Khan Usmanghani et. al.

/ JPBMS, 2011, 7 (19)

Available online at www.jpbms.info

ISSN NO- 2230 - 7885

Review Article JPBMS JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Global Atlas of traditional medicine
1Altaf 1Shifa

Hussain, 2Syed Abdul Aziz, 1Khan Usmanghani, 1M. Akram, 1H. M. Asif

2Hamdard

ul Mulk Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan. Institute of Education and Social Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Abstract:

Medicine as it stands today is being affected by new trends i.e. along with allopathic medicine; the emergence and resurgence of traditional medicine are appearing globally for health care. Therefore, it is imperative that policy and plans for traditional medicine should be chalked out so as to cover all the salient features of applications and implication to cure and prevent diseases. It has been pointed out what must be done appropriately to redirect the traditional medicine in the health scenario in charting the agenda. In order to cover the frame work a delineation has been made to high light the salient features of traditional medicine with respect to education, regulation, organization, practice and its implication in hospital, industry, agriculture and trade.

Key Words: Traditional medicine, education and practice of traditional medicine, implication of traditional medicine
With the resurgence of traditional medicine on the face of earth,orientation and practice in the treatment through the global atlas of traditional medicine plan is rather a necessity traditional medicine comprising either of natural drug or than desire. If all factors that contribute to the development of its extract thereof, whereas in allopathy the synthetic traditional medicine globally, the ten points agenda as given drugs are utilized to wipe out malady and malaise. But below can be represented in its entire dimension for its both the class of studies traditional or medicine are taught development and progress. the modern scientific subject such as physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, community medicine, 1. Education: Separation and integration pharmacology, pathology, microbiology, forensic medicine, 2. Legislation: Policy Control and cooperation toxicology, pediatrics, psychology, psychiatry, gynecology, 3. Practice: Cure, Prevention and Promotion obstetrics, ophthalmic, ENT, Surgery, medicine, Clinical 4. Hospitals and Clinics: Services and Administration methods and therapeutics. Then question arises whether 5. Industry: Manufacturing and Quality Assurance the education program both in traditional medicine and 6. Agriculture: Cultivation and conservation modern unabatedly go on separately and independently or 7. Research and Development: Objectives and Strategies an integrative program be envisaged wherein both the 8. Trade: Marketing and Management area of discipline of subjects be taught together and in the 9. Organization: Societies, Councils and commissions same institution. The atlas of traditional medicine has to 10. Training: Orientation and applications convince the people living on this earth to formulate such program which brings about cohesion in the dissimilation of knowledge in a unitary fashion or bi-partisan attitude 1. Education: Separation and integration dictates our behavior for the orientation of the medical Education is one of the most important factors on whose education both traditional and modern to bring in to the back the whole structure of conceptual plan of traditional reality health care for all[1]. medicine can built upon for its growth. The education of traditional medicine in presence scenario is given 2. Legislation: Policy Control and Cooperation independently as a separate entity in educational Legislation is the basic focal attention in the population intuitions, colleges and universities. The time frame and which govern the norms to effectively implements the duration of course of studies of traditional medicine for utilization of traditional medicine in the health care the undergraduate program is of six years duration program. The legislation is the decorum to bring about the inclusive one year clinical internship. The admission formulation of policies through the input data on process both in traditional and modern medicine is the traditional medicine about the behavior as well as same i.e. 12th grade education in science subject with particular reference to biology. This program in all respect utilization and generate and output with appropriate equates with education of allopathic which caters either regulation for its adoption and implementation. The for MBBS or MD degrees. The only difference lies with legislation is the task of the respective government and

Introduction:

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traditional medicine components in the frame of the rule of law varies with the governess and the due share of traditional medicine role in the health sector. But with the changing aspect of synthetic drugs adverse and intense reaction, traditional products with induction of clinically evidence base documented medicines are in great demand. So the medicine, traditional or synthetic are infact drug so the legislation for both be operative for efficacy and effectiveness. The legislation for the traditional medicine is the central concern so as to enable us to lead a good and humane life. It is not desire to devise rule of law for traditional medicine what is required by the people of this planet to be orderly in the affairs of health care with which we share this glob. The fundamental law documents that is required to be operative within the specific discipline of traditional medicine to frame laws and conduct of rules regulate not to control. Every nation should be asked to structure law for the education, practice, industry, conservation, import and export of traditional medicine and the products to flow and consume by the people. All these are not to averse the process of health care system but to combine all human capabilities to expend the state system in to and integral part where traditional medicine as a component per se demands the equality health for all[2].

medicine into the arena of clinical effectiveness so that a healthy pattern of therapy take its root on firm ground to prevent, cure and promote through the prescription of traditional medicine. In the practice the traditional medicine has to be redefined with the huge armamentarium of natural medicine availability that has the potential to bring about significant physiological and pharmacological effect on biological system.

For far too long nations and countries has depend on folklore, now the broad spectrum of scientific and clinical evidence support should form the roadmap for the practice in global atlas of traditional medicine. In this way the therapy will, without question, continue to be significant and hallmark or beacon of achievement, in the development of medical sciences and its applications to human health[3].

4.Hospitals and Administration

Clinics:

Services

and

3.Practice: Cure, Prevention and Promotion

Traditional medicine continues to add truly significance expansion to the practice of the evidence based natural medicine. Therefore comprehensive updated knowledge of scientific studies and clinical trial of the therapeutics useful traditional medicine have increased considerably in numerical strength both in official and unofficial compendias. In contrast the dogmatic traditional medicine formulation as single and compound ingredients are in thousand approximately 2500 3000 in any given country or nation, as compared to documented natural medicine from 275 300. The essential list drawn out of the thousands formulations bring the marks lowering to approximately 500 as single and 800 compound formulations required to treat different verity of diseases. The international classification of diseases enumerates the large quantum of ill health pattern that is required to be addressed for curative effect in a community or society. So stand the dilemma of traditional medicine vis a vis the diseases and both are innumerable with this the practice of traditional medicine system is grappling with. But one fact is very clear both allopathic and traditional have the ability to treat patients from simple malaise to chronics diseases threatening the life process. It is because there is no difference between the two operatives systems of medicine. The traditional medicines are in facts comprise of mixture of chemical constituents working synergistically to target organ to bring about corrective factor to heal the body whereas in the same fashion the allopathy exerts its manifestation with single entity of chemical compounds or group of chemical compounds. In the ultimate analysis, the pharmacological effects are brought into documentation to prove the nature of its clinical efficacy. So what perhaps required is the emphasis that practice of traditional medicine has to go forth and as starter the physician should give in way to pool all their resources to use at first hand evidence based national medicine and at the same time try to bring dogmatic

Surface of the earth very clearly depicts that clinics are more in number as compared to hospital to treat patients through traditional system of medicine. What actually under lies herewith this fact is that rural population 50 70 % depends on traditional medicine and only outlet source of service is clinic. But this dose not means that urban population is not benefited with this type of treatment and clinics are not located in the densely populated areas. Hospitals and clinics have a very clear distinction in their utility whereas the former caters to the bulk patients out patients wards and specialized, ambulatory, chronic and emergency care in inpatients wards. The hospital, therefore, have always played a dominant role to bring about healthy society. What is actually lacking in the treatment of the traditional medicine system of medicine the absence of numerical strength of hospitals or modern hospitals prescribing and administering the traditional medicine in any given country. This is one of the impeding factors which has hampering the spread of the growth of traditional medicine and WHO conceptual plan health for all. The hospital and traditional medicine can contribute significantly to envisage the clinical documentation as well as research and development this is very much needed as priority so that the bulk of population should have the option to avail the facilities of being treated of traditional medicine in all hospitals. The most significant thrust of global atlas of traditional medicine should be to invite the attention of the government functionaries and health regulators and WHO to advance the system of hospital of traditional medicine in the length and breadth of all countries[4].

5.Industry: Assurance

Manufacturing

and

Quality

Perhaps the largest single factor that is playing its due role is the in industry in traditional medicine sector. Industry has already been engaged in producing different dosage form design either as traditional product or modern style dosage design are actual drug as such. The quality assurance program and its sophistication vary from developing to developed countries based on constraints of resources, technology and strategies of the dictates of official and unofficial agencies that regulate their Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (JPBMS), Vol. 07, Issue 07

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operations.The US $ 20 billion business that revolves competition among the traditional medicine industry, that these in turn are paying more attention towards research and development. The traditional medicine industry is classified in to small, medium and large size industry which caters to satisfy the consumers to bring about curative effects. With these it has been added another phenomena that herbal medicine industry have out stretch their program into the nutraceuticals and food business as well. The notion could be right wherein, these two components represent the preventive aspect and healthy pattern in the society. With the addition of vitamins, amino acids and minerals along with the traditional medicine have paved the way to generally develop a healthy society which is rather a healthy trend itself. If traditional medicine has to chalk out a program for its expansion on a global atlas scale, then large scale industry in the respective industries should strive hard to have their existence in physical form in every country of the earth by coalition, cooperation and association so that better traditional drug should be available to all humans without caste and creed[5]. Traditional medicine and agriculture go together as a partner to supply the raw material that is being used to manufacture product. The supply of the raw material as medicinal herbs or plants are either collected from the wild or cultivated in the field. The collection in wild has put extra ordinary constraints on forest consequently leading to depletion of the specified medicinal plants spp and poses as threat of conservation. As traditional medicine utilization and industry has to grow many fold and bulk of the supply will be required to augment to increase the industrial capacity. Therefore, agriculture has to be only tapped to cultivate the different verities of medicinal herb and plants and in turn increase the required taxonomic, chemical and pharmacological markers by hybridization and germ plasm availability. The cultivation of medicine herbs not only provide the quality but there is a greater elements of authenticity of medicinal herbs and plants to produce traditional medicine as well as to facilitates the industry of quality assurance of medicinal entity manufactured. Every body favors to cultivate medicinal herbs in abundance but the commercial crop dominate the economic scenario, therefore, best way is to cultivate medicinal herbs and aromatic crops as an alternate and complement approach. The government agencies can play significance role to bring into one plate form the farmers industrialist engaged in traditional medicine produced and provide lucrative interest and exert their influence so that bulk of the product be available like synthetic agent for the bulk of the population[6].

6.Agriculture: Cultivation and Conservation

round the globe has put up an extraordinary research and development has to pool their resources that the speed and onset of research in traditional medicine does not at all match with research on allopathy. May be pharmaceutical giants have the potential to incur huge sum of money to invest in research and over the period of years, bring about new medicine into the market thus in the ultimate analysis reap the harvest of financial benefits. In this way the research potential have been blown in leap and bounds but in traditional medicine research and development has been hampered by the lack of good quality of research although fortunately that is now starting to change. The example can be cited of Prof. Dr. Akira Morohashi Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical university who won the laurels for his work on traditional medicine at the molecular level in specialization of dermatology. Although the research on both efficacy and safety of traditional product and the inevitable more research needed will apply to natural medicine in time to come. The plan of research on global attainment in the public and private sector spending and that respective government is advised to spend at the minimum one percent of GDP so that research and development especially in traditional medicine continues to grow. A remarkable vista and vision of science of medicine, incorporating the best of the traditional approach with the latest in diagnostic and treatment recommendation could be step forward for over 1,000 illnesses.

8.Trade: Marketing and Management

7.Research and Development: Objectives and Strategies

Research brings from unknown to known. So the knowledge in any give set of experimental in areas of basic medical sciences and applied clinical sciences goes on unabated development. It is to be understood that every yen spent on research will in time to come will repay in the limitless happiness of health which is what the wealth is. The global atlas of traditional medicine on the agenda of

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Trade marketing is the self regulated machine with the forward thrust of use of traditional medicine is on the rise around the world. The current world herbal medicine trade is estimated to have reached US $ 80 billion in 2000 and the world bank projects it to grow US $200 billion in 2008 and US $ 5 trillion in 2050. the quantum of balance of trade in traditional medicine has been always in tilt toward the developed countries wherein in the developing country it is due to the economic necessity that delineate to put up resistance to sustained growth. The export and import potential of medicinal herbs and plants and traditional medicine and products between the nations has been in place in historical terns but the quantum have never registered an upward trend. Global policies of trade and marketing in traditional medicine design could only be generated by advice potential such that the efforts and endeavors to adopt promotional rules in trade be effective and simplified. This will brings ultimately optimal utilization of these resources would lead to economic development by cutting down the cost of health, reducing dependency on imports and improving the health of the masses, which is now considered as measured characteristic feature and fact for the economic development. The management and marketing in traditional medicine should lay emphases on organization management, production management, marketing / sales management and detail management. All these areas have to be pushed at excellence level so as to understand and develop the human resources in channels of traditional medicines distribution and promotion. The collective efforts of traditional medicine planning, organizing, directing and controlling human efforts to achieve the net result of increase activity in traditional medicine trade and marketing.

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9.Organization: Commissions

Societies,

Councils

and

Communication between the people in the areas of traditional medicine learning and its expansion thereof, is through the dissemination of knowledge by either oral or written analogy. Therefore, the scientific societies have been instrumental in the explosion of information in the given area of domain of classified information through the retrieval of knowledge in documented form of books, journal and more recently the fast electronic medium the internet. However, this could be among the reader and the write up. But experimental gained can be very easily communicated by orals means in a seminar, symposium, conference and that too exert a very lasting impression to imprint on the brain and discussion consequently lead to clarify the areas of scientific learning that is inclusive traditional medicine. So infact societies associations have played a pivotal role to increase the understanding in different dimension of its utility and implications. Every country has its own societys traditional medicine, exerting their influence independently and to some extent in a bipolar fashion. What is required to check the mushroom growth of these societies and association and bring into the cover of less than one roof and that these in turn being independent also joined together like rooms of a houses bound together remains altogether independent. The council has more vivid role being played in traditional medicine sector and are regulated officially and unofficially for the practice of traditional medicine. So the councils can be expanded to bring about more meaningful course of action about expansion of learning in traditional medicine. But all these could be achieved by official patronage being free in their choice and action to evolve and distribute the future course of traditional medicine for the better promise of tomorrow in the health care sector. One of the missing links is the pharmacopoeia commission in majority of the countries of the world. Although international efforts in the form of international pharmacopoeia have given a way to bring homogenous monograph of traditional medicine that could be utilized by stake holders e.g. industry, regulatory body. But the effective way in which the international community could be brought at one platform to follow the set of parameters for any given medicinal herbs and plants rather miserably been failed. Therefore, the global atlas of traditional medicine should in turn convince the people the different pharmacopoeias is an exercise in futility. It would be of interest that the different efforts to compile

Training is continuing education program which inculcates the mental faculty to imbibe and ameliorate the learning process. So training is rather must to develop the human resources with the advancement of experiences and this is rather a continuation process to update the knowledge and learning and that stand even true in case of traditional medicine. Therefore, training is just like a four walls or boundary with in which are the factors enumerated such as education, legislation practice, hospitals and clinics, industry agriculture, research and development, trade and organization requires to be updated and advance for their enlightenment. Training plans in traditional medicine will provide the stake holders and to those health care workers who are, or will in the future be, involved with traditional medicine evolvement and practice with the thorough back ground of science and technology of the practical approach and provide details on how traditional medicine being used in all its sphere of utilization and utility. The delivering health care through traditional medicine and improve the level of understanding through training with a view to provide better, safe and effective, health care services to the population at large. The core curriculum of training is to conduct awareness program and to point out pitfall and there remedial solution among the stake holder associated with traditional medicine and to built public support on the important tissue are to be focused upon the way that proposes a number of multi disciplinary intervention which would address crucial gaps and which would along way towards achieving the development of the traditional medicine globally. The training components in traditional medicine requires stronger national and international coordination and collaboration amongst different agencies from both formal and non formal sectors with participation of public and private sector, this will facilitate the opening of new horizon for human welfare[7].

10.Training: Orientation and Applications

pharmacopoeia be entrusted as the task of WHO to prepare a general consensus monograph that could be adopted and utilized by different nations. If we can woven the people in one form, on the one point agenda of traditional medicine pharmacopoeia the respective commission of each country contribute and evolvement of pharmacopoeia could come into force in time nearby and not too distance a future.

References:
1.Lindsay Stafford, WHO Congress passes Beijing declaration on traditional medicine, Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales 2010;15(1), 64-67. 2.Bhushan Patwardhan, Traditional medicine: A novel approach available, accessible and affordable health care, paper presented for regional development of Traditional medicine in South East Asia region, Korea, WHO, 2005. 3.Charles M Good, Traditional Medicine, an agenda for medical geography, social sciences and Medicine II (1416), 1967;705, 713. 4.Charlie Changli Xue, Chun Guang Li, principle in design-

ning traditional medicine education programs, Pacific Health Dialog, 2003;10(2) 99-105. 5.P. Jayaraj, Regulation of traditional and complementary medicinal products in Malaysia, International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2010;10-14. 6.WHO report, National policy on traditional medicine and regulation of herbal medicine, 2005;90. 7.Jeanne L. Shea, Applying evidence medicine to traditional Chinese medicine, Debate and strategy, The Journal of alternative and complementary medicine, 2006;12(3), 255-63.

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*Corresponding Author:
Muhammad Akram Shifa ul Mulk Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan. Email: makram_0451@yahoo.com Conflict of Interest : None.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (JPBMS), Vol. 07, Issue 07