YARN FORMATION

2014
SPEED FRAME

Submitted by: NAME-SANDEEP YADAV ROLL NO-12110067 GROUP-T2 Btech 2nd YEAR Submitted to:

NITJ 3/10/2014

1. CALCULATE PRODUCTION OF SPEED FRAME IN Kg/8hrs WHEN GIVEN: FLYER SPEED=1000 rpm T.M. = 1.2 COUNT=1.8 NO. OF SPINDLES = 108

SOLUTION: WE KNOW THATTPI=T.M. COUNT TPI=1.2 1.8=1.6099 FRONT ROLLER DELIVERY=FLYER SPEED/TPI FRONT ROLLER DELIVERY=1000/1.6099=621.1565 inches/min. PRODUCTION=F.R. DELIVERY 8 60 EFFICIENCYNO. OF SPINDLES 36 840 COUNT

PRODUCTION=621.1565 8 60 .85108 36 840 1.8 PRODUCTION=502.8372 lbs. / 8 hrs. = 228.0852 kgs. / 8 hrs.

2. 3000 mtrs. OF D/F SLIVER IS FED TO THE S/F RUNNING WITH 650 rpm SPINDLE SPEED THAN FIND HOW LONG THE D/F SLIVER WILL BE CONSUMED WHEN GIVEN: HANK=1 T.M. = 1.5 TOTAL DRAFT EMPLOYED=5 EFFICIENCY=90% SOLUTION: TPI=TM COUNT TPI=1.5 1=1.5 F.R. DELIVERY = FLYER SPEED/TPI =650/1.5 =433.33 inches/min. DRAFT=F.R. DELIVERY SPEED/BACK ROLLER TAKING SPEED BACK ROLLER TAKING SPEED = F.R. DELIVERY SPEED/DRAFT =433.33/5 =86.66 inches/min. = 2.2 mtrs / min. TIME TAKEN TO FED 3000 mtrs = 3000/2.2 = 1363.636 min. = 22.72 hrs.

3. A S/F PRODUCES A PACKAGE OF 450 gms. THAN CALCULATE TIME REQUIRED FOR PRODUCTION OF A FULL PACKAGE WHEN GIVEN : BACK ROLLER SPEED = 30rpm

B R DIAMETER = 1 DRAFT = 6 EFFICIENCY = 85% COUNT = 3 SOLUTION: B.R. SURFACE SPEED = D N = 3.14 1 30 = 94.2 inches/min. F.R. DELIVERY SPEED = DRAFT B.R. SURFACE SPEED = 6 94.2 = 565.2 inches/min. PRODUCTION = (F.R. DELIVERY SPEED 8 60 EFFICIENCY) (36 840 COUNT) PRODUCTION = (565.2 8 60 .85) (36 840 3) = 2.5419 lbs. /8 hrs. 2.5419 lbs. PRODUCTIO TIME = 8 hrs. 2.5419453.6 gms. PRODUCTION TIME = 8 hrs. 450 gms. PRODUCTION TIME = (8 450) (2.5419 453.6) = 3.1246 hrs. 4. QUESTION: WHATS HAPPEN IF DRAFT IS BELOW THAN LOWER LIMIT IN A DRAW FRAME? ANS. - DEGREE OF DRAFT DEPENDS ON FEED MATERIAL AND REQUIRED REDUCTION IN LINEAR DENSITY OF OUTPUT MATERIAL TO REDUCE NUMBER OF FIBRE IN THE CROSS SECTION . A INTER FIBRE COHESSION FORCE ACTS BETWEEN FIBRE DUE TO WHICH THEY RESISTS TO DRAFT OR TO MOVE RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER,DRAFT IS BASICALLY INTRODUCED BY MAKING A SUITABLE DIFFERENCE IN THE SPEED OF FEED ROLLER AND DELIVERY ROLLER ,THISDIFFERENCE IN SPEED IS DEPENDENT UPON FEED MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS. DUE TO THIS DIFFERENCE IN SPEED , A PULLING FORCE ACTS ON FIBRE THAT OVERCOME THE INTER FIBRE COHESSION BETWEEN FIBRES AND RELATIVE MOVEMENT OF FIBRE ALONG THE DIRECTION OF LENGTH OF SLIVER TAKE PLACE IF THE VALUE OF DRAFTING FORCE IS LESS THAN ITS LOWER LIMIT THAN IT CANNOT OVERCOME THE INTER FIBRE COHESSION FORCE AND REARRANGEMENT OF FIBRE(DRAFTING) IN LENGTHWISE DIRECTION WOULD NOT TAKE PLACE. IN THE SLIVER , A DEGREE OF UNEVENNESS IS PRESENT, SO IT MAY HAPPEN THAT INTER FIBRE COHESSION FORCE IS LOWER AT SOME PLACE AND HIGHER AT OTHER PLACE AND IF DRAFTING FORCE VALUE IS IN BETWEEN THESE TWO THAN THE PART OF SLIVER WHERE THE INTER FIBRE COHESSION FORCE IS LOWER THAN DRAFTING FORCE , THERE DRAFTING OPERATION WILL TAKE PLACE AND WHERE INTER FIBRE COHESSION FORCE IS HIGHER THAN DRAFTING FORCE ,THAT PART OF SLIVER PASS THROUGH DELIVERY ROLLER WITHOUT DRAFTING .SO A HIGH DEGREE OF UNEVENNESS WILL OCCUR IN OUTPUT AND IT WILL BE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL THE MOVEMENT OF FIBRES IN DRAFTING OPERATION. 5. QUESTION: WHAT HAPPENS IF LONGER CRADLE LENGTH USED IS IN DRAFTING ZONE? ANS. - LONGERER CRADLE LENGTH MEANS NIP TO NIP DISTENCE BETWEEN ROLLERS OF DRAFTING ZONE IS LONGER THAN AVERAGE LENGTH OF FIBRE. IF LONGERER CRADLE LENGTH IS USED THEN THERE WILL BE IRREGULAR MOVEMENT OF FIBRES IN DRAFTING ZONE THAT WILL CREATE FLY AND HAIRYNESS IN THE ROVING SLIVER BECAUSE AFTER CRADLE GUIDING LENGTH FIBRE TENDS TO MOVE OUTWARD.

CRADLE LENGTH

6. QUESTION: - WHAT HAPPENS IF SHORTER CRADLE LENGTH IS USED IN DRAFTING ZONE? ANS. - SHORTER CRADLE LENGTH MEANS NIP TO NIP DISTANCE BETWEEN ROLLERS OF DRAFTING ZONE IS SHORTER THAN AVERAGE LENGTH OF THE FIBRE. IF SHORTER CRADLE IS USED THAN FIBRES WILL GRIPPED BETWEEN TWO ROLLERS NIP AND FIBRE WILL UNDER TENSION THAT MAY CAUSE OF BREAKAGE OF FIBRE.

7. QUESTION: - WHAT HAPPENS IF ANGLE OF TAPPERING OF A ROVING PACKAGE IS GRATER THAN 100 DEGREE? ANS.-

ANGLE OF TAPPERING DEPENDS UPON INTER FIBRE COHESSION. IF ANGLE OF TAPPERING IS LARGER THAN 100 DEGREE THAN LAYERS WILL SLIDE APART AND SPOIL THE TOP AND BOTTOM ENDS OF THE BOBBIN. DURING UNWINDING OF THE BOBBIN WHEN PACKAGE ROTATE THAN A CENTRIFUGAL FORCE ACT ON EVERY MASS OF THE LAYERS THAT DEPEND UPON ANGLE OF TEPPERING. CONSIDER MASS OF A PARTICULAR LAYER = m RADIOUS OF LAYER=r ANGULAR VELOCITY = Centrifugal force = mr Here r depends upon angle of tapper, which increases with increasing with this angle and hence centrifugal force also increases. If cohesion force is not able to overcome this centrifugal force than sliding of layers take place.

8. QUESTION: - HOW LEVEL OF TWIST IN ROVING EFFECT PROCESSING? ANS. - THERE ARE TWO SITUATIONS1. LEVEL OF TWIST IS HIGHER THAN REQUIRED IF TWIST LEVEL IS HIGHER THAN IT WILL CREATE PROBLEM IN BREAK DRAFT ZONE OF RING FRAME. IF TWIST OF ROVING IS NOT BREAKED IN BREAK DRAFT ZONE OF RING FRAME THAN SLIVER WILL BE UNDRAFTED IN MAIN DRAFT ZONE.

2. LEVEL OF TWIST IS LESSER THAN REQUIRED THAN IT WILL CAUSE BREAKAGE OF SLIVER IN CREEL ZONE OF RING FRAME AND WINDING ZONE OF SPEED FRAME.

9. QUESTION: - CONVERSION OF DENIER INTO Ne COUNT? ANS. DENIER= (WEIGHT IN GRAMMS) / (LENGTH OF 9000 METER) Ne COUNT= (HANK OF 840 YARDS OF LENGTH) / (WEIGHT IN lbs.)

CONVERSION FORMULLA: DENIER = d COUNT = Ne

d ( 1 GRAMM ) / 9000 METER = Ne [ ( 840 YARDS ) / 1 lbs. ] d (1 GRAMM ) / 9000 METER = Ne ( 453.6 GRAMMS ) / ( 840 0.9 METER ) d = 5400 Ne COUNT IN Ne = 0.00019 DENIER;

10. QUESTION: - WHY NEED TO PRESERVE THE ELONGATION? ANS.- BECAUSE IF LESS TWIST IS GIVEN TO ROVING THAN IN WINDING ZONE AND FREE LENGTH OF SLIVER BETWEEN FRONT ROLLER AND TOP OF FLYER, THERE WILL FALSE DRAFT IN THIS ZONE, DUE TO TENSION APPLIED ON ROVING THAT LEADS TO VARY THE PROPERTIES OF SLIVER LIKE- FINENESS.

11. QUESTION: - WHY FLYER TOP IS CIRCULAR AND HOW NUMBER OF GROOVES IN FLYER TOP EFFECT LEVEL OF TWIST? ANS. - DUE TO ROTATION OF FLYER THERE WILL BE FRICTION BETWEEN GROOVES AND SLIVER. THIS FRICTION WILL APPLY A MOMENTUM ON THE SLIVER DUE TO WHICH SLIVER SURFACE SLIDE ON GROOVES ON ITS OWN AXIS AND THIS WILL CAUSE INSERTING TWIST IN SLIVER. IF NUMBER OF GROOVES ARE MORE THAN POINT OF MOMENT APPLYING WILL BE MORE AND HENCE TWIST INSERTED WILL MORE.

F (MOMENT)

THUS IF THE TOP OF THE FLYER IS CIRCULAR THAN MORE TWIST CAN BE INSERTED BECAUSE SLIDING OF SLIVER WILL BE MORE REGULAR THAN SQUARE TOP OF THE FLYER.

12. QUESTION: - WHAT IS THE MECHANISM OF THE FALSE TWISTING? ANS.-

FLYER TOP

AS SHOWN IN DIAGRAME FLYER ROTATION INSERT TWIST IN SLIVER UPPER AND LOWER PART IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION. IF CONSIDER A PARTICULAR LENGTH OF THE SLIVER IN WHICH UPPER PART IS TWISTED IN S DIRECTION AND LOWER PART IS TWISTED IN Z DIRECTION AS PER DIAGRAME. WHEN THIS PARTICULAR LENGTH PASS THROUGH THE TOP OF THE FLYER THAN TOTAL TWIST IN THIS LENGTH IS CANCEL OUT BY EACH-OTHER SO IT IS CALLED FALSE DRAFT.