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Publishing Date: 10 / 02 / 2014
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EuK|Zw 10.114.10 (a7dw 10, 2w 114, aw 10.)

EuK|Zw 8.4.7.2 (AwIw 8, A[ynbw 6, eKw 17, aw 10.)
NHcmueZahwJy : 10113
Fn eoPb;tS
eoPb tS ]oow
]oo w \oba;m
\oba m.
aw
-(E-gox - Xn]hx, uZ-e-Xn- eouf|uZenx, O-x -]nZ\oNs ôx]m, h|cx tt[eXx.)--
--ayn- A-w- ]-ucy-uI- N-c-o- c-Y-hy --cmi- -2n-uhn -A-x.-[-a-hy- Zn-bw -eo --P-uy-y-uyn -b-Zn -b-uan --e-Xo- i-cmuay- io-Xx.. 10
-A\|bw:A\|bw:- GuI --aynx A-am- ]-co- N-c-o- c-Y-hy -x -2nhx -A-x b-Zn -b-ax -i-cmuay ioXx eXo Gy -[-a-hy- Zn-bw -eo --P-o.
]ZnYw-:-- GuI = 5Infh|]w GIanb B BZoXy, --aynx =

NcnNcPKotdw, A-am- = AXot Ayunjw, ]-co = Wanbo,
N-c-o = Kao%, c-Y-hy = (eon\) cYo, -x = ArKnaobnbo,
= \nboXt Iko^w, -2nhx = dbow caow eynanbo 2
b-Zn = Ft\, -bb-ax = ba \obanZoIuj,
anbo, A-x = CtInm, -bi-cmuay = fcpco, enhn\jo, Iaa7djo, ioXx =
ioXanbo (AloIw Alobo%Iw) eXo = eo%, Gy =
eo-Poo = eoufgcpXo
h|nao, -[-a-hy = ]co[aot, Zn-bam- = Zn\anbo, -eobo eoPom eoPbot.
aeogbw
eogbw:: f|c, PpenZnem, ao, B -f|-c-h|--]-t 5n-]o-%-en
5#Xo, Acpw, cy, BZnem, C-o-%- c-Y-In-c-\n-b B-Z-h|--]o
Iaw, ]co[aw, n\w, eonKw, ioXw, G-I-w A-Z|o-Xp-b--an-!-. 5-]--eoAioXw, ]cnPbw, eoPbw, baw, \obaw, n-\-o-t 5-In-f-In-c-I-an-b B
]co[o, 2o, fcpcw, Cobw. !XocI, B-Zo-Xy-h|--] G-I-w A-J-7uXm, ISon, uZen, CXynZo h|--]o--an-m. B-cn-Wo-e? P-K-Z-[o-]Xo-bn-b -f|-c, C-o-bn-[o-]-Xo-bn-b
Au\Iw eogb.
eyn-Jyn-\w:
w: N-cn-N-c-P-K-o-td-w eyn-]o- B-Zn-em, 5-]-n-[o-]-Xo-bn-b -cym e-o-%- A--ubn P-K-Zp-f|-cn!
uZ-e. h-e-eyn-]o-bn-b -f|-c-w f-cpC-o-b-uZ-e-n--tS c-Y-an-b f-cp-c-!-coc-eyn-]o-bn-b Pp-en-Zn-=w X-t 5-Inbo e-o-%- B-Z-h|--]n!!
f-n 5-]-w -?-e eyn-]o-%-
5-]--o-t 5-In-f-h|--]-\n-b A--cy-uZ-e-w A-w ]-co N-c-o F-
a--5-ubn-K-n eo-uf-go-o--t--.
ubn B-Zo-Xy-\n-Yn!!! -e-w G-I-X|-n-eo eyn-]o-m e-o-%--e-c-u^. N-cn- 5-#-Xo--tS 5-Xp-I-an-Wm B-Zo-Xy-h|-]o. 5-In-f-c-io-X-an-b udn-Iw n-\
N-c-P-K-o-td-w eyn-]o-m e-o-%-
-t 5-I-So-o-%-o-. A--In-c-o
-f|-c G-I-w A-Z|o-Xp-b--an-!-.
+xn 488 5
ARSHANADAM 488 FEBRUARY - 2014
-ko-Io-\o-- udn-Iw A-Y--W-an-!-Xm B-Zo-Xy-uZ-e-t ]-co-[-a-n-dn-Wm.

B ]-co-[-a-an-I-t A-w ]-co N-c-o
F- a--W-n -W-X-tb 5n-]o-%-Xn-Wm.
-A-\--an-b 5-]-w -cy-uZ-et 5-In-f-n-dn-Wm A-o-ey-2-an-!-Xm. B 5-In-f-n--t-bn-W-un
f-cp-c-o A-x-o-X-an-bo-co-%-
B-Z--cy-t a-\-w 5-In-fo-%--Xm.
_-iox--o-X-an-bo-co-%- -cy-uZ-e-t
5-In-f-n 5-]-w eo-Zy-tb C-o-bue-Zy-an-%-, 5-In-fo-o-%-. C-o-bn[o-]-\n-b B-Zn-em a-\-o A-o-ey-2an-!- n-\-t u_n-[-o--l-o-m
hw-n-c-n -J-x-J--tj 5n-]o%-. B -J-x-J--jn-W-un
5-]--o-t A-\o-Xy-X--tS h|-n-e
-t u_n-[o-o-%--Xm. A--t\ Rn
F- B-Z-u_n-[w B-\--h|--]-t
5n-]o-n-\n-bo [-a-Po-n--en-bo -eom -]-Zn-Y-eo-Zy-tb 5n-]o-%-. eo-uf-gt- B tte-uf-go-I-n-\-n C-ob-h|-n-e-u-w C-o-b-\o-r-i-u-w
b-a-\o-b-an-Zo-I-jn B-Z-h|--]o
B-o-t--%-. C-o-b-N-d-\-n
a-do-\-an--t- No--u_n-[--tj \o-ad-an-o ?-o-I-tj \o-ucn-[o-m ubn-K-t
5n-]o-%-. 5-#-Xo--tS A-\o-Xy-h|-ne-ubn-K-o \o-w N-cn-N-c-P-K-o-tdw eyn-]o-m e-o-%- P-K-Zp-f|-c-t
\o-Xy-an-b-h|-n-e-ubn-K-o--ud-n-Wm B
ubn-Kw [-a-Po-n--eo-t\ \-bo-%-Xm. No--?-o-\o-ucn-[w hn-[y-an-o-b
[-a-Po-n- ]-co-W-ao-t-K- ]-c-a]-Z-an-W-u^ ~-1-Po-n--]-Zw. eo-Zybn d-o-%- A--X-]-Zw. 5-In-f-n
d-o-%- \o-Xy-X--tS udn-Iw. h-Xy-odo-eo-tS [-u-b-an-b H- In-cyw, f-cp-c[n-co-bn-b B-Zn-em 5-#-Xo--tS _--\o-dn-Wm. B _--\w X-t-bn-Wm
[-a-u_n-[-t Po-n--eo-m 5-Zn-\w
tN---Xm. f-cp-c-an-!- 5-#-Xo-tb eo-Pbo-n-Wm B-Zn-em _--\-o-\o-w
488 6 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
c--5n-]o-%--Xm. B eo-P-b-o-w
In-c-Ww \o-b-a-an-Wm, b-aw F- \o-b-aw.
A-Xn-W-un F-n eo-P-b-o-w ]o-o
\o-b-a--;-m F-m a-w \-u u_n[o-o-%--Xm. 5-#-Xo--tS \o-b-a--;-tS
5-In-f-I-\n-Wm -cy, B-Z-u_n-[-ot 5-In-f-I-\n-Wm A-lo-h|--]-a-an-b
eo-Zy, B eo-Zy-bn \nw 5n-]o-%-
g-i-n-b \o-Xy-h|--]-an-Wm G-I-w
A-Z|o-Xp-b--an-b ~-1w.
- ]-c-a-h-Xy-t A-Y-en ~-1t 5n-]o-%--e-c-u^ eo-P-bo-I!
b-a-]n-d-I, \o-b-a-]n-d-I. A-e-ucn-Sn-Wm
ue-Z-en-Wo ]-co-[-a-o-t \o-b-atn--jo-t\ te-jo-en-o u_n-[o-o-%-Xm. G-I-an-b B t]n--jn-Wp a--Ww
A--ubn 5-In-f-h|--]n! \p G-I-\nbo N-cn-N-c-P-K-o-td-w A-Xo-t
A-y-un-jw -W-an-bo K-ao-%-
n-\-c-Y-o A-r-Kn-ao-bn-bo \-n-boX-t I-ko---^-w d-bo-w c-ao-w
eyn--an-bo -2-an-bo e-o-%-.
F--t\ \p b-a \o-b-an-Zo-I-tj f-cp-co \o-t en-h-n-\--jo \o-t
I-a-a-7-d--jo io-X-an-bo A-lo--Iw A-lo-bo-%-I-w tN-m h|n-ao-bn-bo
e-ho-%--uen, ]-co-[-ao--m Zn-\w tN-m
eo-uf-g-cp-Xo-bo eo-P-bo-%--uen
B eo-P-b-o-w ]o-o \o-b-aw F-
b-aw X-t-tb-m Rn A-lo-b-t.
B A-lo-en-Wm B-Z-n-\w F-m
Rn u_n-[o--t!.-hn-b-Wn-Nn-cy a--eyn-Jyn-\w
--c-an-b-eo-[-o F--t\-bn-Wm \o
e-io-o-co-%--Xm F u\nnw. G-km
!-Xo-c-I -eo-t-w uZyn-eo-t-w A-un-jw -o-un-!-. A-un B !-Xoc-I uX-co-t -I-n-So --t- \o-. h-e \o-b-n-en-b -cy X-t
a-Wo-an-jo-I-bn-b uX-co C-co-%-un
!-Xo-c-I-m p-Ww Xp-%-en
!-m -X-dn-b-e uZ-e-n tIn-1e
tIn--%-.
5hn[I
hn[I%lom
lom
~n1uWn
uWnfhy
hy JanhpXm
JanhpXm
apJw
eoeXfCe
eoeX
Ce uX Jw
Jw ~1nn X|w euZn _*.
_
...sXn\nbnse ]Ipv...
\nw BZyIndm Aetc eojo
eojo.. eojouIm B
Bww eo...
uNn-Zyw:- A-m A-ttZ|-Xo B-b-H-tIn-nWm A--tb h--fo-n-ta-m B-r-io-Xm. A-Xo-- n-Kyw C-un-kn--nb-Xm... A-m u-^- n-]o-%-I-w
5-Xo-~-\-S-K-I-w tN----un?
A-ttZ|-X-=w A-Hw X-o F--t\
t]n---t-w?-D--cw:- (!-l--u\-cw av-\w) P-\-
tth|-cyw X-c-u. A-e-m u-^w
ue-Ww. ]o-t !-ul I-No-X|-ta-o-w
D-n-!-a-un F- \n-w eo-Nn-co-.
-uNn-Zyw:- A-m B-Nn-cy-\n-Wm. A--tS ho-n--o-m P-\--tj e-k-o-tb-u--X-u?-D--cw:- \nw B-Zy-In-d-m A-e-tc
eo-jo-. eo-jo-uI-m B-w e-o-.
-uNn-Zyw:- A-ttZ|-X-=w ubn-K-ho-n-=w u-^-eo-f|n-h-=w X-o-tdn-
_--ao-n--H tIn-m, R- eo-rin-cn-[-\-tb f-2o--ew F-Xo-%--ecn-Wm.-D--cw:- \--Xn-W-un. \n-w \o--;tS ]--n-Wm.1914 t]-co-bn-lo-t Xp-c-m \-S-
H- hw-en-Z-an-Wo-Xm. uNn-uZyn--c-I-n-tj -Jw tIn-m ]-co-N-b-t--u-Xo-t-n-Wm tX-o-\o-bo-td ]--!-K-Inc-t a-Xw. eo-r-in-cn-[-tb F-Xo-%-
]--an-Wm \--tX-w \nw \o--;-tS
]--n-tW-w ]-l- uZ-iw, C-m
uI-c-j-o-dn-I-an-\w te-un-Sm5-Xo-a-bo
5n-W-5-Xo-~-In-m C-co-n-Wm. uIn-S-Xo-
eo-[o-bo--tS ttZ-e-an--t-Sn u]n-!-

ttf-en-e-Xn-c-an-Wm. h-Xp-Yy-u\n Y-uen E-go-ubn B-b atn h-a-In-do-I
fo-e-dow-K-5-Xo-~-bo #--fo-d-tb ]-co-dho-m \o-d-eo \o-d-tIn-=-.
5-_-d-cn-b ]o-Kn-ao-I Io-jo-no A-e-Xn-c-a-io-a iw-h-n-n-bm A-uWn-Z-b-h-a-w -5-n-X-fp--I-jo
en-Im[n-w tN--I-ko-o-co-%-.
--o--un-So uZ-e-an-co No-d-m
an-^w A--e-Zo-m Io-- -Wn-e-Xn-c
-a-io-a hw-?-a-W-h-y-In-m I-ko-I-bn-Wm. Bw-K-ud-b-e-g-o-l-eo--tS
\--^-u_n-[-o ]p-Xnw-_-c-e-Ww
t]n-ko-m hw-?-a-h-y B-c-y-hn-K-co B-Zo-Xyt\ _-do-b-o-%-un
a-d-b-c-n t]n---d-ua-o tX-jobo-%- I-0-c-Zp-]w hn-K-cw hn-obn-bo I-S-d-cb-n e--W-h-a-w
DboInw. H- eo-r-i-o-w -So
]--cn-^--P-ubn ttf-en-K-a-X--eo-[o-Iujn a-in-ugn-V-fp-a--n [p-cn-P-cnuP-f|-cp-h--+-uan \o-W-bo--t-w.
In-dw !-ul-I-ko--un a-in-uZ-e D-]uZ-e-X-an-cn-w D-]-uZ-e-n-cn-w 5-Xo-~-bow !-\x-5-Xo-~-bo-w _n-dn-d-b-
-uX-So bn-^-bn-!w. A-\o-w- hw--eo%-un I-S-do-td -K-o-o-I In-otd a-c--d-I-bo uZ-e-io-Xw I-t-Kw.
c--w an-S-w a-c-X-w \o-n-tX -=w N-a-I-=w tNn-o n-Ky--2w tIn-m
\n-h-Zp-bw tN-w. n-eo-5-e-N-\w
+xn 488 7
B--Vw a-l--Xo-\n C-eo-tS \o-KI-bn-Wm. eyn-kw te-o-bo-dn-W-u^, a-in-Xz--b-t B--]w h|-W-o

]-Wo-m tX-un--ko-m \-uS-f-t\
[y-\o-m H-gn-c-_o--eo 5-Xo-~o--Ww.
uZ-e-5p-Xo-m ue-tl e-ko-bo-.
-]-m H- u[-~-!--g ue-dn--[
uIn-ko-un-m A-n-So-bo \o-w 5-uXy
-I \o-u-fw X--Xn-Wm tX-o-\o-bo-td
]--!-K-In-c-u\n-Sm ao-hmo-Im n-g-tb
Xy-Po-m u\-uc In-cy- ]-l-b-W-ta-m.
F-^ [-ao-o-w A-Xo-m I-ko-bn--tX-nWm F-m B-udn-No-o-m ]o-So-Io-o-bo-o-. C-un-kn-Wm In-cyw a-\-o-dn-b-Xm.
\nw B-Zy-In-d-m A-e-tc eo-jo-. eo-jouI-m B-w e-o-. Fm. u[-~
!--g io-an-d-b-en-ho-bn-bo-- H-
I--ttN-X-\y-h|--]o--tS fo-gy-\n-Wm.
ue-dm A- B--[w, ue-d-bn-Wm B--[w
F-m ]opSm a\odnbo. eo-r-in-cn[-\-tb F-Xo-%- H- - I-ttN-X-\y-h|--]o--tS fo-gy-n-cn--nbo--. A-e eo-r-in-cn-[-\-tb-an-^-a-,
F-Xo--Xm !-cn-Ww, uPyn-Xo-gw, _-do,
[n-w, X-w, Xp-Y-bn-^, en---P,
P-d--P, P-U--P, ttZ-en-o-ug-Iw, P-wtIn-m ho-o-%- ~n-1-Wy-=w ]--X|=w, X--Wn-Zo-I, A-e-Xn-c-en-Zw, h-Inc--P-I, ]--a-In-c--P, b--o-td
_-do, P-K-Xm ao-Yyn-en-Zw, -n--a-io-a,
--[n-c-W-a-io-a, a--gy-Y--an-in-Zyw,
\-e-r-i--P-I, G-In-Z-fp-an-in-Zyw,
a-un-]-uZ-f--o--I C--t\ C-\o-w
H- ]o-So F-Xo-%- eogb;m
fogyKWm.
A--t\-tb-o \nw B-Zy-In-d-m
A-e-tc eo-jo-. eo-jo-uI-m B-w e-o-.
F- E-go-en-Iyw A-\n-Zo-h--+-un-jw
]-k----X-u F-m \nw hw-f-bo-uo-bo-co-%-. -K-!--g-\n-b a-i-go
Z-bn-\--h-c-h|-Xo--tS -e-Zp-n-\n-aan-Wm I--ttN-X-\y. Z-bn-\- hn-io-Xy
hn-I-dyw !-l-o-l-n u]n-!-
F-m A-lo--un -X A-z-Z-b-Inw-
488 8 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
o-I X--;-tS D-]-uZ-fw a--cp-?-o Hn-Xo-b-Xn-Wm.

A--\n--\o-I-\n-b an-Pn-c-5o-b-t
tN-X-do-a-d--tS A-So-en-c--jo-td
]n-d-n-S In-m ]-\-I-ujn-Sm hw-e-Zo-
ue-Z-\-ubn-tS A-o-X| x-J-n
uan--t-w Pp-eo-X-t-w Xy-Po-
c-eo--tS X-l-en-o-t C-un-k-t t]-coubn Po-uX- X-t t]-co-bn-lo-t
A--l-=w C--l-=-an-bo ]o-co-- I-a--aobo \o-w ]-l- en-%-I-jn-Wm A-e
D-]-uZ-f-an-bo I-S-ta--m tNn-co--Xm.
A-uX [p-c-w h|-X--w h-uen-]-co
h-Kn-Z-I--an-b a--gy-fo-I A-c-]-uXn
F-?-]-uXn e-gw tIn-m p--=w ]-c-X--an-bo -eo-%- F-w H-w ?--uegw tI-o e-do-tbn- !-o-bn-bo a-co-u]n-!--Xn-Wm Pp-eo-Xw F-w. A-HtIn-m D--^-w In-dw tth|-cy-an-bo
I-ko--I. H- tth-n-o-I N--w
]n-So-. P-\--tj [--ubn-tS ]-co-]n-do-Ww. an-S-u\-tb a-c-X-ub-ubn B-uc
ue-W-ta-o-w B-cn-[o- tIn--t.
h|n-X-yw F--Xn-Wm \--m P-\-m \--en-- h-an-[n-\w. B-cn-[-\nh|n-X-yw e-do-b hw--e-an-Wm. P-\--;tS -o ue-Zw D-]-\o-g-m Z-f-\-
F-o-e-tb--o ]-l-b--Xm. a-lo-m !-
!- I-Y-I c-h-I-c-an-bo ]-l-m a-\o-dn--Ww. a-c-Ww an-b-bn-Wm udn-Iw
an-b-bn-Wm. [-\w an-b-bn-Wm. H--an-^-ua
udn-I-m an-b-b-n-tX--> A-Xm an-ban-^-an-Wm. c-eo-w Po-uX--w a-ew a-c-W-b---e-cn-Wm. A-Xn-b-Xm a-n-b-tb -b--e-cn-Wm. F-o-udn a-in--Xz--b-t
5-Xo-~o-%- ue-Z-eo-K-I-m A-H-ne--Xm. a-i-go Z-bn-\--t ?--ue-gw
e-do-tbn- tIn--!-o--uS-Xn-Wm. In-c-Ww
]-l-bnw [-o- uI--tIn--Ww.
A-u-i-o-t A-So-n-\-ho-n-w
F-n-Wm? ue-Zw an-^-an-Wm f-co. A-Xm
\--m Aw-Kp-I-co-n I-ko--uan? ]-ln \- F- tN-w? H- r-o- ]-I-cw \nw \n- r---m
A-So-a-I-jn-!w. A-Xm th-a-o-m No--bnWm. ]o-t tt_-_o V-ln F-o-ebo eo-f|-ho-%--e A-Xm an-^-an-Wm
f-co-tb-m ]-l-n A-Xo-t\ \nw
\o-ug-[o---Xm. tt_-_o-jo-td B-Zy-e-N\w u\n-&. B-Zo-bo ttZ-ew B-In-f-=w
-ao-w -wo-. \--tS !-cn-W--jo
]-l-- ]---X-ho-n--an-Wo-Xm. B-Zyw
B-In-fw A-e-hn-\w -ao. -K-o-td
B-In-f-=w -d-o-td 5-#-Xo-w C-Xm
]v-cn-Wo-I-n-c-Xp-b--tS h--+w X-tbn-Wm. C-H-u]n-td-bn-Wm V-ln en-Iy-;w. eyn-Jyn-\o-n F-nw G-I-an-!w.
A--t\ ue-Zw H- e-ko-n-!w.
]o-t uPyn-Xo-gw, AHm udn-Iw
?-e 5-Nn-c-- hw-K-Xo-bn, A-Xo-t\
F-Xo-n F-n-Wm Y-Ww. B-;-I
uPyn-Xo-gw u\n-n u]n-!w. A-l-_ouPyn-Xo-gw u\n-o-bn-Wm A-l-_o-I
F-n-n-cy--;w tN---Xm. udn-I-hw-e--tj-nw 5-e-No- W-m uPyn-Xo-gob-u u\n-h--U-a-hm. ?o- P-\o--epW-!--So-do I-k-o-t \--^-K-Wo-Xw
I-t-o-b eo-I--n-tc-o-bo--.
A-un \nw F-o-\nWm uPyn-Xo-g-t
F-Xo-%--Xm. ]n-So-. en-\-\o-cp--Wo-- fn--an-Wm uPyn-Xo-gw F-m
Z-bn-\- ]-l-n A-Xm f-co-bn-eo-
In-c-Ww A--t\ an-\-m u\n-o-bo-o-m F--Io-n. !-ul I-l- hn-[\--tj In-Wnw, A-H tInm cn-ô-]-Idn-o -wo-uZn-gw hw--eo-o-nw F--X-n-tX F-n Y-Ww. ]o-t I-C
In-Wn I-ko-bn- A-u-i-o-t Y-
eo-c-Pn-\- A--\n-bo-- F-m A-lobn-a-un? A-u? e--co-]o-So-m u]n-b-Xn
I-Bm. uZ-ep-uIn-]w. uPyn-Xo-g-t-l--un [-o--Ww. t]n-o-jo-td
c-2w !-So-%- Hn-o-t an-Xo-co-bn.
I-Bo--Sn-Wm c-2w e-do-t--%--Xm.
ue-Zw F-n-e-%w tIn---Ww F-
]-l--e-tc-nw A---eo-n-Wm I-S-u]n-b-Xm. In-Hw I-Cw F-nw u]n-b
-u A-e bn-^-bn-bXm. F-o-m tIn-m
uI-c-j-o-td A---ew X-t F--n

a-Xo-b-un? X-w C-n- ue-Zw tIn-m
\-S--e-tc-nw -So--u]n-bo.
Z-o-Wn--o-h|n-ao-tb B--en-k-I-S-o Xo--uen-un-c-m tIn-1-e-m
]-Zma-\n--t c-m N-?-n-c-t A--m
5-Xo-~o-o--u bn-K--ao-I-tj \nw ep-t--Xm. C-un uIn-So-I -S-o bn-Kw
\-S-n f-cp-c I-w h|-W-H-dn-n-cw
\-S-o-bn -2-n In-o-co-%--Xm.
Ip-co...-Ip-co... Ip-co--tS I-Y-b-lo-bo-u,
]-m -[o-~o-c bn-Kw \-S-o-b-un
h|-W-p--co I-c-m u]n-bo. A-H-u]ntd I-c-m u]n-In-tX-bo-co--W-ta-o
\o- av-\o-bn-bo In-dw I-ko--Ww.
]n-c--cy-uZn-gw D-n-en-Xo-co-n Pp-eoX-uc-J-I-tj E--en-o \o-ubn-K-t hvay-an-o eo-j--Ww. cn-an-b-W-In-d-Kw
a-in-n-c-X-In-d-Kw A-\-]-Xy-X !-o--Xm
bn-K-fn-d-bo-td A-lo-uZ-e-t hv-ayw
tIn-n-Wm. C-tXn-t I-Y-I-j--u,
h-Xy-an-w hw--eo--Xn-Wm. Z-b-\n-
C-tXn-w Aw-Kp-I-co-n--Xn-Wm 5-Tw.
]o-t I-a-_-w In-c-Ww ]-Xo-t\-na-t ]-So-bo A-u-iw en-o-!-So-
eo-gw 5-e-o--Xm I-o-u! ubn-K_-dw uXn-e-u]n-bo. A-H-tIn-tn-t-bn
]-l--u! ue-Z-5-Nn-c-o-m ]-I-cw I-doIn-d-o \nw A--~o-u--Xm \n-a-hp--\-an--tWm.
]o-t Kn-b-^p- tIn-k--ao-. uIun!
B-w uI-t Hnw uN-m \-ax fo-enbtNn--n--H-u]n-td Kn-b-^p-w eyn-,Xo uN-n-tX an-^-ua D-]-uZ-fo-n->.
A-t-o !-k--an-Wm. I-aw G-t--uo-e-w. ubn-K-_-dw F--m a-n--t-w.
A-H-tIn-n-Wm ]-Xo-t\-n-a-t 5n-efyw Z-bn-\--m eo-gw G--Xm. C--t\
]-d-In-cy--;-m. [-o-n B-g-\n-Zo-m tIn-nw. C-\o---m D-]-uZ-f-a-co-bo A--f--. udn-I-m
F-nw B-e-fy---Xn-Wm, A--eo-f|nhw D-t-tS-tb-nw. A-Xo-t\ F-Xoo-m F-m u\-Sn. a-[y-an-Kw F-tn+xn 488 9
-m A-Xn-Wm ubn-Kyw. F-nw f-co-tXe-I;w B-u]-o-I--jn-Wm. Z-bn-\--t

f-co a-m No-d-m tX-n-Wm. Z-bn-\--t
tX-e-I a-m No-d-m f-co-bn-Wm. \nw
a-[y-an-Kw h|p-I-co-%-I. ]-l--tXnw a-[y-an-K-an-Wm. No-o-%-I. [-o%-I.
A-ttZ|-X-ho-n-w n-c-X-o
o-c-5-Xo-~-u\-So-b H-n-Wm. A-Xo-t\
F-Xo-o-m In-cy-ao-. \n-\n-X|-o-td
G-I-X|w. F-nw G-I-an-!- h-Xyw. C-etb \nw F--t\ \o-cn-I-co-%w. ue-Zw
]-l---tXn-w hn-[n-c-W-n-c-m
a-\-o-dn-eo-. A-Xm !-l-m ]-7o-X-n-uS-w hw--Xw A-lo---e--tS-w C-Sbo an-^w eo-d-un-!--Xn-Wm. P-\-Ip-ba-. A-Xo-\n-Wm ]-u \--tS E-go-an
n-K-e-Xw A-e-X-co-o--Xm. Z-fn-e-Xn-cw
Un-eo-t ho-n-w D-n-!--Xo-w
F-^-ubn In-dw -u D-n-bo. eyn-h
I-d-o ]o-u-tc -wo-o-u? A-
-u_nw-_m ~-1n--o A-S-o-bo-u!
!--I-eo-an-\w !-w u]n-td-b-u d-bo \o-w A-ubn-[y-bo-ud-%w a-lo-w
Xo-co-w h-ep-hm \-S-o-bo---Xm.
A--t en--K---tj--o-un-w
i--anh|n-ao #-Xy-an-bo ]-l-o-u.
en-bo-&-tS-u-lo tN-eo-bo--tS F--t\bn-Wm C-l---tX-m In-Wo-m X-o-u.
en-Wo--tS 5-Xp-I-an-Wm en-bm. A-Xn-b-Xm
f-pw. f-pw D-n-=--Xm en-bo
\o-n-Wm. A-Xm tN-m uIc-Xm tN-eoboud--u. I-Y-bo ]-l---tX-n-Wm?

en--!-^ i--an en-bo--tS 5-ue-fom tN-eo-bo--tS !-l-u-m u]n-.
--uhn-Wo-Im F- eo-an-\-h--+w
5-I-S-an-%- I-Y-bn-Wo-Xm. Z-bn-\-
C-tXn-w I-o-. A-Xn-Wm A-u-i-ot u]n-cn-. A-H-tIn-m Z-bn-\-
hn-io-Xy hn-I-dyw F- ]--Xo D-u]o-m \--m cn-ua-f|-cw ]n-d-t-%-lo-m
\n-h \-S-K- K-ue-g-W-o ]-t-nw. H-w C-t-o cn-ua-f|-c-t
h|-bw tXn-ko-]--Xo-F-o-w ]-co-N-bt-Sn I-ko--a-un. ]-o-Wo C-n-tX I-ko
-bn-w ]-ew. [--uln-So-bo-td I- Nn-I e-ko A-n-cn-{-]n-X--n-bo
e-n B-Zw]n-dw In-Wn Xp-Ybn-ô-I-tc-Kw. cn-a-uf|-c-t -So
u\-co-m \--m eo-uZ-f--jo-ud-m I-b-o-b
b-nw. Xo---Xo-b--t\ \--m uXn-+on ]-ew. tte--e-]--n-Wm Xo--Xo-b-. ttf-e-]--o-- e-do-b
eo-]-W-\-hn-[y-X-bn-Wm \--m X---Xm.
IncWw foePUbodnWun XKW
enhw. uZgytm Xlbo ASon
Hm Bbocanbo !\P\o%w. uZe
nco eoeot AeXncanb ena\
t udnafuZngom ]coinc=an!w.
d-Kp-I-Sn---n-I-t. udn-I-m
h-an-[n-\w D-n-I-t. eo-L-S-\-en-Zo-I
A--ao--t!...
-F.
F. ueZ
ueZ5Infm
Infm
Y!d]T\w
d]T\w Ikom [ioudm
ioudm
bn^bn
bn
bn!
fogyu\n
fogyu\n BNnucyn]uZfw 1
F-n-bmu]n-?w h-Xyw ]-l--I. [-aw B-N-co-%-I. Z--No--\n-bo--m A-[y-\-=w

A-[yn-]-\-=w tN--I. -W-an-b ~-1-N-cy-un---So h-I-d-eo-Zy-I-;w A-y-ho-m
B-Nn-cy-\m C-w-an-b [-\w D-]-in-cw \-Io-bo-m, eo-en-iw tN-m h-n-u\n-]n-Z-\w
\-S-K-I. 5-an-Zw (A-[-) tIn-m H-co--w h-Xy-t Xy-Po---Xm. 5-an-Z-n
[-a-t D-u]-o---Xm. 5-an-Z-n B-ucn-Ky-=w Nn-H-cy-=w ttI-eo-S--Xm. D--aan-b tF-f|-cyw e-o-o-%--Xo-w 5-an-Zw e-c--Xm. 5-an-Zw -tIn-m A-[y-b-\n-[yn]-\--tj H-co--w Xy-Po---Xm. uZ-e-n--tS (eo-Z|n-n--tS)-w an-Xn-]o-Xn--n-tS-w I-]-g-bo 5-an-Zw e-c--Xm. eo-Z|n-n-tc B-cn-[o-%--H-u]n-td X-t A--\-an-uc-w Y--eo-u\-w A-Xo-Yo-ub-w F-n-bmu]n-?w -Po-%-I. \o-ug-[-ao-n--Hw
[-a--2-=-an-b h-XmI-a- tN--I. eo-]-cp-Xao-Yyn--n-g-W-w tN---Xm.
10
488 10 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
ueZot aiX|w (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
ueZjotd A-u\-In-Y-Ittf-do
sshZnI ssieohnNmcwssieohnNmcw
AXyWXN
AXy
XN?w
Z|nZf 5Yb
YbL?uaIw
uaIw
^pWo
pWo \yn\o I D XouIX.
Xo\m
o\m hnIw ôfXn
ofXn \
fuencm
fuen
cm]oXnx gwocm
g ocm\
NdnNdnhx..
(EuK|Zw. 1. 164. 48, AYew. 10. 8. 4)
anYw
nYw::- 1) GIwN
GIwN?ww = H N?o
Z|nZf5[bx
[bx= ]m BcnI,
m, Z|nZf
^pWo\nyn\o
pWo\nyn\o = \noN?w, Ix
DXXm NouIXm = GtXow H eoZ|n
o\m =
AXot\ Aloun? Xo\m
NdnNdnhx= AXy
B N?o, NdnNdnhx
ofXngwoo fw Iex
ueKen\nb, ôfXng
Bcm]oXnx = 360 BWoI Xloco
%.
nenYw:nenYw
:- hweec]pN?o
]1anhjn! BcnI
\npuIo Dlooco%. rpw,
fcXm, egw EHuZjnm
\npuI. c]Xm
Zoehjn! BWoI
]1anhjn! BcnIjo
Dlooco%. Ce hZn KXobo
hcotInoco%Ibnm. (EuK|Zw.
1.164.48)
2) Z|nZf 5Ybx
Ybx= ]1m BcnI,
GIw N
N?ww = H N?w, ^pWo\yn\o
pWo\yn\o
= \noI, I DXXm NouIX =
BnWoXot n\w DHm.
pWo
(BcnWoXlooHm) X^ ^pWo
fXn\owox
fXn\o
ox N fex BiXnx=
BiXnx B
N?o c]Hm
!oI (BWo) Dlooco%.
AHm Cjoun!X. hZnIlo
tnoco%. (AYew. 10. 8. 4)
eynJyn\w::- \npuIjodnbo 12
eynJyn\w
BcnI; H AWXN?w.
AXo c]Hm !oI ASolo
oco%. AHm AXyw Nd=w
hZnIlotnoco%Hanm.
BnWpISwIYtS AYw
Alobn=Hm.
CHm hweec]pN?anm.
]1 anhjnm ]1m Bcn
I. ehw--rpw, egw-fcXm,
uiaw-fofocw EHK
jnm \noI. 360 !oI
c]Hm Auincn^;w. Zo\cn^jn
! BWoI hZn NdotIno
co%ebnm IncWw Ae ucnun
ucnnbo anlotnoco%.
BZn\ ]uidotb BZyw
C5Incw IndN?]canbo eynJyn\o
Xoufgw A[ynZ]canw
eynJyn\oo1m. A[ynZo
AWXN?w fcpcanm. ]oob
;w a\w eow uNm
]1m BcnI. PnrXm h|+w
io eIjnm \np
uI. 360 !oI fcpcanb
Au\I AoI;w, aw, Ao
hoI;anm.
+xn 488 11
11
Zoey]Ww
Zoey
]Ww enbhw (In)
Zoeyw ]cm
]cmWw enbhw
gia]nw
a]nw Kcmw
ZcmfXuang[p\nam.
Ap]uXn ?w
?woo
oocm
cm]b
bw
hch|aeuh
hch|
aeuh uPniepao..
(EuK|Zw 1. 164. 52, AY. 7. 39. 1)
anYw
nYw::- Rn Zoey
Zoey]cm
]cmWw
giww = ginb BIncun
Sob, Zyv udnIo P\o, DKXo
bn \occw aiZmIaj~o%
Zoey=w eofnd=w ]Wanb A]nw
Kcmw g[p\nw Zcmf\w = Pdot
unXw, g[oe\XoI%
?woox
oox Ap]Xx Xcm]
!woZnbI=w, ?w
bww = ?wobotS \n nKKw
5eniantbK PdunXIjotS
5]ot eofogy, #YoeotS
hch|w=
Zniw XpK Jan% hch|
uPniepao
cyt\, Aeth uPniepao=
Ft cnbo B[bom eojo%.
(EuK|Zw. 1.164.52)
nenYw:nenYw
:- cy u[~w
\occw hnc5obanm.
cy5InfotSbnm g[o
e\XoI chenioIjn!Hm.
cy5InfotS ]vwoI Aw
]nIw tNm f2anbo ejen Ae
hn[o% FHw fn hXyjnm.
CncWjn cy 5]ot
BZntelobt. ?wobotS
5#XotS Pw uXPw \od\o
o wobotd PpePndtj cy
co%. cyIocW Pdt
_npIcom InuaLano ep1w
akbnbo ?wobnbo aobo ]Xoo
%. CtXn Nn?oI 5?obbnbo
HS tInuboco%. BcnWo
Xo ]oo. AYeueZw 7.39.1
Ahcom 5nW F5Incw
fcpco Ppe\od\oKuen
AHu]ntd _niyncootd
Ppeenenm Alo]obnb
12
488 12 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
cy. Acootd 5nW

Acon\pbanb H eoXo
bnm.
bXm5nW
nW\bo
\boUq\no
q\no?z_
uXyn][ox 5epbu
epbu Kcmn\m Z[uX
bXm Iow N ayna[ox
ayna[ox
bZn 5nuWn
nuWn AyecmgpZm
ecmugW #Yoepw
Yoepw aipam
]f|Xm
]f|
Xm 5 uanZu
uanZu auin tte
u\n eogyXo. (AYew 4. 4-5)
]ZnYw:]ZnYw
:- ui 5nW! bXm \bo
\bo Xm
Kn
Kn g[px ?Xo
Xo = FunknuWn
\p uaLjotS g[oI;tS
uabc fpuntS CSow aow
5ubnKo%Hm, Aun g[oe\
XoI, 5epbu
epbu= uXPh|oIjn!.
Kcm[uh=
[uh 5P\\ f2oecnbo
K[ncWw \SK. AuYn _i|px
eoPnbu= ejtc eofndanb aobo
eoPnbu
ej eoInhw 5n]o%.
FunknuWn 5nW (cy)
?wobotS eofndanb #Yoeotb
?e Jbno Decw K
2w hvcyeXoan%Hm,
AXotS NcnNcPKom Ppew
PpeoX=w \Hm, AXo\oZn\w
_niyncootd Alo]obnb
cy Xtbnm, EuK|Zow
AYeow ISwIYbnbo ]lo
co% Zoey ]W\nb enbh
anboanc. pchnKcanb _niyn
cootd PdunXnb
hcn cy F ]lXo
AWXo\eInfao.
nenYw::- Rn Ft cnbo
nenYw
enbht ep1w ep1w Xo%I
bnm. B In BInfo eho
%. h|Wol!Xnm, eofnd=w
AXogiKanWXot BIncw.
aobotd tew ?e !So Xp%w.
]u AXye;w AriZnbo
I;anb aing[oItj 5]o
hn\o%XnWHm. !So eo%
AXngyw (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
a\pkvarXn
A[ynbw 1
NnHeWyIa\o[ncWw
Nn
eWyIa\o[ncWw
hZnNncw ]ca[cmaww::108. BNncx ]cuan [cmax \Xz

Xz2x_
ncm
ncmX Ge Nx.
XnZ
X
nZo\m
o\m hZn u2nn \oXyw
hynZnZen|oPx..
hynZn
en|oPx.. 108 (55)
AYw:AYw
:- \Xz
Xz2 N ncm
ncmXx + Ge =
ueZjow Xobow ]lo
uPn= Ae, BNncx
uPn
BNncx= BNcWanm.
]ca [cma = heu[~anb [aw;
XnXm
nXm = CHtIn1m, BZnen\m
nen\m Z|oP
= BuZnXo Brio% Z|oPn
tNuHm Ae, Ao\m
o\m =
aiXmIao, hZn \oXyw 2x
hynXm = hZn \occw 5bUfpd
cnboco%I.
GtXnnuWn ueZow ueZn
danb XoIjow 5Xo]nZooco
%Hm B [at uI%I, ]lI,
uIo%I, ]To%I, ]Too%I,
BNco%I Cebnm [andanb
BNcWw. AHtIn1m hZn[anNcW
jo ?Io Ppeo%I. Ct\bnm
aigo u^nIom AYw
]loco%Hm (hXynY5Infw)
GtXnnuWn hXyngWnZo Ia
;tS BNcWw. AHXtbnm
ueZow ueZndanb XoIjow
]loco% BNnc. BNncip\
n%m tteZoI Ia ;tS ^d5no
Dn=Ibo.(hXynY5Infw).
ttfdpeoNncw ((HS)
S)
Xoudtl tew eganbo
tNncom \n]n PKot\
Jano Ppe \od\oK.
Aje-A]ncanb-Pd[obnb
AWX enbhw cy\nm. Ijo
]loco% tXnw cyt YW
jnm. huen]co chnw A]
inc
nc cyx
cyx F tt\2o cyt
ucnKn\nfIf2oSo tejoen%.
cyIocW jnWpeWol!I.
cym uPynXoKWoX5Incw Fm
do Ac]o Blnbocw tta
\pjanWm eynhw. aobotd Pdw !So
eo%Iw, ?wo uhN\n aotb
Aogo2bno Jbn%Iw tN.

enbhot atn u]cnm
hch|n. BInfo Pd\o[oI
jnb InuaLtj Hao \oo
Pd hn%HtIn1w, w
5Inf=w Hu]ntd hbooco
%Xo\nw cy\m hch|n F
u]cm A\|Yanm. EuK|Zw enbh
enNp fpn
f n cyt\
cyt\ co
co%1
1mm.
enbhw AYeueZo
nW Ft
(5nW2w) ]P\yw 5nW
nw Noo
NooHmm eocom Ijo 5n
eoo1m. cuhn tte hx F (ttX:
D]\o: 2.6.1) 2o ]can Znte
AYI+\w dyanm.
(HSw)
[uan+o
[uan
o eogbot aoI
aoI
(1-108
(1
108 X
X 110 etc)
+xn 488 13
13
109. BNncnZ|oNzuXn eou5n

eou n \_
ueZ^daUuX.
ueZ^da
uX.
BNnucW H hw
hw2xx
hcm
h
cmW^dnKmueXm.. 109 (56)
AYw:AYw
:- BNncnXm eoNzXx eo5x=
eo
[anNcWcioX BcnuWn? Abn
Z|oP\nbnunw ueZ^dw \
AUuX
uX= ueZ5Xo]nZoXanb [aP\y
JunK ^d 5nan=Ibo.
BcnuWn, BNucW H hw
hw2x=
eoZy ]Tom [a BNco%Hm
Ae hcm
cmW ^dnKm ueXm =
hWJunK^d;w Aeo%w.
(hXynY5Infw)
AXa\\w
Xa\\w
109--nw uu^nIo
nIomm A\y^w
A\y
w
DZnicW dan
danmm.
Ego\oantS Ao5nb
KwJdu]ntdo ubnPoooco%H
InWnw. Ae hnhcWw B eN\
;tS f2o2anb DZnicWanbo
h|bw XpIw tN. At\ H
eynJyn\ot ocpIcWw a
A\y u^nIjow tInoco%H
InWnw. DZnicWom u^nI
ot new A\yu^nIjo
wpIcooco%H InI.
(I) bhy enMma\ho Iu
_
hay]u N hcmeZn.
hay
h tte hcmeaenu
aenu+nXo
nXo
ueZnun]KXw
ueZnu
n]KXw ^dam.. (1.135, [2.160
2.160])
_
(J) ueZnynKn
ueZn ynKnL b
bnL
L
\obanL X]nwho N.
\oban
\ eo5wnehy
eo
nehy hoow
ho ow Ko
K
o
IcmioNoXm.. 2.72
2 72 (2.97)
u^nIjo ]loco%Hm
ueZ=w ueuZn2Iajow BNc
Wip\\nb ey2o%m ^dhoo
do%Ibo. BNco%bnjom
^dhoo 5nan=Iw tNw.
C5Incw hZnNncw tIn1anûa
[aot KXo 5nan=I>.
IncWw hZnNncw [aot danm.
14
488 14 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
110. GeanNcuXn w|n

|n [cmahy _
\ubn
\ubn KXoam.
hcmehy X]uhn danNncw
danNncw _
P[*xx ]cam.. 110 (57)
P
AYw:AYw
:- Geam = C5Incw,
BNcXx=[anNcWw tIn1Xt,
BNcXx
[cmahy=
hy [aot, KXoam = 5now
|n= Iom \bx
\bx= \o
Ao?ow w|n
dam= ha
an, hcmehy X]hx ]cw dam
X]I;tSw u[~anb dn[ncw
BNncam = [anNcWw Xt F,
P[*x= h|pIco.
aXo
XotS
tS A[ynbnX
A[ynbn
X
eogbNo
eogb
No
111. PKX
PKXL h
hXm
Xm]ow _
hwnceo[ouae
hw
nceo[ouae N.
@XNucyn]Nncw
@
XNucyn]Nncw N n\hy
n\hy _
N ]cw eo[oam..
112. Zncn[oKa\w ttNew eoenin\nw _
N dWam.
ainbeo[n\w
ainb
eo[n\w N [nI+ww N
fnf|Xam.
113. ?p\nw
p\nw dWw ttNe _
nXIhy
nXIhy @Xn\oN.
Xn\oN.
ynyw N fvNw N
eynWnw
eynWnw Iouae
ouae N..
114. pp [cmaubnKw Xn]hyw uanw _
h\ynhuae N.
cnL
cn
L [cmaaJodw IncynWnw _
N eo\ocmWbam..
115. hno
hno5Teo[n\w
eo[n\w N [cmaw
p!ww hwubnc]o.
eonK[cmaw Z{Xw N I
I6In\nw
In\nw
N ufn[\am..
116. ttefy
ttefyIun]Nncw
n]Nncw N _
hwIpcmWn\nw N hweam.
B][cmaw N ecmWn\nw _
5nb
nbLoeo[ow
oeo[ow XYn..
117. hwhncKa\w ttNe eoeo[w _
Icmahweam.
\oxu[bhw
\oxu
bhw IcmaWnw N _
YWuZng]cpWam
WuZng]cpWam..
118. uZf[cmannXo[cm
n nXo[cman\m
!d[cm
d[cmanwL
nw fnf|Xn\m.
]nJ7KW[cm
]nJ
KW[cmanw
nwL _
fnuo2en\m
fnu
en\ma....
(N) SntX
SntX Hnw A[ynbw
PKXx hXm
h Xm]oam = PKot D+o
cnw A[ynbw
hwnceo[oam
hw
nceo[oam +Ge
Ge = hwnc;tS
eo[o, @XNcy
XNcy= ~1NncotS @X
;tS eo[o, D]Nncam = Yuhen,
AoenZ\nZofownNc.
nw
nw A[ynbw
n\hy]cw
n\hy]cw eo[oam = n\w =
hane\ hwncot u[~
eo[o, Zncn[oKa\am = eoeni=w
p5now eoenin\nam dWam =
eoenidWw. ]beo[n\am
eo[n\am =
]b;tS eo[o, fnf|Xw [n
I+ww = [not h\nX\eo[o

\ndnw A[ynbw
?p\nw
p\nw dWam = ?oI;tS
dWw nXIhy
nXIhy @Xn\o
Xn\o = nXI
[in[aoI;tS @X.
Anw
nw A[ynbw
ynyw fvNw eynWnw
eynWnw Iox
ox=
ynyw fcpcIo, ey;tS
]coIo [aw pp [a ubnKw =
pI;tS [aw.
Blnw A[ynbw
Xn]hyw hw\ynhw, uanw Ge
Ge=
en\5w hw\ynhoI;tS [aw Ge
uaneo[n\w.
Gknw A[ynbw
cnxx AJodw [cmaam = cnPneot
cn
ha[a;w
Fnw A[ynbw
IncynWnw eo\ocmWbam = enZo5XoI
hao EWnZoIncy !eoNncW
tN hno
hno5Teo[n\w
eo[n\w = hno
eoncw
H]Xnw A[ynbw
p-!ww hwubnx A]o [cmaam =
p!gntS [aw, Znb?a=w
h|eInf\oba=w, Z{Xw = HIjo
eW\w, I7In\nw
In\nw ufn[\w =
fhwincw, In, NXobn
HSob hniyunioItj
foo. ttefy
ttefyJ
ntS
tS
eyeincw h|[an
h|[an~n\w
n\w
]nw A[ynbw
hpcmWn\nw hwew = Audna
5Xoudna hceKot D+o,
ecmWn\nw B][cmaw = eW;tS
B]Xm[a=w, 5nbLoeo[ow
]Xot\nnw A[ynbw
Da a[ya A[a _ôeo[ InIIa
P\yanb KXo, \ou
\ou[xb
xb= 2o5no,
?anWnw
anWnw YWuZng
WuZng ]cpWw = BZ
n\w, eoioX;w \ogo;anb
Ia;tS YWuZng ]cpWw.
]nw
nw A[ynbw
uZf [cman\m = uZf[at, fnf|Xn\m
PnXo[cman\m !d[cm
d[cman\m = h\nX\
PnXo [aw (~n1WnZo) !d[a;w,
]nJ7KW[cm
]nJ
KW[cman\m = ]nJ7oI,
eWo%I BZobnbetS
[a;w, ax= aeo\n Ao\m
fnuD2en\m
fnu
en\m= fnro
D]uZfooco%. (111-118)
AXa\\w
Xa\\w
aXobotd eogbNotS
hw Xntkl IncWjn
5oanm.
1) heoucn[w
(1) u^nIw en]ceoanm.
CeotS ew (108-110) AXoufgw
(120--144) u^nI;tS ]cnaf
eogbw [ahw_obnm.
eogbeoecW%a[yo
]loco% eogbNo
N tNe u^nIt hw_
ooSunjw XSuiHenbo.
+xn 488 15
15
Xa hnhcWan
eW\ BbXo\n 5oanm.
(2) AYen eogbNo
eogb No avdoIantW
ot rncwodn euc
Hm. Ato Aehn\nKnIWw.
aynKK eogbNo%m bntXn
hnwKXy=aonXocou A\vNoXy
Wanb nKw 5oanm.
(3) nKt 111-nw
111 nw u^nI
u nI=ww
118-120
118
120 etc
etc uu^nI
nI;ww
ouXnIbn 5oanm.
AHdw eogbhw
XStIbnnbHm.
AHtIn1Xt avdoI=a.
(4) eW\n ?aw,
aw, ngn ttfdo
Ce tIn1w 5X 5ne\
I (92-107) ouXntW
ey2anm. 107-nw u^nIo
eogb No Bcwoo. Fn
FoueobnWXo
ueobnWXo BNncfpw
BNncf w
5ubnKo
ubnKoHmm. 108-110 etc u^nIjo
BNnc;tS eW\1m. AXnbHm
AXou\nuNKm 5onKtj
avdoIanopn eoew
B eogbNo 108-110 etc
u^nIoufgw ouK. Fn
F?Xou u^nIom en]c
u^nI;anbo bntXn hnayuan
_uan Inon.
111-nw u^nIou\n uNo
"N" A?o AXot\ 107-nw u^nI
=anbo _oo%. Ct\
F5IncanuWn eu^nIanb
92-107 etc u^nI;tS
eogbw deogbt J7om
ut?Xoboco%Hm AHXt
bnWoeotSw hweooco%Hm. AHm
wanw 5ow XtbntW
tXjo.
2) eogb eoucn[w
(1) 1 X 5 etc u^nIjo
wzXm]o BcwoXoufgw 1.144
hano NIanb Ggn [cmahy
16
488 16 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
uen ubn\ox hanuh\ 5Ipcm

IpcmXoXn
hweLnhy
hwe
nhy hcmehy..
F ]loco%Xo\om
Ceot eogbw wz+ow
[uan+oantW hoo%.
]co[oetc eogbhw_obnb
u^nIw eogbhwKXta]lbnw.
_noe eogbnduan
hwKXuan A. 111 X 118
etc u^nI a ]l e
eogb=anbo bntXn _=
aon Ahw_eW\Ijnm.
eogbeoanbXo\n 5o=
anm.
3) ttfdpKX B[ncw
(1) aeot ttfdotS 5uXyIX
Auiw Funtkow GtXow H
eogbuan ]T\uan Bcwo%Xo
un, Aehn\uan, Nodun
HSXow Aehn\o%un?w
AXot hnuXoIX \I ]Xoen
m. eogb NotS u^nIh
ot BZoboudn Aehn\uan H
hnuXoIN\w Ino. AXo
\n CH5oanm.
(2) a
aXo
XotS
tS avdoIttfdo
5eN\ttfdobn
eN\ttfdobnmm. aXobotd
haeogb;w 5ne\I;w 5eN\
ttfdobotbnm. AHm en]
c]o ]cc_Hanm.
ttfdobo eogbNo F
avdoI]t%lo ]lnw
HcoSKu]nw eogbot a[yo
At\ HceXnjw Dn=Ibo.
At\ u\nobnw eogbNp
IY\w ttfdotS hap]tw
FKo. CHoudoufgw
Bucn hvIcyew h|nYwoubntS
F?XouXnenw.
4) 118
118-nw
nw uu^nIo
nIo a
aXotb
Xotb
fn\nao
fn
\nao 5ub
ubnKooco
Kooco%..
avdoI]o 5ubnKw
eye,Xan=Ibo. IncWw ttfdpKX
Zf\fneoNncw
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
\ymbZcvi\w
(aigo KvXat \ynbZf\ ^;ww

AetS
Ae
tS d
dx AYeoecW
AYeoecW=w)
w)
cnw A[ynbw --- cnw BoIw

B oIw
2. 51. hn-an-\y-e-uXn [-cma-ubn-uKn_
\ hn-an-\y-hy (179)
-h|-W-o-t Y-Ww A-Y-en -e-WX|w hn-an-\y-an-b [-a-ubn-K-an-m. -eW-o-t-b-. A-H-tIn-1m e-W--;-tS
eo-In-c-]-w A-hw-K-X-an-m.
2.52. \o-Xy-uX|
X|eoeo-In-cn-Z-\o-XyuX|
Nn-\-e-n-\n-Xm (180)
-e-W- \o-Xy-an-I-bn A-Xo eo-In-
c-u-Zw D-n-!-o-. A-\o-Xy-an-tW-

(eo-In-cw D-n-!-ta- ]-l---Hm
h|p-In-cy-a-).
2.53. \o-Xyn-\n-a-Xp-o-b-X|n--[-cma-_
eo-I-+n-- e-cmW eo-In-cn-Wn-_
a-5-Xo-ug-[x. (181
(181)
\o-Xy-]-Zn-Y--;-tS [-aw ]-d 5-In-co-w eo-I-+o-X-an-m. A-Xp-o-b-=-an-m.
e-Ww \o-Xy-an-tW-o-w ]-co-Wn-a--n-
B[nco AHeofZanbo
InWooco%H [o%I.
u^nIw 5oantWHanâ,
eynJynXn 5u]hoanobo
co% Fw tXjo. AHtIn1
Xt CuXntSnw o u ae
u^nI;w h|bw 5o hoan!.
"D2nen
nen
" F 5ubnKo
ubnKotS
tS
tXjoen!Hmm u^nIw
tXjoen
u nIw aentX
a entX
auuXn ey2o
ey o cNoXntWnm
cNoXntWn m.
At\w u^nI 5o
tam h|bw tXjobo%.
A eoucn[w
5)) Aeoucn[w
(1) u^nIjo 5neooco%
eogbNo rot hPpe eogb
eyeanbo bntXn Xcow
uNX. cpXobo c1w Xo
edob eyXynh1m. A[ynb?ao
]loco% eogbtj Dcom
118-nw u^nIo uZfot
[aw, PnXo [aw (CeotS PnXo%m
eWw F AYtanw
AHw fcobn=Ibo IncWw
eW[aeoecWw 107-nw u^nIo
]l IkoXnm) !d[aw
]nJ7oI;tS [aw Ce
rodo.
2) H
H eogbo A
AKXanbo
KXanbo
(2)
e
e
eXI
XI;ww h
h;w,
w, eoo
eogb;tS ]o ]coKWoo
co%. Ft\tbn 115-nw u^nI
o eWooco% hno 5T
eo[n\w, p!g[aw, Znb?aw
Z{X?pU, Ce 114-nw u^nIo
]loco% Incy\oWbo
AKXanm. 5uXyI eogba.
AHu]ntd 5Yan[ynbotd
[uan+o eogbw, ]na[ynb
otd ôeo[ KXoI, [a\oLb
eo[oI. tXeItjnw tejoen
% hXyw u^nI 5o
(HSw)
ta Xtbnm avdoIa.
+xn 488 17
17
In-=--Xn-m. A-Xo-\n \o-Xy-e-W-]-coWn-a-\o-ug-[w A-hn-[y-an-m. [-a-eo-I+-n-ui-X|n-n-h-o- eo---=-an-m.

2.54. A-\-e-n-bo-uX| N e-cmuWn-_]-d-to-e--Z|o-In-ucn-]-]-o (182)
-e-W--;-tS A-\-e-n-bo-X|w (h|-+-Ind-n-bo-X|w) D-t-o-w e-cmuWn-]-dto-o-X|w = A-5-Xy--an-bn-w u[n-u^-ob--%m e-W-n-\w D-n-!--H
-u]n-td e-W--;-tS eo-In-c--n-!-
A-Y-en D-]-]-o-w A-lo-b-Ww.
2.55. eo-In-c [-cmao-uX| \o-Xy-X|n-n-en-Xm_
In-dn--uceo-In-ucn-]-]-u-Ln_
5--Xo-ug-[x. (183)
-e-W--;-tS eo-In-cw an-\o-n-w A-Xo-m
\o-Xy-X|-ao-n--bn-w A-H-u]n-td In-dn-c-o eo-In-c-[-aw D-n-bn-w eW--;-tS eo-In-c-en-Zw A-h|p-In-cy-an-m.
C-In-cw uI-%-un b-In-c-uan, b-Incw uI-%-un C-In-c-uan C-n--Xo\n ]-co-Wn-aw F- ]-l-bn-\n-eo-.
2.56. 5-#-Xy-\o-b-an-Zm e-cmWeo-In-cn-Wn-am.
(184)
-e-W--jo 5-#-Xo--tS-w eo-#-Xo-tS-w (In-cy-In-c-W) \o-b-aw D-n-In-Xo-\n e-W-eo-In-cw an-\o-n-\n-!-Ibo-. 5-#-Xo \o-b-a-cn-io-Xy-n eo-Inc-]-w f-co-b-.
2.57. A-\o-b-ua \o-b-an-n-\o-b-awx. (185)
A-\o-b-ao \obaXo\n A-\o-ba-ao-; A-Xn-b-Hm A-\o-b-a-ta- ]-l---H
f-co-b-. \obaw XtbnHm.
2.58. \o-b-an-\o-b-a eo-ucn-[n-Z-\o-b-ua _
\o-b-an-n-5-Xo-ug-[x (186)
-\o-b-aw, A-\o-b-aw - C-e-I-%m fn-f|-X
eo-ucn-[---Xo-\n A-\o-b-a-o
\o-b-aw ]-l---Xo 5-Xo-ug-[w D-n-!o-. A\o-b-a-o-t \o-b-aw D-n-!-H-tIn-1m A-\o-b-aw C- F- ]-l-bn-\nIo-. Y--Wn--cn-]-o = D-Zn-n-Zo-h|-c
5n-o. A-Xn-b-Hm D-Zn-w A--Zn--an!-I, D-]-a-cmZw = [n-H--]-o \o-m
A-\y-an-b -]w D-n-!-I, 5n-n-hw = Zp-
18
488 18 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
Lw 5-h|-an-!-I, ?-o = 5-h|w Zp-Lan-!-I, ud-fw = !-l- e--I, u^--gw =

5-#-Xo--tS-ubn 5-Xy-b-o-t-ubn
B-K-aw. C-n-c--jn e-W-eo-In-cw
D-n-!-t-m ho-o-%-.
2.59. uX eo--2y-nx ]-Z-am. (187)
-B e-W-, eo--2y-w (eo--2o--tS
A-e-hn-\w) uN-%--Xo-t\ ]-Zw F-
]-l-b-t--.
2.61. X-Z-cmuY ey-2yn-#-Xo-Pn-Xo h-o_[n-=-]-Nn-cn-ew-f-bx (188)
Kv F- ]-Z-o-\-Yw ]-I F- -K-PnXo, eywo, B-#-Xo F-o-e-bo H-nInw. H--an-^-an-uWn -o-w e--uan
F- hw-f-bw D-n-!-. A-Xn-b-Hm uKn
F- ]-Z-o-\-Yw ]-I-en-uWn B-In-c(B#Xo) -uWn A-Y-en Pn-Xo-bn-uWn?
2.62. bn f-p-h--i-Xyn-K-]-co-r-i-_hw-Jyn ?-y-]-N-be-cmW-_
h-an-hnn -_-n-\nw-ey-2n--_
]-Nn-cn-Xm ey-2ox. (190)
=]"bn
bn" = f-pw, h--Zn-bw, Xyn-Kw, ]-cor--iw = h|p-I-co-, hw-Jyn, ?-o,
A-]-N-bw = L-S-\n, e-Ww h-an-hw
X-Yn A--_-w - C-e-I-tj-nw ey-2oey-e-in-c---Xn-I-bn -- ey-2o (Kv
B-Zo- f-cp-c--][nco) ]-I F- ]-Z-ot A-Y-an-m.
2.63. \ X-Z-e-n-\n-Xm (191)
-ey-2o ]-Zn-Y-a-. F-t-n ey-wo-tbbn-m ]-Zn-Yw uZyn-Xo-o-%--tX-o
A-Hm ey-e-o-X-a-. Pn-Xo-h-io-X-an-b
-K-t-bn-Wo-eo-tS r-io-u--Hm.
2.64. h-i-N-c-W n-n-\-Xn_
Z-cmYy-?--an-\-[n-c-W_
hn-ap-]y-ubn-K-hn-[-\n--_
[o]-uXy-uyn ~n-n-1-W- a--I-S _
cn-P-h-3-N--\-Kw-Kn-fn-S-In- _!--ug-g|-X-Vn-ue]oe ]o- X--]-Nn-cx
(192)
-h-i-N-c-Ww = H--ao-m Pp-eo-%-I,
n-\w, Xn-Z-cmYyw = A-Xo--ue-o,
?--w = B-N-c-Ww, e-w-I-l-, [n-c-W

-]--n-o-bn-w -]w tIn-1m (Pn-Xo)
= Xv-dw, hn-ap-]yw, ubn-Kw, hn-[-\
A-Xo-t\ ]-I-te- ]-l-bnw. F-n
AHu]ntd B-[o-]-Xyw F-o-e-bo
fn-un-2-an-b ]-I-eo-t H- [-a-=w
\o-m a--Yw r-io-nw. h-i-N-c-Ww I-a-=w A-Xo- tN-n-\n-Io-. A-un
tIn-1m ey-wo-bn-b ~n-1-W (fo-J,
B-#-Xo-b- Pn-Xo-bn-m ]-Z-o-t A-0, h-yn-e--\w -X-dn-b-e I-1m
Yw !-lo-%--Hm.
~n-1-W-X|w r-io-nw, a--o-do-co2.67. \ B-#-Xo-ey-2y-u]--X|n-_
%- !--g F-w a--ta-w n-\w
n-n-Xy-o-ey-u2x.x. (195)
tIn-1-r-io-nw. an-\-ta-n ]-co-an-A-H-f-co-bn-b en-Z-a-. Pn-Xo \o-W-b-oWw A-Y-en A-j-te-w, H-dn-N--\-tam B-#-Xo-w ey-wo--]-=w ue-Ww.
n H-dn-o-td N--\-ta-w, hn-ap-]y2.68. ey-2yn-#-Xo-Pn-X-b--]-Zn-cmY (196)
o \o-m Kw-Kn-\-Zo-tb-w A-Xo-t
-ey-2o, B-#-Xo, Pn-Xo - ]-Z-Xp-c-ta-w, hn-[-\-bo A--o
%w A-Y--1m. F--tIn-t-n f-p\o- 5n-W-t\-w, B-[o-]-Xy-o
o-t f-2o -o-w D-1m.
uKn-^--Jy-t\-w A-Yw r-io-nw.
2.69. ey-2o-cm Y--W-eo-uf-gn-[-ubn _
C--t\ d--Ww tIn-1 a-tn- e---cmXox (197)
eo-t\ r-io-%- cp-Xo-b--h-co-m Kv
Y
X
|w,
In-To-\yw, -e-X|w B-Zo-bn-b
F--Xo \o-m uKn-X|-=w r-io-nw.
Y-W-eo-uf-gn-[o-X-an-b -o-tb-bn-m
2.65. B #--Xo--Z-u]--X|n-e-X|-ey--_
ey-2o F- ]-l---Hm.
en-n-\-ho-ux.x. (193)
e
2.70. B #--Xo-cmPn-Xo-dow-Kn-Jyn. (198)
-]-I B-Zo-bn-b 5n-Wo-I-;-tS h|--]w
-G-Xo-\n-dn-uWn Pn-Xo-w A-Xo-t dow-KB-#-Xo-tb A-u]-o- ho-o-%--Xn-I=w = No--=w, 5-I-S-an-!--Hm A-Xo-t\bn B-#-Xo-w ]-Z-o-t A-Y-an-bo
bn-m B-#-Xo F- ]-l---Hm.
K-Wo-nw.
2.71. h-an-\ 5--h-en-Zo-In Pn-Xox (199)
2.66. ey-2yn-#-Xo--u2]y]y-5-hw-KnXm-_
-ey-o-m ]-c--c-u-Z--t-o-w A-[ou5n-n--Wn-Zp-\nw _
I-c-W-o h-an-\-e-o D-+--an-%---ZmK-e-uI Pn-Xox. (194)
Xo-t\ 'Pn-Xo' F- ]-l--.
-a-C-tIn-un an-=-tIn-un ]-I-eo-t
C-Xo Z|o-Xp-bn-[yn-b-hy Z|o-Xp-b an-o-Iw -\yn-bZ-f-\w c-n-a-[yn-bw h-an-w
(HSw)
Y!d]T\w
d]T\w Ikom [ioudm
ioudm
bn^bn
bn
bn!
fogyu\n
fogyu\n BNnucyn]uZfw 2
R--jo h-e|-n-e--;--e-tb h|p-I-co-%-I. x-h|-n-e--tj H-co--w h|p-I-co--Xm. R--;-tS --o-- eo-Z|n-n-w [-ao-~--an-b eo-5-u[-~-n--tS A--
tN-o-co-%-I-w A-e-tc eo-f|-ho-%-I-w tN--I. [--ubn---So Zn-\w tIn---Ww.
A-[--ubn---So Zn-\w tN--Ww. -J-5-hn-Z-un---So tIn---Ww. d--ubn---So
tIn---Ww. -b-un---So tIn---Ww. 5-Xo--ubn---So-w tIn---Ww. \o-m F-un-tk-o-w I-a-o-udn, B-Nn-c-o-udn, D-]n-h-\-bo-udn, eo-n-\-o-udn
e- hw-f-b-=w-D-n-bn h-a-Z-fo-I-;w ]--]n-X-c-io-X-w, ubn-Ko-I-ujn, A-ubn-KoI-ujn B-bo---e-w B--No--w [-an-Zn--;w [-ao~--an-b-e h|p-I-co-%-
[-aan-Kt A-e-dw-_o--tIn--Ww. C-Xn-Wm B-, C-Xn-Wm D-]-uZ-fw, C-H-Xt-bn-Wm ue-Z-o-t D-]-\o-g-m, C-H-X-t-bn-Wm fo--W-=w, C-H-X-t-bn-Wm
t]--an-hw-io-X-w. A-e-\-e-t t]--an--t I-p-I-co-%-en-- an-K-=w.+xn 488 19
19
ueZngyw (HS)
ueZ5Infm
ueZ
Infm
bPpcvthZw
en-P-h-u\-bp _ I-B-w (\( -Xo-5o-bn-gyw-)

-\ndnw A-[yn-bwHnw hoZn\uf|cnb \uan \ax
hKncwo f|c agy\m

a gy\m \Iob A]v
A]vugb
ugbn\w
n\w an\e
Ego]ccbotd BZygobnb ~1gobo
gobo Bcwo%.
Bcwo
. HSm
Sm B Bg
]cc bnnNncy
bn nNncy etcw
etc w B\oIIndm
B \oIIndm B ]nccyw !dob
dob aigo
Zbn\hch|Xo, ]
]7om
om PbuZemeoZyndn, ]7om
] om ZnuanZchnX|udI
Foetcw,
Foetc
w, bnoIeogbo
bn
oIeogbo ]vcnWoI\nb hnbWnNncy, Bg
hap]\o aigo AceouLngm, eynJyn\ ttfdobo ]7om
] om
ueZ_ fa, ngyw Bcwo \uc
ueZ_
\ucg
g Auiot
Au iot Yncnb
ncnb
]7om
om PKZpgm N
Nfn
fno,o, h|nao ~1\o,
\o, ]7om
] om hXy5obfn
hXy obfnoo Foetc
ww 5nanWoIcnobo
nanWoIcnobo
ngyw aigo Zbn\hch|Xo
Zbn\hch|XotS
tS bueZ
b ueZ
ngytbnWm avdoIanbo ]o
]oHSoco
Soco%Xm
Xm. h|X
h|X ngnngyw. ]Zn
]Zn
]Zeoe\a.
haWw
ngyw AXenWobnbo
A XenWobnbo anJenWo
an enWo tNncom
udnInabincoWobnbo eo%
eo A
AXn\abp
Xn\abp Abmm...
Hnw XnabnecZn
XnabnecZn ueZanXn5uNnZb
ueZanXn uNnZbnw
nw ]nean\p Z|oPn\nam
Z|oPn\nam.
Bx 5nWw
nWw 5Pnw
Pnw ]fqw Ip-cmXow eoWw
eoWw ~1ecm
ecmNhw aiyw ZX|n @PX
PX ~1udnI
udnIamam....
4.5
-B uen uZenh Fncwo% aot

Egox - 5Pn]Xo, uZeXx - bx, Ox - \oNsZncmgyx]m, h|cx -- Knncx
wobn agy A~ou !gnY Fm Fm D]uZfooco%.
B uen uZ-en-h Cv-a-ui en-aw 5--b-Xy-[|-uc.B uen uZ-en-hB-fo-ugn b-o-bn-uhn i-ena-ui.. 5

A\|bw:- uZ-en-hx ex 5-b-Xo A-[|-uc ex enaam B aui
uZ-en-hx b-o-bnx B-fo-gx B i-ena-ui.
-]-Zn-Yw:w:- A--ubn, uZ-en-hx = eo-Zybn 5-In-fo-%- eo-Z|n-n-uc!, ex

= \o-, 5-b-Xo = -J-t 5-Zn-\w
20
488 20 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
tN--, A-[|-uc = iow-hn-c-io-X-an-b

b-n--~n-\--jn, ex = \o--;-tS,
en-a-am = 5-fw-h-\p-b-an-b Y-W-K-W--tj,
B -a-ui = \-n-bo e-o-o-n-w.

uZ-en-hx = A--ubn eo-Z|n-n-uc!, b-obnx = B b--ho-o-bn, B-fo-gx =
\o- \o--;-tS B-r-i--uj-w A-odn-g--uj-w, B i-en-a-ui = \-n-bo
ue-K-o udn-I--n-bo 5n-]o-n-w.
-n-en-Yw:w:- -wo--tS D-]-ubn-Kw
F-n-Wm F-m D-]-uZ-fo- -f|-c
C-eo-tS a--o--tS a--gy-P--ot h--]-ubn-Kw F--t\ tN-nw F-
]-l--. a--gy X-t B-r-i--;w
A-o-dn-g--;w \o-l-ue-lo-n---Xo-t\bn-Wm -J-an-bo A---eo-%--Xm. A-Xo\n-bo \nw tN-- I-a--tj-nw b--jn-Wm. b---jn-I-t c-1-eo-[--m.
H-m h|-w B-r-i--;w A-o-dn-g--;w
\o-l-ue-n-\n-bo ey-2o A--~o-%--Xm.
a-tn-m a-e--e--tS -J-o-w fn-o%w ue-o A--~o-%- b--I-a. C-e-bo eo-Z|n-n A--~o-%-
b---tj-nw ]-ucn-]-In-c-5-Zw -Sobn-Wm. A-e u[-~-uPy-~-I-a--jn-Wm.
eo-Z|n-n--tS b--o-t h-eo-uf-g-X
udn-uIn-]-In-c-5-Z-an-b A-u\-Iw v-Xo-I
hn-[y-X-I B b--o A-S-o-bo-m F--Xn-Wm. A-e -J-un-tSn-w
x-J-t-&-So 5-Zn-\w tN-- F- ]-coao-Xo D-m. F-o-w, -Wo-I-an-b--J-jn-Wm a--gy-t\ B-\-n-o-dn-go-bn-o
an-e--Xm. v-Xo-I-eo-Zy-tb 5n-]o-n-tX
P-K-o-t A-\o-Xy-h|-n-ew D-l--o-.
B A-\o-Xy-h|-n-e-t X-t v-Xo-If-cp-c-o-w I-t-K--e an-^-ua
a-tn- f-cp-co--tS x-J-t b-Yn-X-Y
-an-bo A-lo--I-w B x-J-t-&-So
i-\o-%- eo-Zy-tb 5n-]o-m udn-Iw
-?-e -Jw ]-I-cn-\n-bo 5-b-Uo-&.

A-H-tIn-n v-Xo-I b---tj-nw
u[-~-uPy-~-I-a-an-Wm F ]-l--Xm. ]-c-a-an-b n-\w ubn-K-eo-Zy-tb-
b-w X-t-bn-Wm. F-n A-Xo
udn-I-I-dyn-W-an-K-t-n-;-]-co X-t
B-Z-n-\-d-to-bn-Wm d-y-an-%-Xm. A-Xo u[-~-X-ub-n-uj-tl ]-eo-^X--m. -J-u-n-uj-tl B-\---m.
A-Xo--]-co x-Jw h|-b-uan A-\y-un
5-Zn-\w tN--o- F- fn--X---m.
ubn-Ko-I udn-I-m Y-Ww tN--o-
F-m B-u-]w A-n-\o--tS u_n-[o-td A-lo-eo-n--bn-Wm. In-c-Ww a-gy-m X-t eo-Zy-bn -J-t 5-Zn-\w
tN-- uZ-e-n-cn-b ]-7o-X-n -Jun-tSn-w x-J-o-w In-c-W-=-an-!-.
a--o-td A-[|-uc F- 5-ubn-Kw
]-co-ao-Xo-tb u_n-[y-an-%-1m. iow-hnc-io-X-an-b b-n--~n-\w uI-e-dw
B-Z-n-\o-%-an-^w hn-[y-an-!--XnWm. A-[|-cw B-\--t 5-Zn-\w tN--.
[|-cw -J-Zx-J--uj-w. a--gy-\n-bo P-ta--n iow-h-bo-n-tX Pp-eo-X-ao-.
-d-an-b iow-h-b- C-eo-tS eo-e-,
A-[|-cw -m-a-an-b iow-hn-cn-io-Xyan-Wm. -]-c-h--f-K--o--tS--
iow-h--tS cn-io-Xyw. eo-Zy-bn b-w
tN---Xo-ud-n-Wm -wo-tb-
--w. [-o-u--Xm, A--~o-%--Xm
[|-c-uan, A-[|-c-uan F-n-Wm. -wo-bo
-Jo-%--e [|-c-n x-Jo-%-.
-wo-bo c-ao-n--e (F-n x-Jo%-o-) A-[|-c-n B-\--t
5n-]o-%-. -wo--tS 5-ubn-P-\-ao-XnWm, b--o-t 5-ubn-K=-ao-Xn-Wm.
-A-Xy-w a-i-X|-W-an-b In-G-n-So fn-p-bn-[n-c-o I-+o-X-an-b

b--o-\m 5n-cw--o B-[o-ttZ-eo-IP-K-K-an-bo f-co-%w _---n-bo--.
A-lo-uin-^-o-\m A-uin-cn-^-=-an-w, Z-cmf-]vW-an-h-o-\m #- I-B
]---;-an-w, Nn-H-an-hy-o-\m - E-H--;-an-w _---n-bo--.
D-Zn-i-c-Ww A-lo-uin-^-o-t-w Nn-H-an-hy-o-t-w e-W-\-w
eyn-Jyn-\-=w f-X-]-Y~n-1-Ww 11nw In-7-o D-]-d-t-an-Wm.
+xn 488 21
21
Iaapanwhnhap (HS)
]o.tI. Pb
sshZnIbPvRfpsS ùXnI{]kn
A-lo-ap-uj !--ucn-io-Xw..... a--o
h-e-f-2-\n-b Cv-f|-c-t\ 5-hn-Zo-o-m
A--r-iw u\---Xo--ue-o-bn-Wm
Rn -Xo-%--Xm. A-lo-tb v-Xo-Ian-b "Xp
Xp" B-bo In-W--Xm. v-Xo-In-lo
P-U-e- an-^-an-Wm. A-Xm n-eo-fo-wa-. \- -Xo-%- h-e-f-2-\n-b
Cv-f|-c h-e- -So-bn-bo-co-Ww. F-o an-^-ua \--tS -Xo-5nY\-I a-\-o-dn-%-en-w 5-hn-Zo-m
A--r-io-%-en-w I-ko--I-->. uI-edw v-Xo-I-an-b A-lo-bn-bo a--o-td
A-lo-tb In-Wn-tX G-I-an-b ]-c-an-ZX-|-t-bn-Wm D-]n-h-I In-uW-Xm. E-uK|-Z-o X-t 3272 Cv-uj
A-low eo-]-Lo-Xw Ko-cn F-m Hn-Xo-bo-m. C-eo-tS-w h-e--\n-b A-lo-tb
Rn a--n -Xo-%- F-m AYw ]-l-b-Ww. C-eo-tS A-lo f-pw v-XoI-an-b A-lo-m H--eo-[-o-w
uN---X-.-a--o-td !-ucn-io-X-f-p-o-\m
-u---Xm F- A-Y-an-Wm hn-QI-an-bo---Xm. A-lo-tb-X-t A-r-Wocm
-e-Xo F-m \o-F-No-n-c-m. -o-ud-m
\-bo-%--e, -u K-ao-%--e F-tnw A-Yw ]-l-bnw. A-lo uZ-e-X-an-tc
-o \o-w \-bo-%- uh-\n \n-b-I\n-tW-- A-Y-o A-locm tte
uZ-en-\nw uh-\n-\o F- en-Wo-w C-eotS 5-h-2-an-Wm.-5-In-f-en-\n-b A-lo h|-bw 5-Info-%-I an-^-a- a-e e---tj 5-In-fo-o-
22
488 22 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
%-I -So tN--. A-lo !-ucn-io-X-\nWm, -u---e-\n-Wm A-lo -u-bo-to \--tn-w -wo-uKn-N-c-an-!-I-bo-.
\nw Cv eo-f|-t In---Xm A-lo
-u e- \-bo--H-tIn-n-Wm. I-Bo-\m
H- e- In-W-W-ta-o -fy-e- Zp--anbo-co--Ww. \-t bn-tXn--eo-[ A-]-I-S-jo-w D-t--n-tX -]-Y--jo--tS
\-bo-%- B-]-Xm _n--e-\n-Wm A-lo.
A-Xo-\n ue-Z-o A-ul \-b--]-Yn
F-m 5n-Qo-%-.
-!-ucn-io-Xw A-low C-uj = F-un?w 5-Xy--an-bo, Cv eo-f|-o-t -?e 5-In-f-an-bo eo-j-- ]-c-an-Zn-X|-t Rn -Xo-%-.-b--hy-uZ-ew F- a--n-K-o-td
uZ-e-f-p-o-\m Zp-]-\-ta-w uZyn-X-\-taw A-Y--m. h|-b-ua 5-In-fo-%--Xm
Zp-]-\-=w a-e- e---tj ey-2-an-%-Xm uZyn-X-\-=-an-Wm. b--f-p-o-\m uZ-e-P, hw-K-Xo-I-c-Ww, Zn-\w F-p A-Yan---Xm. hw-K-Xo-I-c-Ww-tIn-m -woI-a-t-bn-Wm eo-e-o-%--Xm.
Dv-w ]n-=w uN-m X-lo-bo D--!-S-e
D-n-!w-u]n-td 5-]--o-t B-I-dow A-ko-b-do-w In-c-W-an-b A-lo-h|-]-\n-b P-K-Zp-f|-c-t\ Rn -Xo-%-.-E-X|o-Pw F- a--n-K-o-\m E-H +
C-Pw E-Xv E-Xv b-P-Xo E-H- uXn-cw
b-w tN-- -wo-I-n-eo-t\ Cvuj = Rn -Xo-%- F- A-Y-an-Wm
ubn-Po-%--Xm. B-Zo-Xy-\n-Wm A-lo--tS
5-Xy---]w. B-Zo-Xy X-t-bn-Wm
E-H--tj D-n-%--Xm. I-S-do \o-m

P-d-t D-b-o e-g-ua-L-an-bm an-o
P-d-[n-c-bn-bm ep-N--Xm B-Zo-Xy-\n-Wm.
Hn-ucn E-H--jo-w --;-tS -K-w
A--cp--o \o-l-%--Hw c---Itj (A---tj) i-\o-%--Hw c--hnw
A-]-i- -cy-\n-Wm A-Xo-\n B-Zo-Xyt B-Zn-en-b A-lo-tb E-X|o-Pm F-m
eo-uf-go-o-%--Xm D-No-Xw X-t-bn-Wm.-a--o-td i|n-Xn-c-o-\m eo-jo-%-e-t\-n-Wm f-pn-Qw. A-lo P|-do-tIn-o-co-%-un A-Xo-u\n-Sm uN--
en- -Sn-!-I-w n-cw !-l- --
en- -I-jo-ud-m D-b--un D-n-!-
a- ey-Xo-bn-\w \o-I-n P|-do--tIno-co-%- A-lo--tS A--u-m en-
Hn-So A-W--. C-H I-n ,-Z-bo Cv-f|-c uX-P-m eo-j-- a-inn-tc uX-So -2-n A-W---H
u]n-td uXn-w. *ww [n-H B-Zn-\ 5-Zn\n-Q-I-an-Wm. (tIn--K en-). uinXn-eo-\m tIn--%--e-t\-w, en--e-t\-w A-Yw ]-l-bnw. A-lo uZ-eX-I-m f-2o A-o-%-I-w uZ-e-XI-;-tS f-2o h|p-I-co-%-I-w tN--.
5-Pn-]-Xo uZ-e-X-I-m \-Io-b-e-tInm X-t b-w A--~o-%-I-w A-Xm
5-Pn-]-Xo Xo-co-tI h|p-I-co-%-I-w
tN--. Cv -wo--tS \o-d-\o-, X-t
C-o-t\ B-Zn-\ 5-Zn-\ N-?w \o-c--cw
Xo-co---Xo-dn-Wm !-So-tIn-=--Xm.-[-\--jo eo-fo-w-an-b-Xn-Wm c-Uw.
]-c-a-an-b tF-f|-cy-t 5-[n-\w tN--
e--te-w c-U-o-\m A-Y--m. c-U +
[n [n-c-W u]n-g-W-ubn-lm Z-u\-N
c-U-[-m B-cm ]-c-a-an-b tF-f|-cy-t
u]n-go-o-%--uen A-e-\n-Wm c-U-[nw.
c-U-[n-X-ax F--Xo-td X-a-]m 5-Xy-b-ot hw-_-w "[" ubn-Sn-Wm c-U-unS-. c-U--;w tF-f|-cy--;w Xn-ndo-I-an-bo \-In an-^-ua cn-Pn-eo-w
!-u_-c-w I-ko--I-->. F-n A-e-tS J-Pn-\-I-tj-nw \-f|-c-an-Ww. D-l-e
e-n- I-d-e-l--tS D-l-eo-Sw ]-c-an-Zn-eot an-^w A-[p-\-X-bo-d-t^. Cv h-Xyw

X-a-]m" 5-Xy-bw
uZyn-Xo-o-%--Xo-\n-Wm "XuN-o---Xm.--wo o-Xo hw-in-c-o--tS 5-]-t B-eo--eo-o-%-I-w X-o-ud%-X-t Xo-ucn--eo-o-%-I-w tN--
h-e-f-2-w 5-In-f-h|--]--an-b P-KZp-f|-c-t\ -Xo-%-en n-g-bo D-]-ubnKo-%- ]-Z--tjn-w u]n-cn-tX e-un A-lo-tb- h-u-Xw D-]-ubn-Ko-.
Cv-f|-c-t\ 5-Ip-o-%- a--an-Wm
E-uK|-Z-o B-Zyw Hn-Xo-bo-co-%--Xm.
A-lo-tb uI-e-dw v-Xo-I A-lo-bn-bo
an-^w I-m eo-e-co-%- 5n-Np-\-r--jo u]n-w A-lo h--+-o-t tte-!dyw -B-an-w \--m Z-fo-n-=--XnWm. v-Xo-I-an-b A-lo-tb-%-lo-m e-j-tc
ey-2-an-b A-lo-em -eo-I-%-n-bo--
F---Xo-\m tX-jo-en-bo A-e A-lo-%
\-Io-b \n-a- an-^w ]-To-n a-Xoen-bn-!w. A-lo-tb A-a-c-uIn-f-o "enh-Jn"
n F- eo-jo-%-un Xp I-K-en
5n-W-en--eo-t h-in-bw B-e-fy-antW- fn-p-b-h-Xy-o-t - A-\n]n-e-I"
?-X-an-!--m. A-lo-tb "]nF--eo-jo-%-un I-p-I-co-%-en--

A-Xo-t I-ko-em (S-u-i-f-tfo-k) I-lo--Xn-bo ue-Ww A--an-\o-%-en.
e-o" F-m eo-jo-%A-lo-tb A-e "eun A-Xo-t eyn-]-d-fp-d-X|-=w 5-h-cuf-go-w \-n-b-lo-o-- F--ueWw I--Xn. B-an-f-b-o-td A-lo-tb
P-T-cn-lo-tb- eo-uf-go-o--un f-cpc-o-\-I-t A- P-\-I-an-b A-lo-tb!-lo-- [n-c-W-w A-e-%-n-bo--
F- No-o-%--Xo A-]n-I-X-bo-.
-ao--tS D--Sw P|-do--a-lo---Xo-t
tX-jo-en-bo A-lo-tb -Fo-I _-U-enlo-tb-w eo-jo-o--.-b--t-]-o eo-f-I-d-\w tN-un Hn-ucn Po-n--=w uNn-Zo-%-
uNn-Zy-an-Wm b--o ]-t--%-en
+xn 488 23
23
A-[o-In-cw B-n-Wm? F-n-e-%w ubnKy-X--un? C-uX--o a-c-]-So ]-l-w -m

\nw A-lo-o-co-u- No-d In-cy-
D-m. b-w H- t]n-H-N-S-un B-cn-[\-ubn A- F--Xn-Wm. b-w 5-]-
\o-n-W 5-?o-b--tS u_n-[--F-an-b
H- No-^p-I-c-W-an-Wm. eo-eo-[ fn--fnJ-I H-K-uN- \-S-K- 5n-Np-\
cp-Xo-bo-- H- fn-p-b 5-I-S-\-an-Wm.
C-e A-[o-I-]--=w [v-X I-+--^--;w
ttP-ao-\p-b ap-anw-h-w A-[o-I-co-m B-eol-co-o-- eo-Zyn-eo-g-b--;-tS D-Zmu_n-[\--jn-Wm. F-n ugn-U-f-hw-n-c-5In-c-- b-- ey-2o-\o-~--jn-Wm.
B-%-ue-o hw-n-cw \-S-K--uen
A-e-u A-Xo ]-t--%-en-- Ai-X-->. !-ucn-io-X A-S--- a-e
5-e--I uI-e-dw In-G-n an-^-anWm. [v-X b-- ey-2o-\o-~-a-to-w Hn-ucn b--o-w H- b-P-an-\w !-tl bn-o-I-w ue-Ww. C-Xo-\m
B-n-Wm ubn-Ky-X F--Xn-Wm \--tS
uNn-Zy-ta-o D--cw e-j-tc d-jo-X-an-Wm.
tX-e--Sn-tX te-So-n-bo F-nw tN--en
A-lo---e-tn-t ubn-Ky-X--m.
5n-Np-\-In-d-m Nn-H-e-Wyw I-wtIn-m \o-L-bo-o---un ubn-KyX-I Y--!-d-o-td A-[o-In-co-I \!- ubn-Ky-Xn ]-^--jn-bo--. ]o-p-Sm
P--\n Nn-H-e-Wyw \o-B-bo- u]n-
-un B-n-Wm A-[o-In-cw F-m
uNn-Zo-%-en-- A-[o-In-cw--So \o-ug[o--t-. b--eo-Zy B-cm ttI--S-o
e--uen A-e-co X-t A-Xo-t A-[oIn-c-=w H-H-o. b-Yn-Q-o H--e-t
D--\p-N-X|-o-t an-\-Z-7w A-bn-;-tS
P-w-tIn-- a-lo-m Cv-f|-c -2o-w a-\I-o--an-Wm eo-d-bo--u--Xm.-E-go-I-ujn-w, uZ-e-n-ucn-w, a--gyucn--- I-Sw ep--en Hn-ucn---w
\o-_-o-X-an-w b-w A--~o--Wta-m a-i-go Z-bn-\- h-c-h|-Xo A-o5n-b-t-o--m. f-cp-c-I-o, a-\-I-o,
24
488 24 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
B-Z-I-o F-p --eo-[ I-o-w D-

G-tXn-cn-%w b--o ]-t--nw.--ao-bo Pp-e-Pn-d--;-tS 84 d-w
P---I D--Xn-bo !-cn-W-hn-io-Xy-jo In-Wnw. 30 d-w tN-So-e-\-,
27 d-w #-ao-Ip-Sn-Zo C-k-P--, 9
d-w P-d-P--, 4 d-w -K b-,
Io--c uZ-e a--gy, 14 d-w ]-o-I
]-l-e-I A-o-t\ H-n-tI 84 d-w.
C-Xo a--gy H-ko-tI a-n-w 5-#-Xotb C-^-an-^w eo-I-d-an-%-o-. A-Xo\n b-w tN--en-- I-S-a \o-_-an-w a--gy-co an-^w \o-o--an-boco-%-. G--=w \- ua-[y-e---tj-an-^w
P-T-cn-lo-bo-ud-m h|nw-fp-I-co-m -go-
A-ua-[y--]-o !-lw-X-=- b--anWm a--gy. Cv h-Xyw A-lo-bn-=-
eo-uf-g-e-o-- a--gy a-do-\p-I-c-Wo-t\-Xo-cn-b --o X-n-dn-=w-eo[w b-Uo--Ww. Cv b-Uw X-t-bn-Wm
b-w. --o-w b--ta- A-Yw
No-d \-Io-e---m. b--en-N-I-fpw-tIn-m --u-w ]-l-bn-ta-m No-d
n-gy--jo In---m.A-b-o-ubn i-X-ecm N -e-o
-A(A-Y-e 12337) b-Po-n--e tF-f|cyw tI--e-\n-bo -eo-%w.--wo-bo \-S-%--tX-nw b--anWm. -cy X-]o-%--Hw, en- K-ao-%-Hw, P-dw H-?-!--Hw, A-lo P|-do-%--Hw
F-nw b--an-Wm. C-H-u]n-td -wobo-td A-eo-n-Py L-S-I-an-b a--gy-w
b-w A--~o-%-en I-S-t-o-co-%-.
a--gy h|-bw b-w tN--I an-â- A-uN-X-\ e-- A--~o-%-
b--t X|-co-X-t--K-I--So ue-Ww.
C-Xo--ue-o a--gy A--~o-%-
Hn-ucn 5-e-o-w E-W--2o-%-
D-]n-bw--So-bn-Wm. \o-Xy-=w Cv b-
- tN-n-tX B-cm -o-%--uen
A-e te-cw a-dw A-?-m -o-%-e-cn-tW-m a-in-n-c-X-o ]-l-o-co%-.-
]-Z-eo-m A-i-X e--I-->. A-Xo-\n

]-co-Xx-o-Xo-I-;-tS-w C-o-b--;-uS-w
A-So-a-I-jn-bo e-o-%--e-m b-P-an-\
]-Z-eo-m A-i-X D-n-bo-co-%--X-.
A-e-m Cv ]-e-\-an-b b--ue-Zo-bo
h|-w Pp-eo-X-t ]-eo-^-an-bo -om ue--eo-[-o A-o-%-en--
I-ko-em D-n-!-I-bo-. --o--l-n
b-P-an-\ C-o-b--;-tS ua eo-P-bw
u\-So-b-e-\n-bo-co--Ww.-C-o-b--tj e--Xo-bo \o-n-e b--ue-Zo-bo e-c--tX-
\o-ug-[w e-ho-~-t a-7-d-o D-m.-an-fo-T uZ-enx A-]o-Y-cm E-Xw-\x
-R--;-tS b--o-ud-m fo-T uZ-e
-n e-c--uX F-n-Wo-Xo-t hn-cw.
f-fmu\-\ Zo-ey-o C-Xo fo-T uZ-enx
fo-Tw-tIn-m I-jo-%--e F--Qan-Wm C-Xo-\m I-+o-o---Xm. ~-1-N-cy
\o-~ ]n-do-n- h-Zn-Nn-c-\o-c-X-n-c-n-e b--fn-d-bn-b !-Wy-ue-Zo-bo
5-ue-fo---tX--u^ C-Xo-\-Qw. C-ob--tj \o-b-o--\o-K-I-tb-u C-Xo\m A-Yw I-+o-u--H->.-~-1-N-cyw F- ]-Z-t f-co-bn-b
A-Y-o B-w eo-d-bo--o-n-Wnlo-. ~-1-Nn-co F- ]-Z-o-\m t]n-H-ue
eo-en-iw I-ko-n--bn F-tn-c-Qan-Wm _-*--co-]--=w I-+o- u]n--Xm. F-n ~-1-o N-co-%--bn
F- A-Y-=w A--ubn-Py-an-Wm. ~-1w
F- ]-Z-o-\m ue-Zw, A-lo-em, h-Xy-n\w F-t-nw D- A-Y-an-Wm D--Xm.
h-Zn-h-a-b-Kw ~-1-o-t N-cy-bo
-?-!--bn-jn-Wm ~-1-Nn-co. C-Xo-t
b-Yn-Q-A-Yw A-Y-F-ue-Z-o-td
~-1-N-cy -2-o 5-Xo-]n-Zo-%-m. Cv -2-o ~-1-N-cy-hw--m
A-Yw ]-l-o---Xm ~-1-t an-^w
Inw-o-m A-Xo-t 5n-o-tb an-^w A-od-go-m -ao-bo-w B-In-f-Kw -o-o-co(HSw)
- B-jn-Wm ~-1-Nn-co.[-cma-Po-n-h-an-\n-\nw 5--an-Ww ]-c-aw \--Xox
-A-i-\y-i-\o ub H G-Xn-\-#-X|n
--uX- -h|-bw uI-e-dw a-d-a-T-o
uX \-cnx-b-w tN--en-- A-[o-In-c-t-%-lom ]-l--un No-d In-cy- -So ]-cna-fo-n-tX e-. No-d ]-7o-X-n--tS
A-o-5n-b-o eo-en-io-X-cn-b !-^--
I-c- -So-n-u b-n-[o-In-c-->.
!--g-\m b-w tN--en p--tS
hn-o-yw A-\o-en-cy-an-Wm. C-Xo-in-h
In-ey-an-b cn-an-b-W-o A-f|-ua-[-bnKw \-S-K- [p-cn-a In--\-hp-X-tb
-wo- I-Y \--m -]-co-No-X-an-W-un.
F-n p-I-;-tS ]-Z-eo tte-Zo-I-In-dm e-j-tc u[-~-an-b \o-d-bo-dn-bo--.
B In-d-L--o 'AA-]n-d' F-
p-w '!--I-Ym hn-\o'o F- p-w
-n-eo-t hn-o-yw -Sn-tX X-t
bn-K--jo G-t---Xn-bo en-a-uZ-et a-7-d-o In--. C-m \nw
b-un-]-ep-X-=w ue-Z-=w ]-I-
\-In-tX J--cn-bo --!--t- p-Im A-n-d-m D--X-an-b ue-Z-eo-Zy-w
D-]-\-b-\-=w F-o-u\-tl ]-l-- b-w
tN--en-- A-lo-=w D-n-bo---Xn-bo
ue-Ww A--an-\o-%-en.-b-w tN-- ey-2o-tb B-Wnbn-w t]-Bn-bn-w b-P-an-\ F-n-Wm
eo-jo-n-c--Xm. C-Xm b-P-an-\ f-p-o-t
G-e-%w -]-co-No-X-an-b A-Y-an-Wm.
b-P-an-\ f-p-t a-tn- ep--W-uInWo \o-w eo-d-bo--o-bn G-tXo-w H-o-t\ \o-b-o-%--e F-un
A-Xo-t ua-d-[o-In-co-tb-un A-Yw
]-l-bnw. Pp-eo-X-ta- a-in-b--o
G-t-o-co-%--e-cn-Wm \nw Hn-ucn--w. B b--o-t \o-F-i-I-cn-b
C-o-b--uj-w A---c-W--uj-w
\o-b-o-%-en I-ko-=--e-cn-bo-co-%w
b-P-an-\-n. F-o an-^-ua H-cnm Cv Pp-eo-X b--o-t b-P-an-\
+xn 488 25
25
BNncyenWo (HS)
ueZ_
ueZ_
thZ_p kmlnXykhkzw
\uc
\ucg
g ncI
ncI 5Xo
Xo~n]\o
n]\o Ipko 5eo
eo%
ueZ_ ngn]T\ KuegW uIw

ueZ_
uI w 5ho
hopIco
pIco%
ueZ_ hnioXy h
ueZ_
hFh|w
h|w F ro
o \ow.
\o w.
1919 dnuinlotd Zbn\ ~n1aineoZyndbo X\o% do
D]\ogXm ]T\BnIjo em Xnlnob !cItj
ASon\to 1936 ueZ_fa F?Xo Xnlnob rw.
D]\ogXmm eoNncheh|w
D]\og
D]\ogotd 5Xo]nZyw
Xo]nZyw
tt^XeoueIw
tt
XeoueIw
D]\ogotd Jyanb 5Xo]nZyeog

bw ~1eoZybn!. 5#Xo, !g,
]canZn F anm dX|.
hXm F ]l otw I
h|]w, ucnou\w au cow
\o ueXoco hnnXmIconn
! u_n[anWun. ouw
hw_ot 5Infanm hXm
(h). Znf\oI ]congbo CXom
tt^Xh F u]coSnw.
ucn PpeoXuZiow Ce 1m DtH u\Xt. Fn Ce
AendwotIn1 uet]n\nen
anXoco Idoco%. ]nw te
=w Idntdu]ntdbnWoetS
dbw. ]nw te=w d]ZnQan
m. B Ido iwhw AXot
1m obnS ]n uetlw
tew uetlanbo ]oco tIn=w.
5#Xow !gw ]canZn=w ]ca
Kanb X|jnWun Cetb
ueXocon ]caiwhanûa
Iko. agyt\ ]caiwh\nn D]
\ogou\ hnaQy> F eX
alHm. FtIntn ]caiwh
\n!I tejouegtubn, u]cou\ubn
26
488 26 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
B[bob; AHm BZneot

Aeneoufgan!.
dX|ujw uetl
uetl Xocolobo%I D]\ogot
XnXm]cyw, FXnWun CeotS
5#Xw. CHm a\odnn\nbo wn
u]W H PpeoXuZitanw.
CXo c1 Incyw tXjo In
1m. Hm, duZiw. CXot\ \%m
ICtIn1 InWnw, ttItIn1
fonw. auHm, AXoo H
uNX\X. AXot\ \% InWnu\n,
tXnSnu\n Ikoo. Fow AXo
t ]lbn \neo. FtInt
n, \ntatnw Alouen
AtXnw AH ekonWloHm.
\tS uZiot tXjo=w tejo=w
B uNX\XuSXnm. eojoo
H Xoco FcoXo\n AH
5Infan=w, B Xoco AWun
Fnw AIncab=w B!wu]ntd,
fcpco\IKw H eoj%m Io
tnoco%w etc fcpc o Fn
tXjo=w Dnh=w eoj - \nw
ICtIn1 In, tNeotIn1
uI%, GtXow AwKw tXn
un XXmWw Alo, Fw
AIncao, FeouSw 5Infw Xt.

Fn AIK eoj%m AWn
Fnw Cjnm, he^ AIncw.
ICm BZyw XHXt, Fow
tXnndloo. Ct\ FtIn1m
hweo%? fcpcootd eoj%m
AWHtIn1nb ananWoHm. B
eoj%m PpenZnenm. B ttNX
\yw PpenZneouXnm. agy
h|noX|w h|nue\ nXw Xt.
Rntun Rn\otun B%w
uXnnlo.10 Bw foncao.
fcpcw 5#XotS ]coWnaan!.
5#Xo PUanm. Ppen ZnuNX\
an!. PU5#XouSw uNX\
PpenZneouw hwubnKot
dpdbntWnw. hwubnKw B
tN? AH tN hwubnKInco
5#Xoubn PpenZnuen An,
cow \o o=w, AXofb=w,
A[oI=anb f2ow, coo,
eyn=w AcnZn=anb ]canZnen
!. Ppew FuHXt. Fn
CtXt\ Dnbo, Ft\ !d,
Ft\ ]ndot- CtXnw
Rn Aloo. eof%un
RnC, Znio%un Rn !So
%, CXo\lw F\otnw Alo
eo. Fnw B ]canZf2oub
Alo>. Rn B ainf2o[p\
\nm ; Ino ]l% Icobod
u]ntd, B ainf2otS \obW
o Rn udnIbn^tN.
5#XouSw PpenZneuw ]can
Zneouw hwubnKan agy
Ppe\w; AXo\oncwom AXo\n
\oboXanbm, eo%. h|noX|w
anânm Ft Aew.
tt^Xw D]\ogm AXouXnb,
ttfdobo Ct\ eWo%-hZn
H uNoco% c1 ]oI
ao^jnm c1w H ?t
10
hcmueiynZnoX|w 5uXyXo, \ \niapXo

- ~1^fncngyw 1-1-1
BdoMmK\w tNtInoco%.
Aebo H No ]kw Xo
auHm Hw XontX u\no Cco%
u=.11 PpenZn=w ]canZn=anm
c1 ]oI. c1w uNX\an!.
?w fcpcanm. ]kw Ia^d=w
AHm Aeo%Hm PpenZn=an!.
Fnw hnobnbo u\notnoco
% ]canZnenm au ]o. 5#Xo,
!g (PpenZn=m), ]canZn=m
ouw hwubnKta tt^Xan
tWnw. w \oXyhIjn!.
5#Xo hKw, PpenZn hKw
NoKw ]canZn hKw NoKw B\
=an!. ucnow BZoa
=ao CetS eoueIw tIn1m ]can
Zneot\ hnnXmIconw. D]\og
ot ]caanb Dw hnnXm
Incan!.
5#Xo
XotS
tS ]coWnaw
?e PKKw PKotd Fn
Awf=w 5#XotS eoInc an!.
5#XotS fanb eoIncanm
wo. 5#XotS Aey2ne
\oeoufg=w A]coOo=an!.
AXo\n D]\ogm Aey2taw
d5#Xotbw 5#Xo% u]co. B
Aey2 (unmanifest) 5#Xobo ~1w
eyn]ooco%. 5#Xo ]canQo
PKot D]nZn\IncWanm. uejn
Idw ta\Xom D]ubnKo%
aCm Idot D]nZn\IncWan!.
Idta Xe!dndt\ B[bom
]w tIn=Hu]ntd Xw (hKw)
wneot\ B[bom ]w tIn=.
wnenm \oaoIncWw
(efficient cause). \oaoIncWw
hencynaobnb ]canZnen!.
Xubn\otbm Ego CXot\
11
Z|n ]cmWn hPn hJnbnhan\w ?w

]cogh|PnuX Xubnc\yx ]ojw h|nZ|y\
Tu\yn AoNnIfpXo - 7uIn]\ogXm 3. 1. 1
aw EuK|Zw 1. 164. 20 udXnm. 7I=w
IT(3.1)=w, uf|Xnf|Xc (4.6)=w, \o2(14.30)=w
AeoIdanbm Dco%1m.
+xn 488 27
27
an\epbw (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc g
tjmUikwkvImcw
hnan\y5IcWw
hnan\y
IcWw
uina?ob
uina
ob
BNa\w:- h|ow fnow Iko.
BNa\w:C\o b Iaw HSnw. huyn
]nh\boudHu]ntd CeotSw m
BNa\w h|nin Iko tNWw.
aw
w AuXn]
A uXn]cWaho
cWaho h|nin.. 1
w AuXn]o[n\aho
A uXn]o[n\aho h|nin.. 2
w hXyw bfx [pcm
pcmabo [px
px
[bXnw
bXnw h|nin..3
(Af|dnb\ [iy^w. 1. 14.12.21.22)
NHcm
cmYeo[o - A
Alyn[n\w
yn[n\w
Bug
ug tte Ia
Ialouin
ouin^ww +buX.
buX.
(tta. hwioX 1. 9. 4)
ueZobo hao[nNb\w \Sobom
Xntkl a DcotIn1m
thZ_p kmlnXykhkzw (HS)

eoufgooo1m. X;tS IncW
tanWun \naot AQw.
hX|cPaItj YW;tS
hnayne wKw ecntX 5#Xo
]coWnuanJanIboun. hnayne
(equilibrium) m h|bw eoNzXo hweo
bo. hnayneneoNzXo DnIntX
eoIncw \Sao. PpenZneot
unKow uanowueo
5#XotS ]coWnaw (eoIncw)
DnInta [ncW hwKX= a.
AXo\n 5#XotS eoIncom
atn IncWw Soub Xp.12
12
28
... ûbnYWnx hnay\neXo~an\nx

5[n\w, \ H XZ|yXoucuIW
488 28 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
\oXyw Alouin^w \SK Z|oPt

[io \om (~n1W ôb
ttefy) AlotIn1 eI. [hvn
KyeXoIjnb pIjnm AlotIn1
eucHm. AHm fnhX=w ]ccn
KX BNnc=anm. J [ijo
[iynloubn, Kni]Xynloubn,
Bie\pbnKm\oubn hZn Dn=I
bo. AHtInnm ~n1W[i
jo \om Alo ]I tIn1
een \oufo%Hm.]
AXohvIcyaonoSKm t\bm
eoj%tIn;o B Zp]o \om
I0cw tIn1m !7ot \%m
cm
Aob hao[IoSbo w cm
ex
ex h|x aw H XeW Deom
Alyn[n\w tNWw. b!7
\oaoIncWanb ]canZnem
hencynaobnm. AcynaotS
hP\h+w 5#Xobo
unn%. At\ ]coWna
5?o hoo%. XXm^danbo
unKyanb 5#Xo (=eo#Xo)w
un2nenb !gw (=PpenZn=w)
XXm 5ubnP\o\nbo,
]canZneot u5cW (=h+w)
danm hwubnPoHm.
(HSw)
5[n\hy 5ecmXIw \oecmXIw en
IooZm_niyau]yaeoXao
- ~1^fncngyw 2. 2. 3
ot a[yo Aoboco%
hao[IoSbo Aloem I0cw
Cm Alo P|doo%I. Alyn[n\w
\otIn1w A*Xo C tIn1w
\oeioWw.
aw
w cm
cm ex
ex h|cm Zyvcoe
Zyvcoenn
#Yoepeecoam
YoepeecoamWn.
Xhynu #Yoep
Xhynu
Yoep uZebP\o #u~
Aloo anZanZynbnZu[..
(b. 3.5)
nenYw:nenYw
:- xx ex
ex h|x = hehwcI
w, hoZn\ h|]w, ôudnI
woIn=anb ]canZneot
#]bn ao, Acow BInfw
Cebo oXanb ôeo[ AloI;w
bZ|ncn 5Zpano R%m
eof|anhIdw Jw \n Iko
anlnIt. ui Ke! an\oI=w,
fncpcoI=w, enNoI=anb Jw
R% 2anIt. f|c
wobnb cy eoZzXm, 5Xy
h|]anb Alo Cetb Zpann
\nbo b]obnb Alotb Rn
n]om u5nP|doo%. f|c
5Infn BInfw u]ntdw,
aioabn ao% Hdy=anm. uZeI
\oXy=w ba~o% ao%I
jo yanb Aoueo Fnw
o% Alotb Rn B[n\w
tN.
bw tNecojj AIo
tS cpIcWoueobnm
eyn,XoI (cm
cm ex
ex h|n) BZyw
Dco%Hm Kw, hXmIpoIcw,
hvcyw Fp f|cy5no%w
eyn,ZoI D]ubnKonc1m.
h+tjnw bot
dywSobnm.
anYw
nYw::- Zyvcoe
Zyvcoe= BInfo
5Info\o cyHdyw.
nn
= hef|cy2, #Yoepe
Yoepe=
eofnd=w eoX=anb #Yoeo%Hdyw,
ecoamW = B[bon ubnKyanb

hZmYW 2w, uZebP\o! =
Da]ucn]Inc Iaanb bw
tNeoZ|nn, AYen uZeHdycnb
aiK;tS uhe, hXmIncw,
Yoeo=hwKXpIcWw, Zn\w #Yoeo
ao (CeotS bueZo) Xhynx =
A5Xyanbo, BInfudnIo
eo%, uX #u~ = 5Xyanb
ap #~o (b!7o)
AnZynb = WubnKyanb A
]n\pbnbo, AnZam = Fneo[
A]n\pb]ZnY;w ]nIw
ox = 5ho\nb
tNX, Alox
Alo uZet\ B[n\w tNI.
(Ft\ Alo = Alox 5oubi...,
]neIufnNogw..., enIIcmu\
endo) (hnaueZw 1710, 1712) CZw ecmuNn
Alo\n... 5ZZnHua (AY. 19.37.1)
f|c agyucn]uZfo%Hm
"Aubn an\euc \o f|c
cNoXanb ôudnI%w D]Inco
bnb Alotb Incyhoonbo
\o;tS bUuntSnw D]ubnKo
%I (b. 3.5 nenYw)...
^pWouPynXpwgo
pWouPynXpwgo (Alo-en-cy)
CetS cNboXnem f|c\nm. 5]
ot hnd\ow ]ZnY
eoZytS D+o%w lo
Itjw bYneo[o AloI: (b. 8. 35)
CeotS Alotb uZe\nbo Pon\
]lHm. AlotS YWIa
PpeoXo ]Io f|c cN\
tS ecWpb=w u[~=w aiX|=w a\
odno h]ubnKw tNn\nm.
]aeo[o,
aeo[o, Alou
A ou5nP|d\w
nP|d\w
aw
w DZme[yhynu
[yhynul 5XoPn
XoPn[ipX|
ipX|
aowncu
ao
cu hMmuPYnabw N.
Aomm hZu
hZu
A[|qcom
A[|qc
eouf|uZen bPan\L
bPan\ hpZX..
nenYw:nenYw
:- 1) A~n\]cAYw
n\]cAYw::- Au
Aul
= ueZobo n]ot bnul!
+xn 488 29
29
DZme[yh| = \p \nbo Io
XoPn[io
io = 5uXyIw
P|donw 5XoPn
Xnlnt b hao[bn Io
DbI, X|am Abw N = Alobnb
\pw [i\nb Rnw (bPan\)
hwuPYnam
hw
uPYnam = \tnaom
cmuX
bUom hooonw, Cwncm
= CwJ;tS onbo
AYen Cw=w =anb Ia
h[u
\tnaom u\Snw. Aomm h[u
= baobo - uZe bP\p
Dc
m=
#Yoep ]pTo, A[o Dcom
CXow ainb Da hanPo,
eouf|uZen = heeoZ|nnw,
B!gnw, [naoIcnb
h \;w, Cwao^nZoI;w,
bPan\L = bPan\w, A[o hpZXm
bPan\
= A[oInc ew hoioXcnbo
Aeceianb ]o n\
jo Cco%. ]canZneot #]
bnw, Ft !WyIa^danw
B[n\w tNoco% ]eoânb
bnlo \nbo Io P|dom
CwIaw h^danobnw
Aubn Aul \nbo DWbm
5Zpanbnw.
2) ]canZ]canb
]can ]canb AYw:AYw:- ui!
uPynXoabp ]cuaf|c! Ft
,Zbo 5Infonw. AeoZyn
Inc]obnb \obo \ow
eoZyn]obnb 5Infoud% Ft
DWobnw AYen AeoZyn]anb
PnVyo \ow ueZeoZybn!
ttNX\yw \o Ft huNX\\no
bnw.
X|w Abw N = ui Ke! Am In=w, hwcIw, wn
=anb !geoufganm. Fn
agy][ncobnb Rn In=w
cmu =
un2n=anb Ppe\nm. Cwncm
[anYInauan]anb !gnY
hwuPYnam
uPYnam = ]ccw
nbo, hw
ubnPom bUonw. Ft\tbn
30
488 30 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
[anInauanhnaroI
obn%un Am Ft
Cwtj-Ina\Itj hooonw.
Ft CwIna\I;tS WXm
AtS #]nISnw A\oency
huef|cnanm. PKobnenb huef|cn
o\mhYu
Yu = Cm 5Xyp#X
Ao\m
anboco% 5]ow Ft
zcomm
fcpcow, Azc
= ]cudnIow !\Pow
eouf|uZenx= heeoZ|nnw, bPan\
eouf|uZenx
nw eoZybn 5ufnoXcnbo
hwcnbo Ppeo%H InWn
nKyw AtS #]bn F\o%
do%anlnIWw.
3) B
BZ]canb
]canb AYw
AYw::- Au
Aul = ui
!WynZ, hXyanb eoZytIn1
ufno% p!gnuc, DZme[yh|
= \o bYnXYanb hXy[atj
XoPn[ip
ip
AlonZco%I, 5XoPn
= FnetS AcwKotd
AIncaIo n\5Infw ]co
AetS uNX\tb DWKI, X|am N
Abw N = pbnb \o;w !g\nb
cmu = eoZ|n
Rnw uNm Cwncm
ntc hco%I, f|cncn[\,
hwKXpIcWw, hXyeoZynZn\w,
W_dw, ~1Ncyw, WnucnKyw
HSob Ppe\ eyeinco\nefyanb
hn[u\n]nh\I obnnw.
F5IncanuWn Alobodo%
KWanb ieom
Cwaow!wjnbo Aco Jw
\Hm. bInenb bPan\
bhnaro obn%Hm
AHu]ntd DaeoeniPpeoXw \
bo% p!gn udnIo
u[~ PpeoXw \boWw. (Zbn.
b. ngyw. 15. 54) Aomm = Cnd
PpeoXw (5Xyanb ean\
Dcom= neobow
PpeoXw), Dc
Bnw, [naoIeoZ|nnw, bw
tNew tNo%eanb YP\
p]ew
Uo. Iadnnbo
thZImehpw kv{XoIfpw
A-[yn-bw 10
-[-a-]-Uo
15. B--cm ua ]n-io 5n-Ww ua
]n-iy-]n-\w -ua ]n-io eyn-\w ua
]n-io N-E-cm ua ]n-io u[
u[n-^w ua
]n-io en-Nw ua ]o-\| a-u\n uaPp-\|n\|n-Zn-\w ua ]n-io
uPyn-Xo-cmua b-..
-n-en-Yw:w:- p-!--g-n ]-c--cw
F--t\ E-H-u-Z----h-co-m, ?-o-b--jo-t--u]n-In-tX o-c-an-bo
B-ucn-Ky-]-co-]n-d-\-=w ]-c--cw ttZ-\o-\ B-N-c-W--;w tN--W-ta-
]-l--. F-t B--w, 5n-W-w
A-]n-\-w, eyn-\-w \o-t I-o
-c-o-X-an-I-t. F-t u\-^--;w
u[n-^--;w eo-fo-gy F-t en-Wotb
e-o--ew 5-e-o-o-n \o-\-%
I-ko-b-t. eo-Zy--tS 5-In-f-n F-t
en-Wo h-Xy-n an--cy--c--Hw o-e=-an-I-t. F-t a-\-m J--an-o F-t
A--cn-Zn-eo-t\ -c-o-X-an-o F-\o%m h-Zme-o-w uX-P-w 5n--an-%-I.
a-n-Yw:w:- ui uZ-ep! ua = F-t, Bx=
Bot\, ]nio
]nio= c-o-%-I; N-E =
I-C-I, u[n--^w = tN-eo-I, C-e-w
c-o-%-I. en-Nw ]o-\|n=
|n F-t en-Wotb f-co-bn-b fo--W-o--tS
o-Km[-an-%-I, a-\x=
x a\m, Po-\|x
(HS)
B-Zn-\-am = a-\-o-t\ J--an-o F-t

h-uN-X-\-an-b B-Zn-eo-t\ c-o-%-I.
A--t\ eo-Zy--tS 5-In-f-n F-t
B-Zn-em 5-ufn-o--t.
-b-ueZobo No-Xo-]--%- h-ab-Km Z-f-5n-W--tj D-]-[n-\w tN--
ue-j-bo a--o-t eo-\o-ubn-Kw
In--. A-X--h-co-n-m D-F-S-w a-ip[-c-w n-gyw \o-e-io-o-co-%--Hm. Z-bn\- a--o-t uZ-e-X E-H-en-bo-t-an-\o-o-co-%-. F-n p, !--gu\-w !--g p-ub-w hw-u_n-[-\
tN---Xn-bn-m n-gy-c-N-\. C-eo-tS
p-% 5n--Jyw --X tIn--o-co-%-H p !-w-_nw-K--;-tS B-ucn-Kyw
E-H--;-tS ey-Xyn-h-a-lo- ]-co-]n-do-%-Xo--ue-o-bn-m.
16. b-an-b -X|n a-Jn-b X|n -c-hyX|n- X-]uh.
uZ-e-|n h-eo-Xn a-[|n-\-3
#-Yo-eynx h-Mm -f-hm ]nio.
B-cmNo-c-ho ufn-No-c-ho X-u]n
]nho..
(b--ue-Zw 37.11)
-n-en-Yw:w:- Zn-\-fp-d-w -f|-cy-en-an-b e-c \yn-bn--~n-\--%-ue-o
b-a \o-b-a--;-tS f-co-bn-b ]n-d-\-o-ue-o h-eo-Xn-en-b -f|-c-t\ hn-o
tjmUikwkvImcw (HS)
ujntanm hwanbo !gnY \o~anbo Ppeon IkobWw. AYen
Pow uanIndt ]cudnIow eouf|uZenx = Fn Cob;w
BZn=w DNoXanb cpXobo \o \tn PpeoXw, Aubn PKZpf|cn F\o%
(HSw)
\o AriouW. AXo\nbo Rn\p bnlo 5P|doo%.
+xn 488 31
31
\o-o e--en-bo \o-t h|p-I-co-o-co%-. -J-x-J--jo h-un-g-un-tS

-ao-uZ-eo-tb-un-td -an-fp-d-bn-bo 5-h e-Z-\-un-w a--c n-g-W-un-w
X-]o- \o-- ]-Xo-tb hn-|-\o-o-%-I.
In-c-Ww A-lo-H-dyw ]-eo-^-bn-b \o-t
X-j-K-en B-%w I-ko--I-bo-. [-ao~-bn-b \o-\--Xo--I-ko-w. u[-~-cn-b-e-tS x-J-\o-en-c-W-o-m, -w-cn-b-e-tc
x-Jo-o-w h|-bw x-Jw G-t--Kw \o-\%m I-aw tN-n I-ko-b-t.
-a-n-Yww::- ui uZ-ep! b-an-b = b-a-\o-b-a-n-bo, a-Jn-b = \yn-b-an-b A--~n\--jo--tS [-in-[-a b-w -o-bn%-en, h-eo-Xnx- uZ-e = -wo-I-n-=w
u5-c-I--an-b -f|-c, X|n
X|n= \o-t,
a-[|n A-\-3 = a--c-X-c-an-bo h-ay-Im
5-In-uc-W wKobnbo ubn-Po-o-o-co%-, #-Yo-eynx
ynx = eyn-e-in-co-I Pp-eo-Xn X-j- F-t ]n-Yo-e-f-cpcw, hw--fx = u-i--ew X-udn-So
]nio= B-f|-ho-o-%-I. I- A-cmNox
]nio
A-ho = \p P|n-d-bn-m. A-lo-P|n-d-I
]-eo-^-an-%--e-bn-m. I-p-I-co-%--Xnm. ufn-Nox A-hoo= I-j--c-io-X-w hwI---an- \p. X-]x A-ho = X-u]na-bo B-!- \p.
17. A-\n--wn !-c-n-Z-ul-cn-[o-]-Xy
B--cmua- Znx. !-^-e-Xp Z-o-W-X
C--hyn-[o-]-uXy 5-Pnw ua -Znx.
-g-Zn ]-Ln-Zm uZ-e-hy
h-eo-H-cn-[o-]-uXy N-E-cm ua -Znx.
B-\-Xo---c-uXn [n-Hcn-[o-]-uXy
cn-b-un-gw ua Znx.
eo--Xo--]-co-wn-Zm g-i--uXcn-[o]-Xy -uPn- ua Znx.
eo-f|-nuyn an \n-{n-y-hm ]n-io
a-u\n-c-f|n-ho.
-(b--ue-Zw 37. 12)
-n-en-Yw:w:- ui uZ-ep! -e-Zo-f-bo-td
D-Z-b--cy-\n-b A-lo--tS hn-o-[yo A-]-cn-Po-X-bn-b \p F-t Pp-e
-P-h|-d-an-&. Pp-e-Zn-b-I-an-b D-Z-b-
32
488 32 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
-cy-5-In-fw A--t D-+n-Zo-o-m

Pp-eo-e-K-o-m B--w --W-=w
-g-[-=w \--. \o-t A--e-uX-P-w
hn-ap-]y-=w F-u-H-an-^-an-m. Z-o-W
uZ-ft Z-o-Wn-b-\ -cyt A-[o]-Xo -C\nm. Ct f2o \ood
dp\anboco% B f-2o-bn
\p F-\o-%m 5-P-I-tj h-n-\o-%-I.
\--%m -cy-h-an-\ uX-P-h|o-I-jn-b h-Xo-]-c--c-tb -wo-n Z-o-Wn-b-\w
A-Xo-I--I-c-an-m. A-H-u]n-td X-t
e-gn-]n-X-n e-\--Xo-I-;w -g-[o
h-hy--;w h---an--n-!--Hm Z-oWn-b-\-o-dn-m. Z-o-Wn-b-\ -cy-c-WoI-;-tS 5-uXy-I f-2o \--tS !--%w D-n-e-t.
-]-Lo-a-Zo-f-bo A--ao-n
u]n-!- -cy-t A--W-e-Ww a--gyu\-^--jo-td uPyn-Xo---X e-o-o%--Xn-m. A-H-u]n-td F-t a-\-o-w
f-cp-c-o-w \p hw-J-o-ub-Io F-t
u\-^--tj Xp---jn-%-I. A--t\
I--eyn-I--ey--;-tS -fyw -K-anbo F-t I-Bo ]-Xo-b-t. D--cn-b-W
-cy-t A-[o-]-Xo-bn-b [n-Xn-em
ue-Z-fn---;-tS hw-c--I-w 5-Nn-c-I-
-an-m. ue-Z-fn--]n-cw-K-X-bn-b \p F-tw ue-Z-\-Xo-Xo-I-;-tS ]-T-\-]n-T-\-o-tS B-[yn-Zo-Iw, B-[o-v-Xo-Iw, B-[o
ttZeoIw F-p - ua-J-d-I-jo-w \o-nX-\n-%-I. A--co--o-X-an-b --Zof--tS A-[o-]-\n-b g-i--Xo a-yn-
-cy-t A-[o-]-Xo-bn-m. a-yn-
-cy [n-c-Wn f-2o--uS-w -P-o-tw 5--e-uI--an-m. A-H-u]n-td- fn-cp-coI-=w an-\o-I-=-an-b !-wo-w 5n-o-w
F-\o-% \p u\-So--c-Ww. A--t\
h-I-d-eo-[-]n-]-5-?-o-bo \o-w
x-Lo--I-jo \o-w F-t uan-No-o-m,
F-t a-\-n-!- !-Xo-c--tS I-So-n
\o-t I-o -c-o-X-an-&. F-t
,-Z-b-o-w a-\-o-w \o-t \---tS
5-In-f-=w, \o-t 5-h---]-=w \o-l-
\o--t. ---o A-lo-tb-un-td

Pp-e-Zn-b-I-=w, eo-Zz-Xm5-en-iw-u]n-td
(C-So-ao-) 5--P-\-\ uf-go-w, --cy-t
--fy-f-2o-w, -f|-c-t fn--u_n-[o-d-So--l- [n-c-Wn-f-2o-w, h--Zm
h--o-w, a-in-f-b-n-cn-b !--Wyn-Zn%mm F5Incw
F Incw B-Z-_-d-w \--uen A-H-u]n-td d--W--2-w -f|cy-e-Xo--an-b [-a-]-Uo h-a---J--;w

-n-eo--ue-o u\-Sotn%
otn%I.
I.
C-tXn-t p-I-jo \o- 5-Xp-o%- -n--n-%m A-e-tc hw-co-n-- -a-X-d--So--t-w ue-Zw
!--g-n-ucn-Sn-bo ]-l---1m.
-a-n-Yww::- ui uZ-ep! !-c-n-Xm = -e
-Zo-f, Io-k-%-Zo-%m, A-ul = -cyn-lo,
B-[o-]-uXy
Xy= A-[p-\-X-bo (e-o-co-%
-) A-\n--w = A-]-cn-Po-X B-bo-co%-, I = \p, ua = F-t, B-x =
Pp-eo-Xw, Znx = 5-Zn-\w tN-n-w, Z-o-WXx = Z-o-W Zo-f, C--hy=
y Z-o-Wn-b-\
-cy-t, B-[o-]-uXy=
Xy B-[o-]-Xy-o
p h--Xo D-+n-Z-\-uf(C--o-m) !-^-e-Xp=
Znx= 5-Zn-\w
go--, 5-Pnw = h-n-\w, Znx
tN--I, ]-Ln-Xm = ]-Lo-a-Zo-f--tS, h-eoHx uZ-e-hy = A--a-\ -cy-t, A-[o-o
]-uXy=
Xy B-[o-]-Xy-o-do--m, -g-Zn
= DXm#-w o-Xo---e, ua
ua= F-t,
N-Ex= -wo, u\-^w, Zn
Znxx= 5-Zn-\w tN-nnx = D--c-Zo-f-e-S-%-n-Kw,
w, D--c-Xnx
[n-Hx B-[o-]-uXy
Xy= D--cn-b-W -cy-t
A-[p-\-X-bo-do-co-%- en--eo-t\-un-td-\-Xox=
ox fn-- [-e-Ww tN-o-m, ua =
w -f|-cy h-F-\o-%m, cn-bx hm u]n-gw=
Znx== 5-Zn-\w tN-n-w, D-]-co-wn-Xm
o, Znx
= -cm[|n-Zo-f = -I-n-K-w g-i--uXx=
Xx
Xy= B-[o-]a-yn---cy-t B-[o-]-uXy=
ox = eo-uf-g-[n-c-Wn-ufXy-o, eo--Xox
x -P-hm, Zn
Zn= 5-Zn-\w
go----, -Px=
tN-n-w, eo-f|n-yx = h-a-, \n-wn-yx =
\n-f-I- -w-?-o-I-;w, -gmNo--I-;w, anw
]n-io=
o Ft c-o-n-w, ui uZ-ep!
I=, a-u\n
\n= (F-t) a-\-\-fp-d-t,
A-f|n
|n= --Xy-o-ud-%m \-bo-%-
A-f|w. A-ho=
o B-!- A-Y-en a-u\nx=
\nx
a-u\n-c-Y-t \o-b-o-%- A-f|-an-!-.
-So--Wo:o:- ui a--gy-uc! F-5-In-c-an-uWn
A-lo Pp-e-w, C-So-ao- 5-P-\-\-ufgo-w, -cy u\-^-;w, [n-c-Wn-In-en-b -f|-c -f|-cy h--Zmh-o-w, B--!--g-n _-d-=w f-2o-w
5-Zn\w tN--Hm A-H-u]n-td d--W-2-bn-b ]-Uo -!-w-_-u[-b-w h-a--J--;w \o--%-X--un A-e-tj hwc-o-u- I-S-a (]-Xo-) \o;-uS-Xn-m.
(Z-. b-. ngyw)
-h-eo-Xn-em _ue-Z-o 5-n-X-5uZng
jotd (D-Z-bn--a-\) -cy-t \n-a-an-m
heoXnem.
-DD-X-cn-^p---b-Xx ]-cp-b-uh (E-Km. 5. 81. 4)
-a-u\nx=
\nx= A-x-I-c-W-hy, A-f|n
|n== eyn-]oIn (Z-bn-\--n-gyw)
18. fo-en -e !--ug-uyn, uKn-uyn
A-uf|y- fo-enx.
nx.
fo-en-tt
tx h-cme-tt
t u-^n-b,
fo-en \ C-tti-[o..
(A-Y-e-ue-Zw 3. 28. 3)
-n-en-Yw:w:- ui uZ-ep- \p R--;-tS F-n
!w_nw-K--%w aw-K-j-In-co-Wo-bn-boco--t. [-\-[n-\y-n-e-c-Pw-K-a h-K-I-;w -K h--Kw \n-%-\n !-wo5n-]o-n \p In-c-W-an-I-t. R--;-tS
F-n I-a ua-J-d-I-jo-w \o-t -f|cyw tX-jo- \o--t. F-n-e-cn-w \p
!-I-M-t-Sn-\o-S-e-c-u.
-a-n-Yw:w:- !--ug-yx = !--g-n-%m,
fo-en -e = aw-K-j-5-Z-bn-bo-co--Ww-, uKnyx = -h|-o-w I--In-do h--o-w,
A-uf|-yy= !-Xo-c-I-%w en-i-\--%w
fo-en=
n I--Zn-bo-\o-bn-b c--I-bn-e-t,
A-tt
t
= , h-cme-tt
t = h-a-, u^n-b= I-a-a-7-d--jo-w, fo-en=
n I-dynW-In-co-bn-bo-co--t. A--t\ \--tS
[-in-[-aPp-eo-Xw F-n-e-%w
o B-bo-co--t,
B-\--I-c-w. G-Yo=
+xn 488 33
33
-eo--t.
19. -Mmi-h| uZ-eo #-Yo-eo h|--b-B--cp an-bn h|-[-bn #-Xn-ho.
--ww uZ-ue-y C-Z-a- i-ey-am
-A-co-wn X|--Zo-io b-u A-o-\m.
(bueZw 11. 69)
-n-en-Yw:w:- G-tXn- p-bn-uWn eo-en-iuf-gw -n-eo-u\n---So Pp-eo-%--Hm
A-e -e-o-ubn-tS h-XmIn-cy-
tN-n 5-b-Uo--Ww. C-w-ao-w-!-w-jn-b A--]n-\n-Zo-I [-n--ew
]n-Iw tN-m u-i--ew !-w-_nw-K
--% \-o B-ucn-Kyw In-K -o-Ww. eo-Zy-w eo-ue-I-=w -f|-c-eo-f|n-h=-- p !-w-_-o -f|-cy-=w h-an[n-\-=w \o-d-\o-o uZ|-g-uan tte-c-uan
-Sn-tX -J-an-bo Pp-eo-%w.
-a-n-Yww::- #-Yo-ep=
p= -ao-%-H-dyw, uZeo
uZeo=
eo-fnd--an-b eo-Zy-u\-So-b eo-Zyn-h--bn-b p, h|--ub = -J-h--o-%-uen
eof2obn,
o, h|-[-bn=h|w
B--cp = A--eo c-ao-%--e-cn-b,
-Jw C-w-t-- u]n-g-I-cn-b !--gn an-bnn= 5, eo--a-a-I-e--Xo-\nn ho-o-o-- I-ko-eo-t\ \o-t
bo, #-Xn=
-n-eo-t w-i-h|=
| D--Xo-n-boA-co-wn = iow-hn-c-io-X-an-bo, A-o\m=
b-u = [-in-[-a-b-o, D-ZmCio = 5-In-f-t--c-n,
-ww = b-Uo-%-, b- i-eo-n-bo
[-in[-a-o A--]n-\n-Zo-I
D-n-o !-w-_nw-K--;-tS u-i-=w
h-un-g-=w e-o-o-%-I.
-So--Wo:o:- w-i-h| = -io ?-v,
DZyaw hZn HS
S
tInuboco
tInuboco%
%I
h|--ub=
b= A-o-c-o--Po-Xx h|-o
(\o-. 3.22)
+A-o =h|-o.
an-bnn== 5-n (\o-L. 3. 9),

B--cp=
p= B--cnx A--a-x 5n-W-e-x
A--cn-Wn-ao-b-am,
B--cp
B-co-w = A-iow-ho-Xn (co-g_iow
hn-bn-am)
20. b-Xm uX \n-a -i-ew -5-Wp-uX
A--a-X. -Zn-
uX-\n u-u-\n b-w ]o-#-io
eo-f|-en-uc -c-bow u\n
u[-io --uK -ep-c-am.
-(A-Y-e-ue-Zw 7. 20. 4)
-n-en-Yw:
w:- D--a-=w \p-Xo--2-=-an-b
an-K-o--tS Pp-eo-%- A--ubn uZ-ep!
F-n-e-%w -J-=w fn-o-w Io---Xom A---d-Xp--an-\-ta--%- \o-t \n-a=w Ip-o-w F-w -Xy-i-an-m.
h-e-%w A-o-a-X-bn-bo D-Xm#-w
B-f-b- 5-?-o ]-Y-o tIn-1
e---H-tIn-1 X-t h-en-cn-[y-bn-
\p. \--tS [-in-[-a-b--t
-W-an-%-I. A--t\ hv-n-Ky-e-Xobn-b \o-t, a-in-n-w ep-c--an-b h-n\--jn \--tS !-dw [-\y-an-I-Ww.
-a-n-Yw:w:- -5-\p-uX=
X ui D--a
\p-Xo--u2 A--a-uX = A---d-Nobn F-n-e-%w B-cn-[y-bnb uZ-ep!
b-Xm = G-tXn-, uX -\n-am = \o-t \n-aw,
-i-ew = 5-Ip-o--t-Sn- ubn-Kyan-m. A--a-Xw = h-an-cn-[y, -Zn-=
D-Xm#-w-an-bo- Zn-\w \---e, uX-\ =
A-H--dw eo-f|-en-uc = eo-f|-u[-~-bn-b
h-I-d-h-ZmY-W--;w \o-l--e, \x
b-w = \--tS [-in-[-a-b--t,
]o-#-io = -W-an-%-I, -uK = ui
hv-n-Ky-e-Xp! \p. \x = \--%m, --ep-cw
= D-Xm#-w-w -f|-cy-fn-do-I-;-w [pc
an-b h-n-\--tj \-o !-d-a-io-a e-oo-n-w.
(HSw)
]-l--I, uI-%-I, ]-l--uI-o-%-I, ]-To-o-%-I, C-Xo-t-tb-nw ^-dw

ue-Z--jo-w ue-Zn---d-an-b-Xo-I-jo-w 5-Xo-]n-Zo-o--, [-a--tj B-N-co-%-I-bn-Wm.
A-Xo-\n agy [-an--~n-\-o h-Zn X-+-c-\n-bo-co--Ww.
34
488 34 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
]vcnWoINoI (HS)
B. ]--P-e-o, --S-
thZhpw thZmhpw
eoueIUnaWo
eoueI
UnaWo
u^n-Iw 49
-A-n-\-ubn-Kn-Xm ]-c-an-Z-\--e-iy-\n-Z-_---e G-e hw--Xox-X-ubn-cmeo-ue-uIn-Zo-X-u_n-[-e-o_
-c-n-\-In-cyw 5--Z-ui-Xm h--dw-]-Z--uZw:Zw:- A-n-\-ubn-Kn-Xm ]-c-an-Z-\x
X-e io A-\n-Z-_-x X-e G-e hw-Xox X-ubnx eo-ue-uIn-Zo-X-e-ox A-n\-In-cyw 5--Z-ui-Xm h--dw.-A-\|-bw:w:- ]-c-an-Z-\x X-e A-n-\-ubnKn-Xm io A-\n-Z _-x -e-Xo. X-Xx
G-e hw--Xox -e-Xo. X-ubnx eo-ue-uInZo-X-u_n-[-e-ox A-n-\-In-cyw h--dw
5--Z-ui-Xm.-A-Yw:w:- ]-c-an-Z-\x X-e = ]-c-an-Zn-en-b
\o-\-%m, A-n-\-ubn-Kn-Xm io =
A-n-\-un-- uN--tIn-1-X-tbn-m, A-\n-Z-_-x -e-Xo = A-\n-Zneo-u\n-- _-w -eo-o-co-%--Hm, X-Xx
G-e hw--Xox -e-Xo = A-Xo-\o--Xbnx A-e-t hw-hn-cw -eo-%-, X-ubnx=
tS (A-\n-Zn--;-tS) eo-ue-uIn-Zo-X-u_n[-e-ox = eo-ue-I-o-\o--Zo- u_n[-an-!- Xp, A-n-\-In-cyw h--dw
5--Z-ui-Xm = A-n-\-o-t In-cy-t
(^-d-t) ue-ucn-tS Z-io-o-%w.-\n-cn-b-W-Y--eo-t H- #-Xo-bn-m
'In-jp-\n-S-Iw'. A-Xm H-co- Y--!-do H- --\n-S-I-an-bo A-e-X-co-o%-I--n-bo. B \n-S-I-o --In-jo-tS n-Kw A-o-\-bo--H 5-h- F-
u]-cn-b H- t]-!-o B-bo--.
--o-td eo-In-ucn-P|-d-an-b n-Kw
e--un en-Zy-ua-j- D--o

-k-o. I-Xo-\n-te-So-I G-e-tc-w eo-lo-. -w tN--tIn-o-- t]-!-o
u_n-[w tI- Xn-tk-ep-. A--
Zo-e-hw C-uX -w \-S-%-un
B-]-tn-ko-en-n-\n-bo B n-Kw e-un -w tN--tIn-o-- t]!-o-tb 5-h-u, 5-h-u F- c-1
5n-e-fyw eo-jo-. ]o-p-Sm A-e-%-u_n[--bw D-n-bo-. X-ud-Zo-e-hw A-e
--In-jo-bn-tW- h|-b-ua eo-f|-ho-u]n-b-Xn-m u_n-[--b-o- In-c-Wan-b-Hm. ue-tln--X-c-o ]-l-n
A-n-\-ubn-K-n--n-b A-\n-Z-_w. H-cn-;-tS h-Xy-an-b h|--]w F-tm B-Zy-ua -ao-o-n A-bn-;-tS
ue-n- x-Jw an-lo-un-!w. C-eo-tS-bnI-t x-Jo-X-\n-bo X-t-b--K f-c-Ww
K-ao-%- fo-gy-t\ Y- H- In-cyw -aoo-%-- ui! \p ]-c-an-Zn-en-m. \p
5-h--bn-m, --In-jo-b- F- ]-l--H-u]n-td-- 5-ubn-Kw. tX-n-b Xn-XnZy--n-bn ue-n--tXn-t A--eo-u-o-e-w. \n-un-dw tI-o-bn
!-c- X-t Xp-c-Ww F- ]-l---Hu]n-td ]-c-an-Zn-en-bo--o-w a--gyun-dw tI-o e-n -% Np-e-I-w
I-C-H-S--I-w H-t tN--Ww.-uKn-eo--t A-b-]--K n-c-Xo
F- t]-!-o !-ul-\n-jn-bo Pp-eo-%-.
A-e-tj A-bn ]-d-un-?w I-o--1m.
A-e-;-tS -J-x-J--tjn-w A-bn
A-u\|-go-o-o-. H- Zo-e-hw A-e-tj
eo-en-iw I-ko- ep-o-tIn-1 e-.
+xn 488 35
35
A-e c-1-u!-cw H- !-Xo-b [n-c-W-m

A-So-a-I-jn-bo - Rn -n-em F-
uKn-e-\o--w Rn n-cy F- n-c-Xow. n-c-Xo H- H-o. uKn-eo--\o-td
-n-= tR-o-un-bo. A-un F-t
n-cy- ]-\o e--. A-H I-- P|-c-an-bop--uan? h-o-]n-X-uan a-un B-bn
F-t n-cy I-w-t-w. a-co- u]n-In--aoS--1m. C--t\-bn-m A-n-\-hw-ubnK-n A-\n-Z-_---n-bn hwhn-c-x-Jw D-S-td--%--Hm. A-5-In-c--
A-n-\-t H-ko-en-%--Xo-m eo-ueI-t D-o P|-do-o-u-o-bo-co-%-.-]---Xn-Z-I-an-b 5-]-w, B -X
-e---tj-tn-1-n-o-bo-- f-cp-cw,
A-Xo 5-e-o-%--Xn-b ]--5nW-n, a-\-m, e-o, A-i-n-cw C-tXnw A-\n-Zn-en-b u-^w an-^-an-m.
5-#-Xo--tS h-i-P-an-b 5-e--\-ttfdo-%m C-tXn-t F-un-?w eo-u[-b-an-boco-%w. A-eo-tS D-n-!-I, e-j--I, ]-co-Wao-%-I, -bo-%-I, \-fo-%-I, C-tX-nw
H-o--]o-l-tI H-n-bo e--tIn-1-X-tbo-co-%w. B-%w A-Xo-t\ X-S--en
I-ko--I-bo-. ]-co-in-c-ao-n--Xo-t\--o
x-Jo---Hm. C-5-In-cw a-\-o-t\ 5-u_n[o-o-%--Xn-bn A-H-tIn-1 eo-ue-Iw
D-n-!w. A-n-\-In-cy-an-b x-J-t
\o-ub-gw \-fo-o-%-en eo-ue-I-eo-% I-ko-w.-u^n-Iw 50
-fo-gyx D-en-N-#-]-bn ]--b-Xnw h|n-ao-\m,-5-uTnbw
bw ?o-o-b-uX a-bn-b---c-a-iw \--X|n-#-Xn-cmYx hynw -e--Jn-Xm.-]]-Z-u--Zw:w:- #--]-bn \--b-Xnw h|n-ao-\m
5-Tx A-bw ?o-o-b-uX a-bn b-Zm D--cw
A-iw \--X|n #--Xn-cmYx hynw -e--Jn-Xm.-A-\|-bw:w:- fo-gyx D-en-N-h|nh|n-ao-\m! #--]bn ]--b-Xnw. a-bn A-bw 5-Tx ?o-o-b-uX.
A-iw b-ZmD--cw -e--Jn-Xm \--X|n
#--Xn-cmYx hynw.-
36
488 36 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
-A-Yww::- fo-gyx D-en-N = fo-gy ]-l-,

h|n-ao-\m = h|n-ap, #--]-bn ]--b-Xnw =
#-]-ubn---So uI-n-w. a-bn A-bw 5-Tx
?o-o-b-uX = F-n 5-T tN--t-. A-iw b-Zm D--cw = Rn bn-tXno-t D--cw, -e--Jn-Xm \--X|n = A--tS -J-K-\o- uI-o-m, #--Xn-cmYx hynw
= #-Xn-Y B-bo -eo-%w.-ucn-K-o-\n- No-Io-e \-u--Hm.
fo-gy B-Zy-an-bo A-e-t\--ue-W-ta-
]-l-b-Ww. A-e uNn-Zo-%--H u[-b-n-%--Xn-tW- Y--eo--uXn-o-bn
A-un Y- A-Xo---cw ]-l-n
a-Xo. Y---n--tS ]n-7o-Xy-ta-nw
\o-udn-w ]-I--te-u- ]n-^-a-
fo-gy. X-\o-%-ue--H ue--an-Xo-co
uNn-Zo--en--en fo-gy h-a-Y-\n-boco--Ww.-u^n-Iw 51
-uIn-\n-a _-x-I-Y-ua-g B-K-Xx-I-Yw 5--Xo-~n-hy I-Yw eo-uan-x-uInhnIn hn-e-\n-Zn ]-c-ax I B-Zn
-X-ubn-cmeo-ue-Ix I-Y-ua-X--Ny-Xnw.]-Z-u--Zw:w:- Ix \n-a _-x I-Yw G-g
-]B-K-Xx I-Yw 5--Xo-~n A-hy I-Yw
eo-uanx Ix A-hv A-\n-Zn ]-c-ax Ix
B-Zn X-ubnx eo-ue-Ix I-Yw D-Ny-Xnw.-A-\|-bww::- _-x \n-a Ix? G-gx I-Yw
B-K-Xx? A-hy-5-Xo-~n I-Yw? eo-uan-x
I-Yw? A-hv A-\n-Zn Ix? ]-c-ax B-Zn
Ix? X-ubnx eo-ue-Ix I-Yw? G-X-Xm D-NyXnw.-A-Yww::- _-x \n-a Ix = _-w F-ntd-n-!-? G-gx I-Yw B-K-Xx = C-tX-t\ e---So? A-hy-5-Xo-~n I-Yw =
_-w o-c-5-Xo-~-tb 5n-]o-tX--t\? eo-uanx I-Yw = _-o-\o-w F--t\ uan-N-\w d-o-%w?
A-hv A-\n-Zn-Ix = A-\n-Zn-em
(]-c-an-Zn-em) F-n-!-? X-ubnx eo-ueIx I-Yw = A-e-tb ue-Xo-co--lo---tX-t\? G-X-Xm D-Ny-Xnw = C-^-w A-eo-
- ]-l--X-n-w.-an-bn-_-w D-n-!-un-ukn A-Xot tI-m C-c-Io-tn-o-co-%-un-ukn

Xn _--\n-tW-m B-w A-lo--o-.
Xn-n-do-I-an-bo D-n-!- -o-I-an-b
c-h-=w an-\-uhn-n-h-=w I-W-o-td-K-tIn-1m X-t h|n-X-y-t ue-tlncn-% eo-u[-b-an-%-. B h-a-bw Xn
]-c-X--\n-bo-p-- F- eo-Nn-c-ao-.
\o-d F-w -J-I-c-an-bo \p-1u]n-!--X-. !-l--I-ko--un Xn
]-c-e-f-w A-h|-X--w B-tW- u_n[y-an-!-. tN--t]-o-co-%- tI-Wobo-\o- \o-e-o-%-en [-ao-%-uncw tI- -c-!--uX-->. A-un an-^-anm _-w F--t\ e---So F-m
B-udn-No-%--Hm. a-\-o- Xo-co--lo-=n-!--Xo- --X-t _--\-o
A-I-t--u]n-!-. A-Xo-m A-bn-;-tS
h--X-tan-w B-e-fy-ao-. H-n-a-t
_-w H- f-cp-c-o e- A-Xo
_-o--t-o-co-%- F--H-X-t. f-cpc-o B--e-?, F--t\ \o-_-o-t-? F-t-nw uNn-Zo-u-nw. A-Xo-m
B--\o-I-fn-w \-- a-c-]-So--1m,
ue-Zn--fn-w \-- a-c-]-So--1m.
-H- Pp-e-\o-\o-u ue-tln-
Pp-e--n-!-->. H- uln-hn-t-So--tS
I-o-\o-m ue-tln- uln-hn-t-So, H-
]-b-lo-t eo-o-\o-w ue-tln- ]-b-ctN-So, H- uIn-ko--o-bo-\o-w ue-tln-
uIn-ko, H- -t-do-bo-\o-w ue-tln-
-t-do C--t\ ]-I--u]n-!--Xo-m
H- -K f-cp-cw D-n-bo-co--Ww.
-K-f-cp-c-t C-un 'Pp' F
Ppefnn eojo%. Pp
F- ]-l---Hm A-Xy-w -K-an-b
Pp-e-hw-r-i--]-an-m. B-\--tS
Pp-\o-t\ _n-do-t-So--tS Pp-\o
\o-un, !--eo--tS Pp-\o-t\ --]-o-tS Pp-\o-\o-un Xo-co--lo-bn I-kobo-. ]-c--c-bn A-u\-I-d-w Pp-eo-Ijo-&-So ]-I-- e-o---Xn-m -ucn
Pp-w. A-tXn-t-w A-Xo-t -e-Z-fbo F-B-a- -d-f-cp-c--tj B-en-hn-\-an-o-bo--1m. \--tS A--\o-\ow A--bo-\o-w A-e--tS Pp--I
A---tS K-n-b-o-te- I-d-
\--tS In-c-W f-cp-c-an-bo-p- \o-ao-go B Pp-e fn-cp-co-I-an-bo _--\o A-I-t--I-ko-. B-Zy-t
uIn-fw e-j---lo-m 2, 4, 8, 16 F-
I-W-o- eo-I-ho-%-en H-S-o-b-uXntS \--tS f-cp-c-_--=w -5-Xo-~o-X-anbo. In-c-W--]-o G-tX-nw A-e-be--;-tS [-a- eo-dp-\-an-bo---uen
A-tX-nw C-un -d--]w 5n-]o-
A-e-b-e--;-tS -K-f-2o-I-jn-bo 5-eo-%--Xo- \o-ubn-Ko--t-o-co-%-.
en-h-\n-P-\y-an-b Xn-+-cy- A-eb-e--tj D-W-o -J-x-Jn---e-
ttI-e-co-%--uXn-tS hw-n-c- \-t
-co- H-S--.-]n-Ln-Xy ]-l-- -K-f-cp-c-t
-Sn-tX ue-Zn-o-I A-Xo-u\-n
-K-X-c-an-bo-- In-c-W-f-cp-c-t--ow ]-l--. c-1m B-f-b--;w C-Wo-un-!--Xo- eo-ucn-[-ao-n--e-bnm. C--t\ f-cp-c-o e-m 5-Xo-~o-X\n-bo-p-- Pp-e-\n-I-t, 5-#-Xo--tS
h-X|w, c-P-m, X-a-m F-p Y-W--%w
#-Ymeo, P-dw, A-lo, en-, B-In-fw
F-p -X--%w 5n-W, A-]n-\,
D-Zn-\, eyn-\, h-an-\ F-p 5n-W-%w eo-u[-b-\n-bo f-cp-c-\n-fw e--H-e-tc Pp-eo-u-o-e---Xo-\n
C-eo-tS ]-l-b-t-- _-w \o-n-c-an-b
H--.
C-eo-tS uNn-Zy-I-n-en-b fo-gy
H- ]-So--So -un- u]n-!-.
-K-f-cp-c-o-w A-Xo-t ]o-o-dn-boco-%- In-c-W-f-cp-c-o-w \o-e-ho-%-Xn-b B-Zn-em B-cn-m? h-I-d-Pp-e--X-jo-w e-o-%--Xn-b No-Xm eo-dn-han-m eo-eo-[ f-cp-c--jo eo-eo-[ ey-2oI-jn-bo C-co-%--tX-o H-m F--t\
+xn 488 37
37
CXoinhhap (HS)
ueZ5Infm
ueZ
Infm
hnZpc\oXn
(]7om [p~ocapanwhItS ngy#XotS h|X XPa)
A[ynbw H
Hmm
-Z|n eo-av I--Iv Xp-Hv f-cp-c-]-co-ufn-go-Wv.-b-Ln-[-\x In-a-b-uX b- !--]y-Xy-\o-f|-cx.. 1.61
c-1 -=-I;w X-l- f-cp-cw -W-an-w \-fo--t--.-[-\-ip-\-t -cn-r-i-=w, A-h-a-Y-t u?n-[-=w-.
-]-Zn-Yw:w:- C-av = , Z|v = c-m, I-Iv = -=-I, Xp-Hv = Xp-@-an-bo,

f-cp-c-]-co-ufn-go-Wv = fp-cp-c-ufn-g-Ww
tN--, bx = G-tXn-o-t\, N = -Sn-tX,
A-[-\x = [-\-c-io-X-\n-bo, In-a-b-uX =
C-o--tIn-u-bo-co-%-I, bx = G-tXno-t\, N = -Sn-tX, !--]y-Xo = uIn-]o-
tIn-u-bo-co-%-I, A-\p-f|-cx = A-h-a-Yw -f|-cy-c-io-X--an-bo.
-eyn-Jyn-\ww::- A--ubn cn-Pn-ue! udnI-m c-m -=-I f-cp-c-t-ufn-go-om \-fo-o-%--e-bn-Wm. H-m [-\-ip-\-\nbo-co-%-I-w e-do-b-e-do-b B-r-i--tj
h|-+w In---Hw, c-n-a-Xn-bo A-ha-Y-\n-bo-co-t @--\n-bo-an-c--Hw.
[-u-b-an-Wm e-co-I. a-\-m, No-,
5-?-o, f-cp-cw F-o-e--tS _--an-Wm
C-eo-tS 5-I-S-an-!--Xm. f-cp-c-t -J-athZhpw thZmhpw (HS)
]-d-Xn-bo Xp-? ]-d-Xo X-t,

H- ue-tln-o-u\n-tS--t\ _--t-oco%-? f-cp-c-e-o-bn-b Pp-e h-awo-bn-b ]-c-an-Zn-eo \o- F--t\
ue-t]-o-co-%-? ]-c-an-Zn-eo-t\-w Ppen-Zn-eo-t\-w G-H-d--Ww tIn-1 Xoco--lo-b-Ww? C-tXn-t-bn-m eo-Z|n-\n-
38
488 38 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
b-an-o-bn an-^-ua a--gy fn--No-\n-=--> F-n-Wm G-e-w I--H-Xm, F-n A-Xm hn-[y-a-. In-c-Ww
a-\-n-Wm f-cp-c-o-t --ma-n-ew. f-cpc-ufn-g-Ww f-cp-c-u]n-g-Ww F-o-e
hn-[o-%--Xm a-\-o-t ufn-g-W-u]n-g
-W--jn-dn-Wm. ucn-Ko-bn-Wm F-m a-\-om u_n-[y-t- I-ko-n ]o-t
_n-iy-f-cp-cw A-Xm 5-I-S-an-%-I-an-^-ua
tN--->. A-H-tIn-n-Wm eo--c,
u^n-I-o ]-l---Xm, f-cp-c-t ufngo-o-%- c-1 -=-I-jn-Wm bn-Yn-Yy-an- h|-+w-In-W-w, u?n-[w e-j-K-
\o-cn-f--ta-m. a-\-o-t\ _n-[o-%-Xn-Wm c-1w F-n A-Xm f-cp-c-t
ufn-go-o-%--Xn-bo -eo-%-. X-t
]--do-n--Xo-t\ h|-+w In---e
f-cp-c-t ufn-go-o-%-I-an-^-ua tN-.
b fo-gy uNn-Zo-%--Hm. !-o a-gy-t ]o-Xn-en-tW- ]-l---H-u]n-td
\- fo-gy \- Y--eo-t\ -wo-%-
F- ]-l-bnw. cn-Pn-eo-t-b--K I-w-t-
tN-o-m !--j- Zn-\-an-bo uNn-Zo--Hm F-tn- ]-k-tan-ko--1m. A-H-u]n-td
dv-Io-I-an-b 5-T--%-ue-o Y--eot-b--K u]n-!--Hw \o-y-an-m. (H--S-w)
h|-+w No-d-tc-o-w I--Hw u]n-td a-gy-m 5-Xyn-f--tS Io-c-W-an-Wm. F-n

D-l--un \nw I-- h|-+w bn-YnYy-a-. a-lo-m \-u -J-an-bo D-l-n
uf-go---Xn-e-Ww h|-+w. _-d-ip-\-an-b
a-\-o-t h|-+w \--tS \o--ub \-w-an%--Xn-Wm, Pn-r-Zn-e--tb ]o-H-S--Xn-Wm. h-Xy-o f-2-an-b a-\-m
D-W-m h--co-%-un \nw In-uW-Xn-Wm h|-+-. A-Xo-m f-2-an-b I-a_---m. B h|-+- bn-Yn-Yy-u_n[-n P-\o-u--Hw -o-I-co--t--H-an-Wm. f-2-an-b a-\-m C-o-%--Xm
5-e-o-]-Y-o-td-o-%-en B
h|-+- h-in-b-I-an-!w. F-n C-eotS f-cp-c-ufn-g-W-o-m an-^w D-X-!-
a-\-o-t Zv-_-dy-o \o-w \o-neo-ip-\-an-b cn-ô-I-tj h-n-\o-%-
No--I-jn-Wm A-[-\-In-a--jn-bo a-nc--Xm.
A-Xm f-cp-c-o X-l-- -=-I-uj-untd-bn-Wm. fn-n-\-n-e--tb w-Kt--K-en ue-o an-^w -wo--t--
Xn-Wm. -=-I A-Xm X-l--t-

I-ko-n fn--X-bo-n-tX \nw A-dw. ]o-t \--m I-aw tN-n-- h-an[n-\w X-t \-w-an-!-. X-l- -o-dn!w [-. A-Xo-\n A--ubn cn-Pn-ue!
Z-co--L a-in-a-\x F-n-Wm \o-b-aw. Zn-coy-n a-i-n-b a-\-o-t\ [-\o-I-\n
-n-tX-bo-co-%-I. bn-Yyn-Yy-u_n-[w
\-w-t--o Zo-en-h|-+--tj In-Wn-tXbo-co-%-I. -f|-cy-c-io-X-\n-bo A-hn-aYy-t 5n-]o-m @--\n-en-tX-bo-co-%-I.
C-e c-1w a-c-Ww X-t-bn-Wm, f-cp-cufn-g-W-o--tS u\-- a-c-Ww. A[\
Inaobnb ucyn[\ ]n7etS
[\t So cnriuntS 5n]on
\nrio%, f|ct \foo
% ]c[\t XyPo%en
AhnaYyn ]n7eucnm
@\n!Iw tN. Hw f|cy
an! eoPbo\nbo h|+w
In eoobnw eo%
ucyn[\]oXnem.
-Z|neo-av \ eocnuPuX eo]cpuX\ IcmaWn.[iL

L \ocncamx IncyewttLe
Incyewtt e -oEIx..
o Ix.. 1.62
eo]cpXIanNcWjn Cecoew h^dXtb 5n]o%o
DZyaujtn DZnhp\\nb [iw, InayIaj~o% hynhow..
]-Zn-Yw:w:- C-av = C-e, Z|v = C--e%w, eo-o-cn-uP-uX = ufn--\-an-b eo-P-b-5no, \ = C-, eo-]-cp-uX-\ = eo-]-cp-X-\o-cn-c-amx
jn-b, Icma-Wn = I-a--jn, -\o= D-Zy-a--tj B-cw-o-n-tX D-Zn-hp-\-\nbo-co-%-, [--i-x = !-w-_-\n-Y-w, N
= -Sn-tX, In-cy-en-\m = udn-I-hw-r-i-Ino-E-Ix = h-ynay-I-a--j--~o-%-, -oho-w.
-eyn-Jyn-\w:w:- A--ubn cn-Pn-ue! C-e C-- udn-I-m ufn--\-an-b eo-P-b-t
5n-]o-n--e-cn-Wm, h-^-d-an-n--ecn-Wm F--lo--I. D-Zn-hp-\-cn-bo---H
tIn-m h-Zm 5-?-o-I-uj-t--n-tX
a-So-b-n-cn-bo [-i-n-[-a-o Pp-eo
-%--e-w, \o-ln-a-n-e-t Xy-Po-m In-ay-
I-a---~o-%- h-yn-ho-an-w ]-cnPo-X-cn-bo--t -eo-%-. -X-cn-{cn-Wo-eo-tS D-Zn-hp-\-X--tS 5-Xp-Iw.

[-i-n-[-a-[-a-t ]-co-]n-do-u-
-X-cn-{ Iv-c-e--uS-w ]n-7-e--uS-w
u-a-o-\n-bo \o-d-tI-u-o-bo--.
]n-7-e--tS A-e-In-f--uj-w Iv-c-e-tS I--ey--uj-w ]-co-]n-do-%-en
[-n-en-\n-ue- -X-cn-{ D-Zn-hp-\\n-bo X-t D-Zy-a-o \o-w A-d-hX-bn ]o-n-lo-b-Xn-Wm A-e--m
In-c-Ww. [-i-o-td I-d-i-\o-en-c-Ww
!-w-_-\n-Y-t I--ey-an-Wm. H- en-m
-ucyn-[-\-u\n-Sm D-co-bn-Sn-tX D-Zn-hp-\-anbo eo-]-cp-X-[-a-t ]n-do- ]o-Xn-eo-m
h-^-d-an-uI- eo-P-b-o-\n-bo F-n-Wm
+xn 488 39
39
tN--en I-ko--I. H-w I-ko-bo- ]-cnP-b-t 5n-]o-%-en-u\ I-ko-. Xn

\o-w-K-\n-tW-w -ucyn-[-\-\n-Wm
F-nw tN---tX-w H- n-ew -X-cn{-%-m. A-eo-tS-w -X-cn-{-]-w
ufn--\-a- F-n-Wm In-cy-ew-ttLt -e
-o-E-Ix. F- 5-ubn-K-n eo--c
n-]o-%--Xm. In-c-Ww h-yn-ho-m
-m G-g-W-I ]n-So-. !-tt^-g-W,
eo-tt-g-W, udn-ttI-g-W F-p -m
B-r-i--tj ]-co-Xyn-Kw tN--e-u
h-yn-h-[-aw ]-co-]n-do-n hn-[o-&.
-ucyn-[-t\- !-^-u\n-- (!-u^-g-W)
A--an-b en-e-dyn-r-iw \o-ao-w,
]n7-e--tS eo--h--o-t\-&-So
(eo-tt-g-W) A-[n-ao-I-an-bo Iv-c-e-]-m D-l-o-m \o-n-en-- -cn-r-ian-bo -eo-%-. F-n A-Xo-w e-do-b
Iv-f-d-an-b (udn-ttI-g-W) \o-w-K-X|w
5-Jyn-]o--dn-Wm -ucyn-[-\-t\ cn-Pyn-[oIn-cw G-+o-m ]o-n-lo-bo-co-%- ?-\n-Wm -X-cn-{ F-m udn-I-h-a-w

u_n-[o-o-n [-ao-%--Xm. h|-P-\
-]--]n-Xw, t]n-H-[-\-a-]-i-co-,
P-\-5p-Xo-5p-W-\w F-o-e-bn-Wm
cn-Pn-eo-m hw--eo---Xn- G-g-W-I.
P-\--;-tS C-S-bo-- X-t 5-f-o-%m
D-S-=-n-I--Xm F-w A-Xm 5-b-Uo-m
e-o-o-u--Xn-Wm F-m I--Xo
tN-- F-n Iv-f-d-5-e-o-I-;w
udn-ttI-g-W-bn-Wm. cn-Pn-=w h-yn-how ]-c-[-\-t ttI-In-cyw tN---e-cnI-bn -m G-g-W-I-uj-w Xy-Pou--e-cn-Wm. [-i--\n-I-t C-e-tb
[n-ao-I-an-bo ]-co-]n-do-u--H-an-Wm.
5-P, -eyw, Ip-o F-o-e-tb [n-ao-Ian-bo e-o-o-%-en-w hw-c-o-%-en-w
ue- 5-e--\-o G-t---Xn-Wm
[-i-n-[-ao--tS ]-c-a-an-b [-aw.
-Z|neo-av !
!gv
gv cnP\m h|cmKuhyn]co Xo~Xx.
Xo Xx.
5L abn u2nn ZcoL
5
Zco
5Zn\en\m
Zn\en\m.. 1.63
an\etS h|cmK5nobo Aubn cnPnue! Cecoew 5YaKW\pbt
5X|o haYcnboow afpdcnbew \o[\cnboco%un?w
Zn\[aw teSobnew.
]-Zn-Yw:w:- C-av = C-e, Z|v = C--e-w,

cn-P-\m = A--ubn cn-Pn-ue!, h|-cmK-hy
= h|-K-o, D-]-co = -I-jo, (H-na-cn-bo), Xo-~-Xx = \o-d-tIn-=-, 5-
= h-a-Y, N = -Sn-tX, -a-bn = -atb, -2x = ]-co-]n-do-%--e, Z-co-x =
[-\-c-io-X, N = -Sn-tX, 5--Zn-\-en-\m =
\--en-- a-\- te-So-bn--e.
eyn-Jyn-\w:w:- A--ubn -X-cn-{-cn-P,
-f|-cy--;-tS eo-j-\o-d-an-b h|-K-udnI-m a--gy-cn-b C-e 5-f--w 5-Y-aK-W-\p-b--an-!-. A-e a-n--a-, F-ow h-a-Y-cn-bo--n-w -an-fp-d-t
]n-do-%--e-w, X--;-tS uf-go-tb Z-co-an-%w eo-[w Zn-\w tN---e-w B-Wm.
h|-K-udn-I-m C-e 5-Y-a-K-W-\p-b-Xt-bn-Wm. ]n-7-e--tS I-ko-eo-t\
40
488 40 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
-bn-Wm C-eo-tS ey-2-an-%--Xm. -anfp-dw tIn-n-Wm -[p-~o-c h|-K

-ud-nI-m 5-f-o-u\-So-bo-co-%--Xm. -a
_-d-ip-\-X--tS 5-Xp-I-an-bo In---Xm
-V-n-cn-Wm. e-o-an-n-cn-b uZ-e-n
-a-tb X--;-tS an-J-n-\-n-Wm
5-Xo-~o-%--Xm. A-H-tIn-m -an-fp-d--e uZ-e-n-co 5-Y-a-n-\w ttI-e-co%-. -a--tS 5-Xp-I-an-Wm Zn-\w. Zn-\w
en---e--tS h-un-gw 5-b-U-n
B-\-bo--t---X-. d-o-%--Xo-td
h|n-n-eo-I h-un-gw an-^-an-Wm. a-lo-m
Zn-\w tN---bn h-un-go-%-t-o
A-eo-tS-bn-Wm -an-fp-dw 5-I-S-an-!-Xm. -a C-n-tX-bn-Wm Zn-\w A--~o%--tX-o A-Xm h|n-ap-n-e-o--
eo-X-c-Ww an-^-ua B-!-->. eo-Zy-tb
IpI
BfwhI!!!
[p-p--d-\-K-cw2014 P--e-co H-nw-Xp-b-Xo tte-!-u-cw
C-S--o, tta-dn-j-Km fo-e-u-^-h-o[o-bo-e-m B-g-\n-Z-o-t [-a-^-d-anbo hw-L-So-o- r--5-In-f-\--S-o,
-f|-c-#-]-bn ]-t--n I-ko-
hn- Pp-e-t B-Zo-b-h-un-g-=w
#-Xn-Y-X-w !-lo-o--tS B-g-\nZ-o-m h-a-o-%-. Xo-I-w ey-Xy-an-b cp-Xobo, -W--2o-ubn-w,
A--S--un-w 5--X-I-a-o-t
A--~n-\-cp-Xo-I B-udn-N-\n--X--;w
A--I-c-Wn-Z-I-=-an-bo A---e-t-.
h--\--;-tS fpd- I-1-]-To-n
P-\--%- eo--J-X-tb-%-lo-un-Kw
eyn-!-d-X C-n-Xo-. C--td e-tc tN-
I-a- \--Xn-tW-w, C- tN--e-tb-nw n-eo \---ue-o-bn-tW-w,
F-nw -f|-c-I-+o-X-an-tW-w -Wu_n-[y-un-tS, Pp-eo-Xw [-\y-an-n,
Pp-en-Zn--%m C--cw hw-cw--
5-uNn-Z-\-an-I-t F-w B-fw-ho-%-.
M.S.i-co-uKn-eo--f-a,
-So-u-n-uc-o-e-- ]n-Io-n-\o
_w-un-uZ-fo io-=w Zb\pbJuntS
\tS o \oun, ô-e-Ww
e-c---e-w, -e--tIn-1m A-S-bn-j-
Xp-%--e-w, In-eo--tSa-i-X|w ]-l--e-w, D-l-t -co-bo-- udnIw
hnan[n\ WanIt-' F Bfwh
a-i-go Z-bn-\- h-c-h|-Xo In-Wo-X- 5n-Y-\bn an^w P\ou
XnWm Flo hunganWm
ecoI!looXm.. "ui an-J--ua R-tj te-c-%--e-tc R--tj \-fo-o-n
u\n-%--e-tc R--tj A-So-a-t--n
te---e-tc a-\--tIn-un B--[w-tInun un-io-n H--t---e-tc h-dw \-fo-o-n-w" 5n-Y-\ n-c-XanXn-eo-t -co-]-w a--;w D-tIn=
Indu a-tn- n-c-X-t \--m h|+w
InWn Iko.
--K-!--g--c-Wn--do-m e--\w
]o. F. N
NufJcency,
ufJcency, aWInSm
n-c-X-o-t A-[x-]-X-\-In-c-W-
No-o-m I-t-o A-e-m a-c-a--t-
\o-d-bo a-in a-\p-go-I-tj-nw B-cw-o-
F-n 5-n-\--;w d-yw In-Wn-tX
A-Y-en d-yw -o-bn-n-tX a-al- u]n-!--Xn-Wm N-co-^-o In-en I-ko---Xm. -f|-c-In--Wyw H-
tIn-1-an-^w \o-d-tIn-=- H-n-bn-Wm
C-m \nw n-c-X-o-t \--I-tj eo-d-bo-u--Xm. ue-Z--;w D-]-\o-g-K-I-;w
Z-f-\--;w !-cn-W--;w F-nw F-nw
F--t\-tbn--ubn \o-d-\o--u]n-!-
F--n-tX F--t\ A-e hw-c-o--t- F---Xm A-Zm-Xn-e-iw X-t-bn-
tX-o-\o-bo-td ]--!-m'
So.!anc,
So.
anc, !w!lw
lw adlw
ad lw
-B-g-\n-Zw 487 d--o-td -tX-o-\o-botd ]--!-m' hn-[n-c-W-n-c-\n-b F-\om e-j-tc-ub-tl No-o-n C-S\-o-b
]--!-n-bo--. [p-c-P-en-n--tS I-?m A-c-Kw, I-C-I -c-o-tb--Kw
n-c-X-h-n-co-m tIn--%- ]n-Im ]-n-j=w, io-jn-b In-Wp-co]-7o-e-Itj
A-So-un-So-%- H--]-w In-Wp-coXp@
enZoI;w, io-enbo P\oXotw
PpeoXotw- u]-co \n-w ep-w eo-m
hnZpc\oXn
Zn-\w tN---e-co-w h|p-I-co-%--e-co-w -a-bn-Wm eo-\-b-n-e-o 5-I-S-an-!--Xm.
-ucyn-[-\ a-ubn-tS-b- Zn-\w tN---Xm. eo-X-c-Ww an-^-an-Wm tN---Xm. F-n-e%w e-j-tc-b-[o-Iw Uw-un-tS \---e-\n-Wm -ucyn-[-\. uX-cm tX-jo-u- I-W-m
cn-Pn-[o-In-cw X-t \-o-b-bn-jn-Wm -ucyn-[-\, F-o-udn -an-fp-d-ao-n--Xo-\n
A-m rn-aw \-o-bo--t-o ue- A-m ep-tS-o-w \-o ]n-7-e--an-- -w
(HSw)
H-koen-n-an-bo--. A-Hw -an-fp-d-ao-n--Xo-\n I-ko-o-.
+xn 488 41
41
uNnZyw
\o;w
Dcw
KvXaw
tNmtZymc
u]n%InUo am{Xw wanbo uNnZyta?Xo
KvXa Bg\nZw X]nt]o28 tN689 121 F eodnhodb%I.
D-o-w--2w
-[p. --uI-gm ]o.-Uo. uIn--bw
? A-Y-cme-ue-Z-o-td D-o-w--2w -F-nWm A-Y-an-%--Xm? D-o-w-K-W-]-Xo

h--+w A-H-an-bo _--t--Xn-uWn?
D-o-w-K-W-]-Xo-tb Xn-o-I-r--an-b
--bn-a-j-o e-Wo-%--m. A-uX
-u]n-td D-o-w N-7n-do-\o F- h--+=w X--o In-Wnw. F-o C-w-t--e-cn-W-u^ uZ-e-X-I.
= A-Y-e-ue-Z-o-td 11-nw In-7-o-td
7-nw -2-an-Wm D-o-w--2w F-m 5-ho-an-bo-co-%--Xm. C-Xo 27 a---jn-Wm
D--Xm. E-go A-Y-e-w, uZ-e-X D-o-ww. D-o-uw \n-a -]w F- H-S--
-2w h-cmue Zo-eouZ-enZo-eo-[o-Xx F-e-hn-\o-%-. t]n-H-ue A-Y-e-ue-Za---tj-tb-nw X-t F-o-do \o-d\o-n --bn-a-j-Xn-o-I-an-^-a-
!-cn-W-ue-Z-ue-n- X-t [-ao-om. ue-Z-^-b-o A-Y-ew C-t-
[n-c-W e-do-b ue-Z-]-7oX-n X-t
5-N-co-o-o-co-%- C-n-d-m F-o-dow-t-- uZ-e-X-I-tj&-So I-t-o
A-Y--e-o 5-Xo-~o-o-t-o-d-u
A-Zm-X-->. A-Y-e-o-td -2w C-&-
IpI
-m 5o-b-t--Xn-!--Xo-t ]o-o-td
N-co-^w C-eo-tS ]-l--e-hn-\o-o-%-en
I-ko-bn--Xn-Wm F-m an-^w -ao-o
-t. ue-Z-eo-Zy-bn-Wm ue-Z-^-bp-tb-w,
B ^-bp-eo-Zy--So-n-\w E-m b--m
hn-aw A-Y-ew F-p \n-dm ue-Z--jntW-w -So ]-l--uf-gw \--m F-odo-t --bn-a-j-!-cn-W-o-ud-m e-cnw.
-tte-Zo-I -f|-c-h|--]-t-w tte-Zo-I
uZ-e-Xn-h--+-t-w a-\o-dn-n-tX
\nw D-o-w-h|--]--2-t A-u\|-goo-m In-cy-ao-. -f|-c -f|-cy-]-Xobn-Wm. F-n -f|-cy--;w -f|-c-u-Xm
X-t. -B h-ue-f|-c- h-o-Zn-\--h|-]-w \o-cn-In-c-w h-e-f-2o-an-w,
\yn-b-In-co-w, Z-bn--=w, P--ao-n--Hw
A-\--=w \o-eo-In-c-=w A-\n-Zo-w A-]-a-=w h-en-[n-c-=w h-ue-f|-c-w h-eeyn-]-I-w h-en--cyn-ao-w Pp-Wo-n-Hw A-a-c-w A--b-=w \o-Xy-w ]-eo^-=w -wo-I-n-=-an-Wm. -f|-c
F-n h-Xy-eo-Zy--tS-w, eo-Zy-tIn-m
A-lo-b-t-- ]-Zn-Y--;-tS-w B-Zo-dw X-t-bn-!-. -f|-c-h|--]-e-W-\
-eo-[-an-bo-co-t B-cn-Wm uZ-e-X-I?
F-n-Wm -f|-ucn-]n-h-\-w uZ-e--P
w X-o-- u-Zw? uZ-e-X-I-;-tS tteZo-
Wm. a-Xw In-dn-Xo-e-o-bn-bo \o-d-tIn-=--Xo-m ]o-o hw-L-So-X-an-b 5-e--\=w ]v-ucn-io-Xy-?--=w tN-- 5-e--\--;-m. F-n hw-n-c-o-m eo-[
hw-eo-[n-\--tjn-w X-t-bo-n-Xo-co-t F--t\-bn-Wm In-d-nXo-e-o-bn-bo
n-c-Xw A-Xo-t\ hw-c-o- u]n---Xm F-m \--m a-\-o-dn-o----Xn-bo--
I-ko--d-w B-g-\n-Z-o-td -Jw.- -B -K-!--g--c-Wn--do-m B-g-\n-Zw
5-e--I-%w [p. B.-i-co-w -o e--\w.
42
488 42 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
I-h--+w F-n-Wm? F--lo-n-ud

D-Xm fo-w-an-b uZ-e-Xn-h|--]-t A-lobn I-ko-. Cv-f|-c-t ]-cyn-b-]-Z-an-bo
5--2-an-bo-- uZ-e hw- a--u\-Iw
A-Y--tj uZyn-Xo-o-%--Xo--ue-ow 5-ubn-Ko-o--t-m 5n-Np-\ tte-ZoI-hn-io-Xy-o-ud-m 5-ue-fo-o---et-nw In-Wnw. hw--X-[n-H-en-b Zo-em,
uZyn-Xo-o-%--Xm, 5-In-fo-o-%--Xm H-So-b A-Y--tj !-lo-%--Xo--ue-ow D-]-ubn-Ko-o---Xn-bo tX-jo--.
[n-H-]-n-T-o Cv [n-H-eo-\m ]-m AY--jn-Wm In---Xm. A-e b-Yn-?-aw,
?p-U, 5-?-o, 5-In-f-\w, (Zz-Xox) uan-Zw,
h|-+w, eo-Po-Kp-g, -Xo-a-Zw, In-o, K-Xo
F-o-e-bn-Wm. hw--X-eyn-I-c-W-\o-b-a-a-h-co-m, C-e-bo H-un A-Xo-d-[o-I-uan
-?-e--uan A-Yw d-o-%--Xo-t\-nw
Cv ]-Zw 5-ubn-Ko-n-=--Xn-Wm. tte-ZoI-n-g-bo ]-Z- G-In-Y-uZyn-X-I-anbo--o-. In-d-?-ua-W-bn-Wm A-e-bo-d[o-I-=w -Vn-Y- (H--b-Yw) 5-I-Soo-%--e-bn-b-Xm. -Vn-Y-u_n-[-I-an-bo
]-co-W-ao-%-I-tb- -ucyn-Kw hw--eo-
]-Z--jo G--=w 5-[n-\-t--Xm uZ-e hw-X-t-bn-Wm. uZ-e ttZ-ew F-p
]-Z--m Cv-f|-c F--n-tX a-tnY-=w h-+o-%-en hn-[y-at- \o-dbn-Wm C---Xm. F-n 5n-Np-\ E-go]-c--c uZ-e-hw--m a--, b-w,
b-nw-Kw, 5-Pn-]-Xo, ]-c-ua-f|-c, a-gy, Cw-Ko-X-, C-o-b-, eo-Z|n,
A-Xo-Yo, an-Xn-em, ]o-Xn-em, B-Nn-cy
F-o-e-w F-o-e-w F-nw uZ-e-X-I-jnWm. Zo-ey-Y-Ww In-c-Ww uN-X-\ A-uN-X-\
u-Z-ta-u\y Zo-ey-Y-W-fn-do-I-tj-nw uZ-e-XI-jn-bo -eo%-. ---o uZ-ehw- ~-1-en-No an-^-a-. -cy,
N-, ao-, A-lo -X-dn-b-e 5-In-fo%--e-bn-I-bn A-e-tb-%-lo-%--Xo-m
uZ-e-hw- D-]-ubn-Ko--t-Sn-=--XnWm F-m Xp--an-\o--Xm 5-Np-\ E-go-ancn-bo--o-, a-lo-m A-]v--ug-b-an-b
ue-Z-en-Wo-X-t-bn-Wm. !-cn-X-\ ue-Zn-bn-bo-I C-e-tb B-cn-[o-o--t-

ep-en-o- \o-Zn-\w ue-Z-eo-Zy--tS ]-coN-b-%-l-=-X-t-bn-Wm. In-c-Ww C--cw
tte-Zo-I 5-I-c-W--jo-tdn-w B-cn-[-\-tS -N-\-u]n--ao-. uf-gw e---So-b
A-\-Yn-cw-w, A--fy-an-bo \o-m
5n-#-Xo-I f-2o-I-tj \o-b-o-%- H-
f-2o-eo-uf-g-an-Wm uZ-e F- No-bo \o-n-Wm. P-d-o-m; en-eo-m;
A-lo-%m; e-\-o-m; a---I-m;
Hn-ucn-o-w Hn-ucn uZ-e-t\ h-+o-%-Xm ]o-p-Sm hn-[n-c-W-an-=-I-w, -B
uZ-e-n--tS eo-uf-g-f-2o-I A-an-go-I-an-tW- I--H- a--gy h|-w
c---ue-o B-e-fyn--h-c-Ww B
uZ-e-n-tc B-cn-[o- H-S--I-w tN-.
P-dw Io--en e--W, I-- f-2o-Io-en en-, ucn-K-\o-en-c-W-o-\m [-\|-co F-o--t\ B-cn-[-\n--o-I-;-tS
F-Bw a--gy--n-!- B-[o-eyn-[o-I--h-co-m e-o--e-, C-w e-o-
tIn-u-bo-co-%-. A--t\ \nw F-o
C-w-t-- D-o-w-uZ-e-X-I-tj-e-tc 5n-]o. eo-[ h--+--tn-w -f|ucn-]n-h-\--an-bo _--ao- F-m an-^w
]-l-m -2n-Y-o-ud-m I-S-nw.
--2w -?-e-\n-bo B-g-\n-Z-o eynJy-\-h-io-Xw 5-ho-p-#-X-an-I-t F-m
Kv-X-a B-r-io-%-. B-b-Xo-ud-m
Z-bn-\--n-gy-]--t an-^w H-m
No-o--u]n-!- F-u-->, eo-n-c-bw X-t In-c-Ww. -]w, \n-aw, I-aw,
In-dw F-o-e-bn-Wm D-o-w--2-eo-g-bw.
!--g--2-o-td "ô-o-]n--c-m[| D-ttZ-Xm
!--gx ]n-uZn-uhy-in--ue-Xm!-\x"
x F
F
]-l-- n-K-m uf
uf-g-~-1-t-w f-_d-~-1-u-w eo--co-o--m. B eo-nc-o-t ?-aw X-t-bn-Wm -2-otd fo-w-=w D-o-w-=w. -]w F-eo-tS-bnWm o-Xo-tN---Xm. fo-w-o-w D-ow-o--an-Wm. fo-+o c-No-o-co-%- H-
fo-+-t-n--I. A-Xo-t hv--cyw
+xn 488 43
43
-]w F-o-e A-e-bo B--co-I-an-w

_n-iy-an-w A-S-o-bo-co-%-. F-n
B--co-Iw _n-iyw F-o-e-b-m a-u[yo-X-an-!- -]-an-Wm B fo-+-o-t
-d-an-b u_n-[y-t \--m 5-Zn-\w
tN---Hm. B u_n-[y-o-\o-n-Wm
\nw \n-aw F- A-Y--W-an-b H-
]-h--+-o-ud-un A-]-h--+-oud-un F-K--Xm. A-Xo \o-n-Wm
In-d-uZ-f--jo-td I-a-an-Kw 5-I-S-an-!-Xm. B ]-co-[o-bo \o-b-a-_--an-!-
n-\w X-t-bn-Wm [-aw. (]ZnYeoZy
botd [aw) -d-an-b ey-e--I-tj
A-\--an-b In-d-u_n-[-o o-c-=w
o-X-=-an-%- [-aw A-Y-en n-\w
eo-cn-Um!--g-t h|-]-t \--m
A---e-ue-Zy-an-%-. -wo--tS udn-Iw
I-ko-w A-e-t a-io-a A-\--an-b
udn-I-u-m eo-an-!- F-m --w.
C-n-Wn-b-tX-nw H-w, C-\o- In-Wn
I-ko-bn--uXn! A-Xn-I-t A-e-t a-io-a.
a-io-a-bn-Wm D-o-ww. \nw F-^-bj-n-w A-Xo--a--lw H- ]-w-Y-dw
A--l-u-m A-e-t a-io-a D-o-w-an-bo
\o-d-tIn-=- F-m \nw A-lo--o-S-nWm D-o-w--2w A-e-hn-\o-%--Xm F-lo--I. A- B-cw-o-%--Xm F--lo--I.
C-eo-tS F-o-do-w-t-- uZ-e-X-I-m
fo-wn-Nn-cw tN-n-u\ \--m I-ko-...
-ue-Z-a---;-tS eo--P-\w hw-io-X--tS
]-Zw-Xo-co--do B-cw-o-%--Xn-Wm.
A-Xn-I-t A--c--;-tS hw-ubn-K-o-m
fo-n-fn--]-c-an-b \o-b-a--tj ]-co-]n
-do-m ]-Z-]n-T]--Xo-bo-ud-m \-bo-%-Hw. A--c-hw-ubn-K-n hw--eo-%-
]-Z--;-tS ]-c--c-hw-_-w eyn-I-c-W-]c-an-bo D-l-o--t--Hw, A-e--tS ?-a-om hv--cy-=w D-l-w 5-Zn-\w tN--
O-un-_--X-bo 5-I-S-an-!--H-an-Wm.
]-Z--;-tS h-an-Pw Y-W I-a h|-n-e-m A---]-an-b A-Y-t \o-nZo-o-%- n-\-ap-anw-h-bn-bo \o--2fn--=w, B n-\-ap-anw-h-m eo---a-
44
488 44 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
n- 5-ubn-K-ap-anw-hn-cp-Xo-I-tj I-+oX-an-%- hw-eo-[n-\w I-+-fn--o-w

5-I-S-an-!-. n-\-I-a-h-a-\|-bw F-
A-Y-eo-n-\p-b-o-t -d-Ind-u_n-[-t 5-In-fo-o-%- uPyn-Xoxfn-w A-]v--ug-b-eo-n-\-o-t
I-Bn-bo 5-Xy--n-\-an-bo an-c--Xm
C--t\-bn-Wm. A-Xn-b-Xm a---;-tS
-m-a-an-b eo-In-hw A--c--jo
\o-w a---jo-ud-%w a---jo
\o-w -2--jo-ud-%-ta--Yw. -maan-b A--c-hw-eo-[n-\-o \o-w
eo-I-ho-%- a--fn--o-t -dh|--]-an-Wm ue-Z--2-. An
tX Ae FoIjowt N-7ndo-\ouZeXI;tS tIn]lod.
ueZw IndonnWm Fm [co
eouZfoubn F^ ucn=w D-o-w
N-7n-do-\o F- h--+-=anbo \S%
BcoI.
B-Zp-b-]p-U-\--;-tS I-Y-I
-[p. i-co-uKn-eo-f-a, [p-p--d-\-K-cw
?- h-I-d-%w Pp-e \--en I-ko-=-
ttZ-e-o-m a-co--u]n-b H-cn-tj ep-1w
-e-o-Xo-bo-ud-%m tIn-1-e-cn I-kobot--o, ttZ-ew h-e-f-2-\n-uWn?
"tt_-_o" B-[n-c-an-o !-l--Hm G-?
u]-tc- -Pp-eo-o-o--t-n-m tan-ko.
ue-Z-o-m h-\n-X-\-X|w D-1m F-o-w,
n-e-in-en-Zo-I an-c-un h--u-fd-y- an-c-. \--H-]-l-n-w,
ue--H ]-l-n-w, [-o-n- Pp-enZn--tj-tIn-1 \o-l-- udn-I-m
B-Zp-b-]p-U-\--;-tS I-Y-I H-S--I-bn-tX fn-o-%m n-\--un?= -I-Y-I-jo fn-o-%m n-\--n-eo-to-w I-Y-I-tj P-\o-o-%- Pp-e--I-jo
Pp-en-Zn--jo fn-o%m n-\--m.
A-H-tIn-m X-t Pp-en-Zn--m
F-un-?w eo-f|n-h--jo [---n=w, F-n Po-n-h-bo [---nen-tX u]n-=-un-kn-Wm eo-f|n-h-t
A--eo-f|n-h-an-bo Pp-en-Zn-em tIn-1\-S-%--Xm. Pp-e -o--tS -Xo-\o-l- th-a-o-Im -f|-c-h--+-o-dn-Wm

P-\-\-=w a-c-W-=w -f|-cn-[p-\-an-!--Xm.
n-c-Xp-b h--+-o-dn-I-t Pp-en-Zn-em
f-cp-c-t 5n-]o-%-I-w D-u]-o-%-I-an-Wm. D-u]-o--t--Xo-t\ h|p-I-co-%en B-cn-Wm X-n-ln-=-I. en-h-ubn-Kya- F-m I-n-- f-cp-c-o \o-n-Wm
Pp-en-Zn-em -f|-cp-b-\o-b-a----X-an-bo c-W-y-hn-co-bn-bo a-tn- uZ-i
-t uX---Xm. A-Xn-Wm Pp-en-Zn-eo-t
h|n-X-yw. -f|-c h-e-f-2-w
h-en--cyn-ao-w h-e---an-Wm.
A-Xo-\-Yw -f|-c G-In-[o-]-Xo-bn-Wm
F--. Pp-en-Zn-eo-t I-a-o-\--h-co- I-a-^-d-t-bn-Wm -f|-c 5-Zn\w tN---Xm. h-e--\n-b tt_-_o
ttZ-e-o-t\-u a-co--u]n-!- H-cn-;-tS
f-cp-c-o-ud-%m A-bn-m Xo-co--e-uc-Xo-t B-e-fy-I-X-tb--o -m X-t
u_n-[--n-In-Xo---Xm F- a-c-uNn-Zyan-!w tt_-_o-jo-td ttZ-e-o-t I-ao -f|-c--n-=-I. -m C-n-Xo--Hw C-un D-n-!--H-an-b H- n\w -f|-c--n-=-I X-c-ao-. f-cp-c-t
Xy-Po-u--Xo-t B-e-fy-I-X-tb-un?
A-Xm \o-d-\o--uen-jw a-c-Ww A-\o-en-cy-anWm. v-Xo-I-\o-b-an-Wm (A-eo-Zy) A-Xo-t
In-c-W-ta-o Pp-en-Zn-em a-tn- f-cpc-u uX--. B-yn-Zo-I-\o-b-a-n-dnWm (eo-Zy) f-cp-c-t Xy-Po-%--tX-o
uan--an-K-an-Wm A-eo-tS 5--2-an-!-Xm. -f|-c h-e-f-2-\n-Wm F--Xo\-Yw G-I-an-Wm, A-Z|o-Xp-b-an-Wm F-nWm. X-t I-a--jo a-n--uS-w h-inbw -f|-c-m B-e-fy-ao- F--lo-
E-go-an-cn-Wm -f|-c-t\ h-e-f-2-\n-bo
hn-n-XmI-co-%--Xm. Pp-en-Zn-eo-t-w
5-#-Xo--uS-w A-u\-I-X|-o-t A-oX|w G-I-\n-b -f|-c-\o-dn-Wm. A-eo-tS
f-2o--tS h|--]-w G-I-=w A-Z|o-Xp-b-=an-Wm. c-m -f|-c-h|--]--t-o-an-
^-ua H-d-\n-Z-I-an-bo \--m f-2o-tb

]-cp-o--lo-ub--H->. H-n-bo-an-^w
\o-d-tIn-=- -f|-c-h--+o H-w
-X-ua-+o-%-o- F--lo--I. \-ep-\
ue-Zn--=w th-a-o-Im a-X-u_n-[-=w \--m
\-o-b -f|-cn-e-u_n-[w tte-Zo-I
-]--t h|p-I-co-n A--e-Zo-%-o-
F---Xn-Wm udn-I-t B-Zp-b]p-U-\--;-tS e--\-eo-m In-c-Ww. \-ep\-ue-Zn-o F-nw -f|-c-\n-Wm F-m
]-l--, a-tn-co-S-m th-a-o-Im a-X-
F-nw a-t-eo-tS-ubn e-ho-%- -f|c-t A-[p-\-X-bo-dn-Wm F-m ]-l--.
ue-Z-an-I-t F-nw G-I-w A-Z|o-Xp-b-an-b -f|-c-\o-dn-Wm e-ho-%--Xm F-
]-l--. F-nw -f|-c-\n-tW-m
]-l-n ]o-t F-m fn-o?
B-m fn-o? a-tn-co-S-n-Wm
-f|-c F-m ]-l-n ]o-t
A-eo-tS-b-n-tX C-eo-tS F-eo-tS fn-o?
F-n-bn-w B-Zp-b-]p-U-\--;-tS
I-Y-I C-eo-tS-w A-eo-tS--an-bo \nw
H-S-w. ue-Z-o-t b-Yn-X-Yanb-]w
P-\-a-\--I-jo-ud-%m F-Kw e-tc an-^w.
ueZot w fn
ueZotw
fnot
otww 2o
[p.p. ico!an
ico an CjboS
CjboSKmm, ]o
]o
? uIfeNth, ueZotw X
fnotw 2obo\om A^
ueKw ASo antSn= ey2oX|
anboun? FtInnenw Auiw
?oyn\obnbo, ]opm, anlobHm?
= uI-f-_mN-un-th _w-Kn-jo-t
]-tn-]-Xnw -n-o-t -J-an-Wm.
H- ]-t A-^-w t]n-H-P-\-]o--W- H- u\-Xn-em A--e-tc-ubn A-Xo-uf-g-uan _w-Kn I-o-o-. uI-f-_m
_w-Kn-jo-t -J-an-bo--. a-i-go Z-bn\--w [pcn-a-#--]-c-a-iw-h-w H-S-o
]-d-w A-u-i-o-t 5-e--\-t
[--ubn-tS ep-o-o--. F-n
]-tn-]-Xnw -n-o-t \-uen-Yn-\-u--t X-Io-Sw a-lo-n-- -uln
+xn 488 45
45
-]y X---;-tS d-yw _w-Kn uIp-I-co---Xn-Wm. cn-Pn-lnw uan-i-ulnbo-w uI-f-_mN-un-th-w H-S-o ]-d
5--J-w B X--o In-do-S-lo-b-e
X-t-bn-Wm. Cw-up-gm eo-Zyn-yn-h-=w
-uln-]y hw-n-c-o-t I-S--I-b--=w
]-tn-]-Xnw -n-o-t B-cw--o-t _w-Kn C--ttI-I-;w \p-o-h|p-Ico- I-ko-o--. Pn-Xp-b-an-b No--w
tti--e-bn-Yn-o-Xo-I-]v-ucn-io-Xy-a-X=w Xn-o-I-a-X-h|n-[p-\-=w ue-Z-t-w
tte-Zo-I-No--I-uj-w ew-K-\n-o \o-w
A-5-Xy--an-o-bo--. h-Xo-w
\-c-_-do-w -K-_-do-w Xn-o-In-cn-[-\w \o-b-aw tIn-m \o-ucn-[o-%--Xo-]-co B \o-ucn-[-\-o-t B-e-fy-I-X-tb
udn-I-h-a-w A-e-X-co-o-%--Xo-ud-nbo X- \-S-K- [-a- tt?--ea-X-5-Nn-c-W-o-w -So h-in-b-I-an-=w
eo-[-an-Wm ~o-p-i-In \-S-n-o-b-Xm.
1757 td ttB-eo-t 8n-ho eo-P-bw _w-Knjo eo--P-\-o-t eo-m ]n-Io. cn-{[-a-o-t -^-en-Iy--tj eyn-Jyn-\om e-fw-tI- n-c-Xp-b-]v-ucn-io-Xy-?-w
I-ko--u]n-b H-cn-bo-cw tIn--t X-;-tS tN-o-I-jo fn-]-r--an-b \p-Xo-tS \o-W-b--uj-bn-Wm h|p-I-co-o---Xm
F---So a-l- H-S-o-bo--. C-eo-tS
tX-m C-m \--tS \n-o c-m cn-Pn-n--m uIn-ko-un-So-t hn--Xo-co-w
tI-n-o--tS cn-Pn-=w. \p- C---lm
tIn--an-W-u^ C-e-co--e X-o -w
tN--Xm. A-un-]o-t e-S-m _w-Kn-jot o-Xo-tb-n-=w. ]-c--cw -w tN- Ac--lo-d-[o-Iw \ncn-Pn--n--tS
C-S-bo-ud-m C-S-b-ud-J-\w en-bo-n-\neo--un -uln-]y e-o e-o-l-o-bo-n-=-I. A-e--tS _-d-u-n-uj-tl \-tS _-d-ip-\-X-bn-Wm \--m eo-\n-fw eoX--Xm. ]-tn--Xnw -n-o _w-Kn
H-n-tI tt?--e-ao-g-\-lo 5-e--\o-m C-c-bn-bo. th-lnw-f n-]o eo-dyw-In-co--tS d-yw n-c-Xp-b--tS
_-d-ip-\-X-tb -g-Ww tN--I-X-tbn-bo--. th-lnw-f F e-do-b e-dbo-t- eo-d-ub-lo-b H- a-eyn-e-Xn-c-anbo uI-f-_mN-un-th F- P-d-!-w.
? F-Uo-un-lo-b F- '-Jw', -a-tn-cn%m (t-gy F-Uo-) \-n-- B-ew (d-w 587, P-\-e-co 2014) ^n-L-\pb-an-b Ip-kme-k-w -wo--dn-m. F-ow, !--I-o-t B--Jw F- In-Wo-m
B ud-J-\w 5-ho-p-I-co-n-ta-o-co-u,
h|-bw ]o-en-u-o-bo--un?
= a-i-go Z-bn-\--h-c-h|-Xo F-m uIn--S t\-o-jo%- h--i-o-dn-Wm
B-g-\n-Zw A-Xo-t 5-e--\-t
-un-m tIn-1-u]n-!--Xm. Z-bn-\---2co-t--. F-^-ubn H--an-W-e. No-dun eo-[-o-- ]o-en-
Y-Ww tN-u-nw. Z-bn-\--t In-do-I-5h2o-bo hw-f-bn---jn-Wo-eo-tS--
No-d-tc-o-w. A-e-co-td B-Z-eo-f|nh-t ep-t--%-en-- uf-go
B--J-o--n-=w F-m I--Xo-bn-Wm
Ip-kme-k--ao-n- H- [-aw \-S-o-b-Xm.
uNn-Zyw X-t tX-jo-bo-%--Xm ]oen-o-b-Xm Y-Ww tN--te-n-Wm.
[-a-t b-Yn-eo-[o A--~on--e-\m ue-Z-5-Xo-]n-Zo-X [-a-o

\o-n-!- -J-^-dw d-y-a-. eo-Zyn-yn-hw u\So [-an-N-c-Ww
tN---e-\-u^ h--B -J-t 5n-]o-%--Xm.- -A-Y-o-w (h|-Ww,
c-U- -X-dn-b-e) In-a-o-w (p uh-e-X-dn-b-e) A-So-a-t-Sn--e-
an-^-ua [-a-n-\w D-n-!-->. [-a-n-\w C-o-%--e ue-Z-o \o-m
A-Xo-t\ \o-W-bo--Ww. F-t-n [-an-[-a--tj ue-Z-o-\o--an-^-ua
f-co-bn-bo \o-L-bo-%-en I-ko-.-
46
488 46 +xn
- aIcw Bg\nZw
-[p-#--t ]-cyn-bw -(a. n. fn-o-]-ew

342-nw A-[yn-bw 90-nw u^n-Iw)
-A-an-e-:- 1 !--c-e-ho-t-w D-e-fo-tS-w a-I -(a. n. B-Zo-]-ew 75-nw
A-[yn-bw 24-nw u^n-Iw)
hnZI - [paXo.
paXo. ueZcWo
ueZc
2
-A-o--em::- 1 In-fo-cn-Pn-eo-t !-^. A-Xo- -A-an-e-:- ]o-J-K-W--jo H-cn -(i-coeo-No-^-an-b H- !-Xo-c C-u-i-o--n- ew-f-]-ew, A-[yn-bw 18, u^n-Iw 30)
A-an-i-T
::- H- h-w. P-\-ua-P-b-t
bo--. a-in-n-c-X---o ]n-7-e-]- -Ah
h
^
o e-m A-lo-!-7-o
-K-\o-m -w tN-. (D-uZyn-K-]-ew
ep-m F-co--Xp-.
A-[yn-bw 151, u^n-Iw 62; I-W-]-ew
A-[yn-bw 6, u^n-Iw 23)
-A-ao-X-[|-P
::- H- cn--h -(a. n. fn2
A-o--em::- Iv-c-e-]-- cn-Pn-em -(p--]- o-]-ew 227-nw A-[yn-bw, 50-nw u^n-Iw)
ew A-[yn-bw51, u^n-Iw 20; un-W-]-ew -A-ao-Xn-f-\:- --t an-J-K-W-o-td
A-[yn-bw 95, u^n-Iw 18)
H-cw-Kw. -(a. n. f-dy-]-ew A-[yn-bw 46,
1
u^n-Iw 7)
-A-o-a-\{:{:- N--!-^-\n-b e--ho-t
!-\-P-w. A--\-m [p-#--t h-uin- -A-ao-Xv-P-hm::- 1 a-in-n-c-X---o ]n
Z-co-bn-b ---bo D-n-b !-^. D-- -7-e-]--K \o-m -w tN- H- epc-bn-m ]-Uo. ]-cp-o-o-t ]o-Xn-em.
c -(a. n. D-uZyn-K-]-ew, A-[yn-bw 171,
un-W Xp- N-?-e{-i-o 5-ueu^n-Iw 11)
fo- A-o-a-\z-eo-t\ K-Zn---o -bn-A-ao-Xv-P-hm::- 2]n-n-d-cn-Py-t ]-cnh-\-t !-^ tIn-d-t--o. -(a. n.
?-ao-bn-b H- cn-Pn-em. ]n-7-e -B-Zo-]-ew A-[yn-bw 2, u^n-Iw 70, 126,
A-[yn-bw 95, u^n-Iw 77, 81; un-W-]-ew o--u]n-!--Xo- -m C-u-i-t
-Wo-o--. ]n-7-e--tS h-in-boA-[yn-bw 49 u^n-Iw 4)
I-jn-b cn-Pn--n-co 5-[n-\o. -(a. n.
-A-o-a-\z:z:- 2 a--eo-m \-U|-d-bo D-n-b B-Zo-]-ew 67-nw A-[yn-bw 12-nw u^n-Iw;
!-^ -(i-co-ew-f-]-ew A-[yn-bw 2, u^n- D-uZyn-K-]-ew 4-nw A-[yn-bw, 12-nw u^nIw 19)
Iw; D-uZyn-K-]-ew 71-nw A-[yn-bw, 11-nw
u^nIw)
-A-o-gy-::- !--ew-f-n-]-I-\n-b
!--eo-t ]o-Xn-em. an-Xn-em en-io-\o -(a.
-A-ao-^-{::- 5-ho--\n-b H- 5n-Np-\n. B-Zo-]-ew A-[yn-bw 94, u^n-Iw 51)
cn-Pn-em -(a. n. B-Zo-]-ew A-[yn-bw 1,
-A-p-:- In-d-uI-b-t Aw-f-o \o-w u^n-Iw 223)
P-\-\w. n-\o-w [-ao-~--an-b cn-P-AA---c-b-hm::- K-b F- 5-ho-go-bn-bo-p-. -(a. n. B-Zo-]-ew 67-nw \n-b cn-Pn-eo-t A-. A-u-i-o-m
A-[yn-bw 53-nw u^n-Iw)
--eo-\o-m H- en d-o-. -(a. n.
fn-o-]-ew 166-nw A-[yn-bw, u^n-Iw 76;
-A-p-g-i::- A-o-g-* F- uZ-f-t
e-\-]-ew A-[yn-bw 95, u^n-Iw 19)
B-n. Iv-c-e]--K-\o-n-m
A-e -w tN--Hm. -(a. n. p--]-ew
-A--X:- a-c-W-ao-n--e F--Yw. a-KA-[yn-bw 18, u^n-Iw 13; un-W-]-ew
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48
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B-b-Xo-\n eo-Zy-bo-n--e C--In-do-Kw an-^w.-
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c-1m B-\-ub-w h-n-\-an-bo \-o.-#-go-n-c-\n-b A-\o-b-t B-I-o-I-an-b
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A-bn-%m Xn-+-cy-=--n-bo-co-o-.
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h|-W-u-\ In-G-e--bn-%m h-n-\o%-I."h|h|-w X-\o-a a-l-m a-e--e tN---Hu]n-td 5--e-o-n
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+xn 488 49
(HSw)
49
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a-a-X--tS \p-cn-jo-\o-I-cw = u-i-_--;-tS \p-cn-jo-&-w(B-f-I-;-tS _--\w),
u_n-[--eo = B-Z-5-In-fw, X-co-%-I =
X-c-Ww tN--I (a-c-eo-%-I- Fm a-tnc-Yw)
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(A-i-n-cw) eo--co--t-S-t; u-i-_--;-tS \p-cn-jo-o---o-\o-w
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50
-a-C-Cw, te-B--Cw,
I--X-c-eo-g-h-o-[-anw--\y--Cw,
-a-Cw I-;w \o-l-un-c-eo-,
a-c-bo-d-p-c-w, Xp---Cw;
Xo-Bw ~-1n-7-a-u-%-S-e-b;
Y--en--tc-?w-\n-Y, \p-tb-Bo-;-Bp! \o-ue-Zo-%-e-\-So-a-d-co-&--ta-X--_n-w.
-(-e-cn-?-w)
-uX-So-u-So \-S--In-d-So-I-k--u,
-e Ip--\w]n-So-n-Soe-c-1-W--Io--W-p-S-t Po-i|n--dw;
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-co-n-=-Rn
-(fn--d-eo-?p-Uo-X?-w)
1903 H--n-d-o-\--Km J--Sp-co-bo
P-\o- I-eo Xo--e-\--!-cw 5-o
D-uZyn-K--\n-bo--. 1978 C-u-iw
A--co-. ]-d In-d--jo-dn-bo ]n-T-!-I--jo C-u-i-o-t I-eo-X-I Dtn-o-o--. "A-eo-tn-Xo"-tb-
I-eo-Xn-h-an-in-c-o-m uI-c-j-hn-io-XyA-n-U-ao--tS-w Y--en--c- -hmot-w A-en--I d-o-. [p. eo. tI.
uKn-eo--\n-b--tS h--W-#-Xo-I
5-f- I-eo [p. eo--\n-cn-b-W
\--Xo-co h-an-i-co-m uI-c-j-hn-io-XyA-n-Z-ao 5-ho-p-I-co-o--1m.-
Printed and published by N. Vedaprakash, Dayananda Bhavan, Narendrabhooshan road, Chengannur 689 121, owned by
N. Vedaprakash, Dayananda Bhavan, Chengannur 689 121 and Printed at Amrita Bharathi Press, Chengannur 689121, Kerala and
published at Dayananda Bhavan, Narendrabhooshan road, Chengannur 689 121 Kerala. Editor : Kamala Narendrabhooshan.
E-go-]-c--c--tS tte-Zo-I-ho-n--5-an-W--ue-Z-5n-an-Wy-t Aw-Kp-I-co-%--e B-o-I-cn-m.- -
ue-Z-t-A-lo-eo-t\ \o-ug-[o-%--e \n-o-I-cn-m.-
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a-ew -f|-c -wo--uen A-H-u]n-td-X-t.
A-e-tb--o-- A-lo-=w -f|-c-u-H-X-t.-
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-f|-c Pp-en-Zn-em 5-#-Xo F- ô-X|w.-
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n-c-Xp-b-N-co-^w1. 5000 tIn---jn-bo n-c-Xw A-[x-]-X-\-o-t an-K-o-dn-m.2. a-in-n-c-X---an-m n-c-Xp-b-t 5-[n-\ A-[x-]-X-\-In-c-Ww. 5153 e-g--m -m. (_o. ho. 3147 \-ew-_ 29)3. ue-Z-]-T-\w Pn-Xp-b-an-bo udn-]o--Xo--tS [-a--cy n-c-X-o A--ao-.4. ubn-uK-f|-c-\n-b [p-#--\n-m A-[x-]-X-\-o-t\-Xo-tc u]n-cn-So-b a-in-!--g. (_o. ho. 3228 - 3112)5. bn-Z-e-ew-f-o-t\n-fw A-[x-]-X-\-o-\o-w n-c-X-t A--In-c-o-ud-m \-bo-. (_o. ho. 3112 - 500)6. A--In-cw tte-Zo-I-hw--Xo-bo-td n-\-I-a-In-7-h-a-\|-b-t \-fo-o-.7. n-\-In-7-t \o-cn-I-co- I-ao-I bn-Kn-Zo-I-jo a-Zy-=w anw-h-=w D-]-ubn-Ko-.-*8. [p-e--w, a-in-ep-c-w A--In-c-t X--;-tS I-ko-eo-t\n-m 5-Xo-ucn-[o-. (_o. ho. 563 - 483)9. tte-uZ-fo-I-\n-b A-?-ao A-d-On- n-c-X-t B-?-ao-. (_o. ho. 327)10. cn-{ h--+-t !-\---co-m Nn-W-Iy n-c-X-o-t A-Xo-o-I hw-c-o-. (_o. ho. 325)11. e--ttP-\ hw-L- Pn-Xo-~n-1-W-h--+--tj X--S-. bn-K- \-S-n-Xn-bo.12. ue-Z-]n-T-fn-d-I - Y--!-d- _v--ttP-\ eo-in-c-h-u-X--jn-bo. eo-r-in-cn-[-\ 5-N-do-X-an-bo.13. bn-K-fn-d-I-jo h|-c-n-\--n-bo D-]-ubn-Ko- --I ~n-1-W X--fn--an-bo A-e-X-co-o-.-*14. [p-a-Zm B-Zo-f--c e--ttP-\ hw-L--tj 5-n-\-^-bo--tS J-7o-. (_o. ho. 44)15. ue-Z-]-T-\w h--W-an-w Pn-Xp-b-X-tb B--[-an-o ~n-1-W an-^w !--I-bn-o.16. A-o-\-e-f--cn-Nn-cy e--ttP-\-ho-n---tj F-Xo-m eo-in-c- ]o-So--S-o. (F. Uo. 801-839)17. eo-r-in-cn-[-\ io--a-X-o 5-N-do-X-an-bo u-^w, X-w, -P, -2o-5-n-\- C-e D-n-bo-e-.18. B-[-a- ue-Z-]n-T-fn-d-I-jn-bo, Pn-Xo ~n-1-W B-[-an-[o-]-Xo-I-jn-bo.19. -ow B-?-a-W-In-co-I n-c-X-t B-?-ao-.20. In--l-_o-I n-c-Xp-b-tc io-- (In--I--n) F- eo-jo-.21. ~o-p-gm -c-Ww, tt?--e-a-X-5-Nn-c-o--tS n-c-Xp-b-t\ A-So-a--o-ud-m \-bo-.22. A-So-a-I-tj eo-jo-o-- C-Up-hm F- ]-Z-o-\o-w C-Uy F- ]-Zw n-c-Xp-b--\-o.23. ]v-cn-Wo-I-udn-I-hw-n-c--tj X--S- tt?--e a-X-]v-ucn-io-Xyw n-c-Xw--Np-\ (G-gy) d-y-an-o.24. eo-dyw uPn-hm, ro-ô-Xm, an-Om- -X-dn-b a-X-5-Nn-c-I A-\-Y-I-r-- c-No-.25. ta-n-tj Y--!-d h--Zn-bw \o--dn-o Cw-up-gm eo-Zyn-yn-hw \-S-n-o.26. Cw-up-gm ]-T-\-an-m eo-Zyn-yn-hw F- No- n-c-Xp-b- - C-Uyn-n-c- - \-o.27. 19-nw -n-o-td a-X-hnw-n-co-I-\-uen-Qn-\w h|n-X-y-u_n-[--n-o. (cn-{p-b-an-bo)28. n-c-X-o-t -e-W-In-dw -co-%-en--t-o A-Xm 5000 e-g--%--n-m.-
-n-c-Xw C-w eo-uZ-fo-m A-So-a X-t-* In-d-b-j-eo-t\--o ey-Xy--an-b A-o-5n-b- \o-d-eo--m
(*BC AD F-p Xo--=-I tte-uZ-fo-I-?o--e-g-an-m)-
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L
Y
A
AL
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]-To-Mm, hw-n-Afn--=w ue-Znw-uKn-]nw-K--;w A-So-n-\-an-o-b-nbo--H
- 28--e-m--X A-u\|-go-u-obo--o-. ue-Zn-Q-tIn-P.B.No
m ]-To-%
CHENGANNUR
u_n-[
-o-\m C--t\ H- ]n-c--cyw \o-d-\o--u]n-. ]o-t en-a-an-KoI-tj--l689
o-b-t
-- eo-n-Kw -X-d-t h|-K-an-%- b--ta- h--ZmI-a-o
121
P--iow-KERALA
h D-tn-o-m -l-a-an-o. tte-Zo--I-]n-c--cy-o-t A-[x-]-X-\w
b--o P--iow-h 5-Nn-c-o-dn-b-uXn-tS B-cw-o-. iow-h-tb
A---do-n--e-m tte-ZoI-]-c--c-bo n-\-ao-t-n-bo. ... \ucg ...
ueZjoudm aSoun=Ib, ueZjoudm aSoecoIbnWm \nw...
\ucgWot dyanb #XoI
1 NHueZhwioX (anJao) ------------------- 2600.00

2 Zufn]\ogm ngn ngyw (Uo.ho.eOm) --1200.00
3 hXynY5Infw---------------------------------- 725.00
4 KpXncihyw (anJao) -------------------------- 500.00
5 Aubn[ybotd
bnK]coNbw (Uo.ho.eOm
) ---------------------160.00
[pcna (Uo.ho.eOm
) -------- 150.00
Aubn[ybotd [pcna
(Uo.ho.eOm
) -------- 130.00
150.00
66 iouXn]uZfIYI
(anJao)
----------------iouXn]uZfIYI
(anJao)
130.00
77 D]\b\w
Fm? Fo\m
? --------------------------------------- 120.00
8 ico\naIp\w
D]\b\w Fm? Fo\m
?
120.00
----------------------(anJao) --------------------- 90.00
aX;tS DZm!\P=w
eIY-------------------------------90.00
99 ]cudnI=w
(Uo.ho.eOm)---------- 90.00
10
ico\naIp\w
(anJao)
90.00
--------------------10 ubnuKf|c\nb [p# (Uo.ho.eOm
) ------- 90.00
11
]cudnI=w
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(Uo.ho.eOm
)
90.00
----------60.00
11 D]nh\---------------------------------------------12 NoUNo\w
ubnuKf|c\nb [p#
(Uo.ho.eOm) ------- 50.00
90.00
12
-----------------------------------13
D]nh\
(Uo.ho.eOm
)
70.00
----------------------------13 aX=w 2ow ------------------------------------- 50.00
14
NoUNo\w
50.00
-----------------------------------14 [a]nT ---------------------------------------- 40.00
15
aX=w
2ow
50.00
------------------------------------15 BcyntS BZouZfw
--------------------------- 35.00
16
[a]nT
40.00
16 ainXzbw----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35.00
17 [in[aw
BcyntS BZouZfw
35.00
--------------------------17
F h|Kw
35.00
----------------------18 D]\ogm
ainXzbw
(Uo.ho.eOm
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18
IYI
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19
[in[aw
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h|Kw
35.00
----------------------19 Radical Variation ------------------------------------- 25.00
2-0 D]\ogmIYI (Uo.ho.eOm) ---------------- 30.00
21 Radical Variation ------------------------------------- 25.00
Bg\nZw 5hopIcW
1 Ambedkar Veda & Origin of Caste --------------- 270.00

Zbenbo [onw
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ARSHANADAM 488 FEBRUARY - 2014

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