January 2014 Masterbuilder

Editor-in-Chief
ed|tor_masterbu||der.co.|n
Vice-Chairman
moorthykgk_yahoo.co.|n
Director Editorial, Construction Chemicals
Editor-in-Charge
Editor
Associate Editors
Contributors
Vice President Marketing
Head-New Media nitiative
Finance
Manager Digital Production
Manager Digital Media
Creative Head
Production Manager
Digital Production Assistant

Subscription & Circulation Team
Corporate Office
102/11 (New No. 46/11),
Tr|pt| Apartments, Marsha||s Poad,
Egmore, Chenna| - 600 008.
Ph: 044-28555248 Te|eax: 28586703.
Subscription & Circulation
Website
Karnataka
Phone: 080 - 25701079 / 25705888
Mob||e
Owned and Published by
102/11 (New No. 46/11), Tr|pt| Apartments,
Marsha||s Poad, Egmore, Chenna| - 600 008.
rinted
T|mes Pr|nters & Pub||shers,
New No. 57 (29), Dr. Besant Poad,
lce House, Chenna| - 600 014.
Disclaimer
A|| r|ghts reserved. Peproduct|on, stored |n a
retr|eva| system, or transm|tted |n any orm or
by any means, e|ectron|c, mechan|ca|,
photocopy|ng, record|ng or otherw|se, |n
who|e or part w|thout pr|or wr|tten perm|ss|on
|s proh|b|ted. A|| v|ews expressed |n th|s
magaz|ne are those o the authors and do not
necessar||y re|ect those o the pub||sher,
ne|ther do the pub||shers endorse any o the
c|a|ms made |nthe advert|sements.
K.P. Pradeep
K G K Moorthy
Dr. Y P Kapoor
Pav| Damodaran
N|ge| Narayan
M.J. Kr|shna, M.K. Prabhakar, Son|ay Deb
Bhavan| Ba|akr|shna, Pr|ya,
Cha|tanya Pa| Goya|
H. sha Dev|
Pradeep Na|r
P. Prema
K. Sravanth| K|ran
Lakshm| Pahu|
S. N|th|yanandam
Caro||ne Dsy|va
P. Anand, Sudh|r Kumar S|ngh
Sateesh Kun|y||, S. Sas|
MB Pub||shers Pvt. L|m|ted
|akshm|_masterbu||der.co.|n
www.masterbu||der.co.|n
K.P. Pradeep

Ashok Natara|an
Head - Content Development CE,
nfrastructure & Environment
No.40, 2nd F|oor, 7th C Cross, Ashw|n|
Layout, Koramanga|a, Banga|ore - 560047.
: 09343833191
P By
Sadagopan Seshadr|
Your eedbacks are we|come and
shou|d be sent to: The Ed|tor,
The Masterbu||der, 102/11
(New No. 46/11), Tr|pt| Apartments,
Marsha||s Poad, Egmore, Chenna|,
lnd|a. Phone: 91 44 28555248
Te|eax: 91 44 28586703
Th|s undoubted|y seems to be the season o the Aam Aadm| - The common
man o lnd|a. The unbe||evab|e success o AAP |n the De|h| assemb|y e|ect|on
has no doubt brought |nto sharp ocus the many |ssues that are p|agu|ng the
common man. Ta|k|ng o |ssues, the one ma|or prob|em o the common man |n
th|s country that |s begg|ng or the co||ect|ve attent|on o a|| po||t|ca| part|es,
bothat the centra| and the state |eve| |s aordab|e hous|ng.
For m||||ons o lnd|ans, rap|d unp|anned deve|opment and h|gh rea| estate
pr|ces, tr|ggered by a boom |n m|grant popu|at|on, has |et the work|ng c|ass
cont|nue chas|ng an ever e|us|ve dream o |nd|ng an aordab|e home. lnd|a |s
oten ca||ed a |and o paradoxes and |t |s no d|erent |n the case o |ts rea|ty sec-
tor too. On one hand there |s a huge shortage o aordab|e hous|ng un|ts that
are w|th|n bounds or the work|ng c|ass, wh||e on the other there |s a mass|ve
res|dent|a| rea|ty |nventory that |s |y|ng |d|e or want o buyers, pr|mar||y ow|ng to
a var|ety o actors |nc|ud|ng skyrocket|ng |and pr|ces, r|s|ng construct|on cost,
etc, mak|ng them anexpens|ve propos|t|on evenor the re|at|ve|y we|| to do seg-
ment. ln such a scenar|o, |t |s |mag|nab|e as to why a roo over the head rema|ns
a m|rage or the |ower |ncome strata o the soc|ety.
ln the urban areas, an est|mate puts the aordab|e hous|ng shortage to be
about 20 m||||on un|ts and |n the rura| areas about 47.53 m||||on un|ts. A |ot o th|s
shortage |s go|ng to be |n the urban areas |n the near uture, w|th mass m|gra-
t|on cont|nu|ng unabated. lnd|as urban popu|at|on has grown at a CAGP o 2.8
% over 2001-2011 resu|t|ng |n an |ncrease |n the urban|zat|on rate rom 27.8 %
to 31.2 %. Out o lnd|as tota| popu|at|on o 1.21 b||||on, near|y a th|rd |s suppos-
ed|y urban dwe||ers. The Federat|on o lnd|an Chambers o Commerce (FlCCl)
est|mates that by 2050, the countrys c|t|es wou|d w|tness a net |ncrease o 900
m||||on peop|e. Furthermore, over 2012-2050, the pace o urban|zat|on |s ||ke|y
to |ncrease at a CAGPo 2.1 %- doub|e than that o Ch|na. A|| these |gures po|nt
to a huge shortage |naordab|e hous|ng un|ts.
No matter wh|ch party comes to power ater the |mpend|ng genera| e|ect|ons,
aordab|e hous|ng or the common man shou|d |dea||y be one o |ts key ocus
areas. The new government shou|d try to bu||d consensus or push|ng reorms
|nth|scruc|a| area. Stepsneedtobetaken|norder toencouragethepr|vatesector
part|c|pat|on|nthewho|eprocess. Theremust beaconsc|ous eort toencourage
PPPs |n aordab|e and |ow-cost hous|ng. The b|uepr|nt |s a|ready there. Pecent
PPPs |nthe area have beensuccessu| |nstates ||ke Maharashtra and Gu|arat.
The government shou|d |rst and oremost rea||ze that |t cannot do everyth|ng
on |ts own. There |s an urgent need to boost deve|opers |nterest. Further s|mp||-
|cat|on o |and |aws and ree|ng up o add|t|ona| |nventory or deve|opers |s
someth|ng that needs to be done on a war oot|ng. Long pend|ng |eg|s|at|ons
such as the Pea| Estate Pegu|ator B||| shou|d be passed w|thout any urther
de|ay. Lead|ng ||ghts |n the rea|ty sector have been demand|ng |ndustry status
or the sector or a very |ong t|me now. Even| the government does not grant the
status, |t cou|d g|ve |nrastructure status to at |east aordab|e hous|ng pro|ects
|n the metros and ma|or c|t|es. Th|s w||| enab|e more unds to |ow|nto the area,
apart rom he|p|ng the deve|opers get aster c|earances.
Aordab|e need not necessar||y mean |ner|or. W|th |atest techno|ogy such as
precast, |t |s poss|b|e to be aordab|e and not comprom|se on qua||ty. The gov-
ernment needs to und research |n|t|at|ves on th|s ront urgent|y. F|na||y, |enders
shou|d come out w|th spec|a||y ta||ored |oan p|ans or the EWS and LlG seg-
ments. l any government, state or centra|, wants to do |ong |ast|ng good or the
common man, |t shou|d start w|th prov|d|ng h|m w|th she|ter, one o the three
bas|c needs o the aam aadm| Pot|, Kapda &Makaan. Now|s the t|me to act!
|0|I08'8 00|NI
K.P. Pradeep, Ed|tor-|n-Ch|e
ed|tor_masterbu||der.co.|n
Aordab|e Hous|ng
St||| an E|us|ve Dream!
Contents
||te|'s emmest.............................
kre|t|se|s |sex..............................
|ass|t|eat|es |sex..........................
ews |rests..................................
|.eaje..........................................
ttl
60
10 The Masterbu||der - January 2014 www.masterbu||der.co.|n
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Mass housing
FrojorI ManagomonI
69
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VasIhu 6onsuIIanI
6E: ForIabIo IighI ToWors
InIornaIionaI FrojorI
6omonIiIious IIooring
InIornaIionaI: Moga FrojorIs
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74
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Contents
kdvorIisors Indox
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Contents
kdvorIisors Indox l 6IassiIiraIion
kdmixIuros
krrhiIorIuraI sIooI mosh
kuIomaIir oors
8uiIdor
6omonI
6I6 lkk6 ManuIarIurors
6onrroIo 6uring
6onrroIo ogroasor
6onrroIo Iibor
6onrroIo TosIing 8orviros
6onsIrurIion 6homiraIs
6onsIrurIion EquipmonI and Marhinory
6orporaIo IIiro hood 8uppIiors
6onIoronros & ExhibiIions
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Iiro & saIoIy EquipmonIs
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FrojorI ManagomonI 6onsuIIanIs

oad 8Wooping & MainIonanro EquipmonI
ituthi uims to muke Indiu its huse lor t hiz
News & Events
oIvo t uppoints FuI
Inlrustrutture us its new
deuIer in orth Indiu
05 to see 0ierIund tonstruttion
equipment theme purk soon
t05k0tI0 00IFN
Japans eng|neer|ng and e|ectron|cs
ma|or H|tach| |s p|ann|ng to expand |ts
construct|on equ|pments and power
e|ectron|cs products bus|ness |n Ar|ca,
M|dd|e East and South East As|a by
mak|ng lnd|a a base or these
segments. The group p|ans to |nvest
4,700 crore by the |nanc|a| year
2015-16, wh|chwou|d bo|ster the bus|-
nesses supported by product|on or
consumpt|on |n lnd|a by |ncreas|ng
|oca||sat|oncomponent.
H|tach| |s expand|ng |ts Ahmedabad
based H|tach| H|-Pe| Power E|ectron|c
Ltd, wh|ch produces |ndustr|a| power
e|ectron|cs. The company |s a|so
start|ng a newactory at Neemrana |n
Pa|asthan where |t |s a|so sett|ng up
|ts |rst so|ar power generat|on un|t |n
lnd|a. H|tach| has so ar |nvested
approx|mate|y 2,300 crore |nlnd|a.
vo|vo Construct|on Equ|pment (CE),
one o the wor|ds |argest manuac-
turers o construct|on mach|nes and a
who||y owned subs|d|ary o AB vo|vo
has appo|nted Pa| lnrastructure as |ts
new dea|ersh|p |n North lnd|a. Pa| lnra
so|ut|ons w||| be operat|ng through |ts
o|ces and warehouses |n Z|rakpur,
JammuandMand| tosupport customers
|n Pun|ab, J&K and H|macha| Pradesh.
The new dea|ersh|p w||| oer the ent|re
range o vo|vo CE excavators, whee|
|oaders, motor graders and road
mach|nery and |n add|t|on, w||| prov|de
atermarket support tocustomers |n these
reg|ons.
"vo|vo Construct|on Equ|pment |s
known or |ts h|gh qua||ty mach|nes
comp|ete w|th the |atest techno|ogy that
make them more product|ve and ue|-
Then|tedK|ngdomspopu|ar D|gger|and
Adventure Park centered around a
construct|on equ|pment theme w||| sonn
see a .S. vers|on. D|gger|and Adven-
ture Park |s set to open the new 14-acre
park by th|s summer at New Jersey.
D|gger|and Adventure Park, started by
the construct|on renta| |rmH.E. Serv|ces
|n 2000 and now owned by A||saety
Ltd., has our |ocat|ons |n the K. There,
the parks use pr|mar||y JCB backhoes,
excavators, and sk|d steers |n a var|ety
o ways. Mach|nes area|sousedasr|des,
such as the Sp|nd|zzy, |n wh|ch an exca-
vator takes a bucket u|| o peop|e on a
360 degree sp|n.
Da|m|er lnd|a Commerc|a| veh|c|es Pvt.
Ltd. (DlCv), the 100% who||y-owned
subs|d|ary o the wor|ds |ead|ng truck
manuacturer Da|m|er AG, has been
awarded the Cv Maker o the Year
award by Apo||o-Cv awards. lt a|so won
or |ts BharatBenz trucks 3128 & 1217
the HCv Cargo Carr|er (above 25
tonnes GvW) & Cv lnnovat|on o the
Year awards respect|ve|y. The awards
bes|des add|ng ||||p to the brands
perormance |n lnd|a a|so acknow|-
edges the |ong sought pos|t|ve transor-
mat|on the brand BharatBenz has
brought to lnd|an Truckers. The Apo||o-
Cv awards |s a prest|g|ous awards event
or the commerc|a| veh|c|e |ndustry. The
awards honour a gamut o perormers
w|th|n the Commerc|a| veh|c|e |ndustry,
spann|ng, Trucks, Buses, Dea|ers, F|eet
Operators and h|gh-perorm|ng |nd|v|d-
ua|s.
e|c|ent. At Pa| lnrastructure So|ut|ons,
we have a strong team o sa|es and
serv|ce execut|ves to support the end
users |n every poss|b|e way w|th the|r
mach|nes. We have a|so opened out|ets
at strateg|c |ocat|ons to cover the ent|re
reg|on. Present|y, Pa| lnrastructure So|u-
t|ons has three u||y operat|ona| o|ces
and two serv|ce po|nts at Sh|m|a and
Sr|nagar," sa|d N|shant Luthra, Promoter,
Pa| lnrastructure So|ut|ons.
"North lnd|a |s emerg|ng as an |mpor-
tant dest|nat|on or bu||d|ng stones,
wh|ch |s the ma|n mater|a| used or any
| nrastructure pro| ect. A| so, the
announcement o var|ous Government
|nrastructure pro|ects w||| urther |ncrease
the requ|rement o construct|on equ|p-
ments |n these reg|ons. We have been
watch|ng th|s market grow and |n order
to |mprove our presence and coverage,
we have appo|nted Pa| lnrastructure
So|ut|ons as our new dea|er |n North
lnd|a. W|th the new dea|ersh|p, we are
con|dent o oer|ng enhanced sa|es
and support to our customers thereby
|ncreas|ng customer sat|sact|on," sa|d
A.M.Mura||dharan, Pres|dent vo|vo
Construct|onEqu|pment.
"The response to our brand and prod-
ucts has been tremendous and the
open|ng o the new dea|ersh|p w|||
strengthen our ootho|d |n these reg|ons,"
he urther added.
0uimIer Indiu tommertiuI
ehitIes is the 't Nuker
ol the 7eur'
Ifkk5k0t0k
News & Events
ttk provides u IileIine to
25 meu power projetts
tonstruttion ol 220k
runsmission 5ystem lrom
kIusten (5rinuur) to
Leh tIeured
ln a move to |mprove power ava||ab|||ty,
ensure cash |ows to pro|ects, br|ngre||e
to banks and |nanc|a| |nst|tut|ons that
have extended |oans, the Cab|net
Comm|ttee on Econom|c Aa|rs (CCEA)
have s|gned o concess|ons |n the
governments po||cy or 25 mega power
p|antsw|thacomb|nedcapac|ty o 33,000
MW. The c|earance o||ows the govern-
ments move to |ntegrate the power-
de|c|ent Southern gr|d w|th the nat|ona|
gr|d, creat|ng or the |rst t|me a s|ng|e
gr|d or the nat|on. The amendments
approved by CCEA extend |sca| bene-
|ts todeve|opers o therma| power p|ants
w|th at |east 1, 000MW capac|ty, wh|ch
are ca||ed mega pro|ects. The amend-
ment a|so |nc|udes a tax ho||day or 10
years and a wa|ver rom customs duty
on equ|pment |mports. However, deve|-
operso sma||er pro|ectspaya5%|mport
duty onequ|pment.
The Cab|net Comm|ttee on Econom|c
Aa|rs (CCEA) has approved the
proposa| or construct|on o a 220kv
Transm|ss|on System rom A|usteng
(Sr|nagar) to Leh. The ||ne w||| go v|a
Drass, Karg|| & Kha|st| 220/66kv PGClL
substat|ons and 66kv Power Gr|d
Corporat|on o lnd|a L|m|ted (PGClL)
|nterconnect|on system or Drass,
Karg||, Kha|st| and Leh substat|ons |n
Jammu & Kashm|r (J&K). The pro|ect |s
est|mated to cost Ps. 1788.41 Cr. The
transm|ss|on pro|ect sha|| prov|de gr|d
connect|v|ty and re||ab|e power supp|y
6ovt to Iuunth first utionuI wind nery Nission hy mid-2014
The government w||| |aunch |ts |rst
w|nd energy m|ss|on th|s year to g|ve
a boost to the renewab|e source and
putt|ng |t |n the same |eague as the
h|gh-pro||e so|ar m|ss|on. The Nat|ona|
W|nd Energy M|ss|on (NWEM), wh|ch
wou|d be |aunched around the
m|dd|e o the year, wou|d g|ve |ncen-
t|ves to |nvest, east |and c|earances
and regu|ate tar|s. However un||ke
the |agsh|p Nat|ona| So|ar M|ss|on |t
wou|d not |nvo|ve pro|ects or b|dd|ng
rather |t wou|d act as a "ac|||tator".
nder theproposedact|onp|an, MNPE
wou|d strengthen gr|d |nrastructure
or w|nd power, |dent|y h|gh w|nd
power potent|a| zones, ease |and
c|earances or the pro|ects, regu|ate
w|nd power tar| and |ncent|v|se
|nvestment |nthe w|nd sector.
F0wk F0wk
eterun enineer-stientist 0r.N. kumuiuh Fusses kwuy
A we||-known name |n the eng|neer|ng c|rc|es, the
Founder-Pres|dent o lnd|an Concrete lnst|tute (lCl), Dr.M.
Pama|ah, passed away |n Chenna| on 8th January, 2014.
He was 82 and |s surv|ved by h|s w|e and three ch||dren. lt
was dur|ng h|s st|nt as the D|rector o SEPC that
Dr.Pama|ah had the ores|ght to set uplCl, as a soc|ety. H|s
pass|on towards eng|neer|ng and the eng|neer|ng com-
mun|ty was the dr|v|ng actor beh|nd h|s v|s|on or lCl. ln
act, he even prov|ded the o|ce space and serv|ces o h|s
sen|or co||eague, Er.Zachar|a George, to be the |rst Secre-
tary-Genera| o lCl. The soc|ety grew rom strength to
strength under the v|s|onary gu|dance o Dr.Pama|ah. The veteran eng|neer and sc|ent|st
a|so |nst|tuted an Annua| Endowment Lecture at lCl, out o h|s persona| unds. Cons|d-
ered an author|ty |n the c|v|| eng|neer|ng wor|d, Dr.Pama|ah |ed a number o research pro-
|ects. He has a|so pub||shed severa| research papers, wh|ch are much sought ater by the
c|v|| eng|neer|ng ratern|ty.
As the D|rector o SEPC, he was |nstrumenta| |n sett|ng upo the Tower Test|ng Stat|on and
Structura| Dynam|cs Labs, both under the NDP unded programme. He a|so had a |ong
st|nt as Head o Pro|ects, w|th the n|ted Nat|ons Centre or Human Sett|ement (NCHS)
at Na|rob|.
A br||||ant student rom a young age, Dr.Pama|ah comp|eted h|s B.E rom Annama|a| n|-
vers|ty |n Tam|| Nadu, beore head|ng on to do h|s M.Tech rom the lnd|an lnst|tute o Tech-
no|ogy, Kharagpur and h|s PhD, rom the n|vers|ty o M|ssour| (SA). Dr.Pama|ah he|d
e||owsh|p o severa| proess|ona| bod|es. Apart rom h|s pub||cat|ons |n the |e|d o c|v||
eng|neer|ng, Dr.Pama|aha|soauthoredsevera| booksonsoc|a| andre||g|oussub|ectstoo.
Dr.Pama|ah w||| a|so be remembered or h|s ph||anthrop|c act|v|t|es. He had donated ||b-
era||y towards the bu||d|ng und o the lCl head quarters, apart rom he|p|ng severa| |nd|-
v|dua|s and |nst|tut|ons generous|y, throughout h|s ||e.
News & Events
Ifkk5k0t0k
to the strateg|ca||y |mportant Ladakh
reg|on. The pro|ect w||| be |mp|emented
through Power Gr|d Corporat|on o lnd|a
L|m|ted (PGClL), w|th|n 42 months rom
the date o re|ease o the |rst |nsta|ment
o unds. The pro|ect cost w||| be borne
by the Government o lnd|a and the
Government o J&K|n the rat|o o 95:5 to
ensure |nterest o the Government o
J&K|nthe pro|ect.
the so-ca||ed carr|age-and-content
operat|ons o ex|st|ng power d|str|but|on
compan|es, the move has the potent|a|
to br|ng about a structura| transorma-
t|ono the power sector.
ln a move to comp|ete|y |ntegrate ent|re
lnd|as network or de||ver|ng power to
consumers, South lnd|a has |o|ned the
nat|ona| e|ectr|c|ty gr|d. W|th th|s |nter-
connect|on, the lnd|an power system
has entered |nto a newera and become
one o the |argest operat|ng synchro-
nous gr|ds |n the wor|d w|th about 232
GW (g|gawatts) o |nsta||ed power
generat|on capac|ty. The move w||| not
on|y prov|de re||e to the power-short
southern reg|on, |t w||| a|so |mprove
transm|ss|on and ac|||tate better
management o demand, ensur|ng the
stab|||ty o the e|ectr|c|ty gr|d. Eas|er
ava||ab|||ty o power cou|d a|so |ead to
|ower tar|s |n Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Kera|a, Tam|| Nadu and Puducherry.
Together w|th a proposa| to separate
Dr. Farooq Abdu||ah, M|n|ster or New
and Penewab|e Energy lnd|a on h|s day-
|ong v|s|t to the Nepa| cap|ta|, ca||ed on
the Pres|dent o Nepa|, Dr. Pam Baran
Yadav, and sa|d that lnd|a |s w||| oer t a||
poss|b|e ass|stance to Nepa| |n deve|-
op|ng |ts renewab|e energy resources.
Dur|ng the meet|ng, Dr Abdu||ah a|so
conveyed the congratu|at|ons o the
government o lnd|a on the successu|
conduct o the second const|tuent
assemb|y e|ect|ons |n Nepa|. Dr. Abdu||ah
suggested that Nepa| had great poten-
t|a| or enhanc|ng |ts use o renewab|e
energy resources, part|cu|ar|y, hydro,
so|ar andb|omass andoeredtoprov|de
a|| poss|b|e ass|stance or the purpose.
Dr Abdu||ah made a strong p|tch or
cooperat|on between the two countr|es
todeve|opNepa|shydropowerresources.
Nat|ona| Therma| Power Company
(NTPC) has ||ned-up new pro|ects o
19,000 MW capac|ty, o wh|ch near|y
9,000 MW capac|ty are ||ke|y to be
comm|ss|oned by 2017 and some |n the
13th p|an per|od (201722). Ten coa|-
based therma| power pro|ects tota||ng
13,290 MWare under construct|on. These
|nc|ude 2,400 MW Kudg| (Karnataka),
1,980 MW Barh-l (B|har), 1,600 MW
Lara-l (Chhatt|sgarh), 1,600 MW
Gadarwara-l (Madhya Pradesh) and
1,320 MW Mouda-ll (Maharashtra)
therma| power pro|ects. NTPC|sexecut|ng
over 5,000 MW capac|ty p|ants |n |o|nt
venture w|th d|erent |rms |n B|har, ttar
Pradesh and Tam|| Nadu. NTPC |s a|so
deve|op|ng many so|ar power pro|ects,
|nc|ud|ng a 50 MW Pa|garh So|ar photo
vo|ta|c |nMadhya Pradesh.
Ft to udd 9,000 Nw
tuputity hy 2017
Indiu ollers uII ussistunte in
kenewuhIe nery to epuI
ew ru in power settor us
south joins nutionuI rid
Wor|d Bank reports that lnd|a
requ|res |nvestment o over S$13
b||||on |n the next three years to
meet the target o add|ng 9,000
MW oso|ar power |n the second
phase o the Jawahar|a| Nehru
Nat|ona| So|ar M|ss|on(JNNSM).
O th|s, near|y 70 per cent, |.e.
S$9 b| | | | on, shou| d come
through debt |nanc|ng. ln a report
t|t|ed `Pav|ng the Way or a
Transormat|ona| Future: Lessons
rom JNNSM Phase l, the Wor|d
Bank sa|d the |nvestment needs to
come |arge|y rom schedu|ed
commerc|a| banks.
Indiu needs $13 hiIIion
investment to meet soIur
power turet: worId 8unk
News & Events
Ifkk5k0t0k
lnd|an A|rports are |ncreas|ng|y |ook|ng
to so|ar power pro|ects. Ater De|h| lnter-
nat|ona| A|rport Ltd (DlAL) announc|ng
|ast week that |t had set up a 2.14 MW
so|ar power p|ant, Coch|n lnternat|ona|
A|rport Ltd (ClAL) has sa|d |t too has set
upa1MWp|ant. Thoughthep|ant at ClAL
|s up and runn|ng, |t |s yet to be orma||y
|naugurated. A|rports o Banga|ore and
Hyderabad are a|so keen on tapp|ng
so|ar energy, w|th Hyderabad c|oser to
a dec|s|onor a 5 MW system.
The pub||c works department o
Pa|asthan w||| start ||nk|ng o 1,056 |den-
t||ed v|||ages through roads w|th 1,200
crore ass|stance rom Wor|d Bank. ln
th|s regard an Mowas s|gned recent|y
between the state government and the
Wor|d Bank. PWD m|n|ster Yunus Khan
sa|d not|ce |nv|t|ng tenders wou|d be
|ssued soon and work wou|d beg|n |n
the next 60 days. Khan a|so sa|d that
apart rom the |dent||ed 1,056 v|||ages,
250 more v|||ages, wh|ch was ear||er
|dent||ed or prov|d|ng connect|v|ty to
the nearest road and where the work
cou|d not be started, wou|d a|so come
under the 60-day crash programme.
Yunus Khan |normed that PWD wou|d
ensure that a|| the roads wou|d have a
hydro system so that ra|nwater do not
accumu|ate onroad.
M|n|stry o New and Penewab|e Energy
|s promot|ng sett|ng up o b|omass
power pro|ects under |ts scheme on
Gr|d connected B|omass Power /
Bagasse Cogenerat|on |n sugar m|||s.
M|n|stry |s prov|d|ng var|ous |sca| and
|nanc|a| |ncent|ves such as centra|
|nanc|a| ass|stance(CFA) wh|chdepends
on the capac|ty o power p|ant and |ts
|ocat|on and |sca| |ncent|ves, |nc|ud|ng
concess|ona| customs duty on |mport o
mach|nery andcomponents, exc|se duty
exempt|on, acce|erated deprec|at|on on
Mumba| Sahar e|evated road corr|dor |s
a|| set to prov|de aster connect|v|ty
between the Western Express H|ghway
and the a|rports new Term|na| 2. The
road |s ready except or |na| touches
are be|ng g|ven to the tunne| bu||t by
Mumba| lnternat|ona| A|rport L|m|ted
(MlAL). Pr|me M|n|ster Manmohan S|ngh
w||| |naugurate |t on January 10. Once
the road |s open, motor|sts w||| be ab|e
to traverse the d|stance |n |ve m|nutes
Assam |s a|| set to see an |nvestment to
the tune o 40,000 crore |n the next 20
ma|or components and re||e rom taxes
are be|ng prov|ded or sett|ng up o
b|omass based power pro|ects. A tota|
amount o about 56.20 crore was
re|eased to var|ous states or gr|d
connected b|omass power/ bagasse
cogenerat|onpro|ects dur|ng 2012-13.
years or enhanc|ng |ts road connect|v-
|ty, |nc|ud|ng construct|on o nat|ona|
and state h|ghways and upgradat|on o
ex|st|ng ones. As per state PWD
Comm|ss|oner (Assam) A C Bordo|o|,
there w||| not be any d||cu|ty |n gett|ng
th|s huge amount |nvested |n the state
w|th many o the p|anned pro|ects
a|ready rece|v|ng the Centra| govern-
ments approva|. There w||| be a b|g
ocus g|ven on expans|on o the the
ex|st|ng roads apart rom new roads
wh|ch w||| |nc|ude convert|ng the two-
|ane h|ghways |nto our-|anes, wh||e the
s|ng|e-|ane state roads w||| be made
two-|anes.
Indiun uirports optin
lor soIur enery
Nk promotes hiomuss
hused power projetts
Numhui 5uhur eIevuted roud
reudy lor inuuurution
kssum set to see un investment
ol 40,000 tr in its roud settor
kujusthun ets 1200 tr
ussistunte lrom w8 lor
roud projett
k0k05 k0k05
News & Events
ttk tIeurs six Iunin ol
udodru-5urut settion ol -8
tentruI nod lor tonstruttion
ol rouds in 0dishu
kujusthun roud modernisution
projett : Indiu inks 05$ 160
miIIion tredit putt with w8
ttk upproves 1408 tr lour
Iunin projett in 8ihur
ttk IikeIy to tIeur roud
projetts worth 6,000 tr
|nsteado the 30 m|nutes |t current|y takes
because o tra|c congest|on on Sahar
Poad. The e|evated road or|g|nates near
Hanuman Nagar |unct|on on WEH and
ends at T2.
Aa|rs (CCEA) has g|ven |ts approva| or
s|x |an|ng o the vadodra-Surat sect|on
o NH-8 |nc|ud|ng construct|on o a new
our |ane extra dosed br|dge across the
Narmada P|ver and two e|ght |ane
|yovers |n Gu|arat under the NHDP
Phase v. The cost |s est|mated to be
503.16 crore |nc|ud|ng 17 crore as the
cost o |andacqu|s|t|on, resett|ement and
rehab|||tat|on and other pre-construct|on
act|v|t|es. The ma|n ob|ect|ve o the
pro|ect |s to exped|te the |mprovement
o |nrastructure |n the state o Gu|arat
and a|so |n reduc|ng the t|me and cost
o trave| or tra|c, part|cu|ar|y heavy tra-
|c, p|y|ng between th|s stretch o the
vadodra-Surat sect|on.
to exp|ore the poss|b|||ty o us|ng |ndus-
tr|a| wastes and app||cat|on o newtech-
no|ogy ||ke so|| stab|||zat|on |n road con-
struct|on to reduce cost and save the
env|ronment. Pr|or to th|s the M|n|stry
had a|so sanct|oned 2453 crore dur|ng
the current |sca| or construct|on o
3924 km o rura| roads and dur|ng 2012-
13 2445 crore or construct|on o 5189
km o rura| roads.
The Centre has approved the Od|sha
governments proposa| or construct|ng
788 roads cover|ng 2,740 km and 17
br|dges |n the lntegrated Act|on P|an |n
cyc|one-aected d|str|cts under the
Pradhan Mantr| Gram Sadak Yo|ana. ln
a |etter wr|tten to Od|sha CMn|on Pura|
Deve|opment M|n|ster Ja|ram Pamesh
has requested the Od|sha government
An agreement or cred|t o S$ 160
m||||on romWor|d Bank or a road sector
modern|sat|on pro|ect |n Pa|asthan was
s|gned by N||aya M|tash, Jo|nt Secre-
tary, Department o Econom|c Aa|rs,
and Mano| Ja|n, Act|ng D|rector o the
Wor|d Banks New De|h| o|ce.S|m||ar|y
the pro|ect agreement was s|gned by
J.C.Mohanty, Pr|nc|pa| Secretary, Pub||c
Works Department, Pa|asthan. The
ob|ect|ve o the pro|ect |s to|mprove rura|
connect|v|ty, enhance road saety and
strengthen road sector management
capac|tyo thestateo Pa|asthan.Thenew
pro|ect has three ma|n components: (|)
Pura| Connect|v|ty lmprovement, (||)
Poad Sector Modern|sat|on and Peror-
Aa|rs (CCEA) has approved the pro|ect
or the deve|opment o our |an|ng o 93
km |ong Gaya-H|sua-Pa|g|r-Na|anda-
B|harshar| sect|on on Nat|ona| H|gh-
way-82 |n B|har. The tota| pro|ect cost |s
est|mated at 1408.85 crore, |nc|ud|ng
1216.16 crore as c|v|| construct|on and
superv|s|on works and 192.69 crore as
the cost o |and acqu|s|t|on, rehab|||ta-
t|on and pre construct|on act|v|t|es. The
pro|ect w||| be comp|eted w|th|n three
years o s|gn|ng o the contract agree-
ment. Japan lnternat|ona| Cooperat|on
Agency (JlCA) has agreedtoprov|de |oan
ass|stance w|th 100 percent |nanc|ng
mance Enhancement, (|||) Poad Saety
Management.
Aa|rs (CCEA) |s expectedto c|ear about
12 road pro|ects, enta|||ng |nvestments
o over 6,000 crore, over the next ew
weeks. The M|n|stry o Poad Transport
and H|ghways hopes to get 12 h|ghway
pro|ects, each w|th an |nvestment o
over 500 crore, approved rom the
Cab|net Comm|tteeonEconom|cAa|rs.
Around 2-3 pro|ect proposa|s may be
c|eared |n every meet|ng o CCEA |n the
next one month. Pro|ects w|th |ess than
500 crore |nvestment w||| not go to the
Cab|net but w||| be approved by the
m|n|stry |tse|. Some o the pro|ects,
|nc|ud|ng 12 such proposa|s wh|ch w|||
go to the Cab|net, are sp||| over o the
prev|ous |sca|s pro|ects and some
pro|ects converted rom annu|ty to eng|-
neer|ng, procurement and construct|on
(EPC) mode.
Ifkk5k0t0k
News & Events
The M|n|stry o Poad Transport and
H|ghways |s try|ng to t|e up Japanese
unds or pro|ects |n the North-East that
had d||cu|ty |n attract|ng pr|vate-sector
|nvestment |n the past. The m|n|stry w|||
seek ass|stance rom the Japanese
lnternat|ona| Cooperat|on Agency (JlCA),
Japans o|c|a| |nanc|a| ass|stance
arm, or the pro|ects. The pro|ects |nc|ude
h|ghway stretches |n states such as
M|zoram, Naga|and, Assam and
Megha|aya |n some cases they ||e c|ose
to the Myanmar and Bang|adesh border
as we|| as br|dge pro|ects over the
Brahmaputra |n Assam. At present, the
JlCA |s conduct|ng a study |n consu|ta-
t|on w|th the h|ghways m|n|stry to |den-
t|y spec||c cooperat|on areas on deve|-
op|ng connect|v|ty, |nc|ud|ng h|ghways
|nthe North-East.
or c|v|| construct|on and superv|s|on
works or the |mp|ementat|on o our
|an|ng o NH-82.
Mumba| based lPB lnrastructure
Deve|opers Ltd sa|d that |t had emerged
as apreerredb|dder or the1, 500-crore
our |an|ng o So|apur to Yedesh| sect|on
o NH-211road pro|ect |n Maharashtra.
The pro|ect, to be executed on des|gn,
bu||d, |nance, operate and transer
(DBFOT) pattern, a||s under phase our
o the nat|ona| h|ghways deve|opment
programme. The construct|on per|od o
the pro|ect |s |xed at 910 days, and the
company has sought 189 crores as
v|ab|||ty gap und|ng (vGF) romNat|ona|
H|ghways Author|ty o lnd|a. The con-
cess|onper|odor thepro|ect |s29years.
The A|rports Author|ty o lnd|a (AAl) has
g|ven |ts |n-pr|nc|p|e nod to the pro|ect
s|teo Green|e|dCargoa|rport |nPohtak.
The pro|ect |s p|anned to be constructed
at Bha|n| Bha|ron |n Pohtak d|str|ct o
Haryana. AAl have a|so conducted a
pre||m|nary s|te v|s|t and pre-eas|b|||ty
study or the pro|ect. The Deence
M|n|stry has a|so |ssued a "No Ob|ec-
t|on Cert||cate (NOC)" to the M|n|stry o
Av|at|on or th|s pro|ect. The pro|ect
once |mp|emented w||| boost the cargo
ac|||ty and commerc|a| act|v|ty |n the
reg|on.
The Kera|a state cab|net approved a
|nanc|a| act|on p|an o 133 crore to
br|dge the v|ab|||ty gap as there w||| be
de|ay |n gett|ng |oans rom banks or the
Kannur a|rport. Th|s wou|d be re|eased
as grant by |nc|ud|ng |t |n the budgetary
a||ocat|on o th|s year. ln the pro|ect
|normat|on memorandum and the
pro|ect report o the Kannur a|rport an
amount o 133 crore was kept as the
|nanc|a| act|on p|an or the next |ve
years. Construct|on ma|or Larsen &
Toubro has been awarded the EPC
contract o the a|rport and the construc-
t|on works are at the beg|nn|ng stage.
The a|rport expected to start unct|on|ng
by 2015.
The C|v|| Av|at|on M|n|stry paved
the way or Maharashtras town
p|ann|ng agency - C|ty and lndus-
tr|a| Deve|opment Corporat|on
(ClDCO) to go ahead w|th the
process or |nv|t|ng b|ds rom
pr|vate deve|opers to bu||d the
Nav| Mumba| a|rport. The M|n|stry
has approved the drat request or
qua|||cat|on document or the
Nav| Mumba| a|rport sent by
ClDCO. The corporat|on can now
go ahead and comp|ete the |na|
orma||t|es beore |ssu|ng the PFQ
and host|ng pre-qua|||cat|on
meet|ngs w|th|nterested b|dders.
kkI ives in printipIe upprovuI
to kohtuk's 6reenlieId
turo Frojett
koud Ninistry to expIore
upunese tie-up lor lundin
projetts in
keruIu stute tuhinet upproves
133 tr lor kunnur uirport
0ihi Fort Inks No0 with
5punish Fort ol ferroI
Ik8 Inlru prelerred hidder
lor 1, 500-tr roud projett
Ifkk5k0t0k
kIkF0k kIkF0k
News & Events
nnore Fort tuputity to he
enhunted in 12th FIun:
6.k.usun
tuhinet upproves poIity
uideIines lor Iund munuement
hy mujor ports
ew NunuIore Fort to et
udditionuI herth soon
FN inuuurutes 4200 tr
kothi L6 terminuI
comm|ss|oned |n August |ast year. The
term|na|, deve|oped by Petronet LNG,
has a capac|ty to store and d|str|bute 5-
m||||on tonnes per annum, but |s oper-
at|ng at 8-10 per cent capac|ty. However
there are not enoughtakers or LNGrom
here as the construct|on o |nter-state
p|pe||nev|z, Koch| Banga|oreandKoch|-
Manga|ore |s |n do|drums. At present,
the Koch| term|na| supp||es gas on|y to
|oca| compan|es ||ke Fert|||sers and
Chem|ca|s Travancore (FACT) and the
supp|y |s ||m|ted to 35,000 tonnes. So
ar, two vesse|s carry|ngLNGhadberthed
at the term|na| and had un|oaded them.
The n|on Cab|net today approved the
Po||cy Gu|de||nes or Land Management
by Ma|or Ports, 2014. The ma|n ob|ect|ve
o the po||cy |s to ensure that |and
resources are put to the|r opt|mum use
n|on M|n|ster or petro|eumand natura|
gas M veerappa Mo||y wh||e comm|s-
s|on|ng the Berth number 13, the new
Petro|eumO|| and Lubr|cant (POL) berth
at the New Manga|ore Port has |a|d the
oundat|on stone or the proposed Berth
number 18. The proposed berth at the
Port wou|d|ncrease the ex|st|nghand||ng
capac|ty. The new|y comm|ss|onedberth
number 13 has the capac|ty o hand||ng
cargo to the tune o 7.8 m||||on tons per
annum. The depth o the berth |s 15.1 m
w|thauturedeptho 17m. Theberthhas
been constructed at a cost o 79.17
crore.
Pr|me M|n|ster Manmohan S|ngh orma||y
|naugurated the 4200 Cr Koch| LNG
term|na| ac|||ty at Puthuvype, that was
as per the approved |and-use p|an.
These gu|de||nes a|m at opt|mum ut|||-
zat|on and opt|mum rea||zat|on o the
va|ue o |and reserves by ||nk|ng |t w|th
preva|||ng market rates ava||ab|e w|th
ma|or ports o the country. The po||cy
seeks to m|n|m|ze d|scret|onary powers
o port author|t|es |n the process o a||ot-
ment, by putt|ng |n p|ace a mechan|sm
o |eas|ng / ||cens|ng o port |and through
a transparent tender-cum-auct|onmeth-
odo|ogy. Th|s w||| a|so br|ng |n more
accountab|||ty and transparency |nto
the process o |and|eas|ngand||cens|ng
and m|n|m|ze the e|ement o d|scret|on
and arb|tra|ness at the port |eve|.
n|on Sh|pp|ng M|n|ster G.K. vasan sa|d
that the capac|ty o Tam||Nadus Ennore
Port w||| be more than doub|ed w|th the
prov|s|on o var|ous newac|||t|es dur|ng
the 12th P|an per|od (2012-2017).
Mr.vasan sa|d that dur|ng the 12th P|an
per|od, Ennore Port wou|d be tak|ng up
var|ous pro|ects ||ke |ve m||||on tonne
per annum (MTPA) ||que|ed natura| gas
(LNG) term|na|, a 16 MTPA conta|ner
term|na|, two MTPA mu|t|-cargo term|-
na|-2 and a n|ne MTPA add|t|ona| coa|
berth. The comp|et|on o these pro|ects
wou|d more than doub|e Ennore Ports
capac|ty rom the current 30 MTPA.
izhinjum port work to tommente hy yeur-end
Kera|a M|n|ster or Ports K. Babu
|normed that the government |s opt|-
m|st|c about gett|ng the v|zh|n|am
port work started by the end o th|s
year. The b|dd|ng process recent|y
|aunched to award the work on the
bas|c port |nrastructure and to |nd a
port operator, who wou|d set up the
port superstructure. The b|dd|ng
process |s expected to be comp|eted
at |east by August th|s year. The
government chose the pub||c-pr|vate-
partnersh|p (PPP) mode| to execute
the pro|ect.
Ifkk5k0t0k
F0k5 F0k5
News & Events
It uIIurpudum ets
reudy with setond tontuiner
lreiht stution
isukhuputnum port on
expunsion mode
The second conta|ner re|ght stat|on
(CFS) near the |nternat|ona| conta|ner
transsh|pment term|na| (lCTT) at va||ar-
padam |s near|ng comp|et|on. Mlv
Log|st|cs Pr|vate L|m|ted, a spec|a|
purpose veh|c|e (SPv) |oatedby the state
government-promoted ent|ty lnke|, CFS
|s sett|ng up the CFS and w||| have a
capac|ty to hand|e 75,000 conta|ners a
year. CFS |s be|ng set up on 18.3 acres
o |and|easedtoMlvLog|st|cs by Coch|n
Port Trust (CPT) or 30 years aga|nst a
one-t|me |ease prem|um and annua|
renta|s. Theest|matedcost o thestat|on,
|nc|ud|ng the |ease, |s 60 crore and |t
w||| be ready or comm|ss|on|ng |n the
second quarter o the next |sca|. Mlv
has entered |nto operat|on and ma|nte-
nance agreement w|th APM Term|na|s
(APMT) where|n APMT w||| be respon-
s|b|e or comp|ete operat|on execut|on
and ma|ntenance o the ac|||ty.
t|on o vesse|s o drat upto 14 metres at
an est|mated cost o 280.04 crore to
Dharth| Dredg|ng lnrastructure Ltd. The
port |s a|so mob|||s|ng 221.14 crore
rom |ts |nterna| resources or deve|-
op|ngWest Quay-Northberthor hand||ng
dry bu|k cargo |n |nner harbour. The
contract |s awarded to DBMGeotechn|cs
&Construct|on.
v|sakhapatnam Port, |s |n a mass|ve
expans|on mode by tak|ng up as many
as e|ght berths or capac|ty augmenta-
t|on and modern|sat|on through Pub||c
Pr|vate Partnersh|p (PPP) operators. The
port |s |nvest|ng 641 crore rom|nterna|
resources or dredg|ng and deve|op-
ment o West Quay-North berth. The
port has awarded the pro|ect to dredge
the outer harbour approach channe|,
outer turn|ng c|rc|e, ore berth area,
Genera| Cargo Berth approaches, and
construct|on o moor|ng do|ph|n at ore
berth at an est|mated cost o 139.88
crore to lnternat|ona| Seaport Dredg|ng
Ltd. The port has awarded the work or
deepen|ng o channe| and turn|ng c|rc|e
o |nner harbour (phase-lll) or nav|ga-
5hippin ministry pIuns to expund port tuputity hy 282 NFk
The M|n|stry o Sh|pp|ng |s p|ann|ng
to |ncrease the port capac|ty by the
end o the 12th F|ve Year P|an to
2,493.10 M||||on Tonnes Per Annum
(MTPA), w|th ma|or ports (owned by
Government under the M|n|stry o
Sh|pp|ng) account|ng or about 50%
o th|s capac|ty. ln 2013-14, 30 pro|ects
w||| be added |nvo|v|ng an add|t|ona|
capac|ty o 282 MTPA, w|th an |nvest-
ment o 24,959 Cr. As on 30
September, 2013, 13 o these pro|ects
have a|ready been awarded enta|||ng
an|nvestment o 3,831.30 Cr and an
add|t|ona| capac|ty o 80.85 MTPA.ln
a year end rev|ew report or 2013, the
M|n|stry sa|d that the capac|ty o
lnd|an Ports was 1,245.30 MTPA at
the end o 11thP|anper|od.
Ifkk5k0t0k
5wun nery ets
environment tIeurunte
lor L6 terminuI
ut Fipuvuv
Swan Energy has rece|ved env|ron-
ment c|earance and CPZ c|ear-
ances rom the n|on M|n|stry o
Env|ronment and Forests (MoEF)
or |ts F|oat|ng Storage and
regass||cat|on n|t (FSP) based
LNG |mport term|na| pro|ect near
P|pavav, Gu|arat . The company |s
|n the process o deve|op|ng the
|rst FSP pro|ect or |mports o
LNG |n lnd|a. The FSP pro|ect |s
be|ng |mp|emented at ex|st|ng
P|pavav port |n Gu|arat. Gu|arat
Mar| t | me Board (GMB) has
se|ected the company as a deve|-
oper or Green|e|d LNG Port
Term|na| w|th FSP at Jarabad,
Gu|arat on bu||t-own-operate-
transer (BOOT) bas|s.
tenter teIIs stutes to expedite
tompIetion ol projetts
under n0kN
0nion 6overnment
upproves wuter suppIy
projetts lor thennui tity
6N0k reteives nine hids
lor Netro projett
k08 to extend $176 mn Ioun lor expunsion ol metro Iine in uipur
As|an Deve|opment Bank (ADB) sa|d
|t w||| |end $176 m||||on to extend the
|rst metro tra|n ||ne |n Ja|pur and
draw up p|ans to bu||d a second ||ne,
reduc|ng congest|on and po||ut|on |n
the ast-grow|ng lnd|an her|tage c|ty.
nder the Ja|pur Deve|opment
Author|tys pub||c transport p|an, the
|oca| government |s construct|ng 9.7
km e|evated L|ne 1 metro tra|n rom
Mansarovar, |n the western part o the
c|ty, to Chandpo|e, on the western
edge o the centra| bus|ness d|str|ct.
ADBs |oan w||| he|p |nance an add|-
t|ona| 2.3 km underground stretch
rom Chandpo|e to Bad| Chopar
wh|ch |s ||ke|y to prov|de access to
the centra| bus|ness d|str|ct by March
2018.The |oan w||| a|so he|p |nance
stud|es |nto a p|anned 23 km |ong,
north-southL|ne 2 metro ||ne.
0k8k Ifkk5k0t0k
News & Events
The state governments have been asked
by M|n|stry o rban Deve|opment to
exped|te the comp|et|on o pro|ects
sanct|oned under JnNPM. ln a report
re|eased by the m|n|stry, 217 pro|ects
have so ar reported|y been phys|ca||y
comp|eted out o 549 approved pro|ects
under rban lnrastructure &Governance
(lG) Sub-M|ss|on and 410 pro|ects
have been reported phys|ca||y comp|eted
out o 806 approved pro|ects under
rban lnrastructure Deve|opment
Scheme or Sma|| & Med|um Towns
(lDSSMT) o Jawahar|a| Nehru Nat|ona|
rban Penewa| M|ss|on (JnNPM) as
reported by States and rban Terr|tor|es
(Ts). The progress o the pro|ects |s
assessed through and lndependent
Pev|ew & Mon|tor|ng Agency(lPMA) ,
State Leve| Steer|ng Comm|ttee (SLSC)
and State |eve| Noda| Agency (SLNA).
The n|on Government has approved
10 new pro|ects or prov|d|ng compre-
hens|ve water supp|y to var|ous areas o
Chenna| c|ty. These pro|ects were
approved at the meet|ng o the Centra|
Sanct|on|ng and Mon|tor|ng Comm|ttee
(CSMC) o the n|on M|n|stry o rban
Deve|opment recent|y. These pro|ects
|nc|ude water supp|y scheme or
Pa|||karan|, Ch|nnasekkadu, Puzha|,
Surapattu, Puthagaram, Kath|rvedu,
vadaperumabakkam,Theeyambakka,
Edayanchavad|, Sadayankuppam,
Kadapakkam, Pa|avakkam, Muga||vakkam,
Mana||, Kot|vakkam, and Perungud|.
These pro|ects have been sanct|oned
at an approved cost o 27114.11 |akhs.
The Centra| Government w||| contr|bute
35% towards the tota| cost.
Guwahat| Metropo||tan Deve|opment
Author|ty (GMDA) has rece|ved b|ds
romn|ne consu|tancy |rms romacross
the country to carry our eas|b|||ty study
and prepare a deta||ed pro|ect report
or ra||-basedMass Pap|dTrans|t System
(MPTS) pro|ect |n Guwahat|. The tender
or the pro|ect was |nv|ted g|oba||y |n
November |ast year. GMDA |s exam|n|ng
the deta||s o the n|ne b|ds and w||| take
another 10daystoget the|na| va||dat|on.
The consu|tancy |rms wh|ch have sent
the|r b|ds are AECOM ASlA Company
Ltd, PlTES Ltd, Ayesa |ngen|er|a Arqu|-
tectura, SA o Gurgaon, Geodata
Eng|neer|ng o P|thampur, Jacobs
Eng|neer|ng lnd|a Pvt Ltd o Andher| East
Mumba|, Yoosh|n Eng|neer|ng lnd|a Pvt
Ltd o Jaso|a New De|h|, De|h| Metro
Pa|| Corporat|on (DMPC) o Metro
Bhawan, NewDe|h|, Eg|s Pa|| o Far|dabad
and SYSTPA o NewDe|h|.
tuhinet upproves kuruI wuter
5uppIy und 5unitution Frojett
lor Low Intome 5tutes with
worId 8unk kssistunte
Aa|rs has approved the |mp|ementa-
t|on o the Pura| Water Supp|y and San|-
tat|on Pro|ect or Low lncome States
(PWSSP-LlS) o Assam, B|har, Jharkhand
and ttar Pradesh w|th Wor|d Bank
ass|stance over a per|od o s|x years.
The pro|ect |s expectedtod|rect|y bene|t
a rura| popu|at|on o about 78 |akh
persons, |nc|ud|ng 44 |akh Schedu|ed
Castes and more than 8 |akh Schedu|ed
Tr|bes, w|th |mprovedp|pedwater supp|y
cover|ng approx|mate|y 17,400 hab|ta-
t|ons |n 2,150 Gram Panchayats (GPs).
The tota| Pro|ect cost o 6,000 crore
w||| be |nanced through Government o
lnd|a under Nat|ona| Pura| Dr|nk|ng Water
Programme (NPDWP) a||ocat|on (33%),
State Government (16%), bene|c|ary
contr|but|on (1 %) and externa| |nanc|ng
(Wor|d Bank-lDA unds 50 %).
Japan p|ans to oer S$4.79 b||||on
|oan to the n|ted States as part o a
push to export |ts h|gh-speed magnet|c
|ev|tat|on tra|n system, wh|ch cou|d
transport commuters between Wash-
|ngtonand Ba|t|more |non|y 15 m|nutes.
s|ng Centra| Japan Pa||way Co. (JP
Toka|)s Mag|ev techno|ogy, the .S.
government |s cons|der|ng construct|ng
a 60-k||ometer ra|| track to connect the
two ma|or East Coast c|t|es. The Japa-
nese s|de has to|d Wash|ngton that |t
|ntends to oer ha| the amount o
construct|on costs |n |oans through the
Japan Bank or lnternat|ona| Coopera-
t|on, so that |t can he|pthe n|ted States
|ntroduce the mag|ev.
Ba|our Beatty has secured a 209m
|o|nt venture (Jv) metro ra|| contract w|th
Graham Contract|ng or the Peg|ona|
Transportat|on D|str|ct (PTD) |n Denver,
S. The work |s or the |rst phase o
des|gn and construct|on on the North
Metro Pa|| L|ne pro|ect. The |atest
contract |s the th|rd |n a ser|es o e|ectr|-
|ed commuter ra|| ||nes that the Jv,
Peg|ona| Pa|| Partners, |s construct|ng
across the reg|on as part o PTDs Fas
Tracks programme.
F|rst two o these pro|ects are under
construct|on as part o the Eag|e P3
pro|ect, a pub||c-pr|vate commuter ra||
pro|ect, where Ba|our |s a|so respon-
s|b|e or the de||very o the pro|ect.
AE has announced p|ans to bu||d the
reg|ons |rst green road, the 5 km p||ot
pro|ect w||| be ||nk|ng ex|st|ng Abu
Dhab|-Duba| ma|n road. The construc-
t|on work |s expected to beg|n |n the |rst
quarter o 2015. The Department o
Transport (DoT) sa|d the pro|ect w||| be a
mode| or uture-to-be-bu||t roads |n
Abu Dhab| as |t w||| support the h|ghest
susta|nab|e pract|ces adopted wor|d-
w|de such as nove| techno|og|es and
so|ut|ons to |ower carbon em|ss|ons, as
we|| as env|ronment-r|end|y construc-
t| on mater| a| such as recyc| ed
aspha|t/concrete aggregates and
scraprubber tyres.
ln add|t|on, the pro|ect w||| a|so use
most e|c|ent env|ronment-r|end|y so|u-
t|ons such as renewab|e energy or
||ght|ng. The DoT |s co||aborat|ng w|th
reputab|e |nternat|ona| |nst|tutes and
consu|tants as we|| as strateg|c stake-
ho|ders, name|y the rban P|ann|ng
Counc|| Est|dama Programme Team,
the Env|ronment Agency |n Abu Dhab|
and Masdar.
kuIudun muItipurpose
trunsportution projett to he
tompIeted hy mid 2014
upun pIuns to oller
$4.79 hiIIion Ioun lor
0.5. NuIev projett
8uIlour 8eutty wins
209m 0enver Netro
kuiI Line tontrutt
311 : k new 'reen'
roud to 0uhui
8hutun hunkin on hydropower exports to Indiu
Wor|ds |rst cross-border c|ean
deve|opment mechan|sm (CDM)
pro|ect, theDagachuhydropower p|ant
o Bhutan|sonu|| sw|ngand expected
to go on streamby the m|dd|e o 2014.
The 126 megawatt p|ant |s the |rst
under the pub||c-pr|vate-partnersh|p
mode| and has a|ready connected
9,000 rura| househo|ds |n Bhutan.
Apart romthese, severa| |arge pro|ects
are underway and compan|es such
as Jaypee, Larsen & Toubro and
Gammon lnd|a are tak|ng part |n the
mass|ve construct|on.
The country |s bank|ng on hydro-
power exports rom these pro|ects to
lnd|atorev|vetheortuneso |tsa|ter|ng
economy. As per Nam Dor||, Bhutans
|nance secretary, The best part o the
hyde| power deve|opment |n Bhutan
|s that hydro power pro|ects are a||
unded by the Government o lnd|a
through a very generous comb|nat|on
o grants and |oans. lnd|a and Bhutan
s|gned a pact |n 2008 to deve|op
hydropower pro|ects |n the country
and about 10,000 megawatt power
wou|d be exported to lnd|a by 2020.
News & Events
IkkI0kL
The Ka|adan mu|t|purpose transporta-
t|on pro|ect, |o|nt|y |mp|emented by
Myanmar and lnd|a, |s ant|c|pated to be
comp|eted by m|d 2014. Myanmar and
lnd|a s|gned the $214 m||||on contract o
Ka|adan mu|t|purpose transportat|on
pro|ect |n 2008. Accord|ng to the con-
tractor Essar Company, the |rst o the
three-phasepro|ect hasbeencomp|eted
by 70 percent. The |rst phase |nc|udes
construct|on o S|ttway Deep Seaport
and Pa|etwa Jetty, dredg|ng the Ka|adan
waterwayandconstruct|ono s|xvesse|s.
The second phase covers construct|on
o a 109 km-|ong road to ||nk Pa|etwa
w|th border reg|on and the th|rd phase
compr|ses construct|on o a h|ghway
between lnd|as M|zoram state and
Myanmars Ch|nstate.
lnrastructure: A|rports
Bhovoni Bolokrishno
HUHBAI'sT2:
/C0CL/DM/R
umba| a|rports new|nternat|ona| term|na|, Term|na| 2
or T2, des|gned by Sk|dmore, Ow|ngs and Merr|||
MLLP, the arch|tects o Duba|s Bur|Kha||a and Ch|-
cagos W||||s Tower and bu||t by GvK-|ed consort|um, was |nau-
gurated th|s month. The term|na|, a 4-|eve| structure spread
over 439,203 square meters, w||| have 208 check-|n counters,
60 departure |mm|grat|on counters and more than 21,000
square meters o shopp|ng area. A 3.2 km |ong wa||, named
Jaya He or v|ctory to thee, spans three |oors and |s deco-
rated w|th a montage o trad|t|ona| lnd|an doors, scu|ptures
and other artwork. The term|na| |s expected to |ncrease the a|r-
ports passenger hand||ng capac|ty by about one-th|rd to 40
m||||on a year. A 3km e|evated road w||| connect the ac|||ty w|th
one o Mumba|s two ma|n h|ghways. Domest|c operat|ons w|||
a|so be |ntegrated w|th the term|na| next year. The ent|re pro-
|ect has beenest|mated to be approx|mate|y 5,500 crores.
The T2 has become an |con|c |and-
mark or the c|ty and the country w|th |t
be|ng one o the |argest term|na|s |n the
wor|d, beat|ng S|ngapores Chang| and
the Ks Heathrow|n s|ze, w|th |ts capa-
c|ty to hand|e 40 m||||on passengers
each year. The c|tys new term|na| w|||
beg|n|nternat|ona| operat|onsonFeb12.
Salient Features
The state-o-the-art T2 has our |ev-
e|s Leve| 1 w||| be used or ground trans-
portat|on, Leve| 2 or arr|va|s, Leve| 3 w|||
house domest|c secur|ty andreta|| space
wh||e Leve| 4 w||| be ded|cated to com-
mon |nternat|ona| and domest|c check-
|ns, |nternat|ona| secur|ty and reta||. The
gates are |nterchangeab|e, or `sw|ng
gates, so domest|c gates can be used
at n|ght or |nternat|ona| and v|ce-versa.
Aesthetics
The check-|n ac|||ty has a g|eam|ng
wh|te, 11-acre roo w|th dozens o sky-
||ghts that resemb|e the p|umage o a
peacock, lnd|as nat|ona| b|rd. The
700,000-square-oot reta|| and gateway
areas eature more than 1000 |otus-
|ower-shaped chande||ers. W|th 272
sky||ghts cover|ng over 30000 sq.m.,
the Head House Poo resemb|es a d|a-
mondstudded|ewe|. G|asscurta|nwa||s
and mu|t|-|eve| ||ght we||s prov|de amp|e
natura| ||ght wh||e the 77,000 p|ants o
80 spec|es reduce so|ar heat ga|n.
Stretch|ng a|ong a 3-km art wa||, T2
houses over 7,000 art|acts co||ected
rom over 1,500 art|sts across the coun-
try ca||ed the Jaya He program. The art
works make up the centerp|ece o the
term|na|, embedded |n a 3-k||ometer
(1.9-m||e) - |ong |nterna| wa|| that runs
a|ong the departure and arr|va| gates o
the our-story bu||d|ng. T2s Jaya He
museum has emp|oyed co||aborat|ve
works by severa| art|sts to dep|ct lnd|as
many acets. The |nsta||at|on, Thresh-
o|ds o lnd|a, |nthe departure area, uses
med|ums ||ke wood, g|ass, canvas, |bre
g|ass, ceram|cs, pap|er-mache, terra-
cotta, meta|, stone and c|oth and |s
v|ewab|e rom a|| our |eve|s o the ter-
m|na|. The arr|va|s corr|dor has com-
m|ss|oned works by noted contempo-
rary art|sts |nc|ud|ng Ghu|am Moham-
med She|kh, M|thuSen, Nek Chand,
P|yasKomu, N|||maShe|khandDesmond
Lazaro, done a|ong a wa|| that |s 18
metres h|gh and 1.2 km |ong. L|ke the
departure wa||, |t |s v|ewab|e rom a||
|eve|s. T|t|ed "Layered Narrat|ves, the
ser|es o |nsta||at|ons capture the art-
|sts |nterpretat|on o Mumba|, urban
lnd|asdreamsandthed|sappo|ntments
that otencome a|ong.
Engineering Behind the Vertical Air-
port
The |rst vert|ca| a|rport term|na| |n
the country, T2 has a un|que our-storey
X-shaped des|gn due to constra|nts re-
|ated to |and shortage. The pr|mary de-
s|gn eature o the bu||d|ng|s a |ong-span
roo cover|ng a tota| o 70000 square
meters mak|ng |t one o the |argest roos
|n the wor|d w|thout an expans|on |o|nt.
The term|na| bu||d|ng a|so |nc|udes the
|argest and |ongest cab|e wa|| system
|n the wor|d. The bu||d|ng comp||es w|th
the requ|rements o the lnd|an, Amer|-
can and|nternat|ona| codes as d|rected.
Concrete was se|ected as the pr|mary
bu||d|ng mater|a| or the base bu||d|ng
wh||e stee| was used or the structura|
ram|ng o the roo |n order to ach|eve a
||ghtwe|ght system w|th |arge co|umn
ree spaces.
T2 has a un|que our-storey X-shaped des|gn due to constra|nts re-|ated to |and shortage
www.masterbu||der.co.|n The Masterbu||der - January 2014
HeadhouseRoof
The Headhouseroo, supported by
on|y 30 co|umns spaced at 64 meters
|n the North-South d|rect|on and at 34
meters |n the East-West d|rect|on, pro-
duces a |arge co|umn-ree space |dea|
or an a|rport. By |ncreas|ng the depth
Humbai's T2TerminaI: 0uickFacts
Tol~ /:e~ o squ~:e nele:s
niio: p~sse:qe:s ~p~ily
0ve: sq nls o :el~i sp~e
0ve: sq nls o ~:os~pe ~:e~s
ei: ou:le:s
oep~:lu:e inniq:~lio: ou:le:s
~::iv~ inniq:~lio: ou:le:s
Seu:ily e posilio:s
L~qq~qe ~:ouses
ixeo i: L:ioqes
p~sse:qe: Lo~:oi:q L:ioqes
T:~ve~lo:s
Es~~lo:s
Eev~lo:s
Toiels
~:e eev~leo exp:ess w~y e~oi:q
lo le Te:ni:~
Mulieve ~: p~: o: ~:s
/o',2Oo
/O
21,OOO
EOOO
188
oO
o
1O/
1O
2E
E2
/1
/
o
1O1
/o
EOOO
45
o the trusses near the co|umns and
runn|ng trusses |n both an orthogona|
gr|d and a 45 degree gr|d, |arge spac-
|ng and cant||evers o 40 meters a|ong
the per|meter are ach|eved w|thanover-
a|| truss depth o 4 meters. ln response
to s|te constra|nts and prox|m|ty o the
ex|st|ng operat|ona| term|na| bu||d|ng,
the mega co|umns were a|so des|gned
to serve as ho|st mechan|sms such that
the ent|re roo cou|d be constructed
w|thout tower cranes.
The arch|tectura| c|add|ng o the
roo and ce|||ng eatures a mo|ded sur-
ace and sky||ghts over the co|umn|oca-
t|ons and throughout the term|na| ce||-
|ng a||ow|ng natura| ||ght to |ood |nto
the ma|n ha||. Beyond typ|ca| grav|ty
and se|sm|c |oads on the roo, spec|a|
|oad|ng cons|derat|ons were taken or
the cab|e wa|| wh|ch app||es a s|gn||-
cant w|nd |oad to the roo structure and
whose cab|es are pre-stressed aga|nst
the roo trusses at the nothern end o
the term|na|. The w|nd |oad|ng a|so pre-
sented cha||enges as a s|gn|cant por-
t|on o the headhouse roo |s open to
theoutdoorsandbehavesasacanopy.
ln order to create one o the |argest
roos |n the wor|d w|thout an expans|on
|o|nt, the roo mega-co|umns and stee|
roo structure were kept comp|ete|y |n-
dependent rom the base concrete
structures be|ow. Large open|ngs |n the
concretebasestructurea||owthemega-
co|umns to pass throughas we|| as cre-
ate arch|tectura| des|gn eatures. Th|s
a||ows the Headhouse roo to move
|ndependent|y |nresponse to |oads par-
t|cu|ar|y expans|on and contract|on
caused by temperature var|at|on. Th|s
therma| grad|ent |s app||ed to the stee|
|n the structura| ana|ys|s mode| and
accounted or |n the des|gn o the roo
members.
The |atera| system or the roo com-
pr|ses stee| moment res|st|ng rames
cons|st|ng o compos|te mega-co|umns
and |ong span stee| roo trusses. Frame
act|on |s ach|eved between the pr|mary
roo trusses and the compos|te mega-
co|umns |n the North-South d|rect|on
andbetweenthesecondary roo trusses
andthecompos|temegaco|umns |nthe
East west d|rect|on. Add|t|ona| trusses
runn|ng at 45 degree to the orthogona|
gr|d prov|de add|t|ona| stab|||ty and
d|aphgramst|ness. The weav|ng o the
orthogona| and d|agona| trusses |n
add|t|on to ensur|ng d|aphgram act|on
o the roo was a|so extreme|y useu| |n
reduc|ngthesystemdepthor theent|re|y
cant||evered per|meter zone o the roo.
Th|s resu|ted |n upto 40 m cant||evers at
certa|| |ocat|ons w|th a truss depth o
on|y 4 meters.
Unidirectional CableWall
The term|na| bu||d|ng eatures two
separate cab|e wa|| systems tota|||ng
over 1 k||ometer |n |ength and 11000
square meters |narea mak|ng |t the |arg-
est and |ongest cab|e wa|| |n the wor|d.
Bothcab|ewa||scompr|seun|d|rect|ona|
cab|es spann|ng vert|ca||y betweentwo
|eve|s o the term|na| structure. At the
departure |eve|, the use o un|d|rect|ona|
cab|es was necess|tated by the act
T2s Jaya He museum has emp|oyed co||aborat|ve works by severa| art|sts to dep|ct lnd|as many acets
The arch|tectura| c|add|ng o the roo and ce|||ng eatures a mo|ded surace and sky||ghts over the co|umn
|ocat|ons and throughout the term|na| ce|||ng a||ow|ng natura| ||ght to |ood |nto the ma|n ha||
that cab|e roo comp|ete|y enve|ops the
term|na| headhouse e||m|nat|ng the
poss|b|||ty o any hor|zonta| anchorage.
MultipleSystemConcreteBaseStructure
The concrete base structure o the
term|na| bu||d|ng emp|oys three d|s-
t|nct structura| |oor systems |n res-
ponse to unct|ona| zones w|th vary|ng
opt|ma| c|ear span requ|rements. ln the
||near and rad|a| gate zone, a regu|ar
rep|t|t|ve one way concrete beam and
s|ab system has been ut|||zed. At |oca-
t|ons wh|ch generate heavy passenger
congest|on such as the baggage c|a|m
ha||, unct|ona| requ|rements ca||ed or
a re|at|ve|y co|umn ree space. Th|s was
ach|eved by p|ac|ng co|umns w|th|n the
baggage c|a|m be|ts and hav|ng a c|ear
span between be|ts resu|t|ng |n struc-
tura| ram|ng bays o 17x16 square
meters and emp|oy|ng a wa|e s|ab sys-
tem or the |oor ram|ng above. ln the
reta|| zone where max|mum|ex|b|||ty or
|oor open|ngs and uture renovat|on was
des|red , the |oor system ut|||zes stee|
ram|ngw|th compos|te meta| deck s|abs
|n-|||edbetween concrete moment rame
systems. At a|| |ocat|ons, the regu|ar
gr|d system has resu|ted |n the rep|t|t|ve
use o concrete ramework and econ-
omy |nconstruct|on.
ParkingStructure
The des|gn o the park|ng structure
brought a|ong a number o aesthet|c
and unct|ona| cha||enges. D|erent geo-
|og|ca| cond|t|ons ||m|ted the depth o
excavat|on. The park|ng structure ut|-
||zes a sha||ow|oor ram|ng systemw|th
twoway concrete|at p|atew|thconcrete
shear wa||s or |atera| support. The com-
pact n|ne |eve| park|ng garage meets
a|| o |ts park|ng requ|rements w|th|n the
st|pu|ated he|ght so that |ts roo a||gns
w|th the departure |eve| and serves as a
greenroo or the v|s|tor area.
Source: lABSE Peport on the newterm|na| bu||d|ng o
the Mumba| a|rport The concrete base structure o the term|na| bu||d|ng emp|oys three d|st|nct structura| |oor systems
The |atera| system or the roo compr|ses stee| moment res|st|ng rames cons|st|ng o compos|te mega-co|umns and |ong span stee| roo trusses
50 The Masterbuilder - January 2014 www.masterbuilder.co.in
Mass Housing
Realty-The Reality:
The Growing National Housing Crisis
B
ridging the Urban Housing
Shortage in India, amidst the
rising trend of urbanization and
the looming urban housing shortage
as also fulfilling the rural shelters is-
sue is no doubt a monumental task in
the hands of all stakeholders. The con-
straints faced by real estate developers
if they venture to bridge the gap through
affordable housing is also real.
Credible measures need to be taken
by various stakeholders so as to make
housing affordable for the urban & rural
masses in India.
In the urban areas, an estimate puts
the housing units shortage to be about
26.35 million units and in the rural areas
about 47.53 million units. At this stage,
housing shortage under the XII plan can
safely be assumed to be of the order
of about 40 million. (Assuming 90% of
total Rural Housing Shortage for BPL
families 2012-2017 ie 43.93)
Perhaps more importantly, in the urban
areas 99 per cent of the total housing
shortage (24.71 million units) pertains to
the economically weaker sections (EWS)
and low-income groups LIG).
In the rural areas, more than 90 per
cent of the total housing shortage (47.43
million units) belongs to lower-income
families, it is said.
Urban population set to outgrow over-
all population growth
Indias urban population has grown
at a CAGR of 2.8 percent over 2001-
2011, resulting in an increase in the
urbanization rate from 27.8 percent to
31.2 percent. Out of Indias 1.21 billion
population, 377 million people are urban
dwellers.
Sadagopan Seshadri
Chief - Content Development,
CE - Infrastructure - Environment
www.masterbuilder.co.in The Masterbuilder - January 2014 51
This continues to be aggravated with
the ever growing concentration of mi-
grating people into urban areas creating
more and more of slums and squatter
settle-ments.
A substantial housing shortage
looms in Urban India with a wide gap
between the demand and supply of
housing in terms of not only quantity but
also in the quality. Indias urban housing
shortage has been estimated at nearly
18.78 million households in 2012 (Tech-
nical committee Report to the Ministry
of Housing and Urban Poverty Allevia-
tion MHUPA).
Besides 80 percent of these house-
holds living in congested houses require
new houses. The report also highlights
that nearly one million households are
living in non serviceable katcha houses,
while over half a million households are
in homeless conditions. (See Fig.2 )
The Federation of Indian Chambers
of Commerce (FICCI) estimates that by
2050, the countrys cities would witness
a net increase of 900 million people.
Furthermore, over 2012-2050, the pace
of urbanization is likely to increase at a
CAGR of 2.1 percent double than that
of China.
Considering that agriculture sector
has a limited scope, urbanization growth
is expected to be a consequence of
rural-to-urban migration. Indias manu-
facturing and services sector continues
to show sizeable influx in employment
from the rural youth. This will be a long
term trend with expected rapid indust-
rialization leading to migration from rural
to urban India. (see Fig.1)
Looming housing shortage in urban
India
Steeply climbing land and real es-
tate prices in urban areas have forced
the poor and the economically weaker
sections of the society to settle for the
marginal lands typified by poor housing
stock, congestion and obsolescence.
Figure 1 Urbanization growth (Source: Census of India 2011)
Housing fulfills physical needs by
providing security and shelter from
weather and climate. It fulfills psycho-
logical needs by providing a sense of
personal space and privacy. It fulfills
social needs by providing a gathering
area and communal space for the hu-
man family, the basic unit of society. In
many societies, it also fulfills econom-
ic needs by functioning as a center for
commercial production.
The human right to adequate housing
is the right of every woman, man, youth
and child to acquire and sustain a se-
cure home and community in which to
live in peace and dignity. The right to
housing is codified as a human right
in the Universal Declaration of Hu-
man Rights:Everyone has the right to
a standard of living adequate for the
health and well-being of himself and
of his family, including food, clothing,
housing and medical care and nec-
essary social services, and the right
to security in the event of unemploy-
ment, sickness, disability, widowhood,
old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control.
(article 25(1)) The Commission on Hu-
man Settlements Global Strategy for
Shelter to the Year 2000(1998) pro-
vides another definition of adequacy:
Adequate shelter means ... adequate
privacy, adequate space, adequate se-
curity, adequate lighting and ventilation,
adequate basic infrastructure and ad-
equate location with regard to work and
basic facilities - all at a reasonable cost.
Population growth, migration to urban
areas, conflicting needs for existing
land, and insufficient financial and nat-
ural resources have resulted in wide-
spread homelessness and habitation
in inadequate housing. In every coun-
try children, men and women sleep
on sidewalks, under bridges, in cars,
subway stations, and public parks,
live in ghettos and slums, or squat
in buildings other people have aban-
doned. The United Nations estimates
that there are over 100 million home-
less people and over 1 billion people
worldwide inadequately housed.
By 2050, 900 million people will be
added to Indian cities . The rapid pace
of urbanization owing to the ruralur-
ban migration is putting a strain on
the urban infrastructure in these
cities. As urban development takes
place, a growing concern for Indias
urban planners massive urban hous-
ing shortage plaguing the country.
The shortage, prominent within EWS
(economically weaker sections) and
LIG (lower income groups), is estimat-
ed at million households in 2012
Mass Housing
An important point to note is that of
the total urban housing shortage, nearly
62 percent houses are self-owned, while
38 percent families live in rented homes
which is a sizeable chunk.
10 States contribute to three-fourths of
the urban housing shortage
Development does not guarantee
better conditions as it is seen that a mixed
picture exists with both developed as well
as less developed states have families
living in poor housing conditions. Uttar
Pradesh has a housing shortage of over
three million homes followed by Maha-
rashtra (1.97 mn), West Bengal (1.33
mn), Andhra Pradesh (1.27 mn) and
Tamil Nadu (1.25 mn).
The top 10 states, in terms of urban
housing shortage, contribute to 14.3 million
or 76 percent of housing shortage.
EWS - The worst hit
Housing shortage unfortunately has hit
badly the economically weaker sections
(EWS) and low income groups (LIG) that
comprise over 95 percent of the total
housing shortage. The shortage amongst
the middle income groups (MIG) and
above is estimated at 4.38 percent.
Affordable housing The buzz word now
Although Indias urban housing
shortage is being primarily driven by the
EWS and LIG categories, ironically
majority of the housing supply that has
been built across urban India is beyond
the affordability of the EWS and LIG
segment. Real estate developers, private
players in particular, primarily targeted
luxury, high-end and upper-mid housing
segment owing to the higher returns
that can be gained from such projects.
(see Fig.4)
A plethora of deterrents like high land
costs, outdated building bye laws & li-
censing norms, project approval delays
coupled with unfriendly banking poli-
cies have made low cost housing proj-
ects uneconomical for private develop-
ers. Affordable housing for EWS and LIG
segments has to be satisfy the low cost
criterion.
Hence, traditionally, low cost hous-
ing has been the domain of the govern-
ment.
The Governments laudable measures
In the past three decades, govern-
ment has adopted several policies as-
sisting the delivery of affordable housing
for the EWS, LIG and lower MIG. These
policy initiatives focused on transition of
public sector role as `facilitator, increased
role of the private sector, decentraliza-
tion, development of fiscal incentives
and concessions, accelerated flow of
housing finance and promotion of envi-
ronment friendly, cost-effective and pro-
poor technology.
Taking into account the emerging
Figure 2 Urban housing shortage
Tenure
Number of
families
living in old
houses
Families
living in
katcha
houses
Number of
families
living in
congestion
Families
without
homes
Total Urban
housing
shortage
Self-owned 1,395,735 770,0817 9,188,746 326,430 11,681,728
Rented 870,417 219,183 5,700,019 203,570 6,993,189
Source: Report of the Technical Urban Group (TG-12) on urban Housing shortage 2012-17, Ministry of Housing
and Urban Poverty Alleviation, September 2012
The table 1 illustrates the break-up of housing shortage in both these categories in urban India.
Table 1 Large population in rented accommodation
Source: Report of the Technical Urban Group (TG-12) on Urban Housing Shortage 2012-17, Ministry of Housing and Urban
Poverty Alleviation, September 2012
Figure 3: 10 States contribute to three-fourths of the urban housing shortage
Mass Housing
challenges of required shelter and growth
of slums in urban areas, government fur-
ther launched Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) in
2005 and formulated the National Urban
Housing and Habitat Policy in Decem-
ber 2007.
The population of Indias homeless
has fallen both as a proportion of the to-
tal population and in absolute terms be-
tween 2001 and 2011 as per the latest
census data. The data also reveals that
while there has been a sharp reduction
of homeless people in rural India, their
numbers in towns and cities have in-
creased by almost 21%. This could be
an indicator of policy moving in right direc-
tion and motivation to speed up the work.
Global crisis: Boon for Affordable housing?
The real estate sector in India under-
went considerable changes post the global
liquidity crisis. Downturn and liquidity
crunch forced developers to adopt a
two pronged strategy - smaller units at
lesser prices. Only this pushed develop-
ers to focus on the Affordable Housing
segment, which has become the buzz
word in the real estate market for the last
few years. During 20092012, real estate
developers in the country launched proj-
ects in the affordable segment across
Indian cities, with units priced between
INR 5-10 Lakhs (USD 10,00020,000)
Understanding Affordability
In analyzing Indias problem with
providing housing for low-income fami-
lies, policy-makers continue trying to fo-
cus in on how to close the affordability
gap. There is a significant gap between
borrowers repayment capacities and the
price of the dwelling units.
It is just not fair to load the burden of
the affordability gap on institutional lend-
ers and it is but natural that they are re-
luctant to provide housing loans to low-
income borrowers; The great difficulty in
meeting lower-income citizens housing
demands has been approached by the
government in different ways. As has
been seen here in above Indian govern-
ments have developed and implement-
ed many specific housing initiatives for
the poor, but still affordability continues
to be a key issue.
Affordability, should be understood
in terms of being relative by nature and
in the case of housing, to be dependent
on an individuals income or capacity to
afford housing; that should in include
three basic elements:
- affordable land and infrastructure
- affordable building design, technol-
ogy, materials and labor
- affordable housing finance
So the term affordable housing in
India should not be misunderstood to
be low-income housing which is an al-
together different concept. However by
default the low cost criterion becomes
the ruling factor when it comes to EWS.
But the rider here is that:
Affordable housing does not trans-
late into low cost , poor or low quality
housing.
Indias definition of affordable housing
Indias National Urban Housing and
Habitat Policy (NUHHP) in 2007 estab-
lished a task force that tried to define
what constituted affordable housing. It sep-
arated its definition into three parame-
ters: size, cost and estimated monthly
payment or rent and developed these
parameters for two income groups the
EWS/ LIG low income group and mid-
Figure 4 Affordable Housing
Size EMI or Rent
EWS
Minimum of 300 sq ft super built-up area
Minimum of 269 sq ft (25 sq m) carpet area
not exceeding 30 - 40 % of
gross monthly income of buyer
LIG
Minimum of 500 sq ft super built-up area
Minimum of 517 sq ft (48 sqm) carpet area
MIG
600-1,200 sq ft super built-up area
Minimum of 861 sq ft (80 sqm) carpet area
Source: Guidelines for Affordable Housing in Partnership (Amended), MHUPA, 2011
Chart IA Affordable Housing MHUPA 2011
Minimum Volume of Habitation Provision of Basic Amenities Cost of the House Location of the House
EWS Minimum of 250 sq ft carpet area
MInimum of 2,250 cu ft internal volume
Sanitation, adequate water supply and
Power
provision of community spaces and
amenities such as parks, schools
and healthcare facilities, either within
the project or in the neighbourhood,
depending upon the size and location of
the housing project
Cost of the house such that
EMI does not exceed 30-40%
of gross monthly income of
the buyer
reasonable maintenance costs
Located within 20 km of a
major workplace hub (could
be suburban hubs as well) in
the city
adequately connected to
major public transit hubs
LIG 300-600 sq ft carpet area
2,700-5,400 cu ft internal volume
MIG 600-1,200 sq ft carpet area
5,400-10,800 cu ft internal volume
Source: Johns Lang LaSalle Research 2012
Chart IB Affordable Housing Johns Lang LaSalle 2012
Mass Housing
Mass Housing
dle-income home buyers. MHUPA,2011
Guidelines (Chart IA) are current gov-
ernment guidelines while the Johns
Lang LaSalles criteria includes volume
and location too (see Chart IB).
The Affordable Housing Development
The affordable housing projects
launched by private developers have
significantly contributed to the 25 per-
cent decline in urban housing shortage
in the last five years. Although, the urban
housing shortage remains substantial, it
is clear that active participation from pri-
vate developers could help in tackling
the urban housing shortage in India.
(See illustration in Fig 5: The Affordable
Housing Development Landscape)
However, affordable housing devel-
opment continues to be a challenging
proposition for developers and further
policies need to be formulated by the
Government to encourage greater par-
ticipation from the private sector in the
form of technological solutions, project
financing and project delivery
Figure 5: The Affordable Hous-
ing Development Landscape (INR 10
Lacs/unit ) - Major Cities
Constraints for Real Estate Developers
State cannot be a solo player in
meeting housing shortage and to rope
in Private sector the constraints faced
by them will have to be removed so that
they get incentivized to take up larger
stakes and deliver efficiently. Main is-
sues that plague are:
Unavailability of urban land
High population density in urban
areas has triggered a huge demand
for urban land. There is a urgent need
to eliminate artificial land shortage that
has pushed up land prices in India.
Government support can aid release
of land banks unutilized and through
possible change in land use pattern.
Larger availability of land in urban areas
makes it viable for developers to take
up affordable housing projects. Land
parcels present in centrally located ar-
eas should be prudently put to use so
as to arrest the on-going proliferation of
slums and squatter settlements in these
areas.
Approval Delays
Real estate developers are required
to pass through an unending list of ap-
provals in central and state governments
and municipal corporations. The ensu-
ing delays in project approvals could
add 25-30 percent to the project cost.
Currently, it takes nearly two to three
years for a developer to commence
construction after having entered into
an agreement for land purchase. Mul-
tiple and statutory approvals adds 2-2.5
years to the preconstruction process.
Rising construction costs
Construction cost minimization is a
vital aspect of making affordable hous-
ing projects viable.
Prices of affordable homes are pri-
marily driven by the cost of construc-
tion unlike premium residential projects,
where pricing is largely guided by land
costs. Construction costs form nearly
50 percent to 60 percent of the total sell-
ing price in affordable housing projects
while for luxury projects it is 18 percent
to 20 percent
Owing to the success of the Na-
tional Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(NREGA) scheme, the labor shortage
in construction has risen and this has
further impacted the construction costs
as it has lead to a considerable rise in
wage levels.
Lack of skilled manpower
Indias real estate sector continues
to grapple with the issue of manpower
shortage which can have an adverse im-
pact on the delivery and cost of afford-
able housing projects. There is need to
enhance the education and training to
meet the demand in the Indian labor
market.(see Fig.7)
Overcoming financing constraints for
low-income groups
Housing finance companies (HFCs)
are unable to serve the LIG and EWS
Mumbai
Ambivali 65
Karjat 80
Palghar 100
Boisar 110
Major Developers
Tata Housing, HDIL, S Raheja, Matheran Realty,
Haware Builders, Neptune Group, Poddar Devel-
opers, Usha Breco Realty, Nirman Group, Sriram
Properties, Karjat Land Developers, Panvelkar
Group, Recharge Homes.
Delhi (NCR)
Bhiwadi 75
Bawal 100
Major Developers
Ashray Homes, Surefin Builders, Avalon Group,
Arun Dev Builders
Bangalore
Anekal Road 30
Major Developers
VBHC, Janaadhar
Pune
Uralikanchan 30
Yavat 45
Major Developers
Trishul Builders, Dreams Group, Vastushodh
Kolkata
Sonarpur 20
Barasat 100
Major Developers
BGA Realtors, Magnolia Infrastructure, Pushpak
Infrastructure, Shapoorji Pallonji
Ahmedabad
New Maninagar 15
Narol 15
Vatwa 20
Kathwada 30
Major Developers
Santosh Associates, Foliage, Galaxy Developer,
Dharmadev Builders DBS Affordable Home,
Shree Ram Developers
Chennai
Nanmangalam 25
Oragadam 45
Cheyur ECR 95
Major Developers
VBHC, TVS Housing, Marg Constructions, Annai
Builders
Constraints for Real Estate Developers
categories owing to their inability to
provide the required documentation for
hassle free disbursal of loans.
Commercial banks and other tradi-
tional means of housing finance typi-
cally do not serve low-income groups,
whose income may vary with crop sea-
sons, or is below the viable threshold
to ensure repayment, or who cannot
provide collateral for loans. As a result,
the households falling under LIG and
EWS category find it difficult to secure
formal housing finance
The loan market of INR 3-10 lakhs is
estimated at a whopping INR 1,100, 000
crore and should be definitely tapped.
However less than 20 percent of the INR
55, 200 crore worth of housing loans
disbursed by HFCs in FY2011 were in
the loan bracket of INR 3-10 lakhs
This anomaly should be urgently
corrected.(see Fig. 8 )
Limited financing avenues for developers
Banks have curtailed their exposure
to real estate citing cautious measures
leaving high cost finance options such
as Non-banking Financial Compa-
nies (NBFCs) and Private Equity (PE)
funding as the only source of finance.
Moreover, high cost of finance coupled
with the waning demand has disrupted
the cash flow situation of developers.
Hence, developers are now deferring
their project launches, thereby altering
the slated supply.
Also, high cost of finance is restrain-
ing them from lowering housing prices.
Need to relook laws and building
guidelines
By formulating more clear and de-
fined guidelines within building bylaws
and rules for Floor Space Index (FSI),
zoning and development plans the lo-
cal urban authorities in India can reduce
the difficulties faced in planning for
construction projects in India. Some of
these measures are already on going.
Besides, regulations such as the
Rent Control Act, that are a deterrent in
the development of rental houses and
redevelopment of areas with old prop-
erties should be scrapped or adapted
to todays realities.
Rationalizing Taxation
The Government also needs to over-
haul all real estate regulations including
stamp duty, various taxations and bring
uniformity between state and central im-
positions.
A once for all answer to whether
the real estate property is a product or
service is to be provided by the Govern-
ment, thus allowing developers to gain
a breather from the current double taxa-
tion regime.
The Affordable- Supply Recipe
The right mix of need satisfying in-
gredients for all stakeholders is a pre
requisite for the right recipe which will
work towards ensuring to nullify the
shortage of affordable housing for all
sections of society on a sustained fash-
ion. Summing up,
Improve land planning and utiliza-
tion: Ensuring adequate availability of
land for housing and infrastructure can
be done by computerization of land
records, use of Geographical Informa-
tion Systems, efficient dispute redressal
mechanisms and implementation of
master plans including identifying
dedicated zones for development of af-
fordable housing and developing them
within planned schedules.
Business models should incentiv-
ize private sector participation: Moti-
vate private real estate developers to
participate actively and aggressively in
affordable housing segment by allow-
ing access to cheaper land, awarding
higher FSI, reduction in the number and
the time taken for approvals, assisting
with infrastructure development, easier
home loans and interest rate and tax
subsidies.
Provide incentives on construction
and other allied costs: Possible incen-
tives to reduce the construction cost for
developers would help project viability
for developers while making them af-
fordable for the buyers. As already
noted construction costs drive the pric-
ing in case of affordable housing units.
Measures that help in construction costs
reductions as already discussed are:
- Single window approval for projects
- construction costs subsidy by ex-
emption on taxes and duties on con-
struction materials; provide subsidy
to developers for R&D in new low
cost materials and technologies;
Figure 6 The Bad Cactus of Constraints
Mass Housing
In Financing by lowering borrowing
cost for affordable housing projects
by granting guarantee on the loans
etc.
- Providing exemption from sales tax
and reduction in stamp duty
Encourage micro mortgage financ-
ing mechanisms: Innovations over tra-
ditional mortgage-lending model which
could enable the informal salaried and
self-employed population, who belong to
the LIG and EWS segments, in availing
housing loans are the key. The Gov-
ernment could encourage effective fi-
nancing through micro mortgages by
utilizing the reach of Self-Help Groups
(SHGs) and other innovative financing
mechanisms. This would ensure that
housing finance is available to large
sections of LIG and EWS populations.
Flexible payment mechanisms should
be put into place considering the fact
that households in LIG typically have
variable income flows.
Improve penetration of rental housing
in urban areas
Rental housing in India has very low
penetration unlike many developed
economies which have emphasized on
affordable or social rental housing that
constitutes up to 20-30 percent of their
housing stock. However in these coun-
tries, governments have a large role
to play in promoting social housing as
most of the rental houses are provided
by government or by limited or non-
profit housing associations that utilize
government incentives.
In India too, authorities like the
MMRDA have launched affordable rent-
al housing scheme. with limited suc-
cess but same should be followed up
with professional rental management to
make it sustainable.
Initiatives to build talent capacity:
This is underway but a massive thrust
by all stakeholders in an integrated
manner is required.
Promote innovative and low effective
cost technologies:
The goal is effective construction
cost to be curtailed which means in-
tegration of right cost of manpower,
material, construction technology for
quicker quality and quantity construc-
tion; low-cost technologies such as
pre-fabrication, which can be used to
construct affordable houses quickly
and costeffectively.15-20 percent pre-
fab costlier aspect is compensated by
much higher gains from the dual ben-
efits of higher efficiency and lower labor
costs. In Europe and the Middle East,
the use of precast concrete and engi-
neering homes technology has enabled
certain developers in saving up to 64
percent of the total man hours needed
using conventional methods. In India
too savings are assured especially in
mass housing.
The last word
The Housing shortage gap is formi-
dable but can be bridged making hous-
ing at all levels more affordable. Land
becomes more affordable if supply side
increased . NUHHP task force recom-
mended approvals& conversions sim-
plification with posting all land related
information should be placed in the
public domain
In terms of more affordable technol-
ogy measures adopted to encourage
innovation and implementation of cost-
effective housing materials and technol-
ogy through subsides and incentives
should help.
As growth percolates and spreads,
there will be a cascading effect even-
tually smaller cities progressively shall
start bursting on their seams. Thus the
core-housing-needs concept should be
considered and implemented on pres-
ent small towns too to make develop-
ment needs most cost-effective. Finally,
Policy makers should work for increas-
ing supply of rental housing stock to en-
sure affordability of shelter for all keep-
ing in context that this step can also
address arresting slum proliferation.
Projected Human Resource Requirement (in 000) 2008 2012 2018 2022 Incremental
Real Estate 10,790 14,515 20,692 24,981 14,191
Source: Human Resource and Skil Requirements in Building, Construction Industry and Real Estate Services, NSDC
Figure 7 Growing Skilled Manpower shortage Projection 2022
Source: Report on Trend and Progress of Housing in India, National Housing Bank, 2011
Figure 8: Size-wise loan disbursement by HFCs in India
Mass Housing
Why do Many EPC Projects Face
Schedule Overrun?
I
t is not an exception to hear that many EPC (Engineering,
Procurement, Construction) Projects in India often face
schedule overruns. Almost all Projects, be it Government or
Private, face some kind of schedule slippages due to various
reasons that are attributable to various stakeholders. There are
several causes for schedule slippages of EPC projects, that
are Controllable by some of the key stakeholders which, when
controlled may reduce or mitigate the schedule overruns.
One of the major reasons, according to the author is the
scheduling method used by the EPC Contractor or the
Consultant to arrive at the project completion time. There are
several scheduling methods like, CPM, PERT, GERT, Monte
Carlo Simulation, etc. Of these methods the one that is more
widely used by many EPC Contractors / Owners / Consultants
is the Critical Path Method (CPM). Although CPM has been in use
for several decades, to find out the Critical Path within the Project
Network & the total project duration based on the Critical Path,
it is surprising to note that not many planners, schedulers &
Project Managers are aware of the fact that CPM is not a good /
efficient scheduling method.
CPM gives a project completion time that has only 50%
probability of success. In other words, an EPC project that is
managed by monitoring and controlling a Critical path found
by CPM has 50% chances of facing schedule overruns. This
is one of the main reasons why many EPC projects are being
reported as schedule overruns. The truth is that many PMs,
Contractors, Schedulers, Sponsors, Clients are not aware
of this fact and get into litigation or LD claims, when in fact it
should not be the case if the project completion time is rightly
scheduled.
Still many planners, schedulers, PMs, consultants use this CPM
method without tweaking the estimated project completion
duration found by it and eventually end up in a false schedule
overrun.
Key Project Stakeholders
The key stakeholders that are directly or indirectly responsible
for the schedule overruns are the Owners, the Contractors, the
Consultants. Unfortunately the Schedulers & Project Managers
are using mainly CPM to find out the minimum total project
duration needed to complete a project.
The Owner Consultant Contractor Interactions
O. Arivazhagan
CEO, International Institute of
Project Management
In general, all the three key stakeholders are responsible for
the schedule overruns of Projects. However, in many cases,
the contractor is made the party that is mainly responsible for
any schedule overruns. It is because of the communication /
interaction equations amongst these three & differing levels
of authority in approving or rejecting Baseline information with
respect to initial schedule & project completion time for the
project. As shown in the above sketch, the contractor is at the
receiving end of communications related to project information
and approval for majority of the EPC contracts. The project
completion time is normally stated in the bidding documents.
This project completion time is generally arrived by the
consultant in coordination with the owner & using mostly CPM
technique during pre-bid stage.
The consultant scheduler uses a scheduling tool such as MS
Project / Primavera, which in turn uses CPM as a technique
to find out the minimum time required to complete the project
(Total estimated project duration) which is what stated in the
bidding documents as the contractual completion time. The
main point that is missed by the owners & consultants at this
Project Management
early stage i.e., pre-bid stage is that the project completion time
arrived during bidding stage & that is stated in the bidding
documents as the contractual completion time, has only 50%
chances of being successful i.e., the project, if awarded to any
contractor, has only 50% probability of being executed by the
time found by the CPM technique.
Why CPM technique is inefficient?
As the name indicates, CPM technique relies on the total duration
of activities that lie on the critical path within the project network
to estimate the minimum time required to complete the project.
However, this total project duration estimate found by CPM
technique is based on 2 major assumptions by the estimators
or schedulers & unfortunately both of the assumptions are not
valid for majority of the project situations.
Assumption 1 Resources available are unlimited for the EPC
project.
Assumption 2 Estimated activity durations are single point,
deterministic durations which are mostly the modal estimates.
The modal estimate is the one that is most frequently occurring
estimate when the activity is done by the same team several
times under given site conditions.
If you construct a histogram of estimated duration required to
complete the the activity (Excavation) using the above data, it
would look like the following.
Activity Duration with Right Skewed Distribution
However, this modal estimate is mostly found to be skewed
to the right, thereby implying a probability of less than the mean
duration which will have 50% probability. If a scheduler adds all
the activity durations of a critical path using the above modal
estimate, the total project duration is likely to have less than
50% probability of being successful. For eg., if the total duration
of an EPC project is calculated using CPM technique as 16
months, there is a 50% chance that the project will not be
completed within 16 months and the project completion time
is likely to go beyond 16 months even if all the activities of the
critical path are completed on time.
We tend to estimate durations that are closer to optimistic than
pessimistic. This is why the modal estimates in a right skewed
distribution gets less than 50% probability.
If you take an estimated duration from 15 persons for an activity
in an EPC project say excavation, the following could be the
duration estimates in days.
5, 7, 8, 10, 10, 18, 15, 25, 10, 15, 15, 10, 8, 8, 10
One can notice that the modal estimate of 10 days is the one
normally taken as the single point deterministic estimates by
the PMs / Schedulers to determine the Critical Path, you may
notice also that the modal estimate has less than 50% chance
of being achieved if all the Critical Path activity durations are
added (which are nothing but model estimates) then the resulting
total Project duration will also have 50% probability only.
The Uncertainty in Project Schedule
It may be observed from the above points that the total project
duration, arrived by the Owner / Consultants using CPM & that
is stated in the bidding documents as contractual completion
time, has only at the best 50% probability of being achieved.
Knowingly or unknowingly EPC contractors do not object /
challenge this estimated completion time during bidding stage
& silently agree to complete the project within this duration by
signing the contract. It clearly indicates that it is detrimental
/ suicidal for the contractors to sign such contracts without
validating the practicability of such completion time stated
in the contracts. Hence, all projects that were scheduled
using CPM technique are bound to exceed the contractual
completion time if enough contingency amount is not added
to the total project duration at the outset itself. It may also be
stated that the schedule slippages of several projects could be
false overruns, as the contractual completion time stated has
only 50% probability.
Possible Solution
To overcome this situation and to possibly avoid or minimize
the Liquidated Damages (LD) due to schedule slippages,
the author suggests to the contractors to go in for simple
probabilistic methods of duration estimates like PERT (3-point
estimates) and / or advanced Simulation techniques like Monte
Carlo to arrive at a total project duration that has at least 98%
probability of success (3 sigma), assuming other constraints
are managed well.
Project Management
F|oor|ng: EP
These are the dec|s|ve actors to
choose the appropr|ate |oor coat|ng
system, |nstead o |ust |ook|ng at the
aesthet|cs o a mock up |ob. The best
preerred so|ut|on, cons|der|ng these
perormance parameters, wou|d be a
mu|t|-po|ymer system w|th a pr|me coat
o epoxy(because o |ts super|or adhe-
s|on) o||owed by a topcoat o po|yure-
thane (because o |ts wear res|stance,
|ex|b|||ty and |mpact res|stance). A po|y-
urethane topcoat |s to epoxy as what a
rebar |s to concrete.
The sc|ent|sts at C|py wanted to |nd
a way to deve|op a hybr|d po|ymer that
w||| doboththe|obso epoxy andPand
stud|ed the hybr|d techno|ogy at depth
wh|ch paved way or the b|rth o a new
generat|on |oor|ngs |n lnd|a. The term
EP m|ght be co|ned by C|py |n lnd|a,
but the techno|ogy was not |nvented by
them, but they p|oneered the research
on hybr|d chem|stry and came out w|th
the |rst EP|oor coat|ng |n2001.
|oor coat|ngs were born |n lnd|a
|n1985 when C|py deve|oped the
F|rst P based |oor coat|ng, FK
909, that revo|ut|on|zed lnd|an |ndus-
tr|a| |oors wh|ch were h|therto |g-nored
by a|| pa|nt compan|es as a wasteu|
exerc|se. Epoxy se|-|eve|||ng |oor|ngs
came |nto lnd|an market |n |ate n|net|es
that brought a newseam|ess |ook to the
|ndustr|a| |oors. However, the|nadequa-
c|eso epoxy|oor|ngswere gradua||y ob-
served as they worn o ast, bu|ged at
the |oor |o|nts, deve|oped cracks across
the |oors and ch|pped o on a|| o
too|s, where as po|yurethanes en|oyed
super|or attr|butes ||ke abras|on res|s-
tance and |ex|b|||ty, but |acked good
aesthet|cs. ln the quest o gett|ng the
best eatures out o epoxy and urethane
po|ymers, C|py put the|r core research
team |nto the deve|opment o a hybr|d
coat|ng wh|ch was chr|stened as EP
|oor|ngs.
and pa||et trucks move over |t, th|rd |s
the |mpact rat|ng or how much o an
|mpact can |t take w|thout ch|pp|ng o
rom the |oor.
As regards to adhes|on on concrete,
epox|es score over a|| other |oor coat-
|ngs, as a proper|y ormu|ated epoxy
pr|mer cannot be ung|ued rom the con-
crete, as th|s can be w|tnessed |n an
adhes|ontest by E|cometer pu||-o tester
when the pr|mer |ayer comes a|ong w|th
concrete.
Abras|on rat|ng o |oor coat|ng |s
tested on a Taber Abrasor, us|ng CS17
whee| w|th 1 kg |oad at 1000 cyc|es. The
|ower the |oss |n we|ght ater 1000 revo-
|ut|ons, the better the res|stance o the
|oor coat|ng aga|nst tra|c abuses. A
sma|| we|ght d|erence |n m||||gram
equates to a huge d|erence |n the ||e
expectancy o a |oor coat|ng and P
scores over epoxy |nth|s regard.
!me 0||lm omo |se ot |-u ||oo||mgs |m |mo|o
|. 3uoosm C|py
\omog|mg ||eclo|. C|py -o|yu|elmomes -vl. |lo.
EP |oor|ng at an automob||e p|ant
Abras|on test on a Taber abrasor
Pu||-o test be|ng done w|th epoxy pr|mer
The |oor coat|ngs perormance
hangs s|gn||cant|y on the chem|stry and
the po|ymer type chosen or the spe-
c||c end app||cat|ons. The three most
v|ta| actors or p|ck|ng up the r|ght |oor
coat|ng |s the adhes|on rat|ng or how
strong a bond |t bu||ds on the concrete
|oor, second |s the abras|on rat|ng or
how hard |t w||| wear o when ork||ts
F|na||y, the |oor coat|ng shou|d a|so
pass the |mpact test as per ASTMstan-
dard, as th|s wou|d avo|d the poss|b|e
ch|pp|ng o the coat|ng on a|| o any
ob|ect on the |oor and here aga|n P|s
the c|ear w|nner.
lmpact test |s be|ng done on epoxy & epu pane|s.
Epoxy coat|ng breaks, wh||e epu |s res|||ent
Why thenameEPU?
The short abbrev|at|on or epoxy
res|n |s EP. The short abbrev|at|on or
po|yurethane (urethane) |s Por . The
hybr|d po|ymer o epoxy-po|yurethane
|s known as EP or ME (urethane
mod||edepox|es). Many adversar|es ra|-
sed eyebrows when EPwas |aunched
|nthe lnd|anmarket.
"ls |t |ust amarket|ngstrategy? Epoxy
and rethane cannot be m|xed together
as |t |s ||ke o|| and water"
To answer these quest|ons we shou|d
|rst understandthe chem|str|es o epoxy
and urethane and know why an epoxy
needs to be mod||ed by hybr|d|zat|on.
Epoxy Chemistry
Epoxy res|ns are produced by the
condensat|on react|on o ep|ch|orohy-
dr|n (ECH) w|th d|pheny|propane (DPP
or b|spheno| A) |n the presence o a cat-
a|yst and are common|y reerred as ||q-
u|d d|g|yc|da| ether o b|spheno| A or |n
short, DGEBA. The po|ar groups such
as epoxy and hydroxy| |n the mo|ecu|e
g|ve epoxy res|ns the|r we||-knownadhe-
s|on character|st|cs. The h|gh|y cross
||nked po|ymer structure g|ves epoxy
the r|g|d character|st|cs. Both the epoxy
and hydroxy| groups can part|c|pate |n
urther chem|ca| react|ons, essent|a| or
cure. The tab|e 1 shows the epox|de and
hydroxy| contents o the commerc|a||y
ava||ab|e epoxy res|ns rom Hex|on, or-
mer|y She||.
Theepox|degroups react w|tham|ne
and am|de groups to orm epoxy |oor
coat|ngs. The hydroxy| groups |n the
DGEBA res|n react w|th po|y|socynates
(po|yurethane pre-po|ymers) to orm
EPor ME coat|ngs.
UrethaneChemistry
Po|yurethane, on the contrary, |s the
Tab|e 1
Epoxy es|n
|i|o|e828
|i|o|e1OO1
|i|o|e1OO4
|i|o|e1OOI
|i|o|e1OO9
Epox|de 0onIenI: mmo|/|g
5J5O
2OOO
12OO
6OO
JOO
EEw
188
4I5
8JO
1II5
J2OO
hydroxy| 0onIenI: mmo|/|g
JOO
22OO
JJOO
J6OO
J8OO
react|on product o a hydroxy| conta|n-
|ng po|yo| (OH) and po|y|socyanate
(NCO). The resu|tant po|ymer |s h|gh|y
cross-||nked, wh|ch|mparts better abra-
s|on res|stance, wh||e the ||near po|yo|s
|n P renders |ex|b|||ty. The ree |so-
cyanate |n P prepo|ymer g|ves r|se to
s|de react|on w|th water to orm carbon
d|ox|de, wh|ch makes P |ner|or to
epox|es |naesthet|cs.
We shou|d know the act that epoxy
and urethane are not ||ke o|| and water.
Both conta|n react|ve groups that can
tr|gger |nstantaneous react|ons. The
hardener o epoxy (am|ne) w||| rap|d|y
react w|th the hardener o po|yurethane
(po|y|socynate) to ormpo|yureas, wh|ch
was d|scovered by sc|ent|sts at Texaco
Chem|ca| Company, S|ne|ght|es.
Plasticisers & flexibilisers for epoxies
Epox|es are very r|g|d po|ymers hav-
|ng a very |ow|ex|b|||ty and hence need
to be mod||ed to enhance the |ex|b|||ty.
Epoxy res|ns can be chem|ca||y mod|-
|ed between two epoxy groups |ead|ng
to |ncrease |n mo|ecu|ar we|ght. Trad|-
t|ona||y, the d|st|nct|on |s drawn between
the use o p|ast|c|zers and |ex|b|||zers.
P|ast|c|zers are |ong cha|n, non-react|ve
mo|ecu|es wh|ch do not get |ncorpo-
rated |nto the cross-||nked epoxy net-
work and they are phtha|ates, PvC,
Cracks on epoxy |oor |n an eng|neer|ng un|t
HEMA, po|ygy|co|s and hydrocarbons.
These externa| |ex|b|||s|ng chem|ca|s
|mpart temporary |ex|b|||ty to the sys-
tem, but on age|ng, get m|grated on to
the surace.
F|ex|b|||sers, on the contrary, are
those compounds that undergo reac-
t|on and reduce r|g|d|ty o epoxy res|ns
and |mpart |ex|b|||ty to the system by
|ncreas|ng the d|stance between the
cross||nks, reduc|ng the eect|ve cross-
||nk|ng dens|ty, |nterpos|ng segments
w|th greater ree rotat|on. Epox|es are
trad|t|ona||y |ex|b|||sed by us|ng reac-
t|ve d||uents wh|ch are bas|ca||y mono-
epox|decompounds. Thecommonreac-
t|ve d||uents are Buty| g|yc|dy| ether, A|ky|
g|yc|dy| ether, Pheny| g|yc|dy| ether, 1,4
Butane d|o|g|yc|dy| ether, cresy|g|yc|dy|
ether etc. However, these react|ve d||u-
ents do not s|gn||cant|y a|ter the phys|-
ca| propert|es o an epoxy, except br|n-
g|ng drast|c reduct|on |n v|scos|ty.
F|ex|b|||sat|on o epoxy through chem|-
ca| react|on to atta|n the des|red prop-
ert|es ||ke |ex|b|||ty, abras|on and |mpact
res|stance |s however ach|eved by
hybr|d|zat|onon|y.
Hybridchemistry
Hybr|d systems are comb|nat|ons
o two d|erent types o po|ymers |n the
orm o a co|d m|x or pre-condensate.
These comb|nat|ons un|te spec||c prop-
ert|es o two po|ymers wh|ch cou|d not
be otherw|se obta|ned wh||e us|ng a s|n-
g|e po|ymer a|one. For eg, epoxy res|ns
have many un|que propert|es such as
adhes|on, toughness, g|oss and chem-
|ca| res|stance, but have some unwan-
ted character|st|cs ||ke poor |ex|b|||ty
and weak |mpact res|stance. Po|yure-
thanes are known or the|r outstand|ng
abras|on res|stance, |ex|b|||ty and |mpact
res|stance, but hav|ng undes|rab|e pro-
perty ||ke water sens|t|v|ty. The |ncorpo-
rat|on o a P component |nto epoxy
po|ymer matr|x |eads to the enhance-
ment o certa|n propert|es w|thout
adverse|y aect|ng the ex|st|ng peror-
mance parameters o the epoxy sys-
tem. Severa| other po|ymers such as
po|ysu|ph|des, acry||cs, s|||cones, po|y-
esters cana|so be hybr|d|zed w|thepox-
F|oor|ng: EP
65
Tab|e 1
|es to |mprove the perormance attr|b-
utes to atta|nsynerg|st|c resu|ts.
Po|ysu|ph|des o commerc|a| s|gn|-
|cance |n epoxy res|n mod||cat|on are
Th|oko|s LP||qu|d po|ymers (LP3, LP33
& ZL-1400 C) wh|ch are essent|a||y
Mercaptan term|nated po|y(ethy| orma|
d|su|ph|de). LP mod||ed epoxy res|ns
are manuactured by react|ng two mo|es
o an epoxy res|n w|th one mo|e o ||qu|d
po|ysu|ph|de. The react|on |s cata|yzed
by a tert|ary am|ne (2,4,6-tr| (d|methy|
am|no methy|) pheno|. The|r popu|ar|ty
had, however, dec||ned because o the
mercaptanodour o the po|ysu|ph|de
po|ymers |n the uncured state and a|so
o the use o a tert|ary aromat|c am|ne.
ZL-2502 o Wess|ngton group |s such a
po|ysu|ph|de mod||ed ||qu|d epoxy res|n.
ln Po|yester mod||ed epoxy, the epoxy-
ac|d react|on |s ut|||zed to |ntroduce some
o the bene|ts o epoxy structure to a
po|yester and th|s |s predom|nant|y used
|n powder coat|ngs. ln acry||c mod||ed
epoxy chem|stry, the epoxy acry|ates
are produced by react|ng acry||c ac|d
w|th epoxy wh|ch conta|ns at|east one
ox|rane (epoxy) group. These are ound
many app||cat|ons |n rad|at|on cur|ng,
e|ther |t |s u|trav|o|et (v) or e|ectronbeam
(EB). And |n s|||con-mod||ed epoxy, the
s||oxane groups are hybr|d|zed w|th
epoxy to |mprove heat res|stance. These
products are used |n h|gh temp app||-
cat|ons.
Urethanemodifiedepoxy (EPU)
Hybr|d|sat|on o epoxy w|th urethane
|s done by |nus|ng P mo|ecu|es |nto
the epoxy matr|x, thereby |mpart|ng
abundant des|rab|e propert|es. EP |s
ormed |nd|erent ways as per the man-
uacturers own patented P&D eorts.
ln one such EPmode|, the OH groups
o epoxy are reacted w|th po|y |socy-
nates orm|ng urethane groups. ln some
mode|s, urethane ||nkages are |nused
|nto the mo|ecu|ar structure o epoxy
po|ymers, thus |nterna||y |ex|b|||s|ng the
system.
There are var|ous methods or such
EP hybr|d chem|str|es. The resu|tant
hybr|d po|ymer has the best opt|mum
propert|es o urethanes and epox|es.
Epoxy res|ns have many super|or prop-
ert|essuchasadhes|on, toughness, g|oss
andchem|ca| res|stance, but have some
negat|ve eatures ||ke poor |ex|b|||ty and
|mpact res|stance. Po|yurethanes are
known or the|r except|ona| abras|on re-
s|stance, |ex|b|||ty and |mpact res|stance,
but hav|ng a ew unwanted propert|es
||ke water sens|t|v|ty and s|de react|on
w|th water evo|v|ng carbon d|ox|de. The
|ncorporat|on o a P component |nto
epoxy po|ymer matr|x |eads to the
|mprovement o spec||c propert|es w|th-
out adverse|y aect|ng the ex|st|ng per-
ormance capab|||t|es o the epoxy sys-
tem. Bene|ts rom P mod||cat|on |n-
c|ude enhanced |ex|b|||ty, |mproved wear
res|stance and |mpact strength, wh||e
reta|n|ngthe pert|nent propert|es o epoxy
suchasadhes|on, g|ossandtoughness.
Every one knows that the |ex|b|||ty
o an unmod||ed epoxy res|n |s |ess
than 3%, wh|ch |s too |owto take care o
concrete expans|on and contract|on |n
d|erent c||mat|c cyc|es, whereas ure-
thanes have a |ex|b|||ty o over 100 %,
wh|ch |s not at a|| needed or concrete
substrates. Thehybr|d, EPpo|ymer has
an e|ongat|on o around 15-40% wh|ch
|sne|ther |ownor h|ghor concrete, wh|ch
w||| prevent the coat|ng rom crack|ng
and debond|ng when the concrete ex-
pands and contracts dur|ng summer
and w|nter. S|m||ar|y, the abras|on res|s-
tance o epoxy |s |n the range 80-100 mg
|oss, where as EP has an abras|on re-
s|stance o 30-60 mg |oss. lmpact test
as per ASTM method (40 |n-|b test, or-
ward and reverse) conducted on an
epoxy coat|ng resu|ts |n ||m crack|ng,
where as the same test gets passed
w|th EPcoat|ng. Thus, the three supe-
r|or character|st|cs such as |ex|b|||ty,
abras|on res|stance and |mpact res|s-
tance, the three v|ta| parameters needed
or an |ndustr|a| |oor|ng, make EP
|oor|ngs |dea| or auto and eng|neer|ng
|ndustr|es, where as epox|es are ma|n|y
restr|ctedtotheuseo |oor|ngs|nPharma
sector. Compar|son o propert|es o
Epoxy v/s EP se|-|eve|||ng |oor|ng |s
g|ven|nTab|e 2.
EPUChemistry
Many compan|es engage EPche-
m|stry to mod|y epox|es to su|t to the|r
end requ|rements. There are many pat-
entsandpub||sheddocumentsava||ab|e
or th|s chem|stry wor|dw|de and a ew
o them are reproduced |nth|s art|c|e.
a. Abstract of modification of epoxy
resin by polyurethane (Journa| o po|y-
mer research, vo|3, No:2, pages 133-
138, Apr|| 1996):
"Hydroxy|-term|nated po|yurethane
(HTP) prepo|ymer and crysta|||ne po|y-
mer part|c|es were used to mod|y the
toughness o d|g|yc|dy| ether o b|s-
pheno|-A (DGEBA) epoxy cured w|th
d|am|nod|pheny|su|phone (DDS). The
EP |oor|ng at an eng|neer|ng un|t
ProperI|es
|le/iuili|]
Au|:io| |e:i:||ce, Wei|| lo:: |e||o, CS1I
W|eel, 1 | Wei||
||c| |e:|, 4O-i|-lu |e:|
. |o|W|
u. Re.e|:e
Co||e::i.e :||e|||
!e|:ile :||e|||
Epoxy
2-J
65-1OO |
|il:
|il:
5O-55 ||
1O-15 ||
EP
15-4O
4O-6O |
|::e:
|::e:
5O-55 ||
15-2O ||
F|oor|ng: EP
P-mod||ed epox|es exh|b|t a s|gn||-
cant|y |mproved racture toughness."
b. Abstract from Patent 5880229,
issued on March 9, 1999 on urethane
modifiedepoxy resin:
"There |s prov|ded anurethane mod-
||ed epoxy res|ne|ther obta|ned by reac-
t|on o 100 we|ght port|ons o a pre||m|-
nary condensate produced e|ther by
react|on o an epoxy res|n and an ac|d
o a phosphorus compound or |ts sa|t or
ester and 5 to 60 we|ght port|ons o an
|socyanate group-term|nated urethane
prepo|ymeror by react|on o a hydroxy
compound and an organ|c po|y|socya-
nate compound. Such an urethane mo-
d||ed epoxy res|n can advantageous|y
be used w|th an act|ve organ|c harden-
|ng agent to produce an adhes|ve res|n
compos|t|on, wh|ch |s h|gh|y eect|ve
or bond|ng |ron and non-errous met-
a|s part|cu|ar|y |n terms o shear|ng
strengthand pee||ng strength."
c. Abstract from Journal of Applied
Polymer Science (Volume 103, ssue
3, pages1776-1785, 5February2007):
"A nove| method was deve|oped or
the preparat|on o po|yurethane w|th
enhanced therma| stab|||ty and e|ectr|-
ca| |nsu|at|on propert|es v|a the react|on
o epoxy-term|nated po|yurethane
prepo|ymer (EP) and po|y(am|c ac|d)
(PAA). EPs were synthes|zed rom the
react|ono g|yc|do| w|thNCO-term|nated
po|yurethane prepo|ymers, wh|ch were
prepared rom the react|on o po|yca-
pro|actone-based po|yo| (CAPA) o d|-
erent mo|ecu|ar we|ghts and some
commerc|a||y ava||ab|e d||socyanates
|nc|ud|ng hexamethy|ened||socyante,
to| uene d| | socyanate, and 4,4 -
methy|ene b|s (pheny| |socyanate)"
d. Unitedstates patent: 6740192:
"Th|s |nvent|on re|ates to nove| e|ec-
tr|ca||y conduct|ve adhes|ves wh|ch are
abr|cated us|ng epox|de-mod||ed po|y-
urethane(EP) and show super|or per-
ormance and very stab|e contact res|s-
tance w|th non-nob|e meta| |n|shed com-
ponents"
e. Abstract from synthesis and curing
behaviour of urethane-modified epoxy
resin having hydroxymethyl group
(Polymer nternational, Volume 31,
ssue1, pages 2534, 1993):
"The epoxy res|ns were synthes|zed
by the react|on o 4-creso|-type epoxy
res|n hav|ng hydroxymethy| group
(EPCDA) w|th |socyanates. F|rst, as a
mode| compound, EPCDAPl was syn-
thes|zed by the react|on o EPCDA w|th
pheny| |socyanate (Pl). EPCDAPl was
heated at 180C and the react|on prod-
ucts were |dent||ed and the react|on
mechan|sm was stud|ed. The o||ow|ng
react|ons occurred: regenerat|on o
hydroxymethy| group and Pl by therma|
d|ssoc|at|on o urethane ||nkage, reac-
t|on o epox|de r|ng and urethane ||nk-
age, react|on o epox|de r|ng and rege-
nerated Pl. rethane-mod||ed epoxy
res|n hav|ng hydroxymethy| group and
urethane ||nkage (EPCDAMDl) was syn-
thes|zed by the react|on o EPCDA w|th
4,4-d|pheny|methaned|socynate(MDl)"
f. US Patent 3478126 A: Urethane
modified epoxy ester resin composi-
tions andproducts:
"The present |nvent|onre|ates to ure-
thane mod||ed epoxy ester res|n com-
pos|t|ons, to po|ymer|zab|e so|ut|ons
thereo and to m|xtures o such compo-
s|t|ons or so|ut|ons w|thconvent|ona| ||n-
ear po|yester res|ns."
EPUsystems worldwide
Though th|s chem|stry |s re|at|ve|y
new to lnd|a, many compan|es manu-
acture and market EPsystems wor|d-
w|de. Some o the commerc|a| exam-
p|es o EPproducts outs|de the coun-
try are g|venbe|ow:
a. EPUproducts of Epoxytec, USA:
Uroflex: sem|-structura|(|ex|b|e) ure-
thane-mod||ed epoxy (ME) coat|ng.
Uroflex 61: Sem|-structura| (|ex|-
b|e) urethane-mod||ed-epoxy (ME)
coat|ngor use |n potab|e, dr|nk|ngwater
env|ronments, conorm|ng to NSF/ANSl
Standard 61.
b. EPUproduct of CVCThermoset spe-
cialties, USA:
HyPox A11 | s a st andard
B|spheno|A epoxy res|n system wh|ch
has been mod||ed w|th a se|ect ther-
mop|ast|c po|yurethane (TP).
c. EPU coating from Edison coatings,
USA:
F|ex|-Deck 500- |s a 100% so||ds
urethane-mod||ed epoxy e|astomer|c
membrane/coat|ng des|gned or h|gh
perormance waterproo|ng, chem|ca|
res|stance andtra|c compat|b|||ty under
a w|de range o app||cat|on and serv|ce
cond|t|ons.
d. EPUproduct fromAdeka, Japan
EP-7N:Adhes|ves or automob||e
components
EP-73B: Structure adhes|ves
e. EPU resins from Nan Ya Plastics,
Taiwan
NPEP133 : F|ex|b|e EP
NPEP133L : F|ex|b|e EP
Conclusion
Over these years, we encounter
many a||ures |n epoxy |oor|ngs ||ke
bu|g|ng at concrete |o|nts, qu|ck wear-
|ng o, w|de spread cracks across the
|oor and ch|pp|ng o on a|| o ob|ects
and these are pr|mar||y due to the r|g|d
nature o the epoxy po|ymer. EP hy-
br|d|zat|on, by |nus|ng urethane mo|e-
cu|es |nto epoxy matr|ces, br|ngs many
advantageous eatures to an epoxy
|oor coat|ng system. lt comb|nes the
super|or propert|es o the |ndustrys
twowork-horse po|ymers, epoxy and
urethane, to accomp||sh opt|ma| prop-
ert|es such as adhes|on, abras|on re-
s|stance, adequate |ex|b|||ty, |mpact
res|stance and good aesthet|cs ||ke se|-
|eve|||ng and g|oss. F|ex|b|||ty and wear
res|stance come rom the po|yurethane
part, where as toughness, adhes|on
and se|-|eve|||ng propert|es come rom
the epoxy part. Further, |t |s noteworthy
to ment|on that epoxy res|n, be|ng an
open-mo|ecu|ar structure, can be |||ed
up w|th cop|ous amount o |||ers, wh|ch
makes the system cheaper, but vu|ner-
ab|e to a||ures, where as EPcannot be
|oaded w|th |||ers bynot more than 20%
and epoxy |s thus a |||er-r|ch system,
wh||e EP|s a res|n-r|chsystem.
F|oor|ng: EP
through concrete and protect meta|s
such as carbon, ga|van|zed stee|, and
other meta|s.
MCl -2005 NS protects by a t|me-

proven m|gratory corros|on |nh|b|tor
unct|on. lnadd|t|on, |t conta|ns aproven
contact |nh|b|tor. When |ncorporated |nto
the concrete m|x, M|grat|ng Corros|on
lnh|b|tors (MCl ) seek out and orm a

corros|on |nh|b|t|ng protect|ve |ayer on
meta|s. When used w|th repa|r mortars
and grouts, MCl -2005 NS w||| m|grate

cons|derab|e d|stance to und|sturbed
concrete prov|d|ng eect|ve corros|on
protect|onto rebar a|ready |np|ace.
MCl -2005 NS protects both anod|c

and cathod|c areas, |s sae, nonhaz-
Cl -2005 NS (norma| set), ut|-

||z|ng |ab and |e|d proven
wor|dw|de techno|ogy |s a M
poweru| ||qu|d concrete adm|xture that
prov|des protect|on o mu|t|-meta|s
embedded |n concrete rom corros|on
|nduced by carbonat|on, ch|or|de,
atmospher|c attack and other corros|ve
contam|nants w|thout chang|ng the set
t|me o concrete m|xes.
Th|s |ong-term corros|on protect|on
|nh|b|tor doub|es the t|me to |n|t|at|on o
corros|on and reduces the corros|on
rate up to |ve t|mes over the ||e o the
structure. lt a|so reduces the eects o
shr|nkage and crack|ng. The product
ma|nta|ns structura| |ntegr|ty and extends
the serv|ce ||e o concrete structures.
MCl -2005 NS a|so reduces the

eects o shr|nkage and crack|ng. lt
ma|nta|ns structura| |ntegr|ty and extends
theserv|ce||eo concretestructures. The
product |s concentrated or cost eec-
t|veness ona|| pro|ects.
Corrod|ng rebar |n deter|orat|ng
concrete |s the cause o |nanc|a| |osses,
cost|y repa|rs, and |n|ur|es. MCl -2005

prov|des NS protect|on aga|nst the
harmu| eects o corros|on |n d|erent
types o concrete. Th|s organ|c adm|x-
ture w||| m|grate a cons|derab|e d|stance
ardous, and an env|ronmenta||y r|end|y
product that does not conta|n ca|c|um
n|tr|te or s|m||ar tox|c substances.
Pequ|red dosage o th|s product |s not
aected by the ch|or|de concentrat|on.
The product can be added e|ther to the
water or powder on-s|te or shotcret|ng
app||cat|ons.
The product conorms to NSF Stan-
dard 61 approved or potab|e water
app||cat|ons (cert||ed by nderwr|ters
Laborator|es).
MC 2005NS is recommendedfor:
- A|| re|norced, precast, prestressed,
post-tens|oned, or mar|ne concrete
structures
- Stee|-re|norced concrete br|dges,
h|ghways, and streets exposed to
corros|ve env|ronments
- Park|ngdecks, ramps, andgarages
- Concrete p|ers, p||es, p|||ars, p|pes,
and ut|||ty po|es
- Pestorat|on and repa|r o a|| com-
merc|a| andc|v|| eng|neeredstructures
- Can be added |nto a manuacturers
repa|r mortar ormu|at|ontoenhance
|ts corros|onprotect|onab|||ty
evo|ul|omo|y !ecmmo|ogy lo |rlemo
Comc|ele u|oo|||ly
Concrete
MCl -2005 NS oers eng|neers, owners, contractors,

DOTs, and government agenc|es a t|me-proven
corros|on |nh|b|t|ng techno|ogy that w||| great|y extend
the ||e o a|| re|norced concrete structures.
Br|dge construct|on |n p|cture above was bu||t to
have a 100 year serv|ce ||e. MCl -2005 NS was

used |n con|unct|on w|th epoxy coated stee| |n the
des|gn bu||d|ng process to he|p ach|eve the
necessary serv|ce ||e requ|rements.
lmmers|on |n Seawater
W|thout MCl

W|th MCl
Floating Concrete by using
Thermocole
T
he construction industry everywhere faces the problems
and challenges, two-third of the world surface is covered
with water. It is therefore not surprising that there has
been much activity with concrete in the sea in recent decades.
The disadvantage of the conventional concrete is the high self
weight concrete, where as the density is in the order of 2200 to
2600 Kg/m
3
. In this technique the self weight of the concrete
is reduce to attain the efficiency of the concrete as structural
material. The light weight concrete has the density of 300 to
1850Kg/m
3
, it helps to reduce the dead weight of the structure.
Scope of Work
In this technique the thermocole is used for preparation of
the light weight concrete and density is reduced to attain the
maximum efficiency, whereas the self weight of the structure
is minimized.
Research Siginificance
- Light weight concrete
- To reduce the self weight of the structure
- Constructions on water bodies
- Used as an acoustic medium
- Low thermal conductivity
Materials Used
- Cement
- Thermocole
- Water
Properties of Thermocole
Low density, low conductivity, floating, acoustic.
Experimentel Work
To study the floating property of the Light weight concrete
Cement &Thermocole
In this concrete aggregate is replaced by the Thermocole,where
the density of the thermocole is too less compare to the
aggregate,hence it satisfy the floating property.
Density of Thermocole = 1.64g/cm
3
Mixing of cement with Thermocole on suitable water cement
ratios.
Experimental Procedure
- We have casted two types of slab and one cube.
- The purpose of casting slab is to find whether the slab
float or not and to find out how many Kg of weight it can
carry.
- The purpose of casting cube is to find the compressive
strength.
- First thermocole was made into small balls.
- Next thermocole balls mixed with cement(OPC 43 grade)
and with suitable water cement ratio.
- Cast it into slab and cube .
- After 24hours demould it, cure it and test the specimen.
Test Specimen
- Cube (150 mm * 150 mm * 150 mm)
- Slab
N. Raj, M. Rajesh, R. Manoj Kannan, M. Madhavan
Final Year Civil Engg., Nehru Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore
This paper investigates the properties of the light weight concrete by using a Thermocole. In this technique the Thermocole is used for
preparation of the light weight concrete and density is reduced to attain the maximum efficiency, whereas the self weight of the structure
is minimized thereby reducing the dead load on structure.
Concrete: Student Research
- (500 mm * 300 mm * 50 mm)
- (1000 mm * 500 mm * 60mm)
Application
- Light weight concrete
- To reduce the self weight of the structure
- Constructions on water bodies
- Used as an acoustic medium
- Low thermal conductivity
- Weathering course
- Flooring
- Ceiling
- Wall pannel
Result
The compressive strength of the cube is found to be 2.5 to 3
N/mm
2
and the Unit weight of the concrete is 450Kg/m3.
Conclusion
The concrete slab(1000mm x 500mm x 60mm) can carry a
weight of up to 13Kg load when it floats in the water.Hence it
can used in water body construction. Further experiment may
be carried out to find the usage of light weight concrete over
sea for the structural construction.
Reference
- Concrete technology (Theory and Practice) by M.S.Shetty.
- Concrete technology by A.R.Santha Kumar.
- Engineering materials (Including construction materials) by
R.K.Rajput.
- New concrete products, precast concrete production techniques
and light weight concrete Report on roving seminar in modern
concrete construction practices, ICI.
- Anon: Structural lightweight aggregate concrete in India. Indian
Concrete Journal, Vol.
- 60, No. 9, sep. 1986, pp 219-220, 2 pp.
- Dhir, R.K.: Durability potential of lightweight aggregate concrete.
Concrete, April 1987,
- 1 pp.
- Concrete technology by M L Gambhir.
Concrete: Student Research
Commun|cat|on Feature
e|-|oad|ng mob||e concrete m|x-
ers are ast |nd|ng an |ncreas|ng
number o takers |n lnd|a. One o S
the top names |n construct|on equ|p-
ment |n lnd|a, Speedcrats, has now
entered |nto co||aborat|on w|th Dm|x
SPL, o lta|y to start product|on o se|-
|oad|ng concrete m|xers |n |ts modern
manuactur|ng ac|||ty |nHardwar.
Speedcrats, an lSO cert||ed com-
pany, |s we||-known or |ts w|de range o
qua||ty construct|on mach|nery. W|th |ts
str|ngent comm|tment to qua||ty stan-
dards and techno|og|ca||y super|or pro-
ducts, a|ong w|th oer|ng exce||ent ater
sa|es serv|ce support, Speedcrats has
estab||shed |tse| as a |ead|ng manu-
acturer and exporter o construct|on
equ|pment.
The companys state o the art man-
uactur|ng ac|||ty |s spread over a spraw-
||ng 27 acres, w|th |n-house mach|ne
shop, abr|cat|on shop, press shop,
mechan|ca|, hydrau||c and e|ectr|ca|
assemb|y ac|||t|es and pa|nt shop, as
we|| as hand||ng and park|ng ac|||t|es.
Dm|x SPL |s cons|dered a g|oba|
|eader |n se|- |oad|ng concrete m|xers
and dumpers. lt has been manuactur-
|ng these products or severa| years
now and en|oys a ma|or share |n the
g|oba| market.
The sa||ent eatures o the se|-|o-
ad|ng concrete m|xers by the |o|nt ven-
ture |nc|ude:
- Compact des|gn or product|on o
concrete |ns|de the workp|aces.
- Techno|ogy and key components
rom lta|y, to guarantee max|mum
re||ab|||ty and perormance.
- S|mp|e to use.
- 4 whee| dr|ve, o road.
- Most su|tab|e or contractors |ook|ng
or mechan|zedconcreteproduct|on
at m|n|ma| cost.
- Opt|ma| M|x and h|gh qua||ty due to
spec|a| drum con|gurat|on and |ts
|nterna| doub|e screw together w|th
E|ectron|c batch|ng system.
- H|gh maneuverab|||ty, ease o ope-
rat|on and exce||ent road ho|d|ng
enab|es the veh|c|e to be pos|t|oned
accurate|y andc|osetodump|ngs|te
evenonroughterra|n.
- lncreased product|v|ty on construc-
t|ons|tes due to on-s|te m|x|ng.
- On-s|te work|ng m|n|m|zes trans-
portat|on and ue| costs thereby
m|n|m|z|ng the waste.
- The m|xers are des|gned and manu-
actured tak|ng |nto account |m-
proved ergonom|cs o the dr|v|ng
pos|t|on and are equ|pped w|th mo-
dernsaety dev|ces.
umoeoloo|e Co~o|mol|om ot 3upe||o|
!ecmmo|ogy omo |rce||eml -e|to|~omce
For further details:
Speedcrafts Limited
n|tech Bus|ness Zone, Tower C, n|t No
804 & 805, N|rvana Country Sector 50,
South C|ty - ll, Gurgaon - 122001
Ph: 91-9811859228,
E-ma||: |no_dm|xspeedcrats.com
Web: www.dm|xspeedcrats.com
Speedcrats D|sp|ayed there products at Excon2013
Speedcrats D|sp|ayed there products at Excon2013
lT: Structura| Des|gn
rup |s recogn|sed as one o the
wor|ds |ead|ng consu|t|ng eng|-
neers work|ng on many prest|- A
g|ous pro|ects around the g|obe,
|nc|ud|ng 30 St Mary Axe ("The
Gherk|n"), the Sydney Opera House
and Be|||ngs O|ymp|c Stad|um. One o
the|r |atest |andmark pro|ects, The
P|nnac|e, w||| become the ta||est bu||d-
|ng |n the C|ty o London when |t |s com-
p|eted |n 2013. Arups ro|e |n the pro|ect
|nc|udes structura| and geotechn|ca|
eng|neer|ng, w|nd, |re, acoust|c and
transport consu|tancy. As part o the
structura| package, they de||vered a
Tek|a Structures mode| o the bu||d|ngs
superstructure, enab||ng the transer o
mode| |normat|on to the stee| abr|ca-
tors and |mprov|ng the downstream
process.
The Pinnacle - an icon of future
London
The P|nnac|e w||| be a 63 storey
|andmark bu||d|ng |n London and w|||
|o|n the Gherk|n, Tower 42 and Heron
Tower to orm a d|st|nct|ve c|uster o ta||
bu||d|ngs |n the C|ty. The tower w||| be
288m h|gh rom street |eve|, th|s
^|up omo !e-|o 0|\
!me -|mmoc|e ot 3l|uclu|o| es|gm
equates to near|y 305m above ord-
nance datum. The bu||d|ng w||| prov|de
131,511 m2 o usab|e |oor area, w|th a
construct|on va|ue o 700m||||on. The
base geometry was p|anned |n order to
ac|||tate var|ous |ayout |ssues such as
s|te and o|ce space ut|||sat|on. Th|s
was organ|sed as a set o geometr|c
concepts constructed parametr|ca||y
to deve|op the overa|| shape o the
bu||d|ng.
There w||| be 20 heavy H-sect|on
abr|cated p|ate co|umns spaced
around the per|meter o the ma|n tower.
They w||| be ||nked together structura||y
by a set o braces to orm a braced per-
|meter tube stab|||ty system. Th|s sys-
tem w||| create a st| and e|c|ent struc-
ture, and w||| carry the ||ons share o the
stab|||ty orces on the bu||d|ng. 625mm
deep abr|cated p|ate g|rders w||| span
rom co|umn to co|umn at each |oor
|eve|.
There w||| a|so be a |ump ormed
re|norced concrete core. The core w|||
act as temporary brac|ng or the par-
t|a||y comp|eted stee| rame dur|ng
erect|on. lt w||| prov|de sae vert|ca|
access or operat|ves v|a |ump ||ts
|nsta||ed |n the shat. lt w||| prov|de a
|ocat|on and a |atera||y stab|e connec-
t|on po|nt or two o the pro|ects our
tower cranes and w||| reduce the stee|-
work p|ece count, |ncreas|ng the speed
o erect|on.
The space at ground |eve| w|||
ma|n|y be g|ven over to the pub||c
doma|n w|th reta|| and pavement caes
as we|| as the ma|n entrance to the
tower. The P|nnac|es restaurant and
the uppermost v|ew|ng ga||ery w|||
become the h|ghest o the|r k|nd |n
Europe. The bu||d|ng |s topped w|th a
g|azed sp|re, wh|ch r|ses an add|t|ona|
42m. The v|ew|ng ga||ery w||| be
accessed by a h|gh-speed "street-to -
sky" ||t, tak|ng v|s|tors rom the ground
|oor entrance to the ga||ery |eve|s |n
|ust over 30 seconds.
The bu||d|ng w||| be tr|p|e g|azed.
The externa| snakesk|n g|az|ng |s per-
manent|y part|a||y open, wh|chw||| mod-
erate cond|t|ons outs|de the |nterna|
doub|e g|azed un|ts and great|y extend
the season |n wh|ch natura| vent||at|on
|s poss|b|e. The snakesk|n g|az|ng
uses one s|ze o g|ass pane, the vary-
|ng geometry o wh|ch w||| be accom-
modated by a|ter|ng the amount by
wh|ch the |nd|v|dua| pane|s over|ap
eachother.
MakingthemovetoTeklaBM
Arup purchased the|r |rst Tek|a
||cences |n 1998 but the|r use o Tek|as
BlMsotware rea||y took o ater tak|ng
the dec|s|on to upgrade the|r ex|st|ng
3D sotware to Tek|a Structures
Eng|neer|ng ||cences o||ow|ng Tek|as
buyout o 3D |n 2009. Arup qu|ck|y
rea||sed that Tek|a oered a more |ntu-
|t|ve and comprehens|ve eng|neer|ng
so|ut|on and wou|d prov|de greater
downstream bene|ts to the pro|ect by
engag|ng the stee| abr|cators at an
ear|y stage. ln add|t|on, hav|ng the ab||-
|ty to arch|ve ex|st|ng 3D pro|ects by
convert|ng them to a nat|ve Tek|a mode|
prov|des |ong term bene|ts or consu|-
tants and c||ents a||ke.
Accord|ng to Arup s Bu||d|ng
Eng|neer|ng London Group 4, the eng|-
neer|ng team qu|ck|y took to Tek|a
Structures and started to see the bene-
|ts a|most |mmed|ate|y. "One o the
most sat|sy|ng aspects o Tek|a
Structures |s the usab|||ty and the
speed w|th wh|ch our techn|c|ans go
rom bas|c understand|ng to pro|c|ent
user w|th|n a coup|e o weeks. W|th|n
months they are exce|||ng w|th the sot-
ware and rea||y start|ng to push the
boundar|es o what we thought was
poss|b|e w|th BlM so|ut|ons. We are
a|so work|ng c|ose|y w|th Tek|a to
deve|op bespoke |earn|ng modu|es to
urther enhance the tra|n|ng oer|ng."
The structura| eng|neers are us|ng
Tek|as v|ewer and Pro|ect Manager
L|cence con|gurat|ons or check|ng,
rev|ew|ng and approv|ng mode|s or
the upstream and downstream de||ver-
ab|es.
Engagingthesupply chain
As part o Arups cont|nuous dr|ve to
|mprove downstream processes and
add va|ue or the|r c||ents, the |rm have
started to |nvo|ve the manuactur|ng
supp|y cha|n much ear||er |n the des|gn
phase w|th a v|ew to creat|ng
construct|b|e mode|s that can be
passed on to the stee|work contractor.
Arup be||eve that there are ma|or bene-
|ts to be had |n engag|ng spec|a||st
subcontractors as ear|y as poss|b|e |n
the process to |dent|y potent|a| abr|-
cat|on and constructab|||ty |ssues, sav-
|ng va|uab|e t|me and money down-
stream.
Custom|s|ng the draw|ng output to
Arups ex|st|ng CADstandards was cr|t-
|ca| to the successu| |mp|ementat|on
o Tek|a Structures |n order to ensure
that the|r corporate |mage was
reta|ned. Wh||st there was |n|t|a||y a cer-
ta|n amount o t|me and eort |nvo|ved
|n creat|ng our draw|ng output requ|re-
ments, the |na| resu|ts are now exact|y
|n ||ne w|th our standards and a|| o our
de||verab|e 2D output rema|ns ||ve
w|th|n the 3D mode| env|ronment. Th|s
|s a|ready creat|ng s|gn||cant e|c|en-
c|es |n our des|gn process as we start
to de||ver more and more pro|ects |n
Tek|a Structures.
Wh||st |t was |mportant to ensure
that ex|st|ng de||verab|e standards
were ma|nta|ned, Arup a|so work
c|ose|y w|th the|r MEP eng|neers to
coord|nate the|r des|gns, export|ng
mode|s rom Tek|a Structures v|a 3D
DWG ormat to append to the|r MEP
mode|||ng sotware. One ma|or bene|t
o th|s process |s that des|gners are
ab|e to spat|a||y coord|nate the mode|s
and erad|cate potent|a| c|ashes that
wou|d have a cost|y |mpact |ater |n the
pro|ect ||e cyc|e.
Arup are heav||y |nvo|ved |n ac|||tat-
|ng the downstream processes by work-
|ng to ensure that the|r Tek|a mode|s
are de||verab|e to the stee| abr|cators.
"Oneo our goa|s|stodeve|opanagreed
process or pass|ng Tek|a Structures
mode|s between consu|tants and abr|-
cators |n an eort to |mprove e|c|ency
and qua||ty o work as we|| as reduce
costs and programme t|mesca|es.
Tek|a are current|y work|ng c|ose|y w|th
us to deve|op a Good Pract|ce Gu|de
wh|ch w||| hopeu||y one day be pub-
||shed as a Wh|te Paper on BlM pro-
cessesromaneng|neer|ngstandpo|nt."
Arup are a|so deve|op|ng pro-
cesses where the expert|se and exper|-
ence o the stee|work contractors can
be ut|||sed at an ear||er stage |n des|gn.
Th|s |s be|ng used on two pro|ects
w|th|n our group, us|ng |ndependent
stee|work des|gners and deta||ers to
ass|st |n mode| creat|on and |mprov|ng
the downstream de||verab|es.
A b|-d|rect|ona| ||nk |s current|y
be|ng deve|oped between Tek|a
Structures and Oasys GSA, Arups |n-
house structura| ana|ys|s sotware. The
goa| |s or the eng|neers to des|gn
w|th|n the 3D mode| env|ronment and
de||ver a u||y eng|neered, ana|yt|ca|
structura| mode|. Th|s represents a
great opportun|ty or Arup to |mprove
our |nterna| e|c|ency and the qua||ty o
the|r serv|ce to the c||ent.
77 www.masterbu||der.co.|n The Masterbu||der - January 2014
TheTeklaadvantage
Wh||st Tek|a Structures exce|s |n a||
structura| stee|work pro|ects, the con-
crete mode|||ng has |mproved tremen-
dous|y and we are current|y |ook|ng at
expand|ng our use o the sotware |n
th|s area. lnteroperab|||ty |s a|so v|ta| |n
enab||ng an|ntegrated process and the
open nature o Tek|a Structures means
that Arupcanpass mode|s to other pro-
|ect part|es w|th ease. The re|at|ve|y
sma|| ||e s|ze o Tek|a mode|s |s |ntegra|
to th|s process, espec|a||y w|th the geo-
metr|ca||y comp|ex pro|ects w|th wh|ch
Arup are cons|stent|y |nvo|ved. The
magn|tude o these |arge comp||cated
pro|ects means that Arup wou|d |nd |t
very d||cu|t to cope w|thout Tek|a
Structures mu|t|-user unct|ona||ty.
Severa| o Arups Bu||d|ng Eng|neer|ng
London Group 4s pro|ects are cur-
rent|y be|ng undertaken |n a mu|t|-user
env|ronment, w|th up to s|x structura|
techn|c|ans at any one t|me work|ng
||ve w|th|n the mode| env|ronment,
wh|ch a|so br|ngs great product|v|ty
bene|ts.
A|though Arup are current|y mon|-
tor|ng the bene|ts that Tek|a |s br|ng|ng
|n terms o product|v|ty to determ|ne
more accurate stat|st|cs on the|r e|-
c|ency |mprovements, the company
are a|ready beg|nn|ng to get a ee| or
|mpact o Tek|a on the|r processes,
"Arup est|mate that s|nce they started
us|ng Tek|a Structures they have man-
aged to save 10% |n |nterna| e|c|ency
sav|ngs work|ng together w|th the struc-
tura| eng|neers. Th|s |nc|udes mode|
rev|ew and check|ng, draw|ng output
and PFl quer|es. For examp|e, |t now
takes |ess than an hour or an eng|neer
torev|ewthe mode| us|ngthe c||pp|anes,
save v|ews and red ||ne mark up
whereas w|th our prev|ous processes |t
wou|d have taken s|gn||cant|y |onger."
G|ven that w|th|n Bu||d|ng Eng|neer|ng
London, Arups CADre|ated turnover |s
approx|mate|y 11m||||on and that BEL
Group 4s structura| CAD turnover |s
around 1.5m||||on, th|s represents a
s|gn||cant returnon|nvestment.
As a resu|t o these short term
ach|evements, Tek|a Structures |s now
be|ng w|de|y used w|th|n three Arup
Groups across the K, and, as Arup
comments, the expectat|on |s to |n-
crease th|s usage: The urther |nvest-
ment |n Tek|a sotware by Arup shows
howpopu|ar |tsBlMso|ut|onhasbecome
w|th our sta, espec|a||y or |arge and
comp|ex structures where |t rea||y does
stand on |ts own. lts |mportant or Arup
to |ook outs|de our regu|ar scope o
work, and we ee| that the Tek|a so|ut|on
rea||y a||ows us to do that. Coup|ed w|th
the antast|c |eve| o support we rece|ve
rom Tek|a, th|s creates a strong part-
nersh|p between the two compan|es,
and we |ook orward to deve|op|ng our
|o|nt oer|ngs and be|ng ab|e to sup-
port a comp|ete BlM work|ow rom
des|gn through to manuactur|ng and
beyond throughout the Arup bus|ness
both|nthe Kand g|oba||y."
Tekla ndia Pvt Ltd
n|t no: 112115, Bu||d|ng no-2, Sector-1,
MBP, Mahape, Nav| Mumba|-400710
Ph: 91-22-67120892/93, 61387777,
E-ma||: |no.|nd|a_tek|a.com
Web: www.tek|a.com
0ooqe Sel lo S~e Up \/CM~:el.
/qui:es esl L~Ls o: $o2 Liio:
ln a statement re|eased on Monday Goog|e sa|d that |t had entered |nto an agreement to buy
Nest Labs or $3.2 b||||on |n cash. The transact|on, wh|ch represents Goog|es second b|ggest
ever acqu|s|t|on beh|nd |ts $9.4 b||||on takeover o Motoro|a Mob|||ty |n 2012, w||| see Nest
cont|nue to operate w|th |ts own brands under the |eadersh|p o ex|st|ng Ch|e Execut|ve
O|cer Tony Fade||, who together w|thMatt Pogers ounded the company |n2010.
Goog|e CEO Larry Page we|comed the acqu|s|t|on, say|ng Nest was a|ready de||ver|ng h|gh
qua||ty products and wou|d prov|de Goog|e w|th the chance to br|ng |mproved exper|ences to
more homes and am|||es across the wor|d. Fade||, meanwh||e, says the acqu|s|t|on w||| put the
company |na better pos|t|onto bu||d s|mp|e househo|d dev|ces to make home ||e eas|er.
"Th|s |s a momentous day or me, or Matt and or a|| the Nest am||y" he sa|d.
Descr|b|ng remote access and contro| thermostats as arguab|y the most hyped trend
|mpact|ng the HvAC market lHS ana|yst Omar Ta|pur says Goog|es venture |nto the market |s
||ke|y to ue| |nterest |nconnected thermostats beyond the n|ted States.
v|a : Goog|e
"mproving sustainability in the
construction industry in ndia
requires a highly trained and
knowledge-based workforce.
Together with the extensive
reach of NAC, BASF endeavors
to boost the development of the
construction industry by sharing
knowledge on technologies,
products and expertise with
industry practitioners
Dr. Raman Ramachandran
Cha|rman, BASF lnd|a & Head South As|a
ASF lnd|a has s|gned a Memo-
randum o nderstand|ng w|th
the Nat|ona| Academy o Con- B
struct|on (NAC), a vocat|ona| tra|n|ng
|nst|tut|on estab||shed by the Govern-
ment o Andhra Pradesh, lnd|a. The
ob|ect|ve o the partnersh|p |s to |aunch
a |o|nt program to up sk||| workorce
and |ncrease mob|||ty & emp|oyab|||ty
across the construct|on |ndustry, wh||e
promot|ng the advantages o construc-
t|on chem|ca| so|ut|ons wh|ch he|p
|ncrease the durab|||ty, |mprove resource
e|c|ency and ensure c||mate protec-
t|on.
As part o the agreement, BASF w|||
ass|st NAC |n deve|op|ng the curr|cu-
|um |n three broad areas: "Pehab|||ta-
t|on & repa|rs o bu||d|ngs", "Water-
proo|ng & use o construct|on chem|-
ca|s |n bu||d|ngs" and "se o adm|x-
tures |n concrete". BASF w||| a|so take
part |n coach|ng around 100 teachers
rom NAC on both, the theoret|ca| as
we|| as the pract|ca| aspects o se|ec-
t|on and eect|ve usage o construc-
t|onchem|ca|s.
Comment|ng on th|s |n|t|at|ve, Mr.
pen Pate|, Bus|ness D|rector, Con-
struct|on Chem|ca|s, BASF, sa|d, "ln
add|t|on to enhanc|ng the competency
o the |ndustry workmen, the strateg|c
partnersh|p w||| oer an |dea| p|atorm
or us to strengthen ex|st|ng awareness
about the var|ed bene|ts and advan-
tages o us|ng BASFs broad construc-
t|on chem|ca|s product porto||o, to
|mprove energy e|c|ency, durab|||ty
and speed o construct|on."
0^3| omo Nol|omo| ^cooe~y ot
Comsl|ucl|om -o|lme| lo
3uppo|l 3uslo|moo|e Comsl|ucl|om |m |mo|o
C|assroom Tra|n|ng Pract|ca| Tra|n|ng
"The program aims to enhance
professionalism in the
construction industry by
improving the knowledge and
ability of construction workers,
engineers, contractors,
managers and supervisors.
Beneficiaries include low-skilled
youth across the value chain in
various construction trades
Mr. P K AgarwaI
D|rector Genera|, NAC
CE: Whee| Loaders
there has been a de|n|te surge |n de-
mand or craw|er excavators |n recent
t|mes. S|m||ar|y, whee| |oaders too are
|nd|ng an |ncreas|ng number o takers.
The versat|||ty o whee| |oaders has
meant that they are cater|ng both the
construct|on and m|n|ng |ndustr|es. The
|ncrease |n the sca|e o pro|ects has
been one o the key actors beh|nd the
r|se |n demand or whee| |oaders. W|th
the s|ze o earthmov|ng pro|ects gett|ng
b|gger, thanks to the |ncrease |n the
number o |arge sca|e |nrastructure pro-
|ects, whee| |oaders are becom|ng the
stap|e w|thcontractors nowadays.
The whee| |oader market has been
w|tness|ng dramat|c sw|ngs |n recent
t|mes. Accord|ng to |ndustry est|mates,
around 3000 un|ts were so|d |n 2011,
numbers wh|ch have s||pped down to
about 1500 |n 2013, due to the s|ow-
down |n the economy and the subse-
quent |u|| |n|nrastructure pro|ects. How-
ever, manuacturers are con|dent that
th|s |s one market segment that w|||
bounce back soon, ater the next gov-
ernment |s estab||shed and |nrastruc-
\.-. -|oomo-o|. ^ssoc|ole |o|lo|
e~omo 3el lo 3u|ge om lme
0oc- ot |~p|oveo 3mow|mg oy
|mt|osl|uclu|e omo \|m|mg 3eclo|s
he lnd|an construct|on equ|pment
market has been w|tness|ng
Tsome |nterest|ng trends o |ate.
These trends are m|m|ck|ng what were
ear||er w|tnessed |n deve|oped nat|ons.
The gradua| changes are more ev|dent
|n the earthmov|ng equ|pment seg-
ment. Wh||e lnd|a has now become the
|argest market or backhoe |oaders,
ture pro|ects c|eared. Th|s a|ong w|th
the recent spurt |n m|n|ng pro|ects has
meant that lnd|a cont|nues to be a key
whee| |oader market g|oba||y. The pos|-
t|ve market sent|ments are ev|dent rom
thes|ewo newwhee| |oader mode| |aun-
chesby|ead|ngp|ayers|ntherecent past.
ChallengingMarket
The lnd|an market has a|ways pre-
sented manuacturers w|th a un|que
cha||enge. Manuacturers had to br|ng
|n |atest techno|ogy and yet be pr|ce
compet|t|ve here. lnhowbest they ma|n-
ta|n th|s de||cate ba|ance has d|ctated
the|r market dom|nat|on. The ocus, apart
romthe techno|ogy, |n recent t|mes, has
a|so been on ater-market serv|ces too.
A|most every |ead|ng name |nthe |e|d |s
ramp|ng up |ts oer|ngs |n order to gar-
ner the|r market share |n an |ncreas|ng|y
compet|t|ve whee| |oader market.
A good examp|e o a company that
oers a qua||ty range o whee| |oaders
backed up by exce||ent ater-market
serv|ces |s SDLG. Th|s |ead|ng Ch|nese
construct|on equ|pment manuacturer
has made rap|d |nroads |nto the lnd|an
market |nrecent t|mes. Desp|te the s|ug-
g|sh market trends o the recent t|mes,
the companys topmanagement |s opt|-
m|st|c o demand p|ck|ng up |n the near
uture. Echo|ng these sent|ments Sr|dhar,
Head -SDLG Bus|ness, lnd|a, qu|pped,
"lnrastructure deve|opment |s some-
th|ng that cannot stop. Pos|t|ve growth
s|gns are a|so be|ng w|tnessed |n the
m|n|ng sector. These actors w||| dr|ve
demand or whee| |oaders |n lnd|a |n the
near uture."
SDLGs range |nc|udes mach|nes |n
the range 7t-27t are known or the|r ro-
bust and re||ab|e perormance. Among
|ts popu|ar mode|s |s the 11 t LG936L,
wh|ch eatures a s|ng|e-|ever hydrau||c
contro| system or ease o operat|on.
The mach|ne a|so eatures an advanced
Deutz T|er-lll eng|ne wh|ch oers |ower
ue| consumpt|on and reduced no|se
|eve|s w|th super|or power. lts LG938L
mode| |s des|gned or opt|mum break-
out orce to ensure a u|| bucket |oad
every cyc|e, |mprov|ng product|v|ty and
e|c|ency. The mach|nes |ong whee|
base and h|gh t|pp|ng |oad means that
|t stays stab|e even on rough terra|n. The
LG958L mode| eatures ZF powersh|t
transm|ss|on, con|gured to a||ow our
orward and three reverse sett|ngs, th|s
s|ng|e-|ever contro| transm|ss|on makes
the mach|ne easy to operate. SDLGhad
recent|y |aunched the LG979 mode|,
wh|ch |s a 226kW whee| |oader pow-
ered by the SDLG e|ectron|c |n|ect|on
T|er-lll eng|ne. The |ow-no|se eng|ne |s
perect|y matched to the |oaders HT200
transm|ss|oncontro| system, wh|cha||ows
the operator to se|ect the correct gear
depend|ng on the |oad, or opt|mum
e|c|ency and power.
Case lnd|a |s one more |ead|ng
p|ayer |n ray wh|ch oers the "F" Ser|es
"nfrastructure development is
something that cannot stop.
Positive growth signs are also
being witnessed in the mining
sector. These factors will drive
demand for wheel loaders in
ndia in the near future
Sridhar
Head -SDLG Bus|ness, lnd|a
Compet|t|on |s |ntens|y|ng |n the lnd|an whee| |oader market
CE: Whee| Loaders
whee| |oader mode|s the 721 F and
821F. Po|nt|ng out the|r SP, An|| Bhat|a,
the companys D|rector- Sa|es & Mar-
ket|ng, exp|a|ned," The Case F Ser|es
whee| |oaders de||ver best-|n-c|ass
horsepower, mass|ve torque or power,
ast acce|erat|on, stronger and aster
hydrau||cs. These eatures together
de||ver super|or product|v|ty and peror-
mance w|th reduced ue| consump-
t|on". The "F" Ser|es whee| |oaders are
|tted w|th FPT 6.7 ||tre eng|nes. These
eng|nes are equ|pped w|th CPD (Com-
mon Pa|| D|ese|) ln|ect|on system and
EDC (E|ectron|c D|ese| Contro| system)
systems. The "F" Ser|es whee| |oaders
eature the "Advanced Eng|ne Techno|-
ogy", to meet the most demand|ng
app||cat|ons. The Case our- mode pro-
grammab|e power contro| - oer|ng
"Economy", "Standard", "Auto" and
"Max" sett|ngs - prov|des operators w|th
|ncreased |ex|b|||ty when match|ng the
eng|ne output or each task. Another
h|gh||ght o the whee| |oaders |s the
"Coo||ngCube" mechan|sm. Theun|que
des|gn o the Case whee| |oaders coo|-
|ng system, w|th the |ve rad|ators moun-
ted to orm a cube |nstead o over|ap-
p|ng ensures that each rad|ator rece|ves
resh a|r, and that c|ean a|r enters rom
the s|des and the top resu|t|ng |n h|gh
e|c|ency or the system. Th|s eature
a|so |mproves mach|nes stab|||ty and
a||ows the |oader to proper|y operate |n
85
a|| app||cat|ons rom stock p|||ng to
quarry. A |ot o thought has a|so gone
|nto des|gn|ng the operators cab, wh|ch
oersanunobstructedv|ewtobothedges
o the bucket or attachment, wh||e a w|de
w|ndow and the s|op|ng eng|ne cover
prov|de exce||ent v|s|b|||ty to the rear.
L|uGong lnd|a |s one more |ead|ng
construct|on equ|pment manuacturer
that oers popu|ar whee| |oader mode|s
such as the 836 BSlll and the 856 BSlll.
H|gh||ght|ng the key eatures o these
mach|nes, Poh|t Pun|ab|, Asst.D|rector
o the company, po|nts out, "These two
mode|s (836BSlll and 856 BSlll) are
known or the|r power ,re||ab|||ty, com-
ort, contro|, easyonthe|obma|ntenance,
|ow ue| consumpt|on and comp||ance
the |atest norms |n the market".The 836
BSlll mode| eatures theprovenL|uGong
transm|ss|on, and |s equ|pped w|th |xed
ront d|erent|a| or max|mum tract|on
and reduced tyre wear. lts smooth par-
a||e| ||nkage con|gurat|on oers a u||
40-degree turn t|pp|ng |oad o 7200kg.
The mode| |s powered by a We|cha| &
Deutz eng|ne and oers 92 kW rated
power that produces 100 kNo breakout
orce to aggress|ve|y d|g depths. The
856 BSlll oers a POPS-FOPS cab, ||ke
other L|uGong whee| |oaders. The ma-
ch|ne a|so eatures advanced hydrau-
||cs that a||owor a qu|ck cyc|e t|me.
Another b|g name p|ayer |n ray |s
JCB lnd|a. The company wh|ch |s the
market |eader |n earthmov|ng equ|p-
ment oers the 3DXL, 430ZX and
432ZX mode|s. The 3DXL mode| ea-
tures a 76 hp ue| e|c|ent JCB ecoMAX
eng|ne w|th |ncreased s|ze o coo|ers
or better perormance |n hot and dusty
work|ng cond|t|ons. The 430ZX mode|
comes w|th a pay|oad o 3200 kgs and
eatures a |ong ||e ZF mu|t|-trac ax|es
and ergo power transm|ss|on rom Ger-
many or h|gher speed and |ower cost o
ma|ntenance. The432ZXmode| eatures
heavy duty three ram geometry (Z bar
||nkage) prov|d|ng h|gh breakout orces
w|thexce||ent |oad|ng character|st|cs.
A w|de whee| |oader porto||o |s a|so
oered by vo|vo CEs lnd|an arm. The
company oers a w|de range o mode|s
|nc|ud|ng, L90F, L120F, L150G, L180G,
L220G, L 180F H|gh-L|t, L180G H|gh-
L|t, L 250G and L350F. The eng|ne
capac|ty o the mode|s ranges rom
175hpto 540hp. The whee| |oader mod-
e|s rom vo|vo CE eature a dependab|e
vo|vo eng|ne or h|gh torque at |owPPM
and c|ass-|ead|ng ue| e|c|ency. A HTE
e|ectro-hydrau||c transm|ss|on w|th
smooth-sh|t|ng Automat|c Power Sh|t
(APS) or h|gh maneuverab|||ty and ast
cyc||ng.
A|most every top p|ayer has |aun-
ched new whee| |oader mode|s |n the
recent past. Caterp|||ar or examp|e,
|aunched |ts Cat 950GC whee| |oader
mode| a ew months ago. Th|s mode|
eatures heavy duty rames, Cat Z-bar
||nkage, perormance ser|es buckets,
ue| e|c|ent Cat C7.1 eng|ne, poweru|
|oad sens|ng hydrau||cs and a spac|ous
a|r cond|t|onedcabw|th|ntu|t|vecontro|s.
nterestingTrend
There have been some |nterest|ng
trends be|ng observed |n the whee|
|oader market segment. One o |t |s the
|ncreased emphas|s on operator com-
ort. There has been a consc|ous eort
|n th|s regard by a|most every |ead|ng
p|ayer. Th|s |s a trend that was ear||er
w|tnessed |n backhoe |oaders, where
manuacturers ater extens|ve research
ound out that |n lnd|a, or the operator,
the cab |s v|rtua||y h|s second home,
and so |t had to be spac|ous and com-
"The Case F Series wheel
loaders deliver best-in-class
horsepower, massive torque for
power, fast acceleration,
stronger and faster hydraulics.
These features together deliver
superior productivity and
performance with reduced fuel
consumption
AniI Bhatia
D|rector- Sa|es & Market|ng, Case lnd|a
CE: Whee| Loaders
ortab|e. The same trend can be now
seen |n the case o whee| |oaders, w|th
manuacturers go|ng a|| out to ensure
opt|mum operator comort |n order to
decrease operator at|gue and |ncrease
product|v|ty. A|r-cond|t|oned cabs or
examp|e, seem to have become the
norm, rather than the except|on |n the
|atest mode|s. S|m||ar|y, |mprovement |n
a|| roundv|s|b|||ty |s another area o ocus
among manuacturers. Manuacturers
are ensur|ng that ergonom|ca||y p|aced
contro|s ensure ease o operat|on. S|m|-
|ar|y, a |ot o emphas|s |s a|so be|ng
p|aced onoperator saety.
TheRaceis On
lt |s a g|ven that |nrastructure deve|-
opment wou|d be the key ocus area o
any government that comes to power
ater the genera| e|ect|ons |n lnd|a. Th|s
be|ng the case, |t |s not surpr|s|ng that |t
has emerged as one o the key markets
or whee| |oaders. The market trends are
a|so such that the demand or whee|
|oaders |s ||ke|y to go upexponent|a||y |n
the next ew years. The gradua| r|se |n
the s|ze o pro|ects |s one o these ac-
tors. Another key actor |s the ava||ab||-
|ty o comp||mentary heavy hau|age
equ|pment that a|ong w|th whee| |oad-
ers ho|ds the key |n speed|ng up |nra-
structure pro|ects.
Hearten|ngnews has a|sobeentr|ck-
||ng |n or whee| |oader manuacturers
rom the m|n|ng sector |n recent t|mes.
Pecent news reports have suggested a
spurt |n award o m|n|ng pro|ects |n d|-
erent parts o thecountry. The|ncreased
demandor |ronoreandcoa| |nlnd|ahad
meant that the government has a|ways
been under pressure to |ncrease m|n-
|ng act|v|t|es. Manuacturers too have
taken note o th|s trend and have been
ocus|ng on |aunch|ng whee| |oader
mode|s that are as comortab|e work|ng
|n a quarry as they are |n a construct|on
s|te. The recent spate o new mode|
|aunches perect|y |||ustrates th|s po|nt. Tough mach|nes: Whee| |oaders are a am|||ar s|ght at ma|or |nrastructure pro|ects
"These two models (836BS
and 856 BS) are known for
their power, reliability, comfort,
control, easy on the job
maintenance, low fuel
consumption and compliance
the latest norms in the market
Rohit Punjabi
Asst. D|rector, L|uGong lnd|a
A|| these trends po|nt out to a hea|thy
growth rate or whee| |oaders |n the near
uture. The s|gns o compet|t|on |ntens|-
y|ng are a|ready ev|dent. A|most every
ma|or p|ayer |n the market has |aunched
newwhee| |oader mode|s |n the past s|x
months. Severa| new p|ayers are a|so
enter|ng the ray. lnd|a cou|d soon be
go|ng the Ch|na way, where whee| |oad-
ers are the |argest se|||ng p|eces o con-
struct|on mach|nery. Manuacturers are
gear|ng up or a per|od o |ntense com-
pet|t|on where techno|ogy, a|ong w|th
the ocus on ater-market serv|ces, cou|d
be the c||nch|ng actor, |n who reaches
the |n|sh||ne |rst. The spurt |n m|n|ng |s expected spe||s good news or whee| |oader supp||ers
CE: Whee| Loaders
s the market |eader, the W|rtgen
Group Co|d M||||ng mach|nes
Acomp|y w|th the statutory prov|-
s|ons regard|ng em|ss|ons |eg|s|at|on
and supp|y our customers w|th the mat-
ch|ng mach|ne techno|ogy |n the|r res-
pect|ve markets around the wor|d. ln
add|t|on to the eco-compat|b|e opera-
t|on made poss|b|e by the new eng|ne
techno|ogy, W|rtgenhas a|sodeve|oped
numerous |nnovat|ve eatures that ur-
ther |mprove m||||ng w|th mach|nes ran-
g|ng rom the sma|| W 35 DC a|| the way
to the |arge W 2000 and ensure opt|-
mum work|ng resu|ts.
Rapid Slope ensures even better
evenness
The new eatures |nc|ude the new
Pap|d S|ope s|ope sensor, wh|ch makes
the Leve| Pro automat|c |eve||ng system
deve|oped by W|rtgen even more e|-
c|ent. The Leve| Pro automat|c |eve||ng
system|s u||y |ntegrated |n the mach|ne
contro| system and enab|es the m||||ng
depth to be prec|se|y adhered to w|th
the he|p o var|ous sensors. One out-
stand|ng eature |s the |ntu|t|ve and
app||cat|on-or|ented operat|on w|th c|ear
graph|c d|sp|ays and unct|on keys. The
new Pap|d S|ope cross s|ope sensor
marks a revo|ut|on |n the |eve|||ng pro-
cess. The sensor boasts extreme|y ast
and h|gh|y accurate record|ng o mea-
surements. At the same t|me, these
measured va|ues are processed |n
comp|ex computat|ons and orwarded
to the mach|ne contro| system. W|rtgen
co|d m||||ng mach|nes hence ach|eve
h|therto unpara||e|ed prec|s|on |n cross
s|ope pro||es. Th|s a||ows cons|derab|y
h|gher m||||ng speeds w|ththe same |ev-
e|||ng qua||ty.
ln comb|nat|on w|th the new|y
deve|oped te|escop|ng |eve|||ng beam
or scann|ng reerence po|nts up to 3.5
m to the s|de o the mach|ne, Pap|d
S|ope |tse| guarantees opt|mum m|||-
|ng resu|ts even when aced w|th the
most comp|ex |eve|||ng tasks.
Co|o \||||mg \ocm|mes
O|ooo| \o|-el |eooe| 1||lgem
Greater economic efficiency thanks to
"FlexibleCutter System" fromWirtgen
The F|ex|b|e Cutter System or s|m-
p|y FCS enab|es m||||ng drums to be
changedqu|ck|y andeas||y. W|rtgenhas
cont|nuous|y opt|m|zed the systemover
the past 15 years. Sw|t convers|ons
mean that compan|es can use one ma-
ch|neor var|oustypeso work. Therange
o FCS m||||ng drums w|th d|erent
work|ng w|dths and spac|ngs |s vast.
Depend|ng on mach|ne, no more than
0.5 to 1.5 hours are needed to change
the m||||ng drum, qu|ck|y convert|ng the
co|d m||||ng mach|ne rom a standard
m||||ng mach|ne to a |ne m||||ng mach|ne,
or |nstance. Pemov|ng rutt|ng rom a
country road, |ne m||||ng a surace pr|or
to app|y|ng a th|n |ayer, or remov|ng
coat|ngs rom an aspha|t or concrete
pavement w|tham|cro|nem||||ngdrum
a|| o these |obs and more can be car-
r|ed out w|thone and the same co|d m|||-
|ng mach|ne. The range o co|d m||||ng
app||cat|ons w|thFCS|s tremendous.
Co|d m||||ng mach|ne
FCS L|ght a||ows w|de range o
app||cat|ons Pract|ca| exper|ence has
shown that espec|a||y us|ng W|rtgen co|d
m||||ng mach|nes equ|pped w|th FCS
a||ows ro||ers w|th d|erent spac|ngs to
be used w|th a constant work|ng w|dth.
Th|s |s why W|rtgen has deve|oped a
s|mp|||ed vers|on o |ts FCS system
ca||ed FCS L|ght. Th|s enab|es m||||ng
drums o the same w|dth to be chan-
ged extreme|y qu|ck|y, so that a var|ety
o d|erent m||||ng |obs can be carr|ed
out |nqu|ck success|on.
HT22 quick-change toolholder system:
Longer servicelife, less downtime
By deve|op|ng the newHT22 qu|ck-
change too|ho|der system, W|rtgen
has succeeded |n s|gn||cant|y |ncreas-
|ng the max|mum serv|ce ||e o both the
upper part o the qu|ck-change too|
ho|der system and that o the m||||ng
drum. The overa|| more robust system
a|so means that the serv|ce |nterva|s or
check|ng the bo|t pre-tens|on can be
|ncreased rom 250 hours to 500 hours.
The re||ab|e and s|mp|e bo|t connect|on
has a|ready passed muster |n the two-
year-p|us prototype phase o the new
HT22 qu|ck-change too|ho|der system.
Generation Xpoint-attack cutting tools:
ncreasedproductionat lower costs
Generat|on X |s the new ser|es o
po|nt-attack cutt|ng too|s deve|oped by
W|rtgen |n c|ose cooperat|on w|th |ong-
stand|ng system partner Betek |n
A|chha|den. The resu|t |s a robust cut-
t|ng too| w|th great|y opt|m|zed wear
res|stance that cuts except|ona||y we||
at h|ghm||||ngoutput rates. For |nstance,
the new po|nt-attack cutt|ng too|s can
be used or as much as 20 percent |on-
ger under cons|stent|y h|gh m||||ng out-
put rates than convent|ona| po|nt-attack
cutt|ng too|s on account o the |nnova-
t|ve geometry o the|r carb|de t|ps. The
opt|m|zed gu|dance o the po|nt-attack
cutt|ng too|s |n the too|ho|der system
a|so reduces |ong|tud|na| wear on the
too|ho|der. L|ke the HT22 qu|ck-change
too|ho|der system, the Generat|on X
ser|es o po|nt-attack cutt|ng too|s a|so
debuted at bauma and w||| be ava||ab|e
rom m|d-2013.
nnovativecustomer solutions :
W|th the expans|on o |ts co|d m|||-
|ng mach|ne programme and newtech-
n|ca| deve|opments, W|rtgen prov|des
|nnovat|ve so|ut|ons that oer custom-
ers around the wor|d substant|a| added
va|ue or the|r day-to-day |ob s|te oper-
at|ons, a|so thanks to the|r own ass|s-
tance, exp|a|ns Mr. Ho||: Thanks to our
customer prox|m|ty, the|r suggest|ons
rom rea|-||e pro|ects are constant|y
channe||ed |nto the urther deve|op-
ment o our h|gh-perormance mach|nes
and |nte|||gent eatures. Th|s means we
can deve|op so|ut|ons that enab|e ur-
ther cost opt|m|zat|on o m||||ng opera-
t|ons and opt|mum m||||ng resu|ts.
Wirtgen ndia Pvt Ltd.
Gat No 301 & 302,
Bhandgaon Khor Poad, Bhandgaon,
Ta|uka-Daund, Pune-412214.
Ph: 91-2117-302600,
E-ma||: sa|es_w|rtgen|nd|a.com
Web: www.w|rtgen|nd|a.com
Reseorch Teon
0reoles 0lobol Mop lhol
Highlighls lhe Risk of
0ionl Forlhquokes
Monash n|vers|ty Proessor Wouter Sche||art says
earthquakes most|y occur at the boundar|es o tec-
ton|c p|ates when they rub together. But g|ant quakes
happen on|y |n "subduct|on zones", where one p|ate
s|nks be|owanother |nto the earths |nter|or.
A g|oba| map has been created that h|gh||ghts these,
|nc|ud|ng an area o the east coast o New Zea|and.
"These b|g earthquakes are most dangerous and
destruct|ve," Pro Sche||art sa|d.
"We have bu||t a g|oba| map wh|ch shows wh|ch p|ate
boundar|es are most ||ke|y to produce these mass|ve
earthquakes and th|s g|ves se|smo|og|sts an |dea o
where they may occur."
Pro Sche||art sa|d the research can be used by eng|-
neers to |norm them o where to avo|d bu||d|ng homes
and bu||d|ngs. The zones where earthquakes are ||ke|y
to occur are |ocated |n lndones|a, the Car|bbean, Mex-
|co, Centra| Amer|ca and Greece. Dr Sche||art and n|-
vers|ty o Aberdeen Proessor N|ck Paw||nson have
beenwork|ng onthe researchs|nce 2009.
ln2004, a g|ant earthquake o Sumatra, lndones|a, tr|g-
gered a tsunam| wh|ch k|||ed more than 200,000 peo-
p|e. Earthquakes most|y occur at the boundar|es o tec-
ton|c p|ates whenthey rub together, Dr. Sche||art sa|d.
andh| Automat|ons Pvt Ltd |s
l nd| a s No. 1 Ent r anc e
Automat|ons and Load|ng Bay G
Equ|pment Company. Th|s w|de|y rec-
ogn|zed pos|t|on has been ach|eved
over years o hard work, |nnovat|on,
comm|tment to qua||ty and re||ab|e cus-
tomer serv|ce. The company |s a|so
proud to be cert||ed to lSO 9001 :
2008. S|nce |ts |ncept|on |n 1996 we
have been manuactur|ng, |mport|ng,
d|str|but|ng and |nsta|||ng products that
are prob|em ree and easy to operate.
The company oers comp|ete |og|st|cs
so|ut|ons by prov|d|ng Dock Leve|ers,
Dock She|ters, Sect|ona| Overhead
Doors and Dock Houses.
E|ectro-hydrau||c, mechan|ca| and
a|r-powered Dock Leve|ers oered by
Gandh| Automat|ons are not on|y "a
br|dge or connect|ng a veh|c|e", but
a|so ac|||tate ast, smooth and sae
trans|t|on by compensat|ng the d|e-
rence |n he|ghts between the |oad|ng
bay and the veh|c|e. Th|s contr|butes to
m|n|m|z|ng energy used and sav|ngs
on heat|ng and ch||||ng costs resu|t|ng
|n ma|nta|n|ng the qua||ty o the trans-
ported goods. Dock Leve|ers oered
by Gandh| Automat|ons are des|gned
as per EN 1398 standard or the most
demand|ng |oad|ng and un|oad|ng
operat|ons. E|c|ent |oad|ng & un|oad-
|ng the goods
The |mportance o e|c|ent|y |oad-
|ng the goods has a|ways been ev|dent,
and |t has |ncreased over the years
essent|a||y or two reasons: the |esser
ava||ab|||ty and the h|gher cost o man-
power. Consequent|y |esser qua-|||ed
manpower |s be|ng ut|||sed wh|ch |eads
to damages |ngoods.
The cost o |oad|ng and un|oad|ng
the goods can be ca|cu|ated prec|se|y
and |s exact|y de|nab|e, wh|ch a||ows
or a sc|ent||c approach to |nd out the
|nvestment that goes |nto the process.
Gandh| Automat|ons has a|ways de-
s|gned so|ut|ons based on such sc|en-
t||c approach and eedback rom c||-
ents. The Dock Leve|ers oered by the
company ensure |oad|ng and un|oad-
|ng w|th|esser eort and m|n|ma| cost.
lt |s poss|b|e to |oadandun|oadyour
products |n a sae way and |n the pro-
cess obta|n remarkab|e energy sav-
|ngs. The |oad|ng bay rema|ns w|th the
Dock Leve|er |n rest pos|t|on and the
Sect|ona| Overhead Door c|osed, unt||
the veh|c|e |s pos|t|oned. The dr|ver
dr|ves back centr|ng to the Dock She|-
ter and stops the veh|c|e the moment |t
gets |n contact w|th the bumpers. The
Sect|ona| Overhead Door |s then opened
on|y when the veh|c|e |s pos|t|oned,
brakes app||ed and eng|nes shut o
.Th|s e||m|nates the ex|t o hot a|r, |ntake
o co|d a|r (or the oppos|te |n hot and
|ns|de cond|t|oned p|aces) and |ntake
o exhaust|ng gases |n the warehouse.
Ater the Sect|ona| Over-head Door
opens, the ||p o the Dock Leve|er con-
oc--|eve|s lmol |moo|e |me|gy
omo Cosl 3ov|mgs
Gandhi Automations Pvt. Ltd.
2nd F|oor, Chawda Commerc|a| Centre
L|nk Poad, Ma|ad(W) Mumba| 400064
Te| : 91-22-66720200/66720300
Fax : 91-22-66720201
E-ma||: sa|es_geap|.co.|n
Web: www.geap|.co.|n
nects to the truck bed or |oad|ng /
un|oad|ng to take p|ace.
At the end o the |oad|ng/un|oad|ng
the Dock Leve|er |s put |n rest pos|t|on
and the Sect|ona| Overhead Door |s
c|osed, w|thout mov|ng the veh|c|e. The
veh|c|e then departs at the end o the
process.
Pad|us L|p Dock Leve|ers a||ow the
dock to connect w|th the truck-bed,
thus mak|ng |t poss|b|e to dr|ve d|rect|y
on and o w|th ork-||t trucks, ro|| con-
ta|ners etc. Load|ng and un|oad|ng
operat|ons become qu|ck, sae and
econom|ca|.
Te|escop|c L|p Dock Leve|ers are
|dea| or connect|ng veh|c|es that can-
not trave| to the dock (e.g. sea conta|n-
ers, s|de |oad|ng ra||way wagons etc.),
These types can be supp||ed w|th a ||p
extend|ng upto 1 m.
Gandh| Automat|ons Dock Leve|-
ers are equ|pped w|th the most secure
saety dev|ces and accessor|es.
ur|ng |s not on|y about ensur|ng
techn|ca||y |mpeccab|e con-
crete products. The cond|t|ons C
preva|||ng dur|ng the cur|ng process
a|so |n|uence v|sua| aspects, |nc|ud|ng
the prevent|on o e|orescence and
unwanted co|or var|at|ons caused by
hum|d|ty and temperature d|erences
|n the cur|ng rack. The requ|red dwe||-
|ng t|me |n the rack |s another actor
that determ|nes the t|me to urther |n-
|sh|ng o the concrete products (such
as tumb||ng, b|ast|ng or gr|nd|ng) or the
d|mens|ons o the cur|ng racks.
Cur|ng has a ma|or |n|uence on the
dens|ty o the concrete r|nge zone,
and thus a|so on the durab|||ty o con-
crete products. The ach|eved dens|ty
determ|nes the products res|stance to
amb|ent actors and act|ons resu|t|ng
rom the|r use, |nc|ud|ng the |mpact o
hum|d|ty, temperature, rost, de-|c|ng
sa|ts and wear. A dense, |mpermeab|e
surace structure |s created | a su|-
c|ent amount o water |s ava||ab|e or
cement hydrat|on. Thereore, cur|ng
pr|mar||y a|ms to prevent the evapora-
t|on o water rom the near-surace
matr|x.
From a product|on process po|nt o
v|ew, a h|gh ear|y strength o the prod-
ucts ach|eved |n the cur|ng process |s
a|so bene|c|a| |n terms o the|r urther
process|ng and |n|sh|ng.
nfluenceof humidity
However, a|| o the cur|ng ob|ec-
t|ves ment|oned above requ|re a cer-
ta|n degree o hydrat|on to be ach|eved.
The cons|derat|on o the mechan|sms
and parameters that are cruc|a| to th|s
process serves as a start|ng po|nt to
de|ne requ|rements or cur|ng, wh|ch
are out||ned |nthe o||ow|ng sect|ons.
The amount o ava||ab|e water |s
key to ensur|ng an und|sturbed
Cu||mg es|gmeo lo ^cm|eve o v|s|o|y
0elle| -|ooucl Quo||ly
hydrat|on process and thus the orma-
t|on o a dense concrete surace. The
amount o water ava||ab|e |n the con-
crete |s d|rect|y dependent on amb|ent
hum|d|ty. l water evaporates rom the
concrete surace as a resu|t o poor cur-
|ng cond|t|ons, th|s causes a d|srupt|on
to the hydrat|on process | the evapo-
ratedamount o water cannot be rep|aced
v|a transport mechan|sms rom |ns|de
the concrete. A cap|||ary pore system |s
then created that prov|des pathways
or the |ngress o harmu| |u|ds dur|ng
subsequent use o the product.
The ear||er the cap|||ary pores |n the
concrete r|nge zone are |||ed w|th
cement ge|, the more |nsens|t|ve to dry-
|ng the concrete becomes. The cur|ng
process shou|d thus commence at the
ear||est poss|b|e stage because water
evaporat|on and thus a s|ow-down o
hydrat|on may beg|n to occur even at
hum|d|ty |eve|s be|ow the saturat|on
thresho|d. The hydrat|on rate |s
reduced drast|ca||y at a hum|d|ty o
about 50% [4]. Th|s act |s underp|nned
by an |nvest|gat|on o strength deve|-
opment at var|ous hum|d|ty |eve|s (F|g.
1). Accord|ng to these |nd|ngs, a con-
crete b|ock stored or twe|ve hours at a
re|at|ve hum|d|ty o 95% reaches a com-
press|ve strength that |s approx. 20%
h|gher than |n the case o storage at
60% re|at|ve hum|d|ty. Concrete b|ocks
a|so exh|b|t greater 28-day strengths
when stored at 95% hum|d|ty. Th|s s|tu-
at|on a|so perm|ts the conc|us|on that
|n|t|a| dry|ng does not resu|t |n the same
degree o hydrat|onas ach|eved by cur-
|ng |nsaturated amb|ent a|r.
nfluenceof air temperature
The compos|t|on o the concrete
m|x a|one |s |nsu|c|ent to determ|ne
the requ|red cur|ng t|me. Any such
assessment must cons|der not on|y the
resh concrete temperature but a|so
the temperatures preva|||ng dur|ng the
cur|ng process because cement
hydrat|on |s more strong|y dependent
Concrete Cur|ng
Deve|opment o strength o concrete b|ocks at d|erent re|at|ve hum|d|ty |eve|s
on temperature. Th|s phenomenon |s
w|de|y known but most cur|ng cham-
bers are not equ|pped w|th a tempera-
ture-contro| | ed heat| ng system.
A|though the a|r temperature preva|||ng
|n cur|ng chambers reaches a h|gher
|eve| than under amb|ent cond|t|ons, |t
st||| rep||cates the seasona| |uctuat|ons
(F|g. 2). Concrete temperatures are
hard|y h|gher than those o the amb|ent
a|r or the s|mp|e reason that the aggre-
gates are stored outdoors, wh|ch |s
why the generated heat o hydrat|on |s
deve|op|ng re|at|ve|y s|ow|y, resu|t|ng |n
on|y an |ns|gn||cant subsequent
|ncrease |n the temperature |ns|de the
cur|ng chamber. Thus cur|ng per|ods o
products |n summer must d|er rom
those |n the w|nter season because the
degree o hydrat|on o products |n the
cur|ng chamber shou|d usua||y rema|n
the same throughout the year.
Accord|ng to Sau| [5], concrete matu-
r|ty |s reduced by more than 60% | the
cur|ng temperature |s |owered rom 30
C to 10 C. The ca|cu|at|on o concrete
matur|ty descr|bes the |n|uence o tem-
perature oncompress|ve strength.
nfluenceof freshconcretetemperature
s|ng e|evated resh concrete tem-
peratures |s a part|cu|ar|y eect|ve
means to acce|erate the hydrat|on pro-
cess and thus the deve|opment o h|gh
ear|y strength |eve|s because th|s
method he|ps re|ease the heat o
hydrat|on very qu|ck|y. Th|s approach
thus d|rect|y meets the requ|rement o
qu|ck cur|ng because the aster orma-
t|on o hydrat|on products c|oses the
harmu| cap|||ary pores more rap|d|y.
As a resu|t, the degree o hydrat|on
requ|red to orm a dense concrete sur-
ace |s a|so reached more qu|ck|y. To
|ncrease the temperature o the resh
concrete, the aggregate s||os and the
m|x|ng water must be heated us|ng
appropr|ate un|ts. A|though an |ncrease
|n the resh concrete temperature |s
a|so dr|v|ng energy cost, there are three
reasons or th|s step:
F|rst, the qua||ty o the products |s
|mproved espec|a||y under d||cu|t
amb|ent cond|t|ons dur|ng the manu-
actur|ng process, wh|ch has a pos|t|ve
eect part|cu|ar|y on the|r suscept|b|||ty
to e|orescence.
Second, the product|on per|ods |n
the year are extended because the
manuacture o products becomes
more |ndependent o co|d amb|ent tem-
peratures. The concrete product |nven-
tor|es needed or the spr|ng season are
thus atta|ned more qu|ck|y. ln add|t|on,
p|ant downt|mes can be schedu|ed
more eect|ve|y |n w|nter. Th|rd, the
ear|y strength |eve| requ|red or
destack|ng |s reached at an ear||er
po|nt |nt|me.
Efflorescence: influenceof curing
E|orescence comprom|ses the
appearance o concrete products and
oten g|ves r|se to unwanted com-
p|a|nts. A|though e|orescence cannot
be prevented comp|ete|y, the type o
cur|ng can s|gn||cant|y reduce the
occurrence o pr|mary e|orescence
phenomena.
E|orescence |s caused by ca|c|um
carbonate depos|t|ng on the concrete
surace. Th|s phenomenon usua||y
resu|ts rom the transport o water con-
ta|n|ng d|sso|ved ca|c|um hydrox|de
rom the cement to the concrete sur-
ace. The subsequent react|on w|th
Curves o a|r temperature and re|at|ve hum|d|ty |n a cur|ng chamber |n February
A cur|ng rack |n a |arge chamber w|th transer tab|e and |nger car
Concrete Cur|ng
atmospher|c carbon d|ox|de resu|ts |n
the ormat|on o ca|c|um carbonate,
wh|ch rema|ns v|s|b|e as a haze on the
surace and may |end a br|ghter shade
to the concrete. ln th|s regard, M|chae|
Kompatscher et a|. [5] note the o||ow-
|ng: "Th|s e|orescence c|ogs surace
pores and thus prevents subsequent
penetrat|on o cur|ng water, wh|ch |s
needed to rep|ace the evaporated m|x-
|ng water to promote cement hydrat|on.
Concrete exposed to such a premature
dry|ng process w||| not reach |ts u||
strength and w||| rema|n re|at|ve|y per-
meab|e underneath the e|orescence
|ayer."
Density of concretefringezone
As we can see, the transport pro-
cesses occurr|ng w|th|n the concrete
matr|x are cruc|a|. The concrete |s best
protected aga|nst e|orescence by a
qu|ck|y deve|op|ng h|gh dens|ty o the
concrete r|nge zone because |t pre-
vents the transport o water rom w|th|n
the concrete to |ts surace. As a resu|t,
react|ve |ayers and e|orescence w|||
orm underneath the surace. The con-
crete reta|ns |ts or|g|na| co|or. Th|s
examp|e shows howc|ose|y re|ated the
mechan|sms that g|ve r|se to e|ores-
cence are to the ob|ect|ves o cur|ng.
Low-s|ump concrete |s suscept|b|e
to e|orescence part|cu|ar|y pr|or to
and dur|ng the cur|ng phase. These
phenomena predom|nant|y occur at
coo| amb|ent temperatures. On the one
hand, the so|ub|||ty o ca|c|um hydrox-
|de |ncreases w|th decreas|ng temper-
atures, on the other, the rate o hydrat|on
decreases at |ower temperatures. As a
resu|t, the concrete rema|ns porous or
a |onger per|od, wh|ch promotes the
transport o m|x|ngwater tothesurace.
As the cur|ng temperature |ncreases,
the s|gn||cance o the a|r temperature
or e|orescence |s reduced whereas
re|at|ve hum|d|ty becomes more s|gn|-
|cant because |t governs evaporat|on
processes.
M|chae| Kompatscher et a|. |nd |n
[2] that "cur|ng at a re|at|ve hum|d|ty o
|ess than 65% |ncreases the r|sk o
e|orescence, whereas |t |s assumed
that cur|ng at hum|d|t|es between 80
and 95% |s perect|y su|ted to protect-
|ngtheconcreteaga|nst e|orescence."
Requirements for curing
The above corre|at|ons can be
used to der|ve a de|n|t|on o the cur|ng
o concrete products that a|so encom-
passes aspects re|ated to the produc-
t|on process. Opt|mum cur|ng requ|res
the concrete products to be exposed to
a cur|ng env|ronment w|th re|at|ve
hum|d|t|es o at |east 80 to 95% at the
ear||est poss|b|e stage wh||st sett|ng
temperatures at wh|ch the concrete
cons|stent|y reaches |ts ear|y strength
|eve| requ|red or destack|ng dur|ng the
schedu|ed cur|ng per|od. The o||ow|ng
sect|ons out||ne the measures to be
taken to |mp|ement the cond|t|ons
needed or opt|mum cur|ng.
Curingsystems
Concrete products are usua||y
cured |n |arge racks. These racks are
housed to separate the |ns|de c||mate
rom the surround|ngs and to pre-
vent the |oss o water rom the prod-
ucts. Two concepts can be d|st|ngu|shed
|nth|s regard:
- |arge cur|ng chambers
- lnd|v|dua|/separate chambers
ln a |arge cur|ng chamber, the ent|re
cur|ng rack w|th |ts e|evator/|owerator
un|t and |nger car |s housed and |nsu-
|ated (F|g. 3). Th|s system cons|stent|y
meets the requ|rement that the cur|ng
process shou|d commence as ear|y as
poss|b|e because the per|od between
the product|on o the concrete prod-
ucts and the|r p|acement |n the |arge
cur| ng chamber | s very short.
Furthermore, a|| products stored |n the
|arge chamber are exposed to the
same c||mate.
ln the case o separate chambers,
on|y the cur|ng rack |s |nsu|ated and
d|v|ded |nto |nd|v|dua| chambers by
|nsu|ated part|t|ons (F|g. 4). Po||-up
doors usua||y c|ose the po|nt o access
to the chambers. The cur|ng tempera-
tures reached |n the |nd|v|dua| cham-
bers exceed those |n|arge cur|ng cham-
bers. var|ous cur|ng programs can be
r un when us| ng heat | ng and
hum|d||cat|on systems. However, the
process o p|ac|ng products |n the
chamber can take severa| hours, wh|ch
|s why there |s a h|gher r|sk o |n|t|a|
water evaporat|on.
Chamber insulation
The hous|ng o the cur|ng racks
must be |tted w|th an eect|ve |nsu|a-
t|on because the saturat|on tempera-
ture |s on|y 0.8 C be|ow the chamber
temperature at a hum|d|ty o 95% and a
temperature o 25 C. W|thout |nsu|a-
t|on, the preva|||ng hum|d|ty wou|d |ead
to condensat|on on the wa||s and ce||-
|ng o the chamber. As a resu|t, dr|p-
p|ng water |s ormed on the ce|||ng and
lnsu|ated |nd|v|dua| chambers o a cur|ng rack
Concrete Cur|ng
causes sta|n|ng when |t drops onto the
products. A|so, pudd|es may accumu-
|ate onthe |oor.
A|though the hous|ng o cur|ng
racks |eads to h|gher average a|r tem-
peratures and hum|d|t|es, c||mat|c var|-
at|ons |nthe chambers may be very s|g-
n||cant part|cu|ar|y |n the summer sea-
son. Exposure to sun||ght and the d|ss|-
pat|on o the heat o hydrat|on cause
heat to accumu|ate underneath the
chamber ce|||ng. The resu|t|ng vert|ca|
temperature grad|ent may amount to
more than 15 C. Consequent|y, prod-
ucts may exh|b|t co|or var|at|ons, and
the degree o hydrat|onmay vary s|gn|-
|cant|y when compar|ng |tems stored at
the top and bottom |eve|s. For th|s rea-
son, |t |s adv|sab|e to |nsta|| an a|r
rec|rcu|at|on system to ensure a un|-
orm c||mate |n the cur|ng rack and to
u||y ut|||ze the bene|ts o housed cur-
|ng racks.
Air recirculationsystems
A|r rec|rcu|at|on systems ma|n|y
a|m to generate a un|orm c||mate or a||
products stored |n the cur|ng chamber.
At the same t|me, they enhance the
degree o protect|on o e|ectron|c com-
ponents and o the stee| ramework.
Such systems shou|d be capab|e o
extract|ng a certa|n port|on o the
hum|d|ty rom the rack because o the
r|sk o dr|pp|ng water orm|ng on the
chamber ce|||ngwhenthea|r hasreached
|ts saturat|onpo|nt.
A un|orm c||mate |n the chamber |s
ach|eved by a su|c|ent degree o a|r
c|rcu|at|on. Th|s |s ensured by appro-
pr|ate p|p|ng that |s usua||y mounted on
the rear wa|| o the racks (F|g. 4). A pro-
pe||er an draws the a|r o the rack and
|n|ects |t |nto the space underneath the
|owermost board |eve|. lt |s |mportant
that every a|s|e |s |tted w|th such an
|n|ect|on system and that the a|r extrac-
t|onperormedat thece|||ng|eve| extends
across the ent|re chamber depth. Th|s
set-up prevents c||mat|c var|at|ons rom
occurr|ng ar |ns|de the chamber that
wou|d otherw|se resu|t rom ||m|ted a|r
c|rcu|at|on due to the products stored
|n the rack. ln add|t|on, the r|sk o dr|p-
p|ng water ormat|on on the chamber
ce|||ng |s reduced even urther. The a|r
c|rcu|at|on system |s supported by ce||-
|ng ans |nsta||ed |n the |nger car and
e|evator/|owerator area. These ans
extract the heat that has bu||t up under-
neath the ce|||ng and b|ow |t to the bot-
tom.
Abetter curingclimate
Hum|d|ty sensors |tted be|ow the
ce|||ng set the max|mum hum|d|ty |n the
cur|ng rack to a predeterm|ned va|ue.
When the de|ned thresho|d |s
exceeded, the excess hum|d|ty |s b|own
out o the chamber by exhaust ans |n
the rear area o the rack. At the same
t|me, |ess hum|d resh a|r |ows |nto the
chamber v|a the open|ngs at the e|eva-
tor/|owerator un|t. Th|s method m|t|-
gatesther|sko product re-hum|d||cat|on
and condensat|on. The t|me needed to
ach|eve the requ|red degree o hydrat|on
|s determ|ned by the most unavorab|e
c||mat|c cond|t|ons |n the cur|ng cham-
ber. A|r rec|rcu|at|on systems spec||-
ca||y |mprove the cur|ng c||mate at the
|owermost product storage |eve|s. The|r
use resu|ts |n e|ther a shorten|ng o the
cur|ng t|me or better protect|on o the
products aga|nst transport damage
due to the deve|opment o h|gher
strengths. As a resu|t o |nsta|||ng a
hous|ng comb|ned w|th an a|r re-
c|rcu|at|onsystem, customers wereab|e
to extend the product|on per|od |n the
year by up to two weeks beore hav|ng
to shut down product|on because o
poor amb|ent cond|t|ons.
Air humidificationincuringracks
Hum|d|ty |s not a|ways |dent|ca| |n
a|| zones o the cur|ng rack, but |s sub-
|ect to |uctuat|ons caused by the
product|onprocess or amb|ent con-
d|t|ons. Part|cu|ar|y |n one-sh|t opera-
t|on, the a|r temperature and hum|d|ty
|ns|de the chamber may decrease s|g-
n||cant|y dur|ng product|on breaks at
n|ght or dur|ng weekends (F|g. 2). Th|s
|s ma|n|y re|ected by |ncreased e|o-
rescence occurr|ng on the product sur-
ace.
ln the cur|ng phase, the hum|d|ty |n
unheated chambers |s the key parame-
ter to ensure a h|gh product qua||ty. To
account or th|s s|tuat|on, the re|at|ve
hum|d|ty preva|||ng |n the cur|ng cham-
ber shou|d be stab|||zed between 80
and 90%. var|ous a|r hum|d||cat|onsys-
tems are ava||ab|e or use under
exceed|ng|y dry amb|ent cond|t|ons. The
part|cu|ar eature o these systems |s
that they on|y |ncrease the hum|d|ty |n
the chamber, but not the product or
chamber temperature, wh|ch|swhythe|r
operat|ng costs are re|at|ve|y |ow. Tr|ed
and tested or th|s purpose are e|ectr|-
ca||y operated steam hum|d||ers that
eed water vapor |nto the a|r c|rcu|at|on
|oops v|a nozz|es.
Water supply and steam curing sys-
tems
A|ternat|ve|y, there are systems that
spray a very |ne|y spread water m|st
|nto the chamber v|a nozz|es.
However, these systems extract the
energy needed or steam generat|on
rom the a|r |ns|de the chamber. Th|s
causes coo||ng o the chamber space
and a s|ow-down o the hydrat|on pro-
cess.
Furthermore, there are steam cur-
|ng systems that eed hum|d, hot a|r
|nto the cur|ng chambers. The|r opera-
t|on, however, does not on|y resu|t |n an
|ncrease |n hum|d|ty but a|so heats up
the products and |eads to condensa-
t|on on the product suraces. A|so, the
operat|ng costs o such systems are
h|gher than those o pure a|r hum|d||-
cat|onsystems.
P|p|ng o a|r rec|rcu|at|on systems
Concrete Cur|ng
|chtament DS2 |s a one compo-
nent waterproo|ng system, or
concrete, br|ck, masonry or D
cement-bound suraces. D|chtament
DS2 |s a comb|nat|on o hydrau||ca||y
sett|ng pu|ver|sed mater|a| and se|ected
po|ymers, wh|ch produces outstand|ng
waterproo suraces. D|chtament DS2
waterproo|ng system works on the
pr|nc|p|e o waterproo|ng by crysta|||-
zat|on and orms an |ntegra| part o
cement-substrates. The crysta|||ne pen-
etrat|on takes p|ace by osmos|s and the
treatment penetrates concrete even
aga|nst hydrostat|c pressure.
D|chtament DS2lmparts hydro-
phob|c |mpermeab|||ty to water and
dampness to coated suraces. Coated
suraces are e|orescence-ree, moss-
res|stant and res|stant to ungus
growth. D|chtament DS2 ma|nta|ns the
breath|ng propert|es o concrete. Due
to exce||ent adhes|on and th|xotrop|c
propert|es, vert|ca| and |nc||ned sur-
aces can be eas||y coated. lt |s res|s-
tant to a|ka||s and v-rays. D|chtament
DS2 prov|des outstand|ng waterproo
and dampproo coat or concrete
structures, br|ck and masonry works,
cement render|ngs, p|asters, nder-
ground shats and garages, reta|n|ng
wa||s, tunne|s, water tanks, roo s|abs,
sewers andbasments etc. lt can be used
or resurac|ng o bathrooms, ce||ar
wa||s and |oors exposed to dampness
and attacks rom moss and ungus.
Foundat|on wa||s and oot|ngs sub-
|ected to ground mo|sture, water and
sa|t e|orescence can a|so be we|| pro-
tected w|thcoat|ng o D|chtament Ds2.
D|chtament DS2 shou|d be app||ed
|n two operat|ons. A m|n|mum coat
th|ckness o 2 mm |s recommended,
when D|chtament DS2 |s d|rect|y sub-
|ected to water pressure. ln case o
sandw|ched system the th|ckness o
D|chtament DS2 can be between 1-2
mm depend|ng upon actua| s|te cond|-
t|ons. Subsequent coats may be
app||ed when the prev|ous coat |s not
comp|ete|y dr|ed out, sub|ect to m|n|-
mum o 1 hour. Care shou|d be taken to
protect the coat|ng rom be|ng dam-
aged dur|ng subsequent operat|ons.
The coat|ng o D|chtament DS/DS2
must be cured by c|ean water to avo|d
rap|d harden|ng or at|east 7 days.
MC-Bauchem|e (lnd|a) Pvt. Ltd.
Manuactures th|s product a|ongw|th a
|cmlo~eml 32
me Co~pomeml \e~o|ome |o|~|mg
1ole|p|oot|mg oy C|yslo|||/ol|om
MC - Bauchemie (ndia) Pvt. Ltd.
411, Aren|a Corner, Sector 17, vash|,
Nav| Mumba| - 400703,
Ph:91-22-27892856/27880803,
Fax:91-22-27893870,
E-ma||: lno.|nd|a_mc-bauchem|e.com
Web: www.mc-bauchem|e|nd|a.com
host o other Construct|on Chem|ca|s
|n techn|ca| and |nanc|a| co||aborat|on
w|th MC-Bauchem|e, Germany. MC-
Bauchem|e (lnd|a) Pvt. Ltd. |san lSO
9001:2008 cert||ed Company.
PEB: Warehous|ng
\0 0u|eou epo|l
3uslo|meo !m|usl om \omutoclu||mg
3eclo| & e~omo to| 3pec|o||/eo
3lo|oge 3o|ul|oms ||ves O|owlm 3lo|y
The age o|d concept o "godowns"
has been a|| but bur|ed. The warehouse
o today |s much more than a p|ace to
stock goods. lt |s somet|mes spec|a|-
|zed to store certa|n type o goods, or
e., co|d storage un|ts that are typ|ca||y a
part o the pharmaceut|ca| and ood &
beverage |ndustry. lt can a|so be a p|ace
where the |na| customer sort|ng takes
p|ace |n th|s day and age o e-com-
merce, where customers can order
products on||ne. lt |s a|so a p|ace |n cer-
ta|n types o |ndustr|es where even the
|na| abr|cat|on takes p|ace. We|come
to the age o the modern and more ver-
sat||ewarehouse the"smart warehouse".
The |ncreased thrust on manuac-
tur|ng and the growth o the reta|| |n-
dustry has meant that the demand or
warehouses has skyrocketed |n recent
t|mes. Then came the quest|on o bu||-
d|ng so many warehouses |n qu|ck
t|me. Thanku||y, there was a readymade
so|ut|on ava||ab|e |n the orm o "Pre-
eng|neeredBu||d|ngs" (PEBs). lnd|a has
emerged as one o the top markets or
PEBs. A|most every top p|ayer |n the
|e|d |s |n ray |n lnd|a. Names such as
PEBS Pennar, K|rby lnd|a, lnterarch,
Zam|| Stee|, Loya, Tata B|ueScope, etc,
have bought w|th them a s|ew o prod-
ucts and so|ut|ons.
There |s no deny|ng the act though
that the recent econom|c s|owdown has
had |ts |mpact on the PEB |ndustry.
However, manuacturers are opt|m|st|c
about the |ndustry recover|ng |n qu|ck
t|me. Forecast|ng good t|mes or the
|ndustry, l.v.Pamana Pa|u, Sr.Genera|
Manager- Sa|es & Market|ng o PEBS
Pennar, one o the |ead|ng p|ayers |n
the |e|d, sa|d," The |ndustry has aced
a downturn|nthe prev|ous year |nware-
hous|ng segment and the current s|ug-
g|shness m|ght rema|n or the |rst two
quarters o the ca|endar year 2014, but
t wont be wrong to state that the
lnd|a growth story o the |ast two
ldecades has been about |mprov|ng
e|c|ency |n a|| |e|ds. The open|ng up
o the economy and the subsequent
entry o g|oba| |ndustr|a| g|ants, a|ong
w|th the|r proven management tech-
n|ques meant that lnd|an compan|es
too had to be on the|r toes |n order to
surv|ve |n an |ncreas|ng|y compet|t|ve
env|ronment. Perhaps, nowhere e|se
has th|s hea|thy trend v|s|b|e then |n the
case w|th supp|y cha|n management.
Gone are the days when supp|y cha|n
was usua||y v|ewed w|th |aund|ced eye
as someth|ng that wou|d eat up |nto a
companys revenue. The management
o today v|ews supp|y cha|n |nstead as
a pro|t dr|ver, someth|ng that w||| he|p |t
oer |ts customer w|th qu|cker access
to resher products and enhanced ser-
v|ce. Enab||ng them to oer th|s pack-
age are the newage warehouses.
The industry has faced a down
turn in the previous year in
warehousing segment and the
current sluggishness might
remain for the first two quarters
of the calendar year 2014, but
there are some signals of
optimism in the industrial front
later on
I.V. Ramana Raju
Sr.Genera| Manager- Sa|es & Market|ng,
PEBS Pennar
there are some s|gna|s o opt|m|sm |n
the |ndustr|a| ront |ater on." Desp|te the
recent s|owdown, warehous|ng cont|n-
ues to be the key ocus area o PEB
manuacturers. G|v|ng an |ns|ght |nto
the demand dr|vers, the spokesperson
o K|rby lnd|a, another top name |n ray,
exp|a|ned, "ln current market scenar|o,
more than 80% o warehouses are
be|ng bu||t w|th PEB wh|ch has taken
over rom the convent|ona| mode o
construct|on ma|n|y because o |ts var|-
ous advantages such as cost sav|ngs,
aster return on |nvestment, qu|cker
de||very, aster |nsta||at|on, s|ng|e source
respons|b|||ty, |ow ma|ntenance, |ex|-
b|||ty |n expans|on, earthquake res|stant,
super|or qua||ty, etc. wh|ch have become
v|ta| or any type o warehouse con-
struct|on".
The key term to be noted here |s
"cost sav|ngs", wh|ch has perhaps be-
come more re|evant |n todays scenar|o,
than dur|ng any other po|nt |n t|me |n
recent h|story. The act that the pre-en-
g|neered concept cou|d he|p urther
cut down on costs has been one o the
demand dr|vers or PEBs, part|cu|ar|y
|n the case o |ndustr|a| |oor shops and
warehouses. Pro|ect owners now have
the reedom to choose the des|gn,
deta|| and abr|cate a de|ned group o
standards or w|dths, he|ghts and |oad-
|ngs. Preabr|cated warehouses use pre-
c|se est|mat|ons based on computer
generated mode|s and ca|cu|at|ons
|ead|ng to no or very ||tt|e mater|a| wast-
age. The |abor demand on preabr|cated
meta| bu||d|ngs |s a|so |ess as most o
the bu||d|ngs come part|a||y constructed.
ln |ndustr|a| and commerc|a| scenar-
|os, preabr|cat|on o stee| a||ows, m|n|-
m|zat|on o on-s|te work|oad, s|nce a
ma|or|ty o work |s carry|ng out o-s|te,
e||m|nat|ng most o the on-s|te we|d|ng
and bo|t|ng o connect|ons, pre-as-
semb||ng o sma||er components, wh||e
a|so reduc|ng the number o on-s|te
||t|ng requ|rements. A|| th|s |eads to a
s|gn||cant cut |n pro|ect costs or deve-
|opers, a actor that has become so cru-
c|a| |n these days o econom|c uncer-
ta|nt|es.
CompleteSolutions
The grow|ng demand or ware-
hous|ng has resu|ted |n |ntense com-
pet|t|on |n the PEB |ndustry. Every |ead-
|ng p|ayer |s ocused on oer|ng a
who|e "package" cons|st|ng o the pro-
ducts p|us va|ue added serv|ces |n
order to make |nroads |nto the market.
A good examp|e |s ava||ab|e |n the orm
o PEBS Pennars product and ser-
v|ces. The company has executed sev-
era| |andmark PEB pro|ects. A good
examp|e |s a warehouse bu||d|ng or
lOT (lnd|an O|| Tank|ng) lnrastructure &
Energy Serv|ces Ltd, or ONGC OPAL,
w|th the |ength o the bu||d|ng be|ng
over 1km. Some o the other pro|ects
the company has been assoc|ated w|th
Warehouses const|tute a ma|or chunk o PEB pro|ects |n lnd|a
|nc|ude a warehouse spann|ng 31,000
sq.m near Thane, Maharashtra or a
|ead|ng German automob||e manuac-
turer, a 13,200 sq.m warehouse at
Mayasandra v|||age near Banga|ore
where Puma/DHL are the end-users, a
15,800 sq.m warehouse or gra|n stor-
age at Bund| d|str|ct, Pa|asthan, where
Food Corporat|on o lnd|a (FCl) |s the
end-user, etc, to ment|onon|y a ew.
K|rby lnd|a a|so oers a compre-
hens|ve range o PEB so|ut|ons or
warehous|ng needs. Accord|ng to the
spokesperson o the company, ware-
"The range of application of
pre-engineered building solu-
tions in airport cargo centers
and standalone cargo hubs and
distribution centers is huge.
Pre-engineered solutions used
in cargo and warehousing build-
ings offer limitless possibilities
to the end user. We at nterarch,
foresee tremendous opportuni-
ties ahead in this segment for
the large pre-engineered steel
building companies
Gautam Suri
CTO & Founder-D|rector, lnterarch
PEB: Warehous|ng
105
houses are |ncreas|ng|y address|ng
spec||c requ|rements or |ts customers
such as oer|ng bare storage, storage
w|th crane ac|||t|es, ood storage, stor-
age w|th mu|t|-|eve| stack|ng and open
storage. K|rby lnd|a on |ts part prov|des
a package so|ut|on or these types o
requ|rements w|th |ts new concept o
"Pack Supported Warehouses" based
on the end use o the part|cu|ar ware-
house. The company oers a w|de range
o meta| bu||d|ng components |nc|ud-
|ng, roo & wa|| pane|s, standard "P"
pane|s, stand|ng seam meta| roo pan-
e|s, gutters/downspouts, tr|m, |ash|ng,
pur||ns & g|rts, secondary cees, etc, to
ment|on on|y a ew, a|| o wh|ch p|ay a
key ro|e |n PEB execut|on. lt |s a|so the
name beh|nd the "Xpress Bu||d|ng" ||ne
o pre-eng|neered bu||d|ngs.
One more company oer|ng a com-
prehens|ve PEB so|ut|ons package |s
Zam|| Stee|. lt has been assoc|ated w|th
severa| prest|g|ous warehouse pro|ects.
The company oers a comprehens|ve
package o serv|ces wh|ch starts rom
eng|neer|ng, procurement, manuactur-
|ng and extends |nto |nsta||at|on a|ong
w|th supp||ed accessor|es. The com-
pany w|th |ts str|ngent qua||ty contro|
processes |s cons|dered a rontrunner
|nthe lnd|anPEB scene.
S|m||ar|y another manuacturer that
has made a mark w|th |ts PEB so|ut|ons
or warehouse needs |s lnterarch Bu||d-
|ng Products. ln recent t|mes, lnterarch
has de||vered a un|que mu|t|story ware-
house and cargo ac|||ty |n New De|h|
or De|h| Cargo Serv|ce Centre |n the
year 2011 at lGl A|rport New De|h|.
Accord|ng to the company, the pro|ect
was comp|eted |n 12 months, |n record
t|me rom des|gn|ng to erect|on accor-
d|ng to the company. Some o the other
pro|ects executed or ma|or warehous-
|ng compan|es |nc|ude by lnterarch
PEB: Warehous|ng
Modern warehouses are much more than |ust storage spaces
A PEBS Pennar warehouse pro|ect
"n current market scenario,
more than 80% of warehouses
are being built with PEB which
has taken over from the con-
ventional mode of construction
mainly because of its various
advantages such as cost sav-
ings, faster return on investment,
quicker delivery, faster installa-
tion, single source responsibil-
ity, low maintenance, flexibility
in expansion, earthquake resis-
tant, superior quality, etc. which
have become vital for any type
of warehouse construction
Spokesperson
K|rby lnd|a
|nc|ude, Conta|ner Corporat|on o lnd|a
Ltd., A S Cargo, Sae Express Pr|vate
Ltd., Star Track Term|na|s Pvt. Ltd,
amongst others. Other Pro|ects exe-
cuted or Manuacturers storage ac|||-
t|es |nc|ude: Ba|a| Auto Ltd, Hero
Honda Motors Ltd, lTC Ltd, Paan Eat-
ab|es Ltd, As|an Pa|nts etc. Ta|k|ng
about the poss|b|||t|es o PEBs |n |og|s-
t|cs and storage, Gautam Sur|, CTO &
Founder-D|rector o the company e|t
that |t was end|ess. "The range o app||-
cat|on o pre-eng|neered bu||d|ng so|u-
t|ons |n a|rport cargo centers and
standa|one cargo hubs and d|str|bu-
t|on centers |s huge. Pre-eng|neered
so|ut|ons used |n cargo and warehous-
|ng bu||d|ngs oer ||m|t|ess poss|b|||t|es
to the end user. We at lnterarch oresee
tremendous opportun|t|es ahead |n
th|s segment or the |arge pre-eng|-
neered stee| bu||d|ng compan|es," he
added, re|ect|ng the opt|m|sm preva-
|ent among topp|ayers |nthe |ndustry.
The company oers custom|zed
PEBs oer|ng advantages such as easy
|ntegrat|on o a|| trad|t|ona| construc-
t|on mater|a|s such as br|ckwork, g|az-
|ng, t|mber , etc, opt|m|zat|on |n accor-
dance w|th customer requ|rements,
add|t|on o canop|es as a d|rect cont|n-
uat|on o the roo||ne or at a |ower |eve|
w|th pos|t|ve or negat|ve roo s|opes,
add|t|on o parapets, part|a||y or com-
p|ete|y around the bu||d|ng, weather-
t|ght roo and wa|| cover|ngs w|th acce-
ssor|es or ma|ntenance-ree exter|ors
and opt|m|zed des|gn o stee| thereby
reduc|ng we|ght, wh||e meet|ng a|| de-
s|gnrequ|rements, among others.
A|so |n the ray |s Mu|t|co|or Stee|,
wh|ch oers a w|de range o PEB sys-
tems comp|ete w|th r|g|d rames, por-
ta|s, brac|ngs, pur||ns & g|rts roo|ng &
wa|| sheets w|th |ash|ng and accesso-
r|es. The company oers a w|de range
o products and serv|ces |n the doma|n
r|ght rom conceptua||zat|on to spec||-
cat|ons deve|opment, des|gn, eng|-
neer|ng, manuactur|ng, supp|y & |n-
sta||at|on o PEBs. Loya PEB |s another
we|| known company that oers a com-
prehens|ve range o so|ut|ons and has
been assoc|ated w|th severa| prest|-
g|ous PEB pro|ects around the country.
W|th the |ncrease |n demand or
PEBs |t wont come as a surpr|se | a
s|ew o g|oba| names were to enter the
lnd|anmarket |nthe next ewyears.
Cautious Optimism
The demand or warehouses |s r|s-
|ng exponent|a||y. The cont|nued |mpe-
tus be|ng prov|ded to the manuactur-
|ngsector, w|th the governments avowed
a|m o |ncreas|ng |ts contr|but|on to the
GDP rom the present 16% to about
25%|n the near uture has meant a spurt
|n |ndustr|a| parks |n the recent past.
The pushbe|ng g|vento |ndustr|a| corr|-
dor pro|ects, spec|a| econom|c zones
(SEZs) and Nat|ona| lnvestment and
Manuactur|ng Zones (NlMZs) |s a case
|n po|nt. Add|ng to the demand |s the
steady growth o the reta|| |ndustry, wh|ch
needs spec|a||zed stock keep|ng ac|||-
t|es. Wh||e there may have been a |u|| |n
recent t|mes, supp||ers are opt|m|st|c o
a turnaround soon. Summ|ng up the pre-
va|ent market sent|ments, Pamana Pa|u
o PEBSPennar po|nted out that, "wh||e
the genera| market s|owdown, |ncrease
|n |nput costs, h|gh |nterest rates, |ack o
support rom the government |n |nra-
structure growth, s|owness |n the auto
segment, etc, have aected the |ndus-
try to some extent, however, th|s |ooks
to be a temporary phase as thedemand
or PEBs w||| catch up soon". Th|s opt|-
m|sm|ssharedbya|most everyone |n the
|ndustry, who are watch|ng the chang-
|ng trends c|ose|y and com|ng out w|th
product and serv|ce oer|ngs, keep|ng
|n m|nd the un|que requ|rements o the
lnd|an market. Th|s prom|ses to be an
|nterest|ng growthstory.
PEB: Warehous|ng
The PEB concept has been ab|e to meet the exponent|a| demand or warehouses |n lnd|a |n recent t|mes
Automated warehouses wh|ch cou|d be the norm |n a coup|e o years t|me present a d|erent set o
cha||enge to PEB supp||ers
or a|| the mater|a|s rang|ng rom raw
mater|a|s to |n|shed goods spread over
ent|re manuactur|ng cyc|e.
ln ear||er days, warehouses were
bu||t w|th trad|t|ona| br|ck and mortar
construct|on. But w|ththe advent o sus-
ta|nab|e construct|on, Pre-Eng|neered
Stee| Bu||d|ngs (PEB) techno|ogy came
|nto ||me||ght |n the warehous|ng seg-
ment and K|rby Bu||d|ng Systems lnd|a
Ltd. (K|rby lnd|a) |s the torch bearer or
|ntroduc|ng th|s techno|ogy |n lnd|a.
K|rbys warehouse bu||d|ngs are cus-
tom|zed to meet the un|que demands
o thecustomers. Asaresu|t, todayK|rby
has become synonymous w|th PEB
warehousebu||d|ngs|nthelnd|anmarket.
Cha||enges do rema|n as modern
warehous|ng and |og|st|c parks are st|||
at nascent stageo deve|opment |nlnd|a
w|th the growth potent|a| o warehous-
|ng |ndustry be|ng very huge due to
ex|st|ng demand-supp|y gap. lnd|an
Government |s a|sop|ay|ngacruc|a| ro|e
he lnd|an economy has seen ser-
v|ces sector grow rap|d|y over the
|ast decade w|th percentage share T
o agr|cu|ture and manuactur|ng drop-
p|ngcons|derab|y. But open|ngupo the
economy and a number o mu|t|-
nat|ona|s p|ann|ng to set up the|r ac|||-
t|es to target the rap|d|y grow|ng lnd|an
consumer demand or d|erent products
has resu|ted |n g|v|ng a boost to the
manuactur|ng sector. Th|s has a|so
resu|ted |n deve|opment o back end
|nrastructure wh|ch cons|sts o ware-
hous|ng segment.
Warehous|ng |ndustry orms an|nte-
gra| part o |og|st|cs segment wh|ch a|so
|nvo|ves cargo hand||ng, transportat|on
and other serv|ces. Most o the |ead|ng
corporates are sett|ng up warehouses
across d|erent reg|ons o lnd|a to cater
to grow|ng needs o lnd|an consumers
as andwhenrequ|red. They havebecome
a centra| part o unct|on or many |n-
dustr|es as they act as a storage p|ace
by promot|ngthe warehous|ngsegment
through spec|a| tax bene|ts and other
|ncent|ves and promot|ng FDl and s|gn-
|ng trade agreements.
Th|s has enab|ed PEB techno|ogy
to become one o the preerred modes
o construct|on or warehouses be|ng
sett|ng up across lnd|a. Th|s erstwh||e
concept |n lnd|a has now become a
w|de|y accepted so|ut|on w|th proven
bene|ts or construct|on |n the lnd|an
env|ronment. A|so w|theco r|end|y con-
struct|on ast catch|ng up the growth
curve |n the lnd|an market, PEB |s the
most v|ab|e construct|on so|ut|on as |t
|s a green product w|th very ||tt|e |mpact
on the env|ronment. PEB |s a|so perect
|t or deve|op|ng warehous|ng s|tes
becauseo therecyc|ab|enatureo stee|
used |n the bu||d|ngs. K|rby a|ready
des|gns bu||d|ngs that meet the green
bu||d|ng and eco r|end|y construct|on
norms.
Most o the warehouses are stan-
PEB: Warehous|ng
1o|emous|mg
-ey lo |mo|o's O|owlm
dard box type bu||d|ngs as the des|gn
o any warehousetota||y dependsonthe
storage requ|rements. K|rby has a|ways
takencareo a|| theserequ|rementsr|ght
beore start|ng the des|gn o the bu||d-
|ng. A|so, the trends |n techno|ogy a|ong
w|th|nnovat|ons are urther g|v|ng |mpe-
tus to the PEB techno|ogy |n the ware-
hous|ng segment.
Need or |arge sca|e warehous|ng
|s ast catch|ng up|nlnd|a as |t |s most|y
ragmented and unorgan|sed |ndustry
dom|nated by many sma|| p|ayers. Th|s
w||| enab|e compan|es to have |arger
warehouses supp|y|ng the d|str|butors
|n the reg|on, thereby enab||ng them to
|nvest |n better warehous|ng |nrastruc-
ture and techno|ogy wh|ch w||| |ead to
|ncreas|ngdemandor PEB. Thedemand
or modern warehouses w|th the |n|ux
o mu|t|nat|ona| compan|es or manu-
acturers over the |ast decade has
|ncreased tremendous|y wh|ch has
attracted many pr|vate equ|ty |rms to
|nvest |nthe warehouse |nrastructure.
Log|st|cs and warehouse |ndustry
|s soon expected to grow at a CAGP o
12-13 per cent or next 3 to 5 years and
the market |s expected to growbecause
o demand rom |mporters and export-
ers or spec|a||zed serv|ces and cus-
tom-bu||t warehouses. Thetota| |og|st|cs
market accounts or over 6.2%o lnd|as
GDP and warehous|ng accounts or
approx|mate|y 20% o the tota| lnd|an
|og|st|cs |ndustry. But |ack o modern
warehouses and |ne|c|ent |nrastruc-
ture andsupp|y cha|nmanagement have
|ed to heavy |osses |n b||||ons due to
tonnes o ood gra|ns |y|ng |nrottencon-
d|t|onover the |ast decade.
Current|y, lnd|a has more than 2,000
m||||on square eet o warehous|ngspace
out o wh|ch on|y 8% approx|mate|y |s
accounted by organ|zed sector and the
rest by unorgan|zed sector cons|st|ng
o 3PL, |nd|v|dua|s, etc. lncurrent market
scenar|o, morethan80%o warehouses
are be|ngbu||t w|th PEBwh|ch has taken
over the convent|ona| mode o con-
struct|on ma|n|y because o |ts var|ous
advantages suchas cost sav|ngs, aster
return on |nvestment, qu|cker de||very,
aster |nsta||at|on, s|ng|e source res-
pons|b|||ty, |owma|ntenance, |ex|b|||ty |n
expans|on, earthquake res|stant, supe-
r|or qua||ty, etc. wh|ch have become v|ta|
or anytypeo warehouseconstruct|on.
Warehouses are |ncreas|ng|y
address|ng spec||c requ|rements or
|ts customers suchas oer|ng bare stor-
age, storage w|th crane ac|||t|es, ood
storage, storage w|th mu|t|-|eve| stack-
|ng and open storage. K|rby lnd|a pro-
v|des a package so|ut|on or these types
o requ|rements w|th |ts newconcept o
Pack Supported Warehouses based
on the end use o that warehouse. lt |s
the on|y p|ayer to oer such packaged
requ|rement and has a|ready supp||ed
such bu||d|ngs to |ead|ng |og|st|c com-
pan|es. K|rby |s present |n both |n PEB
and Storage So|ut|ons and |t becomes
strateg|c or the company to prov|de
end to end so|ut|on or |ncreas|ng
demand or such type o requ|rements
|nthe market.
PEB techno|ogy has become the
centre o attract|on across lnd|a espe-
The tota| |og|st|cs market accounts or over 6.2% o lnd|as GDP and warehous|ng accounts or
approx|mate|y 20% o the tota| lnd|an |og|st|cs |ndustry.
Current|y, lnd|a has more than 2,000 m||||on square eet o warehous|ng space out o wh|ch on|y 8%
approx|mate|y |s accounted by organ|zed sector
PEB: Warehous|ng
c|a||y |n the Agro and Food &Beverages
|ndustr|es due to ser|es o measures
announced by the government to pro-
v|de proper warehous|ng and co|d stor-
ageac|||t|es or ru|ts &vegetab|es, ood
gra|ns, etc. Lack o temperature con-
tro||ed warehouses c|ose to arms and
transportat|on o same |n temperature
contro||ed veh|c|es has become a ma|or
concern as they preserve the qua||ty,
|ntegr|ty and |ongev|ty o the product.
Th|s has g|ven huge opportun|ty to
|og|st|c p|ayers to set up temperature
contro||ed warehouses or co|d storages
as the |ndustry |s est|mated to growrap-
|d|y at 26% compounded annua||y t|||
2017. Th|s w||| g|ve urther boost to the
PEB techno|ogy as the bu||d|ng part o
these co|d storages can be done by th|s
techno|ogy. Other |ndustry segments
wh|ch are ma|or dr|vers beh|nd growth
o warehous|ng |ndustry |nc|ude FMCG,
Pharmaceut|ca|s, etc.
K|rby has a|ready executed such
typeo warehousesand|s|ntheprocess
o creat|ng a separate packaged so|u-
t|on c|t|ng the |ncreas|ng demand or
co|d storages. A we|| ma|nta|ned ware-
house a|so |ncreases the ||e o the
product and PEB techno|ogy acts as a
ma|or contr|butor to th|s because o |ts
env|ronmenta| r|end|y nature apart rom
the temperature contro| env|ronment.
Most o the modern warehouses com|ng
upnowadays have mu|t|-purpose unc-
t|ona||ty |.e. they can ma|nta|n var|ous
temperature |eve|s at the same t|me or
d|erent var|ety o products as a|| the
temperature contro||ed warehouses or
co|d cha|ns bu||t over 4-5 decades back
does not have th|s ac|||ty.
K|rby Bu||d|ng Systems |s one o the
|argest PEB compan|es |n the wor|d
and |s a 100 per cent subs|d|ary o
A|ghan|m lndustr|es, a Kuwa|t-based
mu|t|-b||||on do||ar cong|omerate, w|th
more than 30 bus|nesses andoperat|ons
|n 40 countr|es. K|rby has an annua|
capac|ty o 400,000 metr|c tonnes or
produc|ng h|gh qua||ty pre eng|neered
stee| bu||d|ngsw|thp|ants|nKuwa|t, AE,
v|etnamand lnd|a. K|rby |ntroduced PEB
|n lnd|a, and |s the market |eader w|th
two p|ants |n lnd|a o tota| annua|
capac|ty o 200,000 metr|c tonnes. ln
the past decade, K|rby lnd|a has exe-
cuted over 4,500 pro|ects, |nvo|v|ng
15,000 bu||d|ngs spread over an area
o 22 m||||on square meters. The com-
pany has a|so executed more than 420
|akh square eet o warehouses across
lnd|a and the count cont|nues t||| date.
The company has the pr|v||ege o
partner|ngwhos whoo corporates both
rom nat|ona| and |nternat|ona| ront
operat|ng across a|| |ndustry segments
by sett|ng up the|r ac|||t|es |n lnd|a and
across the g|obe. To name a ew, K|rby
lnd|a has beenassoc|ated w|thcompa-
n|es such as lTC Ltd, Shree Shubham
Log|st|cs, Prasad Seeds, vPL Log|st|cs,
lndoSpace Log|st|cs, Maa Ambe Ware-
hous|ng, McCa|n Foods, Tata Group,
Pe||ance lndustr|es, H|ndustan n||ever,
BMW, B|r|a Tyres, P|pavav Sh|pyard, L&T,
Peps|co, Coca-Co|a, Procter &Gamb|e,
Dabur lnd|a, JSW Stee|, Gat|, Mah|ndra
& Mah|ndra, Honda Express Log|st|cs,
M||estone Bu||dwe||, Soma Enterpr|se,
Puch| Group, Ja|nlrr|gat|on, SEL Manu-
actur|ng, v|deocon, Shree Penuka
Sugars, Apo||o Tyres, B|har State Ware-
hous|ng Corporat|on, Karnataka State
Warehous|ng Corporat|on, Centra|
Warehous|ng Corporat|on, etc., many
entrepreneurs & |nd|v|dua|s and th|rd
party p|ayers.
To conc|ude, K|rby |s the on|y PEB
manuacturer |n lnd|a that |s capab|e o
supp|y|ng a packaged so|ut|on or a||
warehouse requ|rements ma|nta|n|ng
|nternat|ona| qua||ty standards. Today,
K|rby has become a gener|c name |n
the PEB market |n lnd|a and has ma|n-
ta|ned |ts market |eadersh|p through |ts
|nnovat|on and vast exper|ence. lts
bu||d|ngs have stood the test o t|me,
t|me and aga|n aga|nst a|| odds man-
made and natura|.
K|rby lnd|a has executed over 4,500 pro|ects, |nvo|v|ng 15,000 bu||d|ngs spread over
an area o 22 m||||on square meters.
A we|| ma|nta|ned warehouse a|so |ncreases the ||e o the product and PEB techno|ogy acts as a ma|or
contr|butor to th|s because o |ts env|ronmenta| r|end|y nature apart rom the temperature contro| env|ronment.
PEB: Warehous|ng
Equ|pment: Focus
he |nrastructure deve|opment
spree that lnd|a has embarked
Tuponhas meant aboonor equ|p-
ment manuacturers. Wh||e the growth
story o the lnd|an construct|on equ|p-
ment |ndustry has been we|| document,
not much has been wr|tten about |nra-
structure ma|ntenance equ|pment. A
good examp|e |s ava||ab|e |n the orm
o road c|ean|ng and sweep|ng equ|p-
ment. They are now gradua||y becom-
|ng a am|||ar s|ght across lnd|an c|t|es.
Factors such as the |ncreased s|ze and
network o roads and the shortage o
|abour has meant that c|v|c author|t|es
are now |ncreas|ng|y dependent on
mechan|zat|on to ba|| themout. ln came
equ|pment |nc|ud|ng, mechan|zed dra|n
c|eaners, garbage co||ect|on trucks and
road c|ean|ng equ|pment or the|r he|p.
lt was not smooth sa|||ngor th|s type
o equ|pment rom the beg|nn|ng. Cost
actor was |n|t|a||y a h|ndrance or sa|es.
However, th|ngs have taken a turn or
the better now. Th|s |s because most o
the work o mun|c|pa| corporat|ons |s
outsourced to pr|vate contractors, who
have rea||zed that the h|gh |n|t|a| |nvest-
ment on equ|pment w||| be oset by the
|ong term sav|ngs these mach|nes he|p
them to make.
W|th lnd|a embark|ng on an amb|-
t|ous p|an or deve|opment o roads
and h|ghways, |t was on|y a matter o
t|me beore mechan|zed equ|pment
spec||ca||y meant or keep|ng them
c|ean h|t the market. A |ob that was t|||
nowbe|ng done manua||y by |abourers
has now been gradua||y transerred to
these mach|nes. Tractor towed mode|s,
w|th a sweep|ng capac|ty o 5-7 kms/hr
|s a common s|ght |n many lnd|an c|t|es
now. These mode|s have a|so hydrau||c
system |ncorporated |n them to enab|e
un|oad|ng and empty|ng o the co||ec-
t|on conta|ners. Advanced mode|s
|nc|ude chass|s mounted se| con-
ta|ned vacuum sweepers, that are usu-
a||y powered by d|ese| eng|ne capac|ty
rang|ng rom 5 to 6.5 cub|c metre
capac|ty. vacuum sweeper mode|s are
0ood CIeoning quipment:
^m |~e|g|mg |qu|p~eml \o|-el 3eg~eml
w|lm uge O|owlm -oleml|o|
|dea||y su|ted or sweep|ng o roads
and h|ghways. These compact veh|c|es
are a|so easy to maneuver mak|ng them
|dea||y su|ted or even the narrow by
|anes, wh|ch are typ|ca||y ound |n many
lnd|anc|t|es.
EvolvingMarket
W|th |nrastructure ma|ntenance
gradua||y becom|ng a ocus area, c|v|c
author|t|es and |arge townsh|p deve|-
opers are now |ncreas|ng|y dependent
on spec|a||zed road c|ean|ng equ|pment.
Th|s demand has meant that s|ow|y,
but sure|y, there has been a spurt |n the
number o manuacturers and supp||-
ers oer|ng th|s type o spec|a||zed
mach|nery |nthe country.
One company that has carved a
n|che or |tse| |n the |e|d o |ndustr|a|
c|ean|ng, Poots Mu|t|c|ean, oers |ts
"C|tyc|eaner" range o road sweep|ng
equ|pment. The range cons|sts o pop-
u|ar mode|s |nc|ud|ng the PSB 6000,
PSP 6000 and Hako C|ty Master 1250.
The PSB 6000 mode| comes w|th 6
cub|cmetresdebr|shopper capac|ty, and
a 1000 ||tres water tank. Other sa||ent
eatures o the mode| |nc|ude |arge s|de
broom w|th |ex|b|e head, water |et or
dust suppress|on, suct|on ports and
hopper dump|ng. The PSP 6000 a|so
comes w|th a 6 cub|c metre hopper
capac|ty. The Hako C|tyMaster 1250
mode| |s acompact sweeper or mun|c|-
pa| c|ean|ng, w|th grounds and w|nter
ma|ntenance opt|ons. The mode| |s
des|gned or h|gh maneuverab|||ty even
|n the most con|ned o spaces. lt ea-
tures a we|| des|gned cab wh|ch oers
a perect v|ewo the work area.
Another company that has made a
name or |tse| |n th|s spec|a||zed ||ne |s
Kam Av|da Env|ro Eng|neers. Apart
rom |ts range o road c|ean|ng equ|p-
ment, KamAv|daa|sooersaw|derange
o sewageanddra|nagec|ean|ngequ|p-
ment too. The companys w|de range o
road c|ean|ng equ|pment |nc|udes
mode|s such as Kamsweep 3AT,
Kamsweep 400T, Johnston CN101,
and Johnson vT 650. The Kamsweep
3AT |s an attachment mechan|ca|
sweeper wh|ch |s powered by tractor
hydrau||cs and |s capab|e o a sweep-
|ng capac|ty o 5-7 kms/hr. Kamsweep
400T |s a tractor towed se| conta|ned
vacuum sweeper powered by a 75 hp
d|ese| eng|ne o 4 cub|c metre capac-
|ty. The Johnston CN 101 mode| |s de-
s|gned or exce||ent maneuverab|||ty
and |s su|tab|e or both mun|c|pa| and
C|v|c author|t|es are push|ng the demand or spec|a||zed road c|ean|ng equ|pment |n lnd|a
The demand or road sweep|ng mach|nes
|s expected to |ncrease exponent|a||y |n the near uture
pr|vate use. The Johnson vT 650 |s a
chass|s mounted se| conta|ned vac-
uum sweeper powered by a 75 hp d|e-
se| eng|ne o e|ther 5 cub|c metre or 6.5
cub|c metre capac|ty. The mach|ne
comes w|th a sweep|ng capac|ty o 5-7
kms/hr w|th hydrau||c un|oad|ng o the
co||ect|onhopper.
Equ|pment: Focus
115
The narrowroads that are so typ|ca|
o lnd|an c|t|es and towns have meant
that manuacturers are des|gn|ng road
sweep|ng equ|pment that oers exce|-
|ent maneuverab|||ty. Du|evo lnd|a , wh|ch
|s a subs|d|ary o Du|evo SpA, lta|y, a
g|oba| |eader |n |ndustr|a| and road
c|ean|ng equ|pment, or |nstance oers
a range o mach|nes that |s des|gned
or easy maneuverab|||ty , apart rom
oer|ng a very |ow per k||ometer
sweep|ng cost. lts range |nc|udes the
850 M|n|, w|th a scrubb|ng w|dth o up
to 160 cm. The range a|so |nc|udes the
Du|evo Commando mode|, wh|ch oers
exce||ent sweep|ng capac|ty o upto 12
km/h and|s a|so |dea||y su|tedor mane-
uverab|||ty |n t|ght spaces. The Du|evo
200 Quattro |s a med|ums|zed sweeper
|dea| or c|ean|ng o |arge areas. The
Du|evo 5000 Evo|ut|on |s the |argest
mach|ne |n |ts range, |dea||y su|ted or
da||y road sweep|ng |npub||c areas.
Another |ead|ng p|ayer |n ray |s TPS
lnrastructure w|th |ts range o road
sweep|ng mach|nes. One o |ts popu|ar
mode|s |s the 5000 SP road sweep|ng
mach|nes. The|r conta|ner capac|ty ran-
ges rom 2000 ||tres up to 5500 ||tres.
The company a|so oers r|de on
sweep|ng mach|nes w|th conta|ner
capac|ty rang|ng rom 160 ||tres up to
800 ||tres. Truck mounted sweep|ng
mach|nes |s another product oer|ng
rom the company. These mach|nes
have been deve|oped to su|t the h|gh
dust |oads on lnd|an roads , as we|| as
h|gh temperatures preva|ent dur|ng
summers |nlnd|a.
Excellent Potential
The uture or spec|a||zed road
c|ean|ng equ|pment |ooks br|ght |n-
deed w|th c|v|c author|t|es and pro|ect
deve|opers a|| over the country |ook|ng
at mechan|zed so|ut|ons to speed up
ma|ntenance work. G|oba| |eaders |nthe
manuacture o th|s equ|pment are now
|ook|ng to enter the |ucrat|ve lnd|anmar-
ket. ln a s|tuat|on where mun|c|pa| au-
thor|t|es, across the country have been
stretched to the ||m|t due to |ncreased
work |oad, the advent o equ|pment
meant exc|us|ve|y or the c|v|c sector
has come as we|come news. Large
sca|e |ndustr|a| parks and |ntegrated
townsh|ps too have been actors that
have been dr|v|ng up the demand or
spec|a||zed road c|ean|ng equ|pment.
Th|s |s one part|cu|ar equ|pment mar-
ket segment wh|ch |s a|| set or a per|od
o rap|d growth|nthe near uture.
Compact mach|nes that are
easy to maneuver have huge
market potent|a| |n lnd|a, where
narrow by|anes are the norm
Severa| g|oba| p|ayers are eye|ng the grow|ng
lnd|an road c|ean|ng equ|pment market
Equ|pment: Focus
PS lnrastructure |s one o lnd|as
|ead|ng eng|neer|ng equ|pment
manuacturers. The lSO9001-2008 T
cert||ed organ|zat|on manuactures a
w|de range o equ|pment |nc|ud|ng, so||d
waste management- mun|c|pa| waste
co||ect|on and transportat|on veh|c|es/
equ|pment, sewer ||ne/storm water dra|ns
ma|ntenance equ|pment , mechan|zed
road c|ean|ng equ|pment, and a range o
equ|pment or the |nrastructure sector
cater|ng to cement p|ants, stee| p|ants,
m|nes, meta||ur|g|ca| p|ants, ports, etc.
TPS lnrastructure |s known or |ts
strong P&D ocus, a actor that has
enab|ed |t to br|ng out |atest mode|s o
equ|pment, keep|ng |n tune w|th chang|ng
requ|rements, at regu|ar |nterva|s o t|me.
The companys products are recogn|zed
|nternat|ona||y or the|r prec|se des|gn,
env|ronment-r|end|y eatures, durab|||ty,
power, ue| e|c|ency and super|or peror-
mance. Prompt ater-market serv|ces are
another key actor that has prope||ed the
remarkab|egrowthstory o the company.
RoadCleaningEquipment
TPS lnrastructure |s cons|dered an
|ndustry |eader |n road sweep|ng/ c|ean-
|ng equ|pment. lts road c|ean|ng equ|p-
ment |s much sought ater by c|v|c author|-
t|es and pr|vate deve|opers. lts qua||ty
range |nc|udes:-
- Truck Mounted Poad Sweep|ng
Mach|nes: These mach|nes are capa-
b|e o sweep|ng dusty mun|c|pa|
roads and |ndustr|a| areas. These
mach|nes are spec|a||y des|gned or
tte||mg o Quo||ly omge ot -o||ul|om
Coml|o| & C|v|c ^pp||col|om |qu|p~eml
operat|ng |n the trop|ca| c||mat|c con-
d|t|ons o As|a. The equ|pment |s ab|e
to carry out sweep|ng operat|ons |n
dry-mode w|thout the neccess|ty o
spray|ng water on the road surace.
Th|s |s poss|b|e because o the spe-
c|a| Bag F||ters |n the mach|nes or
separat|ng dust rom the a|r stream
beore be|ng exhausted |n the atmo-
sphere. TPS lnrastructure |s one o
the ew compan|es |nternat|ona||y to
produce suchmach|nes.
- Se| - Pr ope| | ed D| ese| Eng| ne
Operated Sweep|ng Mach|ne: These
mach|nes have a conta|ner vo|ume o
5000 ||tres. The mach|nes oered by
the company are cons|dered among
the most versat||e and e|c|ent
mach|ne ava||ab|e o |ts type |n the
|nternat|ona| market.
range o so||d waste management waste
co||ect|on and transportat|on equ|pment
|n techn|ca| co||aborat|on w|th M/s
Stummer Eurowaren, Austr|a. The
mach|nes are known or the|r super|or
des|gn and techno|ogy. These types o
equ|pment are be|ng w|de|y used by c|v|c
author|t|es |nlnd|a.
The equ|pment |n the range |nc|udes
the o||ow|ng:-
- Truck Mounted Peuse Compactor
veh|c|es (6 to 20 cu.m capac|ty) and
1100 ||tres and 3.5 cu.m capac|ty cov-
eredGarbageCo||ect|onB|ns.
- Truck Mounted Hook Loader equ|p-
ment and Po||-on-Po||-o Garbage
Conta|ners o 20 cu. m capac|ty.
- Truck Mounted Sk|p Loader w|th
GarbageConta|nero 3-6cu.mcapac|ty.
- Mob||e Waste Co||ect|on veh|c|es/
T|ppers onTATAAce andthree-whee|er
auto or door to-door co||ect|ono gar-
bage.
- So||d Waste Transer Stat|on or han-
d||ng 200-600 tongarbage per day.
- So||d Waste Sort|ng P|ants.
Truck Mounted Poad Sweep|ng Mach|nes
Se| Prope||ed Poad Sweep|ng Mach|ne
- P|de-on Type Sweep|ng Mach|nes:
These mach|nes are oered |n con-
ta|ner vo|umes o 400 ||tres and 800
||res. The mach|nes are h|gh|y maneu-
verab|e, as the comp|ete dr|ve, steer-
|ng, etc, are hydrostat|c. They are typ|-
ca||y used |n narrowstreets where truck
mounted mode|s cannot trave|.
The companys range o mach|nes or
the |nrastructure sector |nc|udes:-
- Heavy duty |ndustr|a| vacuumc|ean|ng
and recovery systems
- Dust suppress|onsystems
- Cement bu|k carr|ers
- Spec|a| purpose equ|pment or a|u-
m|n|um |ndustry
TPS lnrastructure manuacturers |ts
P|de on Sweep|ng Mach|ne
TPS nfrastructure Limited
84, M B|ock Commerc|a| Comp|ex,
Greater Ka||ash-ll, New
De|h| - 110048. lnd|a
Ph: 91-11-29214007
Fax: 91 -11-29216856
E-ma||: tps_tpsmg.com
Web: www.tpsmg.com
lnteract|on
po||o lnratech has been a
rontrunner |n the construct|on
equ|pment |ndustry |n lnd|a or a A
|ong t|me now. The company d|sp|ayed
|ts w|de range o products dur|ng the
recent|y conc|uded Excon 2013 con-
struct|on equ|pment trade showhe|d at
Benga|uru. Speak|ng exc|us|ve|y to The
Masterbu||der, M|tu| Pate|, Manag|ng
D|rector o the company, gave deta||s
about the newproduct |aunches dur|ng
the event. Here are excerpts rom the
|nterv|ew.
Since howlong have you been partici-
patinginExcon?
Apo||o lnratech has been part|c|-
pat|ng |nEXCON s|nce 2009.
What motivated you to participate in
this edition of Excon? Have you laun-
chedany newproducts inthis event?
Excon be|ng the one o the b|ggest
tradeshow or our k|nd o |ndustry
backed by none other than Cll. Th|s
mot|vates us to part|c|pate every t|me.
A|so, |t has earned a g|oba| reputat|on
and one expects qua||ty oota||s rom
a|| across the wor|d.
We have |aunched |rst-ever lnd|a
made CAPMlX se| |oad|ng m|xer and
a|ong w|th that we have a|so announ-
ced the |aunch o a new company
Apo||o Carm|x Equ|pments Pvt. Ltd. a
Jv between Apo||o lnratech Pr|vate
L|m|ted and Carm|x lta|y |n th|s ed|t|on
o Excon.
Onemore|mportant anda|ong-term
announcement was a|so made at
EXCON 13 and that was o announc|ng
Apo||o lnratech Group. W|th 5 b|g |nter-
nat|ona| brands (HawkeyePedershaab,
Carm|x, Sp|ro||, MBK&Apo||o o course),
and 3 ||m|ted compan|es |nc|ud|ng 2
|~p|ess|ve O|owlm 3lo|y Coml|mues
Jvs (Apo||o lnratech Pr|vate L|m|ted,
Apo||o HawkeyePedershaab Concrete
Techno|og|es Pr|vate L|m|ted & Apo||o
Carm|x Equ|pments Pvt. Ltd.), Apo||o
lnratech has become a group thats
grow|ng at a steady pace, even |n the
t|mes o econom|c depress|on.
Your batch mixing plants are amongst
the preferred choice of contractors.
What makes themsodistinguished?
Certa|n equ|pments get reputat|on
ater successu| unct|on|ng at not |ust
one, but numerous |ocat|ons and the
co||ect|ve pos|t|ve v|be o th|s sort cre-
ates an env|ronment o trust. S|ow|y more
and more |o|n the success saga by opt-
|ng or the same. Apo||o batch|ng p|ants
have ga|ned the|r reputat|on|nth|s ash-
|on.
Apo||o lnratech has never com-
prom|sed |n the qua||ty o mater|a| and
components requ|red to manuacture
|ts p|ants. lt has one o the |argest and
most soph|st|cated manuactur|ng un|ts
|n lnd|a. Now w|th techno|og|ca| sup-
port o var|ous |nternat|ona| concrete
equ|pment manuacturers, Apo||o
lnratech Group |s po|sed to ga|n more
respectab|||ty |nthe market.
Apo||o Carm|x 25FX
Mr. M|tu| Pate| MD o Apo||o lnratech D|scuss|on w|th the Jv Partners
Apollo nffratech also manufacturers
hollowcore slab making machines and
self loading mixers? How is the mar-
ket responsefor theseproducts?
Both the products have huge mar-
ket potent|a| but at d|erent |eve|s. As ar
as the se| |oad|ng m|xer |s concerned,
Carm|x |sabrandthatstrusted|naround
140 countr|es. lts |dea| or sma|| con-
tractors and/or sma|| pro|ects.
Wh||e Sp|ro|| Ho||ow core S|ab
Mak|ng Mach|nes have a comp|ete|y
d|erent market potent|a|. lts the uture
o construct|on |n lnd|a. Because the k|nd
o vo|ume that lnd|a needs to generate
|n |nrastructure |ndustry, readymade
ho||ow core s|abs are the on|y answer
or speedy construct|on. And Apo||o |s
u||y geared upor the same.
Are you happy with the response at
Excon2013?
lt was a m|xed response. We d|dnt
see v|s|tors |n great numbers. And thats
not our au|t. Cll must have pub||c|zed
the event we||. But whoever v|s|tedus we
cou|d conv|nce h|m/her to the best o
our ab|||ty.
We hope that by the next ed|t|on our
|ndustry |s out o recess|on and Excon
2015 becomes a greater success.

Apollo nffratech Private Limited
Ahmedabad-Mehsana State H|ghway,
v|||age: Pa|pur 382 715, Ta|uka: Kad|,
D|st: Mehsana, Gu|arat
E-ma||: sa|es_apo||o|nratech.com
Web: www.apo||o|nratech.com
Apo||o Sta|| at EXCON 2013
lnteract|on
ewSluoy s~ys 0:ee:~:o:ysl~s ~:e~s Touq~s Slee
A research by a team o sc|ent|sts |n the S has ound that the
ce||u|ose Nanocrysta|s wh|ch coner p|ants w|th the|r structura|
res|||ence possess remarkab|e propert|es wh|ch w||| strong|y avour
the|r usage |nthe deve|opment o newb|o-mater|a|s.
A paper deta|||ng the resu|ts o the|r research pub||shed |n the
December |ssue o Ce||u|ose c|a|ms the use o soph|st|cated
mode|||ng methods has determ|ned that ce||u|ose Nanocrysta|s
possess a|| the toughness o stee|. The paper was |o|nt|y authored
by Fernando L. Dr|, a Purdue doctora| student, Lou|s G. Hector J., a
researcher rom Genera| Motors Chem|ca| Sc|ences and Mater|a|
Systems Laboratory, Pobert J. Moon, a researcher rom the S
Forest Serv|ces Forest Products Laboratory, and Pab|o D.
Zavatt|er|, a Purdue n|vers|ty ass|stant proessor o c|v||
eng|neer|ng. The|r research |nvo|ved the use o prec|s|on mode|s o
the atom|c structure o ce||u|ose |n tandem w|th quantum
mechan|cs to pred|ct the phys|ca| propert|es o ce||u|ose
Nanocrysta|s. Th|s method was necess|tated by the nano sca|e o
the crysta|s, the qua||t|es o wh|ch are extreme|y d||cu|t to ascerta|n
v|a measurement or observat|ondue to the|r |ncred|b|y sma|| s|ze.
Ce||u|ose nanocrysta|s are typ|ca||y on|y three nanometres |n w|dth
and 500 nanometres |ong rough|y a thousandth the span o a gra|n
o sand. Th|s means they cannot be adequate|y observed us|ng
||ght m|croscopes as we|| as most other orms o sc|ent||c
equ|pment. The mode|||ng method app||ed by the sc|ent|sts ound
that ce||u|ose crysta|s possess a st|ness o 206 g|gapasca|s a
|eve| wh|ch|s equ|va|ent to the strengtho stee|. The d|scovery o th|s
remarkab|e phys|ca| property has the potent|a| to expand the gamut
o app||cat|ons or greenb|o-mater|a|s based uponp|ant ce||u|ose.
Ce||u|ose nanocrysta|s cou|d be used |n ||eu o carbon nanotubes
as a greener means o strengthen|ng mater|a|s such as po|ymers
and concrete.The|r sheer ub|qu|ty |n the natura| wor|d makes them a
cheap and access|b|e base mater|a| ce||u|ose can be der|ved rom
a broad range o organ|sms, |nc|ud|ng p|ants, trees, a|gae and
certa|n types o bacter|a. Ce||u|ose nanocrysta|s a|so possess the
added advantages o be|ng as |nherent|y carbon-neutra| and as
b|odegradab|e as the sources rom wh|chthey are der|ved.
crated by sk|||ed art|sans who weave
bew|tch|ng|y |ntr|cate patterns and tex-
tures rom spoo|s o sta|n|ess stee|,
copper, or brass.
The decorat|ve and unct|ona| prop-
ert|es o creat|veWEAvE were d|scov-
ered |ust about twenty years ago. Th|s
was a |andmark event |n the |e|d o
arch|tecture and des|gn. The success
story began w|th the B|b||otheque
Nat|ona|e de France pro|ect |n Par|s
w|th GKD Germany. For the |rst t|me,
GKD deve|oped a range o poss|b|e
app||cat|ons or the mater|a| together
w|th renowned arch|tect Dom|n|que
Perrau|t. S|nce then, GKD has cont|nued
th|s success |n more and more areas o
app||cat|on wor|dw|de. GKDs|ncred|b|y
|nnovat|ve |deas and the qua||ty o the
creat|veWEAvE are based on decades
o exper|ence |n manuactur|ng techn|-
KDlnd|a Ltd. |s the |ead|ng pro-
ducer o techn|ca| woven
Gmeshes made o sta|n|ess stee|
or arch|tectura| purposes, the company
w|th |ts state- o- the- art manuactur|ng
un|t |ocated |nJa|pur, Pa|asthan.
GKD, the techno|og|ca| trendsetter
|s the |rst manuacturer |n lnd|a o h|gh-
est qua||ty woven sta|n|ess stee| arch|-
tectura| meshes "creat|veWEAvE",
app||cab|e to both exter|or and |nter|or
app||cat|ons. W|th over 85 years o Ger-
man eng|neer|ng as the|r back|ng,
GKD |s the p|oneer o creat|veWEAvE
|n lnd|a and has been assoc|ated w|th
some o the top arch|tects |n lnd|a. The
company has worked on some o the
most prest|g|ous pro|ects such as
B|r|a Headquarters - Mumba| (externa|
aade), C|sco - Benga|uru (lndoor
a|se part|t|on), Yamuna Stad|um - New
De|h| (externa| aade) and Hyatt
Pegency Hote| - De|h| (|n|||) among
many. GKD has a u||-|edged |n-house
team that he|ps the arch|tect des|gn
and p|anw|thass|stance onshopdraw-
|ngs and tra|n|ng to contractors or the
|nsta||at|on o the mesh to make sure
there |s no comprom|se |n the qua||ty or
aesthet|cs, wh||e a|so ensur|ng exce|-
|ent unct|ona| propert|es. GKD lnd|a
a|so undertakes the |nsta||at|on and
superv|s|oncontracts or |ts c||ents.
W|th creat|veWEAvEs dens|ty and
stab|||ty the mesh can c|ad even the
|argest suraces |n an apparent|y seam-
|ess ve||. sua||y ormed o |ne cab|es
|engthw|se and rods crossw|se, w|re
meshes are stab|e |n the one d|rect|on
and ormab|e |n the other. The |ne
creat|veWEAvE |s des|gned and
ca| meshes or |ndustr|a| use. The
extraord|nary aesthet|c qua||t|es o
creat|veWEAvE prov|ded the |n|t|a|
|mpu|se or |ts use |n arch|tecture and
des|gn. The mesh boasts numerous
unct|ona| bene|ts.
Numerous Functional Benefits
Reductionininvestment cost for HVAC
(Heat|ng, vent||at|on, A|r cond|t|on-
|ngandrer|gerat|on) GKDmesh des|gns
are tested through therm|ca| research
study or He||ograph. These tests prove
that GKDmesh aade |s more than |ust
a des|gn e|ement. The ||ecyc|e costs
revea| that the add|t|ona| cost or GKD
creat|veWEAvE aade can be charged
up aga|nst the reduced operat|ng and
ma|ntenance costs. The comp|ete con-
s|derat|on o a|| eatures w|th|n an |nte-
gra| p|ann|ng process |s |mportant, |n
!op Nolcm 3lo|m|ess 3lee| 1ovem
^|cm|leclu|o| \esmes |o| ^ -e|tecl
Co~o|mol|om ot êslmel|cs omo
|umcl|omo||ly
Arch|tectura| Stee| Mesh
lnter|or part|t|on
order to deve|op opt|ma| room comort
w|tha m|n|mum expenses.
Recyclable
Sta|n|ess stee| by nature |s a 100%
recyc|ab|e mater|a| and un||ke other
construct|on mater|a| the creat|veWEAvE
w||| a|ways have a res|dua| va|ue and
w||| not contr|bute to debr|s.
CorrosionResistant
The mater|a| AlSl 316 L |s an
austen|t|c-n|cke|-mo|ybdenum stee| w|th
h|gh res|stance to corros|on. (Pes|stance
c|ass lll / med|um accord|ng to the gen-
era| bu||d|ng |nspect|on approva| Z-
30.3-6)
UnlimitedLifeandLowMaintenance
creat|veWEAvE has pract|ca||y
un||m|ted ||e due to the nature o sta|n-
|ess stee| and |s a very |owma|ntenance
and easy to hand|e product un||ke g|ass
acades wh|ch requ|re extens|ve c|ean-
|ng and hand||ng.
LEED
GKD lnd|a |s an act|ve member o
the lGBC and GKD products he|p
arch|tects to take max|mum advantage
o LEEDpo|nts through the var|ous cat-
egor|es based onthe|r use.
mpact Resistance
GKD creat|veWEAvE des|gns are
res|stant to mechan|ca| deormat|on
and are tested by PWTH under |nst|tute
o stee| construct|on accord|ng to
Dutch regu|at|on NEN 6702 or the
saety o peop|e aga|nst a|||ng. The
report va||dates that the |x|ng o the
creat|veWEAvE as we|| as the mesh
|tse| w|thstood the test w|thout
d|scoverab|e deormat|ons and a|so a
reduct|on o the pre-stress d|d not |ead
to a||ure o the system. Some mater|a|
types are strong enough to be wa|ked
on and some can even w|thstand deto-
nat|ons.
LargeSizes
Ma|or|ty o GKD creat|veWEAvE
des|gns are ava||ab|e |n up to 40
meters |ong and4.5meters w|deas one
s|ng|e p|ece, th|s a||ows arch|tects to
g|ve seam|ess eect and at the same
t|me use the |ex|b|||ty o the mesh
wh|ch enhances the aesthet|c appear-
anceandhe|ps|naster |nsta||at|on
SunShading
GKDs mesh des|gns are tested by
lFT, POSENHElM. The report cert||es
so|ar character|st|cs o creat|veWEAvE
and ca|cu|ates the so|ar heat ga|n co-
e|c|ent o g|az|ng |n comb|nat|on w|th
so|ar shad|ng dev|ces accord|ng to
EN410 standards.
Shelter fromWind& Rain
creat|veWEAvE acts as a w|nd
breaker, themesh|sa|soanexce||ent ra|n
breaker and he|ps protect bu||d|ng wa||s
romdampness and mo|sture to ensure
|onger exter|or wa||s.
FireResistant
A|| work|ng mater|a|s are non |am-
mab|e and be|ong to the h|ghest c|ass
o construct|on mater|a|, A-1 accord|ng
to DlN 1402
Useof AccentuatedLighting
The opt|ca| seam|ess v|ew g|ves
amp|e scope o mak|ng the bu||d|ng
very ch|c w|th p|ay o ||ghts re|ect|v|ty
and transparency, p|ast|c|ty and
rhythm very accord|ng to how the ||ght
breaks on the woven structure and the
Car Park Faade
Ce|||ng: Arch|tect: Podr|guez & Pu|n Arqu|tectos
mesh. Natura| or art||c|a| ||ght|ng can
create co|oru| h|gh||ghts and |nterest-
|ng eects, a||ow|ng a cho|ce between
transparency and opaqueness. L|t rom
beh|nd, sta|n|ess stee| w|re mesh |s a
trans|ucent membrane but when ||t rom
ront |t |m|tates a sh|ny surace.
Decorative
Above a|| |t g|ves the structure a
c|ass|c s|gnature |ook that other mater|-
a|s cannot de||ver.
VersatileApplications
Exterior Applications
Faades
The abr|c-||ke structure o the mesh
makes a aade c|ad |n creat|veWEAvE
so||d and transparent. Ow|ng to the
re|ect|v|ty o sta|n|ess stee|, an
creat|veWEAvE aade changes |ts
appearance w|th the chang|ng ||ght o
day, natura| or art||c|a|, mak|ng the sur-
round|ngs as const|tut|ve e|ements o
the bu||d|ngs appearance. Among
ma n y, | n t e r n a t | o n a | | y GKD
creat|veWEAvE have been v|v|d|y used
or car parks and commerc|a| bu||d|ngs
where vent||at|on |s a key parameter. As
th|s mesh |s permeab|e, the product
oers cover or the structure, vent||a-
t|on, sun shad|ng and act|ng as a
strong barr|er.
SunScreens
C|osed, t|ght weaves can b|ock |||u-
m|nat|on comp|ete|y, wh||e open pat-
terns a||ow vary|ng degrees o ||ght to
pass through. The So|ucent shad|ng
system eect|ve|y b|ocks harsh sun-
||ght w|thout b|ock|ng v|ews, a||ow|ng
max|mum day||ght |ns|de bu||d|ngs,
w|thout obstruct|ng the outs|de v|ews.
GKDprov|des data o so|ar heat ga|n to
ass|st |n mesh pattern se|ect|on and the
des|gn team eva|uates each pro|ect
based on the geograph|ca| reg|on,
bu||d|ng type, bu||d|ng or|entat|on and
amount o ||ght needed to successu||y
create beaut|u|, appropr|ate|y ||t spaces.
Th|s does two th|ngs, (1) he|ps create
an amb|ent atmosphere |ns|de, (2) wh||e
reduc|ng a|r-cond|t|on|ng costs.
ProtectiveStylishDcor
Onbu||d|ngor shopw|ndows / doors,
creat|veWEAvE, |n the orm o ro||er
shutters, prov|des protect|on through
as a sem|-transparent, sh|mmer|ng cur-
ta|n w|thout obscur|ng the v|ew o d|s-
p|ay areas or passersby.
nterior Applications
creat|veWEAvE create a v|rtua||y
|ndestruct|b|e wa|| or ce|||ng c|add|ng,
near|y |mposs|b|e to scratch or dent.
H|gh|y avored wa|| |n|shes or h|ghtra-
|c areas, such as |obb|es and e|evator
|nter|ors, |ts areas o app||cat|ons |nc|ude
sun screens, ro||er shutters, ce|||ngs,
wa|| c|add|ngs, part|t|on screens, sta|r-
cases/e|evator cab|ns, |oor cover|ng,
co|umnc|add|ngs, |n||| and urn|ture.
Wall/ColumnCladding
sed vert|ca||y and mounted onto a
wa|| or hung as drapery, |re abr|c br|ngs
lnter|or: Arch|tect: Pau| Andreu, ADP Par|s
Faade: Arch|tect: Ben van Berke|, N-Stud|o, Amsterdam
un|que ||ght|ng and d|mens|ona| eects
to the exper|ence o space, enab|ed to
re|ect or ||ter ||ght. Suspended |n ront
o w|ndows, creat|veWEAvE oers
eect|ve sun screen|ng and ||ters the
||ght romouts|deor romart||c|a| sources
beh|nd the mater|a|, and d|uses |t g|are
ree |nto the room. Ater |nsta||at|on, the
mater|a| needs no spec|a| care. The
creat|veWEAvE pane|s can be removed
|ndependent|y or easy access totechn|-
ca| equ|pmentconcea|edbeh|nd them
PartitionScreens:
Sem|-transparent,se|-support|ng
part|t|on wa||s o sta|n|ess stee|
creat|veWEAvE are versat||e e|ements
or structur|ng |nner spaces w|thout
comprom|s|ng the spac|ousness o the
room. L|t rom the s|de, they appear
opaque and thus, protect aga|nst peo-
p|e|ook|ngthrough.
Ceilings
As a m|rror o versat||e ||ght and
co|or re|ect|ons, the ce|||ng becomes a
character|st|c eature o the |nter|or des|gn,
creat|ng a range o atmospheres coo|,
pur|st|c h|gh-tech grace, or warm, we|-
com|ng amb|ence depend|ng on the
||ght|ng and the |nter|or surround|ngs.
lns|de the bu||d|ng, ow|ng to |ts sem|-
transparency, creat|veWEAvE reduces
the mass|veness o structures, creat-
|ng spat|a| depths and mu|t|d|-
mens| ona| | ty. L| t rom ront, a
creat|veWEAvE ce|||ng can appear
opaque wh||econcea||ngnecessaryut||-
|t|es and equ|pments wh||e |ts porous
nature w||| ensure opt|ma| a|r c|rcu|a-
t|on and spr|nk|er unct|ona||ty o up to
70 per cent. Spec|a||y made a|um|n|um
honey comb used or |x|ng o
creat|veWEAvE |n ce|||ng app||cat|on
does prov|de exce||ent acoust|c prop-
ert|es.
Going"Green andhelpingothers achieve
thesame
GKD lnd|a |s an act|ve member o
the lGBC , and he|ps arch|tects take

max|mum advantage o LEED cred|ts.
GKDhas he|ped many propert|es qua|-
|y or the esteemed LEED cert||cat|on
around the wor|d. The companys
creat|veWEAvE are env|ronmenta||y
r|end|y as they are 100% recyc|ab|e,
corros|on res|stant and actua||y he|p
the bu||d|ngs they are used on |n reduc-
|ng the|r carbon ootpr|nt by |ower|ng
energy costs. GKDproducts have been
used |n LEED cert||ed app||cat|ons |n
many bu||d|ngs across lnd|a ||ke B||| &
Me||nda Gates oundat|on, ClSCOetc.
Futureof Facades
GKDs s|gnature products ||ke

MEDlAMESH and lLLMESH have
been conerredby redhot des|gn award
amongst many o the |ead|ng p|atorms
wh|ch recogn|se breakthrough |nnova-
t|ve techno|ogy. GKD |nnovat|on has
made bor|ng acades |nteract|ve and
||ve|y. Wh||st be|ng ab|e to rema|na ven-
t||ated aade wh|ch |s non obstruct|ve
to the v|ew and ab|e to stream med|a
cont ent s on a bu| | d| ng. The
creat|veWEAvE has been |ntegrated
w|th state-o-the-art LED ||ghts to cre-
ate a true dynam|c d|sp|ay. They have
been |ntegrat|ng h|gh-perormance
LED pro||es |nto mesh s|nce 2006,
us|ng spec|a| sotware to create trans-
parent med|a acades. n|ock conven-
t|ona| b|||boards, the arch|tectura|
beauty o the des|gn |s a|so ma|nta|ned
whensw|tched o.
GKD |s at the oreront o the |ndus-
try when|t comestoarch|tectura| meshes
and |t cont|nues to be the |eader g|ob-
a||y. W|th presence |n a|most a|| cont|-
nents, GKDseesabr|ght uturetochange
the way bu||d|ngs |ook and |nteract w|th
more dynam|c mater|a|s and eatures
|nlnd|a.
Facade
GKD NDA LTD
52, lndustr|a| Area, Jhotwara
JAlPP-302 012, Pa|asthan. lNDlA
Ph. : 91 141 7105100
Fax : 91 141 7105199
Mob||e : 91 80940 04933
Ee-ma|| : m||ap.verma_gkd-|nd|a.com
Web: www.gkd-|nd|a.com
ba|||ng", wh|ch c|ogged the mach|nes
thus de|ay|ng up the construct|on pro-
or years | not or decades stee|
|bre re|norced shotcrete has
been app||ed |n tunne|||ng w|th F
success. The var|ous prob|ems assoc|-
ated w|th stee| |bres such as e.g. com-
p||cated hand||ng ow|ng to the h|gh
we|ght, ba|||ng dur|ng the m|x|ng pro-
cess, ma|or rebound when spray|ng,
wear aect|ng hoses and nozz|es as
we|| as corros|on and the |ncreased
danger o |n|ury caused by pro|ect|ng
|bres were accepted due to a |ack o
a|ternat|ves. B|component synthet|c
|bres have now been used or the |rst
t|me or support|ng purposes or a 6.6
km |ong power p|ant tunne| |n Costa
P|ca (F|gs. 12).
ln Costa P|ca, the lCE (lnst|tuto
Costarr|cense de E|ectr|c|dad) had or
|ong re||ed on stee| |bres, as lng. W||-
||am Agu||ar con|rms: "We used stee|
|bres |n other pro|ects but they caused
a number o prob|ems ow|ng to "|bre
cess". As a resu|t some t|me ago he
dec|ded to sw|tch to p|ast|c |bres,
wh|ch however a|so caused d||cu|t|es
dur|ng hand||ng. "l persona||y used other
synthet|c |bres (N.B.: other than Concr|x)
|n another tunne| pro|ect, rom a d|er-
ent manuacturer. These |bres |mproved
our perormancecomparedtostee| |bres
a|thoughthey st||| caused |bre ba|||ng.
Bicomponent, highstrength Macro Fibre
Concrix as Solution
lng. Agu||ar thus |na||y dec|ded ater
extens|ve dec|s|on-mak|ng processes
and tests |n avour o the new, b|com-
ponent macro |bre "Concr|x". Th|s syn-
thet|ch|gh-strength|brewas deve|oped
|n Sw|tzer|and and comb|nes a|| the
advantages o stee| |bres, pr|mar||y the
h|gh strength w|th those o p|ast|c |bres
such as e.g. corros|on res|stance.
0|co~pomeml 3ymlmel|c \oc|o ||o|es
to| -owe| -|oml !umme|
Concrete F|bre
Power p|ant tunne| |n Costa P|ca
\o||o \omse|. 0. 3c. |. \0^-3O
||eclo| !ecmm|que ot 0|ugg Comlec Ô. 3w|l/e||omo
Brugg Contec AG
Aachstrasse 11 CH-8590 Pomanshorn
www.bruggcontec.com
ndia contact info:
E-ma||: |no_gren|x.|n
91-98668-026666
Concr|xs secret can be attr|buted to |ts
un|que, b|component |bre structure,
the enhancement o the degree o
crysta|||n|ty or the E-modu|e and the
|nc|us|on o spec|a| add|t|ves (F|g. 3).
Furthermore the surace |s structur|zed,
resu|t|ng |n an even better bond w|th
the concrete thus ensur|ng unpara|-
|e|ed work|ng strength. The prob|em o
creep|ng that can be observed |n con-
|unct|on w|th convent|ona| p|ast|c |bres
was e||m|nated |n the case o Concr|x.
Creep|ng|s |nterpretedas at|me-re|ated
deormat|on brought on through a con-
stant|y act|ng orce. Th|s becomes re|e-
vant when |bre-re|norced concrete |s
|na cracked state as thenthe |bres are
permanent|y under stress.
Tests relating to the Performance and
CreepingBehaviour
Extens|ve tests, carr|ed out by the
EMPA Schwe|z, an |nternat|ona||y
renowned research ac|||ty, |mpress|ve|y
P|ast|c |bre Concr|x set-up
revea| that th|s nove| |bre structure
||ves up |ts prom|se. Accord|ng to
EFNAPC, the Concr|x |bre atta|ns va|-
ues |n excess o 1,100 |ou|es g|ven a
deormat|on o 25 mm us|ng on|y 4.5 kg
per m o concrete. Th|s perormance
has |n the meant|me been con|rmed |n
pract|ce through urther shotcrete tests
undertaken |n tunne|s and m|nes |n
keep|ng w|th EFNAPC regu|at|ons. And
as ar as creep|ng |s concerned, sur-
ace structur|zed b|component Concr|x
|bres under permanent |oad revea|
on|y a very m|n|ma|, abso|ute|y noncr|t|-
ca| |ncrease |n crack w|dths |n pre-
broken test p|eces (F|g. 4). The EMPA
test |nc|denta||y has now been runn|ng
or more than700 days.
DevelopedintheLab, provedinPractice
var|ous pro|ects have been exe-
cuted to the u|| sat|sact|on o both c||-
ents and contractors s|nce the |ntro-
duct|on o Concr|x |bres. Ater a||, pro-
cess|ng |s most stra|ghtorward. The
|bres are supp||ed |n bund|es mak|ng |t
easy or them to be m|xed proper|y w|th
the cement and the advantages or the
mach|nes, res|stance aga|nst aggres-
s|ve underground water, corros|on
res|stance etc. are ev|dent. Further
deta||s are read||y ava||ab|e rom the
techn|ca| serv|ce department o Brugg
Contec AG, the manuacturer o
Concr|x.
Creep|ng behav|our o the p|ast|c |bres
Concrete F|bre
P|ast|c |bres |n bund|es
the b|-component h|gh perormance
macro|ber Concr|x are rea| a|ternat|ves
or |ndustr|a| |oor makers. Bes|de the
extreme|y s|mp|e use - 1 kg H|gh Grade
rep|aces up to 25 kg o stee| |bers! -
and the prob|em ree m|x|ng o H|gh
Grade |nto the concrete Brugg Contec
a|so makes the necessary structura|
ca|cu|at|ons and guarantees or the|r
correctness. O course, the ca|cu|at|ons
are based on Eurocode 2 wh|ch |s
wor|dw|de state-o-the-art, us|ng |n|te
e|ements method. l the |oads are too
h|ghandH|ghGrade|s not su|c|ent any
more, e|ther add|t|ona| re|norcement
he |dea o m|x|ng synthet|c |bers
|nto concrete |s a|ready over 30
years o|d. The |rst t|me |t was pre- T
sented at the lnternat|ona| Exh|b|t|on o
lnvent|ons |n Geneva, where th|s ground
break|ng |nnovat|on won a go|d meda|.
Th|s meda| can st||| be ound |n the sae
o Brugg Contec AG because the
|nvent|on or|g|nates rom a s|ster com-
pany o Brugg Contec who was set up
|ater as a sp|n-o.
BruggContec|tse| |spart o theBrugg
Group, a g|oba||y act|ve am||y-owned
Sw|ss company w|th more than 120
years|nEng|neer|ngandManuactur|ng.
Synthetic fibers as a replacement for
steel reinforcement andsteel fibers
Wh||e the ma|or|ty o on the market
ava||ab|e synthet|c |bers are used or
s|mp|e app||cat|ons such as shr|nkage
crackreduct|onand|reprotect|on, Brugg
Contec ocuses on a comp|ete|y other
|e|d o app||cat|on: the rep|acement or
reduct|on o convent|ona| stee| mesh
or stee| |bers by h|gh-perormance syn-
thet|c |bers. Because |ess stee|-re|n-
orcement means cost reduct|on! The
app||cat|ons are d|vers||ed.
ndustrial floors, exterior surfaces, air-
ports, roads
The enormous we|ght o conven-
t|ona| stee| mesh causes not on|y h|gh
costs or transport, a|so |ay|ng (|nsta||a-
t|on) |s t|me consum|ng and the d|sper-
s|on o the concrete a|so |s oten d||-
cu|t. A|thoughstee| |bers make ||e eas-
|er, the cost or 25, 30 or even more k||os
per m3 (a European standard) o con-
crete are st||| h|gh. ln add|t|on, there |s
the corros|on prob|em and the uture
ma|ntenance cost or the end user.
The |br|||ated synthet|c |ber o Brugg
Contec ca||ed F|broor H|gh Grade and
w|th stee| or w|th the macro |ber Concr|x
|s recommended and ca|cu|ated, what-
ever |smoreeconom|ca| or thecustomer.
Precast elements
A|so |n precast e|ements the con-
vent|ona| stee| re|norcement can be
comp|ete|y or part|a||y rep|aced by
Concr|x. The t|me-consum|ng |nsta||a-
t|ono thestee| canbeavo|dedbecause
the |bers are pre-m|xed |nto the con-
crete wh|ch |s then |||ed|n the ormwork.
The enormous|y dense |ber mesh o
the b|component macro|ber Concr|x
(120000 |bers per kg Concr|x ) as we||

||oe| e|mto|ceo Comc|ele
F|ber Pe|norced Concrete
Water power p|ant Centra| Amer|ca and 6.6 km |ong tunne|
lndustr|a| ha|| w|th 50 000 m2 |n Austr|a. Stee| re|norcement was rep|aced by F|broor H|gh Grade.
as the|r |ow cross-sect|on (0.5 mm
d|ameter) prov|de a re|norcement o
the component to the |nest edge,
spa|||ng o edges be avo|ded. And rust
sta|n, wh|ch |s a d|saster or arch|tec-
tura| e|ementsusedaspartso theaade
|s obv|ous|y not an |ssue w|th synthet|c
|bers.
Tunnels, mines and other shotcrete
applications
For years and decades, stee| |ber
re|norced shotcrete has been used
successu||y |ntunne||ng |nstead o re|n-
orc|ng mats. The prob|ems w|th stee|
|bers, or examp|e d||cu|t hand||ng
due to the h|gh we|ght, ba|||ng dur|ng
m|x|ng, h|gh rebound rates dur|ng
spray|ng, the wear on hoses and noz-
z|es, but a|so the corros|on and the
|ncreased r|sk o |n|ur|es due to st|ck|ng
out |bers have been accepted because
o |ack o a|ternat|ves.
The un|que b|component macro|ber,
Concr|x oers the advantages o stee|

|bers, name|y the h|gh work|ng capac-
|ty, but e||m|natesthe|r above-ment|oned
d|sadvantages. The secret |s the
b|component |ber structure, the|ncrease
o crysta|||n|ty and the modu|us o e|as-
t|c|ty and the |ncorporat|on o spec|a|
add|t|ves. ln add|t|on, the structured
surace |mproves the bond w|ththe con-
crete and resu|ts |n a work|ng capac|ty
unequa|ed onthe market.
A|so the creep|ng prob|em, typ|ca|
or convent|ona| synthet|c |bers, has
been e||m|nated w|th Concr|x , proved

by a creep|ng test wh|ch has been run-
n|ng now or more than 1000 days by
an |ndependent test |nst|tute (EMPA
Sw|tzer|and, wh|ch |s part o the Fed-
era| lnst|tute o Techno|ogy, Zur|ch).
Andthefuture?
ln m|nes |n Austra||a, where secur|ty
|s a must, stee| |bers have |ong been
rep|aced by synthet|c |bers. Tunne|s,
or examp|e |n Norway c|ose to the sea
are re|norced w|th synthet|c |ber con-
crete s|nce corros|on must be avo|ded.
For |ndustr|a| |oors F|broor H|ghGrade
|bers are more and more the standard,
and streets and other outdoor areas
where corros|on |s a rea| prob|em, are
more and more re|norced w|th syn-
thet|c |bers. Stee| can and w||| certa|n|y
not be rep|aced everywhere by syn-
thet|c |bers, but h|gh-qua||ty po|yo|e|n
|bers have become a v|ab|e a|ternat|ve
depend|ngontheapp||cat|onandwhere
|t makes sense or bu||ders.
Brugg Contec AG
Aachstrasse 11 CH-8590 Pomanshorn
www.bruggcontec.com
ndia contact info:
E-ma||: |no_gren|x.|n
91-98668-026666
F|ber Pe|norced Concrete
he cons|stent evo|ut|on o tech-
no|ogy has a|ways paved way or
constant transormat|on o the T
wor|ds eco|ogy.
Pu||ng the |and on earth, automo-
b||es are categor|zed as the most recy-
c|ab|e and reusab|e products o the
eng|neered goods. But the process o
d|smant||ng them |s carr|ed |n a very
haphazard and unsc|ent||c manner,
wh|ch bad|y aects our env|ronment
through a|r and water po||ut|on. Due to
th|s, the d|sposa| o veh|c|es has
caught the attent|ono soc|ety.
Buy|ng a brand new veh|c|e or
equ|pment may sound |nterest|ng but
not everyone can actua||y acqu|re |t
because o |ts h|gh cost. Th|s eventu-
a||y e|evates the demand or used or
pre-owned veh|c|es.
Shr|ram Automa|| lnd|a L|m|ted
(SAMlL) sets the |mpetus or the own-
ers to d|spose-o the|r assets and at
the same t|me, empower the sma|| |eet
owners to ue| the|r entrepreneur|a|
amb|t|ons by acqu|r|ng the pre-owned
veh|c|es.
Authent|c|ty |s genera||y cons|dered
to be a ma|or area o concern |n case o
buy|ng a second-hand veh|c|e even
rom a we||-|our|shed market. But at
SAMlL, the scenar|o |s comp|ete|y d|-
erent. Wh||e earn|ng trust o |ts
patrons, the company has succeeded
|n generat|ng an unbeatab|e response
rom the ent|re country. At present, the
market |s |ooded w|th thousands o
se||ers, wh|ch makes the se|ect|on o
one amongst them very d||cu|t. SAMlL
has successu||y des|gned |ts bus|ness
w|th the |ncorporat|on o a w|de range
|n used veh|c|es and equ|pment. Th|s
makes the company capab|e o de||v-
er|ng everyth|ng that a person may
need and |mag|ne.
Current|y when the wor|ds econ-
omy |s retard|ng, SAMlL has rema|ned
unaected and ga|ned |mmense adm|-
rat|on or g|v|ng an |nnovat|ve concept
to the automob||e |ndustry. lts ground-
break|ng |dea o address|ng the mas-
s|ve|y-d|vers||ed transportat|on and
serv|ng un|que p|atorms or the trade
1e Commecl !me 0uye|s & !me 3e||e|s
o used veh|c|es and equ|pment has
resu|ted |n generat|ng some o the
most authent|c dea|s or the |ndustry.
W|th |ts commendab|e serv|ces, the
company has eventua||y earned the
|nc||nat|on and dependence o a mass
aud|ence.
Over the t|me, used-veh|c|es seg-
ment o the automob||e |ndustry has
emerged out to be a cata|yst. lndeed,
soc|ety has dramat|ca||y transormed
|tse| by rea||z|ng and accept|ng the
true worth o th|s segment |n the|r ||e.
As an |nde||b|e part o th|s segment,
SAMlL has a|ways ac|||tated se||ers
w|th the best-oered pr|ce and served
buyers w|th a w|der access and var|ed
cho|ces. Bes|des, the company a|so
assures a |ower-operat|ng cost to both
the se||ers and the buyers.
A|ong w|th |ts qua||ty products at
best pr|ces, SAMlL has successu||y
pos|t|oned |tse| |n the heart o lnd|an
market. S|m||ar to a ro||er-coaster r|de,
SAMlLs |ourney has seen var|ous ups
and downs |n the ent|re ||e span. But
th|s scenar|o has never aected |ts va|u-
ab|e contr|but|on to the |ndustry. ln act,
the company stands as a p|oneer or
oer|ng d|erent p|atorms |n the trade The Grand Shr|ram Automa|| at Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
Yard lnspect|on by Customers
owned veh|c|es or d|sposa| |s Shr|ram
One Stop. Th|s p|atorm he|ps |nd|v|d-
ua| and |eet operators to |nteract and
str|ke dea|s.
These p|atorms are |mp|emented
w|th h|gh operat|ona| |ntegr|t|es and
have proved to be the core dr|v|ng
strateg|es |n a compet|t|ve market sce-
nar|o. They he|p the buyers to test the
veh|c|e, comprehend the runn|ng con-
d|t|on o |ts eng|ne and accord|ng|y
|udge the eas|b|||ty o buy|ng the same.
At SAMlL, exc|us|ve concepts o
bus|ness through pract|ca| approach
have a|ways served as strateg|es to
grow on a compet|t|ve ramework.
Backed by the adm|rat|on o |ts cus-
tomers, the company has successu||y
paved way, |ead|ng to |ts |ong-term
growth. W|th cons|stent apprec|at|on
rom a w|de range o patrons, |t has
managed to perorm even cha||eng|ng
unct|ons or susta|n|ng e|c|ent and a
sca|ab|e growth.
SAMlL earns the sat|sact|on o |ts
esteemed patrons w|th |ts var|ous
super|at|ve serv|ces. The new |ook
reurb|shment serv|ce |ncorporates a
p|ethora o serv|ces to g|ve a com-
p|ete|y newand qua||ty |ook to the veh|-
c|es. Bas|ca||y, new|ook |s a |oor where
reurb|shed pre-owned commerc|a|s
veh|c|es are made presentab|e or buy-
|ng. Though the grave techno|og|ca|
renovat|ons are not yet undertaken,
m|nor repa|rs are reasonab|y hand|ed
to get the veh|c|es back to the score.
Through |ts park|ng ac|||ty, the com-
pany takes the overa|| care o the
assets saety and secur|ty. Th|s has
even he|ped the company |n attract|ng
var|ous banks, NBFCs, |arge dea|ers,
|eet operators and |nd|v|dua|s who
w|sh to park and d|spose the|r assets.
nder |ts va|uat|on serv|ce, SAMlL
serves the most e|c|ent and re||ab|e
experts to standard|se the concerned
parameters. The va|uat|on |s done on
the bas|s o the va||d|ty o the docu-
ments he|d, current market rate, cost o
the techno|ogy that goes w|th |t, and
the past-on-road and |e|d peror-
mance record o the veh|c|es and
equ|pment.
Wh||e g|v|ng an edge to |ts serv|ces,
the company a|so oers |ts customers
a bene|t o ava|||ng easy |nance to
exped|te the dea| through |ts parent
company, Shr|ram Transport F|nance
Company (STFC). STFC oers very |ow
EMls that he|pthe borrower |n w|den|ng
the cho|ce o assets. ln order to she|ter
b|dders aga|nst the |nanc|a| |mp||ca-
t|ons o equ|pment damage or |oss,
SAMlL a|so oers exc|us|ve |nsurance
p|ans. ln th|s, the coverage aga|nst
damage or |oss to veh|c|es and equ|p-
o used veh|c|es and equ|pment.
A|ong w|th a w|de spectrum o veh|-
c|es and equ|pment, SAMlL serves at
var|ous p|atorms. lts phys|ca| b|dd|ng
p|atorm scores h|gh on the grounds o
a|rness and transparency. Due to max|-
mum certa|nty o sa|es, th|s p|atorm |s
h|gh|y apprec|ated by the patrons.
Be|ng an easy and |nstant p|atorm |n
terms o market reach, On||ne B|dd|ng
has ga|ned |mmense popu|ar|ty over
t|me. A|ong w|th a ||st o |nventory ava||-
ab|e w|th SAMlL, |t a|so serves m|nor
deta||s or the b|dders to str|ke the most
su|tab|e dea|. On the p|atorm o Pr|vate
Treaty, the company serves as a nego-
t|ator between the owners o bu|k
assets at h|gh va|ue and the prospec-
t|ve customers. H|gh standards o pro-
ess|ona||sm and transparency are o|-
|owed |n every transact|on. SAMlLs
another augmented p|atorm that pro-
v|des rea|-t|me |normat|on about pre-
SAMlL-One Stop K|osk |n Operat|on
Equ|pment D|sp|ay or Pr|vate Treaty
New Look Serv|ce-Peurb|shed Trucks
SAMlL-On||ne B|dd|ng P|atorm
The company takes var|ous |n|t|at|ves
on a regu|ar bas|s to des|gn a qua||ty
||e or the peop|e. To ra|se the stan-
dards o educat|on |n the soc|ety, the
company has recent|y |n|t|ated an edu-
cat|onscho|arsh|pprogram. The mone-
tary support g|ven by SAMlL |n th|s pro-
gram has he|ped severa| parents |nrea|-
|z|ng the|r dream o prov|d|ng a qua||ty
||e to the|r ch||dren.
Wh||e embe|||sh|ng the |ong-term
assoc|at|on o |ts customers, SAMlL
serves them w|th the reward o a ||e-
t|me membersh|p card under the Dr|v-
|ng Your Trust Programme. These
cards are oered |n three categor|es
name|y, Star Card, Prem|um Card and
P|at|num Card. W|th |ess o orma||t|es
or enro||ment, th|s pr|v||ege assures a
qu|ck and easy reg|strat|on process or
the card ho|ders. A|ong w|th var|ous
spec|a| bene|ts rom t|me to t|me, th|s
program makes the part|c|pat|ono cus-
tomers at any Shr|ram Automa||, pan
lnd|a, extreme|y |ex|b|e.
To ma|nta|n a regu|ar contact w|th
target aud|ence, SAMlL has a|ways
gone aggress|ve |n |ts promot|ona|
act|v|t|es. To keep |ts patrons updated
on a regu|ar bas|s, the company serves
them w|th var|ous brochures, pam-
ph|ets, canopy set ups, and the much-
hyped road shows.
W|th every new |n|t|at|ve and ser-
v|ce, Shr|ram Automa|| earnest|y per-
ment se|ected through phys|ca|/on||ne
b|dd|ng events |s ava||ab|e. A|| these
serv|ces have contr|buted |mmense|y
|n ga|n|ng h|gh |eve| o pub||c support
and |oya|ty towards SAMlL.
Peop|e oten undergo a |ot o conu-
s|on |n mak|ng appropr|ate dec|s|on
regard|ng mode| and spec||cat|ons o
a veh|c|e. To combat w|th th|s |ssue,
SAMlL has come up w|th var|ous |ex|-
b|e proposa|s and oers exhaust|ve
range o veh|c|es to cater to every
buyers spec||c needs.
W|den|ng the hor|zon o |ts opera-
t|ons, SAMlL has successu||y co||abo-
rated w|th some o the esteemed orga-
n|zat|ons ||ke, SBl, lClCl Bank, lnduslnd
Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak Car F|nance,
lnd|abu||s, Pe||gare and many more. lts
assoc|at|on w|th veh|c|e and equ|p-
ment manuacturer ||ke, TATA Motors
and other automob||e / equ|pment dea|-
ers, |nst|tut|ons, |nd|v|dua| users, trans-
porters and contractors has added
much va|ue to the companys bus|-
ness. The |atest co||aborat|on o SAMlL
w|th the State Bank o lnd|a |s a|| set to
create enormous bus|ness opportun|-
t|es. Th|s grand t|e-up w||| put a avour-
ab|e |mpact on the companys custom-
ers.
Apart rom huge numbers to de|ne
revenue, SAMlLs ma|n ob|ect|ve |s to
serve the soc|ety as a he|p|ng hand.
orms to oer comp|ete bus|ness cog-
n|zance, thus creat|ng trust, re||ab|||ty
and va|ue add|t|on among |ts most-
va|ued customers.
At SAMlL, the u|t|mate mot|ve goes
beyond bus|ness and pro|ts. Wh||e
mak|ng a b|g contr|but|on |n the growth
o |ts customers, the company a|ms at
d|vers|y|ng the ent|re transportat|on
system o lnd|a.
Wh||e o||ow|ng |ts deep |mpr|nts
across severa| geograph|es o lnd|a,
SAMlL nowtargets the sma|| towns and
c|t|es or urther deve|opment. Ater
mak|ng a mark |n 27 |ocat|ons |n lnd|a
w|th |ts h|gh|y-acc|a|med serv|ces, the
company str|ves to strengthen |ts pres-
ence across the map.
ln a very short span o t|me, SAMlL
has evo|ved successu||y |n the pre-
owned veh|c|es and equ|pment seg-
ment wh||e bu||d|ng a re||ab|e bond w|th
|ts patrons. Keep|ng |nnovat|on at the
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Improving Seismic Resistance of
Hydraulic Structures Using Soil
Improvement Techniques
Soil improvement researches dealt with the ability of soil
improvement methods to resist the expected soil impacts of
earthquakes. Most of these researches have focused only
on the soil liquefaction problem. Despite the importance of
this problem, the studies have stopped at this point and went
mostly to the comparison between the efficiency of each different
type of soil improvement methods. Most researches did not
address the possibility of using soil improvement techniques
to improve the seismic soil factor of the foundation soil as one
of the factors affecting the structures seismic design loads.
The main purpose of this research is to increase the earthquake
resistance of structures lie on weak soils by using soil improve-
ment methods to improve the most stressed bulb zone under
the structure. Controlled soil jet grouting technique could be
used for the existing structures. Other types of soil improve-
ment techniques such as soil mixing could be used for new
structures or other types of earth structures.
To investigate the effect of these techniques, Finite element
model for soil layers consists of poorly graded sand was
developed. Non linear dynamic time history was performed
using acceleration time history of a real earthquake. The
response of the ground surface was obtained. Then, soil
grouting with a specific dimensions was added to the model
to model the case of improvement soil. Then, the same earth-
quake was applied to the model. The response of the ground
surface in case of soil without grouting and in case of soil
with grouting was compared to investigate the effect of grout
on the seismic force at the foundation level of the structure.
Different grout depths and widths were examined in the research
to investigate the suitable grouting depth.
Also, experimental tests were carried out using box filled with
sand and exposed to two types of dynamic loading. One of
them was cycling loadings applied by shaking table and the
other was impulse loading applied by impact hammer. Soil
Grouting with specific location and dimensions was done at the
sand surface. The site responses due to the applied dynamic
loads were measured at the location of normal soil and at the
location of improved soil. The two responses were compared
to study the effect of soil improvement on soil dynamic
behavior. The experimental results obtained from the dynamic
tests were used to validate the results of the numerical model.
The proposed technique was investigated numerically using
real soil strata under a typical old barrage in Delta region in
Egypt. This barrage was built on layer of poorly graded sand.
Finite element model for the soil layers was developed. Non
linear dynamic time history was performed using acceleration
time history. Then, soil grouting for the poorly graded sand
layer under the foundation of the barrage was added to the
model. A comparison between the response of the ground
surface for the model with and without soil improvement was
carried to evaluate the effect of the soil improvement on the site
seismic response.
Dr. Ahmad Hashad
1
, Dr. Yasser El-Hakem
2
, Dr. Ashraf El-Ashaal
3
1
Associate Professor, Construction Research Institute, N.W.R.C, Egypt.
2
Associate Professor, Construction Research Institute,N.W.R.C, Egypt.
3
Professor, Construction Research Institute,N.W.R.C, Egypt.
Most of the Egyptian irrigation structures were built many decades ago. Most of these structures may be classified as unsafe structures
when making an assessment of their resistance to earthquake loads in accordance with the current specifications. This research suggests
a technique to increase the ability of these structures to resist seismic loads. The suggested technique depends on using soil improvement
methods to improve the most stressed soil bulb zone under the structure. The effect of seismic site soil factor will be decreased by
improving this part of soil. Controlled soil jet grouting technique could be used for the existing structures. Other types of soil improvement
techniques such as soil mixing could be used for new structures or other types of earth structures. Numerical study was performed to
investigate the feasibility of the suggested method. Experimental study was carried out to validate the numerical study. The dynamic
responses of an improved location and normal location were measured. The two locations were subjected to the same excitation force. The
measured responses were compared and evaluated. Based on the results of the suggested technique, a real site condition for an existing
barrage structure was numerically analyzed before and after soil improvement to examine the suggested technique.
Ground Engineering: Soil Improvement
Background
Many researchers studied the effect of soil grouting of loose
layers to decrease the liquefaction potential or to increase the
bearing capacity. Paul et al., [1] studied the increase in shear
modulus by soil mix and jet grout methods to determine
the decrease in liquefaction potential and earthquake-
induced permanent deformations. Saravut J.[2] presented
an innovative use of soil-cement mixing method using jet
grouting technique to improve the bearing capacity of sub-
base foundation for road construction. Jafarzade et al., [3]
Compared the experimental results obtained from dynamic
tests carried out by shaking table on loose and dense sand
models using cyclic loads with the numerical simulation results.
ALKAYA et al., [4] studied the performance of stone columns
and jet-grouting practices carried out in the location of railway
which is dominated by poor soil conditions. The soil conditions
obtained with jet grouting practices are higher than those
of stone column practices. These results were checked by
both seismic refraction and on-site tests. The results shown
the grouting jet technique update the soil site condition from
class D to class C according to Euro code. Barron et al.,
[5] concluded that the use of proper Cement Deep Soil Mix
(CDSM) construction method could result in significant strength
increases and relatively uniform ground improvement from
loose to medium dense sands. The design of the CDSM
treatment to improve the weak foundation was able to meet
the seismic performance objectives that were established for
a project. To increase the ability of soft soils at shallow depth
to resist seismic horizontal loads Mseda et al., [6] proposed
a methodology depends on forming a cement soil mass
composed of steel piles and soft soil improved by cement
mixing method.
This research studies the effect of soil improvement methods
(see figure 1) on the dynamic response of the soil at the contact
surface with the superstructure. The expected improvement
on the soil properties will affect the amount of response of the
improved soil to the earthquake movement. This improvement
may be used to increase the structure capacity to resistance
earthquake loads. This technique may be used in the case of
re-rehabilitation of hydraulic structures to upgrade its seismic
loads capacity. In other words, the proposed technique can be
applied when the need to increase the structures resistance
to earthquake loads is required.
Numerical Model
Soil strata consists of one layer of loose sand with 20.0 m depth
and 100.0 m width rested one bed rock layer was subjected
to seismic wave. A finite element numerical analysis using
nonlinear time history dynamic analysis was performed using
Plaxis 8 professional version [7]. For avoiding reflect of waves
from side boundaries into the model, an absorbent boundaries
were used and the breadth of soil was chosen relatively far
from the region of interest (100.0 m). Figure 2 shows the Finite
element model of the soil strata.
a) jet-grouting technique b) Cement deep soil mixing
c) Soil mixing machine d) Stone column technique
Figure1. Soil Improvement Techniques
Figure 2. Finite element model
in the study The soil strata subjected to real earthquake waves
(upland earthquake) which occurred in 1990. Figure 3 shows
the acceleration time history for Upland earthquake. The peak
acceleration of this earthquake was 2.34 m/s
2
.
Figure3. Acceleration time history for upland earthquake
Plane strain elements with 15 nodes and Mohr-Coulomb
soil model were used to model the soil as shown in Fig. 2.
Tension cut off was used to prevent the tensile stress which
is not allowed in the soil element during the analysis. The soil
properties were chosen to model poorly graded sand. Modulus
of elasticity, angle of internal friction, and density were taken
as 20,000 KN/m
2
, 20o, and 17 KN/m
3
, respectively.
The location of improved soil was simulated with plane strain
elements with 15 nodes and linear elastic model were used
to model the grout effect. In this study, the properties of soil-
cement (grouted soil) elements are shown in table 1.
The depth of the grout in the finite element mesh was taken as
1m, 5m, 10m, and 15m which represents 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and
0.75 of the total depth, respectively. The breadth of the grout
was taken as 6m, 10m, 20m, and 30m.
Numerical Model Results
The effects of grouting depth and breadth on the site dynamic
responses were studied. Cases of no grout (normal soil) and
cases with the same grout breadth but with different grout
depths were performed to study the effect of grout depth only
on site dynamic response. Figure 4 displays the analytical
acceleration time record for the site responses.
Cases of different grout breadths with the same grout depth
were carried out to study the effect of grout breadth only on site
dynamic response. Other cases with different grouting depths
were solved to study the site dynamic response sensitivity to
grouting depth. Figure 5 displays the analytical acceleration
time record for site responses.
One of the most important information in the dynamic analyses
is the frequency content. The relation between frequency
content of excitation seismic waves and frequency content of
site response should be considered and studied. Generally
it is normal to have some changes in frequency content or
frequency shifting between excitation force and site response.
The amount of changes depends on soil type and distance
between excitation source and the considered site location.
shear strength(-) 100 k
Pa
replacement ratio ( ) 35%
composite modulus (E
c
) 200,000 kN/m
2
Density 22 KN/m
3
Possons ratio 0.2
Table 1 properties of grouted soil elements
a) Comparison between no grout and grout with depth = 5.0m
b) Comparison between grout depths= 10.0 m & 15.0 m
Figure.4 Site Response Acceleration Time Record - Studying grouting depth
a) Grouting breadth = 10.0m with 5.0m depth
b) Grouting breadth = 30.0m with 5.0m depth
c) Grouting breadth = 100.0m with 5.0m depth
d) Grouting breadth = 20.0m with 10.0m depth
Figure.5 Site Response Acceleration Time Record - Studying grouting breadth
The dynamic behavior of the improved soil was studied in
terms of frequency content. Figure.6 shows the frequency
content of the site responses for cases of no grout (normal
soil) and grouting with different depths and breadths.
Figure 7 shows the relation between the percentage of the
decrease in the site response acceleration and the grouting
breadth. The relation was calculated at two different grouting
depths.
As shown in Figure 7. For grout depth=5m (25% of the layer
total depth), the percentage of decrease in the acceleration
were 44.16%, and 37.4% for 20m, and 10m grout breadth,
respectively. While for grout depth=10m (50% of the layer
total depth), the percentage of decrease in the acceleration
were 72.93%, and 51.78% for 20m, and 10m grout breadth,
respectively. This means that, for the same grout depth and
when the grout breadth increases, the percentage of decrease
in the acceleration increases until it reaches a breadth to depth
ratio = 2. The increase of the breadth above this ratio has a little
effect on the results. Figure 8, displays the percentage of the
decrease in the site response acceleration and the grouting
depth. The relation was calculated at two different grouting
breadths. When grout breadth was 10.0m, this decrease
reached 51.78 for grout depth=10.0m. Also, when grout
breadth was 6.0m, this decrease reached 33.16 for grout
depth=15.0m.
This means that, for the same grout breadth and when the
grout depth increases, the percentage of decrease in the
acceleration increases. The decrease in acceleration site
response is limited for grouting depths more than 15.0 m.
a) Comparison bet. no grout case and 10.0m grouting depth Noting that there
is some changes in peaks amplitude and some high frequencies disappeared
from grouting depth = 10.0 m
c) Comparison bet. grouting depth = 5.0m & 15.0m
Noting that there is negligible changes in peaks amplitude and almost
no changes in frequency content.
b) Comparison bet. grouting breadth = 10.0m & 30.0m
Noting that there is some changes in peaks amplitude and some high
frequencies disappeared from grouting breadth = 6.0 m
Figure 6 Acceleration response spectra
Figure 7. Effect of grout breadth on the acceleration site response
Figure 8. Effect of Grout Depth on the Acceleration Site Response
From the results the seismic forces applied on the structures
could be reduced to a considerable amount by improving the
local soil area beneath the structure. These results also lead
to reduce the cost of new structures and lead to maintain old
structures instead of reconstruction solutions when seismic
resistance capacity is considered.
Application
A case study was performed using the proposed technique to
reduce the seismic force on an existing hydraulic structure. A
real soil stratum under a typical old barrage in Delta region in
Egypt was used. Finite element model for the barrage site soil
layers was developed. Figure 9 shows the soil strata under the
barrage site. This strata consists of poorly graded sand layer
with 7m depth, Clay layer with 4m depth, and poorly graded
dense sand with 14m depth [8]. The different properties of soil
layers are shown in table 2.
Non linear dynamic time history analysis was performed using
normal soil conditions. Then, the effect of soil grouting for the
poorly graded sand layer under the barrage foundation was
added to the model. Two earthquakes (Upland and Loma Perta
earthquakes) were used in the analysis.
The grouted area was 26.0m in breadth and 7.0m depth. The
ground water level was taken at the top of the poorly graded
sand layer (under the structure). The acceleration response
time history at the ground surface for soil with and without grout,
also the properties of excitation earthquake used in the analysis
are shown in Figure 10.
It was found that the peak ground response acceleration for the
soil without improvement = 6.16 m/s2 and 1.86 m/s2 under the
effect of Upland and Loma Perta earthquakes respectively.
The peak ground response acceleration was 3.17 m/s2 and
1.12 m/s2 when using the proposed technique for the soil site
improvement.
This means that the proposed technique could reduce the
peak acceleration by about 40% to 49 %.
Experimental Work
Experimental work was carried out to verify the previous results.
A physical model for sand layer with dimensions of 111 m
was constructed using box container. This box was put on a
shaking table and exposed to lateral vibrations with harmonic
motion and pulse load by using impact hammer. Two cycling
motions with 1.80 Hz and 2.80 Hz were used in the test also
impact loads applied at two different points were considered.
Soil improvement location was done using grouting mix.
The area of the improved location was 0.400.40 and with
Layer [KN/m
3
] E[KN/m
2
] C[KN/m
2
]
Poorly g. sand 1.6 27000 0 29
o
0.2
Clay 1.8 5300 64 0 0.3
Sand 1.7 60000 0 35
o
0.25
Table 2. Zefta Barrage Soil Layers Properties
Figure 9. Soil Profile
a) Loma Perta earthquake with P.G.A. =2.2 m/s2
b) Frequency content for the two input earthquakes
c) Comparison between with and without grouting for Upland
d) Comparison between with and without grouting for Loma Perta
Figure10. Site excitation earthquake properties and acceleration site responses
results
0.20 m depth. The used grout mixture was made by water to
cement ratio = 1.0, grout volume was 40% of the soil volume
and the dry cement to soil ratio was 450 kg/m3. The values
of sand properties are summarized in table 3. The grouted
soil properties are usually obtained by performing unconfined
compressive strength tests of a specific mixture specimen.
The acceleration responses during shaking and during
hammering the soil box container were measured. Accelero
meters were placed at top surface for normal soil and improved
soil in order to measure the behavior of the soil during excitations
at the same time. The box, configuration of the instruments
and unconfined compression test for grouting specimen is
shown in Figure 11.
The accelerometer sensors send the measured signals to a
conditioner unit which in turn sends the conditioned signal to a
data acquisition card through connecting cables. The acquisition
card passes the digital data to a laptop computer for the
purpose of data storage and analysis. The logging software
controls the measuring process and converts analog signals
to digital ones. The data is filtered and analyzed using the signal
processing techniques. These techniques were applied on the
measured acceleration time record. These techniques such
as Cut-off frequency technique filter to be used to remove
noises to get signal-to-noise ratio acceptable. the type of the
data acquisition cards is PCD-320A. The software produced
by KYOWA is used to control and filter the measurements. The
data analysis software used is Seismosignal.
Two harmonic excitation of 20 sec. time length with Peak
Acceleration (P.A) = 0.26, 8.00 m/s2 and with single frequency
content of 1.80, 2.80 hz each respectively were applied on the
tested soil separately to represent cycling loadings.
Impact load was applied at two points one of them at the
center line between improved and unimproved locations and
defined as near point. The other point was at box side nearer
to the accelerometer at the grout than that at the normal soil.
This point is defined as far point. These pulse loads represent
the earthquake at base rock applied to the soil layer strata in
the box container.
The Max. Void ratio for the sand was 0.307 while the Min. void
ratio was 0.235. The sand density varies from Min. density of
1.42 gm/cm
3
to Max. density 1.85 gm/cm
3
. Settlement about 2.50
cm occurred in the sand layer at the end of the two tests.
Experimental Work Results
Experimental results obtained from the dynamic tests are
compared with numerical analyses performed. The measured
results show agreement with the numerical experimental
analysis results. Figure 12 (a & b) shows the acceleration time
record for the two input motions. Also Figure 12 (c & d) shows
comparison between measured time record acceleration
response of normal soil and improved one for the two input
motions.
The percentage of decrease in the acceleration is 4.50%
for input motion with P.A=0.26 m/s
2
and single frequency
content of 1.80 hz. While The percentage of decrease in the
acceleration is 2.80% for input motion with P.A=8.00 m/s
2
and
single frequency content of 2.80 hz.
The percentage of decrease in the acceleration is 58% for
pulse load at near point. While the percentage of decrease in
the acceleration is 22% for pulse load at far point.
Also, to validate the experimental work, a numerical model
was developed for the box filled with sand with and without
grouted location and exposed to cyclic loading with frequency
=1.80hz and amplitude =1.0cm to simulate the experimental
work. The results of the numerical model show that the
percentage of decrease in the acceleration is 7.5%. These
results were matched with the experimental results during the
cyclic loads.
Layer [KN/m3] E[KN/m2] Estimated C[KN/m2] Specific Weight
Tested sand 1.85 27000 0 38.7
o
2.44
Table 3. Tested Sand Properties
a) Sand box container
b) Accelerometer fixed at the grouted Area
c) Unconfiened compression test
Figure 11. Test configuration
shows a photo of one of the grouted sand tested specimen after unconfined
compression test done.
shows a photo of one of these ac-
celerometers during installation. The
type of accelerometers used is ICP.
shows sand box container fixed
over the shaking table.
Conclusion
This study leads to the following conclusions:
- The seismic forces applied on the structures could be
reduced to a considerable amount by improving the local
soil area beneath the structure which leads to reduce
a) Input motion with frequency = 1.80 hz
b) Input motion with frequency = 2.80 hz
c) Response of grouting and No grouting locations for 1.80 hz. motion
d) Response of grouting and No grouting locations for 2.80 hz. motion
e) Response of grouting and No grouting locations for near pulse
f) Response of grouting and No grouting locations for far pulse
Figure 12. Test results
the cost of new structures and to maintain old structures
instead of reconstruction solutions when seismic resistance
capacity is considered.
- For the same grout depth and when the grout breadth
increases, the percentage of decrease in the acceleration
increases until it reaches a breadth to depth ratio =2. The
increase of the breadth above this ratio has a little effect
on the results.
- When the grout depth increases, the percentage of decrease
in the acceleration increases.
Refernce
- Paul, J. A., and Timothy, D. S., Increase in Shear Modulus by Soil Mix and Jet
Grout Methods, DFI Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1 November 2008.
- Saravut J., Design Concept of the Soil Improvement for Road
Construction on Soft Clay, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for
Transportation Studies, Vol.4, October, 2003
- Jafarzadeh, F., Faghihi, D., and Ehsani, M.,Numerical Simulation of
Shaking Tables Tests on Dynamic Response of Dry Sand, The 14 th
World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, 2008.
- Alkaya, D., Cobanoglu, I., Yesil B., and Yildiz, M., The evaluation of stone
column and jet grouting soil improvement with seismic refraction method:
Example of Poti (Georgia) railway, International Journal of the Physical
Sciences Vol. 6(28), pp. 6565-6571, 9 November, 2011.
- Barron, R. F., Kramer, C., Herlache, W. A., Wright, J., Fung, H., and Chu
Liu., Cement Deep Soil Mixing Remediation of Sunset North Basin Dam.
http://www.cement.org/water/dams_sc_cdsm.asp. (2006).
- Mseda, Y., Wada, N., Kouno, M., Xu, G., and Nakatani, T., A New
Composite foundation of steel pile with soil improved, Proceedings of
JSCE Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.;No.686 , pp. 91-107, 2001
- Plaxis Professional Ver. 8, Dynamic Manual, Delft University of
Technology and Plaxis b. v., The Netherlands, 2002.
- Final Geotechnical Survey Report for Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation/
Reconstruction of the Zefta Barrage, Misr Raymond Foundations, 2011.
Soil Nailing: An Innovative Ground
Improvement Technology
A
soil-nailed system is considered as a soil-nailed retaining
wall if the facing of the system is sub-vertical, and it
is designed to perform as a structural member that
provides retention action to the ground by virtue of its self-
weight, bending strength or stiffness. For example, if soil nails
are installed into a gravity, reinforced concrete or cantilevered
retaining wall, the system is considered as a soil-nailed retaining
wall. On the contrary, if the facing serves mainly the function of
surface protection or connection between individual soil nails,
such as a sprayed concrete facing, the system should be
regarded as a soil-nailed slope. Also, in this document, a soil-
nailed system is considered to be a soil-nailed excavation if
the reinforcing bars in an excavation, which carry either transient
or sustained loads, are designed to perform as soil nails. Refer
Figure 1 for Soil Nail Wall.
The soil nailing technique was developed in the early 1960s,
partly from the techniques for rock bolting and multi-anchorage
systems, and partly from reinforced fill technique. The New
Austrian Tunnelling Method introduced in the early 1960s
was the premier prototype to use steel bars and shotcrete to
reinforce the ground. With the increasing use of the technique,
semi-empirical designs for soil nailing began to evolve in the early
1970s. The first systematic research on soil nailing, involving
both model tests and full-scale field tests, was carried out
in Germany in the mid-1970s. Subsequent development
Sonjoy Deb, B.Tech, Civil
Associate Editor
Ground Improvement: Soil Nailing
work was initiated in France and the United States in the
early 1990s. The result of this research and development
work formed the basis for the formulation of the design and
construction approach for the soil nailing technique in the
subsequent decades.
The soil nailing technique was introduced to Hong Kong in the
1980s. Soil nailing was first used in Hong Kong as a prescriptive
method to provide support to deeply weathered zones in
otherwise sound material. This was followed by a few cases
where passive anchors or tie-back systems were used. Some
of the impetus for these early cases came no doubt from the
desire to find an alternative to prestressed ground anchors,
which require long-term monitoring. In the mid-1980s a small
number of soil-nailed supports to temporary cuts were made.
In the early 1990s, the experience of design and construction
of soil nails was summarised by Watkins & Powell (1992), which
soon became the standard practice in Hong Kong.
Along with the increasing number of existing slopes and
retaining walls upgraded by the Government and private
owners, the soil nailing technique has gained popularity since
the mid-1990s.
Areas of Application
Given that some subtle adverse geological features could be
missed by ground investigation, robust design solutions that
are less sensitive to local adverse ground and groundwater
conditions are recommended. Large unsupported cuts,
particularly those with significant consequence-to-life or major
economic consequence in the event of slope failure, should
be avoided as far as practicable. Due to lack of robustness,
such cut slopes are especially vulnerable to undetected
adverse ground and groundwater conditions. Positive slope
support or reinforcement systems, supplemented with surface
and subsurface drainage measures where necessary, are
generally preferred to cutting back alone even though the
calculated factors of safety of different schemes based on
conventional limit equilibrium analysis may be the same.
A soil-nailed system can override local weaknesses in the
ground through stress redistribution and is less vulnerable
than unsupported cuts to undetected adverse ground and
groundwater conditions that have not been accounted for in
the slope stability analysis. In Hong Kong, most soil nailing
works are associated with the stabilisation of existing soil cut
slopes and retaining walls. They are also used for reinforcing
new soil cut slopes, existing fill slopes, disturbed terrain and
natural hillsides. The use of soil nails in new retaining walls and
new fill slopes is rare in Hong Kong. Apart from permanent
works, soil nails may be used in temporary excavations. Refer
Figure 2 for application of solar nail.
Figurue 1: Soil Nail Wall
Figure 2: Soil Nail Application
Installation Methods
There are a variety of soil nail installation methods. The choice of
installation method depends on a number of factors such as cost,
site access, working space, and ground and groundwater
conditions. A brief description of the commonly available soil
nail installation methods is given below.
(1) Drill-and-grout. This is the most common installation method,
both in Hong Kong and overseas. In this method, soil-nail
reinforcement is inserted into a pre-drilled hole, which is then
cement-grouted under gravity or low pressure. Various drilling
techniques, e.g., rotary, rotary percussive and down-the-hole
hammer, are available to suit different ground conditions.
The advantage of this method is that it can overcome under-
ground obstructions, e.g., corestones, and the drilling spoil
can provide information about the ground. In addition, long
soil nails can be installed using the method. The size and
alignment of the drillholes can be checked before the insertion of
reinforcement, if needed. However, the drill-and-grout method
may result in a hole collapse. To overcome this problem, casing
is required. The drilling and grouting process may also cause
disturbance to the ground.
(2) Self-drilling. This is a relatively new method when compared
with the drill-and-grout method. The soil-nail reinforcement is
directly drilled into the ground using a sacrificial drill bit. The
reinforcement, which is hollow, serves as both the drill rod
and the grout pipe. The installation process is rapid as the
drilling and grouting are carried out simultaneously. Instead
of using air or water, cement grout is used as the flushing
medium, which has the benefit of maintaining hole stability.
Centralisers and grout pipes are not needed, and casing is
usually not required. However, self-drilling soil nails may not
be suitable for the ground containing corestones as they
cannot penetrate through rock efficiently. It may be difficult
to ensure the alignment of long soil nails due to the flexibility
of reinforcement. Durability may also be a concern if it relies
on the integrity of the corrosion protection measures in the
form of grout cover and corrosion protective coatings to steel
reinforcement. This is because the specified minimum grout
cover may not be achieved in the absence of centralisers and
the corrosion protective coatings could be damaged during
installation. Non-corrodible reinforcement may be explored to
overcome the durability problem.
(3) Driven. Soil-nail reinforcement is directly driven into the ground
by the ballistic method using a compressed air launcher, by
the percussive method using hammering equipment, or by the
vibratory method using a vibrator. During the driving process,
the ground around the reinforcement will be displaced and
compressed. The installation process is rapid and it causes
minimal ground disruption. However, due to the limited power
of the equipment, this method can only be used to install soil
nails of relatively short length. Moreover, the soil-nail reinforce-
ment may be damaged by the excessive buckling stress
induced during the installation process, and hence it is not
suitable for sites that contain stiff soil or corestones. As the soil-
nail reinforcement is in direct contact with the ground, it is
susceptible to corrosion unless non-corrodible reinforcement
is used.
Basic Elements of a Soil-nailed System:
A soil-nailed system formed by the drill-and-grout method
comprises the following basic elements:
(1) Soil-nail Reinforcement. Soil-nail reinforcement is the main
element of a soil-nailed system. Its primary function is to
provide tensile resistance. The reinforcement is typically a
solid high yield deformed steel bar. Other types of materials,
such as fibre reinforced polymer, can also be used as soil-
nail reinforcement.
(2) Reinforcement Connector (Coupler). Couplers are used
for joining sections of soil-nail reinforcing bars.
(3) Cement Grout Sleeve. Cement grout, made of Portland
cement and water, is placed in a pre-drilled hole after the
insertion of a soil-nail reinforcement. The cement grout
sleeve serves the primary function of transferring stresses
between the ground and the soil-nail reinforcement. It also
provides a nominal level of corrosion protection to the
reinforcement.
(4) Corrosion Protection Measures. Different types of corrosion
protection measures are required depending on the design
life and soil aggressivity. Common types of corrosion
protection measures are hot-dip galvanising and corrugated
plastic sheathing. Heat-shrinkable sleeves made of
polyethylene and anti-corrosion mastic sealant material
are commonly used to protect couplers.
(5) Soil-nail Head. A soil-nail head typically comprises a
reinforced concrete pad, a steel bearing plate and nuts. Its
primary function is to provide a reaction for individual soil
nails to mobilise tensile force. It also promotes local stability
of the ground near the slope surface and between soil nails.
(6) Slope Facing. A slope facing generally serves to provide
the slope with surface protection, and to minimise erosion
and other adverse effects of surface water on the slope. It
may be soft, flexible, hard, or a combination of the three.
A soft slope facing is non-structural, whereas a flexible or
hard slope facing can be either structural or non-structural.
A structural slope facing can enhance the stability of a
soil-nailed system by the transfer of loads from the free
surface in between the soil-nail heads to the soil nails
and redistribution of forces between soil nails. The most
common type of soft facing is vegetation cover, often
in association with an erosion control mat and a steel
wire mesh. Some proprietary products of flexible facing
are available. Hard facing includes sprayed concrete,
reinforced concrete and stone pitching. Structural beams
and grillages can also be constructed on the slope surface
to connect the soil-nail heads together to promote the
Figurue 3: Basic elements of a Soil Nail
integral action of the soil-nailed system. Refer Figure 3 for
basics of a soil nail. Refer Figure 4 for Soil Nailing Process.
Design Considerations
A soil-nailed system is required to fulfill fundamental
requirements of stability, serviceability and durability during
construction and throughout its design life. Other issues such
as cost and environmental impact are also important design
considerations.
(1) Stability. The stability of a soil-nailed system throughout its
design life should be assessed. Its performance should
not exceed a state at which failure mechanisms can form
in the ground or within the soil-nailed system, or when
movement of the soil-nailed system can lead to severe
damage to its structural elements or nearby structures,
facilities or services.
(2) Serviceability. The performance of a soil-nailed system
should not exceed a state at which the movement of the
system affects its appearance or the efficient use of nearby
structures, facilities or services, which rely upon it.
(3) Durability. The environmental conditions should be investi-
gated at the design stage to assess their significance in
relation to the durability of soil nails.
(4) Economic Considerations. The construction cost of a soil-
nailed system depends on the material cost, construction
method, temporary works requirements, buildability,
corrosion protection requirements, soil-nail layout, type of
facing, etc.
(5) Environmental Considerations. The construction of a soil-
nailed system may disturb the ground ecosystem, induce
nuisance and pollution during construction, and cause
visual impact to the existing environment.
Merits And Limitations
The soil nailing technique offers an alternative design solution
to the conventional techniques of cutting back and retaining
wall construction.
The following are typical merits of adopting the soil nailing
technique in respect of construction, cost and performance:
(a) It is suitable for cramped sites with difficult access because
the construction plant required for soil nail installation is
small and mobile.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figurue 4: Soil Nailing Process
(b) It can easily cope with site constraints and variations in
ground conditions encountered during construction, e.g.,
by adjusting the location and length of the soil nails to suit
the site conditions.
(c) During construction, it causes less environmental impact
than cutting back and retaining wall construction as no
major earthworks and tree felling are needed.
(d) There could be time and cost savings compared to
conventional techniques of cutting back and retaining wall
construction which usually involve substantial earthworks
and temporary works.
(e) It is less sensitive to undetected adverse geological
features, and thus more robust and reliable than un-
supported cuts. In addition, it renders higher system
redundancy than unsupported cuts or anchored slopes
due to the presence of a large number of soil nails.
(f) The failure mode of a soil-nailed system is likely to be
ductile, thus providing warning signs before failure.
The soil nailing technique has the following main limitations
(a) The presence of utilities, underground structures or other
buried obstructions poses restrictions to the length and
layout of soil nails.
(b) The zone occupied by soil nails is sterilised and the site
poses constraints to future development.
(c) Permission has to be obtained from the owners of the
adjacent land for the installation of soil nails beyond the
lot boundary. This places restrictions on the layout of soil
nails.
(d) The presence of high groundwater levels may lead to
construction difficulties in hole drilling and grouting, and
instability problems of slope surface in the case of soil-
nailed excavations.
(e) The effectiveness of soil nails may be compromised at
sites with past large landslides involving deep-seated
failure due to disturbance of the ground.
(f) The presence of permeable ground, such as ground with
many cobbles, boulders, highly fractured rocks, open
joints, or voids, presents construction difficulties due to
potential grout leakage problems.
(g) The presence of ground with a high content of fines may
lead to problems of creeping between the ground and soil
nails.
(h) Long soil nails are difficult to install, and thus the soil
nailing technique may not be appropriate for deep-seated
landslides and large slopes.
(i) Because soil nails are not prestressed, mobilisation of soil-
nail forces will be accompanied by ground deformation.
The effects on nearby structures, facilities or services may
have to be considered, particularly in the case of soil-
nailed excavations.
(j) Soil nails are not effective in stabilising localized steep
slope profiles, back scarps, overhangs or in areas of high
erosion potential. Suitable measures, e.g., local trimming,
should be considered prior to soil nail installation.
Conclusion
The soil nailing technique improves the stability of slopes,
retaining walls and excavations principally through the
mobilisation of tension in the soil nails. The tensile forces
are developed in the soil nails primarily through the frictional
interaction between the soil nails and the ground as well as the
reactions provided by soil-nail heads/facing. The tensile forces
in the soil nails reinforce the ground by directly supporting
some of the applied shear loadings and by increasing the
normal stresses in the soil on the potential failure surface,
thereby allowing higher shearing resistance to be mobilised.
Soil-nail heads and the facing also provide a confinement
effect by limiting the ground deformation close to normal to
the slope surface. As a result, the mean effective stress and
the shearing resistance of the soil behind the soil-nail heads
will increase. They also help to prevent local failures near
the surface of a slope, and to promote an integral action of
the reinforced soil mass through the redistribution of forces
among soil nails. The resistance against pullout failure of the
soil nails is provided by the part of soil nail that is embedded
into the ground behind the potential failure surface. The nail-
ground interaction is complex, and the forces developed in
the soil nails are influenced by many factors. These factors
include the mechanical properties of the soil nails (i.e., tensile
strength, shear strength and bending capacity), the inclination
and orientation of the soil nails, the shear strength of the
ground, the relative stiffness of the soil nails and the ground,
the friction between the soil nails and the ground, the size of
soil-nail heads and the nature of the slope facing.
Reference
- Lui, B.L.S. & Shiu, Y.K. (2005). Prescriptive Soil Nail Design for
Concrete and Masonry Retaining Walls (GEO Report No.
165). Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and
Development Department, Hong Kong, 76 p.
- Ng, F.H., Lau, M.F., Shum, K.W. & Cheung, W.M. (2008). Review
of Selected Landslides involving Soil-nailed Slopes (GEO Report
No. 222). Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and
Development Department, Hong Kong, 98 p.
- CIRIA (2005). Soil Nailing - Best Practice Guidance. Construction
Industry Research & Information Association, London, UK, Report
No. C637, 286 p.
- Guide To Soil Nail Design And Construction, Geotechnical
Engineering Office Civil Engineering And Development Department
The Government Of The Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region.
Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC):
Areas of Application
T
he use of steel fibres in grade slabs such as industrial
floors, warehouses, ports and highway pavements has
been prevalent in many countries for over 4 decades.
They are known to have been widely used in Hydro sector,
particularly tunnel linings and slope stabilization. In India,
thanks to the improvements in steel fibre technology and more
user experiences in terms of economy and durability, the use
of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is gaining traction.
Advancements in admixture technologies over the last few
decades coupled with developments in fibre manufacturing
technology (e.g. collated /glued fibres) have enabled easier
mixing, batching and improved workability of SFRC. There
is an increased understanding in the industry that each fibre
type behaves differently and this fact must be considered
while specifying steel fibres and designing SFRC elements
in various projects. However, it is also true that absence of
appropriate material specifications for SFRC and lack of
Indian standards for testing and design has led to a rather
slow acceptance of the concept.
Behaviour and Characterization of SFRC
SFRC is a concrete that has a homogenous distribution of
randomly oriented discontinuous and discrete steel fibres.
Steel fibres are introduced in the concrete matrix during the
mixing of its constituent ingredients. Upon hardening, these
fibres improve the properties of concrete such as ductility,
fracture toughness, energy dissipation, impact resistance,
fatigue resistance and limiting of crack propagation. Under
tension, as cracks start propagating inside concrete, steel
fibres present in the matrix bridge the cracks and transfer
the tension across them during this process. Thus, SFRC
actually causes no considerable increase in the flexural
strength (modulus of rupture) of the concrete yet contributes
in improving the load carrying capacity of a structural system
on account of increased toughness and rotation capacity.
The behaviour of plain concrete and SFRC is made clear with
the help of a four point beam bending test as illustrated in
Figure 1. It is observed that for plain concrete, a sudden and
brittle mode of failure occurs after the peak load is reached
which then is used to calculate the flexural strength of the
concrete. When sufficient ductility is ensured in the beam
with the addition of steel fibres in concrete, a strain softening
Navneet T. Narayan
phenomenon is observed after the load at first crack or
peak load in the beam. Thus, with this kind of toughening
behaviour in the beam, post-crack flexural strength of SFRC
is guaranteed.
Figure 1: Behaviour of SFRC
Adding steel fibres purely on a volume fraction basis has its
disadvantages in that it fails to differentiate between various
kinds of steel fibres and considers the volume of steel added
as the only criterion. This is obviously not true because for a
given volume of fibres, smaller diameter fibres are more in
number than the larger ones. This consequently results in
a larger network of fibres within the concrete matrix which
would definitely alter the performance of the concrete due to
higher confinement. Similarly, aspect ratio (length/diameter)
of the fibre has a greater bearing in the performance of SFRC
in that higher aspect ratios yield better performance due to
longer anchorage lengths and fibre network. Apart from
the differences in sizes and aspect ratios, steel fibres may
come to differ in shape (straight/hooked end/ undulated),
form (fibres glued together with water soluble glue/ loose),
tensile strength (high/medium/low) and materials (mild steel/
galvanized/stainless). Thus, all fibres are not alike (Figure 2)
and must be selected based on the requirements of the user
and applications they will be put to use.
SFRC Applications
One of the major goals of design of structures is to provide for
predictable ductile failure modes and avoid brittle unpredicted
modes. In other words, the first crack in the structural system
must never be the last crack and there should be multiple
load paths to have some redundancy. In all systems where
this holds (meaning statically indeterminate structures), steel
fibres come across as excellent substitutes to conventional
Concrete: Steel Fibre
concrete. Moreover, the fibres contribute to the bending stress
block by allowing the tension side of concrete to be used in
the moment resistance calculations as shown in Figure 3. The
following paragraphs list appropriate applications for SFRC
use in both ULS:
loads. Such a scenario in slabs leads to large cracks which
require costly repairs. SFRC slabs on the other hand work on
the principle of load redistribution which allows the use of a
plastic design approach where the stresses in the slab are not
just limited to an elastic threshold value, but are allowed to go
beyond by the sheer capability of this transformed material.
The plastic design approach allows for the full properties of
SFRC to be put to use.
Real scale lab tests performed to characterize the behaviour
of plain concrete vis--vis SFRC reveal a lot of differences.
Results show distinct and large cracks appearing in plain
concrete slabs that run through the section, dividing the
slab into various pieces as soon as the moment capacity is
reached while SFRC on the contrary allows for yielding of the
slab by progressively smearing the excess moments, leading
to finer cracks as illustrated (Figure 5).
Figure 2: Fibres Galore All Fibres are not alike
Fibres working in Ultimate Limit State(ULS)
Grade Slabs
One of the major application areas of SFRC happens to be
slab-on-grade (industrial flooring, concrete pavements,
ground slabs etc.) where it has been a well- established
building material and a meaningful alternative to plain or
reinforced concrete. Slab-on-grade can be defined as a
slab that can be fully supported by a sufficiently compacted
sub-base (see Figure 4). The general loading cases in such
a structure include stationary loads due to racks, pallets,
containers etc. and moving loads like trucks, stackers and
fork-lifts.
As a design basis, bending moments are calculated
according to the appropriate ground support and loading
conditions. Depending on whether the slab is plain concrete
or SFRC, appropriate design approaches have to be used.
Conventional plain concrete slabs work only up to a point
where the stresses in the slab lie within the elastic range of
the material. As soon as the stresses in the slab exceed the
elastic threshold range, the plain concrete cracks in a brittle
manner, losing its capability to carry any further substantial
Figure 4: Grade Slab Example A Container Freight Station made of SFRC
Figure 5: Plain Concrete Slab Brittle Failure and SFRC Slab Ductile failure
Shotcrete Tunnel Linings
Construction of tunnel linings forms an integral part of any
tunnel drilling activity. After the drill and blast operation inside
a tunnel, the surrounding rock mass requires some kind
of a temporary support which is typically provided by thin
shotcrete linings. The role of such a shotcrete lining is not to
try and support the original ground pressures but to stabilise
the deformations required to mobilise the inherent ground
strength. Consider an illustration (Figure 6) which details
the Ground-Lining interaction inside a tunnel. As excavation
proceeds, ground moves into the tunnel and radial pressure
required for equilibrium reduces as the ground strength is
mobilized. Following completion of lining at B, load from the
ground causes inward movement of lining until a point C of
equilibrium at which radial pressure required for equilibrium is
provided by the lining.
on a case-to-case basis. For example, the world famous
Oceanographic Park at Valencia, Spain (Figure 9) had steel
fibres shotcreted in conjunction with steel mesh to allow for
an easy installation due to the curvature of the structure and
accommodate the limited design shell thickness (6 cm to 12
cm). Similarly, fibres have been known to reduce congestion
of reinforcements in link beams and beam column junctions
in tall buildings.
Rafts and Foundation Slabs of Buildings have also been
getting equal attention in extreme cases where the regular
reinforcements are too congested and the bar diameters are
already too high ( 32 mm) to allow for further increase. In
such cases, steel fibres become most suited as they contribute
substantially to the moment capacity of the sections.
Fibres working in Serviceability Limit State(SLS)
Apart from bending, fibres work in containing cracks in axial
direction as well. Steel fibres lead to formation of controlled
crack patterns with reduced crack widths, and thus appropriate
for crack width design. Consequently, in cases where clients
impose stringent limits on crack-widths and liquid tightness,
less rebar reinforcements are required (smaller diameter,
larger distances) and the durability and serviceability of the
structural elements is greatly improved.
Figure 6: Working of SFRC Tunnel Linings
Rock supports in tunnels involve a constant risk of unexpected
loads and deformations. In such a case, the best safety is
achieved by having a shotcrete layer support that allows
for the highest possible fracture energy i.e. toughness or
ductility.
Segmental Linings
Segmental linings are the support system for shield Tunnel
Boring Machine (TBM) excavated tunnels. Precast concrete
segments are assembled inside the shield to form a series
of rings (Figure 7) that become the support structure of the
tunnel. Such tunnels are mainly used for Water Transportation
and Metro Rail Projects. It is possible to partially or fully replace
conventional steel bar reinforcement with steel fibres in recast
segments based on the loads acting in the ring section.
Steel Fibres in precast segments help in decongesting steel
reinforcement cages and are greatly reduce the chipping and
spalling of concrete in segments during handling, stacking
and installation (Figure 8). Unreinforced concrete cover areas
even in heavy conventional rebar reinforced segments are
often prone to damage. Steel Fibres provide a 3 dimensional
reinforcement in the entire section of the segments greatly
reducing the extent of such damages.
Structural Elements
Steel Fibres have been used in structural elements world over
to achieve a variety of objectives best suited and justified
Figure 7: SFRC Segmental Lining Tunnel
Figure 8: Spalling of Unreinforced Segment Edges
Liquid Tight Floors
Some industrial/warehouse floors need to be designed in
such a manner that they have to act as a secondary barrier
against hazardous goods that may leak from the storage
containers. Usually a very stringent crack-width limit of 0.1
mm is imposed on the floor in such industries (Figure 11).
Such projects are almost certainly required to be combined
reinforcement (Mesh + Fibres) to fully leverage the benefits of
the composite system in an optimal manner.
Water Tight Raft Foundations
Similar in concept to the liquid tight floors, the primary concern
for rafts is the seepage due to uplift forces of water from
beneath which can lead to certain crack-width requirements
for the structure. For example, the project illustrated in
Figure 12 involved the use of combined steel fibres + rebar
Figure 9: The Oceanographic Park, Valencia
reinforcement to reinforce the load bearing foundation slab.
Calculated crack width was 0.2 mm. The 60 cm thick slab had
an uneven bottom and was founded on rock, crushed rock
and piles which increased the possibility of restraint cracks.
A combined fibres + rebar solution got rid of the problem
and led to major savings for the contractor due to reduction
in construction time because of simplification of the slab
reinforcing scheme.
Fibres working in Serviceability Limit State(SLS)
Figure 11: Example- An SFRC liquid tight floor in Waldenburg, Germany
Conclusion
We have seen until now as to how steel fibres have certain
technical advantages that make then suitable and preferable
for the applications listed. However, one must also not forget
that using fibres to replace steel reinforcements in part
or whole make sense practically on site as well in terms of
saving man-hours (with the reduction/elimination of bar
bending activities) and construction time (no rebars to be
laid). With increased understanding of properties of SFRC,
coupled with standardization and further improvements in
fibre manufacturing, one is bound to see an increase in the
use of Steel Fibres in Construction in the coming years.
Figure 12: Example- Court House, Flemmingsberg, Sweden
Visionbeyondtheage
The p|ant made news when |t was
|nsta||ed way back |n 1999, be|ng the
|argest capac|ty aspha|t p|ant |n lnd|a. lt
was supp||ed w|th a hot storage s||o and
a bag house ||ter, components qu|te
unheard dur|ng those t|mes. Today the
p|ant has r|ght|y proven the v|s|onary
thought beh|nd |t made by Mr. Pa|a
MohanPeddy.
When Mr. Pa|a Mohan Peddy, |n-
vested |n a Mar|n| aspha|t p|ant a over
more thana decade back, |t was the |arg-
est aspha|t p|ant to be |nsta||ed |n lnd|a.
lt was supp||ed w|th a hot storage s||o
and a bag house ||ter, components
qu|te unheard dur|ng those t|mes. More-
over lt was not a s|ng|e purchase, but a
repeat order was p|aced |mmed|ate|y
ater the |rst one, |nd|cat|ng that the
move was we|| thought. lndustry pund|ts
were dumbounded some even
mocked. Not everyone d|d understand
pro|tab|||ty rom H|gh Product|v|ty, H|gh
pt|me and Low operat|ng costs, then.
spha|t p|ants ||ke every other cap-
|ta| equ|pment has a ||e. Theaver-
age||eo p|ants |nlnd|a |s around A
5-6 years or rough|y 6-800 000 tons. By
then the p|ants start to become expen-
s|ve to ma|nta|n, that aspha|t producers
g|ve them a good bur|a|. However a
Mar|n|, |s d|erent, they are born to |ast.
For those who havent used a Mar|n|,
you m|ght be surpr|sed by what you
read, but then thats what Mar|n|s
de||ver, p|easant|y surpr|se |n terms o
product|v|ty, perormanceande|c|ency.
But sure|y KMCs ounder cha|rman knew
he was |ook|ng beyond the norma| and
was mak|ng the r|ght |nvestment, re-
|ect|ng h|s unbeatab|e v|s|onary per-
spect|ve. Now, a|most a m||||on tons |ater
on each o these two Mar|n|s, Mr. Pruthv|
Peddy D|rector KMC, st||| vouches or the
p|ants perormance, h|gh qua||ty m|x
product|onand re||ab|||ty.
Th|s Mar|n| has outperormed |ts
own rat|ngs, when pro|ects demanded.
T||| date KMCs Mar|n| has produced
around 1.1 M||||on tons o hot m|x
aspha|t and |s st||| count|ng.
UnmatchedPerformance
We have created some h|stor|c
records w|th th|s Mar|n|, states Pama Pao
Manager P&E at KMC. "The best part
about Mar|n| |s the re||ab|||ty and peror-
mance. The qua||ty o m|x produced by
the p|ant |s |ust phenomena|. We have
severa| brands, but these acts make
Mar|n| our avour|te. The cost o the
aspha|t p|ant |s on|y rea||zed once the
0|essom vo|gmese. \omog|mg ||eclo|.
\o||m| |mo|o -vl. |lo.
^ \||||om !om ot e||oo|||ly
13 yeo| o|o \o||m| -|oves Quo||ly |qu|p~eml &
-|ovem !ecmmo|ogy. e||ve|s 0esl elu|m om |mvesl~eml
pro|ect |s comp|eted and when the per-
ormance o the road |s tested. Aspha|t
p|ants do p|ay an |mportant ro|e |n the
perormance o the roads, spec||c ea-
tures on a Mar|n|, ensure h|gh m|x qua|-
|ty, add|ng top-notch perormance to the
|ex|b|e pavement.
Built tolast & relocate
The Mar|n| MAP 175 |s present|y u|-
||||ng |ts requ|rements |n Kera|a, lnd|as
most env|ronmenta||y sens|t|ve states.
The m||||on p|us tons produced there-
ore speak vo|umes about the env|ron-
ment r|end||ness and product qua||ty
bu||t |nto the Mar|n|.
KMC re|ocated the Mar|n| at severa|
o |ts road pro|ects. Oten re|ocat|on
reduces the ||e o a p|ant. However h|gh
qua||ty stee| and robust|y bu||t struc-
tures ensure the p|ant surv|ves the pres-
sures dur|ng re|ocat|on. KMCs P&M
teams det care to ma|nta|n the Mar|n| |s
equa||y |audab|e.
The m|xer, the bag house ||ter, hot
storage or the dryer drum, have never
had a prob|em dur|ng a|| th|s product|on
and re|ocat|on. We|| des|gned and
d|mens|oned un|ts make re|ocat|on qu|te
qu|ck and eort|ess.
Cheapchoices vs Smart nvestment
A |ow cost opt|on |ooks attract|ve &
cheap at the |rst |ook, however |n rea|
||e there are no cheap |nvestments. Each
|nvestment has a return and one must
be prudent to make a w|se |nvestment.
Aspha|t p|ants |ust cant be chucked
away when |t a||s to perormor becomes
expens|ve to ma|nta|n. A w|se |nvestment
|s a|ways a smart |nvestment. ln retro-
spect|ve, the |nvestment or a MAPlNl
by KMC back |n 1999, rea||y has rea||y
worked wonders. The cost o the p|ant
based on the product|on ||e compared
to a cheap a|ternat|ve proves to be a very
smart |nvestment made by KMC. Today,
the equ|pment costs works out to be
around three t|mes econom|ca| com-
pared to the cheaper a|ternat|ves then
ava||ab|e w|thKMC.
The p|ant has been |ong back amor-
t|zed and we are st||| ha| way o the prod-
uct ||e adds B|esson varghese. The run-
n|ng and ma|ntenance cost o Mar|n| |s
very |owcompared to other p|ants states
Mr. Pama rao.
Visionary Selection
KMCopted or a hot m|x storage s||o,
qu|te uncommon then and now |n lnd|a.
Ater a m||||on ton p|us produced by the
p|ant, the sav|ngs |n product|on costs
and e|c|ency have |ong back he|ped |n
a aster amort|sat|on o the p|ant.
Mar|n|s hot m|x storage system he|ps
reduce transportat|on cost, |ncreases
e|c|ency and arrest m|x segregat|on
wh||ework|ngw|thcoarser m|xdes|gns.
Moreactionahead
KMCs P&E team does a good |ob
w|th the ma|ntenance. Th|s Mar|n| can
produce eas||y another m||||ontons, w|th-
out any ma|or breakdowns, states
Soundara| the P|ant Care manager.
Mar|n| wear parts g|ve antast|c ||e and
reduce the downt|me on the p|ant. Bag
||ters c|ock eas||y over 600 000 tons and
on another Mar|n| w|th KMC|t has c|ocked
over 1.1 M||||ontons.
Modern day add-ons are very easy
w|th the Mar|n|s uture ready des|gns.
We wou|d ||ke to see the p|ant process
h|gh content PAPand warm m|xes |n the
days to come, adds B|essonvarghese.
Focus on susta|nab|e deve|opment,
deep concern or env|ronment, |ns|ght
|n to carbon ootpr|nts, h|gh content
recyc||ng and utur|st|c m|x product|on |s
sure to guarantee KMCs w|nn|ng str|de to
conquer new terr|tor|es and cont|nue to
be the K|ng o Motorway Construct|ons
|nlnd|a
A dec|s|on w|th such cap|ta| |nvest-
ment as an aspha|t p|ant cannot be
reversed |mmed|ate|y and the conse-
quence o a wrong cho|ce has a |ast|ng
eect on the companys perormance &
uture. We have a|| understood that
there are no qu|ck |xes, wh|ch can |ast
orever. A re||ab|e product, uture ready,
e|c|ent and product|ve |s the on|y route
to bu||d|ng a susta|nab|e growth path,
states B|essonvarghese MDMar|n|.
Marini ndia
E-ma||: |nor_mar|n|.co.|n
Web: www.mar|n|.co.|n
lL, one o the |ead|ng manuac-
turer and supp||er o construct|on
equ|pment |n the country |aun- T
ched two new products dur|ng the
recent|y he|d Excon 2013 at Benga|uru.
The company, wh|ch was a|so an asso-
c|ate sponsor or Excon 2013 |aunched
the (1) PlXEF- wh|ch |s a |rst o |ts k|nd
versat||e hydrau||c crane |n p|ck-n-carry
segment and (2) a Portab|e 200 tph
Crush|ng & Screen|ng p|ant |n co||abo-
rat|onw|thAstec Aggregate &M|n|ng.
TlL has been a market |eader |n the
hydrau||c mob||e crane segment or a
|ong t|me nowand w|th the |aunch o the
new mode| |s a|| set to urther conso||-
date |ts pos|t|on. Among the sa||ent ea-
tureso thenewPlXEFmob||ecranemo-
de| |saM|croprocessor contro||edsaety
system des|gned to keep a|| the opera-
t|ons sae and hass|e ree. The M|cro-
processor |s |tted w|th |nter|ocks wh|ch
prevent mach|ne m|suse and abuse.
One o the key un|que eatures o
the new crane |s a |rst-o-|ts-k|nd carry
and deck eature w|th 360 degree non-
cont|nuous s|ewand exce||ent p|ck and
move capac|ty, h|gh a|| round v|s|b|||ty
and a|so comes w|th a standard |tment
o a rear v|ew camera. The carry deck
has a capac|ty o 4 tonnes. The opt|on
a||ows customers to use the equ|pment
as a mater|a| transport so|ut|on up to 4
ton pay|oad category at a pro|ect s|te
opt|m|z|ngontransportat|oncost bes|des
decongest|ng the hau| roads at pro|ect
construct|on or m|n|ng s|tes. Torque
converter power sh|t transm|ss|on,
power steer|ng w|thad|ustab|e steer|ng
co|umn and ergonom|ca||y pos|t|oned
and ad|ustab|e dr|vers seat ensure
dr|ver comort, |esser at|gue and h|gher
product|v|ty.
Go|ng |nto deta||s about the new
crane, Somnath Bhattachar| ee,
Pres|dent, Mater|a| Hand||ng So|ut|ons
and Equ|pment & Pro|ect So|ut|ons
Bus|ness TlL observed, " Launch o
the PlXEF- the versat||e p|ck-n-carry
crane ep|tom|z|ng saety, product|v|ty,
super|or techno|ogy and perormance
|s a game chang|ng |n|t|at|ve by TlL |n
the 15 Tonmob||e crane segment."
The other new |aunch o TlL dur|ng
Excon 2013 was the portab|e Crush|ng
& Screen|ng p|ant |tted w|th 38 SBS
|xed shat cone crusher, H2550 |aw
crusher and vM2500 vert|ca| shat |m-
pact crusher. Astec techno|ogy ensures
that the equ|pment |s |dea||y su|ted or
heavy duty app||cat|ons. Bu||t or |onger
||e, the mach|ne oers best |nc|ass pro-
duct|v|ty.
Also on display at the company's
boothare:
- Hydrau||c Mob||e Truck Crane
TMS875 MKll
- Track Mounted Cone Crusher
FT300 - TrackMountedJawCrusher FT2650
- Astec H|gh Frequency Screen
AMS2618 AM
- vert|ca| Shat lmpact Crusher
vSl2500A
- M| tsu| M| | ke Tw| n Header
MT1500G
New |oumcmes oy !|| ol |rcom 2013
TL Limited.
1 Tarato||a Poad, Garden Peach,
Ko|kata-700024
Ph: 91-33-24693732
Fax: 91-33-24692143
Web: www.t|||nd|a.|n
TlL Sta|| at Excon2013
TlL PlXEF 215 D|sp|ayed at Excon2013
TlL PlXEF 215 D|sp|ayed at Excon2013
he lnd|an construct|on |ndustry |s
w|tness|ng an exc|t|ng phase
where newer techno|og|es are T
dramat|ca||y chang|ng the way struc-
tures are be|ng bu||t. One area wh|ch
has w|tnessed rap|d growth |n recent t|-
mes has been that o system ormwork.
Wh||e there are severa| brands ava||-
ab|e|nthemarket, on|y ase|ect ewhave
been ab|e to make rap|d |nroads |nto
the h|gh|y compet|t|ve lnd|an market.
One name that has been ab|e to carve
a n|che |s H|-L|te Systems, the g|oba|
p|oneer |nthe |e|do a|um|numormwork
systems. The companys range o a|u-
m|num shor|ng rames and a|um|num
te|escop|c |y|ng rames are now a a-
vor|te w|th lnd|an contractors, he|p|ng
them st|ck to str|ct pro|ect dead||nes,
str|ngent qua||ty standards and |mpor-
tant|y, cut downonpro|ect costs.
One company that has bene|tted
|mmense|y romthea|um|numormwork
systems supp||ed by H|-L|te systems |s
S.J.Contracts, wh|ch |s a |ead|ng con-
struct|on company w|th over two de-
cades o comprehens|ve exper|ence |n
the |ndustry. One o S.J.Contracts pres-
t|g|ous pro|ects - Future Towers at
Amanora, Hadaspur, Pune has been
awarded the "We|| Equ|pped and We||
Ma|nta|ned S|te" Award by the Bu||ders
Assoc|at|on o lnd|a (BAl) or comp|et-
|ng 18 |akh square eet o construct|on
|n a per|od o 19 months us|ng the most
modern equ|pments and techn|ques |n
1o||o-c|oss ^|u~|mu~ |o|~wo|- 3ysle~s
|-||le ^|u~|mu~ |op |eg 3ysle~) oem|mo
^wo|o 1|mm|mg eo|ly -|o,ecl
8ourobh JongIe
||eclo|. 3J Coml|ocls -vl. |lo.
Formwork: S|te Peport
Virag Bhachech
v|ce Pres|dent - Sa|es & Eng|neer|ng,
H|-L|te Systems, JASCO Sa|es lnc.
|s covered as part o the tab|e
ormwork. What th|s ensures |s that you
can stra|ghtaway ||t the tab|e to the next
|eve|, w|thout hav|ng to worry about
|nsta|||ng a separate ormwork or the
beams. What th|s does |s cut down on
|abor costs s|gn||cant|y, apart rom
speed|ng upthe pro|ect.
Another ma|or advantage w|th the
a|um|num ormwork systems oered
by H|-L|te Systems |s the|r ||ght we|ght.
For examp|e, |n the case o the Future
Towers pro|ect, even a re|at|ve|y |arge
tab|e ormwork system spann|ng about
730 sq. m cou|d be eas||y ||ted to the
next |eve| , because o |ts ||ght we|ght.
Second|y we have not|ced th|s sys-
tem has an advantage |n H|gh W|nds
as we|| - |t can be eas||y moved as one
pane|. lt can be broken eas||y |nto sma||
3mt segments and sh|ted on top o
mov|ng p|atorm and aga|n |ust con-
nect |t to make a 12mt |ong pane|.
Same truss has been ut|||zed or 35mph
construct|on.
Need|ess to say the top manage-
ment o S.J.Contracts |s extreme|y happy
at the progress made by the pro|ect
and how H|-L|te Systems has been a
key actor beh|nd the success o the
pro|ect. Go|ng |nto deta||s about the
pro|ect, v|rag H Bhachech (v|ce Pres|-
dent Sa|es & Eng|neer|ng, says" The
Future Towers res|dent|a| pro|ect
tota||y covers an area o about 22 |akh
sq.t. lt cons|sts o 9 |nterconnected
towers. Thanks to the wor|d-c|ass,
user-r|end|y a|um|num ormwork sup-
p||ed by H|-L|te Systems, we are con|-
dent o comp|et|ng the pro|ect on t|me ,
adher|ng to the t|me||ne o 23 months.
By March 2014 we expect to success-
u||y comp|ete the pro|ect".
Accord|ng to Mr. v|rag, what made
|t poss|b|e to adhere to str|ct pro|ect
schedu|es |s the versat|||ty o H|-L|te
Systems a|um|num Drop Leg System -
Caters Typ|ca| |oor 3.2 mt and NonTyp|-
ca| |oor 4 mt. Each |oor, spann|ng
across a spraw||ng 7,000 sq.m was
comp|eted |n an amaz|ng cyc|e t|me o
6-7 days, someth|ng that |s unheard o
|n the lnd|an context. ln lnd|a most o
the compan|es ||ke to use Trad|t|ona|
Stee| Props and beam concept - wh|ch
|ncreases a |ot o |abor cost |n assem-
b||ng the system on every |oor and un
assemb||ng on every |oor - a|so |n p|ace
o mov|ng one by one p|ece - who|e
pane| o 12.20 mt |ong |s moved every
|oor - once |t |s bu||t. So tremendous
amount o sav|ng |n |abor cost |s
ach|evedto contractor. One o the ma|or
advantages o these ormwork sys-
tems |s that ater the |n|t|a| |nsta||at|on,
they can be repeated aga|n and aga|n.
Th|s saves a |ot o t|me and |abor cost.
G|v|ng an examp|e, Mr. v|rag po|nted out
that |n these systems, beam orm-work
Hi-Lite Systems ndia Pvt. Ltd.
VRAG H BHACHECH
(vP SALES & ENGG)
5B1, F|th F|oor, J.P. Tower - 7/2,
Nungambakkam H|gh Poad, Chenna| -
600034.
Mob: 09409541938 H.O.: Toronto Canada,
Te| No.: 001-647-880-4032
E-ma||: v|rag_h|-||te-systems.com
rom one |oor to another - th|s system
|s|dea||yut|||zedor 50storeybu||d|ng -
wh|chw||| beunder |mp|ementat|onstage
or the same contractor |n Pune. A|so
th|s system has successu||y ach|eved
5 days cyc|e t|me |n lT - Park |n Chenna|
or L&T.
By say|ng th|s System caters Pes|-
dent|a| & Commerc|a| Pro|ects and lT-
Park Pro|ects.
Apart rom prov|d|ng the a|um|num
ormwork systems, eng|neers rom H|-
L|teSystemswerehe|p|ngS.J.Contracts
throughout the pro|ect |n processes
such as the |nsta||at|on and tra|n|ng o
the |abor on s|te. Th|s apart, a top |eve|
expert rom H|-L|te Systems Canada
branch too had v|s|ted and |nspected
the progress o work at the s|te.
The Future Towers pro|ect |s yet
another test|mon|a| to the wor|d-c|ass,
a|um|num ormwork products supp||ed
by H|-L|te Systems.
|n waterront beach area - Track Pecord
o |y|ng 18 mt |ong A|um|num Pane|. lt
a|so g|ves a secured t|e back mecha-
n|sm wh|ch prov|des a sae trans|t|on
!osmm|wo| \|re|.
-owoe| `1o|| -ully`
\omutoclu||mg
oshn|wa| oers Tw|n shat padd|e m|xer works on "
F|u|d|zed Zone" m|x|ng pr|nc|p|e, More no o m|x|ng T
too|s, aster movement o part|c|e and zero dead spot ea-
tures he|ps to homogeneous|y b|end the wh|te cement, F|||-
ers and powder add|t|ve etc., very prec|ous|y, to ach|eve the
des|red demand|ng propert|es suchas:
- Better b|nd|ng propert|es
- More durab|e Add strengthto wa||
- Water Pes|stant
- No sca|e ormat|on

The resu|tant better homo-
geneous m|x|ng eect o"
Toshn|wa| M|xer" assures the
wh|te cement based putty |s
used to ||| the uneven surace
o cement P|aster and con-
crete wa||, the wa|| putty pro-
v|des smooth and strong |n-
|sh To the wa||s or urther
app||cat|on o a|| types o
Further detaiIs from:
M/s. Toshniwal Systems & nstruments Pvt. Ltd.,
267, K||pauk GardenPoad, Chenna| - 600 010, lnd|a
Phone No: 91-44-26445626 / 26448983
Ema||: sa|es_toshn|wa|.net / Web: www.toshn|wa|.net
Toshniwal Mixer
pa|nts, the cement based Wa|| putty got better b|nd|ng prop-
ert|es hence |t |s more durab|e, be|ng Water res|stant |t |s
|dea| or keep|ng the pa|nts sae and e||m|nates any Chance
o |ak|ng. The smooth wh|te |n|sh g|ves a br||||ant |ook to
the pa|nts
The Tr|a| ac|||t|es w|th demo M|xer un|t, sca|e up produc-
t|on ac|||t|es w|th med|um capac|ty M|xer w||| be prov|ded.
The Economy M|xer un|t w||| be oered those who |ntended
or start upun|t.
The M|xer has proven record or the bu||d|ng mater|a|s
and construct|oncare products ||ke
Bu||d|ng Mater|a| Construct|on Care
Dry Mortar lntegra| Water Proo|ng Compound
Penders Grouts F|our Hardener
Wa|| P|asters Pepa|r|ng Mortar
Wa|| Putty (Dry) T||e Jo|n|ng Compound
F|oor Screeds Therma| |nsu|at|on products
Sk|m Coats F|re Proo Cement
B|ended Cement Wa|| Paper Compounds
A Boon for Construction Projects
Indian Vastushastra
I
t can be said with assertiveness that all Vastu defects can be
overcome with proper use of the ancient Indian principles
of Vastushastra. All the projects can then come out of
darkness and move forward with renewed speed and efficiency.
With Vastushastra, we can mitigate all the Vastu defects and
generate positive vibes for the whole humanity
Thinking about the connection between the economic slow-
down, rising prices and the problems arising out of these with
Vastushastra, we must first of all understand that every aspect
of human life is influenced by Vastushastra. It has been proved
over time that right from the prosperity touching your home to
its stability and improvement, from educational progress and
health to happier marital status and progeny and from career,
development and stability to professional and industrial progress
everything is deeply influenced by Vastushastra.
In the recent past we have witnessed major problems in many
industries as well as in construction projects due to various
reasons. When the events were analyzed with the principles
of Vastu, it clearly came to the fore that both the roots of the
problems and their answers are found in the principles of this
ancient Indian science.
Public outcry, disagreements, facing action due to huge
neglect of Government rules and also Court proceedings are
all results from one or more Vastu defects in the North West
direction. In some of the projects the North West had a hill
and a lake as two prominent Vastu defects. In a prominent
location in Mumbai, the Court and Government action was
caused by a slope in North West with a huge lake. In an
another incident the 2nd phase of the project started from
North West and sustained major problems for almost 3 years.
An industrial worker dispute aggravated due to Vastu defects
in the North West and another huge and ambitious project
is held up due to a couple of serious natural Vastu defects.
At the same time it can be said with assertiveness that all
these Vastu defects can be overcome and the projects can
come out of the darkness and move forward efficiently. It is
only with the proper use of the ancient Indian principles of
Vastushastra that we can mitigate all the Vastu defects and
generate positive vibes.
Normally construction professional get the plans approved
and as soon as the permissions are on hand they start the
project construction. During this period they have to undergo
many obstacles which may result in stalling or delaying of the
project as also escalation of the costs of the project. Once they
are trapped in such a vicious circle they approach Vasturaviraj,
place their problems before us and seek solutions and remedial
measures.
We specifically tell them not to specify the problems in any
manner because our analysis of the project provides us all
the inputs of the problems being faced. Normally a Vastu
Expert is able to understand all the problems concerning a
project after he conducts an analysis of the same.
The Analysis Procedure
One of our Vastu Experts visits the project and the project
in charge is asked to keep the maps and drawings etec for
Dr. Raviraj Ahirrao, Ph. D.
Dr. Raviraj Vastu Spiritual Services (P) Ltd.
Vasthu Consultant
analysis. The Vastu analysis consists of analyzing plot of land
and a detailed study and analysis of the entire project. The
required information is obtained from the concerned authorities
at the Project. The Expert then places Positive and Negative
points of the project and prepares a Report which states the
fact that are positive and tnose negative as per Vastushastra.
If there are certain corrections to be made concerning the
Government regulations the same are also mentioned in the
Report. In the last part of the Report the Expert sp0ecifies the
Remedial Measures that need to be taken in order to mitigate
the Vastu defects found during analysis along with a probable
expenditure for the same.
Normally, Vasturaviraj uses its own and proven manufactured
items for remedial measures using high quality crystals,
pyramids, Yantra and others. These are proven and dedicated
items from Vasturaviraj and therefore bring the desired results
within specified time. It is almost impossible to find any other
manufacturer to provide matching quality of materials. These
remedial measures are fitted either in the land or in the buildings
as specified and required and the process is carried out in the
presence of our experts. The work progresses well without
any obstacles and the builder gains desired success.
The project thus completed is then eligible for provision of a
Certificate VASTURAVIRAJ VASTU DEFECTS FREE PROJECT.
It is also mentioned in the Certificate that the project has gone
through the Vastu Defect Neutralization process. At the same
time the project officers and marketing personnel are trained
in the various aspects of Vastushastra and cause and effects
of the Vastu defects. Thus these people can address all
questions from the customers.
Vasturaviraj also undertakes to clarify all the doubts raised
during completion of the project. At the same time the project
is accorded permission to share the name Vastu Consultants-
Vasturaviraj to be exhibited with other consultants for the
project.
Project planning and design as per Vastushastra
In this process the whole procedure of Planning and design
from selection of a plot of land to the construction of a residential
building or office, factory or a unit is carried out fully as per the
principles of Vastushastra. The work is carried out in the
following pattern:
- Selection of the plot of land
- Preparation of a project outline in consultation with
Developer-Architect and Vastu Expert.
- In a residential project the plan for each apartment is
made positive as per principles of Vastushastra.
- In the whole process Vasturaviraj totally reveres the
Architecture and it also follows all the laid out Government
regulations for a project, including the aspirations of the
developer as well in successful Planning and Designing
of the project.
- We are proud of our achievement of bringing success to
many project in India and abroad for many developers
and Architects as well. In all these projects we achieve a
huge success rate of 75% Vastushastra.
- The remaining vastu defects are removed with the help
of Remedial Measures to bring 100% positive apartment
from Vastushastra point of view.
- A Vastushastra Complaint Project Certificate is awarded.
Vasturaviraj also undertakes the responsibility of essential
training of personnel from the Project in Vastushastra and
customer complaint compliance in terms of Vastu till the
project is completed.
The trend to create structures without considering Vastu
Vastupurush
Certificate for Vastu Project
Vasthu Consultant
culminating in defects and problems of serious nature has
been observed. The idea of bandaging the wound with
remedial measures is an afterthought. If only we could go by
the principles of Vastushastra and plan our projects effectively,
it would be a boon to everyone connected with the project.
The initiation for any construction project is with acquisition
of land. Ancient Indian Vastushastra has preferred eight
important commandments for selection of plot of land. In the
21st Century today we are faced with population explosion
and lack of availability of land clubbed with fierce competition.
It is therefore very difficult to find a plot of land totally suitable
as per Vastushastra. However the ancient saints and sages
were true visionaries. Therefore even in our world today even
if we are not able to get a proper plot of land we can create
a square or rectangular plot, with an underground wall and
copper strips as well as Pyramids in appropriate quantity
which would provide all the benefits of success and energy.
One can then place the project details in this plot of land. In
the Vastu Science nomenclature this is called Linearization of
the Plot.
The entire construction project arena has 5 major problems to
deal with. These are:
1. Acquisition of Plot and litigation, court matters and heated
discussions while taking possession.
2. Lack of coordination in decision on a project after the land
is in possession as well as delays encountered.
3. To acquire all the Government permissions and Licenses
for Construction project.
4. Lack of the desired speed and progress in spite of huge
investments, availability of materials and full quantum of
labor force.
5. Lack of success in marketing even with the best progress
in construction activities.
Most importantly the root cause of all these matters is in
Vastushastra.
Problem 1 is that of purchase of land or problems while taking
possession of the land. This is a sure sign of a Vastu defect
in the North to West area of the plot. The part may be quite
higher or it may have a larger slope or a ditch, water, a huge
extension or a Cut in the part, a crematorium, temple, hospital
or such Vastu defects. These result in quarrels between
owners of land and further eclipse the project just at the
beginning. If there are Vastu defects in North West as well as
East to South the results are mostly seen in serious problems
and even court cases.
Problem 2 reflects the indecision after the plot of land is in
possession. This is regarding the use of the plot either for
residential, commercial or both. Many times the difference
of opinion between the developer, architects and other stake
holders reach a stage which results in inordinate delay. Finally
the plan is somehow agreed and sent for various Government
approvals.
Problem 3 relates to the obstacles in receiving various
sanctions such as objections and others. These again result
in delays, escalating costs and discontent.
Just as in problem 1, the other two problems also mean
delays, obstacles, escalating costs and mental agony. When
your plot of land has serious Vastu defects in North West plus
South East the type of problems are sure to bother you.
- From the weight point of view in Vastushastra the second
heaviest area should be South East and North West should
be third heaviest part. If this proportion is hampered or out
of phase the troubles will ensue in full.
- South East direction is the base of FIRE element. The
Electric Substation is the most well placed entity here.
However if this area is encroached by an element of water,
the same results in natural imbalance, Vastu defects and
negativity. This has been proved universally.
Distribution of Weight
Perfect Vastu Plan
Vasthu Consultant
- South East part is the base for FIRE element. If this area is
encroached by any other element such as water, air, earth
or sky the natural imbalance will mean Vastu defect and
result in bad effects.
- It is harmful to have a highly raised portion or ditches or
deep areas in both these directions.
- It is also harmful if these areas have CUTS or huge
extension of the plot.
Many of the Developers have expressed the opinion that these
are normal problems faced by them. They treat these as a
normal occurrence and part of the business. However one
must understand that if these issues are resolved early on the
problems get resolved on their own reducing the agony. It is
thus imperative that we should go for Planning and Designing
of the project according to Vastushastra and if certain natural
Vastu defects still continue to be found in the plans, these can
be effectively resolved with Vastu Remedial Measures and
success of the project is ensured.
Problem 4 starts on a positive note for that matter. The plot
of land is in possession, plans have been sanctioned, the
construction work has started, labor is available and financial
status is impeccable. All this would mean that the construction
speed should be healthy. However unforeseen obstacles
such as reduction in the speed of work, stalling of work,
unnecessary and heavy expenses, sabotage and accidents,
non cooperation from contractors and others emerge.
Problem 5 speaks about the construction work being
completed on schedule and project ready for sale. Marketing
team is fully functional. The customers are arriving in numbers
and still the spaces are remaining unsold. The response is
very lukewarm.
The roots of both the above debacles lie in Vastu defects in
North to East and South to West portions of the plot of land.
- The North East part should be as free as possible and also
as light as possible. This must have become heavier.
- There must be CUTS created either in North East, South
West or both.
- The North East must have become very heavy and South
West very light.
- Underground water tank must have been placed in South
West instead of North East.
- There must be a slope, cut or water in the South West.
- There would be a crematorium, Kabristan, Graveyard,
Temple, Hospital, Railway, Bus stand or a Mall in North
East or South West.
- The Entrance would be in South West.
As per Vastushastra South West provides stability and North
East provides progress. However if there is a Vastu defect
in either or both of them obstacles are definitely present in
reducing the speed of work or in obstacles in sales.
In order to avoid these pitfalls, it is essential that we accept
our own ancient Indian Vastushastra. If we go by the guiding
principles laid down for excavation and construction here
the work progresses with desired speed and results. If
underground water storage is created in the North East of the
project before start many of the obstacles are automatically
taken care of and the financial inputs remain positive.
Other benefits of ancient Indian Vastushastra
- The work progresses without obstacles.
- Easier to avoid the risks of delays, escalation of costs,
mental agony and losses.
- The residents of the Complex also benefit with faster
development and progress.
Vasturaviraj Super Energy Set
Vasthu Consultant
As on today we see a huge demand for Redevelopment due
to the paucity of land, outdated and dilapidated buildings
and the risky old structures. Redevelopment is a golden
opportunity for the residents of these old buildings. Their
residential accommodation could be made positive as per
Vastu principles. The abodes they are in today might be less
than 40 % positive which means that it is providing them
benefits lesser than 40%. This means 40 % progress and 60
% regress and troubles. If the residents demand with a single
voice for Vastu compliant buildings, all their homes could be
made 80% positive without any expenditure. This means that
they will be in for 80% fast progress and just 20% obstacles.
With proper and justified Vastu remedial measures, the
obstacles could be brought down to 0%.
In the Redevelopment it takes very long to cross all the hurdles
due to the intricate human problems. In some cases the Vastu
defects of the old plot of land itself causes hard feelings and
tensions delaying positive results. If the Vastu defects of the
plot of old land are taken care of with the help of Vastushastra
the projects can take off smoothly.
A matter of fact needs to be mentioned here. Cities like
Shanghai, Hong Kong and Singapore have today become
symbols of what redevelopment can achieve in the World
today. The Governments at these countries have used
local architecture science Feng Shui for bringing in faster
redevelopment. Although Feng Shui is part of the ancient
Indian Vastushastra, one has to accept that we have not
been able to propagate Vastushastra globally with necessary
resolve.
On the Global level the importance of Green Building
(LEEDS Rating) and its demand has been increasing. It can
be understood that the concept has been accepted more
because it has come from a foreign land. However we must
say with pride that the guiding principles of Green Building
design are exactly as per ancient Indian Vastushastra.
Apart from this all basic and infrastructure projects such
as roads, energy projects, water reservoirs, construction of
dams, new Town Planning Schemes including Agriculture
could be benefitted effectively with Vastu analysis of land and
the use of Vastushastra principles.
Ancient Indian Vastushastra has been a boon bestowed by
India on to the World. By implementing the principles laid
down in this science Maharashtra State can be a leader in
terms of housing and development and can guide not only
the Country but the entire World.
Vasturaviraj
9869001719/022-67847600
E-mail: dr.raviraj@vasturaviraj.co.in
Vasturaviraj Swastic Pyramid
Compass
Vasthu Consultant
here has been a re|ent|ess prog-
ress |n construct|on act|v|ty, except
or the years aected by the sub- T
pr|me and |ts atermath. Econom|c
p|anners the wor|d over who have stud-
|ed lnd|a are pred|ct|ng 100% |ncrease
|n |nvestment rom the 11th F|ve Year
P|an to the 12th F|ve Year P|an, w|th a
77%growthexpected|ntheConstruct|on
lndustry |nvestments.
Current|y, the lndustry prov|des 11%
o the GDP o lnd|a and |s the second
|argest econom|c act|v|ty ater agr|cu|-
ture. Today, seasoned p|ayers |n a|| wa|ks
o ||e are gear|ng up or a mass|ve
expans|on |n econom|c act|v|ty w|th |ts
resu|tant |mpact on the Construct|on
lndustry.
||o~ewo|- to| eve|op|mg Co~peleml
-|o,ecl \omoge|s
Wh||e th|s |s a hearten|ng or the
|ndustry, |t |s no secret that the |ndustry
|s desperate|y |n need o sk|||ed man-
power to hand|e th|s mass|ve sca|e up.
Pro|ects, most o them, whether |n the
lnrastructure ormat or Bu||t Env|ronment
ormat, are e|ther ac|ng t|me overruns
or cost overruns and many are o dub|-
ous qua||ty. The |ack o sk|||edmanpower,
|s the next most |mportant reason or
these overruns ater |ack o t|me|y
c|earances rom author|t|es.
The |ndustry and government a||ke
have responded to th|s threat by |nst|-
tut|ngorma| organ|zedtra|n|ngprograms
or the workmen on s|te through ClDC,
NSDCand other bod|es, w|th lClCl be|ng
the |atest entrant |nto th|s oray |n deve|-
op|ng ||ve||hood sk|||s.
Wh||e th|s prov|des |abour sk|||s or
the boom|ng|ndustry, the s|ng|e m|nded
ocus |n deve|op|ng pro|ect managers,
|s perhaps the most |mportant draw-
back o th|s mass|ve sca|e updr|ve.
The ocus onbu||d|ng the r|ght com-
petenc|es or pro|ect managers to de||ver
on t|me, to cost and meet des|red qua|-
|ty, has been seen as a unct|on o r|ght
recru|tment. Yet the enormous number
o pro|ects that cont|nue to suer t|me
and cost overruns be||es the |mpact
rom th|s sh|t. Obv|ous|y, recru|tment
a|one cannot and w||| not so|ve the prob-
|em. Mere past exper|ence w|thout the
ab|||ty to th|nk ||ke pro|ect managers
renders many construct|on managers
|neect|ve |nde||ver|ng des|red resu|ts.
A study o the econom|c trends |nd|-
cate that by 2020 the country wou|d
need at |east 40,00,000 tra|ned Pro|ect
Managers, adept at us|ng pro|ect man-
agement sk|||s |nde||ver|ng pro|ects.
What then are the competenc|es o
a"Competent Pro|ect Manager" andhow
do we bu||d them?
Wh||e many de|n|t|ons o compe-
tency abound, s|mp|y put, competency
|s the ab|||ty to produce des|red resu|ts
byus|ngpro|ect management know|edge,
sk|||s, and pract|ces by |n|uenc|ng the
stakeho|ders to act |n a t|me|y manner to
meet t|me, cost, qua||tyandsaetygoa|s.
The pro|ect management know|-
edge areas |nd|cated by the Pro|ect
Management Body o Know|edge cov-
ers Scope, T|me, Cost, Qua||ty, Human
Pesources, Commun|cat|on, P|sks,
Procurement and Stakeho|der man-
agement w|th the ab|||ty to a||gn a|| these
through deve|op|ng a pro|ect charter, a
pro|ect p|an and contro|s to ach|eve the
des|red pro|ect resu|t.
Even ater hav|ng acqu|r|ng such
ta|ent, many organ|zat|ons cont|nue to
ace d||cu|t|es |n meet|ng the prom|se,
as the trad|t|ona| pract|ce |n |ndustry |s
||m|ted to ocus|ng on competenc|es
on|y dur|ng the |nterv|ew process. The
short w|ndow ava||ab|e dur|ng the pro-
cess |s c|ear|y |nadequate |n determ|n-
|ng |ong-term success.
We must a|so remember, that suc-
cess |n one pro|ect or even many pro-
|ects, does not ensure cont|nu|ty o the
same. The reason each pro|ect |s d|-
erent and th|s |s compounded by the
d|er|ng cu|ture and pract|ces |n each
organ|zat|on.
The answer to th|s ||es |n deve|op-
|ng a competency ramework or each
organ|zat|on.
Look|ng at the a||ure o trad|t|ona|
approaches to competency manage-
ment, we embarked on deve|op|ng a
competency ramework or the organ|-
zat|on. The ramework addresses the
needs o the company spann|ng across
recru|tment, tra|n|ng & deve|opment,
perormance management, compen-
sat|on&bene|tsandcareeradvancement.
Th|s ramework he|pedus s|t through
the many competenc|es requ|red |n
de||ver|ng pro|ects techn|ca|, process
or|ented, behav|oura| and doma|n to
se|ect, pos|t|on, tra|n and eect|ve|y use
the pro|ect managers.
3||m|vos 0e|voo|
Cm|et -mow|eoge tt|ce|. ^ N -|o-osm
Comsl|ucl|om -|o,ecl \omoge~eml
Comsu|lomls -vl. |lo.
The author is the Chief Knowledge
Officer of ANPrakash Construction
Project Management Consultants
Pvt. Ltd., and has been with the
company since 2007 in various
capacities as CFO and Chief BD&
HR prior to the current assignment.
A Cost Accountant by profession,
he has made the shift to HR and
related areas out of sheer passion
for humanresources.
We have successu||y app||ed |t to
benchmark and measure the compe-
tenc|es requ|red, through |ntense man-
agement support throughout the |ve
phase ramework deve|opment pro-
cess de|n|t|on, measurement, ana|ys|s,
|mp|ementat|on and contro|. The de|-
n|t|on and measure phases o deve|op-
|ng such a ramework, was ach|eved |n
a record 4 month durat|on, compared
to the three quarters to 15 months dura-
t|onthat |t norma||y requ|res e|sewhere.
The ana|ys|s phase he|ped us |n
|dent||cat|on o |nd|v|dua| competen-
c|es and a trend show|ng organ|zat|ona|
weakness areas. Th|s has g|ven us a
c|ear charter on what to deve|opand by
when, keep|ng |n m|nd the art|cu|ated
m|ss|onand v|s|ono the company.
The var|ous |n|t|at|ves needed or
deve|opment o |nd|v|dua| competenc|es
and un|orm spread o such competen-
c|es across the organ|zat|on have been
ro||ed out.
very oten, such |n|t|at|ves ocus on
tra|n|ng emp|oyees on techn|ca| know|-
edge areas, wh|ch eventua||y does not
br|ng the resu|ts des|red. Pecogn|z|ng
th|s, we opted to tra|n our emp|oyees
on the pract|ces, convent|ons, and pro-
cesses that wou|d he|p us de||ver
|mpeccab|e resu|ts and ach|eve a h|gh
|eve| o customer sat|sact|on. The |n|-
t|at|ves have been we|| rece|ved and
emp|oyees are respond|ng to |t w|th
enthus|asm and a |eve| o ser|ousness
that |s very encourag|ng.
lt has not been any easy r|de though.
Th|s change has man|ested pr|mar||y
due to our |ns|stence |n speak|ng the
|anguage o competency at a|| orums
o |nteract|onw|themp|oyees. W|thper-
severance and pat|ence, we have man-
aged to make th|s cu|tura| change.
lnvo|vement o our |eaders |n de|n|ng,
measur|ng and ana|ys|ng the resu|ts
has made th|s poss|b|e.
The cu|tura| change a|so requ|res a
very h|gh |eve| o |nvo|vement o the
|eaders |n one-to-one coach|ng and
mentor|ng o sta at a|| |eve|s. Th|s g|ves
us the opportun|ty to w|tness week|y
progress rom c|ose quarters, and
|ntervene to ensure the requ|red d|rec-
t|ona| change. At the same t|me, th|s
enab|es ear|y percept|on o warn|ng
s|gna|s and a||ows the |eaders to adapt
/ adopt more robust |ntervent|ons.
Bes|des th|s, |t a|so a||ows the |eaders
reedom rom engag|ng |n |re-|ght|ng
(the trad|t|ona| approach) to deve|op|ng
|nnovat|ve so|ut|ons to |mprov|ng pro-
|ect de||very onthe ground.
For us, th|s has been an |mperat|ve
to reta|n the pos|t|on as a |eader |n Con-
struct|on Pro|ect Management |n
Southern lnd|a and spread our w|ngs to
other parts o the country and abroad.
ln conc|us|on, we have rea||zed that
m|nor react|onary changesmadebecome
counterproduct|ve over t|me. lt |s |ndeed
suchdeepseated change, otena para-
d|gm sh|t that he|ps keepthe organ|za-
t|on ocused on mak|ng the re|evant
t|me|y changes that bestow |eadersh|p
|n the |e|d o construct|on pro|ect man-
agement and the adu|at|on o our cus-
tomers.
A N Prakash CPMC Pvt.Ltd
491,v|swakarma, East end road, 9th
B|ock Jayanagar, Banga|ore 560069,
Ph: 91-80-26639780
Fax : 91-80-26639780
E-ma||: bd_anpcpmc.com
Web: www.anpcpmc.com
Fco 0orbon conpleles M0U wilh Monipol Universily
Pu:su~:l lo le M0U siq:eo i: Juy 2O1o o: ~ |oi:l :ese~: o: sl:ulu:~
~ppi~lio:s o ~:o Co::ele /Cl, D: D~:un~lio~s ~:o ~io~s, le
i:ve:lo:so lisle:ooqy, ~ve:ee:lyo:uoeoleM0ULyex~:qi:qle
~q:eene:l wil M~:ip~ U:ive:sily U:oe: lis ~q:eene:l, M/s Eo C~:Lo:
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s~ p:ovioe e:l~i: p:op:iel~:y i:puls ~l lei: osl ou:i:q le p:oq:ess o le
:ese~:

l ~s ~so Lee: nulu~y ~q:eeo l~l le ~uly ~:o sluoe:ls o le M~:ip~
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le:i~ p~pe:s o: /C, o:oul ~:y :unLe: o oisse:l~lio: ~:o oolo:~
:ese~:, ~:oweoqi:q le P :iqls o :ve:lo:s o: oeveopi:q /C ~:o
s~:i:q le :oweoqe wil le MT Te i:ve:lo:s ~ve inp~:leo :equi:eo
l:~i:i:qo:lep:ooulio:o /Clole~uly~:osluoe:lso Civi E:qi:ee:i:q
Dep~:lne:l, MT, o:8l~:o'lo J~:u~:y, 2O1/~:o~sl :equi:eospeine:~s
~Leqi::i:qloleo:qle:n:ese~:e:vis~qeo

l islo:e~ l~l lei:ve:lo:s~veoeveopeo/Ci:2O1O~:o~sl ~1OEl oi~
ooneove: lei: ouse, F~L0M~:sio:i:\is~~p~l:~n Te:eupo:, i:o:oe:
lo l~e le p:ooul o:w~:o, ley ~ve seeleo lenpes ~:o soos o: ieo
oeno:sl:~lio:s D~seo o: ni:o sl:ulu:e sluoies o: lis wo:oe: p:ooul, le
i:ve:lo:s ~ve p:o|eleo se:vie ie o ~l e~sl 1OOO ye~:s lo /C wil ~:
oppo:lu:ily lo :eove: slee wiloul o~n~qe eve: ~le: ~ oupe o e:lu:ies
\ililsslupe:ooussl:e:qlove:olinesl~q~i:sl
o:ve:lio:~ o::ele o: p~:~e i:puls o
ene:l, /Cis posilio:eo lo :~lio:~i.e le i:pul
o slee i: RCC eene:ls so nu so le osl o
sl:ulu:e Tis is we:e le:e is siq:ii~:l sope
o: sl:ulu:~ :ese~: ~:o le i:ve:lo:s ~ve
qive: ~ ~ lo v~:ious u:ive:silies/i:slilules o:
o~Lo:~live :ese~: M~:ip~ U:ive:sily is le
e~:yLi:oi::espo:oi:qlolis~ ~:oqelli:qi:lo
~lio: /C is qoi:q lo :evoulio:ise le
o:sl:ulio:selo:i:leye~:sloone
D: 0P:~Lu, Reqisl:~: o M~:ip~ U:ive:sily, ~:eo Ly
~uly o Civi E:qq Depl &M: ~io~s, ~:o
D: D~:un~lio~s, Di:elo:s o Eo C~:Lo: Pvl Llo,
siq:i:q ~:o ex~:qi:q le /q:eene:l
CE: Portab|e L|ght Towers
he rap|d growth o the lnd|an con-
struct|on |ndustry |n the |ast two
Tdecades has brought |nto sharp
ocus one aspect that a|most a|ways
seemed to be neg|ected ear||er one-
saety. W|th the entry o techno|og|ca||y
super|or equ|pment and construct|on
methods and |ncreas|ng str|ctness o
saety standards has brought about vast
changes. Add|ng to a|| th|s |s the con-
stant med|a scrut|ny these days where
even a ||tt|e |apse on the part o a con-
tractor cou|d mean the pro|ect h|tt|ng the
nat|ona| head||nes or a|| the wrong rea-
sons. Th|s we|come trend towards adhe-
rence to saety standards, norms and re-
gu|at|ons has meant that an ent|re new
market segment has opened or certa|n
type o equ|pment. Foremost amongthem
aretheportab|e||ght|ngtowers, wh|chare
now a am|||ar s|ght, part|cu|ar at |nra-
structure and |arge sca|e rea| estate pro-
|ects. Gone are the days when makesh|t
bu|bs hang|ng precar|ous|y rom re|n-
orcement bars at construct|on s|tes
wou|d prov|de ||ght dur|ng n|ghts. They
have been rep|aced by soph|st|cated
non-g|are ||ght towers that he|p prov|de
saety to both the workers, as we|| as
nearby pedestr|ans. The key word to note
here|s "nong|are". Th|s |s sobecause||ght
wh|ch causes g|are |s aga|n a potent|a|
saety hazard. A |ot o P&Dhas gone |nto
the |atest mode|s o ||ght towers.
RiseinDemand
W|th demand p|ck|ng up or portab|e
||ght towers, |t |s not surpr|s|ng to com-
pet|t|on |ntens|y|ng among manuactur-
ers. Wh||e the market |s dom|nated by
the unorgan|zed sector, th|ngs are grad-
ua||y chang|ng or the better, w|th the
-!^0||
||O!|NO !1|3
|osl 0eco~|mg o |o~|||o| 3|gml |m |mo|o
CE: Portab|e L|ght Towers
entryo g|oba||ywe|| knownnames. Pa|me
Mak|na, or examp|e, a we|| known name
|n Europe and other parts o As|a, now
oers portab|e ||ght towers |n lnd|a. The
company |aunched |ts products through
BPDC |n 2011. The companys portab|e
||ght towers are be|ng used or a w|de
range o app||cat|ons, rom |arge bu||d-
|ng work s|tes to h|ghways be|ng ||t up
w|th the tough, heavy duty workhorse
mode| PK4020LPW. W|th a 100 ||tre ue|
tank, contractors can rest assure as the
portab|e ||ght tower w||| need a re||| on|y
ater about 60 hours o cont|nuous oper-
at|on. The mode| uses a very s||ent and
durab|e eng|ne rom Ks L|ster-Petter. 4
x 1000 meta| ha||de |amps are used |n
the portab|e ||ght tower mode|, wh|ch
he|ps ||ght upover 30,000 sq.m.
W|th demand p|ck|ng up severa|
other top names are now oer|ng porta-
b|e ||ght towers |n lnd|a. At|as Copco
lnd|a or examp|e, oers mode|s such as
the QLT H40 or ||ght|ng temporary work
env|ronments, sport|ng events and other
s|tuat|ons. lt a|so oers the QLT-M10,
where opt|ona| sockets are prov|ded to
power up other sma|| e|ectr|ca| too|s too.
Doosan lnracore |s another we|| known
name that oers ||ght|ng systems. S|m|-
|ar|y, Terex lnd|a oers the Terex PL 4000
L|ght Tower or |obs|te ||ght|ng. Accord-
|ng to the company, the 30 t (9.14 m)
extended-he|ght |ood||ght tower pro-
v|des 4000 Watts o ||ght wh|ch can eas-
||y |||um|nate up to 7 acres o |and. venus
Equ|pments and Too|s |s one more
name that oers tra||er-mounted, as we||
as hand-pu|| ||ght towers.
Latest Trends
Portab|e ||ght towers |s a market that
|s st||| evo|v|ng g|oba||y. A |ot o P&D |s
st||| go|ng on the |e|d, |ne tun|ng prod-
uct oer|ngs. Gradua||y, manuacturers
oer|ng ||ght towers w|th LED ||ghts are
g|v|ng the ones manuactur|ng ||ght tow-
ers w|th meta| ha||de |amps, a run or the|r
money. Both have the|r own pros and
cons. Wh||e LED ||ghts have become
popu|ar wor|dw|de or the|r power e|-
c|ency, |t |s a|so a truth that they tend to
cost more thanmeta| ha||de |amps. How-
ever, an |ncreas|ng number o manuac-
turers are expected to go the LEDway |n
the near uture, s|nce the|r super|or power
e|c|ency mean that they requ|re sma||er
eng|nes. There has a|so been a spurt |n
recent t|mes o manuacturers oer|ng
so|ar powered portab|e ||ght towers w|th
LED||ghts.
ln a market ||ke lnd|a the ue| capac-
|ty o portab|e ||ght towers |s a ma|or ac-
tor. Th|s |s because now the |nrastruc-
ture deve|opment process has spread
|nto deep |nter|ors, where ava||ab|||ty o
ue| |s a cruc|a| actor. lt |s thereore not
surpr|s|ng to see a tendency among con-
tractors to opt or mach|nes |n the range
o 100 ||tre ue| capac|ty. S|nce these ma-
ch|nes can operate or extended per|ods
w|thout reue||ng, they make more eco-
nom|c sense |na country ||ke lnd|a.
There |s no doubt that the demand or
portab|e ||ght towers w||| |ncrease expo-
nent|a||y |nlnd|a|nthenext ewyears. W|th
the cons|stent growth o the |nrastructure
sector and the rea| estate sector, a s|ew
o newmode|so portab|e||ght towers are
expected to h|t the market |n the near u-
ture. W|th the huge potent|a| on oer, lnd|a
cou|d emerge as the numero uno market
or portab|e ||ght towers very soon.
The |ncreased ocus on saety has pushed demand or
portab|e ||ght towers
Demand |n the lnd|an market cou|d soon catch up w|th
European countr|es
sage o portab|e
||ght towers |n
|nrastructure
pro|ects
|n remote areas
has r|sen |n recent
t|mes |n lnd|a
lnternat|ona| Pro|ect
0movom| 0o|o-||smmo
|NNv^!|N
|| the student des|gners o Hong Kong and the

who|e wor|d w||| soon be |nsp|red by a un|que|y
Ades|gned lnnovat|on Tower eatured by Hong
Kong Po|ytechn|c n|vers|ty. The Wor|d-renowned
Pr|tzker-pr|ze-w|nn|ng lraq|-Br|t|sh arch|tect, Zaha Had|d
has been chosen as the Ch|e Arch|tect o the pro|ect by
the n|vers|ty. The pro|ect, |ocated at the northeast s|de
o the un|vers|ty campus, w||| serve as a dr|v|ng orce |n
the deve|opment o Hong Kong as a des|gn hub |n As|a.
Th|s bu||d|ng w||| be Had|ds |rst permanent arch|tec-
tura| work |nHong Kong.
ln Ju|y 2011, the Hong Kong Jockey
C|ub approved und|ng o HK$249 m||-
||on or the lnnovat|on Tower. The tower
|sthereore renamed Jockey C|ub lnno-
vat|on Tower. Or|g|na||y expected to be
comp|eted by the end o 2011, |t was
not |n|shedunt|| m|d-2013. The76meter-
h|gh tower |s be|ng bu||t to house the
|nst|tut|ons des|gn schoo| and |s part o
a p|an to transorm Hong Kong |nto a
|ead|ng des|gn hub o As|a. pon com-
p|et|on, the Tower prov|ded some
12,000 square metres (130,000 sq t) o
net operat|ona| |oor area and ab|e to
accommodate about 1,800 sta and
students. The tower w||| house the
Schoo| o Des|gn (SD) and support the
deve|opment o |ts spec|a||sms,
name|y Env|ronmenta| Des|gn, lndus-
tr|a| and Product Des|gn, v|sua| Com-
mun|cat|on, Advert|s|ng as we|| as D|g|-
ta| Des|gn. Features o the tower |nc|u-
de 13 Communa| v|ew|ng Lounge and
Schoo| o Des|gn Execut|ve O|ces,
11&12 Teach|ng Spaces and O|ces,
5-10 Schoo| o Des|gn Stud|os, Labs
and O|ces, 4 Centre or lnter-Depart-
menta| Des|gn Co||aborat|on Act|v|t|es,
3 C|assrooms and Lecture Ha||s, 2 (Po-
d|um) Des|gn Museum and Exh|b|t|on
Space and 1 Schoo| o Des|gn Work-
shops
The near|y-comp|eted Tower |s an
|mprov|sed vers|on o the tower-and-
pod|um typo|ogy, w|th a concrete po-
d|um and the |ouvered tower v|sua||y
un|ted by |ow|ng orms. lts des|gn d|s-
so|ves the c|ass|c typo|ogy o the tower
and the pod|um |nto a seam|ess p|ece,
76 meter-h|gh tower |s be|ng bu||t to house the |nst|tut|ons
des|gn schoo| and |s part o a p|an to transorm Hong Kong
|nto a |ead|ng des|gn hub o As|a
Budgel.
lrchilecls.
Locolion.
Design.
Pro|ecl Direclor.
Pro|ecl Leoder.
Pro|ecl Teon.
0onpelilion Teon.
Locol lrchilecl l0onsullonlsI.
Slruclurol &0eolechnicol.
Building Services.
Londscope.
lcouslic.
Progron.
Slolus.
Nel 0ccupied Floor lreo.
Heighl.
0opocily.
E2O,OOO,OOO o
Z~~ ~oio /:ilels
o:q o:q, Ci:~
Z~~ ~oio,
P~l:i Sun~e:
\oooy TY~o
Sino: Yu
i:i o:q, Y~:q
Ji:qwe:, Ji:qi u~:q, Ju~: Liu,
Dessie T~n
i:i wo:q,
Meooie Leu:q, Lo:q Ji~:q, Ze:|i~:q
0uo, Y~:q Ji:qwe:, Mi:o: Muly~L~,
P~vos `~:lopouus, M~:q~:il~
Yo:o~:ov~, \~ov~
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FcIIcwingis tbecverview
cf tbeinncvaticntcwer:
The tower w||| a|so prov|de add|t|ona| space to ac|||tate
|nter-d|sc|p||nary research and educat|on |n the |e|d o des|gn
Had|d sa|d. The des|gn unashamed|y
a|ms to st|mu|ate a v|s|on o poss|b|||-
t|es or the uture wh||st re|ect|ng the
h|story o the |nst|tut|on. The tower w|||
a|so prov|de add|t|ona| space to ac|||-
tate |nter-d|sc|p||nary researchand edu-
cat|on|nthe|e|do des|gn. Thetopp|ng-
out ceremony was he|d on September
24. On comp|et|on, |t w||| be home to
Po|y Schoo| o Des|gn (SD) and the
new|y estab||shed Jockey C|ub Des|gn
lnst|tute or Soc|a| lnnovat|on. Zaha
Had|ds |rm won the compet|t|on to
des|gn the bu||d|ng |n 2007, a compet|-
t|on that ca||ed or a beacon structure
symbo||s|ng and dr|v|ng the deve|op-
ment o Hong Kong as a des|gn hub |n
As|a. She and her team took as the|r
gu|d|ng pr|nc|p|e the co||atera| |ex|b||-
|ty between the departments to be hou-
sed |n the bu||d|ng. The|r so|ut|on was
to d|sso|ve the c|ass|c typography o
tower and pod|um to create a seam-
|ess|y |u|d new structure creat|ng a
bu||d|ng wh|ch |s |nherent|y organ|zed
andunderstoodtov|s|tors romthepo|nt
o entry. Ath|et|c |e|ds surround|ng the
bu||d|ng were ra|sed to create a new
surround|ng |andscape. The ma|n pe-
destr|anentrancewas p|acedat pod|um
|eve| at thesamet|me, a||ow|ngthe|ower
|eve|s to be used or access routes to
the rest o the campus. A |ong pathway
rom nearby Suen Ch| Sun Memor|a|
Square to an open oyer creates a oca|
po|nt, where the bu||d|ng space opens
to shops, a caeter|a, museum, and
exh|b|t|onarea.
ln th|s new "lnnovat|on Tower", there
189
The myr|ad o workspaces accommodated w|th|n the new schoo| oer themse|ves as a var|ety o
v|sua| showcases
w||| be an advanced Car Des|gn Stud|o,
Fash|on Accessor|es Mater|a|s Labs, a
SoundStud|oor Mu|t|-med|a andEnter-
ta|nment Des|gn, a Museum to show-
case |oca| and |nternat|ona| des|gn
c|ass|cs, and a pub||c ga||ery to exh|b|t
works o sta and students o SD as
we|| as |oca| ta|ents.The |u|d character
|s generated through an |ntr|ns|c com-
pos|t|on o |ts |andscape, |oor p|ates
and |ouvers, that d|sso|ves the c|ass|c
typo|ogy o the tower and the pod|um
|nto an |con|c seam|ess p|ece. These
|u|d |nterna| and externa| courtyards
create newpub||c spaces o an |nt|mate
sca|e wh|ch comp|ement the |arge open
exh|b|t|on orums and outdoor recre-
at|ona| ac|||t|es to promote a d|vers|ty
o c|v|c spaces. The Hong Kong Po|y-
techn|c n|vers|ty (HKPo|y) |s an urban
endeavour by v|rtue o add|t|on and
growth over the |ast 40 years. The r|ch
patchwork o var|ous acu|t|es, com-
mun|t|es and ac|||t|es are strung to-
gether by a commun|ty o v|sua||y co-
herent yet d|erent bu||d|ngs. The lnno-
vat|on Tower a|ms to use these vo|ds to
createanaccess|b|eurbanspacewh|ch
w||| transorm how the Hong Kong Po|y
n|vers|ty |s perce|ved and the way |t
w||| be used. The bu||d|ng unashamed|y
a|ms to st|mu|ate and pro|ect a v|s|on o
poss|b|||t|es or |ts uture, as we|| as
re|ect the h|story o the HK Po|y by
encapsu|at|ng |n |ts arch|tecture the
processo change. Theproposedv|s|on
o the new lnnovat|on Tower presents a
un|que opportun|ty to re-exam|ne and
address a creat|ve, mu|t| d|sc|p||nary
env|ronment. The |rst arch|tectura| ges-
ture |s to ra|se the |andscape o the
ex|st|ng ootba|| |e|d and tenn|s grounds,
so as to p|ace the ma|n pedestr|an
entrance o the new schoo| bu||d|ng on
a |eve| open to |ts |mmed|ate context at
pod|um |eve|. The ree ground be|ow
becomes access|b|e rom the estab-
||shed ma|n campus route (Yuk Cho|
Poad) to proposed workshops, park-
|ng and access to uture deve|opment
on Phase 8. The newlnnovat|on Tower
on pod|um |eve| |s estab||shed as an
open pub||c oyer that channe|s deep
|nto the bu||d|ng through a co|umn-ree,
open showcase orum. The pod|um|eve|
|s a route that ramps and stretches
through towards the open ground w|th
re|ocated recreat|ona| outdoor ac|||-
t|es. From the entry oyer, a |ong esca-
|ator penetrates deepupwards through
our |eve|s o open|y g|azed workspaces.
The myr|ad o workspaces accommo-
dated w|th|n the newschoo| oer them-
se|ves as a var|ety o v|sua| showcases.
The route throughthe bu||d|ngbecomes
a c|ear upward cascade o showcases
and events a||ow|ng the student or v|s|-
tor to v|sua||y covet and engage work
and exh|b|ts throughout |ts c|rcu|at|on
passage. These routes a|m to promote
new opportun|t|es o |nteract|on between
the d|verse types o users through |ts
spaces through every |eve|. vo|ds br|ng
|n natura| day||ght, resh a|r and the
sense o cont|nu|ty o space. ln th|s
way, the programs o the tower, wh|ch
compr|se o |earn|ng c|usters and cen-
tra| ac|||t|es, are a||owed to create coor-
d|nated reperto|res and d|a|ogue
betweenrespect|ve vo|umes. vo|ds br|ng |n natura| day||ght, resh a|r and the sense o cont|nu|ty o space
he |oor|ng |ndustry has a|ways
p|aced a strong emphas|s on
smoothand|eve| concretesuraces T
upon wh|ch to |nsta|| res|||ent |oor|ng.
W|th todays |arge amount o commer-
c|a| remode||ng/renovat|on pro|ects,
the attempts to reduce costs |n the new
construct|on market and the dec||n|ng
ava||ab|||ty o competent cement |n|sh-
ers, you need a product that he|p to
so|ve most prob|ems re|ated to |oor
|eve||ng and repa|r. Fortunate|y, mod-
ern se|-|eve||ng cements prov|de you
w|th so|ut|ons that are techn|ca||y sound
and cost eect|ve.
Cement|t|ous Se|-|eve||ng |oor|ng
|s po|ymer-mod||ed cement that has
h|gh |ow character|st|cs and, |n con-
trast to trad|t|ona| concrete, does not
requ|re the add|t|on o excess|ve
amounts o water or p|acement. Se|-
|eve||ng product a|so ca||ed se| |eve|-
|ng concrete, |s typ|ca||y used to create
a |at and smooth surace w|th a com-
press|ve strength s|m||ar to or h|gher
than that o trad|t|ona| concrete pr|or to
|nsta|||ng |nter|or |oor cover|ngs. Se|-
|eve||ng concrete has |ncreased |npop-
u|ar|ty as the degree o |atness and
smoothness requ|red or |oor cover|ng
products has |ncreased, w|th v|ny|
goods gett|ng th|nner and |oor t||es get-
t|ng |arger, or examp|e.
History
The term se|-|eve||ng was co|ned |n
the n|ted States by one manuacturer
|n year 1978 |n reerence to the|r |rst
se|-|eve||ng product. The term was
used to d|erent|ate |t rom trad|t|ona|
concrete, wh|ch |s typ|ca||y st|er and
requ|res more |abor to get |t |nto p|ace
and |n|shw|tha trowe|.
Areaof Application
Cement|t|ous Se| Leve||ng |oor-
|ngs are c|ass||ed |nto two ma|n groups
Ce~eml|l|ous 3e|t |eve|||mg
||oo||mg |m |mo|o
^smwom| Jmo. Oeme|o| \omoge|. \u|l|cme~ O|oup. \u~oo|
o mater|a|s: under|ayments and top-
p|ngs. nder|ayments are |nsta||ed
over an ex|st|ng sub|oor to smooth |t
out and correct any surace |rregu|ar|-
t|es pr|or to the |nsta||at|ono a|| types o
|oor cover|ngs, |nc|ud|ng sheet v|ny|,
v|ny| compos|t|on t||e (vCT), wood,
ceram|c t||e and carpet. Topp|ngs per-
orm a s|m||ar unct|on but act as the
actua| |n|shed |oor w|thout the need
or a |oor cover|ng. Some typ|ca| app||-
cat|ons or concrete topp|ngs |nc|ude
warehouse |oors, ||ght |ndustr|a| app||-
cat|ons, reta|| stores and |nst|tut|ona|
ac|||t|es. Concrete topp|ngs can a|so
rece|ve p|gmented co|or dyes, sta|ns,
saw cuts or mechan|ca| po||sh|ng to
produce a decorat|ve concrete |n-
|shed wear surace. These |oor|ngs
cana|so be coated w|thadvanced coat-
|ngs based on epoxy, acry||c and po|y-
urethane res|ns.
When se|-|eve||ng concrete |s poured,
|t has a v|scos|ty s|m||ar to pancake bat-
ter. A gauge rake |s used to move |t |nto
p|ace w|thout spread|ng |t too th|n. The
|n|sh|ng |s then done by ||ght|y break-
|ng the surace tens|on o the product
us|ng a too| ca||ed a smoother. The po|y-
mers |n the se|-|eve||ng m|x keep the
v|scos|ty o the product such that |t
rema|ns un|orm |n compos|t|on rom
top to bottom w|thout the sand aggre-
gates s|nk|ng to the bottom o the
|nsta||ed |ayer. The typ|ca| |nsta||at|on
th|ckness o these products |s about
0.25 |nches to ensure there |s enough
mass present or the mater|a| to |ow,
a|though some se|-|eve||ng products
now ex|st that can be |nsta||ed at an
average th|ckness o on|y 0.125 |nches
extend|ng up to 3 |nches or h|gh|y
undu|ated sub|oors.
What is Self-Leveling?
Many th|nk "se|-|eve||ng" means
that you pour a m|xed batch |n the cen-
tre o the room and |t w||| take care o
|tse|. But |t |s not so. lt means that m|x-
ture o powder and water has a |owv|s-
cos|ty to a||ow mater|a| to seek |ts own
|eve| beore sett|ng. Mater|a| need to be
taken to other p|ace w|th gage rake and
smoother.
Advantages
Trad|t|ona| methods o |eve||ng and
repa|r|ng concrete |oors are both |abor
|ntens|ve and requ|re the use o
screeds, trowe|s and sanders that are
|ess than des|rab|e because o s|te m|x-
|ng, waves, cracks, etc.
Se| |eve||ng prod|cts have a var|ety
o advantages over trowe| ab| e
under|ayments:
1. App||cat|on |s about e|ght t|mes
aster thantrowe|ab|eunder|ayments.
2. They do not requ|re the same h|gh
degreeo expert|seashandtrowe||ng.
3. They can be used to repa|r a var|ety
o substrates.
4. Theyareast sett|ngandcanbewa|ked
on|na ewhours.
5. F|oors can usua||y be |nsta||ed the
next day.
6. They can be |nsta||ed rom a eather
edge to severa| |nches |n one pour
w|th||tt|e to no shr|nkage.
7. They deve|op h|gh compress|ve
strengths (4,000 ps| or greater).
8. They are water res|stant and do not
promote the growth o m|crob|a|
contam|nates.
Application
Substratepreparation
The key to success when |nsta|||ng
se|-|eve||ng products |s to ach|eve a
good bond between the substrate and
the se|-|eve||ng under|ayment. Proper
preparat|on o the concrete surace |s
the most |mportant actor. The surace
must be sound, c|ean and ree o such
res|dua|s as o||, grease, wax, d|rt, sea|-
Cement|t|ous F|oor|ng
ers, cur|ng compounds and adhes|ves.
Most se|-|eve||ng substrates are shot
b|asted to |nsure that the substrate |s
c|ean and ree o contam|nants.
Pemember, tak|ng a shortcut |n sub-
strate preparat|on |s an open |nv|tat|on
to a||ure.
Priming
ln a|most a|| se|-|eve||ng products
they recommend the use o a pr|mer to
work as a bond|ng agent. There are two
types o pr|mers used. One |s or porous
and absorbent substrates, wh||e the
other type |s used when go|ng over a
non-porous substrates, suchas ceram|c,
quarry, terrazzo, marb|e, stee|, |ead, and
cutback adhes|ve res|dues.
On spec|a| types o substrates an
add|t|ve may be recommended or spe-
c|a| types o substrates such as meta|
substrates and or cutback adhes|ve
res|due. The add|t|ve w||| add add|t|ona|
bond|ng strength and w||| a||ow a ||tt|e
b|t o de|ect|on|nto the m|x.
Temperatures
Temperature contro| |s v|ta| to the
success o us|ng se|-|eve|ers. W|th
se|-|eve|ers heat |s your worst enemy.
Whenyouaredea||ngw|thase|-|eve||ng
product, you must mon|tor our tem-
peratures.
1. Amb|ent temperature
2. S|ab temperature
3. Powder temperature
4. M|x water temperature
l any o these temperatures exceed
28.0C |t w||| prove to be detr|menta| to
the app||cat|on. ln warm weather con-
d|t|ons the pour may have to be done
ear|y |n the morn|ng or |ate |n the eve-
n|ng when temperatures are coo|er.
Powders can be stored |n a coo| p|ace
and the m|x water conta|ner can be
|||ed w|th severa| b|ocks o |ce to coo|
the m|x water. Heat causes the se|-
|eve||ng m|x to stop |ow|ng prema-
ture|y, usua||y |ess than |ve m|nutes,
mak|ng |t d||cu|t to get |t p|aced on
t|me.
ln co|d cond|t|ons the se|-|eve|er
w||| s|ow |ts set t|me down, but beware
o any temperatures be|ow 10.0OC, as
|t w||| a|so have an adverse eect on the
m|x.
Mixing: When m|x|ng, |t |s cr|t|ca| to
use the correct water-to-powder m|x-
ture. M|x|ng |s done by add|ng the cor-
rect amount o powder toa premeasured
amount o water. Once the powder |s
added to the water |t |s necessary to
power m|x w|th a heavy duty dr||| at
about a 650 rpm or approx|mate|y two
m|nutes. Power m|x|ng w||| break the
surace tens|on |n the water, a||ow|ng
or a smooth m|x that w||| |ow eas||y or
about s|x to e|ght m|nutes. Once the
m|x|ng |s comp|ete, get the m|x out o
the conta|ner and on to the |oor w|thout
de|ay. The approx|mate t|me rom the
t|me the powder h|ts the water to the
stop o the |ow t|me |s about 10 m|n-
utes at room temperature, and you st|||
need t|me or the spread|ng and
smooth|ng process.
Spreading: lmmed|ate|y ater the
m|x|ng process |s comp|eted, pour the
m|x onto the |oor and move the m|x
w|th a spreader to obta|n a un|orm
th|ckness. The spreader |s a stand-up,
hand he|d dev|ce that can be set to
app|y a des|red even th|ckness o
under|ayment over the substrate.
Smoothing: The smoother |s a sec-
ond hand he|d-dev|ce to p|ace the |na|
smooth|ng by remov|ng the spreader
marks, ootpr|nts and a|| |rregu|ar|t|es.
The work|ng t|me var|es e|ght to ten
m|nutes depend|ng upon temperature.
Wh||e th|s doesnt seem ||ke much t|me
|t |s more than adequate to spread and
smooth the area. For examp|e, a crew
o three can cover about 1,500 square
eet per hour w|thout any d||cu|ty.
Pumping: For |arge |nsta||at|ons
se|-|eve||ng under|ayments can be
pumped. The pumpw||| contro| the cr|t-
|ca| water-to-powder m|xture and a||ow
or a aster |nsta||at|on. For examp|e, a
three-man crewcan eas||y do 7,000 sq.
t. per hour.
Drying
The usua| dry|ng takes about two
hours beore you can wa|k on the new|y
|nsta||ed surace, and res|||ent |oor|ng
can be |nsta||ed the next day. Care
must be taken to not a||ow the under-
|ayment to dry too ast.
Specifications of SLUFlooring
Appropr|ate |oor |atness requ|re-
ments or the s|ab, based on cond|-
t|ons, |ntended usage, and serv|ce
requ|rements, can be ound |n ACl 302
sect|on - Gu|de or c oncrete F|oor and
S|ab Construct|on. A|though there |s no
exact method o compar|ng -numbers
to convent|ona| stra|ghtedge test|ng
resu|ts, the o||ow|ng chart can be used
as a gu|de||ne to approx|mate va|ues
betweenthe two:
F-Number Results of Self-Leveling
Applications
lnsta|||ng a se|-|eve||ng under-
|ayment makes |t easy to exceed the
requ|rements o the |oor cover|ng. s|ng
the test|ng procedures out||ned |n ASTM
E-1155, |oor suraces covered w|th a
cement|t|ous SL have rendered -
numbers |n the m|dto upper 80s. Other
F-humber esu|I, Ior 10' I|oor 8Ira|ghIedge 8pec|I|caI|on esu|I
24 1/4
5O 1/8
1OO 1/16
gu|de||nes or SLmay be seen|n ANSl
sect|ons A108.01 and A108.02
Condition Requirements Prior to
Application of Self-Leveling Under-
layment
lt |s typ|ca||y recommended that
SL be app||ed |n cond|t|ons where
amb|ent temperature |s above 10 C,
and not more than 28 C. To ensure the
|ntegr|ty o the pr|mer, the mo|sture
vapor transm|ss|ons rate (MvTP) rom
the substrate shou|d not be |n excess
o 2.2 kg o water/day/1000 sq. t.,
based on a standard ASTM F-1869
(Ca|c|um Ch|or|de) test, or 80% rh,
based on ASTM F-2170. A mo|sture
content that |s too h|gh w||| a|so s|ow
the cure o the SL and can aect the
subsequent |oor |n|sh. Most |oor cov-
er|ng manuacturers w||| have accept-
ab|e ||m|ts or MvTP and the|r recom-
mendat|ons must be o||owed. Consu|t
w|th Mu|t|chems techn|ca| representa-
t|ves or spec||c recommendat|ons
regard|ng Mu|t|chems SL and your
part|cu|ar |nsta||at|on.ca| Wh|te Paper
Compat|b|||ty o Se|-Leve||ng
App||cat|ons as Part o a Comp|ete
System Assemb|y.
Genera||y a cement-based se|-
|eve||ng under|ayment |s a su|tab|e sur-
ace or most bond|ng mortars and
adhes|ves. To assure compat|b|||ty, a||
|nsta||at|on products shou|d come rom
the same manuacturer. A|| Mu|t|chem
Products cement- or epoxy based th|n-
set mortar and grout|ng mater|a| are
100%compat|b|e w|th MTlCHEMSL
products. So are MLTlCHEMs water-
proo|ng and crack |so|at|on mem-
branes, such as Pr|meGuard, Mu|t|guard
F|ex, CrackBuster, or F|brecon GMat.
Mu|t|chems ab|||ty to prov|de a com-
p|ete system|nc|us|ve o SL(Leve|Top,
Leve|Qu|k, Leve|Fast or Leve|L|te), crack
|so|at|on and waterproo|ng, uncoup||ng
membrane (Pr|meGuard, Mu|t|guard F|ex,
CrackBuster, sett|ng mortar (Pr|mePatch,
SuperPatch or FeatherPatch) and grout
(SureCo|our or SurS||k Commerc|a|
EpoxyGrout) makess|ng|esourc|ngrom
one manuacturer a s|mp|e process.
Custom Bu||d|ng Products Answers
the Cha||enges o the Enhanced F|oor
F|atness Standards w|th Leve|Top,
Leve|Qu|k, Leve|Fast ANDLeve|Crete
Leve|Crete products are eng|-
neered to meet a w|de range o |ob
requ|rements and address a var|ety o
ex|st|ng |oor cond|t|ons. Formu|ated
w|th Mu|t|chem Contro||ed Cure
Techno|ogy (MCCT), Leve|Fast |s Fast
Sett|ng Se|- Leve||ng nder|ayment
seeks |ts own |eve| w|th|n m|nutes, and
prov|des a h|gh ear|y compress|ve
strength that can accept th|n-set bonded
t||e app||cat|ons |n 4 hours or |ess ater
app||cat|on. Leve|Qu|ck w||| ma|nta|n a
compress|ve va|ue o 4400 ps| ater a
comp|ete 28-day cure, and can be
app||ed up to 1 |n th|ckness |n a s|ng|e
pour. Leve|Top P|us can a|so be eather-
edged or smooth trans|t|ons to ad|a-
cent |oor cond|t|ons and |n|shes. W|th
a 30-m|nute work|ng t|me, Leve|Top
Th|cknTh|n Extended Set Se|-Leve||ng
nder|ayment |s |dea| or |arge app||ca-
t|ons that requ|re |onger cure rates to
a||owor add|t|ona| too||ng and work|ng
ater pour. As a resu|t, Leve|Top Th|ckn
Th|n |s |dea| or |arge s|ng|e or mu|t|
|oor pro|ects that requ|re the se|-|eve|er
to be pumped w|th mechan|ca| pump-
|ng equ|pment. Leve|Top Th|cknTh|n |s
ormu|ated or app||cat|on |n cond|t|ons
that requ|re as much as a 2 th|ck |eve|-
|ng agent and that can be too|ed down
to a eather edge. Th|s prov|des or
smooth trans|t|ons to other |oor |n-
|shes and pro|ect cond|t|ons. Leve|Top
Latex Pr|mer |s recommended as a
preparat|on or a|| suraces pr|or to
treatment w|th any cement|t|ous se|-
|eve||ng mater|a|. Leve|Top Latex Pr|mer
dr|es w|th|n 30 to 60 m|nutes, depend-
|ng upon the pro|ect cond|t|ons (|nc|ud-
|ng temperature and hum|d|ty), and |t
dramat|ca||y |mproves the adhes|on o
the SL to the substrate wh||e contro|-
||ng subsurace poros|ty. For h|gh-r|se
bu||d|ngs, where structura| |oad |s cr|t|-
ca|, Leve|L|te se| |eve||ng product |s
most su|ted, w|thvery ||ght we|ght.
Contributions of SLUs to LEED and

GreenBuilding
One recent trend |n the ormu|at|on
o se|-|eve||ng under|ayments |s the
add|t|on o post consumer recyc|ed
aggregates to enhance the mater|a|s
contr|but|on to LEED cert||cat|on and
green bu||d|ng. Mu|t|chem has a|so
|dent||ed the bene|ts o us|ng post-
consumer recyc|ed raw mater|a|s to
ach|eve a ||ghter we|ght ormu|a. ln some
cases, the se|ect|on o a so-ca||ed
"||ghtwe|ght" SL can reduce the per
square oot (ps) we|ght o the |oor by
as much as two pounds per square
oot. Exact|y howmuchanSLcancon-
tr|bute to m|n|m|z|ng |oor ps we|ghts
w||| depend on the th|ckness requ|re-
ments o the se|-|eve||ng agent as a
|oor |eve|er. The th|ckness o the SL
w||| vary based on the ex|st|ng cond|-
t|ons and th|ckness o the substrate, as
we|| as trans|t|ons to other |oor |n-
|shes. Mu|t|chem Pesponds to LEED
and Green Bu||d|ng Pequ|rements w|th
Leve|L|te L|ghtwe|ght SL. Eng|neered
w|th over 20% Post-Consumer recy-
c|ed content, Leve|L|te rom Mu|t|chem
prov|des the h|ghest |eve| o Greencon-
tr|but|on under LEED 4.1 compared to
any other mater|a| |n the cement|t|ous
se| -| eve| | ng product cat egory.
Formu|ated w|th a un|que b|end o h|gh
qua||ty cements and aggregates, Leve|
L|te prov|des a subsurace that |s up to
2 |bs. per square oot ||ghter than stan-
dard mortar bed |nsta||at|ons. Leve|L|te
can accept a th|n-set / t||e app||cat|on |n
as ewas 4 hours ater pour, and can be
app||ed up to 2 |n th|ckness |n a s|ng|e
pour, down to a eather-edge or smooth
trans|t|ons to other |oor suraces.
Multichem ndustries Pvt. Ltd.
1, Mahav|r Gaurav Bu||d|ng,
M.D.K|n| Marg, Bhadup v|||age,
Bhandup (E), Mumba| - 42.
Ph: 91-22-25669137, 09323890199
E-ma||: |no_mu|t|chemgroup.net
Web: www.mu|t|chemgroup.net
F|g. 2: Se|-Leve||ng Product
tandt L|m|ted and lPAF (lnter-
nat|ona| Powered Access
Federat|on) |o|nt|y conducted M
a sem|nar to un|te access equ|pment
manuacturers, renta| compan|es and
end users to promote the sae and
eect|ve use o powered access equ|p-
ment |n lnd|a. Th|s sem|nar was con-
ducted dur|ng the EXCON 2013 exh|b|-
t|on wh|ch was he|d at Benga|uru |n
November. The sem|nar was open or
members andnon-members o lPAFand
was attended by near|y 60 de|egates
represent|ngover 35compan|es|nvo|ved
|n the powered access |ndustry |nc|ud-
|ng manuacturers, renta| compan|es,
tra|n|ng and saety organ|sat|ons.
lPAF Manag|ng D|rector Mr. T|m
Wh|teman pres|ded over the sem|nar,
wh|ch h|gh||ghted the sae and eect|ve
use o powered access equ|pment |n
d|erent countr|es and d|scussed how
th|s may be app||ed to the access
equ|pment sector |n lnd|a. lnd|as pow-
ered access |ndustry |s at the start o a
steady growth per|od and |t |s essent|a|
that sae pract|ce |s estab||shed now
beore|t growsrap|d|yandlPAFcanhe|p
w|thth|s sa|d Mr. Wh|teman.
Mr. Pakesh Mod|, Manag|ng D|rector,
Mtandt L|m|ted sa|d Th|s sem|nar |s a
p|atorm or manuactures and renta|
compan|es o lnd|a to have an access
to lPAFs techn|ca| gu|dance, pract|ca|
adv|ce and to become a member. The
membersh|p o lPAF |s open to end
users o access equ|pment, manuac-
turers, d|str|butors, renta| and tra|n|ng
compan|es.
lPAF a|ms to estab||sh a group o
members |n order to ho|d a member-
sh|pmeet|ng |n the |rst quarter o 2014.
From th|s group an lnd|an Country
Counc|| wou|d be ormed wh|ch wou|d
be respons|b|e or sett|ng goa|s and
ob|ect|ves or lPAF |n lnd|a, so we
encourage a|| those |nterested to send
|n the|r membersh|p app||cat|ons as
soonasposs|b|e addedMr. Wh|teman.
lPAF promotes the sae and eec-
t|ve use o powered access and be|ng
part o th|s movement w||| demonstrates
organ|sat|ons comm|tment towards
saety. Members w||| a|so have access
to the range o support, adv|ce, |nor-
mat|on and serv|ces as we|| as network-
|ng opportun|t|es. ln lnd|a lPAF w||| be
estab||sh|ng a country counc|| so mem-
bers w||| voted onto th|s counc|| wh|ch
can d|rect|y |n|uence the ro|e o lPAF
and he|p to deve|op lPAFs strategy
and ob|ect|ves |n lnd|a. Members w|||
get a chance to |n|uence the grow|ng
\lomol ||~|leo omo |-^| Comoucleo
3e~|mo| u||mg lme |rcom 2013 ol 0emgo|u|u
Let Mr. Pakesh Mod|, MD, Mtandt L|m|ted P|ght Mr. T|m Wh|teman, MD, lPAF
lPAF Sem|nar
body o |eg|s|at|on and regu|at|ons that
governspoweredaccessequ|pmentuse.
The de|egates ||stened attent|ve|y
to the presentat|on and asked |normed
quest|ons. They expressed enthus|asm
or the estab||shment o an lPAF lnd|an
Country Counc|| wh|ch wou|d promote
the sae and eect|ve use o powered
access.
About PAF
The lnternat|ona| Powered Access
Federat|on (lPAF) promotes the sae
and eect|ve use o powered access
equ|pment wor|dw|de|nthew|dest sense
- through prov|d|ng techn|ca| adv|ce
and |normat|on, through |n|uenc|ng and
|nterpret|ng |eg|s|at|on and standards,
through |ts saety |n|t|at|ves and tra|n-
|ng programmers. lt |s a not-or-pro|t
organ|zat|on owned by |ts members
who |nc|ude manuacturers, renta| com-
pan|es, contractors and users.
About mtandt Limited
Mtandt group was ounded |n 1974
by Sr| Pa|kumar Mod| and current|y |ed
by Mr. Pakesh Mod| w|th a v|s|on to pro-
v|de susta|nab|e growth to a|| the stake-
ho|ders assoc|ated w|th the group. lt |s
a proess|ona||y managed group hav|ng
a|| lnd|a presence and the |argest AWP
renta| company o lnd|a. Key Act|v|ty o
the group |s to prov|de sae and eco-
nom|c so|ut|ons to the |ndustr|a| and
|nrastructure segments. Mtandt |s
proact|ve |n enter|ng |nto partnersh|ps
w|th |nternat|ona| market |eaders across
the wor|d, thus draw|ng techno|og|ca|
expert|se and h|gher returns or |ts
stakeho|ders.
Mtandt Ltd
17/8, West Mada Church, Poyapuram,
Chenna| 600013
Ph: 91-44-42632500,
Fax: 91-44-42632600
E-ma||: |no_mtandt.net
Web: www.mtandt.net
lPAF Sem|nar
Peter James
Structural Engineer
James, who has stud|ed pyram|ds
or the past 20 years, sa|d that | Egyp-
t|ans had bu||t the pyram|ds accord-
|ng to the current theory, there wou|d
st||| be some ev|dence o the use o
such |mmense construct|on ramps.
He be||eves they bu||t an |nner core o
z|gzagg|ng ramps us|ng sma||er,
||ghter b|ocks, wh||e the |arger outer
cas|ng stones were p|aced |n |ayers
externa||y us|ng scao|d|ng made
rom t|mber and |ash|ngs. Th|s |s an
approach James knows we||, hav|ng
successu||y used |t h|mse| |n pyra-
m|d restorat|onpro|ects.
r|t|sh structura| eng|neer, Peter James o
BC|ntec lnternat|ona| has grabbed g|oba|
attent|on recent|y by c|a|m|ng that preva|||ng the-
or|es onhowthe anc|ent Egypt|ans bu||t the pyra-
m|ds are wrong. For centur|es, we have been
to|d that anc|ent Egypt|ans bu||t the huge pyra-
m|ds by hau||ng heavy gran|te b|ocks up spe-
c|a||y crated ramps. Accord|ng to th|s theory, |t
wou|d have taken 100,000 peop|e |ay|ng a |arge
b|ock every three m|nutes to put together a struc-
ture cons|st|ng o 2 m||||onb|ocks |ntota|.
Accord|ng to James, the structures were, |n act,
created by p|||ng up rubb|e on the |nter|or pr|or to
the subsequent attachment o the br|cks and
c|a|ms that the theory proposed by archaeo|o-
g|sts |s |mposs|b|e, as the ramps or th|s k|nd o
work wou|d have been at |east a quarter o a m||e
|n |ength to ach|eve the r|ght ang|e or the br|cks
to reachsuchgreat he|ghts.
ABPITI5REN6INEEP'5NEWTRE0PY0N
R0WPYPAHID5WEPEBUILT!
u|t|co|or Stee|s oers the Mu|t|-
TM
star PEB (Pre-eng|neered
MBu||d|ngs) |s a des|gner made
so|ut|on to u|||| customer needs and
requ|rements. A c|ass|ca| Pre-eng|neered
bu||d|ng system cons|st o pr|mary and
secondary structures, cho|ce o therma|
and acoust|c |nsu|at|on, var|ety o Poo and
Wa|| c|add|ngs, mezzan|ne |oors, cranes
beam and |ntegrated accessor|es.
Mu|t|co|or Stee|s manuacture the
Mu|t|-Star Mu|t| Storey Pre-eng|neered
Bu||d|ngs that can be |xed w|th d|erent
structura| accessor|es |nc|ud|ng mezza-
n|ne |oors, canop|es, asc|as, |nter|or par-
t|t|ons & bu||d|ng w|th crane systems etc.
lt |s su|tab|e or any h|gh-r|se bu||d|ng 2-
10 stor|es, actory bu||d|ng, warehouses,
and oers numerous bene|ts over |ow-
r|se or convent|ona| bu||d|ngs.
\u|l|-3lo| -|e-|mg|mee|eo 0u||o|mg 3ysle~s
Nerl-Oeme|ol|om \elo| 0u||o|mgs)
We Manufacture the Major Components
of Metal Buildings:
Ma|n ram|ng or vert|ca| co|umns |
End wa|| ram|ng | Pur||ns, g|rts and eave
struts | Cranesystem|Mezzan|nesystem |
Brac|ng system | Poo and Wa|| c|add|ng
sheets|Sandw|chpane|sor |nsu|at|on.
TM
Mechanism of Multi-Star PEB (Pre-
EngineeredBuilding)
At Bawa| Haryana, we have a|ready
estab||shed state-o-the-art structura|
abr|cat|on p|ant or manuactur|ng o
PEB (Pre-eng|neered Bu||d|ng) struc-
tures and heavy structures. The wor|d
c|ass manuactur|ng ac|||ty |s equ|pped
w|th two |ndependent automat|c beam
we|d|ng product|on ||nes backed up w|th
|atest automat|c and sem| automat|c
mach|nes or cutt|ng, ho|e mak|ng and
we|d|ng processes w|thh|ghspeed, accu-
racy and repeatab|||ty. The p|ant has an
|nsta||ed abr|cat|on capac|ty to manuac-
ture 25000 metr|c ton/annum. Th|s
standa|one p|ant has the ac|||ty to manu-
acture each and every component
requ|red |na PEB Bu||d|ng.
Multi-Star PEB Advantages
- Screwless Roof system: Ava||ab|e |n
var|ety o stand|ng seam (Mu|t|-
Seam, Mu|t|-Z|p, Zap-167) and c||p
|ock roos (Mu|t|-Lok). Surv|ves |n a||

k|nds o weather cond|t|ons and w|th-
stand to the |ong term eects o the
other e|ements.
Features of Screwless Roof System
- No ho|es
- Long ||e &No Punctures
- No asteners
- Ava||ab|e 1-100mtr |n|ength
- SideWall CladdingSystem: Ava||ab|e |n
var|ety o |o|nt|ess and Screw|ess pro-
||es w|th an aesthet|c wa|| & Fasc|a
|ook.
TM
- Str|p- C|ad
TM
- Mu|t|-Saewa||
TM
- Mu|t|-Lok

- Nat ur al Vent i l at i on Syst em:
Mu|t|co|or Stee|s Natura| vent||at|on
system g|ves 24 hours resh a|r w|th-
out the consumpt|on o e|ectr|c|ty.
Multicolor Steels ndia Pvt. Ltd.
Wh|te House, 1/18-20, Pan| Jhans|
Poad, New De|h| - 110055
Ph: 91-11-30511200,
Fax: 91-11-23513660,
E-ma||: enqu|ry_mu|t|co|orstee|.com
Web: www.mu|t|co|orstee|.com
oer spec|a| corros|on res|stant ZAM
Stee| (a product o N|ssan Stee|,
Japan) wh|ch has ||e 3-4 t|mes more
thanGa|van|zed coat|ng.
- O & S Assoc|ate, |nc. SA has rec-
ommended Mu|t|-Deck Ga|van|sed
1mm th|ck meta| deck or 1,20,000m2
|nsta||at|on at Mumba| lnternat|ona|
A|rport - Pro|ect comp|eted.
- Features o Stee| Deck|ng
- Fast erect|on
- L|ght we|ght
- Long ||e
Our Natura| vent||at|on system com-
pr|se o:
TM
- Multi-Louvers or wa||s, |sava||ab|e |n
var|ety o co|ors, no |o|nts & asteners
arev|s|b|e, aesthet|candc|ean|ook.
TM
- Multi-Vent w|nd dr|ven vent||ator and
Poo P|dge vent||ator or roo, keep
mov|ngthehot a|r out anda||owresh a|r
|nrom the bu||d|ngs.
- Natural Light system: Mu|t|co|or
Stee|s prov|de Mu|t|-L|te Natura| L|ght
so|ut|on or Poo and Wa||s, by us|ng
Natura| day ||ght w|thout use o any
e|ectr|c power, are ava||ab|e |n
po|ycarbonate &FPP Sheets, match-
|ng a|| our pro||e a|ong w|th comp|ete
|x|ng accessor|es.

- Sandwi ch panel Wal l : These
Structura| lnsu|ated Poo and Wa||
Pane|s are ||ght we|ght, r|g|d and
resu|ts |n very ast erect|on, g|ves su-
|c|ent |nsu|at|on and no|se reduct|on
propert|es. Th|s |s usua||y used or:
- S|de wa||s
- Poos
- Part|t|onwa||s
- Wa|kab|e a|se ce|||ng
- Steel Decking: Mu|t|co|or Stee|s oer
w|de range o Stee| Deck|ng pro||es
used w|th concrete |n compos|te
|oors, and has app||cat|on |n a w|de
var|ety o bu||d|ng ||ke Mezzan|ne,
Mu|t|-Storey Bu||d|ng, lndustr|a| &
commerc|a| bu||d|ngs etc. We a|so
- Good design: Good des|gn o stee|
reduces the we|ght o Bu||d|ng and
hand|es extreme|y |arge |oads. We
des|gn Pre-eng|neered bu||d|ngs by
us|ng the best sotware ||ke TEKLA,
MBS, and STPCADetc.

- Sturdy Structure: H|gh-grade meta|
and prem|um components are used
so that you can be sure that the struc-
ture w||| |ast and w||| serve you we|| or
years.
- Erection: We oer comp|ete turnkey
so|ut|ons rom conceptua||zat|on to
des|gn|ng, manuactur|nganderect|on
TM
Multi-Star PEB Applications
App||cat|ons o pre-eng|neered stee|
bu||d|ngs |nc|ude the o||ow|ng: Factor|es,
Warehouses, Sport Ha||s, A|rcrat Hangers,
Super markets, Workshops, D|str|but|on
Centres, Commerc|a| Showrooms, O|ce
Bu||d|ngs, Labour Camps, Schoo|s,
Commun|ty Centres, Pa||way Stat|ons,
Te|ecommun|cat|onshe|ters etc.
Mu|t|co|or stee|s executed some pres-
t|g|ous pro|ects |n the doma|n o Pre-
Eng|neeredBu||d|ngsarement|oned here:
- Honda Car - Tr|n|ty
- SDBeverages - T|mkenlnd|a
- Padhn|k Auto Export
TM
Mu|t|-Star PEB perm|t a|most com-
p|ete reedom to the des|gner and the
arch|tect |n |ncorporat|ng whatever ea-
tures may be needed |n the bu||d|ng-
structura|, therma|, vent||at|on or acoust|-
ca| |ook etc.
Masterbuilder
T
H
E
Nooody Covers C|v|| Erg|reer|rg 8eller
visil: www.maslerbuilder.co.in
subscribe your Coy Today
For more inormalion Call: O4428555248 / O442858G7O8
lnternat|ona|: Mega Pro|ects
1^!'3 0|OO| !^N J|-.
|Ôu^|^. ^N N|1^- C\0|N|
|!3 8IJING DAXING
AStatus Quest
Be|||ng |s a|ready one o the wor|ds
most |mportant c|t|es, w|th |ts 20 m||||on
|nhab|tants and |ts ro|e as the cap|ta| o
a r|s|ng power and second-b|ggest eco-
nomy |n the wor|d. But |t |acks one th|ng
when compared to |ts e||ow mega-
metropo||ses ||ke NewYork, Par|s, Tokyo
and London: lt has on|y one a|rport. Even
second-t|er g|oba| c|t|es ||ke M||an, Seou|
andMoscowhave mu|t|p|e a|rports, and
so does Be|||ngs r|va| as top Ch|nese
c|ty, Shangha|. Th|s |ssue needs to be
seen |n the context o the act that P|ane
trave| has become |ncreas|ng|y aor-
dab|e or Ch|nese peop|e. The gover-
nment has made eorts to |mprove and
|ncrease a|r||ne serv|ces domest|ca||y
and |nvested |n pub||c transportat|on to
and rom a|rports.
A new a|rport wou|d put Be|||ng
a|ongs|dethe||kes o NewYork, London,
Par|s and Tokyo as c|t|es w|th more than
one ma|or ac|||ty e|evat|ng |t to the r|ght
status to the |eague |t tru|y be|ongs.
The ex|st|ng |nternat|ona| a|rport,
wh|ch sawa ma|or expans|on |n the run-
up to the 2008 O|ymp|cs, |s the wor|ds
second-bus|est, re|ect|ng Ch|nas
re|ent|ess econom|c r|se.
Be|||ng Cap|ta| lnternat|ona| A|rport,
|n the north o the c|ty, has been ranked
as the wor|ds second b|ggest a|rport
or three years, the Ch|na Da||y sa|d,
hand||ng 81.8 m||||on passenger move-
ments |n 2012.lt ranks second g|oba||y
beh|nd Harts|e|d-Jackson lnternat|ona|
A|rport |nAt|anta |nthe n|ted States.
The newa|rport |n anv|| |s ||ke|y to be
|n the south o the spraw||ng cap|ta| but
other deta||s |nc|ud|ng a start date or
construct|on and |ts des|gn were st||| be-
|ngdec|ded, theCh|naDa||ysa|d, quot|ng
spokesmanL| Shengbo.Thenewspaper
a|so reported, c|t|ng CAAC News - a
paper a|||ated w|th the countrys av|-
at|on adm|n|strat|on - that |arge-sca|e
construct|on wou|d beg|n next year
(2014), w|th the a|rport due to open by
the end o 2018.
CAACNews, quot|nganav|at|onad-
m|n|strat|on o|c|a|, sa|d the new a|rport
wou|d cost at |east 70 b||||on yen ($11.2
b||||on), w|th s|x runways or c|v|||an
a|rcrat and a seventhor m|||tary use.
FloatingNews & People's Views!
Passengers|nBe|||nghave|ongcom-
p|a|ned o de|ays, w|th another comp||-
cat|ng actor be|ng a|rspace d|str|but|on
between c|v|| and m|||tary ||ghts. The
m|||tary en|oys pr|or|ty over Ch|nas a|r-
3ooogopom 3esmoo||
Cm|et - Comleml eve|op~eml.
C| - |mt|osl|uclu|e - |mv||om~eml
space, wh|ch has worsened congest|on
or c|v|||an ||ghts orced to p|y narrow
a|r corr|dors.
There are constant de|ays and the
|nternat|ona| term|na| |s awu|, Je Lee, a
Hong Kong-based 31-year-o|d requent
bus|ness trave|er to Be|||ng, to|d CNN.
L|tera||y, the best restaurant |n the
|nternat|ona| term|na| |sP|zzaHut. l en|oy
P|zza Hut as much as the next guy but
not |n the cap|ta| o Ch|na. Term|na| 3 |s
thesecond-|argest a|rport bu||d|ng|nthe
wor|d, serv|ces hundreds o domest|c
and |nternat|ona| ||ghts every day and
|s home to the c|tys |rst Burger K|ng
ast-ood ranch|se.
Domest|c and |nternat|ona| trave-
|ers are d|v|ded |nto sub-term|na|s, wh|ch
peop|ecancommutebackandorthrom
v|a an |ndoor tra|n shutt|e, trave||ng the
two k||ometers (1.2 m||es) |n under |ve
m|nutes.
Though |o|nt|y des|gned by Dutch
and Br|t|sh arch|tectura| |rms, the end
product de|n|te|y had the Ch|nese po-
pu|at|on|nm|nd. Trad|t|ona| e|ements, ||ke
|ots o red, an ausp|c|ous co|or |n Ch|na,
andrep||cas o Ch|nese scu|ptures were
|nc|uded |nthe newterm|na|.
Desp|te a|| eorts the sheer unen-
d|ng tra|c has |et a|| p|ann|ng to a||
short g|v|ng r|se to comp|a|nts and need
o a reshac|||ty.
Be|||ngs newa|rport w||| great|y ease
the burden on the current a|rport, but
c|v|||an and m|||tary use must be coord|-
nated to ensure smooth operat|ons, ex-
perts have sa|d.
The rap|d|y |ncreas|ng number o
passengers has orced the a|rport |n
Be|||ng to run at near-u|| capac|ty, sa|d
L|u We|m|n, a proessor o C|v|||an Av|-
at|on Management lnst|tute o Ch|na.
A second a|rport |s needed to d|vert
passenger |ow.
Be|||ng Cap|ta| lnternat|ona| A|rport
has been ranked as the wor|ds second-
bus|est a|rport or three consecut|ve
years.
lt hand|ed 81.8 m||||on passenger
tr|ps |ast year, a 4.2 percent |ncrease
rom the prev|ous year, second on|y to
At|antas Harts|e|d-Jackson lnterna-
t|ona| A|rport |n the n|ted States.
Locat|on o new Be|||ng a|rport con|rmed, the |rst phase o construct|on w||| be comp|eted by 2015 and w|||
add the capac|ty or a urther 40 m||||on passengers a year.
Shangha|s two a|rports hand|ed more
than78 m||||onpassenger tr|ps |n2012.
The p|an or a newa|rport has been
approved by the State Counc||, Be|||ng
a|rport spokesman L| Shengbo sa|d on
Sunday. He dec||ned to g|ve urther
deta||s, such as when construct|on w|||
start and what the new a|rport w||| |ook
||ke, as th|s |s st||| under d|scuss|on.
ZhongN|ng, a spokeswoman or
the C|v|| Av|at|on Adm|n|strat|on o
Ch|na, dec||ned to comment.
The a|rport w||| be |ocated near the
border between Be|||ngs southern su-
burban Dax|ng d|str|ct and Hebe|pro-
v|nce. lt w||| cost at |east 70 b||||on yuan
($11.2 b||||on) and have s|x runways or
c|v|| use and one or m|||tary use, CAAC
Newsreported, quot|ngZhuWenx|n, who
works |n the o|ce |n charge o con-
struct|on. Thea|rport w||| beab|etohand|e
Wang Zhao/AFP/File: A p|ane prepares to |and at
the Be|||ng Cap|ta| lnternat|ona| A|rport on September
4, 2012. Ch|nese |eaders have g|ven |na| approva|
or a new $11.2 b||||on |nternat|ona| a|rport |n Be|||ng
to ease congest|on at the ex|st|ng ac|||ty
70 m||||on passenger tr|ps an-nua||y by
2025, Zhuwas quoted as say|ng.
A ra|| ||ne w||| be bu||t to connect the
a|rport w|th the c|ty center, accord|ng to
a p|an approved by the Nat|ona| Deve-
|opment and PeormComm|ss|on. Pas-
sengers w||| be ab|e to reach the a|rport
w|th|n 30 m|nutes romBe|||ng SouthPa||-
way Stat|on w|th tra|ns runn|ng on the 37-
k||ometer ||ne. lncreas|ng ||ght numbers
have aected punctua||ty at Be|||ng a|r-
port, accord|ng to med|a reports.
F||ght de|ays are requent, sa|d
lryo Tsukada, a 55-year-o|d Japanese
bus|nessman romTokyo who trave|s to
Be|||ng requent|y.Another a|rport |n the
c|tym|ght prov|demoreopt|onsor me.
Yang Yan||, a 26-year-o|d Be|||ng
accountant, sa|d the a|rport was too
crowded. Somet|mes you have to ||ne
up or a wh||e to take an e|evator, she
sa|d. Another a|rport m|ght ease tra|c
pressure.
The p|an to bu||d a second a|rport |n
Be|||ng was proposed as ear|y as 2008,
but the p|an was not approved by the
State Counc|| and the Centra| M|||tary
Comm|ss|on unt|| the end o |ast year,
CAAC News quoted Zhuas say|ng.
The b|ggest obstac|e to approv|ng
bu||d|ng the a|rport |s a d|spute |n d|s-
tr|but|on o a|rspace between c|v|| and
m|||tary use, Zhu sa|d.The new a|rport
w||| be bu||t c|ose to Nanyuan A|rport,
wh|ch |s ma|n|y or m|||tary use, |n the
southern suburban d|str|ct o Fengta|.
205
Be|||ngs a|rport tra|n arr|v|ng |n Be|||ng Cap|ta| A|rports Term|na| 3. S|m||ar arrangements or a pub||c tra|n
||ne w||| be made between the new a|rport and parts o downtown Be|||ng
Peuters
Be|||ng new |nternat|ona| a|rport p|an - NACO des|gns wor|ds |argest a|rport
expected to hand|e 450-500 m||||on
passenger tr|ps by 2015.
Be|||ng Dax|ng lnternat|ona| A|rport
or Be|||ng Cap|ta| (Second) lnterna-
t|ona| A|rport |s a p|anned new a|rport
serv|ng Be|||ng. The name o the uture
a|rport has not beenmade o|c|a| yet.
The Be|||ng Dax|ng lnternat|ona|
A|rport, to be bu||t outs|de the cap|ta|
c|ty, w||| have room or 130 m||||on pas-
sengers each year. ln compar|son, New
Yorks three a|rports (LaGuard|a, JFK,
and Newark) have a comb|ned capac|ty
o 110 m||||on, accord|ng to NJ.com.
The a|rport to be bu||t |n Dax|ng
D|str|ct, about 46 km (29 m|) south o
T|ananmen Square, Be|||ngs po||t|ca|
center w||| be |ocated on the southern
part o Dax|ng a|ong the border w|th
Hebe| prov|nce. The new a|rport |s
expected to serve T|an||n and Hebe|
prov|nce as we|| as Be|||ng. The a|rport
w||| cover anarea o 2,680 hectares.
The programmed comp|et|on date
or the new a|rport |s October 2018 A
new37 km (23 m|) h|gh speed ra|| ||ne |s
p|anned wh|ch w||| connect the a|rport
to Be|||ng South ra||way stat|on w|th a
|ourney t|me o 30 m|nutes. A|| ||ghts
rom Be|||ng Nanyuan A|rport wh|ch
on|y Ch|na n|ted A|r||nes operate out
o, wou|d be transerred to Dax|ng.
nitial proposals
Ear|y med|a reports dur|ng Sep-
tember 2011 suggestedthat there cou|d
be up to 9 runways: 8 runways or c|v||
av|at|on p|us one runway ded|cated to
m|||tary usage. lt wou|d rep|ace Be|||ng
Cap|ta| lnternat|ona| A|rport (wh|ch had
78 m||||on passengers |n 2011, second
most passenger tra|c |n the wor|d) as
the ma|n a|rport o Be|||ng and the |ar-
Some ||ghts hand|ed at Nanyuan A|r-
port w||| move to the new a|rport ater |t
|s comp|eted, accord|ng to Zhu.
L|u We|m|n, the proessor at the
C|v|| Av|at|on Management lnst|tute o
Ch|na, sa|d c|v|| and m|||tary use must
be coord|nated or smoothoperat|ons.
The m|||tary usua||y has a|rspace
pr|or|ty, L| sa|d. The current |aw on c|v||
av|at|onwas made|n1995, and|t shou|d
be rev|sed ater 18 years o tremen-
dous changes |n soc|ety and rap|d
econom|c deve|opment, he sa|d.
L|u suggests more r|ghts be g|ven
to c|v|| av|at|on so |t can p|ay a b|gger
ro|e. Bes|des, the new a|rport and the
current one shou|d have a c|ear d|v|s|on
o dutytobetter servethecustomers, he
sa|d.
TheFact - TheNeedis Real
Agenc|es News & Peop|es v|ews
apart now gett|ng the acts too revea|s
that the need or a new a|rport |s rea|
|ndeed.
Thus The Be|||ng Cap|ta| lnterna-
t|ona| A|rport hav|ng opened Term|na|
3, w|th an enormous add|t|on that took
care o tra|c cou|d not susta|n or |ong.
ln Just a ew years, w|th the a|rports 75
m||||on annua| passenger capac|ty about
to be surpassed |et Ch|na w|th no
opt|onthanto bu||d|ng another a|rport.
Be|||ng Cap|ta| lnternat|ona| A|rport,
the c|tys current a|rport, has |ong been
cr|t|c|zed or |ack o |nrastructure and
constant de|ays |n the context o Ch|nas
rap|d|y grow|ng a|r trave| demand.
A second a|rport or Be|||ng was
proposed |n 2008. By 2012, the ex|st|ng
Be|||ng Cap|ta| lnternat|ona| A|rport was
runn|ng at near |ts u|| des|gncapac|ty
ln 2011, av|at|on o|c|a|s |n Ch|na
announced p|ans to |ncrease |ts tota|
number o a|rports rom 175 to 230
w|th|n |ve years, say|ng Be|||ng a|one |s
gest |n Ch|na and wou|d be a domest|c-
on|y a|rport. The a|rport was p|anned to
be ab|e to hand|e 120 to 200 m||||on
passengers a year, wh|ch, | capac|ty
were u||y used, wou|d make |t the wor|ds
bus|est a|rport by passenger tra|c,
surpass|ng Harts|e|dJackson At|anta
lnternat|ona| A|rport.
lt |s not yet dec|ded how ||ghts w|||
be d|v|ded between the two Be|||ng A|r-
ports. One suggest|on |s to have one
a|rport ocus on |nternat|ona| ||ghts and
the other to ocus on domest|c ||ghts.
Another p|an |s to re|ocate SkyTeamA|||-
ance a|r||nes to the newa|rport w|th Star
A|||ance a|r||nes rema|n|ng at Be|||ng
Cap|ta| lnternat|ona| A|rport eect|ve|y
mak|ngbotha|rports|nternat|ona| hubs.
Approval for Construction
O|c|a| approva| or construct|on by
the Ch|nese State Counc|| and o|c|a|s
romthe most|y m|||tary a|rport Nanyuan
A|rport |n ne|ghbour|ng Fengta| d|str|ct.
A|| c|v|| & commerc|a| ||ghts rom
Nanyuan a|rport w||| transer to the new
a|rport uponcomp|et|on.
Airport Master Plan - The NACO Ad-
vantage
The a|rports master p|an has been
des|gned by a|rport consu|t|ng |rm
NACO and w||| eature a ground trans-
portat|on centre prov|d|ng the a|rport
w|th pub||c transportat|on ||nks to h|gh
speed ra||, metro and |nter-a|rport tra|ns.
Other consu|t|ng |rms are compet|ng
to des|gnthe term|na| bu||d|ng.
Gett|ng to the new, st|||-unnamed
a|rport w||| be easy, accord|ng to p|ans.
The current Cap|ta| a|rport |s 25 m|nutes
away rom the c|ty center, thanks to a
tra|n access|b|e rom downtown Be|||ng
subway stat|ons and pub||c bus depots.
Accord|ng to the Be|||ng rban P|ann|ng
department, s|m||ar arrangements or a
pub||c tra|n ||ne w||| be made between
the new a|rport and parts o downtown
Be|||ng.
NACO, Nether|ands A|rport Consu|-
tants B.v. |s a g|oba| prov|der o a|rport
p|ann|ng, a|rport des|gn and a|rport
eng|neer|ng serv|ces. Estab||shed |n
1949, NACO has ass|sted c||ents w|th
rea||z|ng the|r goa|s or a|rport deve|op-
ment at more than 550 a|rports around
the wor|d.
NACOdes|gned the w|nn|ngmaster
p|an or the wor|ds |argest a|rport. The
Be|||ng New lnternat|ona| A|rport (BNlA)
w||| be bu||t near the Ch|nese cap|ta| o
Be|||ng |n the Dax|ng D|str|ct. W|th a
capac|ty to hand|e up to 130 m||||on
annua| passengers, the a|rport as per
NACO |n|t|a| des|gn w||| have a tota| o
was g|ven on Sunday, 13 January 2013.
lt ca||ed or an a|rport to be constructed
|n the southern part o Dax|ng, a|ong
the Hebe| border. No des|gn or p|ans
were re|eased due to ongo|ng nego-
t|at|ons. lt was statedthat |t wou|dcons|st
o 7 runways, 6 or c|v|||an use and 1 or
m|||tary purposes. Construct|on |s ex-
pected to be comp|eted by the end o
2018w|thacapac|tyo hand||ng75m||||on
passengers by 2025. The est|mated cost
o construct|on |s at |east 70 b||||on
PMB (SD$ 11.2 B||||on). 37 km (23 m|)
ra|| ||nk to Be|||ng South Pa||way Stat|on
has a|so been|nc|uded.
D||cu|t|es |n gett|ng the a|rport ap-
proved has been |a|d w|th dea||ng w|th
a|rspace congest|on and w|th the Ch|-
nese m|||tary ma|nta|n|ng pr|or|ty over
a|| a|rspace. Centra| M|||tary Comm|s-
s|onapprova| wasde|ayedunt|| |ate2012,
most|y concern|ng a|rspace con||cts
FacI 8heeI : hA0 The 8e|j|ng heW
InIernaI|ona| A|rporI (8hIA) ProjecI
Clie||
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Se|.ice:
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|
A|rporI NasIer P|an
Bei|i| Ci|l Ai|o||: |oli| Co||], C|i|
2O1O - 2O11
Ai|o|| |:|e| l|
|AC0
e:i| co|e|i|io|
1JO |A|
FacI 8heeI : hA0 8IAL ProjecI
Clie||
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Se|.ice:
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||.e:||e||
|
B|lo|e |||e|||io|l Ai|o|| ||. (B|A|), ||i
2OO8
|:|e| l||i|, ci|l e/e|i|u|e e:|i||e
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18 |A|
P|ann|ng oI FuIure A|rporI Expans|on
(NasIer P|an)
Award w|nn|ng des|gn by NACO or Be|||ng new |nternat|ona| a|rport master p|an ln Perspect|ve
Be|||ngs Term|na| 3 |nter|or
Author's Bio
The author |eads our De|h| bureau.
An Eng|neer and qua|||ed ADP proes-
s|ona| (NALSAP a|umnus), Sadagopan
Seshadr| has been a sen|or Contract
Management Proess|ona| |n |arge
nat|ona| & lnternat|ona| Compan|es. H|s
doma|n exper|ence |s |n Bu||d|ng
Products, Cement p|ants and Mega
Power pro|ect execut|on. He has been an
expert v|s|t|ng acu|ty and un|v. exam|ner
or Contract Management at the SSAA,
lPn|vers|ty, NewDe|h|.
Be|ng pass|onate about Env|ron-
ment he has now turned to Land-scape
Pro|ects des|gn teamed w|th ||ke-m|nded
arch|tects & eng|neers or susta|nab|e
|andscapes deve|opment He |s voca|
w|th h|s v|ews on these areas through h|s
wr|t|ngs.
H e c a n b e r e a c h e d a t
des|gn2xce|_gma||.com
e|ght runways. Thecurrent a|rport, Be|||ng
Cap|ta| lnternat|ona| A|rport, w||| be rea-
ch|ng |ts des|gn capac|ty w|th|n a ew
years, mak|ng the need or a new a|r-
port |mm|nent.
NACOhas pa|d spec|a| attent|on to
susta|nab|||ty when des|gn|ng the mas-
ter p|an or the new a|rport. lncorpo-
rated |nto the des|gn are a|| modes o
pub||c transport (|nc|ud|ng h|gh speed
tra|ns, metro and |nter-a|rport tra|ns)
wh|ch w||| be processed |n a Ground
Transportat|on Center |n ront o the
new term|na|s. The |ayout o the run-
ways, tax|ways and aprons have been
careu||y des|gned to keep tax| d|stan-
ces as short as poss|b|e, thereby |es-
sen|ng ue| burnand CO2 em|ss|ons.
ln A|rport p|ann|ng and a|rport
deve|opment NACO |s known or |ong-
term deve|opment p|ann|ng to gu|de
the actua| deve|opment o a|rports. lts
approach |s o |ntegrat|ng strategy dev-
e|opment, unct|ona| a|rport p|ann|ng
(a|rs|de, ac|||t|es and |ands|de) and
|nanc|a| p|ann|ng resu|ts |n e|c|ent,
eas|b|e and rea||st|c so|ut|ons.
The p|ann|ng serv|ces stretch rom
S|te se|ect|on, Master p|ann|ng & |and
use p|ann|ng, Lands|de tra|c orecas-
t|ng, |ow and peak ana|ys|s to No|se
mode|||ng, Env|ronmenta| |mpact as-
sessment, A|rs|de & Lands|de geometr|c
p|ann|ng |nc|ud|ng A|rport systems p|a-
nn|ng &A|rport C|ty deve|opment. lt co-
vers Capac|ty ana|ys|s, term|na| capa-
c|ty opt|m|sat|on & ac|||ty s|z|ng, Pass-
enger |ow ana|ys|s |n passenger ter-
m|na|s, HB de-peak|ng stud|es.
SoftwareUnlimited!
NACO advantage |s |ts extens|ve
a|rport des|gn exper|ence and expert|se
w|th the ab|||ty to |mp|ement soph|st|-
cateds|mu|at|onsotware|nc|ud|ngcom-
p|etePassenger F|owS|mu|at|on|norder
to opt|ma||y des|gn and con|gure com-
p|ex a|rport term|na|s, wh|ch can be
expected to eature |nthe newa|rport.
W|th the a|d o APCport ALTOCEF
sotware, NACOhas the ab|||ty to s|mu-
|ate comp|ete a|rport term|na|s, as we||
as spec||c a|rport unct|ona||t|es, such
as check-|n ac|||t|es, secur|ty proce-
dures, gate a||ocat|on or the baggage
hand||ng process.
CloseHome
C|oser home NACO|ntervened when
or Banga|ore, a|r tra|c |ncreased rom
about 2 m||||on passengers |n 2001 to
10 m||||on passengers |n 2007 and an
add|t|ona| mass|ve |ncrease urther
ant|c|pated |nthe near uture.
NACO Serv|ces |nc|ude A|r tra|c
orecast rev|ew, runway capac|ty ana-
|ys|s, passenger term|na| capac|ty ana-
|ys|s, determ|nat|on o area requ|re-
ments, deve|opment and eva|uat|on o
|and use p|an a|ternat|ves, master p|an
and term|na| con|gurat|on stud|es,
cap|ta| expend|ture est|mate.
NACOs modus-operend| here too
has been a s|m||ar strategy.The current
master p|an or the (new) Benga|uru ln-
ternat|ona| A|rport was undertaken about
|ve years ago. G|ven the ast grow|ng
demand a rev|ew o the ava||ab|e a|r
tra|c orecast and updates o p|ann|ng
parameters, deve|opment p|ans and
the master p|an are urgent|y requ|red to
gu|de the deve|opment o the next and
|na| phases. The next ma|or expans|on
phase o the master p|an ocuses on the
need or a second runway and re|ated
cross-tax|way system and the phased
deve|opment o the key ac|||t|es such
asaprons, passenger term|na| andcargo
ac|||t|es. Other areas o attent|on are
the ut|||ty demands ue||ed by the rap|d
a|r tra|c growth and deve|opment o
commerc|a| areas and the |ands|de
access, |nc|ud|ng the ra|| ||nk.
What more can be expected from
Beijing's newairport?
l the most recent add|t|on to the
current a|rport, Term|na| 3 (see p|cture),
|s any |nd|cat|on, European-des|gned
ac|||t|es, state o the art secur|ty and
|uggage-track|ng systems, and a spraw-
||ng open-a|r structure cou|d be |n the
cards or the Be|||ng New lnternat|ona|
A|rport (BNlA).
A g|gant|c soph|st|cated a|rport w|th
state o art ac|||t|es u||y secure anduser
r|end|y awa|ts the d|scern|ng trave||er
|nthe near uture.
50 Years of Terre Arme

(Reinforced Earth) Technology-
An Experience
I
t has been a proven fact observed that civil engineering
does not provide enough opportunities in terms at technical
innovation. In this historical back drop the innovation of
Terre Armee (Reinforced Earth) has revolutionized the civil
engineering after the introduction of Reinforced Cement
Concrete and Prestressed Concrete.
The concept of Terre Armee struck late Henri Vidal in the year of
1957 on beach of Ibiza, France. It took good six years for Vidal
to complete his thesis La Terre Armee on soil reinforcement
principle. He finally filed the patent on Terre Armme in 1963
and the patent was approved in 1964. It is, however, a lengthy
experience when one considers the road it travelled till date.
The first structure made of Reinforced Earth is now 49 years
old.
Considering the growing global acceptance of the technology
and reaching out to larger market segment, Terre Armee,
France, decided to go international and formed Terre Armee
International with the beginning of the operation in Canada,
USA, Spain, Japan, in the 70s and subsequently to other Asian
markets. This needed a high-level team, indispensable in
assuring users of complete services for the engineering and
design elaboration of projects, for production and delivery of
reinforcements and facing, analysis of foundation soils, and
also for technical assistance in the course of construction.
Terre Armee International started growing in leaps and bound.
Terre Armee International was formed to direct all of the
research activities of the group, organize co-operation among
different companies, distribute tasks according to need, means,
and proficiencies and redistribute to all the countries of the
world the totality of information and results.
Saikat Chatterjee
National Manager Business Development,
Reinforced Earth India
Late Henry Vidal Terre Arme = composite material, with an artificial
cohesion
The first structure constructed as early as 1964 in Pragnere
in South of France made of metallic soil reinforcement. In
the year at 1968 Henri Vidal formed La Terre Armee with
Mr. Mauarire Darbon, one secretary and a draftsman. Since
then, there was no looking back not only for Terre Armee as
a company but also the acceptance of the new technology,
globally. The road which has been travelled is first of all, the
construction of more than thousands of structures since 1964
with million square meter of facing. Today, structures made of
Terre Armee are completed and placed in service everyday
somewhere in the world. The success of Terre Armee is
indeed its worldwide acceptance and significant strength lying
in the dynamism of its team, in its high technical level of
engineering and construction services. Original Terre Armee concept
Communication Feature
During these years, 8 billion dollars have been invested in the
research works for the development of Terre Armee Technology
throughout the world.
1969 experienced the first Pure Bridge Abutment by Terre
Armee mass in France, designed for heavy trucks. This
application revolutionized the technology and construction
became much easier and cost effective.
The patent for the Cruciform Concrete Panels (Terra Class)
was obtained in 1970. In the same year, the first subsidiary
was formed in Canada and the creation of The Reinforced
Earth Company in USA took place in 1971 followed by Tierra
Armada in Spain in 1972. After North America and Europe,
Asia was not far behind. In 1974, license for Terre Armee
technology was given to a Japanese company to carry out
the operation under the technical guidance of Terre Armee,
France.
In 1974 it carried out a comparative behavior test between
galvanized steel and stainless steel. The result showed
excellent behavior by the stainless steel in comparison with
galvanized steel.
In 1976 Terre Armees Madrid test station, adapted soil
reinforcement with cross ridges/ ribs. This particular strip was
named as High Adherence strips which roughly doubled the
coefficient of friction between soil and soil reinforcement.
In 1979, French government officially approved the Terre Armee
concept standardizing the following norms:
- Notion of minimum service life.
- The principal of service probabilistic calculation.
- Recommendation for the following up of structures.
Then Terre Armee International decided to diversify their
activity through the use of precast arch system. And this was
the beginning of a new chapter in the annals of Pre cast Arch
solution. The Techspan pre-cast arch solution was a boon
for construction Railway Over Bridge (ROB) Vehicular Under
Passes (VUP), Hydraulic Bridges and others.
In a short span of time i.e. between 1976 to 1986 the Terre
Armee International increased the surface of Terre Armee
structure built every year from 1,00,000 m2 to 7,00,000 m2.
Mr. Henry Vidal reiterated We should also mention as an
example of a study distributed among several countries the
research concerning the effect of earthquakes on Reinforced
Earth, carried out first by French and American companies
(with walls subjected to vibrations and explosion) and finally
confirmed the excellent behaviour of all those structures
which have actually been subjected to earth tremors (Japan
and Northern Italy). This research has just been described in
detail in a study about completed element in dynamic phase,
thanks to the American programme.
The time is past when a soil mechanics expert can claim that
Terre Armee will not work. In reality the theory developed 50
Henry Vidals Thesis La Terre Armee and the First Terre Armee Structure in
Pragnres (South of France)
High Adherence Soil Reinforcing Steel Strips
45m high Terre Armee Wall SeaTac Airport 3rd Runway, USA
Yandi Rapid Growth 5, Irone ore mine, Western Australia
years ago has been completely confirmed and it is worthy
to note that with thousands of completed structures, there
has not been a single mishap or accident resulting from the
theoretical error concerning the design of Terre Armee.
Applications of Terre Armee at construction project
1. Retaining wall to support motor roads
2. Retaining wall to support railroads or subways
3. Bridge Abutments
4. Industrial structures
5. Storage silos for heavy material
6. Dams
7. Marine structures
8. Structures associated with Architecture
Since 1980s, Terre Armee became a global phenomenon in
Civil Engineering Industry and the technology was not only
acclaimed but proven, accepted and tested all over the
world. It was the undisputed first choice for Mechanical Soil
Stabilization activities.
Terre Armee in India
Terre Armee activities were launched in India during 1995,
initially through a license agreement between Terre Armee
International and an Indian company. This project initiative was
launched through an industry-academic platform with Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi. In the year of 1996, the
first Terre Armee project was executed for Arterial Expressway
Corridor project in Jammu & Kashmir state of India.
In 2006, the license agreement was discontinued, and the
business activities along with assets and human resources
were transferred and Reinforced Earth India Private Limited
became fully operational under the aegis of Terre Armee
International, as a fully owned subsidiary of the parent
group. Mr. Somnath Biswas who was already the General
Manager in the licensee company, took over as the Managing
Director of Reinforced Earth India, with a new challenge to
drive a relatively young team of people to the next level of
performance. Within short time span, Reinforced Earth has
become a niche brand, providing specialized expertise and
value engineering services to a dynamic and evolving, but
competitive product driven market.
Over this period of organizational development, the main
activities of the company have been Terre Armee walls and
slopes, in-situ soil reinforcement techniques (TerraNail, TerraLink,
Earth and Rock Anchors) and precast, pre-engineered concrete
structures like TechSpan,TechCulvert,TechBox,TechAbutment
(pure abutment and post tensioned slab) and TechWall.
Reinforced Earth India is committed to improve the environment
protection of construction sites. It has a strong safety, health
and risk prevention policy and dedicated towards a strong
Corporate Social Responsibility.
The commercial approach of the company has been to work
upstream in projects, providing value engineering services
and positioning solutions before products. The portfolio is
well diversified with different market segments, products and
techniques/activity and territories (geography).
Conclusion
The worldwide acceptance and utilization of Terre Armee
Technology make it one of the most significant civil engineering
developments of the last five decades. Its fundamental
concepts have been well documented based on continuous
commitment to research and development, together with the
experience gained in thousands of Terre Armee structures in
service throughout the world.
Yet Terre Armee technology continues to evolve, and its
applications to expand. And as we obtain new data from
ongoing research studies, we can anticipate further
innovations in design and materials. But only those changes
which can be demonstrated through extensive testing and
evaluation to be technically and economically justifiable will
become standard practice in design and construction of
Terre Armee structures.
Guru TeghBahadur Memorial, New Delhi
Navghar Flyover, Mumbai
presented them w|th L|et|me Ach|eve-
ment Awards.
Mr. Chetan Pa|kar, Pres|dent, lCACl
noted: "We are abso|ute|y de||ghted and
overwhe|med by the unprecedented and
stunn|ng response th|s conerence has
generated. Desp|te many sem|nars o a
s|m||ar nature tak|ng p|ace at around the
same t|me our event has successu||y
attracted peop|e rom a|| corners o lnd|a
and the wor|d, c|ock|ng c|ose to 1.5 m||||on
k||ometres by way o |nternat|ona| and do-
mest|c trave|. Sc|ent|sts and technocrats
have trave||ed rom Mex|co on one end o
the p|anet to S|ngapore onthe other end.
lt was sheer gr|t and determ|nat|on o
the lCACl team that enab|ed us to orga-
n|ze such a grand event, com|ng as |t d|d
at the start o my Pres|dents tenure at
lCACl. l w||| endevour to take the Chapter
to greater he|ghts |nthe years to come."
A beam|ng Conerence Convener, Dr.
Surendra Man|rekar commented: The
pr|mary ob|ect|ve o th|s sympos|um |s to
have techno|ogy wa|k |n and out or new-
generat|on concrete pract|t|oners o lnd|a,
wh|ch today has become the ep|center o
concrete act|v|ty a|ong w|th ne|ghbour|ng
Ch|na. Many g|oba| ent|t|es are keen to
estab||sh the|r outreach |n th|s busy hub o
act|v|ty where more than 350 m||||on
tonnes o cement and correspond|ng con-
crete |s ga|nu||y ut|||zed every year. Th|s |s
a w|n-w|n s|tuat|on or techno|ogy, whe-
ther or the g|ver or the user. lt was th|s
reason that compe||ed us to embark on a
techn|ca| extravaganza to be organ|zed
ona b|enn|a| bas|s.
l hope th|s trad|t|on o mak|ng an eort
or techno|ogy transer, honour|ng out-
stand|ng |gn|ted m|nds o lnd|a and keep-
|ng a||ve the memory o a v|s|onary Mr.
P.N. Pa|kar w||| cont|nue by the poster|ty
or the poster|ty."
Mr. Mohan Jacob, lmmed|ate Past
Pres|dent lCACl added: "The star attrac-
t|on o the conerence was the Dr. Suru
Shah Sympos|um on Advances |n sc|-
ence and techno|ogy o concrete. Dr.
Shah |s cons|dered to be one o the most
|n|uent|a| |gures o the Concrete |ndus-
try. The |ntense des|re o part|c|pants to
hear, |nteract and |earn rom Dr. Shah
brought them over rom ar and w|de. As l
moved between the 10 concurrent tech-
n|ca| sess|ons, l oten heard part|c|pants
pass|onate|y speak o top|cs such as green
techno|ogy, serv|ce ||e enhancement,
va||dat|ng structura| behav|our o ta|| bu||-
\u~oo| o||s ul eo Co|pel to|
WO0LD'8 CONC0I H0O8
\u~oo| o||s ul eo Co|pel to|
WO0LD'8 CONC0I H0O8
Fi:sl i:sl~ne:l o R R~i~:

Meno:i~ :le::~lio:~
Co:e:e:e u:veieo
/O :~lio:s p~:l:e: wil :oi~ lo
Loosl ~ov~:es i: sie:e ~:o
le:ooqy o o::ele
0oL~ o::ele qe:ius D:
Su:e:o:~ S~ p:opes neq~
o::ele synposiun
anuary 2014, Mumba|, lnd|a: Two
concrete |egends, 88 |nternat|ona|
experts, 65 techn|ca| papers, 40 J
part|c|pat|ng countr|es, 500-p|us g|oba|
technocrats and two u|| days o techno|-
ogy transer: an apt descr|pt|on o the
recent|y conc|uded P. N. Pa|kar Memo-
r|a| lnternat|ona| Conerence and Dr. Suru
Shah Sympos|um on Advances |n sc|-
ence and techno|ogy o concrete.
nve||ed by the lnd|a Chapter o Ame-
r|can Concrete lnst|tute (lCACl), the |nau-
gura| ep|sode o th|s mega congress
transormed the |s|and c|ty o Mumba|
|nto a g|oba| concrete cap|ta| o sorts. The
event was a |tt|ng test|mony to two con-
crete sta|warts: the |ate Mr. P. N. Pa|kar
(1939-2008) and Dr. Surendra (Suru)
Shah, current|y a Wa|ter P. Murphy Proes-
sor (emer|tus).
Supported by the Amer|can Concrete
lnst|tute (ACl), the lnst|tut|on o Structura|
Eng|neers, K, and the Korean Concrete
lnst|tute, the event was o|c|a||y |agged
o by Dr. Anne E|||s, Pres|dent, andDr. Pon
Burg, Execut|ve v|ce Pres|dent, ACl.
The outstand|ng ||et|me ach|eve-
ments o Mr. Pa| Kumar Markan(stee| re|n-
orcement), Mr. Surendra H|ranandan|
(rea| estate), Mr. v|vek Gadg|| (|nrastruc-
ture deve|opment) and Dr. Narayan Nayak
(geo-techno|ogy and so|| eng|neer|ng)
were acknow|edged |n th|s august gath-
er|ng o |nternat|ona| experts. A rapturous
stand|ng ovat|on greeted these heroes as
Dr. E|||s, Dr. Burg and the Board o lCACl
Events
d|ngs, corros|on protect|on and sk|||s |m-
provement."
SA, Canada, Germany, K, France,
lta|y, Be|g|um, Spa|n, Sweden, Sw|tzer-
|and, F|n|and, Norway, Nether|ands, Den-
mark, lre|and, Turkey, Austra||a, Puss|a,
lsrae|, Japan, Ch|na, S|ngapore, Korea,
Braz||, Mex|co and Tha||and were some o
the many part|c|pat|ng countr|es.
ACl was ounded |n 1904 as a non-
pro|t membersh|porgan|zat|on ded|cated
to pub||c serv|ce. lt gathers and d|str|b-
utes |normat|on on the |mprovement o
des|gn, construct|on and ma|ntenance o
concrete products and structures. The
lnd|a Chapter o ACl (lCACl) |s |n |ts 35th
year. The |ate Mr. Pa|kar was one o the
ound|ng members o the lnd|a Chapter.
lCACl |s a proud rec|p|ent o the Exce||ent
Chapter award or the past 14 years con-
secut|ve|y a test|mony to Mr. Pa|kars un-
matched contr|but|on to the growth o the
Chapter.
India's Very Own Concrete Heroes
Dr. SurendraShah
Aect|onate|y ca||ed Suru by the g|o-
ba| concrete ratern|ty, Dr. Surendra Shah
present|y ho|ds the pos|t|on o a Wa|ter P.
Murphy Proessor (emer|tus) o the C|v||
Eng|neer|ng Department at Northwestern
n|vers|ty, Ch|cago. He |s the ound|ng
d|rector o the p|oneer|ng Nat|ona| Foun-
dat|on Sc|ence and Techno|ogy Centre
or Advanced Cement-Based Mater|a|s.
He has co-authored two books - F|ber
Pe|norced Cement Based Compos|tes
and Fracture Mechan|cs o Concrete as
we|| as wr|tten 500-p|us |ourna| art|c|es
and ed|ted 20 books.
Dr. Shah serves as a research consu|-
tant or g|oba| |ndustr|a| ma|ors Laarge,
France, . S. G., DesP|a|nes, l|||no|s, W|ss,
Janney, and E|stner, Northbrook, l|||no|s,
Ho|derbank Management, Ltd., Sw|tzer|and,
Corn|ngG|assWorks, Corn|ng, NewYork.
Mr. Raj Kumar Markan
Mr. Pa| Kumar Markan, Cha|rman,
H&K Po|||ng M||| Eng|neers Pvt. Ltd. |s
ond|y ca||ed MAN OF STEEL. He |s s|n-
gu|ar|y respons|b|e or transorm|nglnd|as
secondary stee| ro|||ng m||| sector by
|ntroduc|ng Thermex the wor|ds |ead|ng
Quench|ng & Se| Temper|ng techno|ogy.
Mr. Markan gave lnd|a |ts very |rst Grade
500 rebar w|th 18% to 25% e|ongat|on.
Today a|most 60% o rebars produced |n
lnd|a are Thermex bars.
Mr. Markanamous|y took onthe cha|-
|enge o gett|ng lnd|a to g|ve up Torstee|
and CTD bars because o |nadequate
propert|es or bu||d|ng construct|on. As a
resu|t o h|s crusade, the 40-year o|d
strang|eho|d o such rebars was e||m|-
nated a ewyears ago. He has a|so spent
much t|me, energy and resources edu-
cat|ng lnd|as c|v|| eng|neer|ng ratern|ty
by shar|ng know|edge on g|oba| norms
or stee| re|norcement and the cr|t|ca| need
or duct||erebars|nearthquakeproneareas.
Mr. SurendraHiranandani
Mr. Surendra H|ranandan| |s the Man-
ag|ng D|rector and Founder o the H|ra-
nandan| Group o Compan|es, a |eader |n
qua||ty construct|ons. He |s the eng|neer-
|ng gen|us beh|nd the Companys out-
stand|ng reputat|on or qua||ty and |nno-
vat|on. H|s construct|ons are benchmar-
ked w|th the best |nternat|ona| codes.
Wh||ethelnd|angovernment amendedthe
lS Code 456 |n the year 2000, the codes
spec||cat|ons had a|ready been |mp|e-
mented w|th|n the H|ranandan| group o
compan|es as ear|y as 1989. W|th urther
P&D, the standards d|sp|ayed by h|s work
have exceeded the lnd|an code requ|re-
ments.
Mr. Vivek B. Gadgil
Mr. v|vek B. Gadg||, Ch|e Execut|ve
and Manag|ng D|rector o L &T Metro Pa||
(Hyderabad) L|m|ted, has over 40 years
o r|ch and var|ed exper|ence |n the con-
struct|on and re|ated |e|ds. He was at the
he|m o Larson and Tourbos |nternat|ona|
construct|on bus|ness or over a decade
and has successu||y |ed L &Ts E|ectr|ca|
bus|ness (Power Transm|ss|on &d|str|bu-
t|on) |n lnd|a and abroad. Mr. Gadg|| |s ac-
c|a|med or h|s det pro|ect execut|on
capab|||t|es under a|| odds and |s a mag-
n||cent |eader. H|s expert|se |n the |e|d o
bus|ness deve|opment, ormat|on andope-
rat|ng |o|nt venture compan|es as we|| as
manag|ng newbus|ness ent|t|es has been
tested and proved over t|me.
Dr. NarayanNayak
Dr. Narayan Nayak |s present|y Pr|nc|-
pa| Adv|sor, Gammonlnd|a L|m|ted, Man-
ag|ng D|rector, Gammon Pea|ty L|m|ted
and Cha|rman, Geocon lnternat|ona| Pvt.
Ltd. He commands a teach|ng exper|ence
o 8 years, a consu|tancy exper|ence o 8
years and a construct|on exper|ence o
36 years. The 24 br|dges and a tunne| or
the Konkan Pa||way pro|ect executed
under h|s dynam|c |eadersh|p are a test|-
mony to h|s techn|ca| acumen and capa-
b|||ty. Dr. Nayak |s a|ways |n the oreront
o spread|ng know|edge and has pub-
||shed around 100 techn|ca| papers. He
has a|so authored a popu|ar book on
oundat|on des|gn and was the dr|v|ng
orce beh|nd a we|| comp||ed handbook
onAdvanced Concrete Techno|ogy. Honour|ng the |ate Mr. P N Pa|kar
Events
new techno|ogy, deve|oped by a team o sc|ent|sts and eng|-

Aneers rom Harvard, |s an organ|c |owbattery that can do away
w|ththe use o expens|ve meta|s, and |n||euuse carbon-based mo|-
ecu|es ca||ed qu|none that |s natura||y abundant and |nexpens|ve.
F|ow batter|es |nvo|ve the storage o energy |n chem|ca| |u|ds
wh|ch are s|ted |n externa| tanks outs|de the cas|ng o the battery
|tse|. The externa| pos|t|on o the tanks enab|es them to be sca|ed
up |ndependent|y o the e|ectrochem|ca| convers|on hardware,
wh|chmeans the|r storage capac|ty |s restr|cted so|e|y by the|r s|ze.
lt |s th|s sca|ab|e storage capac|ty wh|ch makes them a potent|a|
game-changer or c||mate-dependent orms o c|ean energy. The
ch|e shortcom|ng o w|nd and so|ar power |s the|r |ack o cons|stent
output due to re||ance upon |ck|e weather cond|t|ons. Advanced
storage capac|ty cou|d a||ev|ate th|s shortcom|ng by perm|tt|ng the
storage o excess energy when generat|on outpaces consumpt|on,
or subsequent usage when the a|r |s st||| or the sun doesnt sh|ne.
The ch|e |mped|ment to the w|despread adopt|on o |arge-sca|e
|owbatter|es thus ar has been the proh|b|t|ve cost o some o the|r
component mater|a|s, suchas vanad|um and p|at|num. Fo||ow|ng a
|engthy and exhaust|ve ana|ys|s o over 10,000 qu|none mo|ecu|es,
the Harvard team eventua||y sett|ed upon a mo|ecu|e wh|ch |s
a|most |dent|ca| to that ound |n rhubarb a act wh|ch attests to the
potent|a| ava||ab|||ty o rawmater|a|.
Cantbis 0rganic FIcwBattery DeveIcpedby Rarvardbea
6ame-Cbanger inEnergy 5tcrage?
he Department o Transport (DoT) |n Abu Dhab| has
Tannounced that work w||| commence ear|y 2015 or
the |rst green road |n the M|dd|e East. The |ve-
k||ometre p||ot pro|ect w||| ||nk the ex|st|ng Abu Dhab|-
Duba| Ma|n Poad (E11) and the new Abu Dhab|-Duba|
Ma|n Poad (E311). The Department o Transport |s co|-
|aborat|ng w|th |ead|ng |nternat|ona| |nst|tutes and con-
su|tants as we|| as strateg|c stakeho|ders, |nc|ud|ng the
rban P|ann|ng Counc|| (PC) Est|dama Programme
Team, the Env|ronment Agency |n Abu Dhab| and
Masdar, to he|p |ncorporate the |atest g|oba| th|nk|ng |n
susta|nab|e des|gn.
The pro|ects has p|ans that w||| |nc|ude state-o-the-art
techno|og|es, suchas renewab|e energy or ||ght|ng and
so|ut|ons to |ower carbon em|ss|ons, as we|| as env|ron-
menta||y-r|end|y construct|on mater|a|s |nc|ud|ng recy-
c|ed aspha|t/concrete aggregates and scrap rubber
tyres. Accord|ng to the DoT, the mater|a|s used to bu||d
the road w||| a|so ensure the h|ghest |eve|s o saety and
secur|ty or veh|c|es as we|| as |ower ma|ntenance and
operat|ons costs.
AND NOW, AN
FOR THE MlDDLE EA8T
ECO-HlOHWA
he three-month |ong est|va| was |rst estab||shed |n 1985 and |s
Trenowned or scu|pt|ng a rozen c|ty that produces some o the
wor|ds most |con|c arch|tectura| structures |n |ce. Work began |ast
November w|th over 7,000 workers, arch|tects and |oca| eng|neer|ng
students work|ng to create |ce scu|ptures that span an area o over
500,000 square metres. Th|s years est|va| eatures |ce scu|ptures
that represent Pomes Co|osseum, New Yorks Emp|re State Bu||d|ng
and the countrys ownGreat Wa|| o Ch|na. More than180,000 square
metres o |ce was sourced rom the nearby Songhua P|ver. That,
a|ong w|th 150,000 square metres o man-made snow, was used to
des|gn and construct the scu|ptured c|ty. Wh||e the rozen c|ty
capt|vates by day, |t becomes an even|ng wonder|and w|th each
scu|pture embedded w|th LED ||ghts. D|st|||ed water was used to
make some |ce scu|ptures more transparent. Harb|ns est|va| |s one
o the wor|ds our |argest |nternat|ona| |ce est|va|s, a|ongs|de
Canadas Quebec W|nter Carn|va|, Norways Sky Fest|va| and Japans
Sapporo SnowFest|va|.
Harbin InternationaI
Ice and SnowFestivaI:
An ArchitecturaI DeIight

January 2014 Masterbuilder

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Editor-in-Chief

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