Andrew Dunbabin March 2012

Thermowell Calcula io! Guide "! accorda!ce wi h AS#$ %TC 1&'( T)*2010
ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 1

"! roduc io!

ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 was written to replace ASME PTC 19.3-1974 followin so!e catastrop"ic fail#res in non-stea! ser$ice% t"ese t"er!owells passe& t"e criteria lai& o#t in 1974. T"e 2010 stan&ar& incl#&es si nificant a&$ances in t"e 'nowle& e of t"er!owell (e"a$io#r. ASME PTC TW-2010 e$al#ates t"er!owell s#ita(ilit) new an& i!pro$e& calc#lations incl#&in *

+ario#s t"er!owell &esi ns incl#&in steppe& t"er!owells T"er!owell !aterial properties ,etaile& process infor!ation -e$iew of t"e accepta(le li!it for fre.#enc) ratio Stea&)-state% &)na!ic an& press#re stress

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 2

Failure o+ a hermowell
"!

1&&, a hermowell +ailed i! he -eco!dary coola! loop o+ he #o!.u +a- breeder reac or i! /apa!' +ailure clo-ed he pla! +or 1, yearhermowell wa- de-i0!ed o AS#$ %TC 1&'( 1&14

The The The

+ailure wa- +ou!d o be due o he dra0 re-o!a!ce i!duced o! he hermowell by he li2uid -odium coola!

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide (

S re--e- o! a Thermowell
T"er!owells protect te!perat#re sensors fro! &irect contact wit" a process fl#i&. /#t once inserte& into t"e process% t"e t"er!owell can o(str#ct flow aro#n& it% lea&in to a &rop in press#re. T"is p"eno!enon creates low press#re $ortices &ownstrea! of t"e t"er!owell.
T"ese $ortices occ#r at one si&e of t"e t"er!owell an& t"en t"e ot"er% w"ic" is 'nown as alternatin $orte0 s"e&&in . T"is effect can (e seen in t"e e0a!ple of a fla pole ripplin a fla in t"e win&

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 4

Fre2ue!cy 3a io
4 +orte0 s"e&&in ca#ses t"e t"er!owell to $i(rate. 5 Flow 6irec io! 1f t"is $orte0 s"e&&in rate 2fs3 !atc"es t"e nat#ral fre.#enc) 2fnc43 of t"e t"er!owell% resonance occ#rs% an& &)na!ic (en&in stress on t"e t"er!owell reatl) increases

5orces create& () t"e fl#i& in t"e 6 plane 2in-line wit" flow3 are calle& &ra an& forces create& in t"e 7 plane 2trans$erse to flow3 are calle& lift T"e $orte0 s"e&&in rate for t"e &ra an& lift !#st (e calc#late&. T"e in-line fre.#enc) 2parallel to flow3 is 20 t"e trans$erse fre.#enc).

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide ,

"!duced Fre2ue!cie

)here he i!duced +re2ue!cy mee - he !a ural +re2ue!cy o+ he hermowell he ampli ude o+ 7ibra io! i!crea-e- rapidly The dra0 +re2ue!cy i!duced i- wice ha o+ he li+ +re2ue!cy i!duced' A- -uch i mee - he !a ural +re2ue!cy o+ he hermowell a hal+ he +luid 7eloci y o+ he li+ i!duced +re2ue!cy The dra0 +orce- are -maller ha! he li+ +orce- a!d u!der cer ai! -pecial co!di io!- may !o be -i0!i+ica! '

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 8

3e-o!a!ce 9loc: i!;

Bo h li+ a!d dra0 re-o!a!ce e!d- o 9loc: i!; o! he !a ural +re2ue!cy The low dampi!0 o+ hermowell- e<a00era e- hi- e++ec
"! li!e >dra0? e<ci a io!

Tra!-7er-e >li+ ?

F!

=omi!al loc:*i! ra!0e

Fluid 7eloci y
ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 1

Fre2ue!cy 3a io @imi
T"e fre.#enc) ratio 2fs 8 fnc43 is t"e ratio (etween t"e $orte0 s"e&&in rate an& t"e installe& nat#ral fre.#enc). 1n t"e ol& stan&ar&% t"e fre.#enc) ratio li!it was set to 0.9. T"is was to a$oi& t"e critical resonance ca#se& () t"e trans$erse 2lift3 forces 5ollowin t"e incl#sion of t"e in-line 2&ra 3 forces% a secon& resonance (an& !a) also nee& to (e a$oi&e& T"e trans$erse resonance (an& is a(o$e t"e 0.9 li!it

Fre2ue!cy 3a io @imi
T"e fre.#enc) li!it ratio is set at eit"er 0.4 or 0.9. T"e criteria for w"ic" li!it to #se is &efine& in ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 an& t"e t"eor) is si!plifie& (elow. T"is is t"e t"eor) #se& in t"e calc#lation an& s"o#l& not (e esti!ate& wit"o#t carr)in o#t t"e f#ll e$al#ation.

Thermowell - re-- loca io!

The hermowell i- a! u!-uppor ed beam a!d a- -uch he - re--e- co!ce! ra e a he roo o+ he - em

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 10

Thermowell-A whe! o per+orm a calcula io!

A hermowell ca! be co!-idered o be a !e0li0ible ri-: i+ he +ollowi!0 cri eria are me B

%roce-- +luid 7eloci y i- le-ha! 0'84 mC)all hic:!e-- i- &',, mm or more D!-uppor ed le!0 h i- 810 mm or le-3oo a!d ip diame er are 12'1 mm or more #a<imum allowable - re-- i8& #pa or more Fa i0ue e!dura!ce limi i- 21 #pa or more

For all o her co!di io!- i i- ad7i-ed ha a calcula io! i- per+ormed

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 11

Thermowell-A A--ump io!- a!d limi

A !umber o+ a--ump io!- are made i! he - a!dardB

Sur+ace +i!i-h o+ he hermowell will be (2 3a or be er The hermowell i- -olid drilled There i- !o weldi!0 o! he - em o+ he hermowell >o her ha! he a achme! o he +la!0e? Tha he +la!0e ra i!0 a!d a achme! are i! complia!ce wi h e- abli-hed - a!dard- ' Tha he hermowell i- wi hi! he dime!-io! limi - 0i7e! i! he - a!dard > able 4*1*1 a!d 4*2*1? Tha a!y corro-io! or ero-io! iallowed +or

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 12

ThermowellA he pa-- cri eria

There are +our cri eria +or a hermowell o pa-- e7alua io! o %TC 1&'( T)*2010

All +our o+ he cri eria !eed o be e7alua ed a!d all +our !eed o be pa--ed'

Frequency limit: he re-o!a!ce +re2ue!cy o+ he hermowell -hall be -u++icie! ly hi0h -o ha de- ruc i7e o-cilla io!- are !o e<ci ed by he +luid +low Dynamic stress limit: he ma<imum primary dy!amic - re--hall !o e<ceed he allowable +a i0ue - re-- limi Static stress limit: he ma<imum - eady*- a e - re-- o! he hermowell -hall !o e<ceed he allowable - re--, de ermi!ed by he Eo! #i-e- cri eria Hydrostatic pressure limit: he e< er!al pre--ure -hall !o e<ceed he pre--ure ra i!0- o+ he hermowell ip, -ha!: a!d +la!0e

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 1(

"! roduc io! o ABBF- )a:e Fre2ue!cy Calcula io!

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 14

Thermowell TypeST3CTG3$A6 ST3CS) ST3CF@G ST3CEA= ST3C)$@6

TA%CTG3$A6

TA%CS)

TA%CF@G

TA%CEA=

TA%C)$@6

ST$%CTG3$A6

ST$%CS)

ST$%CF@G

ST$%CEA=

ST$%C)$@6

H$5B ST3 I ST3A"GGTA TA% I TA%$3$6A ST$% I ST$%%$6 TG3$A6 I TG3$A6$6A S) I SJCH$T )$@6A F@G I F@A=G$6A
ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 1,

EA= I EA= STJ=$A )$@6 I )$@6*"=

6ime!-io! 6e ail-

=o eB @- a!d b- are o!ly applicable +or - ep*-ha!: hermowell ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 18

Calcula io! 3epor

%ro.ec a!d clie! de ail- +rom he Fro! %a0e are -how! here "!pu da a +rom he 6a a $! ry -hee i- pulled hrou0h here i!cludi!0 he hermowell ype a!d ma erial de ailThe calcula ed re-ul - are -how! i! ei her #e ric or "mperial u!i a- -elec ed o! he Fro! %a0e Thermowell Sui abili y i- he :ey i!+orma io! The rea-o! +or -ui abili y +ailure ca! be +ou!d i! he comme! -ec io!
ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 11

)he! a Calcula io! Fail1f a t"er!owell fails t"e e$al#ation% t"e &esi n can (e c"an e& in t"e followin wa)s*
K K

S"orten t"e t"er!owell to re&#ce t"e #ns#pporte& len t" 1ncrease t"e t"ic'ness of t"e t"er!owell 2A an& /3 A $elocit) collar can (e a&&e& to re&#ce t"e #ns#pporte& len t" alt"o# " t"is is not enerall) reco!!en&e&. A $elocit) collar is #se& to pro$i&e a ri i& s#pport to t"e t"er!owell an& will wor' onl) if t"ere is an interference fit (etween t"e stan&off wall an& t"e collar. Care !#st (e ta'en to ens#re t"e collar !eets t"e stan&off wall at installation an& is not affecte& () corrosion. 1f a $elocit) collar is t"e onl) $ia(le sol#tion% it is t"e responsi(ilit) of t"e operator to ens#re t"ere is an interference fit (etween t"e stan&off wall an& t"e $elocit) collar.

ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 18

 ABB Group February 18, 2014 | Slide 1&