UTRITIONAL PROBLEMS NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

o PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION o LOW BIRTH WEIGHT o XEROPHTHALMIA(VITAMIN-A DEFICIENCY o NUTRITIONAL ANEMIAS o IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS o FLUROSIS o LATHYRISM o OBESITY o THIAMIN DEFICIENCY o OTHER NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS
0NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS-STATISTICS The World Bank estimates that India is ranked s#""erin& "rom maln#trition
nd

in the !orld o" the n#m$er o" %hildren

Undern#trition has $een estimated to $e hi&h in r#ral areas '0 (er%ent o" )illa&es and distri%ts a%%o#ntin& "or *- + (er%ent o" all #nder!ei&ht %hildren %hildren o" s%hed#led tri$es ha)e the (oorest n#tritional stat#s and the hi&hest !astin& Iodine de"i%ien%, is endemi% in +- (er%ent o" distri%ts

PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION PEM re"ers to the de"i%ien%, o" ener&, and (rotein in the $od,. '- / o" (res%hool %hildren in India s#""er "rom PEM. MAIN CAUSES O0 PEM NUTRITIONAL FACTORS Non-$reast"ed Late !eanin& To1ins like a"loto1ins in "ood &rain NON NUTRITIONAL FACTORS Im(ro(er &ro!th monitorin& Poor antenatal %are Po)ert, Lar&e "amil, Nation !ide lo! "ood (rod#%tion and distri$#tion.

CLASSI0ICATION O0 PEM MARASMUS 2de"i%ien%, o" (rotein and %alorie in diet3 4WAS5IOR4AR2de"i%ien%, o" (rotein in diet3 MARASMIC 4WAS5IOR4AR2%om$ination o" $oth3 Assessment o PEM

6ome7 Classi"i%ation

Wei&ht "or a&e 8

Wei&ht o" the %hild

9 '00

Wei&ht o" normal %hild o" the same a&e Bet!een :0 ; ''0/ Normal N#tritional Stat#s Bet!een *- ; +:/ Bet!een <0 ; *=/ Under <0/ Mild maln#trition 2'st de&ree3 Moderate Maln#trition 2
nd

de&ree3

Se)ere Maln#trition 2>rd de&ree3

Assessment o PEM ARM CIRCUM0ERENCE satis"a%tor, ?'>.- %m

mild and moderate maln#trition ' .--'>.- %m se)ere maln#trition @' .- %m

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT Birth !ei&ht less than -006m. INCIAENCEB A%%ordin& to UNICE0 re(ort &i)en in the ,ear 00+ >0/ 0" $a$ies $orn in India are LBW CLASSI0ICATION '.PRETERM BABIES$orn $e"ore >* !eeks o" &estation2less than -: da,s3 .SMALL 0OR AATE BABIES-

Birth !ei&ht $elo! the '0 th (er%entile "or the &estational a&e CAUSATICE 0ACTORS CLINICAL MANI0ESTATION O0 LBW MANA6EMENT Warmer %are 4MC O1,&en thera(, EBM "eedin& Tea%h mother to re%o&ni7e dan&er si&ns 0a%tors Modi",in& Pre)alen%e o" LBW More Instit#tional deli)eries Im(ro)in& No.o" ANCs 2minim#mB ?-3 Im(ro)in& D#alit, o" ANC In%l#desB No.o"ANCsE TTE !ei&htE BPE e1amination o" $loodE e1amination o" #rine XEROPHTHALMIA(DRY EYE!

Aisease d#e to de"i%ien%, o" Citamin A Also Called 9eroma BITOT"S SPOTS Colle%tion o" dried e(itheli#mE mi%ro or&anisms et%. "ormin& shin, &ra,ish !hite s(ot on the %ornea #ERATOMALACIA Ul%eration and so"tenin& o" Cornea and !astin& o" %ornea d#e to de"i%ien%, o" )itamin A

NIGHT BLINDNESS La%k o" retinal (i&ments %a#sin& late e)enin& )ision loss B$%&te'&% B%$n(ness S)o't te'm &*t$on ; oral Administration o" lar&e dose o" Citamin A 2retinol Palmitate3 Me($+m te'm &*t$on ; 0ood "orti"i%ation !ith Citamin A. E&BAaldaES#&arESaltETea et% Lon, te'm &*t$on ; Promote B0E %ons#m(tion o" 6reen Lea", Ce&eta$lesE Imm#nisation to in"e%tions NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA A Condition in !hi%h the 5$ %ontent o" $lood lo!er than normal as a res#lt o" a de"i%ien%, o" one or more essential n#trients Primaril, d#e to la%k o" a$sor$a$le iron in the diet Ca#ses o" Iron de"i%ien%, anemia InadeF#ate intake o" iron Poor $ioa)aila$ilit, 2onl, less than - (er%ent is a$sor$ed3 E1%essi)e loss o" iron 2menstr#ationE ra(id (re&nan%iesE hook!orm in"estationsE other illnesses3 E""e%ts o" anemia In%reases the risk o" maternal and "etal mortalit, and mor$idit, In%rease s#s%e(ti$ilit, to in"e%tion d#e to im(aired %ell#lar res(onse and imm#ne "#n%tions Red#%tion o" !ork (er"orman%e and (rod#%ti)it, Inter)entions

o Iron and "oli% a%id s#((lementation o N#tritional anemia (ro(h,la1is (ro&ramme 2dail, 0e G "oli% a%id s#((lementation to
Pre&nant Women la%tatin& mothers G Children #nder ' ,ears3

o Iron "orti"i%ation - 0orti"i%ation o" salt !ith iron o Control o" (arasite and n#trition ed#%ation

IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS (IDD!

IAA re"ers to a s(e%tr#m o" disa$lin& %onditions arisin& "rom an $n&(e-+&te ($et&'. $nt&/e o $o($ne0 IAA a""e%ts the health o" h#mans "rom "etal sta&e to ad#lthood

CAUSES OF IDD

Ae"i%ient iodine Intake ; Cons#min& "oods !ith lo! Iodine %ontentE Cro(s &ro!n in iodine de(leted soil In%reased demand "or Iodine in the $od, ; Aemand o" Iodine is in%reased d#rin& the sta&e o" ra(id &ro!th 2In"an%,E P#$ert,E (re&nan%,E la%tation3E Aemand e1%eeds s#((l, res#lts in de"i%ien%,. Presen%e o" 6oitro&ens ; &oiter (rod#%in& s#$stan%es nat#rall, (resent in some "oods 2%a$$a&eE %a#li"lo!er et%.3 inter"ere !ith Iodine #tili7ation

IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS (IDD! En(em$* Go$te' C'et$n$sm En(em$* Go$te' Also %alled Aer$,shire Ne%k Enlar&ement o" th,roid &land %a#sin& s!ellin& in "ront (art o" the ne%k A#e to la%k o" iodine in the diet 6oiter $elt ; 5imala,an re&ion 6raded "rom 0 ; = Common amon& &irls than $o,s C'et$n$sm Se)ere "orm o" IAA O%%#rs d#rin& "etal sta&e

Inter"ere !ith $rain de)elo(ment %a#sin& $rain dama&e and death Res#lt in 6ro!th "ail#reE MRE S(ee%h and hearin& de"e%ts FLUROSIS O%%#rs d#e to %ons#m(tion o" e1%essi)e amo#nt o" "l#orine thro#&h drinkin& !ater T!o t,(es o" "l#rosis Aental 0l#rosis Skeletal "l#rosis Pre)ention o" 0l#rosis 4ee( the drinkin& !ater "l#orine le)el $elo! 'm&Hlit Ae"lo#ridation o" !ater #sin& Nal&onda Te%hniF#e 20lo%%#lationE Sedimentation G "iltration3 Pre)ent #se o" "l#oride tooth(aste in areas o" endemi% "l#rosis Ae"i%ien%, o" "l#rineI LATHYRISM Aisease o%%#r $, %ons#min& lar&e F#antities o" L&t).'+s s&t$1+s 24esari dhal3 Lath,rism in h#man is re"erred as Ne#rolath,rism The disease (resents as Cri((lin& disease o" ner)o#s s,stem %hara%teri7ed $, &rad#all, de)elo(in& s(asti% (aral,sis o" lo!er lim$s

o It %ontains a to1in %alled Beta o1al,l amino Alanine 2BOAA3 o Lath,r#s 4esari Ahal is &ood so#r%e o" (rotein.
Inter)ention Remo)al o" to1in Stee2$n, met)o( Soakin& the (#lse in hot !ater "or a$o#t ho#rs and the soaked !ater is drained o"" %om(letel, Genet$* A22'o&*) Ae)elo(ment o" lo! to1in )arieties o" Lath,r#s B&nn$n, t)e *'o2 The Pre)ention o" "ood ad#lteration a%t in India has $anned Lath,r#s in all "orms

OBESITY

o Most Pre)alent "orm o" maln#trition o A$normal &ro!th o" adi(ose tiss#e d#e to enlar&ement o" "at %ells25,(ertro(hi%3EIn%rease
in no. o" "at %ells 2h,(er(lasi%3or Com$ination o" $oth

o O$esit, - When the $od, !ei&ht is

0/ more than the desira$le !ei&ht.

o O)er !ei&ht - When the $od, !ei&ht is $et!een '0- 0/ more than the desira$le !ei&ht
F&*to's *ont'$3+t$n, to o3es$t. CLASSIFICATION OF OBESITY EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON HEALTH CONTROL OF OBESITY

OT5ER NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS RIBO0LACIN AE0ICIENCJ NIACIN2CITAMINB>3-PELLA6RA CITAMIN-C AE0ICIENCJ 2SCURCJ3 CITAMIN-A AE0ICIENCJ CITAMIN 4 AE0ICIENCJ EATING DISORDERS

K K K

Anore1ia Ner)osa B#limia Bin&e Eatin& Aisorder

COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES