Spanish

SPANISH
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Copyright 20032006, Wikibooks contributors. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modi y this document under the terms o the !"# $ree %ocumentation &icense, 'ersion (.2 or any )ater *ersion pub)ished by the $ree +o t,are $oundation- ,ith no .n*ariant +ections, no $ront/Co*er 0e1ts, and no 2ack/Co*er 0e1ts. 3 copy o the )icense is inc)uded in the section entit)ed 4!"# $ree %ocumentation &icense4. .mages are either )icensed under the !$%& or re)eased into the pub)ic domain. Creators o !$%& images are )isted in image captions. Principa) authors5 0homas+trohmann 6C7 8 9ar) Wick 6C7 8 Wintermute 6C7 8 :arie)a ;i*a 6C7 8 :1n 6C7 8 +abbut 6C7 8 <a*ier Carro 6C7 8 $eno1ie)o 6C7 8 0hink $ast 6C7 8 Ce)estianpo,er 6C7 8 3nthony2a)d,in 6C7 8 <ohn %=3damo 6C7 Co*er5 >ona costera de )a Co*eta $uma en e) t?rmino municipa) de Campe))o, 3)icante. 2y 9asiber and Ce)estianpo,er. 0he current *ersion o this Wikibook may be ound at5 http5//en.,ikibooks.org/,iki/+panish
Contents
.ntroduction.......................................................................................................03 Pronunciation....................................................................................................0@
&A++B"+.................................................................................................(0
0( 02 03 0I 0@ 06 0K 0H 0L / / / / / / / / / CCDmo te ))amasE........................................................................................(0 CCuFndo es tu cump)eaGosE.......................................................................(H .ntroducciDn a )a gramFtica.......................................................................26 C%Dnde *i*esE.............................................................................................33 CJu? te gusta hacerE..................................................................................I( CJu? comesE...............................................................................................@( CJu? hora esE.............................................................................................6( C%Dnde *as a irE.........................................................................................6L CCuF) es tu trabaMoE....................................................................................H3
0NA 2BB9.............................................................................. .........L2
32B#0
Nistory O %ocument "otes...............................................................................L2 3uthors O .mage Credits...................................................................................L3 !"# $ree %ocumentation &icense....................................................................LI
Introduction
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit introduction P comment P report an error
Book definition
Scope5 0his Wikibook aims to teach the +panish )anguage rom scratch. .t ,i)) co*er a)) o the maMor grammar ru)es, mo*ing s)o,)y and o ering e1ercises and p)enty o e1amp)es. .t=s not a)) grammar though, as it o ers *ocabu)ary and phrases too, appea)ing to a)) )earners. 2y the end, you shou)d be ab)e to read and ,rite +panish ski) u))y, though you=)) need a human to he)p ,ith )istening and speaking. Purpose5 0he purpose o this Wikibook is to teach you the +panish )anguage in an easy and accessib)e ,ay. 2y the end, as mentioned, you shou)d be a pro icient reader and ,riter, though )istening and speaking reQuire a human tutor. Audience5 3nyone ,ho ,ishes to )earn +panish, though adu)t and teenage )earners are )ike)y to enMoy it more. Organisation5 0his Wikibook reQuires no prior kno,)edge o the subMect, and a)) re)e*ant terms are e1p)ained as they are encountered. 0he book runs chrono)ogica))y rom )esson ( to )esson 2 to )esson 3 and so on unti) the end. Narrative5 !enera))y engaging and thorough, ,ith p)enty o e1amp)es and e1ercises to aid )earning. Bnce concepts are introduced, they are repeated, bui)ding a base o *ocabu)ary and grammar that ,i)) stay in your mind.
Chapter
Style5 0his book is ,ritten in 2ritish Ang)ish, and the +panish taught is genera))y 4+panish4 +panish, though key regiona) di erences are e1p)ained as ,e go a)ong. 0he ormatting is consistent throughout, ,ith +panish in ita)ics and a)) tab)es using the same ormatting. Aach )esson begins ,ith a con*ersation, inc)uding the key grammar and *ocabu)ary in the )esson. 3t the end, there is a summary, e1p)aining ,hat has been achie*ed. A1ercises are )inked throughout, and each ne, concept or set o *ocabu)ary is accompanied by e1amp)es, each ,ith a trans)ation underneath.
Introduction
Rou are about to embark on a course )earning a second )anguage, the +panish &anguageS 0he irst )esson begins ,ith simp)e greetings, and co*ers important ideas o the +panish &anguage. 0hroughout education, methods o teaching +panish ha*e changed great)y. Rears ago, the +panish &anguage ,as taught simp)y by memory. 0oday, ho,e*er, the +panish &anguage is taught by mo*ing s)o,er and co*ering grammar and spe))ing ru)es. 3gain, this is an introduction. . this is the irst time you are attempting to )earn +panish, do not become discouraged i you cannot understand, pronounce, or memoriTe some o the things discussed here. .n addition, )earning a second )anguage reQuires a basic understanding o your o,n )anguage. Rou may ind, as you study +panish, that you )earn a )ot about Ang)ish as ,e)). 3t their core, a)) )anguages share some simp)e components )ike *erbs, nouns, adMecti*es, and p)ura)s. Rour irst )anguage comes natura))y to you and you don=t think about things )ike subMect/*erb agreement, *erb conMugation, or usage o the *arious tenses- yet, you use these concepts on a dai)y basis. Whi)e Ang)ish is described as a *ery comp)icated )anguage to )earn, many o the distinguishing grammar structures ha*e been simp)i ied o*er the years. 0his is not true or many other )anguages. $o))o,ing the grammatica) con*entions o +panish ,i)) be *ery important, and can actua))y change the meaning o phrases. Rou=)) see ,hat is meant by this as you )earn your irst *erbs ser and estar. %o not become discouragedS Rou can do it. )i*e *ersion P discussion P edit introduction P comment P report an error
4 U +panish
Pronunciation
0 P RONUNCIATION
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error
ronouncing +panish based on the ,ritten ,ord is much simp)er than pronouncing Ang)ish based on ,ritten Ang)ish. 0his is because, ,ith e, e1ceptions, each )etter in the +panish a)phabet represents a sing)e sound, and e*en ,hen there are se*era) possib)e sounds, simp)e ru)es te)) us ,hich is the correct one. .n contrast, many )etters and )etter combinations in Ang)ish represent mu)tip)e sounds 6such as the ou and gh in ,ords )ike cough, rough, through, though, etc.7.
Letter-sound correspondences in Spanish

0he tab)e be)o, presents )etter/sound correspondences in the order o the traditiona) +panish a)phabet. 6;e er to the artic)e Writing system o +panish in Wikipedia or detai)s on the +panish a)phabet and a)phabetiTation.7 Name o t!e IPA Pronunciation o t!e letter "#nglis! appro$imation% letter 3a a a &ike a in father be, be 2b )arga, be b &ike b in bad. a)ta &et'een vo'els, the )ips shou)d not touch ,hen pronouncing the sound 6some,hat simi)ar to the v in value7. &e ore t!e vo'els e and i, )ike c in center 63mericas7 or Cc ce s/ th in thin 6+pain7. k #very'!ere else- )ike c in coffee &ike ch in church. .n 3rgentina it sounds a)most )ike j in Ch ch che t jump, but it=s c)ear)y di erent rom 3rgentinian y 6see be)o,7. %oes not ha*e an e1act Ang)ish eQui*a)ent. +ounds simi)ar to the d in day, but instead o the tongue touching the roo o the mouth behind the teeth, it shou)d touch the %d de d teeth themse)*es. 2et,een *o,e)s, the tongue shou)d be )o,ered so as to not touch the teeth 6some,hat simi)ar to the th in the7. Ae e e &ike e in ten. $ ee f &ike f in four. !g ge x &e ore t!e vo'els e and i, )ike a +panish j 6see be)o,7. #very'!ere else, )ike g in get, but bet,een *o,e)s g 6,here the second *o,e) is a, o or u7, the tongue shou)d Letter Wikibooks U (
Chapter 0 not touch the so t pa)ate 6no simi)ar sound in Ang)ish, but it=s some,hat )ike 3rabic ghain7. Silent, un)ess combined ,ith c 6see abo*e7. Nu/ or hi/ o))o,ed by another *o,e) at the start o the ,ord stand hache or /w/ 6Ang)ish w7 and /j/ 6Ang)ish y7. 3)so used in oreign ,ords )ike !)mster, ,here it is pronounced )ike a +panish j 6see be)o,7. i i &ike e in he. 2e ore other *o,e)s, it approaches y in you. &ike the ch in loch, a)though in many dia)ects it sounds Mota x/h )ike Ang)ish h. &ike the k in ask. Bn)y used in ,ords o oreign origin / ka k +panish pre ers c and qu 6see abo*e and be)o,, respecti*e)y7. %oes not ha*e an e1act Ang)ish eQui*a)ent. .t is simi)ar to the Ang)ish 4)4 in line, but shorter, or 4c)ipped.4 .nstead o e)e l the tongue touching the roo o the mouth behind the teeth, it shou)d touch the tip o the teeth themse)*es. Proper)y, )ike gl in the .ta)ian ,ord gli. %oes not ha*e an dob)e e)e, Ang)ish eQui*a)ent, but it=s some,hat simi)ar to li in /j e))e million. 'ery common)y simp)y pronounced as /j/ 6Ang)ish y7. eme m &ike m in more. &ike n in no. 2e ore p, *, and v 6and in some regions m7 sounds as m in important. $or e1amp)e un paso sounds umpaso. 2e ore g, +, , sound 6c, k , Q7, ' and !u sounds ene n )ike n in anchor5 un gato, un Muego, un cubo, un ki)o, un Queso, un ,hisky, un hueso. 2e ore y sound 6y or ll7, it sounds )ike , see be)o,. /nM/WW 6ny7 X vowel, as in canyon, ,here the y is *ery short. $or e1amp)e, ,hen pronouncing 4aGos4, think o it as eGe 4anyos4, or an/yos. 0o practice, repeat the onomatopoeia o che,ing5 4Gam, Gam, Gam4. o o &ike o in more, ,ithout the o))o,ing r sound. pe p &ike p in port. &ike q in quit. 3s in Ang)ish, it is a),ays o))o,ed by a u, but be ore e or i, the u is si)ent 6lquido is pronounced cu k / li!ki!"o/7. 0he Ang)ish /kw/ sound is norma))y ,ritten cu in +panish 6cuanto7, a)though qu can be used or this sound in ront o a or o 6qusar, qurum7. 0his has t,o pronunciations, neither o ,hich e1ist in Ang)ish. 0he =so t= pronunciation sounds )ike 3merican re)a1ed pronunciation o tt in 4butter4, and is ,ritten r ere, erre # 6a),ays ,ritten r7. 0he =hard= pronunciation is a mu)tip)y *ibrating sound, simi)ar to +cottish ro))ed r 6genera))y ,ritten rr7. =Nard= r is a)so the sound o r at the start o a ,ord or a ter l, n or s.
Nh
.i <M 9k
&)
&) )) :m
"n
VG Bo Pp
JQ
;r
- U +panish
Pronunciation &ike s in six. .n many p)aces it=s aspirated in ina) position, a)though in 3nda)usia it is not itse) pronounced, but changes the sound o the preceding *o,e). 6+ee regiona) *ariations7. %oes not ha*e an e1act Ang)ish eQui*a)ent. &ike to the t in ten, but instead o the tongue touching the roo o the mouth behind the teeth, it shou)d touch the teeth themse)*es. *e ore anot!er vo'el 6especia))y a ter c7, )ike w in twig. In t!e com*inations gue and gui', it is silent unless it has a diaresis gYe, gYi!, in which case it is as above" ,# #very'!ere else, )ike oo in pool, but shorter. .dentica) to +panish b 6see abo*e7. .t can pronunciated as 4*4, but it=s not common.
+s
ese
0t #u
te u
t w
$ '* u*e, *e, *e corta, *e baMa u*e dob)e, dob)e *e, dob)e u eQuis b,
W, Z1
#sed on)y in ,ords o oreign origin 6+panish pre ers u7. b, , Pronunciation *aries rom ,ord to ,ord5 watt is w pronounced )ike bat, but kiwi is pronounced )ike quihui. ks
Ry
>T
&ike ks 6Ang)ish x7 in extra. .n ,ords o 3merindian origin, )ike sh in she. 6"ote that x used to represent the sound o sh, ,hich then e*o)*ed into the sound no, ,ritten ,ith j. 3 e, ,ords ha*e retained the o)d spe))ing, but ha*e modern pronounciation. :ost notab)y, $%xico and its deri*ati*es are pronounced )ike $%jico. 0echnica))y, it is simp)y the pre erred spe))ing o i X *o,e) at the beginning o a ,ord or *o,e) X i at the end o a ,ord 6yeso rather than ieso, hay rather than hai7, and i griega, shou)d be pronounced e1act)y as i. No,e*er, in some i ye p)aces it is identica) to Ang)ish y. .n 3rgentina is pronounced simi)ar to the Ang)ish sh in she, or Ang)ish j in jump, and in Chi)e is pronounced /%/ 6)ike Ang)ish si in vision7. Teta, 3),ays the same sound as a so t c i.e. either // 6most o , s ceda +pain7 or /s/ 6e)se,here7. +ee c or detai)s.
One letter, one sound

Pronouncing +panish based on the ,ritten ,ord is much simp)er than pronouncing Ang)ish based on ,ritten Ang)ish. Aach *o,e) represents on)y one sound. With some e1ceptions 6such as w and x7, each consonant a)so represents one sound. :any consonants sound *ery simi)ar to their Ang)ish counterparts. 3s the tab)e indicates, the pronunciation o some consonants 6such as b7 does *ary ,ith the position o the consonant in the ,ord, ,hether it is bet,een *o,e)s Wikibooks U .
Chapter 0 or not, etc. 0his is entire)y predictab)e, so it doesn=t rea))y represent a breaking o the 4one )etter, one sound4 ru)e. 0he #ni*ersity o .o,a has a *ery *isua) and detai)ed e1p)anation o the +panish pronunciation.
Local pronunciation differences

<ust as in the Ang)ish/speaking ,or)d, peop)e in di erent +panish/speaking countries and areas speak ,ith di erent accents. 0he main di erence is that in the 3mericas t,o sounds ,ere )ost in comparison to +pain5 / sounds )ike s, and ll sounds )ike y. A*en in +pain most peop)e pronounce ll and y the same ,ay no,adays. .n 2o)i*ia and Peru, / is )ost but ll is kept. .n 3rgentina and #ruguay c! and ll ha*e a characteristic hard sound. .n :e1ico, *o,e)s are reduced to sch,a 6)ike in Ang)ish about, ce)estia), gori))a7. .n Puerto ;ico and Cuba they con use r and l. .n many countries j is not hard but it=s )ike an Ang)ish h 6as in hot7. 3 Chi)ean is heard as saying mujier instead o mujer. 3)so, in most parts o +pain, speakers pronounce T=s and so t c=s as th=s. $or e1amp)e, cinco 6in 3mericas pronounced )ike sinko7, ,ou)d be pronounced as 4thinko4. .n spite o these di erences, t,o +panish speakers rom di erent p)aces ,i)) a),ays understand each other, pro*ided they speak the cu)ti*ated *ersions o their respecti*e cities. . ast co))oQuia) speech is used, comprehension may be impaired.
Word stress
.n +panish there are t,o )e*e)s o stress ,hen pronouncing a sy))ab)e5 stressed and unstressed. 0o i))ustrate5 in the Ang)ish ,ord 4thinking4, 4think4 is pronounced ,ith stronger stress than 4ing4. . both sy))ab)es are pronounced ,ith the same stress, it sounds )ike 4thin king4. With one category o e1ceptions 6&mente ad*erbs7, a)) +panish ,ords ha*e one stressed sy))ab)e. . a ,ord has an accent mark 6[- e1p)icit accent7, the sy))ab)e ,ith the accent mark is stressed and the other sy))ab)es are unstressed. . a ,ord has no accent mark 6imp)icit accent7, the stressed sy))ab)e is predictab)e by ru)e 6see be)o,7. . you don=t put the stress on the correct sy))ab)e, the other person may ha*e troub)e understanding you. $or e1amp)e5 esta, ,hich has an imp)icit accent in the )etter e , means 4this 6 eminine74- and est, ,hich has an e1p)icit accent in the )etter a, means 4is.4 'ngl%s means 4Ang)ish,4 but ingles means 4groins.4 3d*erbs ending in &mente are stressed in t,o p)aces5 on the sy))ab)e ,here the accent a))s in the adMecti*a) root and on the men o &mente. $or e1amp)e5 est(pido \ est(pidamente.
0 U +panish
Pronunciation 0he *o,e) o an unstressed sy))ab)e shou)d be pronounced ,ith its true *a)ue, as sho,n in the tab)e abo*e. %on=t reduce unstressed *o,e)s to neutra) sch,a sounds, as occurs in Ang)ish.
Rules or pronouncing t!e implicit accent

0here are on)y t,o 6or one7 ru)es or pronouncing the imp)icit accent, 0he stressed sy))ab)e is in bo)d )etters5
. a ,ord has no accent mark and ends ,ith a *o,e) or ,ith n or s , the ne1t/to/)ast sy))ab)e is stressed. #$amples5 cara 6ca/ra7 6 ace7 mano 6ma/no7 6hand7 amarillo 6a/ma/ri/))o7 6ye))o,7 hablan 6!a/b)an7 6they speak7 martes 6mar/tes7 60uesday7 . a ,ord has no accent mark and ends ,ith a consonant other than n or s, the )ast sy))ab)e is stressed. #$amples5 farol 6 a/rol7 6street )amp7 a)ul 6a//ul7 6b)ue7 espaol 6es/pa/1ol7 6+panish7 salvador 6sa)/*a/dor7 6sa*ior7.
he diaeresis ! " #
.n the c)usters gue and gui, the u is not pronounced- it ser*es simp)y to gi*e the g a hard/g sound, )ike in the Ang)ish ,ord gut 6gue \ ]geW- gui \ ]giW7. No,e*er, i the u has a the diaeresis mark 6^7, it is pronounced )ike an Ang)ish w 6g*e \ ]g,eW- g*i \ ]g,iW7. 0his mark is rather rare. A1amp)es5 ping*ino _ penguin ag*%is 62nd person p)ura), present subMuncti*e o the *erb aguar7. Nere, the diaeresis preser*es the u 6or ],W7 sound in a)) the *erb tenses o aguar.
Wikibooks U 2
Chapter (
3 4C 56O
$ialo%ue
T# LLA6AS 7
Ral" +,ola- $e llamo .a(l# /0mo te llamas1 Sofa" ,ola, .a(l# $e llamo 2ofa# /0mo se escribe .a(l1 Ral" 2e escribe .&3&4&5# /6u% tal1 Sofa" 7ien# /8 t(1 Ral" 9enomenal, gracias# Sofa" +6u% fantstico- 3dis, .a(l# Ral" +,asta luego-
Hello&
Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4C:mo te llamas7 ;<ola= 9 <ello= Ingl>s Ne))o !ood morningS !ood dayS !ood e*eningS !ood nightS +ee you )aterS !oodbye #spa1ol No)a 6listen7 `2uenos daasS 6listen7 `2uenas tardesS 6listen7 `2uenas nochesS 6listen7 `Nasta )uegoS 6listen7 3diDs 6listen7
Notes
,asta means 4unti)4- luego means 4then4. .n the same *ein, hasta maana means 4see you tomorro,4. "ote the upside/do,n e1c)amation and Question marks- you ,i)) )earn more about them in )esson three.
#$amples

+7uenos das, clase!ood morning, c)assS ,ola, /6u% tal hoy1 Ne))o, ho, are you todayE 3dis, +hasta luego2ye, see you soonS
30 U +panish
CCDmo te ))amasE
What's (our na)e*

0o ask someone e)se=s name in +panish, use 0mo, then one o the phrases in the tab)e be)o, 6/0mo te llamas1 is 4What=s your nameE47. .n +panish, to say your name, you use the re )e1i*e *erb llamarse, ,hich means )itera))y to call oneself 6$e llamo .obert is 4:y name is ;obert47. Spanis! 8er* 9 4C:mo te llamas7 Llamarse 9 To call onesel #spa1ol . am ca))ed :e ))amo Rou 6 ami)iar, singu)ar7 are ca))ed 0e ))amas Ne/+he/Rou 6 orma), singu)ar7 is/are ca))ed +e ))ama We are ca))ed "os ))amamos Rou 6 ami)iar, p)ura)7 are ca))ed Bs ))amFis 0hey/Rou 6 orma), p)ura)7 are ca))ed +e ))aman Ingl>s
Notes
4Bs ))amFis4 ,ou)d on)y be used in +pain. .n a)) other +panish/speaking countries, 4+e ))aman4 is used in both ami)iar and orma) situations.
#$amples

$e llamo 0hris :y name is Chris 2e llaman :eter y .obert 0hey=re ca))ed Peter and ;obert. /0mo te llamas1 What=s your nameE /0mo se llama1 What=s his/her nameE
Ho+ are (ou*

Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4C:mo te llamas7 4?u> tal7 9 <o' are you7 Ingl>s No, are youE !reatS #spa1ol CJu? ta)E 6listen7 CCDmo estFsE $antFstico Wikibooks U 33
Chapter ( $antFstica :uy bien 2ien :a) $ata) CR tbE !racias 6listen7
'ery ,e)) We)) 2ad ;ea))y bad 3nd youE 0hank you
Note
$or some o the ,ords abo*e, there are t,o options. 0he one ending in 4o4 is or ma)es, and the one ending in 4a4 is or ema)es. .t=s a)) to do ,ith agreement, ,hich is co*ered in uture chapters.
#$amples

Roberto" ,ola, .osa# /6u% tal1 Ne))o, ;ose. No, are youE Rosa" $uy bien, gracias# /8 t(, .oberto1 'ery ,e)), thanks. 3nd you, ;obertE Roberto" 7ien tambi%n# +,asta luego.=m good too. +ee you )aterS
he Spanish alphabet
Nere is the norma) +panish a)phabet. No,e*er, ,ords aren=t a)phabetiTed by it. P)ease read the notes and sections be)o,. 62)ue )etters are a part o the norma) Ang)ish a)phabet7. 3 @ A 4 ( - . 0 2 30 33 3@ 3A 34 3( 3- 3. 30 32 @0 @3 @@ @A @4 @( @- @. @0 a b c d e g h i M k ) m n G o p Q r rr s t u * , 1 y T Notes a*out and RR ; and < are considered t,o di erent )etters, as are .. and . 6though no ,ords begin ,ith ..7. 0hey are a)phabetiTed as separate )etters, so < a),ays comes a ter ;, regard)ess o ,here it appears in the ,ord. A15 mueca comes a ter municipal, and carro comes a ter carta. Notes a*out CH and LL 0, and 55 used to be considered as distinct )etters o the a)phabet, but in (LLI, the ;ea) 3cademia AspaGo)a 6+panish ;oya) 3cademy7 dec)ared that 0, and 55 ,ere not )etters but digraphs. 3ccording)y, ,ords beginning ,ith 0, and 55 are no, a)phabetiTed under 0 and 5, respecti*e)y. Notes a*out K and W 3@ U +panish
CCDmo te ))amasE = and > are part o the a)phabet but are most)y seen in oreign deri*ed ,ords and names, such as karate and ,hiskey. $or instance, ki)o is common)y used to re er to a ki)ogram. 3)though the abo*e ,i)) he)p you understand, proper pronunciation o +panish consonants is a bit more comp)icated5 :ost o the consonants are pronounced as they are in 3merican Ang)ish ,ith these e1ceptions5 * )ike the Ang)ish b at the start o a ,ord and a ter m or n c be ore a, o, u and other consonants, )ike Ang)ish k c be ore i and e )ike Ang)ish th in cthinkd 6in &atin 3merica is )ike Ang)ish s7 c! )ike ch in ccheesed d bet,een *o,e)s 6e*en i it starts a ,ord o))o,ing a ,ord ending in a *o,e)7 or at the end o a ,ord, )ike Ang)ish d in denta) g be ore e or i )ike the +cottish pronunciation o ch in c)ochd, e1cept that it is *oiced g be ore a or o )ike g in cgetd ! is a),ays si)ent 6e1cept in the digraph ch7 + )ike the h in hote) ll is pronounced )ike Ang)ish y in cyesd 1 )ike nio in coniond 6or gn in $rench cognac7 B )ike the Ang)ish k r s)ight)y tri))ed- )ike a so t d e1cept at the beginning o a ,ord or a ter l, n or s ,here it is tri))ed rr shou)d be tri))ed )onger than a sing)e r v is pronounced )ike b, there is no distinction ,hatsoe*er bet,een 2 and '. / )ike the Ang)ish th 6in &atin 3merica, )ike Ang)ish s7
Ho+ do (ou spell that*

Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4C:mo te llamas7 4?u> tal7 9 <o' are you7 Ingl>s No, is it spe)tE .t is spe)t 2 as in 2arce)ona #spa1ol CCDmo se escribeE +e escribe 2 de 2arce)ona
#$amples
Roberto" 7uenos das# $e llamo .oberto# /0mo te llamas1 !ood day. :y name is ;obert. What=s your nameE Wikibooks U 3A
Chapter ( Benjamn" ,ola# $e llamo 7enjamn# /0mo se escribe .oberto1 Ne))o. .=m 2enMamin. No, do you spe)) ;obertE Roberto" 2e escribe . de .ioja!? @ de @rangutan!? 7 de 7arcelona!? A de Aspaa!? . de .ioja!? B de Bigre!? @ de @rangutan!# .t=s spe)t ; 6as in ;ioMa7- B 6as in Brangutan7- 2 6as in 2arce)ona7- A 6as in +pain7- ; 6as in ;ioMa7- 0 6as in 0iger7- B 6as in Brangutan7. Benjamn" $uchas gracias# +3dis, .oberto:any thanks. !oodbye, ;obert.
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earned No, to greet peop)e 6,ola? buenos das? adis7. No, to introduce yourse) 6$e llamo .osa7. No, to introduce others 62e llama .oberto7. No, to say ho, you are 69enomenal? fatal? bien7. No, to spe)) your name 62e escribe :&A&B&A&.7. No, to ask others about any o the abo*e 6/0mo te llamas1? /0mo ests1? /0mo se escribe17.

Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound be)o,7, and trans)ate the dia)ogue at the top be ore mo*ing on to )esson 2.
,-ercises
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit e1ercises P add an e1ercise P comment 0he ans,ers can be ound be)o,. 3)so, try trans)ating the dia)ogue at the top o the )esson page.
<ello=
What greeting ,ou)d you use... (. 3t H500pmE 2. 3t (0500amE 3. 3t 3500pmE I. When you=re going to bedE
C!atDs your name7

0rans)ate the o))o,ing phrases. (. :e ))amo +o aa. 34 U +panish
CCDmo te ))amasE 2. CCDmo os ))amFisE 3. "os ))amamos Peter y Car)os. I. CCDmo se ))amanE (. Ner name is +a))y. 2. What are you ca))edE 3. Nis name is ;ab). I. :y name is +antiago.
<o' are you7

;ank the o))o,ing ,ords rom one to i*e 6one being the best, i*e being the ,orst7.

2ien $antFstico $ata) :a) :uy bien
<o' do you spell t!at7

Put the o))o,ing )etters in +panish a)phabetica) order. Pronounce them as you do so.

;; J " + ; V 3 %
,-ercise ans+ers
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit ans,ers P add an ans,er P comment
Eialogue
Ral" ,ello- 'Cm .a(l# >hatCs your name1 Sofa" ,i .a(l, 'Cm 2ofa# ,ow do you spell .a(l1 Ral" 'tCs spelt .&3&4&5# ,ow are you1 Sofa" >ell# 3nd yourself1 Wikibooks U 3(
Chapter ( Ral" Doing great, thanks# Sofa" ,ow fantastic- EoodbyeRal" 2ee you later#
<ello=
(. 2uenas 2. 2uenas 3. 2uenos I. 2uenas tardes maGanas daas noches
C!atDs your name7

(. :y name is +ophie. 2. What are your namesE 3. We are Peter and Car). I. What are they ca))edE (. +e ))ama +a))y. 2. CCDmo te ))amasE 3. +e ))ama ;ab). I. :e ))amo +antiago 6Fames in Ang)ish7.
<o' are you7

(. $antFstico 2. :uy bien 3. 2ien I. :a)a @. $ata)
<o' do you spell t!at7

(. 3 2. % 3. " I. V @. J 6. ; K. ;; H. +
3- U +panish
CCuFndo es tu cump)eaGosE
@ 4C UFNEO
$ialo%ue
#S TU CU6PL#AGOS 7
Ral5 `No)a, +o aaS :e ))amo ;ab). CJu? echa es hoyE Sofa5 No)a, ;ab). Noy es e) diecisiete de octubre. Ral5 :uchas gracias. :i cump)eaGos es e) *iernes. Sofa5 `$e)iT cump)eaGosS Ral5 !racias. CCuFntos aGos tienesE Sofa5 0engo *einte aGos. Ral5 'a)e. 3diDs, +o aa. Sofa5 `Nasta )uegoS
he nu)bers
(. #no 2. %os 3. 0res I. Cuatro K. +iete @. Cinco H. Bcho 6. +eis L. "ue*e (0. %ieT
((. Bnce (2. %oce (3. 0rece
(I. Catorce (K. %iecisiete (@. Juince (H. %ieciocho (6. %iecis?is (L. %iecinue*e
20. 'einte
2(. 'eintiuno 22. 'eintidos 23. 'eintitr?s
2I. 'einticuatro 2K. 'eintisiete 2@. 'einticinco 2H. 'eintiocho 26. 'eintis?is 2L. 'eintinue*e
30. 0reinta
I0. Cuarenta 60. +esenta @0. Cincuenta K0. +etenta
H0. Bchenta L0. "o*enta
(00. Cien
"otes
0o orm the numbers rom thirty to one hundred, you take the mu)tip)e o ten be)o, it, then y, then its units *a)ue 64@I4 _ cincuenta y cuatro- 4K24 _ setenta y dos7. When using 4uno4, mascu)ine orm o ten uses 4un4 instead, i the noun that Wikibooks U 3.
Chapter 2 the ,ord 4uno4 is re erencing to is in the sentence.
#$amples
Bengo diecisiete gatos . ha*e (K cats. ,ay treinta y cinco aulas 0here are 3@ c)assrooms. Bengo noventa y seis primos# . ha*e L6 cousins. ,ay veintidos alumnos en esta clase# 0here are 22 students in this c)ass. /0untos hermanos tienes1 No, many brothers/sisters do you ha*eE 6,hen asking , the mascu)ine orm is used as neutra), i gender is unkno,n7 GnoHuna# 2hort answer, note that gender is applied as gender is now known! Bne. Bengo un hermano# H Bengo una hermana 6note the use o 4un4 instead o 4uno4 or mascu)ine orm7 . ha*e a brother. / . ha*e a sister +6uiero un caramelo. ,ant a candyS +6uiero uno. ,ant oneS
Ho+ old are (ou*

0o ask someone e)se=s age in +panish, use 0untos aos, then one o the entries in the tab)e be)o, 6/0untos aos tienes1 means 4No, o)d are youE47 0o say someone=s age in +panish, you use the irregu)ar *erb tener 6,hich means 4to ha*e47, then your age, then aos 6,hich means 4years47. $or e1amp)e, Bengo trece aos means 4. ha*e (3 years4 or 4. am (3 years o)d4. Spanis! 8er* 9 4Cu)ndo es tu cumplea1os7 Tener 9 To !ave Ingl>s . ha*e Rou 6 ami)iar, singu)ar7 ha*e Ne/+he/Rou 6 orma), singu)ar7/.t has We ha*e Rou 6 ami)ar, p)ura)7 ha*e 0hey/Rou 6 orma), p)ura)7 ha*e #spa1ol 0engo 0ienes 0iene 0enemos 0en?is 0ienen
30 U +panish
Note
40en?is4 ,ou)d on)y be used in +pain. .n a)) other countries one ,ou)d use 40ienen4 in both ami)iar and orma) situations.
#$amples

Bengo veinte aos . am 20 years o)d. /0untos aos tienes1 No, o)d are youE Biene ochenta y siete aos# Ne is HK years o)d. /0untos aos tienen1 No, o)d are theyE
What's the date toda(*

0o ask or the date in +panish, you use /6u% fecha es hoy1 6meaning 4What=s the date todayE47. .n rep)y, you ,ou)d say ,oy es Iday of the weekJ, IdateJ de Imonth of the yearJ 6$or e1amp)e, ,oy es martes, el veinticinco de mayo is 40oday is 0uesday, the 2@th o :ay47. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4Cu)ndo es tu cumplea1os7 Los meses del a1o 9 T!e mont!s o t!e year Ingl>s <anuary $ebruary :arch 3pri) :ay <une <u)y 3ugust +eptember Bctober "o*ember %ecember #spa1ol enero ebrero marTo abri) mayo Munio Mu)io agosto septiembre octubre no*iembre diciembre Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4Cu)ndo es tu cumplea1os7 Los dHas de la semana 9 T!e days o t!e 'ee, Ingl>s :onday 0uesday Wednesday 0hursday $riday +aturday +unday #spa1ol )unes martes mi?rco)es Mue*es *iernes sFbado domingo
Wikibooks U 32
Chapter 2
Notes
"either days o the ,eek nor months o the year are capita)ised, un)ess at the beginning o sentences. Bn the irst o the month, the +panish say primero 6,oy es domingo, primero de enero7.
#$amples
/6u% fecha es hoy1 What=s the date todayE ,oy es mi%rcoles, veintinueve de septiembre# 0oday is Wednesday, the 2Lth o +eptember ,oy es jueves, quince de agosto# 0oday is 0hursday, the (@th o 3ugust. ,oy es sbado, dos de enero# 0oday is +aturday, the 2nd o <anuary.
When's (our birthda(*

Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4Cu)ndo es tu cumplea1os7 Cumplea1os 9 T!e days o t!e 'ee, Ingl>s When=s your birthdayE :y birthday is Bn the irst o :ay Bn Wednesday Nappy birthdayS #spa1ol CCuFndo es tu cump)eaGosE :i cump)eaGos es A) primero de mayo A) mi?rco)es `$e)iT cump)eaGosS
#$amples

$i cumpleaos es el once de julio# :y birthday is on the ((th o <u)y. $i cumpleaos es el ocho de diciembre# :y birthday is on the Hth o %ecember. /0undo es tu cumpleaos1 When is your birthdayE $i cumpleaos es el sbado# :y birthday is on +aturday.
@0 U +panish
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earned5 0he numbers rom one to one hundred 6uno? veintiocho? noventa? cien7 0he days o the ,eek 6lunes? mi%rcoles? viernes7 0he months o the year 6enero? abril? octubre? diciembre7 No, to say your age 6Bengo cuarenta aos7 No, to ask the age o others 6/0untos aos tienes17 No, to say today=s date 6,oy es jueves, el veintinueve de noviembre7 No, to say your birthday 6$i cumpleaos es el primero de agosto - mi cump)eaGos es e) martes! No, to ask the birthday o others 6/0undo es tu cumpleaos17
Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound be)o,7, and trans)ate the dia)ogue at the top be ore mo*ing on to )esson 3.
,-ercises
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit e1ercises P add an e1ercise P comment 0he ans,ers can be ound be)o,. 3)so, try trans)ating the dia)ogue at the top o the )esson page.
T!e num*ers
Write the o))o,ing numbers using +panish ,ords. (. @ 2. 2K 3. 6L I. IH @. HI 6. ( K. KK H. @3 L. 3H (0. (00
<o' old are you7

0rans)ate the o))o,ing phrases. (. 0ienen seis aGos y dieT aGos. 2. 0iene 3. CCuFntos aGos tienesE I. 0engo @. 0engo cuarenta y siete aGos. 6. 0enemos K. CCuFntos aGos tienenE H. C0iene trece aGosE Wikibooks U @3
Chapter 2 (. Rou 6 ami)iar, singu)ar7 ha*e 2. 3re you 6 ami)iar, p)ura)7 (2E 3. 0hey ha*e I. No, o)d is sheE @. Rears 6. .=m 6@ years o)d. K. . ha*e H. Ne is (L years o)d.
C!atDs t!e date today7
%escribe the o))o,ing dates in +panish. (. 0he 2@th o %ecember 2. 0he 3rd o :ay 3. 0he 2nd o 3pri) I. 0he Lth o Bctober @. 0he (st o <une &ist the days o the ,eek in t,o co)umns- ,eekends and ,eekdays.
C!enDs your *irt!day7

+ay the birthday o 5

Rourse) Rour parent6s7 0,o o your riends
,-ercise ans+ers
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit ans,ers P add an ans,er P comment
Eialogue
Ral" ,ello, 2ofa- 'Cm .a(l# />hatCs the date today1 Sofa" ,i, .a(l# Boday is the KLth of @ctober# Ral" $any thanks# $y birthday is on 9riday# Sofa" ,appy birthdayRal" Bhanks# ,ow old are you1 Sofa" 'Cm MN years old# Ral" @=# 7ye 2ophieSofa" 2ee you soon-
@@ U +panish
T!e num*ers
I. Cuarenta y ocho (. Cinco K. +etenta y siete @. Bchenta y 2. 'eintisiete H. Cincuenta y tres cuatro 3. +esenta y nue*e L. 0reinta y ocho 6. #no (0. Cien
<o' old are you7

(. 0hey are 6 and (0 years o)d. 2. Ne/+he/.t has 3. No, o)d are youE I. . ha*e @. .=m IK years o)d. 6. We ha*e K. No, o)d are theyE H. .s he/she (3 years o)d. (. 0ienes 2. C0en?is doce aGosE 3. 0ienen I. CCuFntos aGos tieneE @. 3Gos 6. 0engo sesenta y cinco aGos. K. 0engo H. 0iene diecinue*e aGos.
C!atDs t!e date today7

(. A) *einticinco de diciembre 6na*idad _ Christmas7 2. A) tres de mayo 3. A) dos de abri) I. A) nue*e de octubre @. A) primero de Munio Weekends5 sFbado, domingo Weekdays5 )unes, martes, mi?rco)es, Mue*es, *iernes
C!enDs your *irt!day7

Rou ,i)) ha*e to check this one yourse) .
Wikibooks U @A
Chapter 3
A I NTROEUCCI5N
Articles
A LA IRA6FTICA
3s in many )anguages, +panish gi*es each noun a gender5 masculine or eminine, both or singu)ar things and p)ura) ones. +panish, )ike Ang)ish, has t,o artic)es5 the de inite artic)e 64the47 and the inde inite artic)e 64a4 or 4an47. No,e*er, there are I orms, depending on the number and gender o the noun. 0he p)ura) inde inite artic)e is 4some4 in +panish.
. the noun ends in a *o,e), to make it p)ura), add s 6gato / 4cat4- gatos / 4cats47. . the noun ends in a consonant, to make it p)ura), add es 6papel / 4paper4- papeles / 4papers47.
Nappi)y, the gender o +panish nouns is usua))y pretty easy to ,ork out. +ome *ery simp)e ru)es/o /thumb5

. it ends in a, d, ) or in5 it=s )ike)y to be eminine. . it ends in o, ma or another consonant5 it=s )ike)y to be mascu)ine.
Ee inite articles
Spanis! Irammar 9 Introducci:n a la gram)tica T!e de inite article #l artHculo de inido masculine eminine singular plural singular plural e) )os )a )as e) hombre )os niGos )a muMer )as niGas the the the the man boys ,oman gir)s
Inde inite articles

Spanis! Irammar 9 Introducci:n a la gram)tica T!e inde inite article #l artHculo inde inido masculine eminine singular plural singular plural un unos una unas un hombre unos niGos una muMer unas niGas a man some boys a ,oman some gir)
@4 U +panish
.ntroducciDn a )a gramFtica
.e%ular /erbs
We ha*e a)ready seen the present tense conMugations o t,o +panish *erbs, llamarse and tener. No,e*er, both o these *erbs are irregular *erbs. &ucki)y, most *erbs o))o, an easy to understand conMugation scheme. .n +panish, the conMugation depends on ,hat the )ast t,o )etters o the in initi*e are. 0he infinitive orm is the orm that is gi*en in the dictionary. 3n e1amp)e o an Ang)ish *erb in the in initi*e might be to run or to speak. +panish *erbs in the in initi*e end ,ith 4/ar4, 4/er4 or 4/ir4. 0o conMugate them, remo*e the ending64/ir4, 4/er4 or 4/ar47 and add the desired su i1. #n)ike Ang)ish, +panish *erbs conMugate depending on the person- 0hat is, they change depending on ,ho is being ta)ked about. 0his occurs in Ang)ish in the third person singu)ar 6high)ighted be)o,7 but in +panish this occurs or e*ery person. 3s a resu)t, pronouns are o ten omitted because they can be in erred rom the conMugation. Person in #nglis! Singular Plural Jirst . p)ay We p)ay Second Rou p)ay Rou a)) p)ay T!ird Ne/+he/.t p)ays 0hey p)ay
T!e Present Tense

Regular Kar 8er*s Singular Plural Jirst /o /amos Second /as /Fis T!ird /a /an
Regular Ker 8er*s Singular Plural /o /emos Jirst /?is Second /es /en T!ird /e
Regular Kir 8er*s Singular Plural Jirst /o /imos Second /es /as Wikibooks U @(
Chapter 3 T!ird /e /en
Present Tense #$amples

!a*lar "to spea,% Singular Plural hab)o hab)amos Jirst hab)Fis Second hab)as hab)an T!ird hab)a 5lorar 64to cry475 ))oro, ))oras, ))ora, ))oramos, ))orFis, ))oran 0ocinar 64to cook475 cocino, cocinas, cocina, cocinamos, cocinFis, cocinan

0omer 64to eat475 como, comes, come, comemos, com?is, comen 7eber 64to drink475 bebo, bebes, bebe, bebemos, beb?is, beben Oivir 64to )i*e475 *i*o, *i*es, *i*e, *i*imos, *i*as, *i*en 0ubrir 64to co*er475 cubro, cubres, cubre, cubrimos, cubras, cubren
Notes
0here are many more 4/ar4 *erbs than 4/er4 or 4/ir4. :ake sure you are most ami)iar ,ith these endings. 0he second person p)ura) is high)ighted because that tense is on)y used in the *ariety o +panish used in +pain. .n other +panish dia)ects the third person p)ura) orm is used instead. When reading te1ts, you ,i)) need to kno, the person o the *erb at a g)ance. "otice the pattern5 (. 4B4 denotes ' 2. 4+4 denotes 8ou 3. 3 *o,e) that is not 4B4 denotes ,eH2heH't I. 4:B+4 denotes >e @. 4.+4 denotes 8ou 3ll 6. 4"4 denotes Bhey
0uestions and ,-cla)ations

.n pre*ious )essons, you ,i)) ha*e noticed that ,e use the unny upside/do,n Question mark 4C4. .n +panish, Questions a),ays start ,ith that, and inish ,ith the regu)ar Question mark. .t is the same or e1c)amations- the unny upside/ do,n e1c)amation mark 4`4 precedes e1c)amations. Juestions in +panish are main)y done by intonation 6raising the *oice at the @- U +panish
.ntroducciDn a )a gramFtica end o the Question7, since Questions are o ten identica) to statements. Be llamas .ichard means 4Rour name is ;ichard4, and /Be llamas .ichard1 means 4.s your name ;ichardE4. Rou can a)so use Questions ,ords, as indicated be)o,. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 Introducci:n a la gram)tica ?uestions Preguntas #spa1ol C%DndeE CJui?nE CJu?E CCDmoE CPor Qu?E CCuFndoE WhereE WhoE WhatE No,E WhyE WhenE Ingl>s
#$amples

/0on qui%n1 With ,homE /Dnde est el banco1 Where is the bankE /0undo es tu cumpleaos1 When=s your birthdayE /6u% fecha es hoy1 What is the date todayE +,asta luego+ee you )aterS
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earned5 0he +panish artic)es 6el? la? los? las? un? uno? unos? unas7. No, to conMugate regu)ar *erbs in the present tense 6lloro? comes? vive? cocinamos? beb%is? cubren7. No, to Question peop)e and e1c)aim in +panish 6/0untos aos tienes1`Ju? antFsticoS!

Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound be)o,7 be ore mo*ing on. 0his is a *ery important topic or uture )essons- it=s important that you kno, it ,e)).
Wikibooks U @.
Chapter 3
,-ercises
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit e1ercises P add an e1ercise 6ans,er7 P comment 0he ans,ers can be ound in the ne1t section. 3)so, try trans)ating the dia)ogue at the top o the )esson.
Articles
0rans)ate the o))o,ing rom +panish into Ang)ish. (. #nas niGas 2. &os hombres 3. #nos hombres I. &as niGas @. #n niGo 6. A) niGo K. &a muMer H. #na muMer 0rans)ate the o))o,ing rom Ang)ish into +panish. (. 0he ,omen 2. +ome men 3. 0he boy I. 0he gir)s @. +ome gir)s 6. 3 man K. +ome boys H. 3 gir) Which o the o))o,ing nouns are mascu)ineE (. &os chicos 2. #nas niGas 3. A) gato I. &a manTana @. #nas uGas 6. #n perro K. &as mesas H. #nas cosas
Regular ver*s
0he o))o,ing are conMugated *erb orms- ,hat person are theyE (. &)oro 2. CocinFis 3. 0enemos I. Nab)an
@0 U +panish
.ntroducciDn a )a gramFtica @. Compro 6. 3braTas K. ))e*o H. 'i*imos
ConMugate the o))o,ing *erbs or the person indicated. (. Cocinar- they 2. Comer- she 3. 3mar- ,e I. 0ener- . @. Nab)ar- you singu)ar 6. 0emer- . K. Comer- you p)ura) H. 'i*ir- he
?uestions and #$clamations

0rans)ate the o))o,ing Questions rom Ang)ish into +panish, or *ice *ersa. (. CCuFntos aGos tienesE 2. Why do they cryE 3. CCDmo te ))amasE I. Where do they )i*eE @. CJu? comesE 6. What=s his nameE K. C%Dnde *i*asE H. No, o)d are you 6p)ura), ami)iar7E
,-ercise ans+ers
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit ans,ers P add an ans,er 6e1ercise7 P comment
Articles
(. +ome gir)s 2. 0he men 3. +ome men I. 0he gir)s @. 3 boy 6. 0he boy K. 0he ,oman H. 3 ,oman (. &as muMeres 2. #nos hombres Wikibooks U @2
Chapter 3 3. A) niGo I. &as niGas @. #nas niGas 6. #n hombre K. #nos niGos H. #na niGa (. &os chicos 2. A) gato 3. #n perro
Regular ver*s
(. . 2. Rou p)ura) 3. We I. 0hey @. . 6. Rou singu)ar K. . H. We (. Cocinan 2. Come 3. 3mamos I. 0engo @. Nab)as 6. 0emo K. Com?is H. 'i*e
?uestions and #$clamations

(. No, o)d are youE 2. CPor Qu? ))oranE 3. What=s your nameE I. C%Dnde *i*enE @. What do you eatE 6. CCDmo se ))amaE K. Where do you )ot )i*eE H. CCuFntos aGos ten?isE
A0 U +panish
C%Dnde *i*esE
4 4E 5NE#
$ialo%ue
8I8#S 7
&ondres Pero Pu?s Ral5 `No)aS C%Dnde *i*esE Sofa5 No)a, ;ab). 'i*o en un piso en &ondres, .ng)aterra. CR tbE Ral5 'a)e. 'i*o en e) sur de AspaGa. Sofa5 CAn e) campo o )a ciudadE Ral5 A) campo. &as ciudades son ruidosas. Sofa5 +a, pero no hay nada para hacer en e) campo. Ral5 Pues, `adiDs, +o aaS Sofa5 `Nasta )uegoS
8oca*ulary &ondon 2ut We))
Countries of the World
A) ;eino #nido .ng)aterra
Ascocia
!a)es
.r)anda
AspaGa
$rancia
3)emania
.ta)ia
;usia
&os Astados #nidos
CanadF
"ue*a >e)anda 3ustra)ia
:?1ico
C!ere do you live7

0o say you are rom a country, you use ser 6meaning 4to be ]a permanent characteristicW47, then de 6meaning 4o 4 or 4 rom47, then the country or p)ace. 0o say you are current)y )i*ing in a p)ace or country, you use vivir 6meaning 4to )i*e47, then en 6meaning 4in47, then the country or p)ace. 0o ask ,here someone e)se )i*es, you use Dnde then vivir 6/Dnde vives1 means 4Where do you )i*eE47. 0o ask ,here someone is rom, you use De dnde, Wikibooks U A3
Chapter I then ser 6/De dnde eres1 means 4Where are you romE47. Whi)e vivir is tota))y regu)ar 6*i*o, *i*es, *i*e, *i*imos, *i*as, *i*en7, ser is about as irregu)ar as they come. .t is conMugated be)o,. Spanis! 8er* 9 4E:nde vives7 Ser 9 To *e Ingl>s . Rou Ne/+he/.t We Rou a)) 0hey #$amples

#spa1ol +oy Ares As +omos +ois +on
Oivo en 'nglaterra . )i*e in Ang)and. 2on de Aspaa, pero viven en 3lemania# 0hey are rom +pain, but they )i*e in !ermany.
T!e compass
A) noroeste A) oeste A) sudoeste #$amples

A) norte Z A) sur
A) noreste A) este A) sudeste
Oivo en el suroeste de $%xico# . )i*e in the +outh,est o :e1ico. 2oy del norte de 3ustralia# .=m rom the north o 3ustra)ia.
Habitations
Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4E:nde vives7 Casas 9 <ouses #spa1ol 3 house #na casa 3 detached house #na casa indi*idua) 3 semi/detached house #na casa adosada A@ U +panish Ingl>s
C%Dnde *i*esE 3 3 3 3 terraced house )at bunga)o, room
#n piso #n bunga)o, #na habitaciDn
Note .t=s una habitacin, but the p)ura) is unas habitaciones 6,ithout the accent7.
#$amples

Oivo en un piso# . )i*e in a )at. Oivo en una casa adosada en 0anad# . )i*e in a semi/detatched house in Canada. Oive en un bungalow que tiene die) habitaciones# Ne )i*es in a bunga)o, that has ten rooms.
Ad1ecti2es
3s ,e a)ready )earnt, +panish nouns each ha*e a gender. 0his doesn=t Must a ect the artic)e, but the adMecti*e- it has to agree. 3)so, adMecti*es go a ter the noun, not be ore it. . the adMecti*e 6in its natura) orm / the orm ound in the dictionary7, ends in an 4B4 or an 434, then you remo*e that *o,e) and add...

@ or mascu)ine singu)ar nouns @2 or mascu)ine p)ura) nouns 3 or eminine singu)ar nouns 32 or eminine p)ura) nouns.
#$amples

Gn hombre bueno 3 good man Gnos hombres buenos +ome good men Gna mujer buena 3 good ,oman Gnas mujeres buenas +ome good ,omen
Wikibooks U AA
Chapter I
Cit( and Countr(side
C&a ciudadE
CB e) campoE
9orestK, by AleassarLLL!
Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4E:nde vives7 4La ciudad o el campo7 9 T!e city or t!e countryside7 Ingl>s 0he city 0he countryside 0he good thing about ... is that 0he bad thing about ... is that 0here are )ots o things to do 0here isn=t anything to do Rou can ,a)k in ,ood)ands 0here isn=t any o)iage Pretty &i*e)y Juiet 2oring "oisy #spa1ol &a ciudad A) campo &o bueno sobre ... es Que &o ma)o sobre ... es Que Nay mucho para hacer "o hay nada para hacer +e puede caminar en )os bosQues "o Queda ningbn o))aMe 2onito 3nimado 0ranQui)o 3burrido ;uidoso
#$amples

5a ciudad es ruidosa# 0he city is noisy. Bhe countryside is boring# A) campo es aburrido. 5o bueno sobre la ciudad es que hay mucho para hacer# 0he good thing about the city is that there are )ots o the things to do. 5o malo sobre la ciudad es que no queda ningunas plantas# 0he bad thing about the city is that there isn=t any o))iage.
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earned
A4 U +panish
C%Dnde *i*esE
'arious countries o the ,or)d 63ustralia? 'talia? 9rancia? los Astados Gnidos7. No, to say ,here you and others )i*e and come rom 6Oivo en 'nglaterra? 2omos de Eales7. No, to ask ,here someone )i*es 6/Dnde vives17. 0he points o the compass 6el sur? el noroeste? el oeste7. No, to describe your house 6una casa? un piso7. 0he basics o adMecti*es ending in 4B4 or 434 6 la mujer mala? el nio bonito7. No, to ta)k about the city o the countryside 6la ciudad? el campo? no hay mucho para hacer7.
Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound in the ne1t section7, and trans)ate the dia)ogue at the top be ore mo*ing on to )esson i*e.
,-ercises
Countries o t!e Corld
0rans)ate the o))o,ing sentences rom +panish to Ang)ish. (. 'i*o en .ng)aterra 2. +on de AspaGa 3. CAres de 3)emaniaE I. 'i*imos en e) sur de $rancia @. C'i*as en !a)esE 6. As de Ascocia K. C%Dnde *i*eE H. +omos de) norte de .r)anda L. 'i*en en e) suroeste de )os Astados #nidos (0.+oy de CanadF 0rans)ate the o))o,ing sentences rom Ang)ish to +panish (. We come rom +pain 2. . )i*e in Ang)and 3. Ne comes rom the north o :e1ico I. Where are you romE @. Why do you )i*e in 3ustra)iaE 6. 0hey come rom Canada K. %o you )ot )i*e in Wa)esE H. Ne=s rom the #9 L. +he )i*es in eastern !ermany Wikibooks U A(
Chapter I (0.Where does he come romE
<a*itations
:atch the +panish to the Ang)ish. (. 2. 3. I. @. 6. K. H. L. ;oom Nouse 2unga)o, 3partment 0o )i*e 0erraced house ;ooms %etatched house $)ats a. 2unga)o, b. Casa indi*idua) c. NabitaciDn d. 'i*ir e. Nabitaciones . Pisos g. Casa h. Piso i. Casa adosada
Ad+ectives
Correct the o))o,ing sentences. (. &as hombres ma)as 2. #n niGo buenos 3. #nas niGas ma)o I. #n muMer buena @. A) hombre buena 6. &a niGa bonito K. #nos hombres ma)as H. &os muMers ma)os
City and countryside

0rans)ate the o))o,ing rom +panish to Ang)ish and *isa *ersa. (. &a ciudad es ruidosa 2. . )i*e in a house in the countryside 3. A) campo es antFstica- se puede caminar en )os bosQues I. +he is rom the city @. 'i*en en e) campo de .ng)aterra 6. 0he city is )i*e)y- hay mucho para hacer K. &o ma)o sobre )a ciudad es Que no Queda ninguna o))aMe H. %o you )i*e in the city or the countrysideE
A- U +panish
C%Dnde *i*esE
,-ercise ans+ers
Eialogue
Ral" ,ello- >here do you live1 Sofa" ,ello, .a(l# ' live in a flat in 5ondon, Angland# 3nd you1 Ral" @=# ' live in the 2outh of 2pain# Sofa" Bhe the countryside or the city1 Ral" Bhe country# 0ities are noisy# Sofa" 8es, but thereCs nothing to do in the countryside# Ral" >ell, bye 2ophieSofa" 2ee you-
Countries o t!e Corld

(. . )i*e in Ang)and 2. 0hey=re rom +pain 3. 3re you rom !ermanyE I. We )i*e in the +outh o $rance @. %o you )ot )i*e in Wa)esE 6. Ne/+he/.t is rom +cot)and K. Where does he/she/it )i*eE H. We are rom "orthern .re)and L. 0hey )i*e in +outh,estern #+3 (0.. am rom Canada (. +omos de AspaGa 2. 'i*o en .ng)aterra 3. As de) norte de :?Mico I. C%e dDnde eresE @. CPor Qu? *i*es en 3ustra)iaE 6. +on de CanadF K. C'i*as en !a)esE H. As de) ;eino #nido L. 'i*e en e) este de 3)emania (0.C%e dDnde esE
<a*itations
(. c 2. g 3. a I. h Wikibooks U A.
Chapter I @. d 6. i K. e H. b L.
Ad+ectives
(. &os hombres ma)os 2. #n niGo bueno 3. #nas niGas ma)as I. #na muMer buena @. A) hombre bueno 6. &a niGa bonita K. #nos hombres ma)os H. &as muMeres ma)as
City and Countryside

(. 0he city is noisy 2. 'i*o en una casa en e) campo 3. 0he countryside is antastic- you can ,a)k in ,ood)and I. As de )a ciudad @. 0hey )i*e in the Ang)ish countryside 6. &a ciudad es animada- there=s )oads to do K. 0he bad thing about the city is that there isn=t any o)iage H. C'i*es en )a ciudad o e) campoE
A0 U +panish
CJu? te gusta hacerE
( 4? UL
$ialo%ue
T# IUSTA <AC#R 7
8oca*ulary 0odo e) tiempo 3)) the time `Nasta maGanaS +ee you tomorro,S %i*ertido $un Ral5 `No)a, +o aaS C0e gustan )os deportesE Sofa5 2uenos daas. :e encanta Mugar a) btbo). CR tbE Ral5 "o mucho. +in embargo, practico nataciDn todo e) tiempo. Sofa5 3h, no puedo nadar. C<uegas a) aMedreTE Ral5 +a, me encanta- es un Muego muy di*ertido. Sofa5 +a. `3diDs, ;ab)S Ral5 `Nasta maGanaS
Sports and Acti2ities

Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4?u> te gusta !acer7 Eeportes y Actividades 9 Sports and Activities Ingl>s 3 sport 3 game 3n acti*ity 0o p)ay 0o practice $ootba)) 3merican $ootba)) ;ugby 0ennis Cricket +,imming <udo Chess 0o sing 0o read 0o s,im 0o ,atch 0' #spa1ol #n deporte #n Muego #na acti*idad <ugar Practicar A) btbo) A) btbo) americano A) rugby A) tenis A) craQuet &a nataciDn A) Mudo A) aMedreT Cantar &eer "adar 'er )a te)e Wikibooks U A2
Chapter @ 3 )ot :any "otes
:ucho
.n +panish, i an acti*ity is a game, then you 4p)ay4 it 6jugar7, other,ise you 4practice4 it 6practicar7. $or e1amp)e, it=s jugar el tenis 64to p)ay tennis47 but practicar la natacon 64to go s,imming47. 0he *erbs are a)) regu)ar, e1cept5 Fugar 6this is discussed in detai) be)o,7 Oer 6*eo, *es, *e, *emos, *eis, *en7
#$amples

Oeo la tele mucho# . ,atch 0' a )ot :ractico natacin# . go s,imming. /:racticas judo1 %o you do MudoE :racticamos muchas actividades# We do many acti*ites /:or qu% cantis1 Why do you sing a )otE /0undo lee1 When does he or she readE
Ste)-chan%in% /erbs
Fugar the irst type o irregu)ar *erb- kno,n as a stemKc!anging ver*. 2asica))y, in the 4.4, 4you, 4he/she/it4 and 4they4 orms, the u or o changes to a ue. 0he jugar e1amp)e is ,ritten out be)o,. Spanis! 8er* 9 4?u> te gusta !acer7 Mugar 9 To play #spa1ol . <uego Rou <uegas Ne/+he/.t <uega We <ugamos Rou a)) <ugFis 0hey <uegan Bther *erbs that o))o, this pattern
Ingl>s
poder 64to be ab)e to475 puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, pod?is, pueden
40 U +panish

dormir 64to s)eep475 duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, dormas, duermen encontrar 64to ind475 encuentro, encuentras, encuentra, encontramos, encontrFis, encuentran
Notes
0he *erb jugar a),ays has a a ter it5 jugar a. .n +panish, a el gets contracted to al and de el gets contracted to del. +o, it ,ou)d be juego al rugby. :oder 6meaning 4to be ab)e to47 is usua))y o))o,ed by another *erb, making 4. can do something4. 0he o))o,ing *erb must be in the in initi*e. $or e1amp)e, puede leer 64he can read47.
#$amples
Fuego al tenis# . p)ay tennis. /Fugis al ajedre)1 %o you p)ay chessE /6u% deportes juegas1 What sports do you p)ayE /0undo juegan al f(tbol1 When do they p)ay ootba))E /:uedes cantar1 Can you singE /Dnde duermes1 Where do you s)eepE
Co)pound Sentences
+o ar, e*erything ,e=*e ,ritten has been simp)e sentences e 4:y name is +antiago4 6$e llamo 2antiago7- 40he city is noisy4 65a ciudad es ruidosa7- 4. p)ay american ootba))4 6Fuego al f(tbol americano7. Wou)dn=t it be antastic i ,e cou)d Moin them upE 2e)o, are some )itt)e ,ords that ,i)) make our sentences )onger, and more meaning u). Rou use them Must )ike you do in Ang)ish. 3)so, e*erything ,e=*e ,ritten has been positi*e 64. do this, . do that47. 0o make it negati*e, ,e Must add a ,ord in ront o the *erb5 no 6meaning 4not47 or Wikibooks U 43
Chapter @ nunca 6meaning 4ne*er47. $or e1amp)e, ;o juego al rugby 6. don=t p)ay rugby47;unca como man)anas 64. ne*er eat app)es47. .t=s as simp)e as that. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4?u> te gusta !acer7 Con+unctions 9 Con+unciones Ingl>s 3nd Br 2ecause 2ut 3)so +o "ote
#spa1ol R B PorQue Pero 0ambi?n 3sa
:orque 64because47 and :or qu% 64,hy47 are simi)ar and easy to mi1 upmake sure you don=tS A1amp)es

$e llamo 0hris y mi cumpleaos es el veinte de agosto# :y name is Chris and my birthday is on the 20th o 3ugust. $e llamo .a(l, pero %l se llama .oberto# :y name is ;ab), but his name is ;obert. ;o practica judo# Ne doesn=t do Mudo. Fuego al f(tbol americano y practico natacin tambi%n# . p)ay american ootba)) and . go s,imming too. ;o vivo en una ciudad porque las ciudades son ruidosas# . don=t )i*e in the city because cities are noisy.
30u4 opinas sobre los deportes*

0o ask someone about their opinions in +panish, use 6u% opinas sobre 64What is your opinion about47 then the thing you ,ant their opinion on 6/6ue opinas sobre los deportes1 means 4What do you think about sportE47.
Iustar
0here is no *erb or 4to )ike4 in +panish. .nstead, you use gusta 6meaning 4it p)eases47 and a persona) pronoun- you say that 4it p)eases me4 or 4. am p)eased by it4. 0he persona) pronouns are sho,n be)o,. Spanis! 8er* 9 4?u> te gusta !acer7 Iustar 9 To please
4@ U +panish
CJu? te gusta hacerE Ingl>s :e Rou Nim/Ner/.t #s 3)) o you 0hem "otes
#spa1ol :e 0e &e "os Bs &es
&ike any other *erb, you can put no in ront o it, to say 4. don=t )ike4 6;o me gusta7. . you )ike an acti*ity rather than a thing, Must use the in initi*e a ter,ards5 4. )ike s,imming4 6$e gusta nadar7. Eusta means 4it p)eases4, so on)y ,orks or singu)ar things. . the thing that you )ike is p)ura) 6the ,omen or e1amp)e7, you add 4n4 6$e gustan las mujeres / 4. )ike the ,omen47.
Love and <ate

<ust saying you )ike or dis)ike something is a bit du)). +aying you )o*e something is rea))y easy. .nstead o gusta, use encanta 6$e encanta leer means 4. )o*e reading47. 0o say you hate something, use the regu)ar *erb @diar 6odio, odias, odia, odiamos, odiFis, odian7. Rou can a)so use nada or mucho to add emphasis to gusta. $or e1amp)e, ;o me gusta nada ver la tele 64. don=t )ike ,atching 0' at a))47- $e gusta mucho el ajedre) 64. )ike chess a )ot47. A1amp)es

/6ue opinas sobre el ajedre)1 What do you think o chessE $e gusta el crquet# . )ike cricket. ;o le gustan los deportes# Ne doesn=t )ike sports. ;os gusta jugar al rugby y f(tbol# We )ike p)aying rugby and ootba)). 5es gusta mucho nadar, pero no pueden cantar# 0hey )ike s,imming but they can=t sing. /Be gusta practicar la natacon1 %o you )ike going s,immingE /:or qu% os gusta el tenis1 Why do you )ike tennisE @dian el ajedre)# 0hey hate chess. Wikibooks U 4A
Chapter @
$e encantan los deportes, as vivo en la ciudad# . )o*e sports, so . )i*e in the city.
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earnt5 No, to say some sports and acti*ities 6el rugby? la natacin? cantar7. No, to say you p)ay and do these things 6juego al rugby? practicamos natacin7. 3bout a e, stem/changing *erbs 6encuentro, encuentras, encuentra, encontramos, encontris, encuentran7 No, to make )onger and negati*e sentences 6no? nunca? as? pero7. No, to ask or opinions 6/6u% opinas sobre el f(tbol1? /Be encanta leer17 No, to e1press opinions 6$e gusta? 5e gustan? $e encanta? @diamos7

Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound in the ne1t section7, and trans)ate the dia)ogue at the top be ore mo*ing on to )esson si1.
,-ercises
Sports and Activities

:atch the Ang)ish to the +panish (. $ootba)) 2. Cricket 3. +,imming I. 0o sing @. ;ugby 6. <udo K. 0o read H. 0o ,atch 0' L. 0ennis (0. Chess a. ;ugby b. 'er )a te)e c. $btbo) d. &eer e. <udo . "ataciDn g. 3MedreT h. Cricket i. Cantar M. 0enis
44 U +panish
StemKc!anging 8er*s
Oolver 64to return47 conMugates Must )ike poder. ConMugate it be)o,. (. .............. 2. .............. 3. .............. I. .............. @. .............. 6. .............. Correct the o))o,ing sentences. (. Practico natacion. 2. <ugo a) rugby. 3. Podemos cantamos en AspaGa. I. <ugFis e) btbo). @. CPor Qu? Mueges e) craQuet.
Compound sentences
0rans)ate the o))o,ing sentences rom +panish to Ang)ish. (. :i cump)eaGos es e) once de enero, asa tengo cuarenta y ocho aGos. 2. 0engo ochenta y nue*e aGos y tiene ochenta y nue*e aGos tambi?n. 3. <uega a) rugby y tenis. I. "o practicamos nataciDn. @. 'i*imos en )a ciudad porQue e) campo es aburrido. 6. "o practico nataciDn porQue no puedo nadar. K. CCuFndo MugFis a) craQuetE 0rans)ate the o))o,ing sentences rom Ang)ish to +panish. (. . p)ay tennis, but . can=t s,im. 2. 0hey )i*e in .ta)y because they don=t )ike sports. 3. Can=t you s,imE I. Ner name is !eorgina too. @. +o, ,hat=s your nameE 6. 0hey can=t p)ay chess. K. When do you s)eepE
4?u> opinas so*re los deportes7

0rans)ate the o))o,ing sentences rom +panish to Ang)ish and *isa *ersa. (. What do you think o rugbyE 2. :e encanta e) aMedreT. 3. . don=t )ike singing at a)). Wikibooks U 4(
Chapter @ I. :e gustan mucho )os deportes porQue son animados. @. %o you )ike s,immingE 6. "o me gusta *i*ir en 2oston- no hay nada para hacer. K. 0he boys are cute ,hen they sing. H. 3sa, Cpor Qu? no pueden cantarE L. +he )ikes the countryside because it=s Quiet. (0."o me gusta ))orar.
,-ercise ans+ers
Eialogue
Ral" ,i 2ophie- /Do you like sports1 Sofa" Eood afternoon#' love playing football# 3nd yourself1 Ral" ;ot much# ,owever, ' go swimming all the time# Sofa" 3h, ' canCt swim# Do you play chess1 Ral" 8es, ' love it? itCs a fun game# Sofa" 8es, bye .a(l Ral" 2ee you-
Sports and Activities

(. c 2. h 3. I. i @. a 6. e K. d H. b L. M (0.g
StemKc!anging ver*s
(. 'ue)*o 2. 'ue)*es 3. 'ue)*e I. 'o)*emos @. 'o)*?is 6. 'ue)*en
4- U +panish
CJu? te gusta hacerE (. Practico nataci:n 2. <uego a) rugby. 3. Podemos cantar en AspaGa. I. <ugFis a) btbo). @. CPor Qu? Muegas a) craQuet7
Compound sentences
(. :y birthday=s on the ((th o <anuary, so .=m IH years o)d. 2. .=m HK and he=s HK too. 3. Ne p)ays rugby and tennis. I. We don=t go s,imming. @. We )i*e in the city because the countryside is boring. 6. . don=t go s,imming because . can=t s,im. K. When do you a)) p)ay cricketE (. <uego a) tenis pero no puedo nadar. 2. 'i*en en .ta)ia porQue no )es gustan )os deportes. 3. C"o puedes nadarE I. +e ))ama !eorgina tambi?n. @. 3sa, CcDmo te ))amasE 6. "o pueden Mugar a) aMedreT. K. CCuFndo duermesE
4?ue opinas so*re los deportes7

(. CJue opinas sobre e) rugbyE 2. . )o*e chess 3. "o me gusta nada cantar. I. . )ike sports a )ot because they=re )i*e)y. @. C0e gusta nadarE 6. . don=t )ike )i*ing in 2oston- there=s nothing to do. K. &os niGos son bonitos cuando cantan. H. +o, ,hy can=t you singE L. &e gusta e) campo porQue es bonito. (0.. don=t )ike crying.
Wikibooks U 4.
Chapter 6
- 4? UL
$ialo%ue
CO6#S 7
8oca*ulary :e he agotado .=*e run out "ecesitar 0o need >umo de <uice o Ral5 No)a. CJu? comprasE Sofa5 No)a, ;ab). Compro una barra de pan y una bote))a de )eche. Ral5 'a)e. 3sa, Ctomas )eche y pan tostada para tu desayunoE Sofa5 +a. :e he agotado. CJu? desayunasE Ral5 "orma)mente, como Tumo de naranMa y una manTana. Sofa5 R Ctienes )a comida Que necesitasE Ral5 +a. 3diDs. Sofa5 `Nasta )uegoS
5ood and $rink
Pan 6m7
9rench bread, by David $onniaux!
Jueso 6m7
Nue*o 6m7
9reerange eggs, by 9irNNNM!
3rroT 6m7
7rown rice, by 9irNNNM!
Pasta 6f7
A$2&.otelle&0G& KMPQQR, by 0hiefio!
0omate 6m7
Bomato je, by 2ofteis!
&echuga 6f7
5ettuce head batavia variety, by .asbak!
Pepino 6m7
>anahoria 6f7
Patata 6f7
:otatos cultivar $arabel, by Bilmann!
:anTana 6f7
.ed Delicious, by 7angin!
P)Ftano 6m7
"aranMa 6f7
Pera 6f7
:ear:hoto, by 9oe;yx!
#*a 6f7
40 U +panish
CJu? comesE
3gua 6f7
2tilles $ineralwasser, by >#F#:ilsak!
&eche 6f7
$ilk glass, by 2tefan =*hn!
'ino 6m7
Ca ? 6m7
Burkishcoffee, by 7ertilvidet!
0? 6m7
$eissen&teacup pinkroseNK, by $iya!
Notes
m indicates that the noun is mascu)ine 6el queso e 4the cheese4- los pltanos e 4the bananas47, ,heras f indicated eminine 6la lechuga e 4the )ettuce4- las uvas e 4the grapes47 .n +outh 3merica, papa is used instead o patata. Whi)e agua is eminine, it takes the mascu)ine artic)es un and el. $or e1amp)e, el agua curiosa 64the strange ,ater47 and las aguas curiosas 64the strange ,aters47. 0on means 4,ith4, sin means ,ithout 6caf% con leche means 4co ee ,ith mi)k4, caf% sin leche means 4co ee ,ithout mi)k47. Wine comes in t,o *arieties, 4red4 and 4,hite4. .n +panish, they are vino tinto and vino blanco.
#$amples

$e gustan los huevos# . )ike eggs. ;o me gusta nada la lechuga# . don=t )ike )ettuce at a)). $e encanta el t% con leche# . )o*e tea ,ith mi)k $e gustan mucho las )anahorias, pero los pepinos son aburridos# . )ike carrots a )ot, but cucumbers are boring.
C!at do you eat7

0o ask ,hat someone e)se eats, use 6u% o))o,ed by a orm o one o the *erbs be)o, 6/6u% comes1 means 4What do you eatE47. 0o ask ,hat someone )ikes to eat, use 6u% te gusta then any o the *erbs be)o, 6/6u% te gusta comer1 means 4What do you )ike to eatE47. Spanis! 8er*s 9 4?u> comes7 #ating and Erin,ing 9 Comer y &e*er #spa1ol Comer 2eber Ingl>s 0o eat 0o drink Wikibooks U 42
Chapter 6 0omar %esayunar 3)morTar Cenar Note 3)) o these *erbs are regu)ar e1cept almor)ar, ,hich is one o the #A 'erbs ,e )earnt about in the )ast chapter- almuer)o, almuer)as, almuer)a, almor)amos, almor)is, almuer)an. #$amples

0o 0o 0o 0o
ha*e 6 ood/drink7 6eat7 break ast 6eat7 )unch dine 6eat dinner7
/6u% te gusta almor)ar1 What do you )ike to eat or )unchE 0omo naranjas y pltanos, pero no me gustan las peras# . eat oranges and bananas, but . don=t )ike pears. $e gusta comer las uvas# . )ike to eat grapes. /7ebes leche1 %o you drink mi)kE
A *ottle o 'ine
Spanis! 8er*s 9 4?u> comes7 #ating and Erin,ing 9 Comer y &e*er #spa1ol 3)go de #n *aso de #na copa de #na bote))a de #na barra de #n ki)o de #n ki)o y medif de #n ki)o y cuarto de gedio ki)o de #n cuarto de ki)o de Notes
Rou ,i)) ha*e noticed 4some4 on the )ist, but 4unos/unas4 is someS Res, it ,ou)d be unas man)anas 64some app)es47 but that on)y ,orks or p)ura)s. 4+ome bread4 has to be trans)ated as algo de pan. 3)so, there are t,o ,ays o saying 4a g)ass o 4. 0opa is or g)asses ,ith
Ingl>s +ome 3 g)ass o 3 bott)e o 3 )oa o 3 ki)o o Bne and a ha) ki)os o Bne and a Quarter ki)os o Na) a ki)o o 3 Quarter o a ki)o o
(0 U +panish
CJu? comesE a stem 6most)y ,ine5 una copa de vino7, and vaso is used or ,ithout a stem. Bb*ious)y, in a)) these phrases, the un can be rep)aced ,ith any number 6Dos vasos de leche means 4t,o g)asses o mi)k47. #$amples

Bres botellas de vino tinto 0hree bott)es o red ,ine Gn medio kilo de arro) Na) a ki)o o rice Gna barra de pan 3 )oa o bread 0inco kilos y media de patatas $i*e and a ha) ki)os o potatoes
In the Shop
.n +panish, as in Ang)ish, there are many ,ays o e1pressing ,hat you ,ou)d )ike to buy, some o ,hich are )isted be)o,. Rou ,i)) a)so see some other use u) ,ords and phrases or ,hen shopping or ood. Spanis! 8er*s 9 4?u> comes7 I 'ould li,eNNN 9 6e gustarHaNNN #spa1ol Juisiera Juerraa :e gustaraa 3ha estF6n7 Comprar &a cuenta Costar #na tienda Ingl>s . ,ou)d )ike 0here you go- *oi)a. 0o buy 0he receipt 0o cost 3 shop
Notes
0omprar is a tota))y regu)ar *erb 6compro, compras, compra, compramos, compris, compran7. With ah est n!, ,ith the n is or p)ura). Without is or singu)ar. 0ostar is a B _h #A *erb 6 cuesto, cuestas, cuesta, costamos, costis, cuestan7, but ob*ious)y, you on)y use the third person.
3)so, i you ,ant to say 4No, much does it cost, you use /0unto cuesta n!1 6cuesta is or singu)ar things, cuestan or p)ura)s, as seen Wikibooks U (3
Chapter 6 be)o,7.
#$amples

6uisiera una man)ana, por favor# . ,ou)d )ike an app)e, p)ease. 6uerra comprar una barra de pan# .=d )ike to buy a )oa o bread. $e gustara comprar una botella de vino tinto, por favor# .=d )ike to buy a bott)e o red ,ine, p)ease. /0unto cuestan las uvas1 No, much do the grapes costE /0unto cuesta un kilo de patatas1 What does a ki)o o potatoes costE
Ad1ecti2es
O#O and Consonant Ad+ectives
.n +panish, c)ear)y not a)) adMecti*es end in 4o4 or 4a4. 0he good thing about these is that they stay the same, irrespecti*e o gender.

3dMecti*es ending in 4e4 add an 4s4 ,hen in the p)ura). 3dMecti*es ending in a consonant add an 4es4 ,hen in the p)ura).
Notes When an adMecti*e 6or indeed a noun7 ends in ), it changes to a c in p)ura), then adds the 4es4 6feli)/felices e 4happy47.
#$amples

Al hombre amable 0he riend)y man 5a mujer amable 0he riend)y ,oman 5os nios amables 0he riend)y boys 5as nias amables 0he riend)y gir)s
Al hombre difcil 0he di icu)t man 5a mujer difcil 0he di icu)t ,oman 5os nios difciles 0he di icu)t boys 5as nias difciles 0he di icu)t gir)s
(@ U +panish
CJu? comesE
Colours
Co)ours in +panish are Must adMecti*es, so they sti)) ha*e to agree and go a ter the noun. 0hey are sho,n be)o,. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4?u> comes7 Los colores 9 T!e colours Ingl>s ;ed Brange Re))o, !reen 2)ue Purp)e 2ro,n Pink White !rey 2)ack Notes
3)) o these ,i)) unction as nouns, i you add an artic)e in ront o them. $or e1amp)e, el morado means 4the purp)e one4. 0he p)ura) orm o marrn is marrones 6,ithout the accent7- las )anahorias marrones means 4the bro,n carrots4. 0he co)ours naranja and rosa end in 4a4 e*en i they are app)ied to a mascu)ine- el coche naranja, 4the orange car4- la casa rosa, 4the pink house4
#spa1ol ;oMo "aranMa 3mari))o 'erde 3Tu) :orado :arrDn ;osa 2)anco !ris "egro
#$amples

5a man)ana verde 0he green app)e 5os huevos blancos 0he ,hite eggs Al queso amarillo 0he ye))o, cheese 5as naranjas naranjas 0he orange oranges
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earnt Wikibooks U (A
Chapter 6 No, to say some oods and drinks 6la lechuga? una man)ana? la leche7. No, to say you eat and drink things 6 como, comes, come, comemos, com%is, comen7. No, to say some simp)e Quantities 6un kilo de patatas? una copa de vino tinto7 What to say in a shop 6quisiera? querra? la cuenta7. No, to orm adMecti*es that don=t end in 4B4 or 434 6 la tienda verde? los quesos a)ules7

Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound in the ne1t section7, and trans)ate the dia)ogue at the top be ore mo*ing on.
,-ercises
Jood and Erin,

:atch the Ang)ish to the +panish. (. #n pepino 2. Jueso 3. #na manTana I. &as peras @. 0? 6. &as Tanahorias K. #n hue*o H. 3gua L. 3rroT (0. 'ino b)anco a. Water b. 0he carrots c. ;ice d. White ,ine e. 3n egg . 3 cucumber g. 0ea h. Cheese i. 0he pears M. 3n app)e
C!at do you eat7
ConMugate the *erb beber 64to drink47 and cenar 64to dine47 be)o,5 (. .............. 2. .............. 3. .............. I. .............. @. .............. 6. ..............
(4 U +panish
CJu? comesE (. .............. 2. .............. 3. .............. I. .............. @. .............. 6. ..............
A *ottle o 'ine
:atch up the o))o,ing to make sentences that make sense. (. 2. 3. I. @. #n ki)o y media de... a. ...*ino tinto 3)go de... b. ...)eche #na copa de... c. ...patatas #n *aso de... d. ...pan #na barra de... e. ...pasta
In t!e s!op
Pretend that you are a customer in a shop. .n the o))o,ing dia)ogue, i)) in your part. 7uenos das# ......................... $uy bien, gracias# /6u% quisieras1 ......................... Oale# 3h estn# ......................... 0uestan tres euros# ......................... +3dis-
Ad+ectives
Correct the o))o,ing sentences. 3ha estF tres tomates *erde. &os muMeres son di aci)es. :e gusta hombres amab)e. Bdie pepinos. "o )es gustan comer patatas con Queso. 0rans)ate the o))o,ing bet,een +panish and Ang)ish. . hate eating tomatoes5 they=re boring. "o toma Queso o )eche porQue es *egano. ] *egano _ *egan W . don=t drink mi)k because it=s ,hite. CJuerraas comprar una manTanaE %oes she )ike pasta ,ith tomatoes and carrotsE Wikibooks U ((
Chapter 6
,-ercise ans+ers
Jood and Erin,

(. 7 3 cucumber 2. h7 Cheese 3. M7 3n app)e I. i7 0he pears @. g7 0ea 6. b7 0he carrots K. e7 3n egg H. a7 Water L. c7 ;ice (0.d7 ;ed ,ine
C!at do you eat7

(. 2ebo 2. 2ebes 3. 2ebe I. 2ebemos @. 2eb?is 6. 2eben (. Ceno 2. Cenas 3. Cena I. Cenamos @. CenFis 6. Cenan
A *ottle o 'ine
(. c7 #n ki)o y media de patatas 2. e7 3)go de pasta 3. a7 #na copa de *ino tinto I. b7 #n *aso de )eche @. d7 #na barra de pan
In t!e s!op
7uenos das# (- U +panish
CJu? comesE 2uenos daas. CJu? ta)E $uy bien, gracias# /6u% quisieras1 Juisiera seis hue*os. ] can be anything, so )ong as it=s p)ura) W Oale# 3h estn# CCuFnto cuestanE 0uestan tres euros# !racias. 3diDs. +3dis-
Ad+ectives

3ha estFn tres tomates *erdes. &as muMeres son di aci)es. :e gustan hombres amab)es. Bdia pepinos. "o )es gustaK comer patatas con Queso. Bdio comer )as patatas5 son aburridas. Ne doesn=t ha*e cheese or mi)k because he=s *egan. "o bebo )eche porQue es b)anca. Wou)d you )ike to buy an app)eE C&e gusta pasta con tomates y TanahoriasE
Wikibooks U (.
Chapter K
. 4? UL
$ialo%ue
<ORA #S 7
8oca*ulary &uego 0hen +a)go . )ea*e Ral5 `No)a +o aaS CJu? hora esE Sofa: +on )as ocho y cuarto. Ral5 !racias. CJu? haces norma)mente por )a maGanaE Sofa5 :e )e*anto a )as siete. &uego, me ducho y tomo mi desayuno. #sua)mente, sa)go a )as ocho. Ral5 3h, *a)e. 3sa, CcuFndo a)muerTasE Sofa5 +ue)o a)morTar a )a una. Ral5 C)aro. `3diDsS Sofa5 `Nasta )uegoS
ellin% the ti)e

0e))ing the time is easy in +panish, and *ery simi)ar to Ang)ish. Rou use this construction5
Son las P!oursQ y PminutesQ

+o, 2on las tres y veinte ,ou)d mean 4.t=s t,enty past three4. 0o ask the time, you Must use the Question /6u% hora es1 6)itera))y5 4What hour is itE47. No,e*er, this on)y ,orks or times up to ha) /past the hour. No, do you say 4.t=s t,enty to three4, . hear you cryE $or this, you ha*e to use menos 6meaning 4)ess47 instead o y 62on las cuatro menos die) means 4.t=s ten to our4. Bther typica) time/te))ing phrases are depicted in the tab)e be)o,. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4?u> !ora es7 #l tiempo 9 T!e time #spa1ol a.m. de )a maGana p.m. de )a tarde .t=s ha) /past ]hourW +on )as ]hourW y media .t=s Quarter/past ]hourW +on )as ]hourW y cuarto .t=s Quarter/to ]hourW +on )as ]hourW menos cuarto (0 U +panish Ingl>s
CJu? hora esE
Notes
. there aren=t any minutes, Must say son las cinco 64.t=s @ o=c)ock47 or son las once 64.t=s (( o=c)ock47. ;emember5 son means 4they are4, so son las### on)y ,orks or numbers greater than one. 0o say 4it=s one o=c)ock4, you ha*e to say As la una.
#$amples

2on las ocho .t=s H o=c)ock 2on las nueve y media .t=s ha) /past nine 2on las seis menos cuarto .t=s Quarter/to si1 2on las dos y veinte de la maana .t=s 2520 a.m.
When*
+o, you no, kno, ho, to te)) the time in +panish. "o, )et=s use it to describe ,hen something happens. 0o do this, you use a las o))o,ed by the time as described abo*e 6a las tres means 4at 3 o=c)ock47. 2ut ,hat i you don=t kno, a speci ic timeE What about Must 4.n the e*ening4E <ust use por la, o))o,ed by one o the entries in the tab)e 6por la noche means 4at night475 Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4?u> !ora es7 Los tiempos del dHa 9 T!e times o t!e day Ingl>s :orning 3 ternoon "ight #spa1ol :aGana 0arde A*ening "oche
Notes
+ince it=s a),ays 4por )a4, this means that these times/o /day are a)) eminine.
#$amples

3 las ocho de la maana, tomo mi desayuno# 3t H500am, . eat break ast. :or la tarde, le gusta ver la tele# Wikibooks U (2
Chapter K .n the e*ening, Ne )ikes ,atching 0'. :or la noche, les gusta mucho beber leche# 3t night,they )o*e drinking mi)k.
i)e-related Ad2erbs
.t=s a)) *ery ,e)) kno,ing ho, to say that you do things at a particu)ar time, but ,hat about more habitua) actionsE What do you do usua))yE "orma))yE +ometimesE Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4?u> !ora es7 #l tiempo 9 T!e time Ingl>s #sua))y "orma))y B ten +ometimes Bccasiona))y ;are)y +o)er #spa1ol #sua)mente "orma)mente 3 menudo 3 *eces %e *eT en cuando Bcasiona)mente ;aramente 0o be in the habit o
Notes
Rou shou)d notice that a)) the ,ords ending in 4)y4 in Ang)ish end in mente in +panish. 0o turn an adMecti*e into an ad*erb5 take the eminine orm o the adMecti*e, then add mente. 0hus, normal, raro, ocasional and usual are a)) adMecti*es. 3)so, ruidosamente, tranquilamente, etc, are ad*erbs 6you met tranquilo and ruidoso in )esson I...7 2oler is a #A stem/changing *erb 6suelo, sueles, suele, solemos, sol%is, suelen7, and it is o))o,ed by the in initi*e 62uelo comer queso con pan, meaning 4. usua))y eat cheese ,ith bread47.
#$amples

3 veces, bebemos vino tinto, pero nunca vino blanco# +ometimes, ,e drink red ,ine, but ne*er ,hite ,ine. 2uelo vivir en pisos? vivir en una casa es muy difcil# . usua))y )i*e in )ats- )i*ing in a house is rea))y di icu)t. De ve) en cuando, juego al ajedre), pero usualmente, practico judo# +ometimes, . p)ay chess, but usua))y . do Mudo. ;ormalmente a las cinco de la tarde, juego al futbl# "orma))y at @pm, . p)ay ootba)).
-0 U +panish
CJu? hora esE
.efle-i2e 2erbs
;e )e1i*e *erbs are *erbs ,here the subMect and obMect are the same. 40o ,ash onese) 4 or 4to get onese) up4. .n +panish, ,e do this by using a re le$ive pronoun be ore the *erb. We=*e a)ready met these re) e1i*e pronouns, a)ong ,ith a re )e1i*e *erb in the irst )esson5 llamarse 64to ca)) onese) 47. +o, here are the re )e1i*e pronouns5 Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4?u> !ora es7 Re le$ive pronouns 9 Pronom*res re le$ivos Ingl>s #spa1ol
:yse) :e Rourse) 0e Nimse) /Nerse) /.tse) +e Burse)*es "os Rourse)*es Bs 0hemse)*es +e +o, here is an e1amp)e, using the *erb lavarse 64to ,ash onese) 475 Spanis! 8er* 9 4?u> !ora es7 Lavarse 9 To 'as! onesel #spa1ol . ,ash myse) :e )a*o Rou ,ash yourse) 0e )a*as Ne/she/it ,ashes himse) /herse) /itse) +e )a*a We ,ash ourse)*es "os )a*amos Rou ,ash yourse)*es Bs )a*Fis 0hey ,ash themse)*es +e )a*an +o, no, that kno, ho, to conMugate them, it=d be use u) to gi*e you some e1amp)es5 Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4?u> !ora es7 Rel e$ive ver*s 9 8er*os re le$ivos Ingl>s &e*antarse %ucharse 2aGarse Peinarse :aQui))arse ;e)aMarse #spa1ol get 6onese) 7 up sho,er 6onese) 7 bathe 6onese) 7 comb one=s hair put one=s make/up on re)a1 6onese) 7 Wikibooks U -3 Ingl>s
0o 0o 0o 0o 0o 0o
Chapter K
Notes
0hese are very simi)ar to the indirect obMect pronouns used ,ith gustar. :ake sure you don=t get them mi1ed up. When in the in initi*e, the re )e1i*e pronoun goes on the end o the *erb as a su i1. $or e1amp)e, me gusta ducharme means 4. )ike sho,ering4.
#$amples
:or la maana, me maquillo y me peino# .n the morning, . put my make/up on and comb my hair. /0undo te baas1 When do you batheE 3 las ocho de la maana, nos levantamos# 3t Ham, ,e get up. ;unca nos baamos por la maana? nos gusta ducharnos# We ne*er ha*e a bath in the morning- ,e )ike to ha*e a sho,er. $e encanta baarme por la noche & es muy tranquilo# . )o*e ha*ing a bath in the e*ening / it=s *ery Quiet. @casionalmente, se ducha por la maana, pero usualmente, le gusta baarse por la tarde# Bcassiona))y, he sho,ers in the morning, but usua))y, he )ikes to ha*e a bath in the a ternoon. 3 las nueve de la tarde, me gusta mucho relajarme# ;ormalmente, bebo vino# 3t Lpm, . )ike to re)a1. "orma))y, . drink ,ine.
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earnt No, to ask or the time 6/6u% hora es17 No, to te)) the time 62on las cuatro y media? es la una menos cuarto7 No, to say the times o the day 6por la manana? tarde? a las tres y die)7 'arious ad*erbs 6ocasionalmente? normalmente? de ve) en cuando? a menudo7 No, to use re )e1i*e *erbs 6me bao? te relajas? se ducha? nos lavamos? os lavantis? se maquillan7

Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound in the ne1t section7, and trans)ate the dia)ogue at the top be ore mo*ing on to )esson eight.
,-ercises
)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit e1ercises P add an e1ercise 6ans,er7 P comment
-@ U +panish
CJu? hora esE 0he ans,ers can be ound in the ne1t section. 3)so, try trans)ating the dia)ogue at the top o the )esson.
Telling t!e time

Write the o))o,ing times in u)) +panish. (. 3500 2. I500 3. 252@ I. L5(0 @. (0530 6. 65(@ K. (53@ H. K5I@ L. (5(@am (0.H5@@pm
TimeKrelated adver*s
0rans)ate the o))o,ing rom Ang)ish to +panish and *ice *ersa. (. "orma)mente, cenamos a )as siete. 2. Bccasiona))y, . p)ay ootba)), but . rea))y )ike rugby. 3. C<uegas a) aMedreT a menudoE I. +ometimes . eat )ettuce, but . ne*er eat tomatoes. @. Por )a noche, me gusta mucho comer arroT. 6. . rare)y ha*e )unch at (pm. K. #sua)mente, a)muerTa a )as dos. H. . usua))y p)ay tennis at 3pm.
Re le$ive ver*s
$i)) in the gaps in the o))o,ing te1t. Rou might not need to put anything in the gap. ,ola# K!SSSS llamo $ilagros, y tengo diecis%is aos# M!SSSS vivo en un piso grande en $adrd, en Aspaa# ;ormalmente, R!SSSS la maana, P!SSSS levanto a las seis Q!SSSS media# 5uego, T!SSSS peino, y desayuno con .osa mi hermana!# Despu%s, L!SSSS maquillamos# ;unca U!SSSS duchamos por V!SSS maana & me gusta baarme por la noche# Gsualmente, a KN!SSSS cuatro KK!SSSS la tarde, practicamos KM!SSSS la natacin# KR!SSSS gusta mucho nadar# :or la tarde, KP!SSSS relajo" me gusta leer, KQ!SSSS ver la tele, pero usualmente, no hay nada KT!SSSS hacer#
Wikibooks U -A
Chapter K
,-ercise ans+ers
Eialogue
Ral5 Ni +o aaS What=s the timeE Sofa5 .t=s H5(@. Ral5 0hanks.What do you norma))y do in the morningE Sofa5 . get up at K500. 0hen, . ha*e a sho,er, do my make/up and eat break ast. #sua))y, . )ea*e at H500. Ral5 3h, ok. +o, ,hen you you ha*e )unchE Sofa5 . norma))y ha*e )unch at (500. Ral5 Bk. !oodbyeS Sofa5 +ee you soonS
Telling t!e time

(. +on )as tres. 2. +on )as cuatro. 3. +on )as dos y *einticinco. I. +on )as nue*e y dieT. @. +on )as dieT y media. 6. +on )as seis y cuarto. K. +on )as dos menos *einticinco. H. +on )as ocho menos cuarto. L. As )a una y cuarto de )a maGana. (0.+on )as nue*e menos cinco de )a noche.
TimeKrelated adver*s
(. "orma))y, ,e ha*e dinner at K500. 2. %e *eT en cuando, Muego a) utbD), pero me gusta mucho e) rugby. 3. %o you o ten p)ay chessE I. 3 *eces, como )echuga, pero nunca como tomates. @. 3t night, . rea))y )ike eating rice. 6. 3)muerTo raramente a )a una. K. #sua))y, he has )unch at 2500. H. +ue)o Mugar a) tenis a )as tres de )a tarde.
Re le$ive ver*s
,ola# K!SSSS llamo $ilagros, y tengo diecis%is aos# M!SSSS vivo en un piso grande en $adrd, en Aspaa# ;ormalmente, R!SSSS la maana, P!SSSS -4 U +panish
CJu? hora esE levanto a las seis Q!SSSS media# 5uego, T!SSSS peino, y desayuno con .osa mi hermana!# Despu%s, L!SSSS maquillamos# ;unca U!SSSS duchamos por V!SSS maana & me gusta baarme por la noche# Gsualmente, a KN!SSSS cuatro KK!SSSS la tarde, practicamos KM!SSSS la natacin# KR!SSSS gusta mucho nadar# :or la tarde, KP!SSSS relajo" me gusta leer, KQ!SSSS ver la tele, pero usualmente, no hay nada KT!SSSS hacer# (. :e 2. / 3. Por I. :e @. R 6. :e K. "os H. "os L. &a (0.&as ((.%e (2./ (3."os (I.:e (@./ (6.Para
Wikibooks U -(
Chapter H
0 4E 5NE#
$ialo%ue
8AS A IR 7
Ral5 No)a +o aa. &a semana Que *iene, *oy a ir a .ta)ia. Sofa5 CCDmo *as a irE CAn trenE Ral5 "o. Bdio )os trenes / son muy ruidosos. Sofa5 C)aro. Pre iero )os a*iDnes tambi?n. Ral5 #sua)mente, *oy a .r)anda pero tengo un bi))ete para .ta)ia. 8oca*ulary para or otro other take tomarme myse) un a month mes )ibre o ,ork Sofa5 3sa, C*as a comprar un otro bi))eteE Ral5 "o / .ta)ia es buena tambi?n. Puedo tomar e) so) y e1perimentar )a cu)tura nati*a. Sofa5 CCuFnto tiempo *as a pasar a))aE Ral5 %os semanas. Juiero pasar un mes, pero no puedo tomarme un mes )ibre. Sofa5 Antiendo. `Nasta )uegoS
he Si)ple 5uture tense

A1pressing ,hat you=re going to do in the uture is simp)e in +panish, and the same as in Ang)ish. Rou use this construction5
PIrQ a Pin initiveQ

&et=s )ook at this more c)ose)y. $irst, you must conMugate the 6sad)y irregu)ar7 *erb ir 6meaning 4to go47, o))o,ed by a 6meaning 4to47. 0hen you ha*e the in initi*e o the *erb you are going to do. +o, voy a comer means 4.=m going to eat4. .t=s as simp)e as thatS 'r is conMugated thus5 Spanis! 8er* 9 4E:nde vas a ir7 Ir 9 To go
-- U +panish
C%Dnde *as a irE Ingl>s . go Rou go Ne/+he/.t goes We go Rou a)) go 0hey go #spa1ol 'oy 'as 'a 'amos 'ais 'an
Notes
$or re )e1i*e *erbs, you ha*e t,o options or ,here to put the re )e1i*e pronoun. Rou can either ha*e it be ore ir 6me voy a baar, meaning 4.=m going to ha*e a bath47 or as a su i1 o the in initi*e 6voy a baarme, meaning 4.=m going to ha*e a bath47. .t doesn=t matter ,hich you choose.
#$amples

Ooy a cenar a las ocho .=m going to ha*e dinner at H500. /Oas a jugar al futbl con :aulo1 3re you going to p)ay ootba)) ,ith Pau)oE Oa a ducharse por la tarde# +he=s going to ha*e a sho,er in the e*ening. Oamos a ir a 9rancia? nos vamos a relajar# We=re going to go to $rance- We=re going to re)a1. :or la noche, van a jugar al ajedre)# 3t night, they=re going to p)ay chess.
In the future666
"o, that ,e kno, ho, to e1press uture actions, it=d be great to be ab)e to say ,hen ,e=re going to do them. Nere are a e, key e1pressions or saying ,hen something is goig to happen. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4E:nde vas a ir7 In t!e utureNNN 9 #n el uturoNNN Ingl>s #spa1ol 0omorro, :aGana 0omorro, morning :aGana por )a maGana 0he day a ter tomorro, Pasado maGana &a semana Que *iene "e1t ,eek &a semana prD1ima "e1t month A) mes Que *iene Wikibooks U -.
Chapter H A) mes prD1imo A) aGo Que *iene A) aGo prD1imo An e) uturo
"e1t year .n the uture
Notes
"otice viene in some o the phrases. 0his is rom the A_h.A stem/ changing *erb venir, meaning 4to come4. +o, )itera))y, these phrases mean 4the ,eek that comes4 6la semana que viene7 or 4the year that comes4 6el ao que viene7. 0his a)so means that you ha*e to conMugate it ,hen you=re ta)king in the past tense5 40he year that came4, but don=t ,orry about that or Quite some time yet. $aana por la maana means 4tomorro, morning4. .n the same *ein, maana por la tarde means 4tomorro, a ternoon4 and maana por la noche means 4tomorro, night4.
#$amples

$anaa por la tarde, voy a jugar al tenis# 0omorro, a ternoon, .=m going to p)ay tennis. Al ao prximo, vamos a ir a 9rancia# "e1t year, ,e=re going to go to $rance. An el futuro, me gustara vivir en el campo# .n the uture, . ,ou)d )ike to )i*e in the countryside. /Oas a tener ocho aos el mes que viene1 3re you going to be eight years/o)d ne1t monthE /Oamos a cenar a las siete y media la semana prxima1 3re ,e going to ha*e dinner at K530 ne1t ,eekE 5as mujeres van a vivir en un piso en noviembre# 0he ,omen are going to )i*e in a )at in "o*ember.
Holida(s
!rab your s,imming trunks5 you=re o to the south coast o +painS
Mourney
+o, ,hen, ,here are ho, are you going to goE &ook at the o))o,ing phrase, e1p)ained be)o,.
#l a1o pr:$imoR voy a ir a #spa1a en avi:nN

0his is made up o *arious parts5
-0 U +panish
C%Dnde *as a irE $irst)y, ,e ha*e the time e1pression. 0hen, ir 64to go47 in the simp)e uture tense. 0hen a Aspaa, meaning 4to +pain4 / the )ocation. 0hen en avin, meaning by aeroplane. &itera))y, this means 4in aerop)ane4, as en means 4in4.

Rou ha*e a)) o the *ocabu)ary here, e1cept or the modes o transport, some o ,hich are be)o,.
3utocar 6m7 #$amples

3*iDn 6m7
3ir :ullmantur LPL, by 3ntti ,avukainen!
Coche 6m7
0ren 6m7
2arco 6m7
/Oas a ir a 3lemania en coche1 3re you going to go to !ermany by carE /0mo vamos a ir a Eal%s1 /An autocar1 No, are ,e going to go to Wa)esE 2y coachE ;ormalmente, voy en tren, pero el mes que viene, voy a ir en barco# "orma))y, . go by train, but ne1t month, .=m going to go by boat. Oan a ir a los Astados Gnidos en avin# 0hey=re going to go to the #+3 by p)ane.
Jor !o' long7

0o say ho, )ong you=re going to spend some,here 6or doing something7, you use the *erb pasar 6meaning 4to spend4, as in time7. .t is a per ect)y regu)ar *erb 6paso, pasas, pasa, pasamos, pasis, pasan7. Rou ,ou)d then o))o, it by a timespan 6pasamos dos semanas en 'rlanda means 4,e spend t,o ,eeks in .re)and47. 0o ask ho, )ong someone e)se is going to spend some,here, you use cunto tiempo 64ho, much time47 o))o,ed by pasar. /0unto tiempo van a pasar en 'nglaterra1 means 4No, )ong are they going to spend in Ang)andE4. #$amples

Oais a pasar un mes en ;ueva Welanda# Rou=re a)) going to spend a month in "e, >ea)and. ;ormalmente, /cunto tiempo pasas en 0anad1 "orma))y, ho, much time do you spend in CanadaE /Dnde voy a pasar el mes que viene1 /5os Astados Gnidos1 Wikibooks U -2
Chapter H Where am . going to spend the ne1t monthE 3mericaE
Accommodation
0o say 4to stay4 in +panish, you use the re )e1i*e *erb alojarse, ,hich is regu)ar 6me alojo, te alojas, se aloja, nos alojamos, os alojis, se alojan 7. 0hen, you use en 6meaning 4in47, then the type o accommodation, as sho,n in the tab)e be)o,. No,e*er, . hear you cry, ,hat i you=re a)ready in +painE No, do you ask or accomodationE 2e)o, are a e, use u) phrases or asking or accommodation...
;eception desk at a hote). /Bienes cuartos libres1 %o you ha*e any ree roomsE /0unto cobra por noche1 No, much does it cost per nightE /:uedes recomendarme un hotel barato1 Can you recommend a cheap hote)E /2e puede fumar en el cuarto1 Can you smoke in the roomE Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4E:nde vas a ir7 Alo+amiento 9 Accommodation
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Ingl>s sing)e room doub)e room ami)y room hote) youth hoste) *i))a camp site
#spa1ol #na habitaciDn indi*idua) #na habitaciDn dob)e #na habitaciDn ami)iar #n hote) #n a)bergue Mu*eni) #n cha)et #n cFmping
Notes
3 4camp site4 is un cmping 6remember the accent7, 4to go camping4 is ir de cmping and 4a tent4 is una tienda. When in p)ura), habitacin )oses the accent 6una habitacin, dos habitaciones7.
.0 U +panish
C%Dnde *as a irE
#$amples
Al ao que viene, vamos a ir de cmping en 9rancia# "et year, ,e=re going to go camping in $rancia. 5a semana prxima, voy a pasar un da en un albergue juvenil# "e1t ,eek, .=m going to spend a day in a youth hoste). ;ormalmente, cuando van a Aspaa, se alojan en un chalet, pero el ao prximo, van a alojarse en un hotel# "orma))y, ,hen they go to +pain, they stay in a *i))a, but ne1t year, their going to stay in a hote). /Bienes habitaciones dobles libres1 %o you ha*e any ree doub)e roomsE /0unto cobra por noche en un habitacin singular1 /2e puede fumar all1 No, much does a sing)e room cost per nightE 3re you a))o,ed to smoke thereE :uedes recomendarme un hotel barato que tiene habitaciones familares libres1 Can you recommend a cheap hote) that has ree ami)y roomsE
Activities
;ight. +o you=*e arri*ed and unpacked. What no,E No, are you going to spend your timeE Bb*ious)y, you cou)d jugar al futbl 64p)ay ootba))47 or beber vino 64drink ,ine47, but c)ear)y there are more acti*ities than Must these...
.rse de Muerga 0omar e) so) "adar What about more genera) thingsE Why do you ,ant to go thereE What do you ,ant to get out o the tripE 0o say 4in order to4, you use para 6meaning 4 or47, o))o,ed by the in initi*e. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4E:nde vas a ir7 4PorBu> vas allH7 C!y go t!ere7 Ingl>s #spa1ol A1perimentar una cu)tura di erente 0o e1perience a di erent cu)ture Probar )a comida nati*a 0o try the )oca) ood 3prender e) idioma 0o )earn the )anguage
Wikibooks U .3
Chapter H
Notes
0here are Quite a e, ne, *erbs here. &ucki)y, most are regu)ar... 2acar is regu)ar 6saco, sacas, saca, sacamos, sacis, sacan7. Bomar is regu)ar 6tomo, tomas, toma, tomamos, tomis, toman7. 'rse is e1p)ained in more detai) be)o,. 7ailar is regu)ar 6bailo, bailas, baila, bailamos, bailis, bailan 7. ;adar is regu)ar 6nado, nadas, nada, nadamos, nadis, nadan7. Axperimentar is regu)ar 6experimento, experimentas, experimenta, experimentamos, experimentis, experimentan7. :robar is an B_h#A stem/changing *erb 6pruebo, pruebas, prueba, probamos, probis, prueban7. 3prender is regu)ar 6aprendo, aprendes, aprende, aprendemos, aprend%is, aprenden7. 'rse is Quite comp)icated. .t=s the same ir as described abo*e 6voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van7, but the se means that it=s re )e1i*e too, so it uses the re )e1i*e pronouns )earnt )ast )esson. 0hus, it=s conMugated5 me voy, te vas, se va, nos vamos, os vais, se van. With the nouns mentioned here, most o the genders are ob*ious. No,e*er, ,atch out or idioma and foto, since they ha*e the opposite genders to ,hat you ,ou)d e1pect. 'dioma is mascu)ine and 9oto is eminine. Bb*ious)y, nativo and diferente are adMecti*es. 3nother use u) adMecti*e to use in these phrases is nuevo, meaning 4ne,4.
#$amples
Al mes prximo, voy a ir a 'bi)a para irme de juerga# "e1t month, .=m going to go to .biTa to go c)ubbing. 0uando en 9rancia, puedo rejarme & me encanta nadar y tomar el sol# When in $rance, . can re)a1 / . )o*e s,imming and sunbathing. /:or qu% te gustara ir a Aspaa1 /:ara aprender el idioma1 Why ,ou)d you )ike to go to +painE 0o )earn the )anguageE Oan a ir a Erecia en noviembre# 5es gusta probar comidas nuevas y experimentar culturas diferentes# 0hey=re going to go to !reece in "o*ember. 0hey )ike trying ne, oods and e1periencing di erent cu)tures. 0uando vamos a 'nglaterra, nunca sacamos fotos buenas# When ,e go to Ang)and, ,e ne*er take good photos. /@s gusta bailar y iros de juerga1 %o you a)) )ike dancing and going c)ubbingE
Ste)-chan%in% /erbs
0he second type o irregu)ar *erb is another stemKc!anging ver*. 0his time, the e changes to ie in the 4.4, 4you4, 4he/she/it4 and 4they4 orms. 3n e1amp)e 6querer, meaning 4to ,ant47 is ,ritten in the tab)e be)o,. .@ U +panish
C%Dnde *as a irE Spanis! 8er* 9 4E:nde vas a ir7 ?uerer 9 To 'ant #spa1ol . Juiero Rou Juieres Ne/+he/.t Juiere We Jueremos Rou a)) Juer?is 0hey Juieren Bther *erbs that o))o, this pattern entender 64to understand475 entiendo, entiendes, entiende, entendemos, entend%is, entienden. empe)ar 64to start475 empie)o, empie)as, empie)a, empe)amos, empe)is, empie)an. preferer 64to pre er475 prefiero, prefieres, prefiere, preferemos, prefer%is, prefieren. pensar 64to think475 pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pensis, piensan.
Ingl>s
Notes
6uerer can be o))o,ed by the in initi*e 6quiero empe)ar means 4. ,ant to start47. ;emember tenerE We)), that is a stem changing *erb too5 tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, ten%is, tienenS :ensar is norma))y o))o,ed by que, meaning 4to think that4.
#$amples
6uiero almor)ar a las dos menos cuarto#
. ,ant to ha*e )unch at (5I@. Gsualmente, vamos a .usia en noviembre, pero Fuan prefiere ir a Aspaa" quiere aprender el idioma# #sua))y, ,e go to ;ussia en no*ember, but <uan pre ers going to +painhe ,ants to )earn the )anguage. :asado maana, vais a cenar en el hotel# /Antend%is1
0he day a ter tomorro,, you=re going to dine in the hote). %o you a)) understandE 0uando voy a ;ueva Welanda, quiero alojarme en un albergue juvenil, pero 2antiago prefiere los chaletes# Wikibooks U .A
Chapter H When . go to "e, >ea)and, . ,ant to stay in a youth hoste), but +antiago pre ers *i))as. Antiendo que se puede fumar en las habitaciones individuales, /no1 . understand you can smoke in the sing)e rooms, rightE /:iensas que las mujeres van a ser amables1 %o you think the ,omen are going to be niceE
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earnt No, to orm the simp)e uture tense in +panish 6voy a comer? vais a almor)ar? van a ir7 No, to say *arious uture time phrases 6pasado maana? maana por la noche? en el futuro7 No, to say ,hen, ,here and ho, you=re going on ho)iday 6el mes que viene, vamos a ir a 'rlanda en autocar7 No, to say or ho, )ong you=re going to stay 6voy a pasar un mes? pasa una semana7 No, to say ,hat sort o accomodation you=)) be in 6un cmping? un albergue junenil? voy a alojarme en una habitacin familiar7 No, to ask or accommodation 6/Bienes cuartos libres1? /0unto cobra por noche17 No, to say *arious ho)iday acti*ities 6me voy de juerga? bailan? probar comidas nuevas7 No, to orm ._h.A stem/changing *erbs 6quiero? entendemos? cierran7
Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound in the ne1t section7, and trans)ate the dia)ogue at the top be ore mo*ing on to )esson nine.
,-ercises
T!e Simple Juture tense

Put the o))o,ing into the simp)e uture tense. (. Como a )as seis. 2. <uegan a) btbo). .4 U +panish
C%Dnde *as a irE 3. 3)muerTa a )as seis. I. :e peino a )as tres. @. 'i*imos en un piso en .ng)aterra. 6. +e ))ama :igue). K. C%uermes a )a unaE H. +ois de Ascocia. L. 0engo doce aGos.
In t!e utureNNN
Put the o))o,ing in chono)ogica) order. (. Pasado maGana 2. A) aGo prD1imo 3. &a semana Que *iene I. :aGana por )a noche @. A) mes Que *iene 6. An e) uturo K. :aGana por )a maGana
<olidays
$i)) in the gaps in the o))o,ing te1t. Rou might not need to put anything in the gap. Al ao K!SSSS viene, voy M!SSSS ir R!SSSS $%xico en tren# Ooy a P!SSSS dos semanas all# ;ormalmente, paso solamente una semana, pero Q!SSSS gustara T!SSSS relajarme totalmente# Ooy a alojarme en L!SSSS chalet familiar con hombres amables que U!SSSS en V!SSSS Astados Gnidos tambi%n# Al chalet cobra KN!SSSS veinte euros KK!SSSS noche# 0uando all, hay KM!SSSS para hacer# Oamos a tomar KR!SSSS sol durante el da, y KP!SSSS la noche, vamos a bailar y KQ!SSSS de juerga# Bambi%n, KT!SSSS encanta la comida all & los huevos KL!SSSS fantsticos# KU!SSSS a cenar en un restaurante diferente cada noche# 9inalmente, KV!SSSS voy a ir a $%xico porque quiero aprender MN!SSSS idioma & espaol es fantstica#
StemKC!anging 8er*s
ComnMugate the o))o,ing *erbs in the present tense. (. Pensar (. .............. 2. .............. Wikibooks U .(
Chapter H 3. .............. I. .............. @. .............. 6. .............. 2. 0ener (. .............. 2. .............. 3. .............. I. .............. @. .............. 6. .............. 3. 0he o))o,ing are a)) *erbs you ha*e )earnt. +ay i changing, or not, and say i they=re A_h.A or B/#_h#A. (. <ugar 2. Comer 3. 3)morTar I. Juerer @. 'i*ir 6. Cenar K. Antender H. Poder
they are stem/
,-ercise ans+ers
Eialogue
Ral5 Ni +o aa. "e1t ,eek, .=m going to go to .ta)y. Sofa5 No, are you going to get thereE 2y trainE Ral5 "o. . hate trains- they=re *ery noisy. Sofa5 B course. . pre er airp)anes, too. Ral5 #sua))y . go to .re)and, but . ha*e a ticket or .ta)y. Sofa5 +o, are you going to buy another ticketE Ral5 "o, .ta)y is good too. . can sunbathe and e1perience the nati*e cu)ture. Sofa5 No, much time are you going to spend thereE Ral5 0,o ,eeks. .=d )ike to spend a month, but . can=t take myse) a month o ,ork. Sofa5 . understand. +ee you )aterS
T!e Simple Juture tense

(. 'oy a comer a )as seis. 2. 'an a Mugar a) btbo). .- U +panish
C%Dnde *as a irE 3. 'a a a)morTar a )as seis. I. 'oy a peinarme a )as tres. @. 'amos a *i*ir en un piso en .ng)aterra. 6. 'a a ))amarse :igue). K. C'as a dormir a )a unaE H. 'ais a ser de Ascocia. L. 'oy a tener doce aGos.
In t!e utureNNN
(. :aGana por )a maGana 2. :aGana por )a noche 3. Pasado maGana I. &a semana Que *iene @. A) mes Que *iene 6. A) aGo prD1imo K. An e) uturo
<olidays
(. Que 2. a 3. a I. pasar @. me 6. un K. *i*en H. )os L. por (0.para ((.e) (2.por (3.irnos (I.me (@.son (6.*oy (K.e)
StemKC!anging 8er*s
ComnMugate the o))o,ing *erbs in the present tense. (. Pensar (. Pienso 2. Piensas 3. Piensa Wikibooks U ..
Chapter H I. Pensamos @. PensFis 6. Piensan 2. 0ener (. 0engo 2. 0ienes 3. 0iene I. 0enemos @. 0en?is 6. 0ienen 3. 0he o))o,ing are a)) *erbs you ha*e )earnt. +ay i changing, or not, and say i they=re A_h.A or B/#_h#A. (. #_h#A stem changing *erb 2. ;egu)ar *erb 3. B_h#A stem changing *erb I. ._h.A stemn changing *erb @. ;egu)ar *erb 6. ;egu)ar *erb K. ._h.A stem changing *erb H. B_h#A stem changing *erb
they are stem/
.0 U +panish
CCuF) es tu trabaMoE
2 4C UFL
$ialo%ue
#S TU TRA&AMO 7
8oca*ulary c)ientes customers Ral5 No)a, +o aa. CCuF) es tu trabaMoE Sofa5 0rabaMo en una tienda. Ral5 'a)e. Sofa5 R tb, CcuF) es tu trabaMoE Ral5 3h, soy pro esor de ing)?s. Sofa5 `Ju? buenoS CNab)as ing)?s nati*amenteE Ral5 "o, me encanta aprender idiomas. Sofa5 +a, Quiero aprender e) ing)?s para mi trabaMo, tambi?n. +iempre hay c)ientes Que Quieren hab)ar en ing)?s. As muy d aci). Rul5 +a, entiendo. `3diDsS
7obs and ocupations

.n +panish, to say someone=s Mob, you use ser 64to be47, o))o,ed by the name o the Mob 6some o ,hich are gi*en be)o,7. Rou use no artic)es / 4. am dentist4 62oy dentista7, rather than 4. am a dentist4 )ike in Ang)ish. 0o ask ,hat someone e)se does or a )i*ing, you use the phrase /0ul es tu trabajo1 6the name o this )esson7. +o, some Mobs5 Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4Cu)l es tu tra*a+o7 Tra*a+os 9 Mo*s Ingl>s A)ectrician P)umber 2ui)der 0eacher &a,yer %octor %entist Angineer Che #spa1ol A)ectricista P)omero 6m7 or P)omera 6f7 Constructor 6m7 or Constructora 6f7 Pro esor 6m7 or Pro esora 6f7 3bogado 6m7 or 3bogada 6f7 :?dico 6m7 or :?dica 6f7 %entista .ngeniero 6m7 or .ngeniera 6f7 Cocinero 6m7 or Cocinera 6f7
Wikibooks U .2
Chapter L
Notes
$or some o the abo*e Mobs, there are t,o options5 one or ma)es and one or ema)es. $or electricista and dentista, there is no di erence bet,een the genders. A*en men can be dentistas.
#$amples

As dentista# Ne=s a dentist. /Oas a ser m%dico1 3re you going to be a doctorE 6uiero ser abogada, pero cuesta mucho# . ,ant to be a )a,yer, but it costs a )ot. 2on profesores de espaol as qu% hablan espaol muy bien# 0hey=re +panish teachers so they speak +panish rea))y ,e)). /0ul es tu trabajo1 /Ares electricista1 What do you ,ork asE 3re you an e)ectricianE
A 5e+ I)portant Words

3t this point, ,e rea))y need to go through a e, important ,ords that ha*e been o*er)ooked in pre*ious )essons, ha*en=t rea))y got a home, or ha*e genera))y not got much air/time. 0hese are rea))y important, and immediate)y raise your )e*e) o +panish i you use them. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4Cu)l es tu tra*a+o7 Pala*ritos 9 Little 'ords Ingl>s 0oo 0oday "o, .n order to 3 )ot 0hat No, Current)y 3),ays #spa1ol %emasiado Noy 3hora Para :ucho Jue Ju? 3ctua)mente +iempre
00 U +panish
CCuF) es tu trabaMoE
Notes
Demasiado means 4too4 as in 4. am too nice4 62oy demasiado amable7. .t a)so means 4too much4 or 4too many4, as in 4.t costs too much4 6 0uesta demasiado7 or 4.t has too many rooms4 6Biene demasiadas habitaciones7. When it=s used as a sort o adMecti*e, it has to agree ,ith the noun. :ara, in the sense 4in order to4 is a),ays o))o,ed by the in initi*e. Ooy a ir a francia para relajarme means 4.=m going to $rance in order to re)a14. $ucho means 4a )ot4 64.t has a )ot o rooms4 / tiene muchas habitaciones7, but a)so 4many4 64. )i*e in many di erent houses4 / vivo en muchas casas diferentes7. &ike demasiado, it has to agree ,ith the noun it describes. 6u% means 4ho,4 on)y in the sense o 4No, antasticS4, +6u% fantstico-. 0mo is the Question ,ord meaning 4ho,4. %on=t con use actualmente ,ith 4actua))y4. .t means currently.
#$amples
/:or qu% vas a 0anad1 /:ara aprender el idioma1 Why are you going to CanadaE .n order to )earn the )anguageE Oivo en una casa adosada en ;euva Welanda que tiene muchas habitaciones# . )i*e in a terrace in "e, >ea)and that has many rooms. /6u% vas a comer ahora1 What are you going to eat no,E ;ormalmente, quiere almor)ar a la una menos cuarto, pero hoy, quiere comer a las dos# "orma))y, he ,ants to ha*e )unch at Quarter to one, but today, he ,ants to eat at t,o. /Oan a jugar al tenis1 +6u% fatal0hey=re going to p)ay tennisE No, a, u)S 2iempre ceno a las siete de la tarde# . a),ays dine at Kpm.
Workplaces
3s ,e)) as '!at your Mob is, it ,ou)d be undoubted)y use u) to be ab)e to say '!ere you ,ork. 3 shopE 3n o iceE 3 actoryE 0o do this, you use the regu)ar *erb trabajar 6trabaMo, trabaMas, trabaMa, trabaMamos, trabaMFis, trabaMan7, then our riend en 6meaning 4in47, then one o the options rom this tab)e, or any other bui)ding or irm. 3nother important )itt)e phrase to mention here is ganar dinero, meaning 4to earn money4. .t=s regu)ar, so is conMugated gano dinero, ganas dinero, gana dinero, ganamos dinero, ganis dinero, ganan dinero.
Wikibooks U 03
Chapter L Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4Cu)l es tu tra*a+o7 Cor,places 9 Lugares de tra*a+o Ingl>s 3n o ice 3 actory 3 shop 3 schoo) 3 restaurant 3 studio 3 garage #spa1ol #na o icina #na Fbrica #na tienda #n co)egio #n restaurante #n ta))er #n ta))er mecFnico
Notes
3s part o this phrase, you can a)so use a company name 6Brabajo en Besco meaning 4. ,ork at 0esco47, or e*en a country or p)ace name 6/Brabajas en 3lemania1 meaning 4%o you ,ork in !ermanyE47.
#$amples

Brabajamos en un taller mecnico en Aspaa# We ,ork in a garage in +pain. Brabajo en una tienda que se llama >oolworths# . ,ork in a shop ca))ed Woo),orths. /Dnde trabajas1 /An un colegio1 /Ares profesor1 Where do you ,orkE .n a schoo)E 3re you a teacherE 3ctualmente trabajo en una fbrica para ganar dinero# .=m current)y ,orking in a actory, in order to earn money. Brabajan en una oficina, pero prefieren trabajar en restaurantes# 0hey ,ork in an o ice, but they pre er ,orking in restuarants.
he 5uture ense
$or the past t,o )essons, ,e ha*e been using the phrase ir a to re er to the uture. "o,, there is a rea) uture tense in +panish, ,hich is ormed by changing the *erb itse) , and is trans)ated at 4,i))4. .t is ormed thus5
P uture stemQPendingQ
&et=s e1p)ain this5
0he uture stem is a orm o the *erb. &ucki)y or us, in most cases, it=s the same as the in initi*e. +o, or hablar 6meaning 4to ta)k47, the uture stem is simp)y hablar. 0he endings are sho,n in the tab)e be)o,. Rou add them to the uture
0@ U +panish
CCuF) es tu trabaMoE stem as su i1es. Spanis! 8oca*ulary 9 4Cu)l es tu tra*a+o7 Su i$es 9 Su i+os Ingl>s . Rou Ne/+he/.t We Rou a)) 0hey ? Fs F emos ?is Fn #spa1ol
Notes
+ome *erbs are ha*e irregu)ar uture stems. 3ssume a *erb is regu)ar un)ess you kno, other,ise. B the *erbs you ha*e )earnt so ar, this on)y app)ies to three5
Bener 64to ha*e475 tendr%, tendrs, tendr, tendremos, tendr%is, tendrn :oder 64to be ab)e to475 podr%, podrs, podr, podremos, podr%is, podrn 6uerer 64to ,ant475 querr%, querrs, querr, querremos, querr%is, querrn
#$amples

0omer% una man)ana# . ,i)) eat an app)e. :asado maana, /irs a las tiendas1 0he day a ter tomorro,, ,i)) you go to the shopsE 2er fontanera# +he ,i)) be a p)umber. Al mes que viene, tendr% ochenta aos# "e1t month, . ,i)) be H0. Al ao prximo, vivirn en una casa nueva# "e1t year, they ,i)) )i*e in a ne, house.
Su))ar(
.n this )esson, you ha*e )earnt No, to say ,hat you and others do or a )i*ing 6soy ingeniero? son abogados7 No, to ask ,hat someone does or a )i*ing 6/0ul es tu trabajo17
Wikibooks U 0A
Chapter L

No, to say *arious )itt)e, but important ,ords 6que? demasiado? mucho7 No, to say *arious ,orkp)aces 6una fbrica? un taller7 No, to orm the uture tense 6podrn? querr%? almor)aremos7
Rou shou)d no, do the e1ercise re)ated to each section 6 ound in the ne1t section7, and trans)ate the dia)ogue at the top be ore mo*ing on.
,-ercises
Mo*s and occupations

:atch the Ang)ish to the +panish. (. 2. 3. I. @. 6. K. H. L. A)ectricista $ontanera Constructor 3bogado Pro esora :?dico Concinera %entista .ngeniero a. P)umber b. &a,yer c. Angineer d. A)ectrician e. %octor . %entist g. 0eacher h. 2ui)der i. Che
A Je' Important Cords

0rans)ate the o))o,ing rom Ang)ish to +panish and *ice *ersa. (. . ha*e too many app)es. 2. Noy, trabaMo en una tienda para ganar dinero. 3. Rou=re a p)umberE `No, antasticS I. :uchos niGos Quieren ser constructores. @. . pre er men that p)ay rugby. 6. %e *eT en cuando, Quiero Mugar a) btbo), pero no ahora. K. #sua))y, ,e go s,imming, but today, ,e=re going to p)ay tennis.
Cor,places
Comp)ete the o))o,ing sentences. 04 U +panish
CCuF) es tu trabaMoE (. +oy pro esora5 trabaMo en iiiii. 2. As concinero5 trabaMa en iiiii. 3. "o me gusta mi trabaMo en iiiii, porQue es demasiado ruidoso. I. Bdio mi trabaMo en iiiii, porQue es muy aburrido. "o hay mucho para hacer. @. 0rabaMamos en iiiii Que se ))ama Narrods. +iempre es animado y `me encanta hab)arS
T!e Juture Tense

;e,rite the o))o,ing sentences, so that the *erb is in the uture tense. (. 'oy a CanadF 2. 0rabaMamos en un restaurante en )a ciudad. 3. C!anas *einte euros por horaE `Ju? buenoS I. 0ienen cuarenta y ocho aGos. @. Juiero dormir. 6. C<ugFis a) tenisE K. 'a a .r)anda para e1perimentar una cu)tura di erente. H. +oy ingeniera.
,-ercise ans+ers
Eialogue
Ral5 Ni, +o aa. What do you do or a )i*ingE Sofa5 . ,ork in a shop. Ral5 Bk. Sofa5 What about you, ,hat do you do or a )i*ingE Ral5 3h, .=m an Ang)ish teacher. Sofa5 !reatS %o you speak Ang)ish nati*e)yE Ral5 "o, . )o*e )earning ne, )anguages. Sofa5 Reah, . ,ant to )earn Ang)ish or my Mob, too. 0here are a),ays customers ,ho ,ant to speak Ang)ish. .t=s *ery di icu)t. Rul5 Reah, . understand. !oodbyeS
Mo*s and occupations

(. d 2. a 3. h I. b Wikibooks U 0(
Chapter L @. g 6. e K. i H. L. c
A Je' Important Cords

(. 0engo demasiadas manTanas. 2. 0oday, .=m ,orking in a shop to earn some money. 3. CAres ontaneroE `Ju? antFsticoS I. :any boys ,ant to be bui)ders. @. Pre iero hombres Que Muegan a) rugby. 6. Bccassiona))y, . ,ant to p)ay ootba)), but not no,. K. #sua)mente, practicamos )a nataciDn, pero hoy, *amos a Mugar a) tenis.
Cor,places
(. #n co)egio 2. #n restaurante 3. #n ta))er mecFnico- una Fbrica I. #na o icina @. #na tienda
T!e Juture Tense

(. .r? a CanadF 2. 0rabaMaremos en un restaurante en )a ciudad. 3. C!anarFs *einte euros por horaE `Ju? buenoS I. 0endrFn cuarenta y ocho aGos. @. Juerr? dormir. 6. C<ugar?is a) tenisE K. .rF a .r)anda para e1perimentar una cu)tura di erente. H. +er? ingeniera.
0- U +panish
Nistory O %ocument "otes
30 < ISTORS T E OCU6#NT N OT#S

Wikibook Histor(
0his book ,as created on 2003/0H/02 by 0homas+trohmann and ,as de*e)oped on the Wikibooks proMect by the contributors )isted in the ne1t section. .t ,as the irst )anguage book on Wikibooks. %uring %ecember 2006, it under,ent a comp)ete archi*e and re,rite by Ce)estianpo,er. 0he )atest *ersion may be ound at http5//en.,ikibooks.org/,iki/+panish.
P$5 Infor)ation 8 Histor(

0his P%$ ,as created on 200K/0K/(@ based on the 200K/0K/(I *ersion o the +panish Wikibook. 3 transparent copy o this document is a*ai)ab)e at Wikibooks5+panish/Print *ersion. 0he +ZW source o this P%$ document is a*ai)ab)e at Wikibooks5.mage5+panish.s1,. 0he temp)ate rom ,hich the document ,as created is a*ai)ab)e at Wikibooks5.mage5P%$ temp)ate.s1,.
Wikibooks U 0.
Chapter ((
33 A UT<ORS T I 6AI# C R#EITS

Principal Authors

0homas+trohmann 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 9ar) Wick 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 Wintermute 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 :arie)a ;i*a 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 :1n 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 +abbut 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 <a*ier Carro 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 $eno1ie)o 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 0hink $ast 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 Ce)estianpo,er 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 <ohn %=3damo 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7 3nthony2a)d,in 6 ta)k U emai) U contribs 7
All Authors
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20 U +panish
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=6 /,.BA I: COP<IN>
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?6 COP<IN> IN 0@AN I <

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Chapter (2
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SPANISH

Letter-sound correspondences in Spanish

One letter, one sound

Local pronunciation differences

Rules or pronouncing t!e implicit accent

)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

What's (our na)e*

Ho+ are (ou*

Ho+ do (ou spell that*

C!atDs your name7

<o' are you7

2ien $antFstico $ata) :a) :uy bien

<o' do you spell t!at7

C!atDs your name7

<o' are you7

<o' do you spell t!at7

)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

((. Bnce (2. %oce (3. 0rece

2(. 'eintiuno 22. 'eintidos 23. 'eintitr?s

I0. Cuarenta 60. +esenta @0. Cincuenta K0. +etenta

H0. Bchenta L0. "o*enta

Chapter 2 the ,ord 4uno4 is re erencing to is in the sentence.

Ho+ old are (ou*

What's the date toda(*

When's (our birthda(*

<o' old are you7

C!atDs t!e date today7

C!enDs your *irt!day7

Rourse) Rour parent6s7 0,o o your riends

<o' old are you7

C!atDs t!e date today7

C!enDs your *irt!day7

)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

Inde inite articles

T!e Present Tense

Chapter 3 T!ird /e /en

Present Tense #$amples

0uestions and ,-cla)ations

.ntroducciDn a )a gramFtica @. Compro 6. 3braTas K. ))e*o H. 'i*imos

?uestions and #$clamations

?uestions and #$clamations

)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

8oca*ulary &ondon 2ut We))

Countries of the World

A) ;eino #nido .ng)aterra

&os Astados #nidos

"ue*a >e)anda 3ustra)ia

C!ere do you live7

#spa1ol +oy Ares As +omos +ois +on

A) noreste A) este A) sudeste

C%Dnde *i*esE 3 3 3 3 terraced house )at bunga)o, room

#n piso #n bunga)o, #na habitaciDn

Cit( and Countr(side

Countries o t!e Corld

Chapter I (0.Where does he come romE

City and countryside

Countries o t!e Corld

City and Countryside

CJu? te gusta hacerE

)i*e *ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

Sports and Acti2ities

Chapter @ 3 )ot :any "otes

CJu? te gusta hacerE

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

.ntroducciDn a )a gramFtica @. Compro 6. 3braTas K. ))eo H. 'iimos

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

C%Dnde iesE 3 3 3 3 terraced house )at bunga)o, room

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error

)ie ersion P discussion P edit chapter P comment P report an error