3/7/2014
Material Sound Velocities /
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Home > Thickness Gage Tutorial > 9.0 Appendices > Material Sound Velocities
1.0 Introduction to Ultrasonic Thickness Gaging 2.0 Ultrasonic Transducers for Thickness Gaging 3.0 Modes of Measurements 4.0 Calibrating an Ultrasonic Thickness Gage 5.0 Gage Setup Considerations 6.0 Factors Affecting Measurement 7.0 Special Conditions 8.0 Typical Ultrasonic Gaging Applications 9.0 Appendices Material Sound Velocities Transducer Range Charts Ultrasonic Thickness Gaging Glossary
Material Sound Velocities
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Thickness Gage Tutorial
Material Sound Velocities
The table below lists typical longitudinal wave ultrasonic velocities in a variety of common materials that can be measured with ultrasonic thickness gages. Note that this is only a general guide. The actual velocity in these materials may vary significantly due to a variety of causes such as specific composition or microstructure, grain or fiber orientation, porosity, and temperature. This is especially true in the case of cast metals, fiberglass, plastics, and composites. For best accuracy in thickness gaging, the sound velocity in a given test material should always be measured by performing a velocity calibration on a sample of known thickness. Ultrasonic Velocities in Common Materials
Material Acrylic (Perspex) Aluminum Beryllium Brass Composite, graphite/epoxy Copper Diamond Fiberglass Glycerin Inconel Iron, Cast (soft) Iron, Cast (hard) Iron oxide (magnetite) Lead Lucite Molybdenum Motor oil Nickel, pure Polyamide Nylon Polyethylene, high density (HDPE) Polyethylene, low density (LDPE) Polystyrene Polyvinylchloride, (PVC) Rubber, polybutadiene Silicon Silicone Steel, 1020 Steel, 4340 Steel, 302 austenitic stainless Tin Titanium Tungsten Water (20C) Zinc V (in./sec) 0.1070 0.2490 0.5080 0.1740 0.1200 V (m /sec) 2730 6320 12900 4430 3070
0.1830 0.7090 0.1080 0.0760 0.2290 0.1380 0.2200 0.2320 0.0850 0.1060 0.2460 0.0690 0.2220 0.0870 0.1020 0.0970
4660 18000 2740 1920 5820 3500 5600 5890 2160 2680 6250 1740 5630 2200 2600 2460
0.0820
2080
0.0920 0.0940 0.0630 0.3790 0.0580 0.2320 0.2300 0.2260 0.1310 0.2400 0.2040 0.0580 0.1640
2340 2395 1610 9620 1485 5890 5850 5740 3320 6100 5180 1480 4170
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Zirconium
Material Sound Velocities /
0.1830 4650
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