PROGRAM PENINGKATAN KEBERKESANAN PELAKSANAAN KURIKULUM SAINS

BAHAN SUMBER PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN

SAINS MENENGAH RENDAH

USAHASAMA: BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM DAN JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI

PREFACE
As a progressive nation, Ma a!sia nee"s to #reate a so#iet! t$at is s#ienti%i#a ! oriente", &no' e"gea( e, $aving a $ig$ #apa#it! %or #$ange, %or'ar") oo&ing, innovative, an" #ontri(*ting to s#ienti%i# an" te#$no ogi#a "eve op+ent in t$e %*t*re, T$ere%ore, t$ere is a nee" to pro"*#e #iti-ens '$o are #reative, #riti#a , in.*isitive, open)+in"e" an" #o+petent in s#ien#e an" te#$no og!, T$e pri+ar! an" se#on"ar! s#$oo s#ien#e #*rri#* *+ is "eve ope" 'it$ t$e ai+ o% pro"*#ing s*#$ in"ivi"*a s, Tea#$ing an" earning strategies in t$e pri+ar! an" se#on"ar! s#$oo s#ien#e #*rri#* *+ e+p$asise t$e "eve op+ent o% s#ienti%i# an" t$in&ing s&i s t$ro*g$ vario*s approa#$es s*#$ as in.*ir!)"is#over!, #onstr*#tivis+, #onte/t*a earning earning an" +aster!

earning, Learning a#tivities are not 0*st #on%ine" to tra"itiona an" rote earning (*t instea" geare" to'ar"s a#tivating p*pi s1 #riti#a an" #reative t$in&ing s&i s, T$e tea#$ing an" earning pro#ess ena( es p*pi s to a#.*ire &no' e"ge, +aster s&i s, "eve op s#ienti%i# attit*"es an" insti no( e va *es in an integrate" +anner, 2ee"(a#&s %ro+ s#ien#e tea#$ers on t$eir "i%%i#* ties in tea#$ing #ertain topi#s initiate" t$e i"ea to "eve op t$is tea#$ing reso*r#e, '$i#$ $as (een #are%* ! "esigne" %or eas! *n"erstan"ing an" i+p e+entation, E/pert tea#$ers 'ere invo ve" in tai oring t$e a#tivities t$at are #onsi"ere" as (est pra#ti#es in tea#$ing an" earning, As e/e+p ars 'it$ t$e intention o% provi"ing so+e g*i"an#e in +eeting t$e earning o*t#o+es, t$is tea#$ing reso*r#e provi"es i"eas %or tea#$ers to i+prove an" en$an#e t$eir tea#$ing strategies, Ministr! o% E"*#ation 'o* " i&e to t$an& t$e o%%i#ers %ro+ t$e 3*rri#* *+ Deve op+ent Division, State E"*#ation Depart+ents, Distri#t E"*#ation 4%%i#es, e/pert s#ien#e tea#$ers, an" ot$ers '$o #ontri(*te" to t$e +ateria isation o% t$is tea#$ing reso*r#e,

CONTRIBUTORS
5, 6, 7, :, ;, <, =, >, ?, S#ien#e 3*rri#* *+ 4%%i#ers, 3*rri#* *+ Deve op+ent Division S#ien#e 3*rri#* *+ 4%%i#ers, State E"*#ation Depart+ents Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8Pri+ar! S#ien#e9 Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8Lo'er Se#on"ar! S#ien#e9 Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8Upper Se#on"ar! S#ien#e9 Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8P$!si#s9 Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 83$e+istr!9 Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8Bio og!9 Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8A""itiona S#ien#e9

TABLE OF CONTENTS
page Preface Contr !"tor# 1.0 Magic Science 2 4 6 # & 1( 1$ 14 11 16 1# i ii

1.1 Water And Solution 1.1.1 Weather Indicating Flower 1.1.2 Magic Solution 1.2 Air Pressure 1.2.1 Amazing Glass 1.2.2 Move A oin !n A "ottle 1.$ Dynamics 1.$.1 %emote ontrol %oller 1.$.2 S'ider Slider 1.4 Stability 1.4.1 entre !) Gravit* 1.4.2 +A*er %oc,1.4.$ +.eggie/0ang1.4.4 lown "o2 1.4.1 A 3ozen 4ails 2.0 Misconceptions In Science

2.1 Water And Solution 2.1.1 5va'oration !r "oiling6 2.1.2 oncentrated !r Saturated6 2.1.$ Solu2ilit* 2.1.4 Whose olour6 2.2 Air Pressure 2.2.1 What Is 7ressure6 2.$ Dynamics 2.$.1 What Is Wor, 3one6 2.$.2 Which 3istance6 2.4 Support And Movement 2.4.1 7ro' %oots !r Stilt %oots6 2.1 Ot er !"amples O# Misconception

2( 21 22 2$ 24 21 26 2# 2&

$.0

%lossary $(

$.1 Water And Solution $.1.1 7h*sical haracteristic !) Water A8Word 7ower "8Word 9um2le 8 rossword 7uzzle $.1.2 om'osition !) Water A8 Word 9um2le $.1.$ 5va'oration !) Water A8 rossword 7uzzle $.2 P ysical & aracteristic O# Water A8 rossword 7uzzle !"perimenting Identi#ying (ariables Activiti 1.1 Anal*sing :he 7rocess !) 5va'oration !) Water Activit* 1.2 :o Show :hat Movement !) Air A))ects :he %ate !) 5va'oration !) Water Activit* 1.$ Anal*sing Solution And Solu2ilit* Activit* 1.4 Anal*sing Solution And %ate !) 3issolving Activit* 1.1 :o Show :hat Size !) Solute 7article A))ect :he %ate !) 3issolving De#ining Operationally Activiti 1 Anal*sing Acid Activit* 2 Anal*sing Al,ali Activit* $ Anal*sing %ate !) 3issolving Activit* 4 Anal*sing :he 5))ect !) :em'erature !n Air 7ressure Activit* 1 Anal*sing :he 5<tension !) S'ring Activit* 6 Anal*sing Frictional Force

$1 $6 41

'.0 4.1

4$ 41 46 4& 4; 11 12 1$ 11 1& 61

4.2

RATIONALE In "e ivering s#ien#e #on#epts, not +an! tea#$ers are *sing interesting approa#$ in or"er to en$an#e st*"ents1 *n"erstan"ing, T$is is +a!(e "*e to a#& o% preparation an" ti+e #onstrain, St*"ents genera ! $ave pro( e+ to *n"erstan" s#ien#e #on#ept espe#ia ! t$e a(stra#t one, T$ere%ore, tea#$er s$o* " (e +ore #reative in t$e pro#ess o% "e ivering t$e &no' e"ge %or instan#e@ Tea#$er s$o* " (e a( e to trans%or+ an a(stra#t #on#ept into a #on#rete e/a+p e Tea#$er s$o* " +a&e t$e tea#$ing an" earning pro#ess +ore %*n To re ate #ertain earning o*t#o+es to "ai ! i%e sit*ations

OBJECTI$ES 5, 6, 7, :, ;, <, To provi"e tea#$ers 'it$ e/a+p es o% a#tivities, To en#o*rage tea#$ers to pra#ti#e A$an"s)on1 a#tivit! in tea#$ing an" earning pro#ess, To attra#t st*"ents1 interest in earning s#ien#e, To #reate a +ore interesting an" %*n at+osp$ere to t$e tea#$ers an" st*"ents '$en tea#$ing an" earning s#ien#e, To en$an#e t$in&ing s&i s an" s#ienti%i# s&i in st*"ents, To en#o*rage tea#$ers an" st*"ents to app ! &no' e"ge an" s&i s in a #reative an" #riti#a +anner,