Endocrine System

Presentation prepared by: Muhamad Nabeel Uddin

 It is a collection of glands that secrete chemical

messages we call hormones.

Gland: A gland is a group of cells that produces and

secretes, or gives off, chemicals.

Hormone: are chemicals that regulate or controls the

activity of certain cells or organs

 Hormones are released from glands into the blood

vessels They travel to target organs, where they cause a change

Gland Pancreas islets of

Langerhans

Hormone secreted Insulin

Function of hormone -reduce glucose concentration in the blood

Pancreas islets of Langerhans

Glucagon
Thyroxine Adrenalin

-increase the glucose concentration in blood

Increase rate at which nutrients are used (metabolism) -fight/flight response -increase heart rate -increase breathing rate ADH allows water to be reabsorbed from the nephron

Thyroid Adrenal

Pituitary

ADH Other hormones such as Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Gland Ovaries

Hormone secreted Oestrogen

Function of hormone Cause the lining of the uterus to thicken (increase blood supply)

Ovaries

Progesterone

Maintain uterus lining, and prevents breakdown during pregnancy

Testes

Testosterone

Stimulate sperm production

 In animals such as ourselves, the internal environment

of our bodies must have certain conditions within tolerable limits to continue the healthy functioning of us.
This is done by a process called negative feedback

control, where various receptors and effectors bring about a reaction to ensure that such conditions remain favourable
Maintaining a constant internal condition in animals

is called homeostasis

 There are two types of diabetes Type 1:

The body does not produce insulin Usually develop in early adulthood or teenage years.

 Type 2 Diabetes
The body does not produce enough insulin for proper

function, or the cells in the body do not react to insulin (insulin resistance).
Overweight/obese persons are at high risk

Drinking just one can of (non-diet) soda per day can

raise our risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 22%

 Frequent urination Intense hunger Increased fatigue Blurred vision Cuts and bruises that do not heal quickly Numbness in hands and feet

 Use of insulin Tablets e.g. metfomin Regular exercise: reduce blood glucose Avoid food with excess sugar Eat a balanced diet