1 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web www.honeywell.com Fire Alarm and Suppression Systems - Maintenance For: Building Maintenance / Operator Staff, Engineers and Technicians.
1 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web www.honeywell.com Fire Alarm and Suppression Systems - Maintenance For: Building Maintenance / Operator Staff, Engineers and Technicians.
1 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web www.honeywell.com Fire Alarm and Suppression Systems - Maintenance For: Building Maintenance / Operator Staff, Engineers and Technicians.
www.honeywell.com Fire Alarm & Suppression Systems - Maintenance
For: Building Maintenance/Operator Staff, Engineers and Technicians
Presented by: Honeywell Life Safety (MEA) Technical Department By : Novel Daniyel Technical/Training Dept Manager 3 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Objectives Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm
Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System
To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation
Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components
Understanding the importance of System Maintenance
How to perform good maintenance of your system 4 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Agenda
Sections 1, 2 and 3
TEA/COFFEE break
Section 4, 5 & 6
Q & A
5 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Objectives Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm
Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System
To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation
Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components
Understanding the importance of System Maintenance
How to perform good maintenance of your system 6 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Section 1: Detection & Alarm Detection: SENSES : SIGHT, SMELL, FEEL 7 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web F I R E !
F I R E ! !
F I R E ! ! ! Section 1: Detection & Alarm Alarm: SENSE Hearing and Sight (audible) (visible) 8 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Objectives Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm
Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System
To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation
Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components
Understanding the importance of System Maintenance
How to perform good maintenance of your system 9 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web What is a Fire Alarm System? A system or portion of a combination system that consists of components and circuits arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiate appropriate response to those signals. NFPA 72 2002
Fire Alarm Panel Initiating/Monitoring Appliance Alarm Notification Appliance 10 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web A LIFE SAFETY principle that provides Early Warning to building occupants when the fire is in its incipient or early stage. Section 2 : Fire Alarm Principle Input Output Signal & Detection FACP Output & Notification 11 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web In Summary The Fire Alarm primary function is firstly to detect a fire or fire condition, and secondly to sound audible alarms in all parts of the building BS5839 12 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm
Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System
To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation
Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components
Understanding the importance of System Maintenance
How to perform good maintenance of your system Objectives 13 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Detector Categories
Fire Alarm Devices (Output / Notification Devices) - Devices which alert people of the fire conditione.g: sounders, voice alarms, strobesetc
Fire Circuit Devices (Line Units) - Devices with electrical functions related directly to the detection/alarm circuit, e.g: sort circuit isolators, input output line units.
14 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Automatic detection 15 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Detector Categories Heat detection Fixed Temperature Rate of Rise Linear heat detection Smoke detection Aspiration detectors Beam - light obscuration Ionization Video Smoke Detection Optical - light scatter Other types of detection Flame Gas or CO detection Multi-sensor fire detectors Combination of Optical, Heat & CO sensors
16 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Order of Response 1. Aspirating Detectors 3. Flame Detector 2. Spot Type Smoke Detectors 4. Heat Detector
Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Time S m o k e
S e n s i t i v i t y
Incipient Stage Visible Smoke Flaming Fire Intense Heat 1 2 3 4 17 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Heat detection: Temperature measurement principle May be FIXED temperature type 57 degC May be RATE-OF-RISE type 10 degC per minute Combination Heat detectors are available (ROR + FIXED) Used in high steam or dusty environments viz. Garages, Kitchens Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 18 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Linear (Line Type) Heat Detector
Actuators Outer Insulation Protective Tape Heat Sensitive Material Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 19 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Smoke detection: Ionisation principle Small amount of radioactive material (Americium 241) ionizes chamber Current flows in the chamber due to ionized air particles Smoke decreases conductivity, causing ALARM Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 20 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Smoke detection: Photo-Electric/Optical principle Works with light scattering principle Contains light transmitter and photosensitive receiver During normal operation - light does not fall on receiver Smoke ingress causes light reflection onto the receiver, causing ALARM IR Emitter Aerosol particles 140 0 IR Photo diode receiver Back Scatter Forward Scatter Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 21 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Light Scattering Principle Sensing Chamber Light Emitting Diode Photo Diode Partition Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 22 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Optical Chamber Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 23 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Combination detector: Optical+Heat Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 24 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Smoke detection: Beam sensor Requires a transmitter and a receiver (single pass Reflecting types are also available (double pass) Avoid direct sunlight on RECEIVER Tx and Rx powered by control panel OR external source
R A C K S Tx Rx ABC Logistics Warehouse Tx Rx Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 25 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web
Pipes with aspirating holes Each hole is considered a point detector (equivalent to a single smoke detector) Used in very clean environments (computer labs) Can be up to 100 times more sensitive than a standard smoke detector Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 27 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web High Sensitivity Sampling Chamber Calibrated Air Sampling Fan Sampl i ng Det ec t or Air Aspirating Systems Pr ot ec t ed Ar ea S a m p l i n g
P o r t s
S a m p l i n g
P o r t s
S a m p l i n g
P o r t s
Sampl i ng Pi pe Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 28 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Other type of detectors:
IR/UV Flame sensors
CO gas detectors (Odourless gas)
Duct Smoke Detectors
Video Detection Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 29 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Water-Flow Switch Any flow of water from a sprinkler system, due to OPENING of a sprinkler head, will result in activation of this switch and subsequently indicate an alarm condition Flow switch WET
R I S E R Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 30 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Manual detection Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 31 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Fire Box or Manual Pull Station or Break Glass Unit - When activated it trips an ALARM - Installed in exit paths, stairwells, lift lobbies Various types: - Single Action Pull handle once Glass Break - Glass rod or plate is broken - Double Action Lifting of a cover or opening a door Glass Break Then push activation button Manual Detection Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 32 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Manual A L A R M Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 33 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web OUTPUT devices (not detection devices): Controlled by the panel Can be visual, audible or both Can be local or remote More than one may be activated Devices may be mounted inside or outside based on level of protection required May consist of: - Sirens - Bells / Sounders - Buzzers - Horns - Voice Drivers - Strobes Visual alarm using flashing lights : Used to help the hearing impaired Or if the ambient background noise level is high Automatic A L A R M Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 34 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Speaker (Textual Audio): An incident has been Detected in the building Please leave the building By the nearest available EXIT Do not use the LIFTS
Audible Automatic A L A R M Sounders Bell Horn Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 35 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web
Visual Automatic A L A R M Strobes Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 36 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web
Audible / visual Automatic A L A R M Speaker/Strobe Chime/Strobe Horn/Strobe Speaker/Sounder/detector/strobe Sounder/Strobe Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 37 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web PANELS NFS2-3030 FCI 7100 MS-9600 IdentiFlex 602 ZX-1e Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 38 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Control Panel: Receives signals from initiation devices (contacts, smoke detectors etc.) Activates appropriate notification devices (horns/bells, strobes etc .) Monitors system wiring and power (AC/DC) Processes programmed instructions (shutdown A/C, recall elevators, etc . . . ) Informs the fire station through central monitoring station (if applicable) Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 39 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Primary (AC)
Secondary (DC) Requires two Power Sources Elements of a Control Panel Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 40 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Power Supply - Mains supply 230V AC Use un-switched outlet close to the panel. Put a signboard SUPPLY FOR FIRE ALARM PANEL DO NOT TAMPER
- Battery Backup (internal to the panel) Backup source in case of power loss/failure e.g: electrical fault Fire systems require specific amounts of available backup time (controlled by standards/codes/local authorities) NFPA (24hr standby + 5 mins full alarm) BS5839-1 (24hr standby + 30 mins full alarm) Supplies current for both detection/initiation devices and alarm/notification devices
Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 41 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Remote Annunciators Zone Annunciator Liquid Crystal Display Graphic Annunciator (Custom) Remote Serial LCD Remote Annunciator Remote Annunciator Remote Annunciator Section 3 : FAS Basic Components 42 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm
Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System
To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation
Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components
Understanding the importance of System Maintenance
How to perform good maintenance of your system Objectives 43 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Section 3 : Fire Suppression System A combination of LIFE SAFETY & PROPERTY SAFETY that comprises of Detection and Suppression, operates automatically without or with human intervention. 44 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web A total flooding system that extinguishes fire by reducing OXYGEN level or inhibits CHEMICAL REACTION in an enclosure/room using Inert or Clean Agent gases. The system composes of Alarm Detection Devices, Agent/Gas cylinder, Mechanical piping and Solenoid actuator device. Principle of a Fire Suppression Fire Triangle Principle: Eliminating one of its elements will extinguish fire 45 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web System Applications Where an occupancy/room that contains high value items, irretrievable data, artefacts collection, records, un-interruptable operation and etc. Most advisable for CLASS C Electrical Fire that would make normal water sprinkler risky to install. Also applicable for Class A and B.
Main Applications: 1. Server/Data Rooms 4. Electrical Rooms 2. Municipal Records Room 5. Hospital 3. Art Gallery/Museums 6. Etc. 46 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Type of Gases / Clean Agents Inert Gas IG-55 contains 50% Ar and 50% N2 IG-541 contains 40% Ar, 52% N2 and 8% CO2
FM-200 HFC227ea known as Heptaflouropropane CF3CHFCF3
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
Others Halon, Inergen, Argonite & Novec Environmental and Toxicity Factor Halon 1301 FM200 Inert CO2 Ozone Depletion Potential, CFC 11 =1 10-17 0 0 0 Global Warming Potential, CO2 kg 100 6900 3300 0 1 Atmospheric Lifetime, years 65 33 Present in Air NOEL 5% 9% 43% Lethal for Human LOEL 7% 10.5% 52% 47 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Modes of Operation Automatic Actuation:
+ =
Zone 1 Zone 2 Gas Discharge
(Pre-discharge time delay after Cross-zone prior to Gas Discharge) Manual Actuation:
OR =
Releasing Pull Manual Pneumatic Gas Discharge Station Lever
(No time delay Instant release; Will over-ride Abort operation) 48 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm
Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System
To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation
Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components
Understanding the importance of System Maintenance
How to perform good maintenance of your system Objectives 49 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Why Maintenance is important To ensure operational integrity, the system shall have an inspection, testing and maintenance program. (NFPA 72 14.2.1.1)
Life Safety is the most important aspect in a facility, being the central component of any fire protection installation, the fire alarm system deserves the highest level of care and maintenance achievable.
Ensures that your System/devices remains in good physical condition and that there are no physical changes that would affect detector performance such as building modifications, occupancy hazards and environmental factors.
A well maintained system is more reliable and efficient.
To prolong life span of your Fire Alarm and devices.
Fire Alarm System saves lives, your property and your business.
Therefore it is a MUST! 50 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web News Related NY Times 51 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Would you imagine people occupying your Hotel/Building and a Fire Happens.
With a Faulty System Detector removed, Fire fighting Valves closed, Sounder circuit open etc
Your loved ones Your Business Why Maintenance is important Your Investment Will you take this RISK???? Yes you provided Fire Alarm and Fire Fighting equipments in your Facility but are you sure that it is working as it was before?
Do not take this risk Be Responsible! 52 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm
Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System
To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation
Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components
Understanding the importance of System Maintenance
How to perform good maintenance of your system Objectives 53 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web System Maintenance Types of Maintenance Category Sub-Category Description Planned Maintenance Time-based Maintenance (*) Detects system deterioration and prevents failure by systematic inspection and monitoring undertaken at pre-determined time intervals. Condition-based Maintenance Corrective maintenance work performed, as a result of significant deterioration or failure, to restore the system to full functionality Statutory Maintenance Actions performed to provide minimum level of maintenance to meet mandatory requirements (BS or NFPA). Often includes Time-based and Condition-based maintenance task. Unplanned Maintenance Routine & Breakdown Maintenance Unplanned and reactive maintenance actions performed to restore the system to full functionality, as a result of an unforeseen failure. Incident Maintenance Unplanned maintenance actions to restore the system to full functionality as a result of damage resulting from a vandalism, fire or other accidents. 54 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Time-based Maintenance Program (BS5839 part 1) A maintenance program that conducts Inspection, Testing and Maintenance on scheduled intervals not waiting for a failure to occur. Preventive rather than Corrective. System Maintenance Inspection This is to ensure that your devices are in good physical condition that there are no physical changes that would affect detector performance such as building modifications, occupancy hazards and environmental factors. Testing This is to ensure that proper operation of each and every device is met including cause and effect verification of the fire alarm system. Make sure that building administrator is notified prior to conducting any test. Always refer to manufacturers recommendation in testing field devices and panel. Maintenance This is to ensure that devices are within its listed operating parameters. 55 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web System Maintenance Testing: BS5839 Each week a call point should be operated. It should be confirmed that the system operated correctly. NFPA72 Manual call point are to be tested ANNUALLY. Inspections: BS5839 The time between inspections should be based on risk assessment but should not exceed six months. The time between inspections should be agreed between the parties. NFPA72 Minimum Inspection frequency should be in accordance to the code located in Chapter 14. A more frequent schedule can be carried out but not less than stated in Chapter 14. 56 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Fire Alarm & Detection Monthly Quarterly Semi- Annual Annual Control panels Batteries Remote Annunciators Initiating Devices Air Sampling Duct Detectors Electromechanical Releasing Device Suppression System switches Manual Pull station Heat Detectors Radiant Energy Fire Detectors Smoke Detectors Supervisory Signal Devices Waterflow Devices Alarm Notification Appliances Interface Equipment Digital Alarm Comm. Equipment Inspection Frequency (NFPA 72, 2010, Chapter 14) Visual Inspection shall be made to ensure that there are no changes that affect equipment performance. To check for damage, obstruction or tampering. To check if devices needs cleaning or maintenance.
RECORD ALL INSPECTION ACTIVITIES System Maintenance 57 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Fire Alarm & Detection Monthly Quarterly Semi- Annual Annual Control panels Batteries Remote Annunciators Initiating Devices Air Sampling Duct Detectors Electromechanical Releasing Device Suppression System switches Manual Pull station Heat Detectors Radiant Energy Fire Detectors Smoke Detectors Supervisory Signal Devices Waterflow Devices Alarm Notification Appliances Interface Equipment Digital Alarm Comm. Equipment Testing Frequency (NFPA 72, 2010, Chapter 14) Functional testing shall be conducted as per Manufacturers recommendations, BS5839 or NFPA72 requirements. This is to ensure that the devices/panel are operating as expected. This is to verify panels cause and effect operation. To identify faulty or out of standard devices.
RECORD ALL TESTING ACTIVITIES System Maintenance 58 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web System Maintenance Clean Agent System Quarterly Semi Annual Annual Other Remarks System Inspection System Test Discharge test is not required Weigh/Check Cylinders The agent quantity & pressure shall be checked Container Test Refer to Manufacturer Hose/Pipe Test Piping puff test to be done at least every 5 years Room Integrity Test Enclosure Leakage/Integrity Test by certified person. Clean Agent Maintenance Important Reminders: 1. Isolate the releasing circuit before conducting any maintenance/testing to avoid accidental discharge. 4. The room must be kept totally sealed and air-tight. Room integrity test shall be conducted annually especially when changes in the room occurred that could adversely affect agent leakage or change volume of hazard or both.
5. Room modifications/full partitions are not allowed in this system. 2. Notify building admin before conducting any maintenance/test.
3. Record all inspection/testing and maintenance. Door Fan Room Integrity Test Kit 59 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Testing Tools Functional Testing tools: Calibrated Performance testing tools: Smoke (Aerosol) & Heat Tester by SOLO Gemini Smoke Detector Sensitivity Tester Smoke Pellets Trutest Smoke Detector Sensitivity Tester Smoke, CO, Heat Tester By Testifier DB Sound level Meter Magnets are not considered as a way to functionally test a detector rather used for response test only. Note: Use testing tools listed for its purpose! 60 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Good Practice In every Testing, Inspection and Maintenance, a checklist should be filled and kept in record. Log all new activity or event shown by the FACP in a log book recording the date and time, address , device location and description (BS 5839). Keep all records in a secured cabinet or box. This will be for future reference on maintenance and troubleshooting. Place record tagging in every device that has been tested/Inspected. Keeping the Records 61 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web Good Practice Responsible Person The Responsible person for the premises is to ensure that a weekly test of the buildings Fire Alarm System is carried out as per regulatory standards. (BS 5839 part 1) Supervises routine maintenance undertaken by a professional fire alarm engineering company. Assign/nominate a person to supervise the Fire Alarm System. The nominated person should have sufficient authority to authorize any necessary work to the fire alarm system immediately to ensure it is kept operational at all times. It is vital that all actions are recoded accurately in the logbook and made available to any authorized person (e.g. Fire Brigade). 62 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web & Finally Thank You!! See you soon in our next course Advanced Fire Alarm