Formula Sheet

Stresses: Unsymmetric bending:

=
=

P A

M c I

T c J
Iz tan Iy

P Mz y M yz + + A Iz Iy

tan =

Shear stress: Thin-walled pressure vessel:

VQ It pr t

q = t =

VQ I

1 =

2 =
tan 2 p =

pr 2t

Stress Transformation: + y x y x' = x + cos 2 + xy sin 2 2 2 y x' y' = x sin 2 + xy cos 2 2

2 xy

( x y ) ( y ) tan 2 s = x 2 xy

max

x y 2 = 2 + xy

avg =
2

x +y
2

1, 2 =

x +y
2

x y 2 2 + xy
M

Beam Design: Yield Criteria:

S min =

max

all

m =

Vmax , where Aweb = d t web Aweb

Von Mises (Distortion Energy): Tresca (Maximal Shear Stress):

2 2 a a b + b2 < Y

a < Y
or:

and

b < Y

a b < Y

Strain Gauge Transformation: Generalized Hooks Law: 1 x = x ( y + z ) E 1 y = y ( x + z ) E 1 z = z ( x + y ) E

( ) = x cos 2 + y sin 2 + xy sin cos

xy =

1 xy , G E G= 2(1 + )

yz =

1 yz , G

zx =

1 zx G

Plane Stress: x =

E x + y (1 2 )

Elastic Curve: d4y 1 dV w( x ) = = 4 EI dx EI dx Strain Energy Expressions: P2L Ui = 2 AE

L

d3y 1 dM V ( x ) = = 3 EI dx EI dx

d 2 y 1 M ( x) = = EI dx 2

constant axial load P

Ui =
0

f sV 2 dx 2GA

transverse shear V

M2 Ui = dx 2 EI 0

bending moment M

Ui =

T2 dx 2GJ 0

torsion T

Castiglianos Theorem:

xj =

F L F U = i i i Pj Ai E i Pj
Pcr =

xj =

U M M = dx Pj EI Pj

Buckling:

2 EI
( Le ) 2

Geometric Properties of Area Elements:

y

A = bh
x

y r
C

b
Rectangular Area

1 I x = bh3 12 1 I y = hb 3 12

Semicircular Area
y

4r 3

1 A = r 2 2 1 I x = r 4 8 1 4 I y = r 8

h
C

b
Triangular Area

1 A = bh 2 1 I x = bh 3 1 36 h
3

r x
C

A = r2
1 Jc = r 4 2 1 Iy = Ix = r4 4
2 a 5

Circular Area

A=
h
C x

1 h(a + b) 2

3 b 8
C

A=

2 ab 3

zero slope

b
Trapezoidal Area

1 2a + b h 3 a+b

a
Semiparabolic Area