The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes Hutchinson

The CHESS MYSTERIES
of SHERLOCK HOLMES
The
CHESS MYSTERIES
of
SHERLOCK HOLMES
by
RAYMOND SMULLYAN
HUTCHINSON
London Melbourne Sydney Auckland Johanne bur!
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The *a*erback ed#"#on o+ "h# book # old ubEec" "o "he cond#"#on "ha" #" hall no"1 by <ay o+ "rade or o"her<# e1 be len"1 re6 old1 h#red ou"1 or o"her<# e c#rcula"ed #n any +or) o+ b#nd#n! or coBer o"her "han "ha" #n <h#ch #" # *ubl# hed and <#"hou" a #)#lar cond#"#on #nclud#n! "h# cond#"#on be#n! #)*o ed on "he ub e0uen" *urcha er 'r#n"ed #n ,rea" 9r#"a#n by The Anchor 're L"d and bound by 2) 9rendon $ Son L"d bo"h o+ T#*"ree1 E e:
9r#"# h L#brary Ca"alo!u#n! #n 'ubl#ca"#on Da"a S)ullyan1 Ray)ond Merr#ll The che )y "er#e o+ Sherlock Hol)e % 3% Che *roble) I% T#"le C=?%3 ,83?;3
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To My Wife 9LANCHE and to the Memory of My Brother EMILE and of My Dear Friend
THEODORE SHEDLO8SKY
CONTE NTS
Acknowledgments
ix
A Note for the Chess Detective xi
art !" SHERLOCK HOLMES at the CHESS9OARD

A MATTER O. DIRECTION A DELI,HT.UL 8ARIATION A LITTLE EFERCISE 2HICH COLOR G
$ #% #&
%# %' %& %( $)
ANOTHER MONOCHROMATIC A HUESTION O. SUR8I8AL
MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE YOU REALLY CANIT1 YOU KNO2J T2O 9A,ATELLES SIR RE,INALD IS JEST A RETURN 8ISIT
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MYCRO.TIS 'RO9LEM
A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION
K TO KNO2 THE 'AST K &)

A STUDY IN IMA,INARY CHECKS AN UNSOL8ED 'RO9LEM
+&
vii
CONTENTS
art !!L MARSTONIS ISLAND )#

A9OARD SHI'
)$
THE MYSTERY O. THE INDIAN CHESS SET
)+ )(
ANOTHER HUESTION O. LOCATION
HOLMES SETTLES A DIS'UTE

THE CASE O. THE DRO''ED 'A2N .ROM 2HERE DI..ICULT THOU,HTS O. A LO,ICIAN A HUESTION O. 'ROMOTION SHADES O. THE 'AST
(,
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SOME CHILLIN, REMINISCENCES

A DIS'LACED 9ISHO' A REMARKA9LE MONOCHROMATIC
##%
#%,
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LADY ASHLEYIS 'RO9LEM A LITTLE MYSTI.ICATION ON MARSTONIS ISLAND HOLMES EF'LAINS IT E'ILO,UE
#%% #%$ #%' #%(
#'# A..endix !" MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS #'* A..endix !!" SOLUTIONS #*# A..endix !!!" SOLUTIONS TO MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS #&$
viii
ACKNO2LED,MENTS
.#r "1 I <# h "o "hank a !radua"e "uden" o+ )y 'r#nce"on day 1 <ho <en" "hrou!h earl#er Ber #on o+ eBeral o+ "he e *u//le 1 and *roB#ded a ho " o+ hel*+ul u!!e "#on % .or year I haBe "r#ed "o recall h# na)e bu" haBe un+or"una"ely +a#led% I ho*e he <#ll ee "h# and !e" #n "ouch <#"h )e1 o I can "hank h#) by na)e #n )y ne:" book o+ che *u//le % I" # a *lea ure "o e:*re )y !ra"#"ude "o all "ho e a" Al+red A% Kno*+1 Inc%1 <ho <ere o !enerou ly hel*+ul #n "he *re*ara"#on o+ "h# book% I a) e *ec#ally !ra"e+ul "o )y ed#6 "or1 Ann Clo e1 +or her re)arkably cleBer and con c#en"#ou <ork on "he )anu cr#*"% I canno" #)a!#ne an ed#"or#al "a k con u))a"ed <#"h !rea"er care and ar"# "ry%
R%M%S%
ix
A NOTE .OR THE CHESS DETECTI8E

Su**o e I "old you "ha" #n "he +ollo<#n! *o #"#on no *a<n ha eBer reached "he e#!h"h 0uare% 2ould you bel#eBe )eG
I+ you d#d1 you houldnI" haBe1 becau e <ha" I haBe "old you # lo!#cally #)*o #bleJ Here # "he rea on <hy% To be!#n <#"h1 #n all "he *roble) #n "h# book1 0uare <#ll be de #!na"ed by le""er and nu)ber% .or e:a)*le1 #n "he aboBe *o #"#on1 "he 2h#"e k#n! # on +71 "he 9lack k#n! # on eA1 a 2h#"e b# ho* # on !-1 "he 9lack 0ueen # on c41 and 2h#"e *a<n are on b7 and d7% No<1 ho< d#d "he 2h#"e b# ho* eBer !e" "o !- +ro) #" ho)e 0uare o+ c31 #nce "he *a<n on b7 and d7 haBe neBer )oBed "o le" #" ou"G The only *o #b#l#"y # "ha" "he b# ho* or#!#nally on c3 <a ca*"ured on #" ho)e 0uare <#"hou"
xi
haB#n! )oBed1 and "ha" "he b# ho* on !- # really a *ro6 )o"ed b# ho*% &A+"er all1 a *a<n doe nI" haBe "o *ro)o"e "o a 0ueenM #" can al o *ro)o"e "o a rook1 a b# ho*1 or a kn#!h"(% There+ore1 "he "a"e)en" "ha" no *a<n ha eBer reached "he e#!h"h 0uare #)*ly doe nI" hold <a"erJ The aboBe *roble)1 l#ke "he one on "he Eacke" coBer1 # a Bery #)*le e:a)*le o+ "he "y*e con #dered by Sherlock Hol)e #n "h# re)arkable )anu cr#*"% Such *roble) be6 lon! "o "he +#eld kno<n a re"ro!rade analy # % Unl#ke "he )ore conBen"#onal "y*e o+ che *roble) &<h#ch # con6 cerned <#"h "he nu)ber o+ )oBe #n <h#ch 2h#"e can <#n(1 "he e *roble) are concerned only <#"h "he .ast h# "ory o+ a !a)e% The Bar#e"y o+ 0ue "#on "ha" "he e *u//le can *o e # 0u#"e +a c#na"#n!% .or e:a)*le1 you )#!h" e:h#b#" a *o #"#on #n <h#ch one o+ "he *#ece # dro**ed &or re*re en"ed by a co#n ly#n! on "he 0uare(1 and "he *roble) # "o +#!ure ou" <ha" "he *#ece # % Then a!a#n1 *o #"#on are !#Ben +ro) <h#ch you can deduce "ha" one o+ "he *#ece on "he board # a *ro)o"ed *#ece1 bu" #" # #)*o #ble "o "ell <h#ch *#ece #" # % &Indeed1 a *o #"#on # !#Ben #n <h#ch you canno" eBen de6 "er)#ne <he"her "he *ro)o"ed *#ece # 2h#"e or 9lackJ( I" # eBen *o #ble1 a <e hall ee1 "o *roBe "ha" 2h#"e ha a )a"e #n "<o )oBe +ro) a cer"a#n *o #"#on1 <h#le a" "he a)e "#)e #" # im.ossible "o ho< "he )a"eJ Unbel#eB6 able a "h# )ay ound1 #" # "rue% The e *roble) are #n"r#!u#n! "ud#e #n *ure deduc"#Be rea on#n!% They )#!h" be a#d "o l#e on "he borderl#ne be6 "<een lo!#c and che &#n +ac"1 "hey haBe o)e"#)e been re6 +erred "o a *roble) #n chess/logic01 They Bery )uch haBe "he * ycholo!#cal +laBor o+ de"ec"#Be "or#e 1 and na"urally had an enor)ou a**eal +or Hol)e @#ndeed1 "h# # "he only "y*e o+ che *roble) #n <h#ch he "ook any #n"ere "% 2e are )o " +or"una"e #n "ha" Hol)e I br#ll#an" e:*o #"#on o+ "h# <hole ubEec" #n 'ar" I # o luc#d "ha" any reader <ho )erely kno< ho< "he *#ece )oBe <#ll ea #ly be able "o +ol6 lo< h# e:*lana"#on "e* by "e*% He <#ll haBe beco)e *re""y )uch o+ an e:*er" #n "h# "y*e o+ rea on#n! by "he
xii
"#)e he reache 'ar" II1 and <#ll be ade0ua"ely *re*ared "o hel* Hol)e loca"e Ca*"a#n Mar "onI bur#ed "rea ure by )ean o+ re"ro!rade analy # and1 a" "he a)e "#)e1 olBe a cur#ou double6)urder )y "ery% I" # our !rea" !ood luck "ha" Hol)e <a o ade*" a" "h# "y*e o+ che *roble)% I+ he hadnI" been able "o olBe one o+ "he) #n *ar"#cular &you <#ll +#nd ou" <h#ch one(1 "h# )anu6 cr#*" <ould neBer haBe "aken ha*e1 +or he <ould haBe +allen *rey "o a d#abol#cal che)e o+ Mor#ar"yI and lo " h# l#+e be+ore he eBer eBen )e" Dr% 2a" on%
RAYMOND M% SMULLYAN
2lka ark3 New 4ork Febr5ary #(+(
xiii
'ART I
SHERLOCK HOLMES
at the
CHESS9OARD
A MATTER OF DIRECTION
2ha" abou" a "roll "o "he che clubGK Hol)e re)arked one early a+"ernoon% K2hy1 Hol)e JK I cr#ed #n a)a/e)en"% KI d#d no" kno< you <ere a che en"hu #a "JK KNo" o+ "he conBen"#onal or"1K lau!hed Hol)e % KI do no" haBe "oo )uch #n"ere " #n che a a game@#ndeed1 I do no" haBe )uch #ncl#na"#on +or !a)e #n !eneral%K K9u" <ha" # che 1 #+ no" a !a)eGK I a ked #n a "on# h)en"% Hol)e I +ace !re< er#ou % KThere are occa #onal che #"ua"#on 1 2a" on1 <h#ch challen!e "he analy"#c )#nd a +ully a any <h#ch ar# e #n real l#+e% MoreoBer1 I haBe +ound "he) a Baluable a any e:erc# e I kno< #n deBelo*#n! "ho e *o<er o+ *ure deduc"#on o e en"#al "o deal#n! <#"h real6 l#+e #"ua"#on %K KTell )e )ore1K I re*l#ed <#"h #n"ere "% K2ha" I haBe #n )#nd1 2a" on1 # "h# L In an ac"ual !a)e1 bo"h *layer haBe "he#r eye +#:ed en"#rely on "he +u6 "ure% Each *layer "r#e "o con"rol "he +u"ure #n a <ay +aBor6 able "o h# o<n *o #"#on% Al o1 #n )o " che .roblems o+ "he u ual or"@2h#"e "o *lay and )a"e #n o )any )oBe @"he en"#re e)*ha # # on do#n! o)e"h#n! "o con"rol "he +u"ure% No<1 al"hou!h I haBe "he dee*e " re *ec" +or "he be""er *roble) o+ "h# or"@)any o+ "he) are really #n!en#ou <ork o+ ar"J@"he "y*e o+ "ra"e!#e #nBolBed1 cleBer a "hey are1 # hardly o+ any u e "o )e #n )y o<n <ork%K KI a) a+ra#d I a) "#ll #n "he dark1K I re *onded% KThere are cer"a#n che board #"ua"#on 1K e:*la#ned
A MATTER O. DIRECTION
Hol)e 1 K<h#ch are o+ no #n"ere " "o "he .layer o+ che a a !a)e@o+ no #n"ere " <#"h re!ard "o +u"ure ou"co)e @bu" are o+ B#"al #n"ere " #n *roB#d#n! clue a "o <ha" )u " haBe ha**ened #n "he .ast16 KCan you !#Be )e an e:a)*le1 Hol)e GK I a ked <#"h eBer6!ro<#n! cur#o #"y% KAno"her "#)e1K a#d Hol)e 1 r# #n!% KR#!h" no< I really do +eel l#ke "ak#n! a Eaun" "o "he che club% 2hy donI" you co)e <#"h )e1 2a" onG 2ho kno< @<e )#!h" encoun"er an ac"ual #"ua"#on "o #llu "ra"e )y *o#n"%K I "hou!h" "h# a !ood #dea and !o" )y ha"1 and "o!e"her <e aun"ered oBer "o "he club% I" <a e)*"y e:ce*" +or "<o occu*an" L Colonel Mar "on1 <ho) <e kne< +a#rly <ell1 and a d# "#n!u# hed1 #n"ell#!en"6look#n! !en"le)an <#"h a Bery *lea an" and hu)orou )anner% K2hy1 Hol)e 1K a#d Mar "on1 r# #n! +ro) h# *lace a" "he che board1 Kle" )e #n"roduce you and Dr% 2a" on "o a Bery dear +r#end o+ )#ne1 S#r Re!#nald O<en% 2e haBe Eu " +#n# hed a )o " del#!h"+ully b#/arre and eccen"r#c !a)e% The *lay#n! <a u""erly <#ld on bo"h #de 1 "hou!h *er+ec"ly le!al1 o+ cour e%K KSo I ee1K re)arked Hol)e 1 look#n! a" "he board% The *o #"#on <a "h# L
K2hy # #"1 Mar "on1K a#d Hol)e 1 K"ha" eBery "#)e I ee you a" che 1 you al<ay ee) "o be *lay#n! 2h#"eGK Mar "on lau!hed a" "h# 1 bu" uddenly h# +ace dro**ed% K2hy1 Hol)e 1K he a#d1 Kho< on ear"h d#d you kno< I <a *lay#n! 2h#"eG II) ure "he la " )oBe <a )ade o)e "#)e before you or 2a" on en"ered "he roo)% So ho< could you *o #bly kno<GK K'erha* 1K a#d S#r Re!#nald1 <#"h a l#!h"ly )# ch#eBou )#le1 Kyour +r#end kne< +or "he #)*le rea on "ha" you haBe a 2h#"e *#ece clenched #n your hand%K KI donI" ee "ha" a eB#dence1K I *ro"e "ed% K2hy could #" no" be a *#ece ca*"ured +ro) h# o**onen"GK KA a )a""er o+ +ac"1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 KS#r Re!#nald ha**en "o haBe an e:cellen" *o#n"% I haBe ob erBed "ha" <hen a che *layer # #dly +ondl#n! a *#ece dur#n! "he cour e o+ a !a)e1 n#ne "#)e ou" o+ "en #" # one o+ h# o<n )en%K K2hy # "ha"GK 3 a ked% KTha"I d#++#cul" "o ay1 2a" onM I "h#nk #" # a )a""er o+ uncon c#ou cour"e y% One ha a cer"a#n na"ural * ycholo!#6 cal reluc"ance "o handle oneI o**onen"I *#ece % A" any ra"e1 "he +ac" # "ha" *layer al)o " al<ay handle "he#r o<n *#ece % Ho<eBer1 "ha" <a no" )y clue1 #nce Colonel Mar6 "on o*ened h# hand only after S#r Re!#naldI re)ark1 hence I d#d no" ee <ha" color *#ece Mar "on <a hold#n!% 9u" eBen #+ I had1 )y #n+erence <ould haBe been only a *robab#l#"y1 and I <ould no" haBe "old Mar "on a con+#6 den"ly a I d#d "ha" he <a *lay#n! 2h#"e% In "h# ca e1 )y #n+erence <a +ar )ore de+#n#"eM I kne< +or certain "ha" Mar6 "on <a *lay#n! 2h#"e%K K9u" ho<GK *leaded Colonel Mar "on% Hol)e re*l#ed1 <#"h a )erry "<#nkle #n h# eye1 KI really "h#nk1 #r1 you <#ll haBe )ore +un "ry#n! "o olBe "h# l#""le )y "ery your elBe % II) ure "o bu)* #n"o you a!a#n one o+ "he e day 1 Mar "on1 and #+ you haBe no" +#!ured #" ou" by "hen1 I hall be del#!h"ed "o "ell you% 9u" II) a+ra#d you <#ll +#nd #" d# a**o#n"#n!ly ele)en"aryJK
9o"h Mar "on and S#r Re!#nald beca)e #n"en ely ab6 orbed #n "he *roble) and "ar"ed d# cu #n! <#"h each o"her all or" o+ <#ld *o #b#l#"#e % A+"er a hor" <h#le <e "ook our leaBe1 a+"er hak#n! hand <#"h our ne< ac0ua#n"6 ance1 S#r Re!#nald% KHol)e 1K I a#d <hen <e <ere ou" #de1 KI a) bur "#n! <#"h cur#o #"y% Ho< did you kno<GK K2e can d# cu "ha" 0u#e"ly "h# eBen#n! oBer a che 6 board% Mean<h#le1 <ha" ay you "o a B# #" "o "he Mu eu)1 and "hen a !ood d#nner a" A!o #noI GK
SeBeral hour la"er1 <e <ere co)+or"ably back a" 9aker S"ree"1 Hol)e loun!#n! #n h# +aBor#"e dre #n! !o<n and )ok#n! h# <ell6loBed *#*e% KI #" no" a del#!h"+ul co#nc#6 dence1K he chuckled1 K"ha" o oon a+"er our ra"her ab "rac" conBer a"#on "h# a+"ernoon1 <e encoun"ered a #"ua"#on a)enable "o re"ro!rade analy # GK KRe"ro!rade analy # GK I a ked% K2ha" # "ha"GK K2hy1 "he Bery "h#n! <e <ere d# cu #n!J HaBe you ye" +#!ured ou" ho< I kne< Mar "on <a *lay#n! 2h#"eGK K2hy1 no1K I re*l#ed% KI u ed all "he )e"hod you haBe "au!h" )e1 I e:a)#ned "he <hole roo) "horou!hly1 bu" could no" d# coBer a #n!le clueJK A" "h# 1 Hol)e bur " #n"o a roar o+ lau!h"er% KThe <hole roo)1 2a" on1 "he <hole room7 D#d you e:a)#ne "he re " o+ "he bu#ld#n! a <ellGK KI neBer "hou!h" o+ "ha"1K I ad)#""ed )eekly% KMy dear 2a" on1K Hol)e a#d1 lau!h#n! harder "han eBer1 KI <a only Ee "#n!1 you kno<% I" <a hardly nece ary "o e:a)#ne "he <hole bu#ld#n!1 nor eBen "he <hole roo)1 nor "he "able1 nor "he *layer 1 bu" )erely "he che board%K KThe che boardG 2ha" <a *ecul#ar abou" "he che boardGK K2hy1 "he *o #"#on1 2a" on1 "he .osition1 DonI" you re6 call any"h#n! *ecul#ar abou" "he *o #"#onGK
&
KYe 1 I do recall "ha" a" "he "#)e I re!arded "he *o #"#on a h#!hly unu ual1 bu" I canno" ee ho< one can deduce "ha" Mar "on *layed 2h#"e +ro) #"JK A" "h# Sherlock ro e% KLe" u e" u* "he *o #"#on a!a#n% % % % No< "here1K a#d Hol)e a+"er recon "ruc"#n! "he e"u* o+ "he a+"ernoon1 KcanI" you deduce <h#ch #de # 2h#"e and <h#ch #de # 9lackGK I looked lon! and care+ully1 bu" could d# coBer no clue a" all% KI "h# an e:a)*le o+ <ha" you call Ire"ro!rade analy6 # IGK I a ked% KA *er+ec" e:a)*le1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Kalbe#" an e:6 "re)ely ele)en"ary one% 9u" co)e no<1 you ee no clue <ha" oeBerGK KNone a" all1K I a#d adly% KSu*er+#c#ally #" <ould a**ear "ha" 2h#"e # on "he Sou"h #de% 9u" "h# # really 0u#"e u6 *er+#c#alJ The !a)e # clearly #n "he end6!a)e "a!e1 <here #" # no" "oo unco))on +or one o+ "he k#n! "o be dr#Ben "o "he o**o #"e end o+ "he board% So #" ee) "ha" 2h#"e could really be on e#"her #de%K KThere # nothing #n "he #"ua"#on <h#ch arre " your a"6 "en"#on1 2a" onGK a ked Hol)e de *a#r#n!ly% I looked a!a#n a" "he board% K2ell1 Hol)e 1 I u**o e "here # one +ea"ure <h#ch <ould *robably arre " anybodyI a""en"#on1 na)ely "ha" "he 9lack k#n! # no< #n check +ro) "he 2h#"e b# ho*% 9u" I canI" ee "ha" "h# ha any bear#n! on <h#ch #de # 2h#"e%K Hol)e )#led "r#u)*han"ly% KAll "he bear#n! #n "he <orld1 2a" on% And here # <here re"ro!rade analy # co)e #nJ In re"ro6analy # @<h#ch # hor" +or Ire"ro!rade analy6 # I@one )u " delBe #n"o "he *a "% Ye 1 "he .ast3 2a" onJ S#nce 9lack # no< #n check1 <ha" could haBe been 2h#"eI la " )oBeGK I looked a!a#n a" "he board and re*l#ed1 K2hy1 #" could ea #ly haBe been "he 2h#"e *a<n on e;M Eu " haB#n! )oBed +ro) e? and d# coBer#n! check +ro) "he b# ho*% Th# 1 o+ cour e1 a u)e "ha" 2h#"e # Sou"h% 9u" on "he o"her hand1 #" could al o be "ha" 2h#"e # Nor"h1 #n <h#ch ca e h# la "
)oBe <a "he *a<n on d? +ro) d;% I ee no ba # +or dec#d6 #n! be"<een "he e "<o *o #b#l#"#e %K K8ery !ood1 2a" on1 bu" #+ #" # really "rue1 a you haBe a#d1 "ha" 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a <#"h one o+ "he *a<n on e; or d?1 "hen <ha" could haBe been 9lackI )oBe #))ed#6 a"ely be+ore "ha"GK I looked a!a#n and re*l#ed1 KObB#ou ly by "he 9lack k#n!1 #nce #" # "he only 9lack *#ece on "he board% He couldnI" haBe )oBed +ro) bA or b=1 hence he )u " haBe )oBed ou" o+ check +ro) a=%K KI)*o #bleJK cr#ed Hol)e % KHad he been on a=1 he <ould haBe been #)ul"aneou ly #n check +ro) "he 2h#"e 0ueen and "he o"her 2h#"e b# ho* on c;% I+ "he 0ueen had )oBed la " "o ad)#n# "er check1 9lack <ould haBe already been #n check +ro) "he b# ho*% Had "he b# ho* )oBed la "1 9lack <ould haBe already been #n check +ro) "he 0ueen% Such an #)*o #ble check # "echn#cally kno<n #n re"ro!rade analy # a an I#)a!#nary check%I K I "hou!h" +or a )o)en"1 and real#/ed "ha" Hol)e <a r#!h"% KThen1K I e:cla#)ed1 K"he *o #"#on # #)*ly #)*o #bleJK KNo" a" all1K lau!hed Hol)e % KYou haBe #)*ly no" con6 #dered all "he *o #b#l#"#e %K KNo< look1 Hol)e 1 you your el+ haBe Eu " *roBed "ha" 9lack had no *o #ble la " )oBeJK KI *roBed no"h#n! o+ "he or"1 2a" onJK A" "h# *o#n" I <a !e""#n! a b#" #)*a"#en"% KOh1 co)e no<1 Hol)e 1 you Eu " *roBed "o )y en"#re a"# +ac"#on "ha" "he 9lack k#n! had no *o #ble la " )oBe%K KTrue enou!h1 2a" on1 I *roBed "ha" "he 9lack king had no *o #ble la " )oBe1 bu" "h# hardly *roBe "ha" Black had no *o #ble la " )oBe%K K9u"1K I cr#ed1 K"he k#n! # "he only 9lack *#ece on "he boardJK KThe only 9lack *#ece on "he board now36 correc"ed Hol)e 1 Kbu" "ha" doe no" )ean "ha" "he k#n! <a "he only
9lack *#ece on "he board #))ed#a"ely *r#or "o 2h#"eI la " )oBeJK KO+ cour e1K I re*l#ed1 Kho< "u*#d o+ )eJ 2h#"e on h# la " )oBe could haBe ca.t5red a 9lack *#ece% 9u"1K I e:6 cla#)ed1 )ore *u//led "han eBer1 K<h#cheBer o+ "he *a<n on e; or d? )oBed la " )ade no ca*"ureJK K2h#ch only *roBe 1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 K"ha" your or#!#6 nal conEec"ure "ha" 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a <#"h one o+ "ho e "<o *a<n # #)*ly #ncorrec"%K KIncorrec"JK I cr#ed1 be<#ldered% KHo< can "ha" beGK Then #" da<ned on )eJ KO+ cour eJK I e:cla#)ed "r#u)6 *han"ly% K3 ee "he <hole "h#n! no<J Ho< #lly I d#d no" ee #" all alon!J 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he *a<n +ro) !7 ca*"ur#n! a 9lack *#ece on h-% Th# ca*"ure #)ul"aneou ly checked "he 9lack k#n! and ca*"ured a 9lack *#ece1 and #" <a "h# *#ece@<ha"eBer #" <a @<h#ch )ade "he *reced6 #n! 9lack )oBeJK KN#ce "ry1 2a" on1 bu" II) a+ra#d #" <onI" doJ I+ a 2h#"e *a<n had Eu " been on !71 "hen ho< on ear"h could "he b# ho* on h3 eBer haBe !o""en "o "ha" 0uareGK Here <a a ne< *u//lerJ A" "h# *o#n" I a#d1 KReally1 Hol)e 1 I a) no< "horou!hly conB#nced "ha" "he *o #"#on # #)*ly #)*o #bleJK KReally no<G 2ell1 <ellJ Th# only a++ord ano"her e:a)6 *le o+ <ha" I haBe o+"en re)arkedL ConB#c"#on1 no )a""er ho< +#r)1 # no" al<ay a !uaran"ee o+ "ru"h%K K9u" <e haBe e:hau "ed every *o #b#l#"yJK I e:cla#)ed% KAll bu" one1 2a" on@"he correct one1 a #" ha**en %K KI" ee) "o )e "ha" <e haBe really coBered eBery *o #b#l6 #"y% I a) cer"a#n "ha" <e haBe .roved "h# *o #"#on "o be #)*o #bleJK Hol)e I e:*re #on !re< !raBe% KLo!#c1K he re*l#ed1 K# a )o " del#ca"e@a )o " +ra!#le@"h#n!% 'o<er+ul a #" # <hen u ed correc"ly1 "he lea " deB#a"#on +ro) "r#c" rea on#n! can *roduce "he )o " d# a "rou con e0uence % You ay you can I*roBeI "he *o #"#on #)*o #ble% I hould l#ke you "o "ry "o
A MAIIITER O. DIRECTION
!#Be )e a com.letely rigoro5s *roo+ o+ "h# +ac"% I "h#nk "ha" #n o do#n!1 you )ay your el+ d# coBer your o<n +allacy%K K8ery <ell1 "hen1K I a!reed1 Kle" u reB#e< "he *o #b#l#6 "#e one by one% 2e@or ra"her you@haBe cer"a#nly *roBed "ha" ne#"her *a<n on d? or e; could haBe )oBed la "% Correc"GK KAb olu"ely1K a#d Hol)e % KL#ke<# e "he *a<n on h-GK KR#!h"1K a#d Hol)e % KSurely "he b# ho* on h3 d#dnI" )oBe la "JK KR#!h" a!a#n1K a#d Hol)e % KAnd cer"a#nly "he o"her b# ho* on c;1 and "he 2h#"e 0ueen1 could no" haBe )oBed la "% And s5rely "he 2h#"e k#n! d#dnI" )oBe la "JK KII) co)*le"ely <#"h you o +ar1K re)arked Hol)e % K2ell "hen1K I a#d1 K"he *roo+ # co)*le"eJ No 2h#"e *#ece could haBe )oBed la "JK K2ron!JK e:cla#)ed Hol)e "r#u)*han"ly% KTha" # a co)*le"e non e0u#"urJK KJu " a )#nu"e no<1K I cr#ed1 a b#" be #de )y el+% KI haBe accoun"ed +or every 2h#"e *#ece on "he boardJK KYe 1K a#d Hol)e 1 h#!hly a)u ed a" )y con "erna"#on1 Kbu" no" +or *#ece off "he board%K A" "h# *o#n"1 I <a be!#nn#n! "o doub" )y an#"y% KReally no<1 Hol)e 1K I cr#ed #n u""er de *era"#on1 K #nce 2h#"e )oBed la "1 "he *#ece he Eu " )oBed )u " be on "he board1 #nce 9lack ha no" ye" )oBed "o ca*"ure #"% '#ece donI" Eu " )oBe o++ "he board by "he) elBe 1 you kno<JK K2ron!1K a#d Hol)e 1 Kand "here l#e your <hole +allacyJK A" "h# *o#n"1 I bl#nked )y eye and hook )y el+ "o con6 B#nce )y el+ "ha" I <a really a<ake% 2#"h "he u")o " con6 "rol1 I cal)ly and lo<ly a#d1 KYou hone "ly )ean "o "ell )e1 Hol)e 1 "ha" #n che a *#ece )ay leaBe "he board <#"h6 ou" be#n! ca*"uredGK KYe 1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KThere # one and only one "y*e o+ *#ece <h#ch can do "ha"%K
10
KA *a<nJK I a#d1 <#"h a *ro+ound #!h o+ rel#e+% KO+ cour e1 a *a<n on reach#n! "he e#!h"h 0uare *ro)o"e % 9u"1K I con"#nued1 KI do no" ee ho< "ha" can hel* u #n "he *re en" #"ua"#on1 #nce "he 2h#"e 0ueen # no" no< on "he e#!h"h 0uare@re!ardle o+ <h#ch d#rec"#on 2h#"e # !o#n!%K Hol)e re*l#edL KI "here any rule #n che <h#ch de6 )and "ha" a *a<n1 <hen #" *ro)o"e 1 )u " *ro)o"e "o a 0ueenGK KNo1K 3 re*l#ed% KI" can *ro)o"e "o a 0ueen1 rook1 b# ho*1 or kn#!h"% 9u" ho< doe "ha" hel* u hereG % % % Hallo1K I a#d1 Ko+ cour eJ I" )ay haBe *ro)o"ed "o "he b# ho* on h3@<h#ch o+ cour e )ean "ha" 2h#"e # Nor"h% 9u" ho< doe "ha" leaBe a la " )oBe +or 9lackG Ah1 IIBe !o" #"J The *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n <a on !7 and ca.t5red a 9lack *#ece on h3M "h# 9lack *#ece )ade "he )oBe r#!h" be6 +ore "ha"J So #ndeed1 2h#"e )u " be Nor"hJK K8ery !ood1 2a" on1K a#d Hol)e <#"h a cal) )#le% KOne "h#n!1 "hou!h1 "ha" bo"her )e1 Hol)e L 2hy on ear"h hould 2h#"e haBe *ro)o"ed "o a b# ho* <hen he could haBe had ano"her 0ueenGK K2a" on1K Hol)e Bery care+ully re*l#ed1 K"ha" 0ue "#on belon! "o * ycholo!y and *robab#l#"y1 and cer"a#nly no" "o re"ro!rade analy # 1 <h#ch deal no" <#"h *robab#l#"#e 1 bu" only <#"h ab olu"e cer"a#n"#e % 2e neBer a u)e "ha" a *layer ha *layed well3 bu" only "ha" he ha *layed legally1 So ho<eBer #)*robable #" # "ha" a !#Ben )oBe <a )ade1 #+ no o"her )oBe <a *o #ble1 "hen "ha" )u " haBe been "he )oBe <h#ch #n +ac" was )ade% A I haBe "old you )any "#)e 1 <hen one ha el#)#na"ed "he #)*o #ble1 "hen <ha"6 eBer re)a#n 1 ho<eBer #)*robable1 )u " be "he "ru"h%K
##
A DELI,HT.UL 8ARIATION
I+ I haBe !one "o e:ce #Be len!"h #n *ell#n! ou" eBery la " de"a#l o+ "he *reced#n! adBen"ure1 I haBe done o +or "he ake o+ "he reader <ho # an ab olu"e be!#nner #n "he ar" o+ che de"ec"#on% Th# <a "he "a!e I <a #n a" "he "#)e% A I !re< )ore and )ore ade*" a" "h# "y*e o+ rea on#n!1 Hol)e could a++ord "o !#Be )e hor"er and hor"er e:*lana"#on o+ "he olu"#on "o "he e #n"r#!u#n! *roble) % T<o eBen#n! la"er1 Hol)e and I had a *lea an" ur*r# eL an une:*ec"ed B# #" +ro) Colonel Mar "on and our ne< ac6 0ua#n"ance1 S#r Re!#nald% 2e <ere al<ay del#!h"ed "o ee Colonel Mar "on1 <ho # a keen6<#""ed and )o " a)u #n! cha*% And S#r Re!#nald <e l#ked )ore and )ore a <e !o" "o kno< h#) be""er% A+"er a co/y round o+ <ar) brandy1 Mar "on a#d1 KI" d#d no" "ake u Bery lon!1 Hol)e 1 "o +#!ure ou" your l#""le )y 6 "#+#ca"#on% O+ cour e1 #nce <e <ere "he *layer 1 "h# # no" Bery )uch "o our cred#"% A+"er all1 Hol)e 1 #" <a ! <ho )ade "ha" h#!hly unor"hodo: )oBe o+ *ro)o"#n! "o a b# ho*% 9u" #" "ook u a b#" o+ "hou!h" "o real#/e "ha" +ro) "he "and*o#n" o+ "ha" *o #"#on1 no o"her la " )oBe could haBe been *o #ble%K Hol)e 1 del#!h"ed1 aro e and a#d1 KI kne< you <ould !e" #"1 Mar "on1 I kne< you <ouldJ And no<1 !en"le)en1 I hould l#ke "o "ell you o+ a cur#ou co#nc#dence% The *o #"#on <h#ch I +ound <hen you <ere *lay#n! S#r Re!#nald bear a "r#k#n! #)#lar#"y "o "he +ollo<#n! *o #"#on I a< "<o year a!o #n a club I <a B# #"#n! #n Calcu""a%K And Hol)e e" u* "he che board a +ollo< L
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KA you ee1 !en"le)en1 "he only d#++erence # "ha" a *a<n # on d4 #n "ead o+ e;% Ye" "h# l#""le d#++erence # enou!h "o )ake #" "o"ally #)*o #ble "o "ell no< <h#ch #de # 2h#"e%K 2e all looked a" "he board <#"h !rea" cur#o #"y% Mar "on *oke +#r "% KI really donI" ee ho< "h# chan!e # releBan"1 Hol)e % 2h#"eI only *o #ble la " )oBe # a *a<n +ro) !7 ca*"ur#n! a 9lack *#ece on h3 and conBer"#n! "o a b# ho*%K KNo" o1 Mar "onM "h# # a *o #ble la " )oBe1 bu" no" "he only one% 2hen I +#r " a< "h# *o #"#on1 I had "he a)e #)6 )ed#a"e "hou!h"1 and <a Eu " abou" "o ur*r# e "he *layer by "ell#n! "he) <h#ch #de <a 2h#"e <hen I uddenly real6 #/ed "ha" "here <a ano"her e0ually real *o #b#l#"y% .or"u6 na"ely1 Eu " a one o+ "he *layer <a abou" "o clear "he board1 I a ked h#)1 IS#r1 ha any *ro)o"#on "aken *lace #n "h# !a)eGI H# hand "o**ed a he "urned "o )e and a#d1 INo1 "here ha nI"1 bu" <hy do you a kGI I9ecau e1I I re*l#ed "r#u)*han"ly1 I"h# )ean "ha" you )u " haBe been *lay#n! 2h#"eJI 9o"h !en"le)en looked a" )e ra"her a)a/ed1 "hou!h "he#r a)a/e)en" "urned "o a)u e)en" <hen I "old "he) ho< I kne<%K 2e all looked a" "he *o #"#on <#"h !rea"er #n"ere " "han eBer% Mar "on a!a#n *oke% KI canI" ee #"1 Hol)e M I really canI"J S#nce 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a no" a *ro)o"#on1 #" )u "
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haBe been <#"h one o+ "he *a<n on d? or d4% 9u" #n e#"her ca e1 9lack could no" haBe had any *o #ble la " )oBeJK KNo" o1 Mar "on1 no" o1K re*l#ed Hol)e % K2h#"eI la " )oBe <a #ndeed <#"h one o+ "he e *a<n % IIll eBen !#Be you a h#n" and "ell you "ha" #" <a <#"h "he *a<n on d4%K K9u"1K a#d Mar "on1 K"he *a<n )u " haBe )oBed +ro) d; "o !#Be 9lack check +ro) "he b# ho* on h3% So ho< could "he 9lack k#n! haBe )oBed be+ore "ha"G The only 0uare #" could haBe co)e +ro) # a=1 bu" "h# <ould #nBolBe an #)a!6#nary checkJK A" "h# *o#n" S#r Re!#nald *oke u*% K9r#ll#an"1 Mr% Hol)e 1 really br#ll#an"J I ee #" no<J 2h#"e )oBed "he *a<n no" +ro) d;1 bu" +ro) e; ca*"ur#n! a 9lack *a<n on d; en .assant7 Th# 9lack *a<n had1 o+ cour e1 Eu " )oBed +ro) d=% 2h#"eI )oBe be+ore "ha" <a <#"h "he *a<n "hen on e; +ro) e?1 *u""#n! 9lack #n check% And 9lackI )oBe be+ore that <a <#"h "he k#n! +ro) a=1 )oB#n! ou" o+ check +ro) "he b# ho* on c;1 bu" not be#n! #n check +ro) "he 0ueen1 #nce "he 9lack *a<n <ould haBe been on e=%K KII) a+ra#d "ha" <a a b#" hard +or )e "o +ollo<1K I re6 )arked% K2ould you )#nd !o#n! oBer #" a!a#nGK K2hy cer"a#nly1K re*l#ed S#r Re!#nald% KThe *o #"#on a cou*le o+ )oBe a!o <a o)e"h#n! l#ke "h# %K He rear6 ran!ed "he *#ece L
Then he )ade "he +ollo<#n! e0uence o+ )oBe "o br#n! "he !a)e "o #" *re en" *o #"#onL 3 9 6 c; check 7 ' 6 e; check - ' : ' en *a an" check K 6 aA ' 6 d?
And "ha"I ho< Hol)e kne< <h#ch #de <a <h#chJ
#*
A LITTLE EFERCISE
SeBeral day la"er1 I had a )e)orable eBen#n! alone <#"h Hol)e 1 dur#n! <h#ch I learned )ore abou" re"ro6analy # "han *erha* on any o"her occa #on% I <a beco)#n! Ba "ly #n"r#!ued <#"h "h# ubEec"1 and I be!an by a k#n!1 KHol)e 1 do all re"ro!rade *roble) #nBolBe a +#nal check)a"e *o #"#onGK KOh1 no" a" all1K he re*l#ed% KMo " o+ "he)1 a #" ha*6 *en 1 do no"%K I "hen a ked1 KAnd # "he 0ue "#on al<ay <h#ch #de # <h#chGK KMo " de+#n#"ely no"1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KTh# 0ue "#on ha**en "o be e:ceed#n!ly rareJ Here1 le" )e e" u* a l#""le e:erc# e "o #llu "ra"e "he )ore nor)al "y*e o+ #"ua"#onL
A LITTLE
16
A LITTLE EFERCISE
KI call "h# an Ie:erc# e1I 2a" on1 #nce #" # really "oo #)*le "o d#!n#+y by "he <ord I*roble)%I KA you ee1 2a" on1 ne#"her #de # )a"ed@nor eBen #n check% And <e are !#Ben "ha" your #de # 2h#"e% The 0ue 6 "#on no< # "h# L ,#Ben "ha" 9lack )oBed la "1 <ha" <a h# la " )oBe1 and 2h#"eI la " )oBeGK I "hou!h" +or a <h#le1 "hen a#d1 KHol)e 1 II) orry "o be uch a lo< *u*#l1 bu" "he #"ua"#on a!a#n ee) #)*o #bleJ ObB#ou ly 9lack Eu " )oBed ou" o+ check +ro) a=1 bu" I donI" ee ho< 2h#"e could *o #bly haBe )oBed h# b# ho* "o ad)#n# "er "he checkJK KNo" bad1 2a" onM no" bad a" allJ I ee you are be!#nn#n! "o "h#nk% 9u" <hy do you haBe "h# *er # "en" hab#" o+ +or6 !e""#n! "ha" a )oBe )ay #nBolBe a ca*"ureGK Then1 o+ cour e1 I a< #"% KR#!h"1 Hol)e 1 r#!h"% 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he k#n! +ro) a= ca.t5ring a 2h#"e *#ece on aA% Th# *#ece )u " haBe )oBed be+ore "ha" ou" o+ "he d#a!onal +ro) !3 "o a= "o uncoBer check +ro) "he b# ho*% 2ha" *#ece could "ha" beG 2hy obB#ou ly a kn#!h"1 <h#ch had )oBed +ro) b4 "o aA% Thu 9lackI la " )oBe <a +ro) a= "o aA1 ca*"ur#n! - 2h#"e kn#!h"%K KCorrec"1K a#d Hol)e % A ne< "hou!h" uddenly occurred "o )e% KHol)e 1K I a#d1 K<a #" really nece ary #n "h# *roble) "o be !#Ben <h#ch #de <a 2h#"eGK KO+ cour e1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KI+ <e hadnI" been !#Ben "ha" #n+or)a"#on1 "hen a econd olu"#on <ould haBe been *o #bleL A 2h#"e *a<n could haBe Eu " *ro)o"ed "o b# ho*%K
A +e< )#nu"e la"er I a ked1 KHol)e 1 are all re"ro!rade *roble) olBed by +#r " con #der#n! <ha" <a "he la " )oBeGK KOh no1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KIn )any o+ "he e *roble) "here # no <ay a" all o+ a cer"a#n#n! "he la " )oBe% NeBer6 "hele one can de"er)#ne a )oBe@or e0uence o+ )oBe @
#+
A LITTLE EFERCISE
<h#ch haBe occurred sometime earl#er #n "he !a)e1 "hou!h *rec# ely <hen "hey occurred # ne#"her de"er)#nable nor rel6 eBan" "o "he olu"#on o+ "he *roble)%K KCan you !#Be )e an e:a)*leGK I a ked% Hol)e "hou!h" +or a )o)en" and "hen e" u* "he +ollo<#n! *o #"#onL
KThe *roble) # L On <ha" 0uare <a "he 2h#"e 0ueen ca*"uredGK I looked a" "he *o #"#on1 and rea oned "hu L K2ell1 Hol)e 1 I ee "ha" 2h#"e # )# #n! h# 0ueen1 bo"h b# h6 o* 1 and one kn#!h"% No<1 "<o ca*"ure can be accoun"ed +or by "he 9lack *a<n on e4 and h4M "he +#r " ca)e +ro) d= and )ade a ca*"ure on e41 and "he econd ca)e +ro) g+ and )ade a ca*"ure on h4% No<1 ne#"her 2h#"e b# ho* eBer !o" ou" on"o "he board "o be ca*"ured by "he e *a<n 1 #nce "he one +ro) c3 <a he))ed #n by "he *a<n on b7 and d7 <h#ch haBe no" ye" )oBed1 and "he one +ro) +3 <a he))ed #n by "he *a<n on e7 and !7%K K,ood1 2a" on1K #n"erru*"ed Hol)e % KII) !lad you <ere able "o ee "ha" your el+%K KEle)en"ary1 )y dear Hol)e 1K I could no" hel* bu" Ee "% KHo<eBer1 II) a+ra#d )y rea on canno" carry )e )uch +ur6
#)
A LITTLE EFERCISE
"her% All r#!h"1 <e no< ee "ha" "he 2h#"e *#ece ca*"ured on e4 and h4 are "he 0ueen and a kn#!h"% So "he 2h#"e 0ueen <a ca*"ured e#"her on e4 or h41 bu" I canno" ee <hy "he 0ueen could no" haBe been ca*"ured on e#"her one o+ "he) and "he kn#!h" on "he o"her%K K2ell1K a#d Hol)e 1 K"hen IIll haBe "o !#Be you o)e h#n" #n "he +or) o+ 0ue "#on % One o+ "he )a#n "h#n! #n olB#n! "he e *roble) # "o "h#nk o+ "he r#!h" 0ue "#on "o a k one el+% No<1 <ha" <a ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e *a<n on b-G KObB#ou ly a 9lack b# ho*1K 3 re*l#ed% K2ha" # "he ho)e 0uare o+ "ha" b# ho*GK KClearly cA1 a "he b# ho* +ro) +A "raBel only on black 0uare %K KR#!h"% No< co)e "he cruc#al 0ue "#onL 2h#ch <a ca*"ured +#r "1 "he 9lack b# ho* or "he 2h#"e 0ueenGK K3 ee no <ay "o "ell1K I re*l#ed% K2ell "hen1 *u" #" "h# <ayL D#d "he 2h#"e 0ueen !e" ca*"ured be+ore or a+"er "he ca*"ure on b- by "he 2h#"e *a<nGK I looked a" "he *o #"#on a!a#n1 and be!an "o ee "he *o#n"% KThe 2h#"e 0ueen1K I a#d1 K!o" ou" on"o "he board B#a "he 0uare a71 hence "he *a<n on b- )ade #" ca*"ure first "o le" "he 0ueen ou"% And #nce "he *a<n ca*"ured a b# ho*1 "hen "he b# ho* <a ca*"ured be+ore "he 0ueen%K KE:ac"ly1K a#d Hol)e % KAnd no<1 doe "h# no" olBe "he *roble)GK KI do no" ee ho<%K K2ell "hen1 3 !ue "he ne:" 0ue "#on "o a k your el+ # "h# L D#d "he b# ho* +ro) cA !e" ca*"ured on b- before or after "he ca*"ure on e4GK KThe *a<n on e4 )ade #" ca*"ure first36 I re*l#ed1 K"o le" "he b# ho* ou"%K KCorrec"1K a#d Hol)e % KNo< you haBe all "he *#ece o+ "he *u//le1 2a" onM you haBe )erely "o *u" "he) "o!e"her%K KAh1K I a#d1 Kno< I ee #"% The ca*"ure on e4 <a )ade be+ore "he 9lack b# ho* !o" ou" "o be ca*"ured on b-1 <h#ch
#(
A LITTLE EFERCISE
#n "urn ha**ened before "he 2h#"e 0ueen !o" ou" "o be ca*"ured% There+ore1 "he 2h#"e 0ueen <a no" "he *#ece ca*"ured on e4% In o"her <ord 1 "he e0uence <a "h# L .#r " "he kn#!h" <a ca*"ured on e41 "hen "he 9lack b# ho* !o" ou" and <a ca*"ured on b-1 "hen "he 2h#"e 0ueen !o" ou"1 and )u " haBe been "he *#ece ca*"ured on h4% So "he 0ueen <a ca*"ured on h4%K K8ery !ood1 2a" on1K a#d Hol)e encoura!#n!ly% K3 "h#nk <#"h a b#" )ore e:*er#ence1 you <#ll be able "o do re"6ro!rade analy # %K
%,
2HICH COLORG
In re"ro!rade analy # 1K I a ked Hol)e one day1 K# "he *roble) al<ay "o a cer"a#n e#"her "he d#rec"#on1 "he la " )oBe1 or "he 0uare on <h#ch a !#Ben *#ece <a ca*"uredGK KOh1 by no )ean 1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KThe 0ue "#on "ha" ar# e are o)e"#)e o+ a +ar )ore #n"r#!u#n! and b#/arre na"ure%K KCan you !#Be )e an e:a)*leGK I #n0u#red% Hol)e "hou!h" +or a )o)en"% KNo" a u++#c#en"ly ele6 )en"ary one +or you "o co)*rehend a" your *re en" "a!e% % % % 9u" <a#"J I haBe Eu " "hou!h" o+ an #deal *roble) +or you r#!h" no<JK 2#"h a cur#ou look o+ a)u e)en"1 Hol)e e" o)e *#ece on "he board% K2a#"1 2a" on1 "he *o #"#on # no" co)*le"eJK a#d Hol)e a he <en" oBer "o h# hel+ and brou!h" back a "#ny bo: <h#ch had o+"en cau!h" )y eye% KIIBe )any "#)e had "he +eel#n!1 2a" on1 "ha" you <ere on "he Ber!e o+ a k#n! )e <ha" # #n "h# bo:1 bu" *ol#"ene +orbade you% A) I r#!h"GK K2hy ye 1 Hol)e 1K I con+e ed1 KIIBe )any "#)e <on6 dered <ha" # #n "ha" bo:%K 2ell no<1 2a" on1 le" u eeJK 2#"h "he a#r o+ a )# ch#eBou ch#ld1 or o+ a "a!e )a!#6 c#an1 he lo<ly and ra"her )elodra)a"#cally o*ened "he l#d and re)oBed1 o+ all "h#n! 1 a *a<n% The *a<n <a #den"#cal #n ha*e "o "he *a<n o+ Hol)e I che e"1 only "h# *a<n <a *a#n"ed hal+ black and hal+ <h#"e% 2here on ear"h d#d you !e" "ha"GK I lau!hed%
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2HICH COLORG
KOh1 2a" on1 I kee* "h# a a )e)en"o o+ "he l#""le *roble) I a) abou" "o ho< you%K So ay#n!1 Hol)e *laced "he )y "er#ou *a<n on !-1 and "he *o #"#on <a "h# L
KIn "h# !a)e1K a#d Hol)e 1 Kno *#ece or *a<n ha eBer )oBed +ro) a <h#"e 0uare "o a black 0uare1 nor +ro) a black 0uare "o a <h#"e 0uare% The 0ue "#on # L 2ha" # "he color o+ "he *a<n on !-GK KTha"I ea y1K I Ee "ed% KThe *a<n on !- # 9lack and 2h#"eJK KNo1 er#ou ly1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 K<ha" color *a<n@ 9lack or 2h#"e@ hould be *u" on !- "o )ake "he *o #"#on co)*a"#ble <#"h "he !#Ben cond#"#on GK I looked1 bu" could ee no clue a" all% A "hou!h" "ruck )eL KYou ay "ha" no *#ece ha eBer )oBed +ro) a 0uare o+ one color "o a 0uare o+ ano"her% Under "he e c#rcu) "ance 1 ho< could "he kn#!h" haBe eBer )oBedGK K,ood *o#n"1 2a" on1 !ood *o#n"J ObB#ou ly1 "hey neBer d#dJK KThen <ha"eBer ha**ened "o "he)GK KClearly "hey <ere ca*"ured on "he#r o<n 0uare %K
%%
2HICH COLORG
Th# "ruck )e a a "r#+le odd1 "o ay "he lea "1 bu" a cer6 "a#nly <#"h#n "he real) o+ *o #b#l#"y% KI "h# a h#n" "o "he olu"#onGK I a ked% KNo1 2a" on1 no" "o "h# *roble)@"hou!h #" doe +#!ure #n o)e o"her *roble) o+ "h# "y*e%K KThen I a) co)*le"ely #n "he darkM I ee no clue <ha" oeBer%K KThe clue1K Hol)e re)arked1 K# #n "he *o #"#on o+ "he 2h#"e k#n!%K KThe 2h#"e k#n!JK I e:cla#)ed% KThe 2h#"e k#n! could haBe co)e +ro) any o+ "he +our 0uare a-1a;1c;1 or c-%K KYe 1 ye 1K a#d Hol)e 1 Kbu" ho< d#d he eBer e ca*e +ro) h# ho)e 0uare1 e3GK I looked a" "he *o #"#on1 *er*le:ed% The k#n! could no" haBe e ca*ed B#a "he black 0uare d7 or +71 #nce "he *a<n "here had no" ye" )oBed% And1 o+ cour e1 he could no" haBe e ca*ed B#a "he 0uare d31 e71 or +31 #nce "hey are <h#"e% So ho< d#d he !e" ou"G Then I a< #"L K2h#"e ca "led1K I a#d "r#u)*han"ly% KE:cellen"1 2a" onJ D#d he ca "le on "he k#n!I #de or "he 0ueenI #deGK I "hou!h" +or a )o)en" and a#d1 KOn "he k#n!I #de%K K2hyGK a ked Hol)e % K9ecau e had he ca "led on "he 0ueenI #de1 "he 0ueenI rook <ould haBe had "o )oBe +ro) a3@a black 0uare@"o d3@a <h#"e 0uare%K K9e""er and be""er1K cr#ed Hol)e % KNo<1 doe "ha" no" olBe "he )y "ery o+ our l#""le *a<nGK KI donI" ee ho<1 Hol)e 1K I re*l#ed1 bu" "hen I uddenly a< #"L KO+ cour eJ The only <ay "he k#n! could !e" +ro) !3 "o h# *re en" *o #"#on # B#a "he 0uare h7 and !-% I+ "he *a<n on !- # 2h#"e1 "hen #" )u " haBe co)e +ro) h71 and "he k#n! could neBer haBe !o" ou"J So "he )y "ery *a<n )u " be 9lack%K KNo<1 2a" on1K he a#d1 Kyou are really be!#nn#n! "o !e" "he han! o+ re"ro!rade analy # JK
23
ANOTHER MONOCHROMATIC
The e )onochro)a"#c *roble) 1 2a" on@by <h#ch I )ean *roble) o+ "he "y*e <e Eu " con #dered1 #n <h#ch #" # !#Ben "ha" no *#ece ha )oBed +ro) a <h#"e 0uare "o a black 0uare1 or B#ce Ber a@"he e )onochro)a"#c can o)e"#)e lead "o "he )o " b#/arre #"ua"#on #)a!#nable% Here # one1 2a" on1 #n <h#ch "he Bery 0ue "#on # a b#" o+ a hockJK
KIn "h# !a)e1K Hol)e <en" on1 Kno *#ece ha )oBed +ro) a <h#"e 0uare "o a black one1 and B#ce Ber a% .ur"her6 )ore1 "he 2h#"e k#n! ha )ade under +our"een )oBe % 'roBe "ha" a *ro)o"#on ha "aken *lace%K I !a *ed <#"h a)a/e)en"% KReally1 Hol)e 1 really no<1 "h# # "oo )uchJK
24
ANOTHER MONOCHROMATIC
Hol)e <a del#!h"ed <#"h )y con "erna"#on% KNo1 2a"6 on1 "h# *roble) really ha a olu"#on%K K,#Be )e some clue1K I be!!ed% KI haBe already !#Ben you one1K re)arked Hol)e % K2henGK I a ked1 0u#"e *u//led% KIn "he last *roble)1K he re)arked% KRecall our conBer6 a"#on abou" <ha" ha**ened "o "he kn#!h" %K I hall no" !#Be you a de"a#led accoun" o+ "he d#alo!ue "ha" +ollo<ed1 bu" #)*ly "ell you "he olu"#on "ha" Hol)e e:6 "rac"ed +ro) )e <#"h h# er#e o+ Socra"#c 0ue "#on % The +our )# #n! kn#!h" <ere ca*"ured on "he#r ho)e 0uare % Then <ha" *#ece ca*"ured "he)G There # no *roble) a" all accoun"#n! +or "he 2h#"e kn#!h" nor "he 9lack kn#!h" +ro) !A% The only *roble) # "he 9lack kn#!h" +ro) bA% 2ha" 2h#"e *#ece could haBe ca*"ured #"G I" could no" be "he 0ueen +ro) d31 a he "raBel only on <h#"e 0uare % I" could no" be "he b# ho* +ro) c31 #nce "he *a<n on b7 and d7 haBe no" )oBed "o le" #" ou"% I" cer"a#nly could no" be "he b# ho* +ro) +31 becau e "ha" b# ho* "raBel on <h#"e 0uare % There+ore1 #+ "he kn#!h" on bA <a ca*"ured by a 0ueen or b# ho*1 #" )u " haBe been ca*"ured by a .ro/ moted 0ueen or b# ho*% I+ "he kn#!h" <a ca*"ured by a .awn3 "hen "he *a<n )u " haBe *ro)o"edJ No<1 "he kn#!h" <a no" ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e k#n!1 #nce #" <ould "ake "he k#n! a" lea " +our"een )oBe "o !e" "here and back% And1 o+ cour e1 #" <a no" ca*"ured by a kn#!h"1 a kn#!h" canI" )oBe% The la " *o #b#l#"y "o con #der # a rook% 2hy couldnI" "he 9lack kn#!h" haBe been ca*"ured by "he rook +ro) a3G Th# # "he loBel#e " *ar" o+ "he *roble)% The rea6 on # "ha" "he rook @ #nce "hey are con+#ned each "o one color@can !o only an even nu)ber o+ 0uare +or<ard1 back<ard1 or #de<ay % In *ar"#cular1 "he rook +ro) a3 and h3 can neBer *o #bly be on "he econd1 +our"h1 #:"h1 or e#!h"h ro< J There+ore1 #+ "he 9lack kn#!h" <a ca*"ured by a rook1 "hen #" <a ca*"ured by a .romoted rook% Th# e:6 hau " all *o #b#l#"#e 1 and <e ee "ha" each o+ "he) #nBolBe "he *ro)o"#on o+ a 2h#"e *a<n% H%E%D%
%*
A HUESTION O. SUR8I8AL
The la " *roble) "ha" Hol)e ho<ed )e "ha" day <a ano"her )onochro)a"#c% K9e+ore <e leaBe "he e )onochro6 )a"#c 1 2a" on1K he a#d1 K"here # one )ore I <# h you "o con #der% I" # un#0ue #n )any re *ec" % The olu"#on # no" a" all Ico)*le:I@#ndeed1 "here # only1 one #)*le #dea be6 h#nd #"% 9u" "h# #dea canno" be arr#Bed a" by any co)*l#6 ca"ed *roce o+ ra"#oc#na"#onM #" can only be !ra *ed by a #n!le ac" o+ #n"u#"#on%K .ull o+ cur#o #"y1 I <a"ched a Hol)e la#d ou" "he +ollo<6 #n! *o #"#onL
A 2h#"e b# ho* <a *laced e0ually be"<een "he 0uare e- and e?% Th#nk#n! "h# <a an oBer #!h"1 I <a abou" "o )oBe #"1 <hen Hol)e "o**ed )eL KNo1 no1 2a" onJ
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Tha"I *rec# ely "he *roble)J On <h#ch 0uare1 e- or e?1 "and "he b# ho*@!#Ben "ha" "h# !a)e <a )ono6 chro)a"#cGK I looked do<n hel*le ly1 and Hol)e con"#nued *eak6 #n!1 eB#den"ly enEoy#n! h# o<n <ord % KThe beau"#+ul "h#n! abou" "h# *roble)1K he a#d rha* od#cally1 K# "ha" #" # o del#!h"+ully ab "rac"J Indeed1 #+ #" <#ll hel* you any1 I could Eu " a <ell haBe had a 9lack b# ho* "here #n "ead o+ a 2h#"e one% Or I could haBe u ed a *a<n1 a rook1 or a 0ueen #n "ead o+ a b# ho*M #" <ould haBe )ade no d#++erenceJ And1K he <en" on1 <a:#n! )ore and )ore en"hu #a "#c1 K#n "ead o+ u #n! "ho e "<o *ar"#cular 0uare 1 I could haBe u ed any "<o adEacen" one % In +ac"1 "hey neednI" eBen be adEacen"@ "hey need only be o+ d#++eren" color J In +ac"1K he added "r#u)*han"ly1 KI could eBen "ake "he b# ho* o++ "he board and re "a"e "he *roble) "hu L In "h# )onochro)a"#c !a)e1 "here # ano"her *#ece o)e<here on "he board% Doe #" "and on a <h#"e 0uare or a black 0uareGK .ar +ro) be#n! Khel*edK by "h# #n+or)a"#on1 I +el" )ore ben#!h"ed "han eBerJ KTell you <ha"1 2a" on1K Hol)e con"#nued a b#" )# ch#eBou ly1 KIIll !#Be you a h#n"J 2hen I <a a boy1 o)eone once "old )e "he "ory o+ "he l#on and "he bear% A l#on and a bear <ere +#!h"#n! +ur#ou ly and de6 Bour#n! each o"her% .#nally each had ea"en "he o"her u*1 and "here <a no"h#n! le+" o+ e#"herJK KTha"I a hint-6 I a ked #n a "on# h)en"% Hol)e 1 <ho *erha* had no" heard )e1 con"#nued1 KAl6 "hou!h I <a 0u#"e youn! a" "he "#)e1 I had a u++#c#en" co))on en #cal !ra * o+ "he la< o+ con erBa"#on o+ )a""er "o real#/e "he ab urd#"y o+ "he #"ua"#onJK KAnd "ha"I a hint-6 I re*ea"ed% K2hy ye 1 2a" on1 #+ you look a" #" r#!h"J DonI" you ee1K Hol)e con"#nued1 <#"h unu ual #n"en #"y1 K"ha" #+ "he b# ho* <ere on "he <ron! color1 <e <ould haBe "ha" e:ac" a)e #)*o #b#l#"yG Look1 u**o e "he b# ho* <ere on a <h#"e 0uare% Then <ha" *#ece on "he black 0uare could haBe ca*"ured "he la " *#ece <h#ch +ell on a black 0uareG
%+
Cer"a#nly no" "he 2h#"e k#n! or "he *a<n 1 #nce "hey haBe neBer )oBedJ Here1 *u" "he )a""er "h# <ayL Th#nk o+ an ar)y o+ 9lack *#ece on black 0uare and an ar)y o+ 2h#"e *#ece on black 0uare IdeBour#n!I each o"her1 o "o *eak% There )u " be a" lea " one urB#BorJ 2ha" could "h# urB#6 Bor beG Only "he b# ho*J Hence #" # on a black 0uare%K I <a lo " #n ad)#ra"#on% KReally1 Hol)e 1 "h# # "he )o " re)arkable *roble) you haBe ho<n )e ye"J 2ho #nBen"ed "h# )a "er*#eceGK KMor#ar"y1K <a "he "hunderou ly une:*ec"ed re*ly% K,ood ,od1 noJK I !a *ed% KOh ye 1 2a" onJ And #" # hardly ur*r# #n!1 you kno<% Th# *roble) ha "he or" o+ d#abol#cal #)*l#c#"y <h#ch <a o )uch a *ar" o+ Mor#ar"yI na"ure%K 2e a" eBeral )#nu"e #n #lence% I <a recall#n! "ho e la " dra)a"#c day cul)#na"#n! #n Hol)e I dea"h "ru!!le <#"h Mor#ar"y oBer "he cha )% Hol)e 1 eB#den"ly read#n! )y "hou!h" 1 a#d1 KYe #ndeed1 2a" on1 #" ee)ed a #+ "he l#on and "he bear <ere abou" "o deBour each o"her1 and "ha" no"h#n! <ould re)a#n% % % % Ye"1K he added <#"h an unu ual )#le1 K"he l#on a**ear "o haBe urB#Bed%K
%)
MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE
Hol)e 1K I a#d one day1 Kdo you re)e)ber "ha" <hen you +#r " #n"roduced )e "o re"ro!rade analy # 1 you a#d "ha" "he e *roble) Bary enor)ou ly1 ran!#n! +ro) "he Bery ele6 )en"ary "o o)e o+ !rea" co)*le:#"yGK KYe 1 I re)e)ber <ell1K re*l#ed Hol)e % K2ell "hen1 ho< abou" "ry#n! )e on a d#++#cul" oneGK Hol)e looked a" )e <#"h an e:*re #on o+ *lea an" ur6 *r# e% K2a" on1 your en"hu #a ) # ad)#rable@)o " ad)#6 rable% 9u" really1 )y boy1 you )u " learn "o <alk be+ore you can run1 you kno<JK A +a"e <ould haBe #"1 I had no" lon! "o <a#" be+ore I a< an a "ound#n! de)on "ra"#on o+ Hol)e I ab#l#"y "o analy/e a Ba "ly co)*l#ca"ed #"ua"#on% I" ha**ened co)*le"ely un6 e:*ec"edly and 0u#"e *on"aneou ly1 a +ollo< % T<o day la"er1 I aro e ra"her la"e and +ound Hol)e a" break+a " <#"h a le""er #n hand% K,ood )orn#n!1 2a" on1K he a#d a he "o ed #" "o )e% K2ould you care "o !oGK I *eru ed "he le""er% I" <a an #nB#"a"#on +ro) S#r Re!#nald "o a""end <ha" he called an K#n+or)al !a"her#n!K "o be held a" h# e "a"e #n Surrey a cou*le o+ eBen#n! hence% He a*olo6 !#/ed +or "he la"ene o+ "he #nB#"a"#on1 bu" "re ed "he K#n6 +or)al#"yK o+ "he occa #on and concluded by ay#n!L KSo #+ you and Dr% 2a" on <ould care "o dro* #n ca ually1 <e <ould be del#!h"ed "o haBe you%K 2e <en"% The !a"her#n!1 <hen <e arr#Bed1 *roBed "o be +ar lar!er "han an"#c#*a"ed1 and <e a< l#""le o+ S#r Re!#nald "ha" eBen#n!% 9u" <e had "he +ollo<#n! del#!h"+ul adBen"ure1
29
#n <h#ch Hol)e !aBe "ha" a "on# h#n! de)on "ra"#on <h#ch I hall neBer +or!e"% I <a *ar"#cularly an:#ou "o ee S#r Re!#naldI l#brary1 a I had la"ely learned "ha" our ho " had an unu ual and re6 no<ned rare6book collec"#on1 and I a) o)e<ha" o+ a b#b6 l#o*h#le% 2hen Hol)e and I en"ered "h# roo)1 "here <ere only "<o o"her occu*an" @"<o Bery d# "#n!u# hed6look#n! !en"le)en a" "he +ar corner o+ "he l#brary1 dee*ly en!ro ed #n a !a)e o+ che % KMay <e #n"rudeGK a ked Hol)e a <e <alked "o<ard "he !a)e% K2hy1 cer"a#nly1K re*l#ed one o+ "he !en"le)en *lea6 an"ly a he l#+"ed h# head% 2hen <e !o" "o "he board@or ra"her1 I hould ay1 che "able@"he *o #"#on <a "h# L
On h? "here re "ed a h#ll#n! #n "ead o+ a che *#ece% KMay I #n0u#re1K I a#d1 K<hy you are u #n! a co#n #n "ead o+ a che *#eceGK K2hy1 S#r Re!#naldI ch#ldren <ere *lay#n! <#"h "he e" early "h# a+"ernoon1K re*l#ed "he a)e !en"le)an1 Kand "he youn!e " ab en")#ndedly ran o++ <#"h one o+ "he *#ece and )# *laced #" o)e<here #n "h# enor)ou 1 ra)bl#n! hou e%
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I under "and "he erBan" haBe been look#n! +or #" +or hour 1 bu" #" "#ll ha no" "urned u*%K KDoub"le #" <#ll1K a#d Hol)e % KAnd <ha" *#ece # #"GK To )y ur*r# e1 a" "h# *o#n" "he o"her !en"le)an@ clearly "he en#or o+ "he "<o@aro e and a#d1 KAre you no" Mr% Sherlock Hol)e GK K2hy1 ye 1K re*l#ed )y +r#end% KAnd "h# 1 I *re u)e1 # your +r#end Dr% 2a" onGK KYe 1K I ackno<led!ed% KHo< del#!h"+ul "o )ee" you1K he a#d <#"h !enu#ne en6 "hu #a )% K'er)#" )e "o #n"roduce )y el+@Ar"hur 'al)er6 "on1 and )y bro"her1 Rober"% 2e are bo"h !rea" ad)#rer o+ your 1 you kno<JK KHo< d#d you kno< I <a Hol)e GK #n0u#red )y +r#end% KNo )y "eryM no )y "ery a" all1K lau!hed Mr% 'al)er6 "on% KUnder "he c#rcu) "ance one need no" be a Sherlock Hol)e "o reco!n#/e Sherlock Hol)e %K KUnder "he circ5mstances-6 #n0u#red Hol)e % KMr% Hol)e 1K he con"#nued1 Kdo you recall "he ar"# " Jo6 e*h AdlerGK Hol)e kn#" h# bro< "hou!h"+ully +or a )o)en"% KYe 1K he recollec"ed% KI )e" h#) once #n a *ub abou" #: )on"h a!o% Mr% Adler # a car#ca"ur# "1 I bel#eBeGK KOh ye 1 #ndeedJK re*l#ed 'al)er "on% KAnd a )o " e:6 cellen" one% Ye "erday a" lunch1 "he conBer a"#on "urned #n your d#rec"#on% He "ook an old *#ece o+ bro<n *a*er and on "he *o" dre< a car#ca"ure o+ you "he l#ke o+ <h#ch I haBe neBer eenJ I ho*e I <#ll haBe "he *lea ure one day o+ ho<6 #n! #" "o you1 Mr% Hol)e % De *#"e an e:a!!era"#on o+ "he +ea"ure 1 "he inner l#kene # really +an"a "#cJ I "h#nk I <ould haBe reco!n#/ed you any<here #n "he <orldJK KAhJK a#d Hol)e % KAnd no<1 Mr% 'al)er "on1 you haBe "#ll no" "old )e <h#ch o+ "he che *#ece # )# #n!%K U*on <h#ch Rober" 'al)er "on Ee "#n!ly re*l#ed1 KI+ you are "ruly Sherlock Hol)e 1 yo5 hould be able "o "ell u <h#ch # "he )# #n! *#eceJK
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Hol)e 1 0u#"e uno++ended1 !ood6na"uredly re*l#ed1 KTha" # hardly a +a#r "e "1 #r% I+ "h# *o #"#on # uch "ha" #" # lo!#6 cally deduc#ble <ha" *#ece l#e on "ha" 0uare1 "hen I a) ure I <ould be able "o deduce #"% 9u"1 you kno<1 "he odd are abou" a hundred "o one a!a#n " +#nd#n! a *o #"#on arr#Bed a" #n ac"ual *lay <h#ch # a)enable "o re"ro!rade analy # %K KIn "ha" ca e1K re*l#ed "he elder 'al)er "on1 KIIll be de6 l#!h"ed "o <a!er you a hundred h#ll#n! "o one "ha" you canI" "ell u <ha" "he )# #n! *#ece # %K Hol)e "hou!h" +or a )o)en"% KAc"ually1 !en"le)en1 "ha" be" # 0u#"e un+a#r@un+a#r "o yo53 "ha" # % I could #)6 *ly g5ess <ha" "he *#ece # 1 and #nce I <ould !ue ar#!h" <#"h a *robab#l#"y o+ one ou" o+ "en1 and you are o++er#n! )e odd o+ a hundred "o one1 "hen o+ cour e I <ould "ake "he be"1 e:ce*" "ha" #" <ould no" be +a#r o+ )e "o do o%K 'al)er "on correc"ed h#) el+ and a#d1 K2ha" I hould haBe a#d1 Mr% Hol)e 1 # "ha" I <#ll <a!er you a hundred "o one "ha" you canno" know <ha" "h# *#ece # %K KAnd ho< can you kno< #+ I know-6 #n0u#red Hol)e % KI )ean "o ay1K con"#nued 'al)er "on1 K"ha" I <#ll <a!er you a hundred "o one "ha" you canno" "ell u correc"ly <ha" "he *#ece # 1 and .rove "ha" #" )u " be "h# *#ece%K Hol)e "hou!h" +or a )o)en"1 "hen re*l#ed1 KI a) no" u ually a be""#n! )an1 Mr% 'al)er "on1 bu" I )u " ay "ha" "h# challen!e #n"r#!ue )e% 8ery <ell1 I acce*"J Only ho< )uch "#)e <#ll you *er)#" )eGK KHo< )uch "#)e <ould you l#keGK #n0u#red 'al)er "on K2ould hal+ an hour be rea onableGK a ked Hol)e % K'er+ec"ly1K 'al)er "on re*l#ed% KA a )a""er o+ +ac"1 )y bro"her and I <ere bo"h !e""#n! a b#" "#++ #""#n! o lon! a" "he !a)e1 and I "h#nk a hal+6hour Eaun" on "he !round ou"6 #de <ould do u bo"h a b#" o+ !ood% 2hen <e re"urn1 Mr% Hol)e 1 I a ure you I <#ll be del#!h"ed #+ you <#n "he <a!erJK So ay#n!1 he le+" "he l#brary1 +ollo<ed by h# bro"her% 2hen bo"h 'al)er "on had !one1 Hol)e a" once be!an "udy#n! "he *o #"#on <#"h "he eye o+ an ea!er ha<k% The
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*roble) ee)ed "oo d#++#cul" +or )e1 o I <#"hdre< and "ar"ed bro< #n! a)on! "he book % And <ha" a l#brary #" <a J The !lo<#n! re*or" I had rece#Bed <ere no e:a!!era6 "#on% .or e:a)*le1 "here <a a +#r " ed#"#on o+ "he Character/ istics by "he R#!h" Honourable An"hony Coo*er1 Earl o+ Sha+"e bury1 co)*le"ed #n 3=35% Th# <a a book lon! ou" o+ *r#n"1 and e:ceed#n!ly rare #n any ed#"#on% I e""led )y el+ co)+or"ably +or a !ood hal+6hour o+ read#n!% Ju " +#+"een )#nu"e la"er1 ho<eBer1 Hol)e I Bo#ce ran! ou" "r#u)6 *han"lyL KIIBe !o" #"1 2a" on1 IIBe !o" #"J I canI" <a#" +or "he !en"le)en "o re"urnJK A #" ha**ened1 "hey re"urned no" +#+"een1 bu" only +#Be )#nu"e a+"er<ard % KDonI" be alar)ed1 Hol)e 1K a#d "he en#or 'al)er "on1 Kyou "#ll haBe "en )#nu"e % Or <ould our *re ence d# "urb youGK KNo" a" all1 !en"le)en1K Hol)e re*l#ed1 K"hou!h a a )a""er o+ +ac"1 I haBe already olBed your l#""le *roble)%K KReallyJK e:cla#)ed 'al)er "on #n !enu#nely ha**y a 6 "on# h)en"% KTha" # a)a/#n!J Rober" and I <ere d# cu #n! "he #"ua"#on ou" #de% A you )u " no< real#/e1 Hol)e 1 <e bo"h *layed <#ldly and eccen"r#cally@"hou!h1 o+ cour e1 *er+ec"ly le!ally% 2e bo"h ca)e "o "he conclu #on1 "hou!h1 "ha" <e had *re""y <ell coBered u* our "ran!e "rack 1 and "ha" you could neBer +#nd "he)JK KOnly "he )#nor one 1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KThe )aEor "rack are "#ll 0u#"e B# #ble% And "hey are all "ha" are needed "o olBe "h# )y "ery%K 2#"h ea!er an"#c#*a"#on1 "he "hree o+ u a" do<n a" "he che "ableM Hol)e "ood lec"ur#n! u 1 )uch #n "he )anner o+ a *ro+e or addre #n! "hree un#Ber #"y "uden" % KThe +#r " clue1K be!an Hol)e 1 K# obB#ou ly "ha" 9lack # #n check +ro) "he rook on d=% Ho< d#d 2h#"e ad)#n# "er "h# checkG Th# "u)*ed )e +or a )#nu"e1 un"#l I real#/ed "ha" 2h#"eI la " )oBe )u " haBe been a *a<n +ro) c= ca*6 "ur#n! a 9lack *#ece on dA and *ro)o"#n! "o a 2h#"e rook%K Ye 1K !r#nned Rober" 'al)er "on1 K"ha" <a one o+ )y eccen"r#c )oBe %K
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Hol)e con"#nued1 K2ell "hen1 "he ne:" 0ue "#on I con6 #dered <a <ha" 9lack *#ece on dA had "he 2h#"e *a<n ca*"uredG I" couldnI" be a rook1 #nce "ha" rook <ould be check#n! "he 2h#"e k#n!1 and <ould haBe had no 0uare "o co)e +ro) "o !#Be "h# check1 nor could any 2h#"e *#ece@ eBen #+ "he unkno<n <ere 2h#"e@haBe )oBed +ro) any o+ "he 0uare eA1 +A1 or !A1 "o uncoBer "h# check% There+ore1 "he 9lack *#ece Eu " ca*"ured on dA <a no" a rook% S#)#larly #" could no" be a 0ueen%K KJu " a )o)en"1K I #n"erru*"ed "hou!h"le ly% K2hy couldnI" #" be a 9lack 0ueen haB#n! co)e #n d#a!onally@ ay +ro) b4GK K9ecau e1K a#d Hol)e 1 Kbe+ore "he ca*"ure1 a 2h#"e *a<n <a on c=%K I +el" a b#" +ool# h1 and re olBed no" "o #n6 "erru*" a!a#n% KThere+ore1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K"he *#ece )u " haBe been a kn#!h" or b# ho*%K KJu " a )o)en"1K I a#d1 0u#"e +or!e""#n! )y re olu"#on% KHo< could #" be a 9lack kn#!h" <hen "here are already "<o 9lack kn#!h" on "he boardGK KReally no<1 2a" on1K a#d Hol)e <#"h a "race o+ #rr#6 "a"#on1 K<hy do you al<ay +or!e" "he *o #b#l#"y o+ an un6 der*ro)o"#onGK .eel#n! )ore +ool# h "han eBer1 I re olBed a!a#n "o Eu " l# "en% KO+ cour e #" could haBe been a kn#!h"1K a#d Hol)e % KOnly #+ #" <a 1 "hen e#"her #" or one o+ "he o"her "<o 9lack kn#!h" )u " haBe been *ro)o"ed%K .or o)e unaccoun"6 able rea on1 Ar"hur 'al)er "on blanched a l#""le a" "h# % KOn "he o"her hand1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K#+ #" <a a b# ho*1 "hen #" )u " haBe been a *ro)o"ed b# ho*%K A" "h# *o#n" I a!a#n could no" con"a#n )y el+% K2hyGK I a ked% K9ecau e1K Hol)e re*l#ed1 "h# "#)e )ore !en"ly1 K"he or#!#nal b# ho* +ro) +A ha +allen on #" o<n 0uare1 #nce ne#"her o+ "he *a<n on e= and != ha ye" )oBed "o le" #" ou"%K KOh1 o+ cour e1K I re*l#ed%
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K2ell "hen1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 KI no< real#/ed "ha" o)e "#)e earl#er #n "he !a)e1 a 9lack *a<n had al o under*ro)o"ed%K KTh# # a)a/#n!1K a#d Ar"hur 'al)er "on% KI d#d #ndeed under*ro)o"e@and "h# <a one o+ my eccen"r#c )oBe % Rober" and I *red#c"ed "ha" you <ould real#/e h# under*ro6 )o"#on1 bu" I a) a)a/ed "ha" you +ound clue lead#n! "o )#neJK KThey are ele)en"ary1K a#d Hol)e 1 Kreally ele)en"ary% The #n"ere "#n! *ar" o+ "he analy # # ye" "o co)e% No< "hen1 a" "h# *o#n" I <a able "o deduce "ha" "he )# #n! *#ece )u " be 2h#"e%K KHo<GK #n0u#red Rober" 'al)er "on% K2ell1 #" couldnI" be a 9lack rook or 0ueen1 a "hen bo"h k#n! <ould no< be #)ul"aneou ly #n check%K KI ee%K KI" couldnI" be a 9lack *a<n1 #nce only one 9lack *a<n # )# #n!1 and <e kno< "ha" #" *ro)o"ed "o a b# ho* or kn#!h"% .#nally1 #" couldnI" be ano"her 9lack kn#!h"1 nor "he b# ho* +ro) +A1 nor1 o+ cour e1 ano"her *ro)o"ed b# ho*1 #nce "h# <ould #nBolBe an e:"ra *ro)o"#on1 and only one 9lack *a<n # )# #n!% There+ore "he unkno<n *#ece )u " be 2h#"e%K K9r#ll#an"1K a#d Rober" 'al)er "on% KNo< co)e "he hard *ar"1K a#d Hol)e % K2ha" 2h#"e *#ece # #"G I" obB#ou ly canI" be a *a<n1 #nce "he only )# 6 #n! 2h#"e *a<n ha *ro)o"ed "o a rook% There+ore "he un6 kno<n # a 0ueen1 rook1 b# ho*1 or kn#!h"1 bu" <h#chG I +#r " "r#ed el#)#na"#n! *o #b#l#"#e one by one1 bu" <a un uc6 ce +ul% A" "h# *o#n"1 I be!an adly "o u *ec" "ha" "he *roble) )#!h" be un olBable% 9u" "hen uddenly I had an #deaJ I+ #" <orked@<h#ch #" d#d@I <ould be able "o el#)#6 na"e "hree o+ "he +our *o #b#l#"#e #n one +ell <oo*J KI +#r " a ked )y el+ <h#ch o+ "he 9lack *a<n d#d "he 'ro)o"#on% Tha" <a no *roble)M "he *a<n on a4 ca)e +ro) b=1 "he *a<n on c; and d4 )u " haBe collec"#Bely
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co)e +ro) c= and d=1 hence "he *a<n on c? )u " haBe co)e +ro) +=% There+ore "he )# #n! *a<n co)e +ro) h=% Ne:"1 I a ked1 on <h#ch 0uare d#d "he )# #n! *a<n *ro6 )o"eG Th# <a al o 0u#"e ea yM #" could no" haBe )arched "ra#!h" do<n "he h6+#le1 #nce "he 2h#"e *a<n on h7 ha no" ye" )oBed% Hence "he 9lack *a<n )ade a" lea " one ca*"ure% I" could no" haBe )ade )ore "han one ca*"ure1 #nce "here are eleBen 2h#"e *#ece on "he board1 #nclud#n! "he unkno<n on h?1 <h#ch <e no< kno< "o be 2h#"e% Thu +#Be 2h#"e *#ece are )# #n!% One o+ "he) <a ca*"ured by "he *a<n on a4M "hree )ore o+ "he) <ere ca*"ured by "he *a<n on c? co)#n! +ro) +=% Th# accoun" +or +our o+ "he )# #n! +#Be1 hence "he *a<n +ro) h= could no" haBe ca*6 "ured )ore "han one% Thu 1 "h# *a<n ca*"ured exactly one *#ece1 and #" *ro)o"ed on !3%K KYou kno<1K #n"erru*"ed Ar"hur 'al)er "on1 K#" really !#Be one "he )o " uncanny +eel#n! "o haBe oneI *a " )oBe "raced o accura"ely by uch #n+le:#ble lo!#cJK K2ell1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 K"he end # al)o " #n #!h"1 and no< co)e "he )o " del#ca"e *ar" o+ "he en"#re analy # J .or o)e rea on I uddenly beca)e #n"r#!ued by "he +ollo<#n! 0ue "#onL 2e kno< "ha" "he 9lack *a<n +ro) h= ca*"ured a 2h#"e *#ece somewhere on "he !6+#le1 bu" on <ha" 0uareG Su*er+#c#ally #" <ould a**ear "o be on !7 behind "he 2h#"e *a<n on !-% 9u" # "h# nece ar#ly "rueG Could no" "he *a<n on !- really haBe co)e +ro) +71 leaB#n! "he !6+#le <#de o*en +or "he adBanc#n! 9lack *a<nG 2ell no<1 u**o e "he *a<n on !- really ca)e +ro) +71 "hen #" )ade one ca*"ure% Tha" )ean "he *a<n on dA@no< #n "he +or) o+ a *ro )o"ed rook@)u " haBe co)e +ro) !7 haB#n! )ade +#Be ca*"ure M +our "o !e" +ro) !7 "o c41 and one )ore !e""#n! +ro) c= "o dA% So1 "h# *o #b#l#"y <ould #nBolBe a "o"al o+ #: ca*"ure o+ 9lack *#ece % No<1 "here are e:ac"ly #: 9lack *#ece )# #n!1 o a" +#r " !lance "h# <ould ee) *o #bleJK K2hy houldnI" #" be *o #bleGK I a ked% KAh1 2a" on1K re*l#ed Hol)e al)o " +#end# hly1 K<e
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)u " recall "ha" "he 9lack b# ho* +ro) +A neBer !o" ou" on"o "he board1bu" <a ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uareJK KO+ cour e1K I re*l#ed% KSo1 !en"le)en1 "h# *o #b#l#"y <ould #nBolBe Eu " one ca*"ure "oo )anyJ There+ore "he *a<n on !- d#d not co)e +ro) !7% So "he 9lack *ro)o"#n! *a<n really did ca*"ure on !7N O2hy do you )ake o )uch o+ "h# de"a#lGK I a ked% OI #" really releBan"GK KReleBan"JK a#d Hol)e 1 al)o " #n a hou"% KReleBan"J 2hy1 #" olBe "he en"#re *roble)1K he e:cla#)ed "r#u)6 *han"ly% KHo<GK I a ked% K9ecau e !7 # a white 0uare% Thu "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n ca*"ured on a <h#"e 0uare% And "he *a<n on a4 )ade its ca*"ure on a <h#"e 0uare% And "he *a<n on c? )ade all #" "hree ca*"ure on <h#"e 0uare % Thu all +#Be )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece <ere ca*"ured on <h#"e 0uare % No< "he one 2h#"e *#ece <h#ch canno" be ca*"ured on a <h#"e 0uare # "he b# ho* +ro) c3% I+ "he unkno<n on h? # no" "h# b# ho*1 "hen "h# b# ho* <ould haBe "o be one o+ "he +#Be )# #n! *#ece "o be ca*"ured on a <h#"e 0uare% Th# # #)*o #ble% Hence1 !en"le)en1 your )y "ery *#ece # a 2h#"e b# ho*%K 2e all "hree a" #n du)+ounded #lence% Th# <a one o+ "he )o " a)a/#n! *#ece o+ lo!#cal deduc"#on I had eBer een% Sur*r# #n! a all "h# <a "o )e1 I can <ell #)a!#ne "he eer#e e++ec" #" )u " haBe had on "he *layer <ho all "h# "#)e knew #" <a a b# ho*% And by a del#!h"+ul l#""le +lour# h o+ +a"e1 a" "ha" Bery )o)en"1 "he bu"ler ole)nly en"ered "he roo) hold#n! "he 2h#"e b# ho* #n h# hand1 <h#ch he *laced on "he "able1 announc#n!L KThe )# #n! *#ece ha been +ound1 !en"le)en%K
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A )on"h la"er <e rece#Bed ano"her #nB#"a"#on +ro) S#r Re!#nald% 2e acce*"ed <#"h *lea ure% The !a"her#n! <a +ar )aller "han on "he *reced#n! occa #on% S#r Re!#nald led u #n"o "he l#brary% To our del#!h"1 "here <ere "he 'al)er "on bro"her 1 a!a#n a" a !a)e o+ che % Ju " a <e en"ered1 I a< Ar"hur 'al)er "on co)*le"#n! a )oBe <#"h a 2h#"e kn#!h"% Then "hey bo"h a< u and Eu)*ed u* "o !ree" u % A+"er "he u ual +or)al#"#e 1 <e all a" do<n +or a del#!h"+ul eBen#n!% KII) orry I )# ed your +an"a "#c de)on "ra"#on la " )on"h1K a#d S#r Re!#nald% K9u"1 o+ cour e1 Ar"hur and Rober" haBe e:*la#ned #" "o )e do<n "o "he la " de"a#l Really 0u#"e br#ll#an"1 Hol)e JK KA a )a""er o+ +ac"1K a#d Hol)e <#"h an e:"re)ely !raBe e:*re #on1 KI <a really #lly@)o " #lly abou" "he en"#re "h#n!J 2hen I !o" ho)e1 I uddenly real#/ed "ha" I could haBe olBed "he <hole )y "ery +ar )ore e++#c#en"ly "han I d#dJ Ye #ndeed1 had I u ed e)*#r#cal ra"her "han *urely lo!#cal )e"hod 1 I could haBe olBed "he *roble) #n a +rac"#on o+ "he "#)eJK KHo<GK a ked bo"h bro"her al)o " #)ul"aneou ly% K2hy1K a#d Hol)e 1 <#"h h# old )erry "<#nkle1 Kby o*en#n! "he bo: o+ che *#ece <h#ch you !en"le)en o "ru "#n!ly le+" beh#nd <hen you <en" ou" on"o "he "errace%K Th# !o" a !ood !eneral lau!h% The conBer a"#on "hen "urned "o "he 0ue "#on o+ <he"her Hol)e 1 had he u ed uch an un+a#r )e"hod1 <ould haBe "echn#cally <on "he be"% S#r Re!#nald )a#n"a#ned "ha" he <ould no"1 ar!u#n! "ha" "he
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YOU REALLY CANIT1
YOU KNO2J
"er) o+ "he be" *ec#+#ed "ha" Hol)e no" only name "he *#ece correc"ly1 bu" .rove #" <a "he r#!h" one% Ar"hur 'al)6 er "on )a#n"a#ned "ha" Hol)e <ould haBe <on% KI" all de*end on ho< you de+#ne "he <ord I*roo+1I K he a#d% KA+"er all1 *roo+ are o+ "<o k#nd @deduc"#Be and #n6 duc"#Be% The <ord Ideduc"#BeI d#d no" en"er #n"o "he "er) o+ "he a!ree)en"% I+ Hol)e had o*ened "he bo: under our Bery no e 1K Ar"hur 'al)er "on con"#nued1 Kand ho<n u "he "h#r"y6one *#ece ly#n! collec"#Bely #n "he bo: and on "he "able1 "he #den"#"y o+ "he )# #n! *#ece <ould haBe been e 6 "abl# hed beyond any rea onable doub"% Surely1 any na"ural *h#lo o*her *re en" <ould haBe 0ual#+#ed "h# a a I*roo+%I II 2ell1 here #ndeed <a an a)u #n! *u//leJ The conBer a6 "#on "hen !o" dee*er #n"o e)an"#c and "he *h#lo o*hy o+ #nduc"#Be eB#dence% Hol)e 1 )ean<h#le1 had been look#n! <#"h #ncrea #n! #n"ere " a" "he 'al)er "on I u *ended !a)e% 're en"ly he "ook ou" o+ h# *ocke" a no"ebook1 "ore o++ a *#ece o+ *a*er1 <ro"e o)e"h#n! on one #de1 +olded #" <#"h "he <r#"#n! #n #de1 "hen <ro"e o)e"h#n! on one o+ "he hal+6 #de 1 +olded #" a!a#n <#"h "he ne< <r#"#n! #n #de1 and *laced "he +olded no"e on one #de o+ "he che "able@no" on "he 0uare 1 bu" on "he )ar!#n% Th# <a "he *o #"#onL
KYou kno<1K a#d Hol)e 1 KI <ould l#ke "o ee "h# !a)e concluded% I" *o e e o)e #n"ere "#n! +ea"ure %K K9y all )ean 1K a#d S#r Re!#nald% K2hy donI" you con6 "#nue #"G I <ould be del#!h"ed "o <a"chJK The "<o bro"her <en" back "o "he#r or#!#nal ea" a" "he che "able% I" <a abou" a )#nu"e be+ore e#"her )oBed% Then Rober" 'al)er "on *u" h# le+" hand on "he k#n! and h# r#!h" hand on "he rook and <a abou" "o ca "le% Ar"hur ra# ed h# head and <a abou" "o ay o)e"h#n! <hen Hol)e *ran! u* l#ke a "#!er and a#d1 KNo1 no1 Mr% 'al6 )er "onJ 9e+ore you )oBe1 <#ll you *lea e hal+6un+old "h# l#* o+ *a*er and read aloud <ha" I haBe <r#""enGK Rober" *#cked #" u* and read aloud1 K IYou canI" ca "leJ You really canI"1 you kno<JI K I donI" "h#nk I haBe eBer #n )y l#+e een a )an look )ore ur*r# edJ K,ood ,od1 Hol)e 1K he e:cla#)ed1 K"h# # really "oo )uchJ Th# # #ndeed a double )y "eryJK K2ell1K a#d Hol)e 1 lau!h#n!1 K#+ you <#ll co)*le"ely un+old #" and read "he re "1 I "h#nk one o+ "he "<o )y "er#e <#ll be cleared u*%K Rober" 'al)er "on d#d o1 and read1 K I2h#le I haBe been "udy#n! "h# #n"r#!u#n! *o #"#on1 Rober" 'al)er "on ha been "udy#n! me1 I "h#nk he kno< I a) on "he "ra#lJ I *re6 d#c" "ha" <hen he !oe back "o "he !a)e1 he <#ll *re"end "o ca "le1 Eu " "o "e " )eJI K KCa*#"al EokeJK roared S#r Re!#nald% KReally ca*#"alJ And no<1K he added )ore er#ou ly1 K<ould you be o !ood a "o e:*la#n "o u "he o"her )y "eryG Ho< d#d you kno< he canI" ca "leG 2ere your )e"hod deduc"#Be or #nduc"#BeGK KOh1 *urely deduc"#Be1K lau!hed Hol)e % KE:ce*" +or "he +ac" "ha" I d#d ee 2h#"eI la " )oBe a I en"ered "he l#6 brary% 2ere you a<are o+ "ha"1 Mr% 'al)er "onGK K2hy1 cer"a#nly1K re*l#ed "he youn!er 'al)er "on% KI+ you hadnI" kno<n 2h#"eI la " )oBe1 "hen you couldnI" haBe kno<n "ha" I canI" ca "le%K KCorrec"1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KOnly ho< d#d you kno< "ha"GK Hol)e #n0u#red a he "urned "o Rober" 'al)er "on%
40
KOh1 Hol)e 1K <a "he an <er1 K"h# la " )on"h I1 "oo1 haBe learned a l#""le abou" re"ro!rade analy # %K KS*lend#dJK re*l#ed Hol)e % KReally *lend#dJ In "ha" ca e1 "hen1 you *robably already kno< )y analy # GK KI bel#eBe o1K a#d Rober"1 Konly I <ould l#ke "o hear #" +ro) your o<n l#* "o ee ho< #" "all#e <#"h )#ne%K KS*lend#d1K re*l#ed Hol)e once )ore% KNo< "hen1 <e +#r " ob erBe "ha" "he 2h#"e *a<n haBe clearly ca*"ured all #: )# #n! 9lack *#ece @"he one on a; ha ca*"ured "<o1 "he one on !- ha ca*"ured one1 and "he one on h; ha ca*6 "ured "hree% No<1 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a not <#"h a *a<n & #nce #" <a <#"h a kn#!h"(1 hence #" d#d not #nBolBe a ca*6 "ure% There+ore1 #))ed#a"ely be+ore 2h#"eI la " )oBe1 "here <ere no o"her 9lack *#ece on "he board%K KClear enou!h1K I re)arked% KSo "hen1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K<ha" <a 9lackI la " )oBeG I+ #" <a <#"h "he k#n! or rook1 "hen o+ cour e 9lack canI" ca "le% I+ ne#"her "he k#n! nor "he rook )oBed la "1 "hen "he la " )oBe <a )ade by one o+ "hree *a<n on a-1 e;1 and !4% No<1 e; d#d no" )oBe la "%K K2hy no"GK #n0u#red S#r Re!#nald% K.or "he +ollo<#n! rea on L The 9lack *a<n on a- ha )ade a" lea " "hree ca*"ure 1 #+ #" ca)e +ro) d=M #" ha )ade +our1 #+ +ro) e=% The *a<n on !4 ha )ade one ca*"ure% Th# accoun" +or a" lea " +our o+ 2h#"eI +#Be )# #n! *#ece % Thu "he *a<n on e; d#d no" )ake two ca*"ure %K KII) <#"h you1 o +ar1K a#d S#r Re!#nald% K2ell "hen1 "h# )ean "ha" e; d#d no" Eu " co)e +ro) +41 or el e #" <ould *reB#ou ly haBe had "o co)e +ro) e=1 )ak6 #n! "<o ca*"ure %K KR#!h"1K I a#d% KOn "he o"her hand1 #" could no" haBe Eu " co)e +ro) d41 or el e e#"her #" ca)e *reB#ou ly +ro) e=@a!a#n )ak#n! "<o ca*"ure @or el e #" ca)e +ro) d=1 #n <h#ch ca e a- )u " naBe co)e +ro) e= ra"her "han d=1 and "h# <ould collec6 "#Bely #nBolBe #: ca*"ure 1 #nclud#n! "he ca*"ure on !41 <h#ch # one "oo )any%K
41
K,ood1K a#d Rober" 'al)er "on% KThere+ore1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K#+ e; )oBed la "1 #" )u " haBe been +ro) e4 or e=% I" couldnI" haBe co)e +ro) e4 or #" <ould haBe been check#n! "he 2h#"e k#n!% And #" couldnI" haBe co)e +ro) e= a "hen "he 9lack b# ho* +ro) +A could neBer haBe !o" ou" on "he board "o be ca*"ured by a 2h#"e *a<n%K KCa*#"alJK a#d S#r Re!#nald% KNo< "hen1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K<e kno< "ha" e; d#d no" )oBe la "% Hence@ "#ll a u)#n! "ha" ne#"her "he 9lack k#n! nor rook )oBed la "@"he la " )oBe <a )ade <#"h one o+ "he *a<n on !4 or a-% And no< I <#ll *roBe "o you "ha" #n either ca e1 "he 9lack k#n! )u " haBe )oBed o)e"#)e earl#er #n "he !a)e@"hou!h #n each ca e +or 0u#"e a d#++er6 en" rea onJ 2ell1 u**o e !4 )oBed la " +ro) +=% Then "he 9lack k#n! )u " haBe )oBed o)e"#)e earl#er "o le" "he 9lack k#n!I rook ou" on"o "he board "o be ca*"ured by a 2h#"e *a<n%K KCleBer1K I re)arked% KTha" # "he ea y ca e1 2a" onJ 2ell no<1 u**o e a)oBed la "% I" )u " haBe been +ro) a?% No< co)e "he re6 )arkable *ar"J S#nce a- <a Eu " a" a?1 #" )u " haBe co)e ul"#)a"ely +ro) d=1 )ak#n! #" "hree ca*"ure on c41 b;1 and a?1 which are all white s85ares1 And "he *a<n on !4 ha ca*"ured on a <h#"e 0uare% Thu +our o+ "he +#Be )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece haBe been ca*"ured on <h#"e 0uare % No<1 "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho* or#!#nally +ro) c3 +ell on a black 0uare1 o <a no" ca*"ured by "he *a<n e#"her on a- or !4% There+ore "he +our *#ece ca*"ured by "ho e "<o *a<n #n6 clude "he 2h#"e *a<n or#!#nally +ro) d7% Th# ra# e a l#""le *roble)J .or "h# *a<n "o !e" ca*"ured by "he *a<n on aor "he *a<n on !41 #" <ould haBe "o haBe le+" "he d6+#le1 bu" ho< could #"1 #nce all #: )# #n! 9lack *#ece haBe been ca*"ured by a;1 !-1 and h;G The only *o #b#l#"y # "ha" "he *a<n +ro) d7 ha *ro)o"edJ So1 #+ "he *a<n on a- )oBed la "1 "hen "he *a<n +ro) d7 *ro)o"ed% I" )u " haBe co)e "ra#!h" do<n "he d6+#le1 and <hen #" ca)e "o d=1 "he 9lack
'%
k#n! had "o )oBe ou" o+ check@unle 1 o+ cour e1 #" had al6 ready )oBed a<ay% There+ore1 a!a#n 9lack canI" ca "le% KTo u))ar#/e1 !en"le)en1 e#"her "he 9lack k#n! or 9lack rook ha )oBed la "1 #n <h#ch ca e 9lack canI" ca "le1 or !- ha )oBed la "1 #n <h#ch ca e "he 9lack k#n! ha *re6 B#ou ly )oBed "o le" ou" "he o"her 9lack rook1 or a- ha )oBed la "1 #n <h#ch ca e "he 9lack k#n! ha *reB#ou ly )oBed becau e o+ "he *ro)o"#n! *a<n +ro) d7% 2h#ch o+ "he "hree *o #b#l#"#e # "he ac"ual one canno" be ana6 ly/ed@only "he *layer "he) elBe can kno< "ha"% 9u" #n none o+ "he e #n "ance can 9lack ca "le%K
'$
T2O 9A,ATELLES
A" "h# )a!n#+#cen" de)on "ra"#on1 Rober" 'al)er "on could no" re+ra#n +ro) bur "#n! #n"o a**lau e1 #n <h#ch <e all oon Eo#ned% Hol)e 1 )ean<h#le1 )#led and bo<ed l#ke a )# ch#eBou choolboy% Hol)e <a "he +#r " "o *eak% KYou kno<1K he a#d1 K"h# <a one o+ "he +#ne " IcanI" ca "leI *o #"#on I haBe eBer co)e acro % Mo " o+ "he re"ro!rade *roble) #n "he l#"era"ure are o+ "h# Bar#e"y% Indeed1 "he +#r " re"ro!rade *roble) I eBer olBed <a a IcanI" ca "le%I II KDo you re)e)ber <ha" #" <a GK #n0u#red S#r Re!#nald <#"h #n"ere "% KOh ye 1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Konly I "h#nk #" # "oo #)*le "o #n"ere " you@a )ere ba!a"elle1 you kno<%K K2hy donI" you ho< #" "o u anyho<G I" )#!h" be a)u #n! "o learn <ha" !o" you "ar"ed on "he e *roble) 1 and "o "e " our elBe a!a#n " your be!#nn#n! k#ll%K K8ery <ell% Le"I ee no<1 I donI" <# h "o d# "urb "h# !a)e% S#r Re!#nald1 you <ouldnI" by any chance haBe a ec6 ond e" abou"GK KOh1 ye 1 #ndeed1K re*l#ed S#r Re!#nald1 a he <alked "o6 <ard a locked cu*board% KS#nce la " )on"hI )# ha*1 <hen "he ch#ldren )# la#d "he b# ho*1 <e <ouldnI" "h#nk o+ "ak6 #n! ano"her chance o+ #nconBen#enc#n! our !ue " 1 you kno<JK A" "h# 1 S#r Re!#nald "ook ou" a econd e" and a *or"able board1 <h#ch he *laced on a nearby "able% Hol)e e" u* "he +ollo<#n! *o #"#onL
44
T2O 9A,ATELLES
KI" # 9lackI )oBe1K a#d Hol)e % KCan 9lack ca "leGK S#nce Hol)e had de cr#bed "h# *roble) a K #)*le1K I "hou!h" I )#!h" haBe a chance o+ olB#n! #"1 and o e:er"ed )y el+ "o "he u")o " "o do o% And1 I canno" hel* bu" be *roud "o ay1 I <a "he +#r " "o !e" #"% I )ade a cou*le o+ )# "ake #n e:*o #"#on1 bu" "he )# "ake <ere )ore #n "he na"ure o+ o)# #on "han o+ +aul"y rea on#n!1 hence <ere no" er#ou % Here # "he analy # I !aBe &<#"h all "he !a* +#lled(% 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a clearly <#"h "he *a<n% 9lackI la " )oBe )u " haBe been "o ca*"ure "he 2h#"e *#ece <h#ch )oBed be+ore "ha"% Th# *#ece <ould haBe "o haBe been a kn#!h"1 #nce "he rook could no" haBe !o" ou" on"o "he board% ObB#ou ly none o+ "he 9lack *a<n ca*"ured "he kn#!h"1 and "he 9lack 0ueenI rook couldnI" haBe ca*"ured "he kn#!h"1 becau e "here # no 0uare "ha" "he kn#!h" could haBe )oBed +ro) "o !e" "o "ha" *o #"#on% L#ke<# e "he b# ho* couldnI" haBe ca*"ured #"1 #nce "he only 0uare "he kn#!h" could haBe co)e +ro) # d41 <here #" <ould haBe been check#n! "he k#n!% Hence e#"her "he k#n! or "he k#n!I rook ha )ade "he ca*"ure% So1 9lack canI" ca "le%
T2O 9A,ATELLES
The co)*any <a 0u#"e del#!h"ed <#"h )y olu"#on% Hol)e bea)ed <#"h eB#den" *r#de a" h# lo< bu" ea!er *u*#l% KYou ee1K a#d Hol)e 1 K<ha" *ro!re re ul" +ro) a**l#ca"#onGK KSho< u ano"her1K be!!ed S#r Re!#nald% KYe 1K added Ar"hur 'al)er "on1 Kano"her #)*le one% No" *erha* a #)*le a "he la " one1 bu" "hen a!a#n1 le co)*l#ca"ed "han "he analy # o+ "he !a)e I haBe been *lay6 #n! <#"h Rober"%I Hol)e "hou!h" +or a <h#le% KI haBe one1K he a#d a" la "1 K<h#ch I "h#nk )#!h" +#ll "he b#ll% I" # #)*le1 bu" ra"her ele!an"%K He arran!ed "he board a +ollo< L
KIn "h# *o #"#on1 #" # !#Ben "ha" ne#"her 2h#"e nor 9lack ha ca*"ured on h# la " )oBe% I" # 9lackI )oBe% Can he ca "leGK Rober" 'al)er "on <a "he +#r " "o +#n# h "h# *roble)% He !aBe "he +ollo<#n! nea" olu"#onL K2h#"eI la " )oBe <a no" <#"h "he *a<n on + -1 becau e "h# <ould #nBolBe a ca*"ure% I" <a no" <#"h "he rook +ro) e31 #nce #" <ould haBe checked "he k#n!% Su**o e "he 2h#"e k#n! <a )oBed la "% I" d#d no" )ake a ca*"ure1
'&
T2O 9A,ATELLES
hence "he 9lack rook <h#ch checked #" )u " haBe Eu " )oBed "o !#Be #" check1 o 9lack canI" ca "le% Thu 1 #+ 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he k#n!1 "hen 9lack canI" ca "le% No< "here # 1 o+ cour e1 "he *o #b#l#"y "ha" 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a "o ca "le% 2ell1 u**o e "h# <ere "he ca e% Then <ha" <a 9lackI la " )oBeG I+ #" <a <#"h "he k#n! or rook1 "hen o+ cour e 9lack canI" ca "le% I" could no" haBe been <#"h "he b# ho*1 #nce "hen 2h#"e <ould haBe had no )oBe #))ed#a"ely be+ore "ha"% Su**o e #" <ere <#"h "he 9lack *a<n% Then 2h#"eI *reced#n! )oBe )u " haBe been <#"h "he *a<n +ro) e71 ca*"ur#n! a *#ece on +-1 Th# )ean "ha" "he b# ho* on d3 )u " be a .romoted b# ho*J Then "he *ro)o"#n! *a<n )u " haBe co)e +ro) d=1 haBe *a ed d71 checked "he 2h#"e k#n!1 and )ade #" )oBeJ Th# # con"rary "o "he !#Ben "ha" 2h#"e ha Eu " ca "led% KIn u))aryL I+ 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he k#n!1 "hen "he 9lack rook )oBed "o check h#) and 9lack canI" ca "le% I+ 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a "o haBe ca "led1 "hen 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he k#n! or rook1 and 9lack "#ll canI" ca "le%K
47
SIR RE,INALDIS JEST
6As to .oetry3 yo5 know36 said 95m.ty D5m.ty3 stretching o5t one of his great hands3 6! can re.eat .oetry as well as other folk3 if it comes to that@ K:h1 it needn;t come to that76 Alice hastily said3 ho.ing to kee. him from beginning1 6The .iece !;m going to re.eat36 he went on witho5t noticing her remark3 6was written entirely for yo5r am5sement6 Alice felt that in that case she really ou!h" to listen to it< so she sat down and said 6Thank yo56 rather sadly1
LE2IS CARROLL
2e <ere all del#!h"ed <#"h Rober"I olu"#on% KAnd no<1K a#d S#r Re!#nald <#"h a very )# ch#eBou e:*re #on1 KI haBe a l#""le *roble) +or you1 Mr% Hol)e 1 <h#ch IIBe been <a#"#n! all eBen#n! "o ho< you%K Hol)e <a B# #bly "#red1 and d#d no" re *ond <#"h )uch en"hu #a )% KThe *#ece I a) abou" "o *re en"1K con"#nued S#r Re!6 #nald1 )ore l#Bely "han eBer1 K<a co)*o ed en"#rely #n your honour%K Hol)e &a he la"er con+#ded "o )e( +el" "ha" under "ho e c#rcu) "ance he really o5ght "o ee #"% KThank you1K he a#d ra"her adly% KYe 1 ye 1 Hol)e 1K con"#nued S#r Re!#nald1 !ro<#n! )ore )# ch#eBou and en"hu #a "#c by "he )#nu"e1 K"h# *roble) # really yo5r "y*e o+ *roble)% A a )a""er o+ +ac"1K he con"#nued *roudly1 KI co)*o ed #" )y el+JK
48
S I R RE,INALD I S J EST
KOhGK re*l#ed Hol)e % KAh1 ye 1 #ndeedJK re*l#ed S#r Re!#nald1 !lee+ully rubb#n! h# hand % KI" <a #n *#red by your br#ll#an" olu"#on la " )on"h o+ "he )# #n! b# ho*% My *roble)1 l#ke your 1 #n6 BolBe #den"#+y#n! a )# #n! *#ece% I" )#!h" be a#d "o be a variant o+ "he o"her%K KReally1 no<GK a#d Hol)e 1 <#"h !enu#nely !ro<#n! #n6 "ere "% KIn "ha" ca e I really wo5ld l#ke "o ee #"%K KI "hou!h" you <ould1 Hol)e 1 I "hou!h" you <ould1K S#r Re!#nald a#d a he e" u* "he +ollo<#n! *o #"#onL
On a; S#r Re!#nald *laced a h#ll#n!% KThe *roble) # 1 <ha" # "he *#ece on a;GK 2e all looked a" "he *o #"#on% Al)o " a" once1 I a< "he Eoke and could hardly re+ra#n +ro) bur "#n! ou" lau!h#n!% Ar"hur and Rober" 'al)er "on cau!h" on a +e< econd la"er1 and "he +our o+ u +ound #" all <e could do "o ho< no B# #ble #!n o+ a)u e)en"% 9u" Hol)e <a 0u#"e er#ou ly ab orbed #n "udy#n! "he *o #"#on% He )u""ered1 hal+ "o u and hal+ "o h#) el+1 KLe"I ee no<M 9lack # #n check% 2ha" could haBe been 2h#"eI la " )oBeG ObB#ou ly a rook +ro)
49
S I R RE,INALD I J E S T
b= ca*"ur#n! a 9lack *#ece on a=% I !ue "he ne:" 0ue "#on no< # 1 <ha" <a "he 9lack *#eceG I+ #" <a a rook1 "hen 9lack ha *ro)o"ed earl#er%%%K A" "h# *o#n"1 <e could no lon!er con"a#n our elBe 1 and all bur " ou" #n a roar% KI really donI" ee <ha"I o #n+ernally +unnyM I really donI"1K a#d Hol)e 1 B# #bly #rr#"a"ed% KCo)e1 co)e1 Hol)e 1K a#d S#r Re!#nald1 KI really canI" bear "o "ea e you any lon!er% The )# #n! *#ece1 Mr% Hol)e 1 # obB#ou ly "he 2h#"e k#n!%K 2ell1 #" d#d no" "ake lon! +or Hol)e @!ood *or" "ha" he # @"o Eo#n hear"#ly #n "he )#r"h% KCa*#"al1K roared Hol)e 1 Kca*#"al1 #ndeedJ I haBe really been !#Ben a !ood do e o+ )y o<n )ed#c#ne% Ho< )any "#)e haBe I no" "old Dr% 2a"6 onL IIn look#n! +or "he ub"le1 be care+ul no" "o oBerlook "he obB#ou %I II
*,
A RETURN 8ISIT
A <eek la"er <e had a re"urn B# #" +ro) S#r Re!#nald1 ac6 co)*an#ed by "he 'al)er "on bro"her % The B# #" <a no" une:*ec"edM Hol)e had already e" u* a che *o #"#on #n an"#c#*a"#on o+ #"% 2e <ere #""#n! by "he +#re a<a#"#n! "he#r arr#Bal1 and Hol)e <a !r#nn#n! +ro) ear "o ear% K2hy o l#ke "he *roBerb#al Che h#re ca"GK I #n0u#red% KOh1 2a" on1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 break#n! #n"o a lau!h1 KI haBe a l#""le re"urn Ee " +or S#r Re!#nald1 and I Eu " canno" <a#" "o ee h# reac"#onJK 2e d#d no"1 #ndeed1 haBe lon! "o <a#"M al)o " a" "ha" Bery )o)en" Mr % Hud on ho<ed #n our "hree B# #"or % K2ell1 <ell1 Hol)e 1 <ha" # "h# GK #n0u#red S#r Re!#6 nald1 adBanc#n! "o<ard "he che board Hol)e had e" u*% K2hy1 S#r Re!#nald1 "h# # a l#""le *roble) co)*o ed en6 "#rely #n yo5r honourJ The *roble) # +or 2h#"e "o *lay and )a"e #n one )oBe%K
A RETURN 8ISIT
KRe)arkable1K a#d S#r Re!#nald1 be+ore he "ud#ed "he *o #"#on er#ou ly% KI had no #dea "ha" a one6)oBer could *re en" any challen!eJK Then S#r Re!#nald "urned all h# concen"ra"#on on "he *roble)% A+"er a <h#le he hook h# head and a#d1 KI a) a+ra#d youIBe bea"en )e1 Hol)e % I really canI" !e" #"J The only <ay 2h#"e can eBen check 9lack # <#"h "he kn#!h" on !? e#"her )oB#n! "o h4 or ca*"ur#n! "he kn#!h" on +4% 9u" ne#"her # a )a"eJK KAre you ure o+ "ha"GK a ked Hol)e % K2hy o+ cour eJK re*l#ed S#r Re!#nald% KIn "he +#r " ca e 9lack can )oBe "o hAM #n "he econd1 9lack can "ake back "he kn#!h" <#"h a *a<n%K KNo1 he canI"1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 Kbecau e 9lack # !o#n! #n "he o"her d#rec"#onJ I+ your #de <ere really 2h#"e@a #" a**ear @"hen ho< could "he 2h#"e k#n! and 0ueen eBer haBe chan!ed *lace GKP 6To5ch=76 a#d S#r Re!#nald <#"h a lau!h% KYou really +ooled )e <#"h "ha" oneJ %%% And no<1 Mr% Hol)e 1K he <en" on1 KI ho*e you <#ll !#Be )e a chance "o re "ore )y honourJ Th# l#""le *roble) !#Be )e an #dea <h#ch1 I "h#nk1 )#!h" "u)* yo5%K KE:cellen"1K a#d Hol)e 1 <ho <a clearly #n "he )ood +or a challen!e% KOne "h#n!1 "hou!h1K con"#nued S#r Re!#nald% KThe #dea occurred "o )e only Eu " no<1 and I haBe no" ye" had "#)e "o <ork ou" "he de"a#l % I <#ll haBe "o do "h# e:*er#)en"ally a" "he board1 bu" II) a+ra#d "ha" #+ you ee )e )oB#n! "he *#ece abou"1 #" )ay !#Be you "oo !ood a clue%K KIn "ha" ca e1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 KI u!!e " "ha" "he o"her !en"le)en and I re"#re "o "he o**o #"e #de o+ "he roo) +or a b#"1 and le" you haBe "he board 0u#"e "o your el+%K KE:cellen"1K re*l#ed S#r Re!#nald1 Kbu" no *eek#n!1 you kno<JK
P The #dea +or "h# *roble) ca)e +ro) a #)#lar *u//le by Sa) Loyd #n The American 5>>list1
A RETURN 8ISIT
KNo *eek#n!1K *ro)# ed Hol)e <#"h a lau!h1 a <e <alked acro "he roo)% 2e a" and cha""ed *lea an"ly1 and Hol)e 1 "rue "o h# <ord1 neBer !lanced #n S#r Re!#naldI d#rec"#on% I1 ho<eBer1 had )ade no uch *ro)# e1 and I urre*"#"#ou ly looked oBer +ro) "#)e "o "#)e% 9u" "he e *eek 1 II) a+ra#d1 !aBe )e no clue M *erha* I *eeked a" "he <ron! "#)e J Abou" "en )#nu"e la"er1 S#r Re!#nald called ou"1 KAll r#!h"1 Mr% Hol)e 1 I haBe #"J 'ray be ea"ed% The *roble) a!a#n # +or 2h#"e "o )a"e #n one%K
Hol)e "ud#ed "he *o #"#on% A+"er a <h#le he a#d1 KII) a+ra#d youIBe bea"en )e "h# "#)e1 S#r Re!#naldJ I really canI" ee "he "r#ckJ Had you no" ho<n )e "h# *roble) #)6 )ed#a"ely a+"er "he la "1 I <ould haBe !ue ed #" <a a!a#n a )a""er o+ d#rec"#on% 9u" eBen #+ #" <ere a )a""er o+ d#rec"#on1 <ha" hel* <ould #" beG Re!ardle o+ "he d#rec"#on1 "here # no )a"e #n oneJK 2ron!JK a#d S#r Re!#nald "r#u)*han"ly% 2ron!GK a ked Hol)e % KThen <ould you *lea e "ell )e <ha" # "he )a"e #+ )y #de # 2h#"e1 and <ha" # "he )a"e #+ your #de # 2h#"eGK Ne#"her #de ha**en "o be 2h#"e1K lau!hed S#r Re!#6 nald1 Ka hould be eB#den" by "he +ac" "ha" a "he board # no< or#en"ed "o<ard u 1 "he lo<er6r#!h"6hand corner # a
53
A RETURN 8ISIT
black 0uare1 #n "ead o+ a <h#"e 0uare a #" hould be% I+ you e" #" r#!h"1 you <#ll ee "ha" "here # #ndeed a )a"e #n e#"her o+ "he o"her "<o d#rec"#on % 2#"h 2h#"e a" "he r#!h"1 "he *a<n on <ha" # no< b4 can "ake "he rook on a; and *ro6 )o"e "o a b# ho* or a 0ueen1 "hu )a"#n! "he 9lack k#n!% 2#"h 2h#"e a" "he le+"1 "he *a<n on <ha" # no< c7 ha #)*ly "o )oBe "o d7 "o e++ec" "he a)e "h#n!%K KRa callyJK a#d Hol)e 1 "ruly a)u ed% KSo "ha"I "he real rea on you <an"ed "he board "o your el+@ o you could ecre"ly ro"a"e #" n#ne"y de!ree JK K'rec# ely1K re*l#ed S#r Re!#nald% K2ell1 S#r Re!#nald1 <hen #" co)e "o che Eoke 1 I ac6 kno<led!e you "he und# *u"ed )a "er%K The re)a#nder o+ "he eBen#n! <e *en" "udy#n! "<o er#6 ou re"ro!rade *roble) 1 +ro) <h#ch I learned a !rea" deal@a <#ll "he reader1 #+ he "ud#e "he e analy e <#"h care% 9o"h *roble) <ere *re en"ed by Hol)e % KHere1K a#d Hol)e 1 K# a *o #"#on #n <h#ch #" can be *roBed "ha" 2h#"e canI" ca "le% The *roo+ # ra"her #)*le1 bu" I bel#eBe "he reason <hy 2h#"e canI" ca "le <#ll ur*r# e youJK
*'
A RETURN 8ISIT
The rea on d#d #ndeed ur*r# e u J 2h#"e # )# #n! only a rookM 9lack # )# #n! "<o rook and a b# ho*1 <h#ch <a ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare1 +A% There+ore "he *a<n on b? ca*"ured a 9lack rook and "he *a<n on !; ca*"ured a 2h#"e rook% 9lack )u " haBe ca*"ured +#r "1 #nce *r#or "o "he ca*6 "ure ne#"her o+ "he 9lack rook could haBe !o" ou" on "he board "o be ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e *a<n% Ho< "hen d#d "he )# #n! 2h#"e rook !e" ou" on "he board "o be ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n *r#or "o "he 2h#"e *a<n on b? ca*"ur#n!G The only *o #ble an <er # "ha" "he rook on h3 )u " really be "he 0ueenI rookJ The e0uence <a "h# L .#r " "he k#n!I rook !o" ou" and <a ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n1 le""#n! ou" a 9lack rook "o be ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e *a<n% Then "he rook +ro) a3 ca)e round "o h3% So "he rook on h3 # really +ro) a3J Thu o+ cour e 2h#"e canno" ca "le% KTha"I a *re""y *roble)1K a#d Ar"hur 'al)er "on% KI <onder1 #+ "he 2h#"e b# ho* <ere re)oBed +ro) c31 <ould "ha" a++ec" "he an <erGK KLe" u ee no<1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KTha"I a n#ce 0ue 6 "#on1 'al)er "onJ I" <ould )ake no d#++erence a re!ard "he +#nal ou"co)e1 bu" "he *roo+ <ould be a b#" d#++eren"% In "h# ca e1 "he rook on h3 could be "he k#n!I rook1 bu" #+ #" <ere1 "hen "he 0ueenI rook <ould haBe had "o !e" ou" B#a "he k#n!I rook 0uare1 o "he k#n! &a <ell a "he k#n!I rook( )u " haBe *reB#ou ly )oBed "o le" "he 0ueenI rook by%K
KThe ne:" *o #"#on1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K#llu "ra"e a "#ll "ran!er rea on <hy ca "l#n! # o)e"#)e #)*o #ble%K KI" # !#Ben "ha" ne#"her 0ueen ha eBer )oBed o++ her o<n color1K a#d Hol)e % KThe *roble)1 no<1 # #n "hree *ar" L
a@2h#ch #de1 #+ e#"her1 can ca "leG

b@I+ "he rook on !3 # re)oBed1 <ould "ha" a++ec" "he an <erG c@I+ "he rook # re*laced on h31 "hen <ha" <ould "he an6 <er beGK
55
A RETURN 8ISIT
Here # "he analy # "ha" Hol)e *roB#ded u <hen <e had all !#Ben u*L In &a(1 "he *#ece ca*"ured on b4 <a no" "he 2h#"e 0ueen &<ho neBer )oBed o++ her o<n color( nor "he b# ho* +ro) c3 &<h#ch neBer e ca*ed( nor "he *a<n +ro) a71 becau e #nce all "hree )# #n! 9lack *#ece )u " haBe been ca*"ured by "he *a<n on h41 #" had no ca*"ure "o )ake "o !e" on"o "he b6+#le% There+ore "he *a<n +ro) a7 ha *ro)o"ed% I" had no *#ece "o ca*"ure1 hence #" *ro)o"ed on aA% Hence "he rook on aA ha )oBed1 and 9lack canno" ca "le% No<1 "he ca*"ure on b4 clearly occurred .rior "o "he *ro6 )o"#on &or "he 2h#"e *a<n could no" haBe !one by(% There+ore #" <a no" "he *ro)o"ed *#ece <h#ch <a ca*6 "ured on b4% Tha" )ean "he *ro)o"ed 2h#"e *#ece # no< on "he board & #nce "he 0ueen1 ca*"ured on her o<n color1 "he b# ho*1 ca*"ured on c31 and o)e o"her original *#ece ca*"ured on b4 accoun" +or "he "hree )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece (% 2ha" # "he *ro)o"ed *#eceG No" "he b# ho* on b;1 becau e #" could neBer haBe e ca*ed +ro) aA on accoun" o+ "he *a<n on b=% L#ke<# e #" canno" be a kn#!h"1 becau e "he *a<n on b4 and c= &"he +or)er1 <e recall1 <a "here before "he *ro6 )o"#on( <ould haBe *reBen"ed #"% There+ore "he *ro6
*&
A RETURN 8ISIT
)o"ed *#ece # a rook% I+ #" # "he one on !31 "hen "he k#n! )u " haBe )oBed "o le" #" #n &"he *a<n on !- and hcouldnI" haBe cro 6ca*"ured1 becau e all )# #n! 9lack *#ece <ere ca*"ured by "he *a<n on h4(% On "he o"her hand1 #+ "he *ro)o"ed rook # on a31 "hen a!a#n 2h#"e canI" ca "le% Thu 2h#"e canno" ca "le e#"her% In &b(1 #+ "he rook +ro) !3 # re)oBed1 "hen "here # no eB#dence "ha" 9lack canno" ca "leM "he *ro)o"#on could be aBo#ded by "he 2h#"e k#n!I rook haB#n! been ca*"ured on b41 bu" "hen "he k#n! ha )oBed "o le" #" ou"% &Al"erna"#Bely1 "he 0ueenI rook )#!h" haBe been ca*"ured1 and "he rook on a3 could really be "he k#n!I rook%( So 9lack *erha* can ca "le1 bu" 2h#"e de+#n#"ely canno"% A +or &c(1 #n "h# ca e 9lack canno" ca "le +or "he a)e rea on a #n &a(1 bu" #" # *o #ble "ha" "he *ro)o"ed rook # "he one on a31 #n <h#ch ca e 2h#"e can ca "le on "he k#n!I #de% To u))ar#/eL &a( Ne#"her #de can ca "le% &b( 2h#"e canI" ca "leM 9lack )ay be able "o% &c( 9lack canI" ca "leM 2h#"e )ay be able "o1 bu" only on "he k#n!I #de%
*+
MYCRO.TIS 'RO9LEM
My +aBor#"e IcanI" ca "le1I K a#d Hol)e "o )e one eBe6 n#n!1 K# "he +ollo<#n!1 <h#ch <a co)*o ed by )y bro"her Mycro+"%K He e" u* "he boardL
KIn "h# *roble)1 #" # !#Ben "ha" 2h#"e !aBe 9lack odd o+ a 0ueen1 and "ha" bo"h 2h#"e kn#!h" are or#!#nal% 2h#"e can ca "le% Can he ca "le on e#"her #deGK I "ar"ed "o "udy "h# *o #"#on1 and Hol)e con"#nued1 KThe #n"ere "#n! "h#n! abou" "h# *roble) # "ha" "here # no <ay o+ kno<#n! on which #de 2h#"e can ca "leM all "ha" can be ho<n # "ha" he canno" ca "le on bo"h #de %K Here # "he analy # Hol)e !aBe a+"er I had "ru!!led <#"h "he olu"#on +or o)e "#)e un ucce +ully%
*)
MYCR O.T I S ' RO9LE M
The *#ece ca*"ured on h4 # no" "he 2h#"e 0ueen &<h#ch <a !#Ben a odd (1 nor "he b# ho* +ro) c3 &<h#ch neBer e ca*ed(1 nor "he b# ho* +ro) +3 &<h#ch # on "he <ron! color(1 nor "he )# #n! *a<n +ro) e7 &<h#ch couldnI" haBe )ade "hree ca*"ure "o !e" "o "he h6+#le(% There+ore "he *a<n +ro) e7 ha *ro)o"ed% Th# *ro)o"ed *a<n # e#"her no< on "he board or el e <a ca*"ured on h4% Su**o e #" # no< on "he board% Then #" )u " be one o+ "he rook & #nce "he 2h#"e kn#!h" are bo"h or#!#nal(% S#nce "he K#n! ha no" )oBed1 "he *ro)o"ed rook could neBer !e" "o a31 and hence )u " be on h3% So #n "h# ca e1 2h#"e can ca "le only on "he 0ueenI #de% On "he o"her hand1 u**o e "he *ro)o"ed *#ece <a ca*6 "ured on h4% Then "he *ro)o"#on occurred .rior "o "he ca*6 "ure1 <h#ch )ean "ha" <hen "he *a<n +ro) e7 reached "he e#!h"h 0uare1 "he *a<n on h4 <a "#ll on !=% No< "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) e7 e#"her *ro)o"ed on +A1 haB#n! )ade one ca*"ure1 or on eA or !A1 haB#n! )ade "<o% I+ "he +or)er1 "hen "he b# ho* +ro) +A <a *reB#ou ly ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare & #nce "he *a<n +ro) != hadnI" ye" )oBed(1 hence "he b# ho* on e; # *ro)o"ed% I+ "he la""er1 "hen "he *a<n +ro) b= )u " al o haBe *ro)o"ed #n order "o beco)e one o+ "he two *#ece "he 2h#"e *a<n ca*"ured% To haBe *ro6 )o"ed1 "he *a<n +ro) b= )u " haBe ca*"ured a *#ece on a7 and "hen e#"her *ro)o"ed on a3 or ca*"ured ano"her *#ece on b3% Could #" haBe ca*"ured a *#ece on b3G No1 becau e "he *ro)o"ed 2h#"e *a<n <a ca*"ured on h4 and "he 2h#"e 0ueen <a neBer #n "he !a)e@<h#ch leaBe only "he "<o 2h#"e b# ho* % They could no" haBe both ca*"ured on a7 and b31 becau e bo"h are <h#"e 0uare J So "he 9lack *a<n *ro)o"ed on a3 &<h#ch #nc#den"ally ho< "ha" "he 2h#"e *a<n d#d no" *ro)o"e on +A1 becau e "he b# ho* on e; <ould haBe "o be *ro)o"ed1 and #" could neBer haBe e ca*ed +ro) a3(% S#nce a 9lack *a<n *ro)o"ed on a31 "he rook on a3 ha )oBed1 hence 2h#"e can ca "le only on "he k#n!I #de% In u))aryL I+ an or#!#nal *#ece <a ca*"ured on h41 "hen
*(
MYCRO .T I S ' RO 9LEM
"he rook on h3 # *ro)o"ed1 and 2h#"e can ca "le only on "he 0ueenI #de% I+ a *ro)o"ed *#ece <a ca*"ured on h41 "hen a 9lack *a<n ha *ro)o"ed on a31 hence 2h#"e can ca "le only on "he k#n!I #de%
&,
Ano"her "roll "o "he che clubGK Hol)e a ked )e o)e day la"er% K2hy1 cer"a#nly1K I re*l#ed1 del#!h"ed <#"h "he *o #b#l#"y o+ ano"her l#""le adBen"ure% 2hen <e arr#Bed1 "<o !en"le)en unkno<n "o u <ere *lay#n! a !a)e% The *o #"#on <a a +ollo< L
A 2h#"e *a<n had been carele ly *laced on "he border be"<een !7 and h7% I <a abou" "o #n0u#re on <h#ch o+ "he "<o 0uare #" <a u**o ed "o "and <hen Hol)e held u* h# hand "o )e% I real#/ed "ha" *erha* he could ded5ce "he an <er and <ould l#ke "o ur*r# e "he *layer by de)on6 "ra"#n! "h# % So I re)a#ned #len" and <a"ched h# e:*re 6
&#
#on <#"h ea!er an"#c#*a"#on% 9u" Hol)e a#d no"h#n!1 and once or "<#ce hook h# head a b#" ho*ele ly% Ju " "hen1 2h#"e *laced h# hand on a *#ece and <a abou" "o )oBe% KJu " a )o)en"1 *lea e1K a#d Hol)e ea6 !erly% K2ould you be o !ood a "o "ell )e <he"her "h# !a)e ha been a nor)al !a)eGK KA normal !a)eGK a ked 2h#"e1 a "on# hed% KJu " <ha"1 #r1 do you )ean by a normal !a)eGK KOh1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Kby "ha" I #)*ly )ean a !a)e #n <h#ch no *a<n under*ro)o"e 1 a !a)e #n <h#ch a *a<n *ro)o"e only "o a 0ueen%K K2hy1 ye 1K re*l#ed 2h#"e1 K"h# !a)e ha been <ha" you call Inor)al%I Indeed1 o +ar "here haBe been no *ro)o6 "#on a" all%K KAhJ Then *lea e *er)#" )e1K a#d Hol)e 1 a he leaned oBer and )oBed "he 2h#"e *a<n "o "he correc" 0uare% KThank you1K re*l#ed 2h#"e1 a he <a abou" "o re u)e *lay% 9u" uddenly he looked u* a" Hol)e #n a)a/e)en"% K2hy1 ho< d#d you kno<1 #rG Ho< d#d you kno< <here "he *a<n layGK K9ecau e you <ere k#nd enou!h "o "ell )e1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 <ho <a eB#den"ly enEoy#n! "h# l#""le )y "#+#ca"#on% KI told youGK re*l#ed 2h#"e1 )ore a "on# hed "han eBer% K2hy1 ye 1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KNo" e:*l#c#"ly1 "o be ure1 bu" #)*l#c#"ly% You "old )e no" d#rec"ly1 bu" by #)*l#6 ca"#on%K Th# re)ark d#d no" a**ear "o enl#!h"en "he *layer oBer6 )uch% Hol)e con"#nued1 KI oon a< "ha" +ro) "he *o #6 "#on alone1 #" <a no" *o #ble "o *lace "he *a<n correc"lyM "here <ere "hree "h#n! I had "o kno<% .#r "1 I d#d no" kno< for s5re <h#ch #de <a 2h#"e@"hou!h1 o+ cour e1 I could )ake a *re""y !ood !ue % Second1 I d#d no" kno< <ho e )oBe #" <a % Th#rd1 I d#d no" kno< <he"her "here had been any under*ro)o"#on % 2ell1 <hen I a< one o+ you *lace h# hand on a 2h#"e *#ece "o )oBe #"1 "hen o+ cour e 3 kne< <h#ch #de <a 2h#"e and "ha" #" <a 2h#"eI )oBe% A "o
&%
"he )a""er o+ under*ro)o"#on 1 you your el+ <ere k#nd enou!h "o "ell )e% So <here # "he )y "eryGK K9u"1K a#d 9lack1 K<ha" ha all "h# "o do <#"h "he loca6 "#on o+ "he *a<nGK KOh1K a#d Hol)e ca ually1 K"ha" <a "he ele)en"ary *ar"1 you kno<% I rea oned a +ollo< L K9lack ha Eu " )oBedM <ha" <a h# la " )oBeG Ob6 B#ou ly <#"h "he k#n! or one o+ "he kn#!h" % I" could no" haBe been <#"h e#"her kn#!h"1 +or ne#"her one could haBe )oBed +ro) a 0uare <h#ch <ould no" be check#n! "he 2h#"e k#n!% There+ore #" <a "he 9lack k#n!% I" obB#ou ly d#d no" co)e +ro) b- or d-1 nor d#d #" co)e +ro) d71 #nce #" <ould "hen haBe been #n #)a!#nary check +ro) "he 2h#"e b# ho*% There+ore #" ca)e +ro) b71 )oB#n! ou" o+ check +ro) "he 2h#"e rook% Ho< d#d 2h#"e del#Ber "h# checkG He could no" haBe )oBed h# k#n! a<ay +ro) b?1 +or he <ould haBe been #n #)a!#nary check +ro) "he *a<n on a;% Nor1 o+ cour e1 could he haBe )oBed h# k#n! +ro) b-% Could #" be "ha" "he rook #" el+ )oBed la " +ro) c;1 d;1 or e; and !aBe "he check d#rec"lyG 2ell1 con #der#n! "he o"her 2h#"e rook on b41 only #+ "he check#n! rook ca.t5red a 9lack *#ece on b;% 2ha" 9lack *#ece could "h# beG No" a kn#!h"1 #nce "here are "<o 9lack kn#!h" on "he board1 and "here haBe been no under*ro)o"#on % Al o1 no" a b# ho*1 becau e "he 9lack b# ho* )oB#n! on <h#"e 0uare # "#ll on cA% Al o no" a *a<n1 becau e "he *a<n on a; co)e ul"#)a"ely +ro) c=1 hence no *a<n +ro) e=1 +=1 !=1 or h= could *o #bly !e" "o b;% Al o no" a rook1 becau e "he rook +ro) aA could no" haBe !o""en ou" on"o "he board1 bu" )u " haBe been ca*6 "ured on aA or bA1 #nce ne#"her "he b# ho* on cA nor "he *a<n on a=1 b=1 and d= haBe ye" )oBed% The la " *o #b#l6 #"y "o e:a)#ne # "he 9lack 0ueen% Th# 1 "oo1 # no" *o #ble1 becau e #" <ould haBe been check#n! 2h#"e and could no" haBe co)e +ro) any 0uare <h#ch <ould no" be check#n! 2h#"e@eBen a u)#n! "ha" "he rook1 #n ca*"ur#n! her1 had co)e a +ar a +ro) e;%
&$
KThu 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a not <#"h "he rook on b;% There+ore 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he k#n! +ro) b71 ca./ t5ring "he 2h#"e *#ece on c71 <h#ch had Eu " d# coBered check +ro) "he rook% Th# 2h#"e *#ece could only be a kn#!h" +ro) b? or a b# ho* +ro) b-% The +or)er # ou"1 #nce "here are "<o 2h#"e kn#!h" on "he board1 and "here haBenI" been any under*ro)o"#on % There+ore 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h h# k#n! on b71 ca*"ur#n! a 2h#"e b# ho* on c7% The ho)e 0uare o+ "h# b# ho* # +31 hence "he *a<n be"<een !7 and h7 )u " really be on h71 o"her<# e "he b# ho* couldnI" haBe le+" #" ho)e 0uare% Tha"1 !en"le)en1 *roBe "ha" "he *a<n # on h7%K KAn ad)#rable cha#n o+ rea on#n!1K re)arked 2h#"e% KD#d you ay1K a#d 9lack1 K"ha" "h# <a "he elementary *ar"GK K2ell1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 #n a or" o+ )# ch#eBou hal+6 a*olo!y1 K*erha* I hould haBe a#d fairly ele)en"ary%K
A )o)en" la"er Hol)e con"#nued1 KAc"ually1 !en"le6 )en1 "h# *o #"#on # al)o " #den"#cal <#"h one I ca)e acro o)e "#)e a!o%K U #n! a board and che )en +ro) a nearby Bacan" "able1 he e" u* "he +ollo<#n!L
KThe cond#"#on are "he a)e a be+ore@"ha" # "o ay1 #" # 2h#"eI )oBe and "here haBe been no under*ro)o"#on % The *o #"#on d#++er +ro) "he *reced#n! #n "ha" "he *a<n <h#ch <a *reB#ou ly *laced a)b#!uou ly no< "and de+#6 n#"ely on !71 <herea "he *a<n <h#ch *reB#ou ly "ood de+#6 n#"ely on c4 # no< *laced a)b#!uou ly be"<een c4 and d4% The *roble) # L Doe "h# *a<n "and on c4 or d4GK K2hy1 on d41 o+ cour e1K re*l#ed one o+ "he "<o *layer #n "an"ly% H# na)e <a .er!u on1 and <e la"er +ound h#) "o be an e:cellen" lo!#c#an% K2hyGK #n0u#red Hol)e K9ecau e1K re*l#ed .er!u on1 K#+ #" <ere on c41 <e <ould haBe "he a)e #)*o #ble #"ua"#on a be+ore%K KCa*#"al1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Kbu" I <ould l#ke a l#""le )ore #n+or)a"#on "han "ha"% 2ha" I really <# h "o kno< # 1 ho< doe "he *a<n be#n! on d4 ra"her "han c4 rel#eBe "he #)*o #b#l#"yGK KII) a+ra#d1K re*l#ed .er!u on1 K"ha" your 0ue "#on # no" u++#c#en"ly *rec# e "o ad)#" o+ a *rec# e an <er%K KTrue1 "rue1K re*l#ed Hol)e % K2ell "hen1 le" )e *u" "he 0ue "#on "o you "h# <ayL E:ac"ly <ha" <a "he la " )oBe 2h#"e )adeGK KTha" is a *rec# e 0ue "#on1K re*l#ed .er!u on% KLe" )e ee no<% Ah ye 1 Bery *re""yJ 2ha" ha**ened <a "h# L The a)e ar!u)en" a be+ore e "abl# he "ha" #+ "he 9lack k#n! Eu " ca*"ured a 2h#"e *#ece on c71 "h# *#ece could only be a b# ho*% 9u" #" canI" be a b# ho*1 becau e o+ "he *a<n on e7 and !7% There+ore 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he k#n! +ro) b7 "o c71 bu" #" d#d not ca*"ure a *#ece% There+ore 2h#"eI la " )oBe )u " haBe been <#"h "he rook on b; )oB#n! hor#6 /on"ally and ca*"ur#n! a 9lack *#ece on "ha" 0uare% 2ha" <a "he 9lack *#eceG 9y "he a)e ar!u)en" a be+ore1 #" couldnI" be a *a<n1 kn#!h"1 b# ho*1 or rook% 9u" a *a<n on d4 ra"her "han c4 #nBal#da"e "he *reced#n! ar!u)en" "ha" #" couldnI" be a 0ueen% I" could haBe@#ndeed #" )u " haBe@ been a 0ueen1 <h#ch !aBe check "o "he 2h#"e k#n! by co)6 #n! +ro) c4% 9u" "h# # *o #ble only #+ "he 2h#"e rook no<
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on b; had been "and#n! on c;% There+ore1 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he rook on b;1 )oB#n! +ro) c; and ca*"ur6 #n! a 0ueen on b;%KP KE:cellen" rea on#n!1K a#d Hol)e % KI do ho*e1 Mr% .er!u on1 <e hall haBe "he *lea ure o+ ee#n! you a!a#n%K
Hol)e and I <ere Eu " abou" "o leaBe "he club <hen he "o**ed a" one o+ "he )any de er"ed che "able on <h#ch "here <a an un+#n# hed !a)e% KHalloa1K he a#d1 K"h# )ay be #n"ere "#n!% Mr% .er!u on and Mr% .en"on1K he called1 K#+ you <ouldnI" )#nd "e**#n! oBer here a )o)en"1 I "h#nk <e )ay haBe ano"her #n"r#!u#n! *o #"#on "o analy/e% A!a#n <e haBe an a)b#!uou ly *laced *a<n1 bu" "h# "#)e Ber"#6 cally ra"her "han hor#/on"ally%K 2e "ud#ed "he *o #"#onL
P I+ "he reader +#nd "h# e:*lana"#on d#++#cul" "o +ollo<1 I u!!e " "ha" he *u" "he 9lack k#n! on b71 "he 2h#"e rook no< on b; on c;1 "he a)b#!uou *a<n on d41 and a 9lack 0ueen on c4@"h# # ho< "he *o6 #"#on <a "hree )oBe a!o% Then "he +ollo<#n! e0uence "ake u "o "he *re en" *o #"#onL &3( 9lack 0ueen "o b;1 checkM &7( rook on c; "ake 0ueenM &-( k#n! "o c7%
&&
KI <onder1K Hol)e con"#nued1 K#+ <e can deduce on <h#ch 0uare #" "and G I "h#nk <e can a+ely a u)e "ha" "he 2h#"e # a #nd#ca"ed%K A" +#r "1 I )u " ay1 #" looked 0u#"e ho*ele "o )eJ 9u" "he +our o+ u care+ully "ud#ed "he #"ua"#on "o!e"her1 and !radually "he +ollo<#n! olu"#on ca)e "o l#!h"% 9o"h 2h#"eI 0ueenI b# ho* and 9lackI k#n!I b# ho* <ere ca*"ured on "he#r ho)e 0uare % Hence "he ca*"ure on b4 and c4 <ere o+ 2h#"eI k#n!I b# ho* and kn#!h"@ clearly "he b# ho* <a ca*"ured on c4% The ca*"ure by "he 2h#"e *a<n on !- and "he one on "he +6+#le &+? or +;( <ere o+ 9lackI 0ueenI b# ho* and kn#!h"M obB#ou ly "he *a<n on "he +6+#le ca*"ured "he b# ho*% No<1 9lackI 0ueenI b# ho* d#d no" !e" ou" on"o "he board un"#l after "he ca*"ure on c4% So 2h#"eI k#n!I b# ho* <a ca*"ured be+ore 9lackI 0ueenI b# ho*% The *a<n on +6+#le co)e +ro) e7M #" )oBed be+ore 2h#"eI k#n!I b# ho* !o" ou" and <a ca*"ured% I" couldnI" haBe ca*"ured on +-1 becau e 9lackI 0ueenI b# ho* hadnI" !o" ou" ye" "o be ca*"ured% Hence #" )oBed +ro) e7 "o e? and la"er ca*"ured 9lackI 0ueenI b# ho* on +;% The e0uence <a "h# L 'a<n +ro) e7 )oBed "o e?1 "hen 2h#"eI k#n!I b# ho* !o" ou" "o be ca*"ured on c41 "hen 9lackI 0ueenI b# ho* <a ca*"ured on +;% So "he 2h#"e *a<n )u " be on +;%
&+
KTO KNO2 THE 'ASTK
I" # a cur#ou "h#n!1K re)arked Hol)e "o )e a +e< eBe6 n#n! la"er1 K"ha" "o kno< "he *a "1 one )u " o)e"#)e +#r " kno< "he +u"ure%K KOhJK I re*l#ed1 "ry#n! "o !ue "he )ean#n! o+ "h# "y*#6 cally en#!)a"#c re)ark% KCan you be a b#" )ore *ec#+#c1 Hol)e GK K2hy1 ye 1K he re*l#ed% KI haBe a Bery *ec#+#c #nc#den" #n )#nd1 a a )a""er o+ +ac"% I" occurred "o )e a a re ul" o+ "<o recen" eBen" % One <a our l#""le adBen"ure o+ "he a)b#!6 uou ly *laced *a<n% The o"her <a "he +ac" "ha" one o+ )y ca e "ook )e "h# )orn#n! #n"o a re earch labora"ory% In "he d#rec"orI roo) <a a #!n <h#ch cau!h" )y eyeL
TO KNO2 THE 'AST1 ONE MUST .IRST KNO2 THE .UTURE
KThe e "<o #nc#den" recalled "he +ollo<#n!L Abou" eBen )on"h a!o1 I <a <ork#n! on a Bery er#ou ca e1 "he clue "o <h#ch I kne< <a "o be +ound #n one o+ "he )any roo) #n Lord 9o""o)leyI hou e% I called one eBen#n! a" "he e "a"e1 bu" +ound1 "o )y d# a**o#n")en"1 a *ar"y #n *ro!re % Ho<6 eBer1 Lord 9o""o)ley1 <ho h#) el+ had a con #derable #n"er6 e " #n ee#n! "h# ca e re olBed1 <a )o " *lea an" and coo*era"#Be% He #n"roduced )e a a !ue "1 and la"er "old )e *r#Ba"ely "ha" I hould +eel *er+ec"ly +ree "o *ur ue )y #n6 Be "#!a"#on #n any *ar" o+ "he hou e I de #red% K2ell1 2a" on1 a+"er look#n! "hrou!h eBeral o+ "he
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I ITO KNO2 THE 'ASTI
e)*"y roo) 1 I +#nally ca)e u*on "he clue I <a a+"er% The *roble) <a no< olBed% SolBed1 "ha" # 1 *end#n! a cer"a#n )e a!e I <a e:*ec"#n! +ro) De"ec"#Be Le "rade% I had no"h#n! le+" "o do bu" "o <a#" +or "he )e a!e1 <h#ch I <a B#r"ually cer"a#n <ould corrobora"e )y o<n +#nd#n! % KI <a no" #n a *ar"#cularly oc#able )ood "ha" eBen#n! and d#d no" care "o reEo#n "he !ue " % To *a "he "#)e1 I lo<ly <andered "hrou!h "he roo) o+ a ra"her de er"ed <#n! o+ "h# Bery +a c#na"#n! hou e% I ca)e "o one ra"her )all roo)@a or" o+ l#brary6 "udy% In "he cen"er <a a *o 6 #bly un+#n# hed che !a)e% T<o #nade0ua"ely e:"#n!u# hed c#!ar #nd#ca"ed "ha" "he *layer had bu" recen"ly le+"% KTo )y !rea" ur*r# e1 2a" on1 a *a<n <a *laced no" on "he border be"<een "<o 0uare bu" on a corner be"<een +our 0uare @c?1 c;1 d?1 and d;J The *o #"#on <a "h# L
Tu"1 "u"1I I a#d "o )y el+1 Iho< carele can one beGI Any6 <ay1 I "hou!h" I <ould ee #+ I could deduce on <h#ch o+ "he +our 0uare "he *a<n lay1 and "hen haBe a l#""le +un by leaB#n! a no"e +or "he *layer @#+ "hey hould re"urn@"ell6 #n! "he) <here "he *a<n hould be% 9u" I oon a< "ha"1 a )a""er "ood1 "he *roble) <a un olBable% I had a)*le
69
I ITO KNO2 THE 'ASTI I
eB#dence1 <#"h <h#ch I <#ll no" bore you1 "o e "abl# h <h#ch #de <a 2h#"e1 bu" I "#ll couldnI" kno< <here "he *a<n hould be unle I kne< o)e"h#n! abou" "he f5t5re o+ "he !a)eJK I <a )ore )y "#+#ed "han eBer% Hol)e con"#nued1 KA" "ha" Bery )o)en" I heard +oo" "e* beh#nd )e1 and a Bo#ce a#d1 IA )o " del#!h"+ul hou e #ndeed1 bu" no< le" u re u)e our !a)e1I u*on <h#ch "<o !en"le)en en"ered "he roo)1 nodded "o )e1 and <alked "o<ard "he che "able% I <a del#!h"ed "o +#nd o)e ho*e o+ re olB#n! "h# )y "ery1 <hen uddenly )y eye cau!h" "he bu"ler #n "he corr#dor )ak#n! h# <ay "o<ard )e% I 0u#ckly "e**ed ou" #de "o )ee" h#)1 and he a#d1 IS#r1 I haBe been look#n! +or you eBery<here% There # an ur!en" )e a!e +or you ou" #de #n "he !arden%I I br# kly *r#n"ed ou" "o "he la<n1 and "here <a a boy <ho handed )e )y a<a#"ed )e a!e +ro) Le "rade% I" #ndeed con+#r)ed )y o<n +#nd#n! 1 and )y )#nd <a co)*le"ely a" re " on "ha" # ue% There <a no e)er!ency #nBolBed1 o I had "he re " o+ "he eBen#n! "o )y el+% KI <en" back "o "he roo) "o clear u* "he "#ll6un olBed che )y "ery% 2hen I arr#Bed1 I +ound1 "o )y !rea" d# a*6 *o#n")en"1 "ha" "he !a)e had been concludedM "he *layer <ere no< #nBolBed #n "he be!#nn#n! "a!e o+ a ne< !a)e% All "race obl#"era"edJ 9u" "hen I had an #deaL I,en"le)en1I I a ked1 I<ould you )#nd "ell#n! )e <ho <on "he la " !a)eGI K I d#d1I re*l#ed one o+ "he)% Th# 1 2a" on1 olBed "he *roble)J The )y "ery # really e:ceed#n!ly ele)en"ary1 and I "h#nk you )#!h" enEoy "ry#n! your o<n hand a" #"%K 3 "ood a<h#le #n "hou!h" "udy#n! "he *o #"#on <h#ch Hol)e had re*roduced +or )e% KHol)e 1K I a#d uddenly1 K3 bel#eBe "ha" you haBe #nadBer"en"ly or del#bera"ely <#"h6 held a B#"al *#ece o+ eB#dence +ro) )e%K KI )o " de+#n#"ely d#d no"1K re"or"ed Hol)e dec# #Bely% KMy dear Hol)e 1K I re*l#ed1 Kdo you real#/e "ha" you haBe no" eBen "old )e <he"her #" <a 2h#"e or 9lack <ho <on "he !a)eGK
70
KO+ cour e no"1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KTha" ha**en "o be )o " #rreleBan"% A a )a""er o+ +ac"1 I )y el+ d#d no" kno< <he"her #" <a 2h#"e or 9lack1 nor d#d I need "o% I <ould #)a!#ne #" <a 2h#"e1 #nce 2h#"e a**ear "o haBe a <#n6 n#n! *o #"#on1 bu" I d#d no" #n0u#re <he"her #" <a 2h#"e or 9lack <ho <on1 bu" only <h#ch o+ "he "<o *layer <on%K I "hou!h" abou" "h# 1 bu" could no" +a"ho) ho< #" could be releBan" <h#ch .erson <on% .#nally1 I a#d1 KHol)e 1 II) a+ra#d IIll haBe "o a k you +or a h#n"% Su**o e #" had been "he o"her *layer <ho "old you "ha" he <on% Could you haBe "#ll +ound "he olu"#onGK KCer"a#nly1K a#d Hol)e % KAnd <ould "he olu"#on haBe been "he a)e or d#++eren"GK KThe a)e1 o+ cour e%K 2ell1 here <a #ndeed a *u//ler% KHol)e 1K I +#nally a#d1 KII) a+ra#d IIll haBe "o !#Be u*%K K2ell1 <ell1K a#d Hol)e % KAc"ually1 "h# # "he "y*e o+ *roble)1 I "h#nk1 <h#ch #+ one canno" olBe #))ed#a"ely1 one # no" l#kely "o olBe a" all% The <hole *o#n"1 2a" on1 # "h# L I a ked +or )ore #n+or)a"#on "han I ac"ually needed% I" d#d no" )a""er "o )e <h#ch side <on1 and cer"a#nly no" <h#ch .erson <on1 only "ha" somebody <on% In o"her <ord 1 "he !a)e d#d no" end #n a dra<% More *ec#+#cally1 "he !a)e d#d no" end #n a "ale)a"e% No<1 2a" on1 #+ #" <a 2h#"eI )oBe1 "hen re!ardle o+ <here "he 2h#"e *a<n "ood1 2h#"e <ould haBe no *o #ble )oBe "o aBo#d "ale6 )a"e% Hence #" ha "o be 9lackI )oBe% 9u" <ha" could 9lackI )oBe beG The only *o #b#l#"y # "ha" "he a)b#!6 uou ly *laced *a<n really "and on c? and "he 9lack *a<n "ake #" en .assant1 There+ore "he 2h#"e *a<n "and on c?%K KAh1 Hol)e 1 I ee #" no<%K Then ano"her "hou!h" oc6 curred "o )e% K9u" Hol)e 1 doe no" "he Bal#d#"y o+ your olu"#on *re u**o e "ha" 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he *a<n on c?@"ha" #" had Eu " )oBed +ro) c7G 2ha" eB#6 dence d#d you haBe "ha" "h# <a 2h#"eI la " )oBeGK
71
KYou haBe #" "he <ron! <ay around1 2a" onJ My olu6 "#on d#d no" .res5..ose "h# )oBeM #" .roved "ha" "h# )u " haBe been "he la " )oBeJ I+ "h# had not been "he la " )oBe1 "hen "he *o #"#on wo5ld haBe re ul"ed #n "ale)a"e1 <h#ch #" d#dnI"% A #)*le ca e o+ red5ctio ad abs5rd5m1 KSo1 2a" on1K con"#nued Hol)e <#"h a chuckle1 K# #" no" a)u #n! ho< #" o)e"#)e ha**en "ha" "o kno< "he *a "1 one )u " +#r " kno< "he +u"ureGK
72
A STUDY IN IMA,INARY CHECKS
The ne:" "#)e Hol)e and I B# #"ed a che club1 I learned a Baluable le on@na)ely1 ho< #" # o)e"#)e *o 6 #ble "o arr#Be a" a *er+ec"ly correc" conclu #on u #n! +aul"y rea on#n!% 2ha" ha**ened <a "h# % 2hen <e arr#Bed1 "he clubroo) <a de er"ed% SeBeral che board <ere ly#n! abou"1 o)e !a)e +#n# hed and o"her no"% One *ar"#cular *o #"#on cau!h" )y eyeL
KI <onder #+ 2h#"e can ca "le #n this *o #"#on1K I lau!hed% No" "ha" I can ee any rea on <hy he <ould want "o1 bu" I <onder #+ he could #+ he d#dGK Hol)e looked a" "he *o #"#on +or a )o)en" and re*l#ed1 Tha" 0ue "#on # 0u#"e ea y "o an <er% 2ha" do yo5 "h#nkGK I looked a!a#n% KAh1K I a#d "r#u)*han"ly% K2h#"e canI" ca "le%K
+$
Hol)e looked a" )e and a ked1 K2hy no"GK K.or a Bery #)*le rea on1K I lau!hed% K.or 2h#"e "o ca "le1 #" )u " be 2h#"eI )oBe% And #" # no" 2h#"eI )oBe%K KHo< do you kno< #" # no" 2h#"eI )oBeGK #n0u#red Hol)e % K9ecau e1K I lau!hed1 K#+ #" # 2h#"eI )oBe1 "hen 9lack ha )oBed la "% 9u" eBery 0uare "he 9lack k#n! could )oBe +ro) #nBolBe an #)a!#nary@or #)*o #ble@check%K KTha" # no" nece ar#ly "rue1 2a" on% You haBe #ndeed arr#Bed a" "he correc" conclu #on@"ha" 2h#"e canI" ca 6 "le@bu" your rea on#n! # #nade0ua"e% I <ould analy/e "he #"ua"#on "h# <ayL KI+ 2h#"e can ca "le1 "hen #" # 2h#"eI )oBe% The only *o #ble <ay +or #" "o be 2h#"eI )oBe # #+ "he 9lack k#n! Eu " ca)e +ro) a-% Th# # *o #ble1 *roB#ded 2h#"e # )oB6 #n! #n "he o**o #"e d#rec"#on "han he a**ear 1 "he la " )oBe o+ 2h#"e haB#n! been a *a<n +ro) b7 ca*"ur#n! a *#ece on a3 and *ro)o"#n! "o a rook% 9u" #n "ha" ca e1 2h#"e canI" ca "le any<ay1 becau e he # !o#n! #n "he <ron! d#rec"#on% Thu "he real rea on <hy 2h#"e canI" ca "le # "ha" e#"her #" # no" h# )oBe or he # !o#n! #n "he <ron! d#rec"#on%K KO+ cour e1K I a#d% Hol)e rearran!ed "he boardL
KAc"ually1 2a" on1 "he *reB#ou *u//le # "he econd "#)e <e haBe encoun"ered a #"ua"#on #n <h#ch <ha" a**ear "o be an #)a!#nary check )ay #n "ead be "he re ul" o+ an under*ro)o"#on% The +#r "1 #+ you recall1 <a 2h#"eI la " )oBe #n our l#""le )y "ery o+ "he )# #n! *#ece% The board I haBe Eu " e" u* ha "<o o"her * eudo6#)a!#nary check <h#ch o)e"#)e +ool *eo*le%K Hol)e con"#nued1 KIn "h# *o #"#on1 9lack could haBe co)e +ro) e#"her o+ "he 0uare a4 and c4% A kn#!h" *ro)o6 "#on could accoun" +or e#"her% I+ 9lack ca)e +ro) c41 "hen a 2h#"e *a<n +ro) b= adBanced "o bA and beca)e a kn#!h"% I+ 9lack ca)e +ro) a41 "hen a 2h#"e *a<n +ro) a= ca*6 "ured a *#ece on bA and beca)e a kn#!h"%K
+*
AN UNSOL8ED 'RO9LEM
2a" on1 "o)orro< I )u " leaBe +or "he Con"#nen"1K Hol)e a#d une:*ec"edly "o )e one eBen#n! a" 9aker S"ree"% KI a) on a ca e o+ #n"erna"#onal #)*or"ance1 and I haBe no #dea ho< lon! I hall be !one% I" <#ll *robably be eBeral <eek 1 and )ay be o)e )on"h %K K2ha" <#ll I do +or che adBen"ure GK I a ked adly% K9y no<1 2a" on1K a#d Hol)e !ood6na"uredly1 KI "h#nk you can +a#rly <ell +unc"#on on your o<n% Ju " kee* your eye o*en and your )#nd aler"% KThou!h be+ore I leaBe1 2a" on1K he con"#nued1 KI <# h "o d# cu <#"h you a *roble) <h#ch ha been on )y )#nd and <h#ch I haBe been unable "o olBe%K KYou e:*ec" me "o olBe #"GK I a ked #ncredulou ly% KNo1 2a" on1 II) no" ure "ha" anyone can olBe #"1K he re*l#ed "hou!h"+ully% KIndeed1 II) no" ure "ha" #" has a <ell6de+#ned olu"#on% The olu"#on ee) "o l#e o)e<here #n "he borderland be"<een che 1 lo!#c1 *h#lo o*hy1 l#n!u# 6 "#c 1 e)an"#c 1 and la<%K KSound l#ke a )o " #n"r#!u#n! co)b#na"#on1K I re*l#ed% K'lea e le" )e ee #"%K K.#r " I )u " !#Be you a b#" o+ h# "or#cal back!round1K a#d Hol)e % KRecen"ly I haBe been do#n! o)e re earch on "he eBolu"#on o+ "he !a)e o+ che % The rule haBe chan!ed )any "#)e "hrou!hou" "he cen"ur#e % Here1 #" # "he la " chan!e <h#ch # releBan"%K K2ha" chan!e <a "ha"GK I #n0u#red% KI" concern "he rule +or *a<n *ro)o"#on% 9e+ore "he la " chan!e1 "he rule readL I2hen a *a<n reache "he e#!h"h
76
AN UNSOL8ED 'RO9LEM
0uare1 #" # conBer"ed "o any *#ece e:ce*" a *a<n or k#n!%I Ho<eBer1 "he old rule ne!lec"ed "o ay "ha" "he *a<n )u " *ro)o"e "o a *#ece of the same color16 K2hy <ould anyone eBer <an" "o *ro)o"e "o a *#ece o+ "he o..osite colorGK I a ked #n )y "y*#cally *rac"#cal +a h#on% KOh1 I donI" kno<1 2a" on1 bu" "ha"I really no" "he *o#n"% I bel#eBe "he rule o+ a !a)e l#ke che hould be ab o6 lu"ely clear and une0u#Bocal% I" cer"a#nly # no" likely "ha" one <ould <an" "o *ro)o"e "o a *#ece o+ a d#++eren" color1 bu" #" may ha**en #n a rare ca e "ha" #" # "o oneI adBan"a!e "o do o% Indeed1 "h# did once ha**en1 and "ha"I <hy "he rule <a chan!ed% I" <a dur#n! a "ourna)en"1 and 2h#"e )a"ed 9lack by *ro)o"#n! "o a 9lack kn#!h"%K KHo< d#d "ha" ha**enGK I a ked% KOh1 #" <a o)e"h#n! l#ke "h# 1K a#d Hol)e 1 and he e" u* "he boardL
KThere <ere )any )ore *#ece on "he board1 bu" +or #l6 lu "ra"#on "h# *o #"#on <#ll u++#ce% A "he *o #"#on "and 1 2h#"e canno" <#n #n one )oBe #+ "he !a)e # *layed ac6 cord#n! "o our *re en" rule o+ *ro)o"#on1 bu" be+ore "he
77
AN UNSOL8ED 'RO9LEM
chan!e1 2h#"e <#n #n one )oBe by adBanc#n! "he *a<n and *ro)o"#n! "o a 9lack kn#!h"% KA" any ra"e1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 KI really <ouldnI" haBe cared #+ uch a ca e never ca)e u* #n ac"ual *lay% 2hen I ca)e acro "h# chan!e o+ rule1 )y +#r " "hou!h" <a <ha" a +#eld day #" <ould be +or re"ro!rade analy " "o co)*o e *roble) accord#n! "o "he archa#c rule o+ *a<n *ro)o"#onJ I ho*e o)e +u"ure re"ro!rader <#ll do "h# % KThen1K he <en" on1 K"he +ollo<#n! cur#ou *roble) oc6 curred "o )e% Le" u ay "he +ollo<#n! !a)e <a *layed #n "he old day <hen #" <a allo<ed "o *ro)o"e "o a d#++eren" colorL
KNo<1 u**o #n! #" # !#Ben "ha" #" # 9lackI )oBe and "ha" 9lack ha neBer )oBed h# k#n!% My 0ue "#on # L Can Black castle-6 I looked a" "he *o #"#on1 and 0u#ckly !o" "he *o#n"L 2h#"eI only *o #ble la " )oBe <a <#"h a *a<n *ro)o"#n! "o "he 9lack rook on aA% No< #" # !#Ben "ha" "he 9lack k#n! ha no" )oBedM "he cruc#al 0ue "#on "hen # <he"her or no" "he *ro)o"ed 9lack rook can be a#d "o haBe )oBed%
78
AN UNSOL8ED 'RO9LEM
KI <onder #+ "he rule +or ca "l#n! are +#nely enou!h "a"ed "o e""le "ha" *o#n"1K I u!!e "ed% K'erha* no"1 2a" on1 and ye" I donI" kno<J The rule +or ca "l#n! ee) rea onably e:*l#c#"L Ca "l#n! # *er)#""ed *roB#ded "ha"1 one@ne#"her "he k#n! nor "he rook ha )oBedM "<o@"he k#n! # no" #n checkM "hree@"he k#n! doe no" *a oBer any checked 0uare% Cond#"#on "<o and "hree are clearly )e"M "he <hole *roble) l#e <#"h cond#"#on one% No< <e are !#Ben "ha" "he 9lack k#n! ha no" )oBed1 o "he <hole 0ue "#on1 a you *o#n"ed ou"1 l#e <#"h "he rook% I <ould "end "o ay "ha" "he *ro)o"ed rook has not yet had time to move3 hence "ha" 9lack can ca "le%K KAnd I <ould "end "o ay "he o**o #"e1K I re*l#ed% KI <ould ay "ha" "he 9lack 0ueenI rook <a )oBed o++ "he board <hen #" <a ca*"ured1 and )oBed back on "he board <hen #" <a re#n "a"ed by a *ro)o"#on% So I <ould ay "ha" "he rook ha )oBed%K K9u" # #" really "he a)e rookGK a ked Hol)e % 2ell1 "h# # #ndeed a *u//lerJ II) ure d#++eren" reader <#ll "ake d#++eren" #de on "h# # ue% Hol)e and I *en" )o " o+ "he eBen#n! d# cu #n! #"1 bu" o+ cour e <e ca)e "o no de+#n#"#Be conclu #on% 2e run #n"o "h# *roble) a b#" )ore dee*ly o)e<here #n 'ar" II% Mean<h#le1 "h# # an a*6 *ro*r#a"e *lace "o break )y narra"#Be%
+(
' A R T
II
MARSTONIS ISLAND
A9OARD SHI'
MAY -1 3 A C ; Here <e are1 Hol)e and I1 aboard a lu:ury l#ner bound +or a "#ny # land #n "he Ea " Ind#e % I" ca)e abou" a +ollo< % I la " le+" "he reader on "he n#!h" be+ore Hol)e I de*ar6 "ure +or Euro*e% He <a !one +or abou" "hree and a hal+ )on"h and re"urned 0u#"e une:*ec"edly la " <eek@A*r#l 7A% I" <a a beau"#+ul day1 and I <a "roll#n! #n "he *ark% KI "hou!h" I <ould +#nd you here1K ca)e "ha" +a)#l#ar Bo#ce +ro) beh#nd )e% KI arr#Bed ho)e abou" "<o hour a!o1 ba! and ba!!a!e1 +ound you !one1 and +anc#ed you <ould "ake adBan"a!e o+ a day l#ke "h# %K K2hy1 Hol)e 1K I Eoy+ully re *onded1 KI had no #dea you <ere backJ Tell )e all abou" your "r#*JK KLa"er1K lau!hed Hol)e % K9u" +or no<1 "ell )e1 ho< <ould you l#ke "o "ake a "r#* "o "he Ea " Ind#e GK KThe Ea " Ind#e JK I re*l#ed #n a "on# h)en"% KSurely you are Ee "#n!% Or # #" "ha" "he ca e "ake you "hereGK KOh no1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KI brou!h" "ha" a++a#r "o a ha**y re olu"#on on "he Con"#nen"% I" "urned ou" "o be +ar le #n"r#!u#n! "han I had an"#c#*a"ed@#ndeed1 #" *roBed "o be a )o " rou"#ne ca e% S"#ll1 )y *re ence <a B#"al and all K"he cr#)#nal haBe been a**rehended% So1 I re*ea"1 ho< <ould you l#ke "o !o on a "r#* "o "he Ea " Ind#e GK K9u" "he e:*en eJK I *ro"e "ed% KMy *re en" bank ac6 coun" <ould hardly )ake uch a lu:ury *rac"#cableJK A a )a""er o+ +ac"1 2a" on1 "he "r#* <#ll co " u no"h6 #n!1 and "here )ay be a n#ce *ro+#" "o boo"%K Tell )e )ore1K I re *onded <#"h !ro<#n! #n"ere "%
)$
A9OARD SHI'
KI <#ll #ndeed1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Kbu" <ha" do you ay "o +#r " a l#""le lunchG I had hardly any break+a " "h# )orn#n!%K Abou" an hour or o la"er1 co)+or"ably e""led on an ou"6 door "errace1 a+"er a !ood lunch and a co)*le"e accoun"#n! o+ "he recen" ca e1 Hol)e con"#nued1 K2ell1 2a" on1 #" # all #n connec"#on <#"h Colonel Mar "on% You recall "ha" o)e "#)e a!o he bou!h" h# bro"herI hou e on a Bery )all # land #n "he Ea " Ind#e GK KYe 1 I recall "ha"%K KDo you kno< <hy he bou!h" #"GK KI *re u)e a a re"#re)en" *o"%K KTha"I *ar" o+ #"1 2a" on1 bu" no" 0u#"e "he <hole "ory% Do you kno< any"h#n! o+ Mar "onI ance "ryGK KNo" a "h#n!1K I re*l#ed% K2ell1 h# !rea"6!rand+a"her1 Ca*"a#n Mar "on1 <a a ra"her +a)ou #nd#B#dual%K K.a)ou #n <ha" ca*ac#"yGK I #n0u#red% K2ell1 "o *u" #" blun"ly1 he <a +a)ou a a *#ra"e%K KA .irate76 I re*l#ed #n a "on# h)en"% KD#d you ay fa/ mo5s or infamo5s-6 I added <#"h a )#le% KI u**o e e#"her adEec"#Be <ould be a**l#cable1 "hou!h I *er onally *re+er "o "h#nk o+ h#) a +a)ou % He <a really a )o " unu ual or"JK KIn <ha" <ayGK I a ked1 o)e<ha" ke*"#cally% KOh1 2a" on1 he <a a or" o+ Rob#n Hood "y*e@rob6 b#n! "he r#ch and !#B#n! "o "he *oor% O+ all "he buccaneer #n h# "ory1 I really +#nd h#) one o+ "he )o " y)*a"he"#c% No<1 I cer"a#nly do no" <# h "o condone h# obB#ou d# re *ec" +or "he la<% NeBer"hele 1 #n all Eu "#ce "o h#)1 #" )u " be added "ha" +or an ou"la<1 he <a a re)arkably hu)ane oneJ In "he +#r " *lace1 h# *#rac#e <ere all bloodle @#ndeed1 "here # no eB#dence "ha" he eBer d#d *hy #cal B#olence "o anyone% Secondly1 he neBer robbed a h#* o+ #" en"#re car!oM he "rea"ed all h# *r# oner <#"h "he u")o " con #dera"#onM and #" <a an ab olu"e *o#n" o+ honor <#"h h#) "o ee "ha" "hey al<ay !o" "o a+e"y% In +ac"1 he )ore "han once r# ked h# l#+e on "h# accoun"J Th#rdly1 he al<ay re cued any h#* #n
)'
A9OARD SHI'
d# "re % A I ay1 he <a a hu)ane a any buccaneer I kno<% KI d#d a con #derable a)oun" o+ re earch on h#) o)e "#)e a!o1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 Kand I really "h#nk h# l#+e <ould )ake a )a!n#+#cen" h# "or#cal noBel% He <a a h#!hly cul"#Ba"ed #nd#B#dual <#"h a )an#a +or collec"#n! rare )anu6 cr#*" 1 and a *a #on +or che % I" # "h# la""er *a #on <h#ch I "h#nk )ay be releBan" +or our +or"hco)#n! Ben"ure%K 6:5r Ben"ure1 Hol)e GK I a ked <#"h a )#le% KAre you no" dec#d#n! #n )y behal+GK KI really "h#nk you <#ll <an" "o !o1 2a" on1 <hen you haBe heard "he re " o+ "he "ory%K KI a) all ear 1K I con+e ed% K2ell1 "hen1 old Ca*"a#n Mar "on !aBe a<ay al)o " all h# boo"y "o *oor de erB#n! +a)#l#e % So)e1 ho<eBer1 he held #n re erBe1 and <e "h#nk he bur#ed )o " o+ "h# re erBe hor"ly be+ore h# dea"h on "he )all # land #n "he Ea " Ind#e on <h#ch he had )ade h# ho)e% KThe # land1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 Kha been +or year #n "he *o e #on o+ Colonel Mar "onI bro"her Ed<ard% I" ha been e "abl# hed al)o " beyond doub" "ha" "he "rea ure # bur#ed somewhere on "he # land1 and "he Balue and con"en" a**ear "o be +a#rly <ell a**ro:#)a"ed@abou" "<o hundred "hou and *ound #n !old and Ee<el % Ho<eBer1 Eu " <here "he "rea ure # bur#ed # "o"ally unkno<n1 and "o e:caBa"e "he <hole # land <ould co " con #derably )ore "han #" # <or"h% Thu "he "rea ure ha la#n lu)ber#n! +or clo e "o a hundred year % KNo<1K Hol)e <en" on1 K"he la " "#)e Colonel Mar "on <a #n London@"he "#)e <e had our +#r " che adBen"ure <#"h h#) and S#r Re!#nald@he "old )e1 eBeral day la"er1 "ha" Ed<ard had Eu " !o" )arr#ed "o an A)er#can lady <ho had ab olu"ely no "a "e +or "he "ro*#c @#ndeed1 he <an"ed "o l#Be clo e "o her +a)#ly #n 9o "on% So Ed<ard old "he en6 "#re e "a"e "o h# bro"her +or a rela"#Bely )all a)oun"1 <#"h "he under "and#n! "ha" #+ "he "rea ure <a eBer +ound1 #" <ould be e0ually d#B#ded be"<een "he "<o bro"her %
)*
A9OARD SHI'
KNo< I co)e "o "he e:c#"#n! *ar"1 2a" onJ A <eek a!o #n 'ar# I rece#Bed <ord +ro) Colonel Mar "on "ha" "here # no< o)e ho*e o+ loca"#n! "he "rea ure1 and he re0ue " our hel*% I" a**ear "ha" Mar "on ha +ound a)on! " "he rare Bolu)e #n "he Ca*"a#nI old l#brary a )a* h#dden be"<een "he *a!e o+ one o+ "he )anu cr#*" % I a) no" clear a "o "he de"a#l 1 bu" Mar "on bel#eBe "ha" "he )a* )ay olBe "he )y "ery% I" # #n "he +or) o+ o)e che d#a!ra) <#"h ac6 co)*any#n! )e a!e #n o)e or" o+ code% Mar "on a#d "ha" <ha" # called +or # a co)b#na"#on o+ cry*"o!ra*hy and re"ro!rade analy # % So he ha #nB#"ed u "o co)e "o h# # 6 land <#"h all e:*en e *a#d1 re!ardle o+ <he"her <e uc6 ce +ully loca"e "he "rea ure or no"% And #+ <e do1 he and h# bro"her *ro)# e u a l#beral hare%K
So here <e are1 +#r "6cla *a en!er 1 bound +or "he Ea " Ind#e J So +ar "he <ea"her ha been a +a#r a can be1 and "h# *ro)# e "o be a del#!h"+ul Boya!e% The h#* # Eu " "ee)#n! <#"h che *layer J ,a)e are #n *ro!re all oBerL on "he deck 1 #n "he loun!e1 #n "he d#n#n! roo)1 Eu " abou" eBery6 <here% So I an"#c#*a"e a !ood lo" o+ +unJ I <#ll1 o+ cour e1 kee* a +a#"h+ul accoun" o+ any che adBen"ure <e co)e acro % 9y no<1 "he reader <ho ha +a#"h+ully +ollo<ed "he ad6 Ben"ure o+ 'ar" I hould haBe no )all de!ree o+ co)*e6 "ence #n re"ro!rade analy # % Hence I hall <r#"e u* "he h#*I adBen"ure o)e<ha" d#++eren"ly "han I d#d "here% More *ec#+#cally1 I hall no" #nclude "he olu"#on "o!e"her <#"h "he narra"#Be1 bu" hall )erely *o e "he *roble) 1 +or "he reader "o "ry "o olBe +or h#) el+% I hall1 ho<eBer1 !#Be all olu"#on a" "he end o+ "he book
)&

? % Today <e had our +#r " che adBen"ure1 and an unu ual one #" <a J Aboard h#* are "<o bro"her 1 na"#Be o+ Ind#a% They o<n a )a!n#+#cen" bu" cur#ou che e" +ro) "he#r coun"ry% There # no d#++#cul"y reco!n#/#n! "he ha*e o+ "he *#ece @ "he )a#n d#++erence be#n! "he rook 1 <h#ch are #n "he +or) o+ ba""le ele*han" @bu" "he color are unu ual% In "ead o+ "he u ual black and <h#"e or red and <h#"e1 "he color o+ "h# e" are red and !reen% Hol)e and I ca)e acro "he +ollo<#n! *o #"#onL
MAY
The *layer had "e)*orar#ly abandoned "he !a)e and !one +or a "roll on "he h#*% SeBeral o"her che en"hu #a "
87
<ere look#n! a" "h# unu ual e" and <onder#n! <h#ch o+ "he color <a really 2h#"e and <h#ch 9lackM o)e conEec"ured one and o)e "he o"her% Hol)e looked a" "he *o #"#on +or a <h#le and announced1 K,en"le)en1 #" "urn ou" "o be 0u#"e unnece ary "o !ue abou" "he )a""erM #" # ded5cible <h#ch color # really 2h#"e%K And o I leaBe "he *roble) +or "he readerL 2h#ch color # really 2h#"eG
))
MAY 4 % Our ne:" adBen"ure1 <h#ch #nBolBed a *roble) <#"h a Bery *re""y olu"#on1 <a a!a#n a ca e o+ a d# *laced *a<n% Hol)e and I <ere "roll#n! on deck and ca)e acro "<o *layer ea"ed a" "h# *o #"#onL
2e *au ed "o look% Ju " "hen 9lack ca "led@<hereu*on Hol)e correc"ly adEu "ed "he *a<n% Na"urally bo"h *layer <ere ur*r# ed1 and ub e0uen"ly #n"r#!ued <hen Hol)e e:*la#ned ho< he kne<% Ho< did he kno<G
89
The moment Alice a..eared3 she was a..ealed to by all three to settle the 85estion3 and they re.eated their arg5/ ment to her3 tho5gh3 as they all s.oke at once3 she fo5nd it very hard to make o5t exactly what they said1
LE2IS CARROLL
MAY A % Hol)e ha already ac0u#red 0u#"e a re*u"a6 "#on on board a a che de"ec"#BeJ He # )uch "alked abou"1 and our ne:" adBen"ure1 a ra"her hu)orou one1 only added "o h# +a)e% 2e ca)e acro a de er"ed !a)e1 <#"h eBeral *layer "and#n! abou" ar!u#n! <he"her 9lack could or could no" ca "le%
One o+ "he ob erBer ar!ued "ha" 9lack could ca "le on "he k#n!I #de bu" no" on "he 0ueenI M ano"her1 "ha" 9lack could ca "le on "he 0ueenI #de bu" no" on "he k#n!I M a "h#rd1 "ha" he could no" ca "le a" all% No<1 each o+ "he "hree ob erBer had been *re en" a" cer"a#n "a!e o+ "he *lay1 bu" none had been *re en" dur#n! "he en"#re !a)e% Thu 1 each one had re)e)bered d#++eren" +ac" <h#ch he u ed #n u*6 *or" o+ h# ar!u)en"% A" Hol)e I a**roach1 all "hree ru hed u* "o h#) "o e"6 "le "he ar!u)en"% A all "hree "a"ed "he#r ca e #)ul"an6 eou ly1 Hol)e and I +ound #" a b#" d#++#cul" "o )ake ou" e:ac"ly <ha" "hey a#d% 9u" a+"er "he con+u #on ub #ded o)e<ha"1 Hol)e <a able "o e:"rac" "he +ollo<#n! da"a concern#n! "he h# "ory o+ "he !a)eL 3 2h#"e !aBe 9lack odd o+ a rook% 7 2h#"e ha no" ye" )oBed e#"her kn#!h"% - No *ro)o"#on haBe been )ade% ? 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a *a<n +ro) e7 "o e?% Ar)ed <#"h "he e +ac" 1 Hol)e "ud#ed "he *o #"#on ane<% A+"er a <h#le Hol)e a#d "o "he "hree d# *u"an" 1 K,en"le)en1 all o+ you are <ron!J A u)#n! you haBe re6 *or"ed "he e +our +ac" correc"ly1 #" <ould +ollo< "ha" 9lack can ca "le on e#"her #de@"hou!h #" # no" h# )oBe no<% 9u" a+"er 2h#"eI ne:" )oBe1 9lack can ca "le on e#"her #de%K KTh# can be .roved-6 a ked one o+ "he "hree #n a "on# h)en"% K2hy1 ye 1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KI" can be *roBed "ha" 9lack can ca "leGK "he d# *u"an" re*ea"ed #ncredulou ly% KCer"a#nly%K KTh# # "ruly re)arkable1 Mr% Hol)e % I haBe kno<n )any *o #"#on #n <h#ch #" can be *roBed "ha" a !#Ben #de canI" ca "le1 bu" I haBe neBer be+ore co)e acro a #"ua"#on #n <h#ch #" can be *roBed "ha" #" can16 KNe#"her haBe I1K re*l#ed Hol)e % K2ha" *u//le )e1K con"#nued "he d# *u"an"1 K# "h# L I
91
can ee ho< "o *roBe "ha" a k#n! or rook ha )oBed1 bu" I canno" +or "he l#+e o+ )e ee ho< #" can be *roBed "ha" #" hasn;t )oBed%K KIn "h# ca e "he *roo+ # 0u#"e ele)en"ary1K re*l#ed Hol)e % Can you ee ho< "o *roBe #"G
(%
THE CASE O. THE DRO''ED 'A2N
C % Today Hol)e <a a**ealed "o "o e""le an6 o"her 0ue "#on <hen <e ca)e acro "he +ollo<#n! !a)e #n *ro!re L
MAY
A 2h#"e *a<n had been acc#den"ally knocked o++ "he board% Ne#"her *layer could re)e)ber +or ure on <h#ch 0uare #" "ood% Hol)e "ud#ed "he *o #"#on a<h#le% KII) a+ra#d #" # no" de"er)#nable +ro) "he *o #"#on alone <here "he *a<n )u " be% I <#ll need "o kno< o)e"h#n! abou" "he h# "ory o+ "he !a)e% Are "here any +ac" you can "ell )eGK K2ell1K re*l#ed one o+ "he *layer 1 Kne#"her k#n! ha ye" )oBed% I "ha" any hel*GK
93
KLe"I ee no<1K re*l#ed Hol)e a he "ud#ed "he *o #6 "#on +ur"her% K2hy ye 1 #ndeed1 #" # o+ hel*J I no< kno< <here "he *a<n )u " be%K 2hereG
94
.ROM 2HEREG
MAY 37 % TodayI adBen"ure <a 1 +ro) a *urely che 6 "heore"#cal *o#n" o+ B#e<1 "he )o " #n"ere "#n! <e haBe ye" had on "h# "r#*% 2e <ere "roll#n! on deck1 "urned a corner1 and 0u#"e uddenly ca)e u*on "he +ollo<#n! !a)eL
2h#"e <a Eu " re)oB#n! h# hand +ro) "he *a<n on +?% There+ore "h# *a<n had Eu " been )oBed% 9u" <e d#d no" ee +ro) <h#ch o+ "he *o #ble 0uare @+71 +-1 or !-@he had )oBed #"% 2e a" do<n "o <a"ch "he !a)e% 9lack d#d no" re *ond +or 0u#"e a <h#le1 and Hol)e "ud#ed "he #"ua"#on <#"h
95
.ROM 2HEREG
)uch a""en"#on% Suddenly he a ked1 K,en"le)en1 are "here any *ro)o"ed *#ece on "he boardGK K2hy1 no1K re*l#ed one o+ "he *layer % KAh1 "ha" olBe "he )y "ery1K a#d Hol)e % K2ha" )y "eryGK a ked "he o"her *layer% K2ell1 you ee1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Ka I "urned "he corner1 I a< you conclud#n! your )oBe <#"h "he 2h#"e *a<n1 bu" I d#d no" kno< +ro) <ha" 0uare you had )oBed #"% No< I kno<JK Ho< d#d Hol)e kno<G
96
DI..ICUL TG
3?% Today Hol)e and I ca)e acro lo<#n! de er"ed !a)eL

MAY
"he +ol6
2e looked a" "he *o #"#on +or a <h#le% KTh# look l#ke a d#++#cul" *o #"#on "o arr#Be a"1K I re)arked% A" "h# 1 Hol)e bur " #n"o an une:*ec"ed lau!h% KYou kno<1 2a" on1 I could <ell !#Be a John on#an an <er "o your 9o <ell#an re)ark% Do you kno< "he "ory o+ John on and 9o <ell a" "he B#ol#n concer"G 2ell1 "he B#ol#n B#r"uo o had +#nally )ana!ed "o "ru!!le "hrou!h an e:"re)ely d#++#6 cul" co)*o #"#on% ITha" *#ece )u " haBe been Bery d#++#cul"1I
97
DI..ICULTG
a#d 9o <ell "o John on% ID#++#cul"GI re*l#ed John on% I2hy1 I <# h #" had been #)*o #bleJI KI )#!h" )ake a #)#lar re)ark abou" "h# che *o #"#on% I )#!h" #ndeed ayL ID#++#cul"G I <# h #" <ere #)*o #bleJI Ho<eBer1 #" # hardly nece ary +or )e "o ay "h# 1 #nce #n *o#n" o+ +ac" "he *o #"#on is #)*o #bleJ I haBe no #dea <ho *layed "h# !a)e1 bu" <hoeBer *layed #" cer"a#nly doe no" kno< "he rule o+ che %K Ho< d#d Hol)e kno< "h# *o #"#on # #)*o #bleG
()
THOU,HTS O. A LO,ICIAN
MAY 34 % A del#!h"+ul ur*r# eJ The reader )ay re6 )e)ber "he lo!#c#an .er!u on +ro) 'ar" I1 and "he adBen6 "ure o+ "he carele ly *laced *a<n% 2ell1 he # aboard h#*% Hol)e and I *en" "he en"#re day cha""#n! <#"h h#)% He # a )o " re)arkable #nd#B#dualJ He # #n"ere "ed e0ually #n *h#lo o*hy and )a"he)a"#c and # do#n! #!n#+#can" re6 earch #n "he +ounda"#on o+ )a"he)a"#c % He # a "uden" and arden" d# c#*le o+ ,o""lob .re!e% KS#nce you l#ke lo!#c *u//le 1K a#d Hol)e "o .er!u on1 KhaBe you heard "he one abou" "he # land #nhab#"ed by kn#!h" and knaBe G The kn#!h" al<ay "old "he "ru"h and "he knaBe al<ay l#ed% One day a "ran!er *a ed a !arden #n <h#ch "ood "hree #nhab#"an" o+ "he # land@le" u call "he) A1 91 and C% The "ran!er a ked AL IAre you a kn#!h" or a knaBeGI A )u)bled an #nd# "#nc" re*ly <h#ch "he "ran!er could no" )ake ou"% The "ran!er "hen a ked 91 I2ha" d#d A ayGI 9 re*l#ed1 IHe a#d he <a a knaBe%I C "hen a#d "o "he "ran!er1 IDonI" bel#eBe 91 he # ly#n!JI The *roble) # "o de"er)#ne <he"her 9 # a kn#!h" or a knaBe1 and <he"her C # a kn#!h" or a knaBe%K KYe 1 "ha" # a <ell6kno<n *u//le1K re*l#ed .er!u on% KThe olu"#on # @K KJu " a )o)en"1K I #n"erru*"ed% KI haBe no" heard "h# *roble) be+ore% 2ould you !#Be )e a )#nu"e "o "h#nk abou" #"GK K2hy1 urely1K re*l#ed .er!u on% I "hou!h" abou" "he )a""er a<h#le and ca)e "o "he +ol6 lo<#n! olu"#onL KS#nce C con"rad#c" 91 "hen C and 9 )u "
99
be o**o #"e@#%e%1 one o+ "he) # a kn#!h" and "he o"her a knaBe% 2h#ch # <h#chG 2ell1 9 a#d no" "ha" A # a knaBe1 bu" "ha" A said he <a a knaBe% Could A really haBe a#d "ha" he <a a knaBeG Cer"a#nly no"M #+ A <a a kn#!h"1 he <ould neBer haBe l#ed by ay#n! "ha" he <a a knaBe% And #+ A <a a knaBe1 he <ould neBer haBe )ade "he "ru"h+ul "a"e)en" "ha" he <a a knaBe% There+ore A neBer a#d "ha" he <a a knaBeJ Hence <hen 9 a#d "ha" A a#d he <a a knaBe1 "hen 9 <a ly#n!% Thu 9 # a knaBe and C # a kn#!h"%K KTha" # correc"1K a#d .er!u on% KYou kno<1K he con "#nued1 K"here # one +ea"ure o+ "h# *roble) I neBer haBe1 l#ked@na)ely1 "ha" C # or" o+ #rreleBan"@#rreleBan" #n "he en e "ha" "he )o)en" 9 *oke1 #" <a *o #ble "o deduce h# na"ure <#"hou" kno<#n! <ha" C a#d% Lo!#cally "here # no"h#n! <ron! <#"h "h# 1 bu" I re!ard #" a an aesthetic <eakne % No<1 I haBe "hou!h" o+ an #)*roBed Ber #on o+ "h# *roble) <h#ch # +ree +ro) "h# unde #rable +ea"ure 2ould you care "o hear #"GK K2hy1 cer"a#nly1K a#d Hol)e % K2ell "hen1 #n "ead o+ "he "ran!er a k#n! A <he"her he # a kn#!h" or knaBe1 le" h# 0ue "#on "o A beL Ho< )any kn#!h" are a)on! " youG A!a#n1 A an <er "oo #nd# "#nc"ly "o be under "ood by "he "ran!er% So "he "ran!er a!a#n a k 91 I2ha" d#d A ayGI And 9 re*l#e 1 IA a#d "here # one kn#!h" a)on! " u %I And a!a#n C ay 1 IDonI" bel#eBe 91 he # ly#n!JI A!a#n "he *roble) # 1 <ha" are 9 and CGK Hol)e and I "hou!h" abou" "h# +or a <h#le1 and <e a!reed "ha" #" <a #ndeed an #)*roBe)en"% I "h#nk "he reader )#!h" enEoy "ry#n! "o olBe "h# *roble)%
KYou kno<1 Hol)e 1K I a#d a )o)en" la"er1 KI "h#nk your con"roBer #al *roble) abou" ca "l#n! )#!h" <ell a**eal "o a lo!#c#anJ 2hy donI" <e "ell #" "o .er!u onG IId be #n6 "ere "ed #n a lo!#c#anI B#e< on "h# )a""er%K And o <e "old .er!u on abou" Hol)e I un olBed *roble)@"he one I *re en"ed "o "he reader a" "he end o+
100
'ar" I% 2e e:*la#ned ho< #n day o+ yore1 a *a<n <a al6 lo<ed "o *ro)o"e "o a *#ece o+ a d#++eren" color1 and <e e" u* "he *o #"#on% Hol)e re*ea"ed h# ar!u)en" "ha" 9lack could ca "le1 #nce "he *ro)o"ed rook ha no" ye" had "#)e "o )oBe% I re*ea"ed )#ne1 "ha" "he rook had been )oBed o++ "he board and "hen back on a!a#n% .er!u on <a Ba "ly a)u ed by "he <hole *roble)1 and con #dered Hol)e Bery #n!en#ou +or haB#n! "hou!h" o+ #"% KAc"ually1K a#d .er!u on1 K"he *roble) !oe dee*er "han )ee" "he eye% The real *roble)1 a I ee #"1 # ho<1 e:ac"ly1 you <ould de+#ne "he no"#on o+ a .iece1 I !ue you1 Dr% 2a" on1 <ould #den"#+y "he *#ece <#"h an ac"ual *hy #cal obEec"1 <ould you no"GK KO+ cour e1K I re*l#ed% K2ha" could a che *#ece be #+ no" a *hy #cal obEec"GK KAh1 "ha"I "he <hole d#++erence be"<een your *o#n" o+ B#e< and "ha" o+ Mr% Hol)e J Mr% Hol)e 1 I "h#nk1 # 1 <#"h6 ou" real#/#n! #"1 a 'la"on# " l#ke )y el+M you "end "o be )ore o+ a no)#nal# "% To u 'la"on# " 1 "he *#ece #" el+ # no" a *hy #cal obEec"M "he *hy #cal obEec" "ha" you handle # )erely a symbol +or "he *#ece% The *#ece #" el+ # an #deal6 #/ed )a"he)a"#cal en"#"y%K KII) a+ra#d "ha" is beyond )y ken1K I ad)#""ed% KI neBer <a Bery !ood a" *h#lo o*hy%K K9u" "he # ue # an #)*or"an" one1K re*l#ed .er!u on1 <#"h !ro<#n! en"hu #a )% KYour no)#nal# "#c #den"#+#ca"#on o+ "he *#ece <#"h #" )ere )a"er#al re*re en"a"#on can lead "o er#ou *roble) J .or e:a)*le1 u**o e "ha" dur#n! a !a)e o+ che o)eone re)oBed a 2h#"e *a<n +ro) #" 0uare and re*laced #" by ano"her 2h#"e *a<n +ro) "he che e"% 2ould you ay "ha" "he *a<n had moved-6 K2ell1 no1K I con+e ed% KUnder "ho e c#rcu) "ance I <ould ay no"% 9u"1K I "ubbornly *er # "ed1 K"ha" # a d#++er6 en" #"ua"#on +ro) "he one a" hand% In Hol)e I *roble)1 "he 9lack rook ha been *reB#ou ly ca*"ured and ha been o++ "he board +or o)e "#)e1 and "hen re#n "a"ed B#a a *ro)o6 "#on% Under "he e c#rcu) "ance IId ay "he rook has )oBed%K
101
KHo< do you kno< #" <a +or some time-6 re *onded .er!u on% K.or all you kno<1 2h#"eI la " )oBe )ay haBe been <#"h "he *a<n no" +ro) a= bu" +ro) b=1 ca*"ur#n! a 9lack *#ece on aA and *ro)o"#n! "o a 9lack rook@#ndeed1 "he *a<n )ay haBe ca*"ured "he Bery 9lack rook "o <h#ch #" *ro)o"edJ 2ell1 u**o e "ha" # <ha" ha ha**ened@"ha" "he *a<n *ro)o"ed "o "he Bery 9lack rook #" had Eu " ca*6 "ured1 and +ur"her)ore "ha" "he rook had neBer )oBed *re6 B#ou ly% Under "ho e c#rcu) "ance 1 <ould you "#ll ay "ha" 9lack canI" ca "leGK 2ell1 <e all had a !ood lau!h oBer "ha" oneJ Lo!#c#an do co)e ou" a" "#)e <#"h "he <#lde " *han"a #e % 9u" #" # !rea" +un%
La"er "ha" day1 .er!u on had a *roble) he <a ea!er "o ho< u % KTh# *roble)1K he a#d1 Kco)b#ne lo!#c and che #n an #n"ere "#n! )anner% The *roble) # "h# L I #" *o #ble "o de #!n a *o #"#on o "ha" #" can be *roBed "ha" 2h#"e ha a )a"e #n "<o )oBe 1 ye" "ha" #" # #)*o #ble "o e:h#b#" "he )a"eGK 9o"h Hol)e and I <ere 0u#"e *u//led a "o e:ac"ly <ha" .er!u on had #n )#nd% KCould you be a b#" )ore e:*l#c#"GK I a ked% K2ell1 ye 1K re*l#ed .er!u on% KI haBe #n )#nd a con6 cre"e *o #"#on% In "h# *o #"#on #" can be *roBed "ha" 2h#"e can *lay and )a"e #n "<o% 9y "h# I )ean "ha" #" can be *roBed "ha" "here exists a )oBe +or 2h#"e uch "ha" !#Ben any re*ly o+ 9lack1 2h#"e "hen ha a )a"#n! )oBe% And ye" "here e:# " no +#r " )oBe +or 2h#"e uch "ha" #" can be *roBed of that move "ha" !#Ben any re*ly o+ 9lack1 2h#"e "hen ha a )a"e on "he ne:" )oBe%K KI <# h )y bro"her1 Mycro+"1 <ere here1K a#d Hol)e % KHe ha )ore o+ a +la#r +or ab "rac" rea on#n! "han I% Indeed1 "h# "y*e o+ *roble) # Eu " h# cu* o+ "eaJ A +or )y el+1 I haBe had l#""le "ra#n#n! #n "h# h#!hly re+#ned "echn#cal "y*e o+ rea on#n!% Ho<eBer1 I )u " con+e "ha" <ha" you de6
102
cr#be ound "o )e #)*o #bleJ A+"er all1 che # a +#n#"e !a)eM a" any "a!e "here are only o )any )oBe "ha" can be )ade% Hence1 #" <ould ee) "ha" one can e:a)#ne +#n#"ely all "he )any *o #ble ou"co)e o+ "he ne:" "<o )oBe % I+ one o+ 2h#"eI *o #ble +#r " )oBe lead "o )a"e #n each o+ "he *o #ble ou"co)e "ar"#n! <#"h "ha" )oBe1 "hen "h# )u " be a *roo+ "ha" 2h#"e can )a"e #n "<o1 and )oreoBer )u " be a *roo+ for that .artic5lar move1 So I a) co)6 *le"ely *u//led by <ha" you ayJK K2ell1 no<1K re*l#ed .er!u on1 Kyour ar!u)en" con6 "a#n a ub"le bu" dece*"#Be +allacy% Ho<eBer1 ra"her "han con"#nue "he d# cu #on on "h# ab "rac" leBel1 le" )e ho< you "he concre"e *o #"#on I haBe #n )#nd%K He arran!ed "he che )en a +ollo< L
KI cla#) "ha" #n "h# *o #"#on1 !#Ben "ha" #" # 2h#"eI )oBe1 #" can be *roBed "ha" 2h#"e can *lay and )a"e #n "<o1 bu" "ha" one canno" e:h#b#" "he )a"e%K Hol)e and I "ud#ed "he *o #"#on +or eBeral )#nu"e % Suddenly Hol)e !o" #"% K9y JoBe1 Mr% .er!u on1 you are r#!h"1 ab olu"ely r#!h"J Really br#ll#an"J KYou re)e)ber1 2a" on1K Hol)e con"#nued1 K"ha"
#,$
*roble) I once ho<ed you #n connec"#on <#"h "he )o""o ITo kno< "he *a "1 one )u " +#r " kno< "he +u"ure%I 2ell1 I "h#nk .er!u onI *roble) n#cely #llu "ra"e "he )ore u ual *r#nc#*leL To kno< "he +u"ure1 one )u " +#r " kno< "he *a "%K I+ "he reader +#nd h#) el+ ba++led a" "h# *o#n"1 he <#ll be6 co)e *lea an"ly unba++led <hen he read "he olu"#on%
104
A HUESTION O. 'ROMOTION
MAY 3A & - L 5 5 ' % M % ( 9y no<1 Hol)e and I are *re""y <ell ac0ua#n"ed <#"h B#r"ually eBery che *layer aboard% Today <e ca)e acro "he +ollo<#n! !a)e #n *ro!re L
2e kne< bo"h *layer o)e<ha"% 2hen <e a" do<n1 #" "ook 0u#"e a <h#le be+ore "he ne:" )oBe <a )ade% Sud6 denly Hol)e a#d1 K2ha" an #n"ere "#n! !a)e1 !en"le)en% I *erce#Be "here # a *ro)o"ed *#ece on "he board%K KHu#"e "rue1K re*l#ed 2h#"e1 Konly ho< on ear"h d#d you kno<GK KEle)en"ary1 Mr% 2#l on@really ele)en"ary1K a#d Hol)e 1 <ho "hen e:*la#ned "he olu"#on% The olu"#on # #ndeed ra"her ele)en"ary%
#,*
SHADES O. THE 'AST
3 A & - L 7 5 ' % M%( The e++ec" "ha" Hol)e I olu6"#on had on Mr% Rob#n on1 <ho <a *lay#n! 9lack1 <a ra"her alar)#n!% He ee)ed "o be #n a "a"e o+ hock% KAre you #llGK I #n0u#red% K2hy1 no1K re*l#ed Mr% Rob#n on1 K#"I Eu " "ha" "h# #n6 c#den" re)#nd )e o+ an e:"re)ely *a#n+ul e:*er#ence I once had%K K2ould you care "o "ell u abou" #"GK a ked Hol)e #n h# "y*#cally #n!ra"#a"#n! )anner% K2hy1 ye 1K re*l#ed Rob#n on% KI" <a abou" "hree year a!o1 aboard a l#ner )uch l#ke "h# one% There <a one *ar"#c6 ular *a en!er aboard <ho arre "ed )y a""en"#on +ro) "he "ar"% I neBer !o" "o kno< h# na)eM he <a e:"re)ely aloo+1 con #der#n! "he !enerally #n+or)al a")o *here o+ "he cru# e% He had one con "an" co)*an#on <#"h <ho) he ca)e aboardM "he "<o ke*" al)o " e:clu #Bely "o "he) elBe %K K2ha" <a "here abou" "he *a en!er <h#ch o arre "ed your a""en"#onGK Hol)e #n0u#red% KI" <a a re)arkable co)b#na"#on o+ charac"er# "#c % I could no" hel* bu" oBerhear )any conBer a"#on be"<een "he "<o% The *a en!er #n 0ue "#on d# cour ed )o " learn6 edly on )a"he)a"#c 1 a "rono)y1 *h#lo o*hy1 and la<@6I <ould Eud!e "ha" he <a a *ro+e or% 9u" "here <a a cer"a#n #nde+#nable 0ual#"y abou" h#)1 a 0ual#"y I can only de cr#be a I #n# "er%I I" <a a 0ual#"y I sensed ra"her "han kne<1 bu" I en ed #" "o "he de*"h o+ )y be#n!% He had a Bery +ur"#Be )anner1 and ee)ed "o eye <#"h u *#c#on Eu " abou" eBery6
MAY
#,&
SHADES O. THE 'AST
one around h#)% Indeed1 #+ I <ere "o Eud!e by h# )anner ra"her "han h# conBer a"#on1 I <ould haBe "aken h#) +or a cr#)#nal ra"her "han a *ro+e or%K K'erha* he <a bo"h1K a#d Hol)e % KCan you !#Be )e a *hy #cal de cr#*"#on o+ h#)GK KOh1 ye 1K re*l#ed Rob#n on1 KI re)e)ber h#) )o " B#B6 #dlyJ I <ould de cr#be h#) a e:"re)ely "all and "h#n <#"h dee*ly unken eye % He <a clean6 haBen1 *ale and a ce"#c6 look#n!% There <a o)e"h#n! re*"#l#an abou" h#)@*ar"#cu6 larly abou" "he "ran!e <ay h# *ro"rud#n! +ace lo<ly o c#l6 la"ed +ro) #de "o #de%K KA )o " #n!ular de cr#*"#on1K a#d Hol)e 1 ca "#n! )e a )ean#n!+ul !lance% KAnd no<1 ho< d#d )y analy # o+ "h# che !a)e re)#nd you o+ "h# #nd#B#dualGK K2hy1 #" <a "he #"ua"#on1K re*l#ed Rob#n on% KI <a *lay#n! a !a)e o+ che <#"h a +ello< *a en!er% A" abou" "he )#ddle o+ "he !a)e1 "he "<o "rolled by and "o**ed "o <a"ch% They d#d no" #" do<n #n a +r#endly +a h#on1 a d#d you and Dr% 2a" onM "hey Eu " "ood a" a ra"her re *ec"+ul d# "ance and <a"ched% A" one *o#n" "he *a en!er #n 0ue 6 "#on a#d1 no" "o )e or "he o"her *layer1 bu" "o h# co)*an6 #on1 ICur#ou !a)eM one o+ "he *#ece on "he board # *ro)o"ed%I Al"hou!h he a#d "h# ra"her o+"ly1 and #n al6 )o " a con *#ra"or#al "one1 I could no" hel* bu" oBerhear "he re)ark% IDo you ha**en "o kno< <he"her #" # 9lack or 2h#"eGI I a ked h#)% He looked a" )e <#"h an #cy "are and re*l#ed1 II <a no" addre #n! you1 #r1I u*on <h#ch he and h# co)*an#on bru 0uely <alked a<ay% Th# <a abou" "he la " I a< o+ "he)M "he +e< "#)e <e a< "he) a" a d# "ance1 "hey a**eared del#bera"ely "o aBo#d u %K KAn #n"ere "#n! e*# ode #ndeed1K a#d Hol)e 1 Kalbe#" an un*lea an" one% 9u"1 Mr% Rob#n on1 I a) "#ll a" a lo "o under "and <hy "h# )e)ory hould be that *a#n+ul "o you%K K2ell1 Mr% Hol)e 1 I haBe no" "old you "he <hole "ory1K re*l#ed Rob#n on% KII) a b#" he #"an" "o *eak o+ "he re "%K
107
SHADES O. THE 'AST
KII) ure I haBe no de #re "o #n"rude #n"o your *r#Ba"e a+6 +a#r 1K a#d Hol)e 1 r# #n!% KOh1 Mr% Hol)e 1 *lea e be ea"ed1K *leaded Rob#n on% KI"I no" "ha" "he a++a#r # .rivate< #"I Eu " "ha"@<ell1 0u#"e +rankly1 #"I Eu " "ha" I +eel a b#" +ool# hJK Hol)e a" do<n a!a#n <#"h an #n"ere "ed and !enu#nely y)*a"he"#c e:*re #on% KYou ee1K con"#nued Rob#n on1 Ko"her eBen" occurred on "h# h#*1 eBen" <h#ch I could no" bu" en e )#!h" be rela"ed "o "h# *a en!er1 bu" I had no" "he l#!h"e " hred o+ obEec"#Be eB#denceJ Ju " a Ba!ue1 "hou!h e:"re)ely "ron!1 +eel#n!% 'erha* I a) #)*ly u+6 +er#n! +ro) an oBer6l#Bely #)a!#na"#onJK KJu " <ha" <ere "he e eBen" GK a ked Hol)e +#r)ly% K2ell1 Mr% Hol)e 1 "<o *a en!er d#ed aboard h#* under Bery )y "er#ou and u *#c#ou c#rcu) "ance % .oul *lay <a u *ec"ed1 and "here <a a *ol#ce #nBe "#!a"#on% Ho<eBer1 no really conclu #Be eB#dence "urned u*1 and "he ca e <a oon dro**ed% And no<1 Mr% Hol)e 1 you )ay <ell )#le and accu e )e o+ be#n! #lly1 bu" I "ell you I "#ll canno" hel* bu" connec" "he e dea"h <#"h "he *re ence o+ "h# )y "er#ou *a en!er%K KI *re u)e you are re+err#n! "o "he dea"h o+ a Dr% and Mr % E"han Ru ellGK a#d Hol)e % K,ood ,od1 you kno< all abou" "he )a""erJK e:cla#)ed Rob#n on1 al)o " Eu)*#n! ou" o+ h# ea"% KNo" all abou" "he )a""er1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KI d#d kno< something abou" #"1 "hou!h le "han I do no<% I a) a cr#)#6 nal #nBe "#!a"or1 Mr% Rob#n on1 and #" # )y bu #ne "o kno< abou" "he e "h#n! % KI heard abou" "h# a++a#r hor"ly a+"er #" ha**ened1K con6 "#nued Hol)e % KI +or)ed )y o<n "heory a" "he "#)e1 and eBery"h#n! you haBe "old )e ha only "ended "o con+#r) #"% 9u" "here are "#ll one or "<o *o#n" I hould l#ke "o clear u*% You <ouldnI" by any chance haBe any recollec"#on or record o+ "he che *o #"#on a" "he "#)e <hen "h# *a en!er@le" u call h#) Mr% M%@ ur*r# ed you by "ell#n! h# co)*an#on "ha" "here <a a *ro)o"ed *#ece on "he boardGK
#,)
SHADES O. THE 'AST
K2hy1 ye 1 #ndeed1K re*l#ed Rob#n on1 reach#n! +or h# <alle"% KMy co)*an#on and I1 a+"er +#r " co))en"#n! on "he *a#rI #ncred#ble rudene 1 <ere <onder#n! ho< on ear"h "h# Mr% M% could kno< abou" "he *ro)o"#on% 2e *en" clo e "o an hour "ry#n! "o +#!ure ou" "h# )y "ery1 bu" !o" no<here% 2e "hen each )ade a d#a!ra) o+ "he *o #"#on ob"a#n#n! a" "he "#)e Mr% M% a**roached "he !a)e% I haBe ke*" "h# d#a6 !ra) <#"h )e eBer #nce1 and haBe eBeral "#)e "ud#ed #" ane<1 bu" haBe no" ye" been able "o olBe #"% 'erha* you can1 Mr% Hol)e GK he a#d1 and he ho<ed u "he +ollo<#n! d#a!ra)L
Hol)e "ud#ed "he *o #"#on +or o)e "#)e1 and hook h# head% KI donI" bel#eBe #" can be deduced +ro) "h# *o #"#on "ha" "here # a *ro)o"ed *#ece no< on "he board1K a#d Hol)e 1 Kal"hou!h #" # "r#B#al "o ee "ha" a *ro)o"#on )u " haBe "aken *lace% 9u" <hy doe "he *ro)o"ed *#ece haBe "o be on "he board now-6 *u//led Hol)e % KII) ure I can re6 con "ruc" "he *o #"#on #n a )anner #n <h#ch "h# # no" o%K Hol)e "ud#ed "he *o #"#on a b#" +ur"her% He "hen a#d1 KAre you absol5tely ure1 Mr% Rob#n on1 "ha" Mr% M% d#d no" ee any )oBe o+ "h# !a)eGK
109
SHADES O. THE 'AST
KOnly "he la " one1 <h#ch ha**ened Eu " a+"er he ca)e u*1K re*l#ed Rob#n on1 K"hou!h I donI" ee ho< "ha" could hel*%K KAnd <ha" <a "he la " )oBeGK a ked Hol)e ea!erly% KI ca "led1K re*l#ed Rob#n on% KI <a *lay#n! 2h#"e1 you kno<%K KOhJK a#d Hol)e 1 K"ha" *u" an en"#rely d#++eren" co)6 *le:#on on "he <hole #"ua"#onJ So no<1 !#Ben "ha" 2h#"e ha Eu " ca "led1 I "h#nk I d#)ly ee a *o #b#l#"y o+ *roB#n! "ha" "here )u " be a *ro)o"ed *#ece on "he board% S"#ll1 "he *roble) # non"r#B#al1 and I <#ll need )ore "#)e "o check #"% 2ould you haBe any obEec"#on "o )y )ak#n! a co*y o+ "h# *o #"#on +or )y +#le GK KNo" a" all1K re*l#ed Rob#n on% Hol)e d#d "h# 1 and "hen a#d1 KAnd no<1 Mr% Rob#n6 on1 I haBe a 0ue "#on o+ *ar"#cular #)*or"anceL Ho< lon! <ould you e "#)a"e "ha" #" "ook be"<een "he "#)e you ca 6 "led and "he )o)en" <hen Mr% M% "old h# co)*an#on abou" "he *ro)o"ed *#ece on "he boardGK KNo" lon!1 Mr% Hol)e M I <ould ay abou" "hree )#n6 u"e @cer"a#nly no" )ore "han +our%K KThank you1 Mr% Rob#n on1 "h# #n+or)a"#on )ay *roBe )o " hel*+ul% And no< #+ you !en"le)en <#ll e:cu e )e1 I hould l#ke "o re"#re a b#" and <ork on "h# *roble)%K Hol)e <alked o++1 and re"urned "o u abou" a hal+6hour la"er% KMr% Rob#n on1K he a#d1 KI hardly "h#nk you need <orry abou" u++er#n! +ro) an oBerly ac"#Be #)a!#na"#on% Your #n"u#"#on <a ab olu"ely correc"J The )y "er#ou *a 6 en!er o+ your #n!ular e:*er#ence ha**ened "o be one o+ "he !rea"e " cr#)#nal )a "er)#nd o+ "he cen"ury% He al o1 #nc#6 den"ally1 ha**ened "o be a *ro+e or%K
KHol)e 1K I a ked o)e"#)e la"er "ha" a+"ernoon <hen <e <ere alone1 Kho< <ere you o ure #" <a Mor#ar"yG O+ cour e1 Rob#n onI de cr#*"#on +#""ed h#) *er+ec"ly1 bu" <a "here any"h#n! el eGK
110
SHADES O. THE 'AST
KYe 1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KI <a *ar"#cularly an:#ou "o !e" "he e:ac" che *o #"#on +or "<o rea on % In "he +#r " *lace1 I <an"ed "o kno< Eu " ho< d#++#cul" "h# *roble) <a % 2ell1 2a" on1 I a) cer"a#nly no noB#ce a" re"ro!rade analy # 1 bu" #" "ook )e oBer "<en"y )#nu"e "o olBe #"% And here1 "h# *a en!er olBed #" #n "hree or +our )#nu"e J I can "h#nk o+ no one #n "he <orld <ho can "h#nk "ha" +a " o"her "han e#"her Mor#ar"y or )y bro"her1 Mycro+"% And1 a #de +ro) "he +ac" "ha" Mycro+" neBer "ake "r#* 1 Rob#n onI de cr#*"#on <ould hardly +#" )y bro"her1K added Hol)e <#"h a lau!h% KSecondly1 2a" on1 I <a Bery cur#ou "o a cer"a#n Eu " <hy "h# *a en!er ac"ed o *eeB# hly <hen Rob#n on a ked h#) <he"her he kne< <he"her "he *ro)o"ed *#ece on "he board <a 2h#"e or 9lack% No<1 de *#"e Mor#ar"yI br#ll#an" bra#n1 he had "he e)o"#onal )a"ur#"y o+ a *e"ulan" ch#ldJ He ab olu"ely could no" "and cr#"#c# )1 and <ould !e" #n"o a cold +ury <heneBer a ked a 0ue "#on "o <h#ch he d#d no" kno< "he an <er% II) ure had he kno<n "he an <er1 he <ould no" haBe behaBed o rudely1 bu" <ould only "oo read6 #ly haBe +laun"ed #"% No<1 <hy d#d he not kno< <he"her "he *ro)o"ed *#ece <a 9lack or 2h#"eG 2a #" *o #ble "ha" "he )a""er <a #nde"er)#na"eG 2ell1 #" "urn ou" "ha" "h# che *roble) ha "he re)arkable +ea"ure "ha" al"hou!h one can *roBe "ha" "here # a *ro)o"ed *#ece on "he board1 #" # #)*o #ble "o deduce <h#ch colorJ Th# # "he only *roble) o+ "h# "y*e I haBe eBer een% So "ha"I <hy Mor#ar"y d#dnI" kno<M he #)*ly couldnI" haBeJ KThe e +ac" 1 "o!e"her <#"h Rob#n onI ra"her re)arkable de cr#*"#on1 e "abl# h beyond any rea onable doub" "ha" #" <a Mor#ar"y <ho <a aboard "ha" +a"e+ul Boya!e% The only "h#n! abou" "h# en"#re a++a#r abou" <h#ch I a) "#ll #n "he dark # "he motive +or "h# )urder% 2ha" connec"#on could "here be be"<een Mor#ar"y and "he Ru ell G KAnd no<1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 Kdo le" )e ho< you "he Bery beau"#+ul olu"#on "o "h# #n!ular che *roble)%K
111
MAY 3A & 3 3 L 3 ; '%M%( 2e are no< #n "he )#d " o+ a B#olen" "or) <h#ch ca)e u* 0u#"e uddenly abou" =L-5 '%M% E#"her "h# l#ner # re)arkably "able1 or "here # ur6 *r# #n!ly l#""le "urbulence1 con #der#n! "he B#olence o+ "he ra#n and "he )a!n#"ude o+ "he "hunder and l#!h"n#n!% Tho e o+ you <ho haBe eBer e:*er#enced a "or) on "he h#!h ea kno< <ha" a dra)a"#c and *ec"acular eBen" #" can beJ Mo " o+ "he *a en!er haBe lon! #nce re"#red% Hol)e and I "urned #n abou" CL-51 bu" ne#"her o+ u could lee*% I" <a *ar"ly "he "or)1 and *erha* eBen )ore "he )e)ory o+ "h# dayI eBen" 1 <h#ch hun! heaB#ly on bo"h our )#nd % A+"er a re "le a""e)*" a" lu)ber1 <e bo"h !o" u*1 l#" our la)* 1 and con"#nued d# cu #n! <ha" had "aken *lace% So)eho<1 "he "or) erBed a a )o " +#""#n! back!round +or our conBer a"#on% KThe <or " o+ #"1 2a" on1 # "ha" I had some eB#dence "ha" Mor#ar"y <a abou" "o "ake "ha" *a a!e% Had I been *re en"1 "h# "ra!edy )#!h" <ell haBe been aBer"ed% 9u" Mor#ar"y cleBerly decoyed )e by "a!#n! a !la)orou and *ec"acular cr#)e "o coBer h# de*ar"ure%K K2a nI" "h# abou" "he "#)e o+ "he a""e)*"ed Cro<n6 Ee<el robberyGK I recalled1 "ra#n#n! )y )e)ory% KE:ac"ly1 2a" onJ I aBed "he Cro<n Ee<el 1 bu" a" "he co " o+ "<o hu)an l#Be J I only <# h #" had been "he o"her <ay roundJK 2e bo"h a" #len"ly and o)e<ha" !loo)#ly +or o)e "#)e1 Hol)e *u++#n! a<ay <#"h )ore "han u ual ener!y a" h# *#*e% KYou kno<1 Hol)e 1K I a#d a" la "1 K"h# # "he ec6
##%
ond "#)e "ha" Mor#ar"y ha co)e u* #n connec"#on <#"h re"6 ro!rade analy # % You recall ho< ur*r# ed I <a "he +#r " "#)e@"he "#)e you ho<ed )e "ha" )onochro)a"#c *rob6 le) <h#ch you a oc#a"ed <#"h "he "ory o+ "he l#on and "he bear% I had no #dea "ha" re"ro!rade analy # <a a)on! " Mor#ar"yI )any "alen" %K KOh1 ye 1 #ndeed1 2a" on1 Mor#ar"y <a one o+ "he !rea"6 e " re"ro!rade analy " "he <orld ha kno<n% Indeed1 I re6 !ard h# re earch on "h# ubEec" a o+ eBen h#!her #!n#+#cance "han h# be""er6kno<n <ork #n )a"he)a"#c % I haBe collec"ed a do/en or o o+ h# *roble) <h#ch I haBe #n )y +#le % 2hen <e !e" back ho)e1 2a" on1 do re)#nd )e "o ho< "he) "o you% KIn add#"#on1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 Kon "<o e*ara"e occa6 #on #n )y encoun"er <#"h h#)1 I rece#Bed +ro) h#) a "hrea" by )a#l@each #n "he +or) o+ a che *roble)%K KHo< #n!ularJK I e:cla#)ed% KYe 1 2a" on1 I "h#nk you )#!h" <ell *ubl# h "he e #n your +u"ure chron#cle % KThe +#r " "hrea" <a #n "he +or) o+ "he +ollo<#n! d#a!ra)L
KUnder #" <a "he )e a!eL
HOLMES1 YOU ARE 'RO8OKIN, ME 9EYOND ENDUR6 ANCEJ UNLESS YOU DESIST@AND I MEAN IMMEDI6 ATELYJ@I 2ILL MATE YOU AS HUICKLY AS 2HITE CAN MATE 9LACK% AND IT IS MY MO8E1 HOLMES% REMEM9ER THATJ
K2ell1 2a" on1 "he #))ed#a"e 0ue "#on I had "o olBe <a "h# L In ho< )any )oBe can 2h#"e )a"e 9lackG The olu"#on n#cely co)b#ne re"ro!rade analy # <#"h "he )ore u ual +or<ard *lay%K
A+"er Hol)e ho<ed )e "he olu"#on o+ "h# *roble)1 he con"#nued1 KAc"ually1 2a" on1 +ro) a *urely *rac"#cal *o#n" o+ B#e<1 "h# "hrea" a)oun"ed "o nau!h"% Thou!h a loBely *#ece o+ che braBado1 I "h#nk he en" #" )ore "o unnerBe )e "han any"h#n! el e% The econd "hrea"1 ho<eBer1 <a +ar )ore er#ou 1 and1 cur#ou ly1 a #" "urned ou"1 aBed )y l#+e%K KSaBed your l#+eGK I a ked #n a "on# h)en"% KYe 1 2a" on% Th# ha**ened a" a *er#od <hen Mor#ar"y had me on "he runJ .or "<o u""erly e:hau "#n! <eek 1 I had been dod!#n! one a""e)*" on )y l#+e a+"er ano"her% My )e"hod <a "o d# a**ear l#ke an #nB# #ble *han"o) +ro) one *o" o+ London "o ano"her% Th# "ook al)o " all )y <#" and all )y ener!yJ Needle "o ay1 I d#d no" *end one n#!h" a" ho)e dur#n! "h# harro<#n! *er#odM I "ayed each n#!h" a" "he hou e o+ a d#++eren" con+#dan"% 2ell1 one )orn#n! 3 +ound a" "he e "abl# h)en" <here I <a "ay#n! a le""er ad6 dre ed "o me7 I,ood ,od1I I "hou!h"1 I#+ "h# # +ro) Mor#ar"y1 "hen he )u " haBe kno<n I *en" "he n#!h" here@ o <hy ha no a""e)*" been )ade on )y l#+eGI 2#"h +eBer# h ha "e1 I "ore o*en "he enBelo*e1 and ure enou!h1 "he )e a!e was +ro) Mor#ar"y% There <a "he +ollo<#n! d#a!ra)L
##'
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YOU CERTAINLY HA8E A REMARKA9LE CA'ACITY .OR MAKIN, YOURSEL. IN8ISI9LE1 HOLMES% NE8ERTHELESS1 I CAN MATE YOU IN ONE MO8EJ
Hol)e handed )e "he d#a!ra)1 <h#ch I be!an "o "udy% K2hy1 Hol)e 1K I cr#ed1 K"here # no 2h#"e k#n! ho<n on "he boardJK KO+ cour e no"1 2a" on1 "ha" # "he <hole *o#n"J A Mor#ar"y k#ndly #n+or)ed )e1 "he 2h#"e k#n! # invisible16 KThe 2h#"e k#n!GK I a ked1 <#"hou" ye" co)*rehend#n! "he "rue na"ure o+ "he #"ua"#on% KOh1 2a" on1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 K<hy are you o l#"eral6 )#ndedG ObB#ou ly #n "h# *o #"#on1 Mor#ar"y #den"#+#ed h#) el+ <#"h "he 9lack +orce 1 and )e <#"h "he 2h#"e% So here I a) "he 2h#"e k#n!1 <ho1 "hou!h #nB# #ble1 can be )a"ed #n one )oBe%K KHo< d#d you deduce "ha"GK I a ked% KReally no<1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 )ore hear"#ly "han eBer1
##*
Kyou are o)e"#)e "oo )uchJ One need hardly ded5ce "h# 1 )y boyM "h# *ar" # #n"u#"#Bely a el+6eB#den" a can be% KA" any ra"e1K he con"#nued1 K)y #))ed#a"e *roble) <a "o olBe "h# )y "ery a 0u#ckly a *o #ble% Could #" be de"er)#ned on <h#ch 0uare "he 2h#"e k#n! had "o "andG E:hau "ed a I <a 1 I "ra#ned eBery ounce o+ )y be#n! "o6 <ard !e""#n! "he olu"#on% Ye 1 #" "urned ou" "ha" by re"ro6 !rade analy # 1 "he k#n! could be on only one 0uare% And #ndeed "here <a "hen a )a"e #n oneJ KThen1 2a" on1 ou" o+ "he blue1 "he +ollo<#n! ch#ll#n! re6 al#/a"#on occurred "o )e@"he Bery real#/a"#on <h#ch1 a #" "urned ou"1 aBed )y l#+e% I+ you could *lace a !#an" #:"y6 +our6 0uare !r#d oBer "he <hole o+ London1 "hu enclo #n! London #n a hu!e che board1 <#"h "he nor"h #de re*re6 en"#n! 9lack1 "hen "he hou e a" <h#ch I *lanned "o *end "he co)#n! n#!h" l#e <ell <#"h#n "he Bery 0uare on <h#ch )u " "and "he 2h#"e k#n!J 2he"her "h# <a heer co#nc#6 dence1 or <he"her #" <a *ar" o+ Mor#ar"yI +#end# h de #!n1 # o)e"h#n! I a) no" ure o+ "o "h# day% A" any ra"e1 I cer6 "a#nly "ook no chance 1 and abru*"ly chan!ed )y *lan +or "he co)#n! eBen#n!% No<1 I haBe "o "ell you "ha" "he *lace I had *lanned "o "ay <a blo<n u* dur#n! "he +ollo<#n! n#!h"% .or"una"ely "here <ere no occu*an" % 9u"1 I )u " con+e 1 I +ound "he e:*er#ence unnerB#n!%K KIndeed1K I re*l#ed% KIn )any <ay 1 Hol)e 1 I +#nd "h# one o+ "he )o " cur#ou adBen"ure you haBe had% There # one "h#n!1 "hou!h1 <h#ch dread+ully *u//le )e% 2hy on ear"h d#d Mor#ar"y eBer end you "ha" le""erG I" ound "o )e )ore l#ke a hel*+ul <arn#n! "han a "hrea"JK KAh1 2a" on1 "ha" # one )y "ery ! haBe neBer olBedJ 3 can "h#nk o+ only +our *o #b#l#"#e % The +#r "@<h#ch "r#ke )e a "he lea " l#kely@# "ha" Mor#ar"y #)*ly underra"ed )y ab#l#"y "o olBe "he *roble)% 9u" I hardly "h#nk "h# doe Mor#ar"y Eu "#ce% The econd # "ha" Mor#ar"y1 "hou!h con+#6 den" "ha" I could olBe "he che *roble) #)*ly a a che *roble)1 had no rea on "o bel#eBe "ha" #" <ould eBer occur "o )e "o "h#nk o+ "he d#a!ra) a a crude )a* o+ London%
##&
Indeed1 a I "old you1 2a" on1 I haBe no #dea ho< "ha" "hou!h" did occur "o )e% The "h#rd *o #b#l#"y1 o+ cour e1 # "ha" "he corre *ondence o+ "he cruc#al che 0uare "o "he re!#on o+ London #n <h#ch I had *lanned "o "ay <a no"h6 #n! )ore "han a re)arkable co#nc#dence% Ho<eBer1 none o+ "he e "hree *o #b#l#"#e can eBen re)o"ely e:*la#n <hy I had no" been done a<ay <#"h on "he .revio5s n#!h"J No<1 "he +our"h *o #b#l#"y1 "hou!h e:ceed#n!ly b#/arre1 # "he only one I can "h#nk o+ <h#ch <ould e:*la#n "ha" a <ell1 and hence # "he only one I can "ake er#ou ly% KYou kno<1 2a" on1 "ha" de *#"e Mor#ar"yI rare br#l6 l#ance1 I "h#nk "ha" he <a o)e<ha" * ycho"#c% 2#"h h# deran!ed )#nd1 # #" o ou" o+ "he 0ue "#on "ha" he <a haB6 #n! o )uch +un *lay#n! ca"6and6)ou e <#"h )e and ee#n! )e o *a#n+ully on "he run1 "ha" he )erely <an"ed "o *ro6 lon! "he a!onyG To add credence "o "h# hy*o"he # 1 "h# <hole )a""er occurred ra"her early #n our encoun"er @a "#)e no" "oo lon! a+"er our *a"h had +#r " cro ed% I had no" ye" ob "ruc"ed h#) #n any o+ h# really ma?or *roEec" % Could #" no" be "ha" he <an"ed "o *lay "he !a)e <#"h )e a l#""le lon!er@un"#l uch "#)e a I <a l#kely "o beco)e a really e6 r#ou "hrea"GK
117
A DIS'LACED 9ISHO'
MAY 3C% The "or) aba"ed a" abou" 4L-5 A%M% a ud6 denly a #" a**eared% Today # a beau"#+ul a day a <e haBe had% 2e <ere on deck ra"her early "h# )orn#n!% 2e ca)e acro Rob#n on and h# co)*an#on #n "he )#d " o+ ano"her !a)e o+ che % He a**eared #n +ar be""er *#r#" "han on "he *reB#ou day%
A 2h#"e b# ho* "ood be"<een a- and a?% A <e "ood <a"ch#n!1 bo"h #de ucce #Bely ca "led% Hol)e "hen cor6 rec"ly adEu "ed "he b# ho*% KI donI" "h#nk any"h#n! you could do <ould ur*r# e )e
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A DIS'LACED 9ISHO'
no<1K lau!hed Rob#n on% KS"#ll1 I <ould be cur#ou "o kno< ho< you kne<% Ho< d#d youGK The olu"#on # +a#rly ea y%
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A REMARKA9LE MONOCHROMATIC
MAY 77 % Today <e ca)e acro Lord A hley and h# <#+e a" a !a)e o+ che % Lady A hley # a !rea" che en"hu #6 a "1 and her k#ll # a" lea " e0ual "o "ha" o+ her hu band% KAh1 !ood )orn#n!1 Hol)e 1K a#d Lord A hley a" our a**roach% K2e are #n "he )#d " o+ a )o " unu ual !a)e% No *#ece ha )oBed +ro) a <h#"e 0uare "o a black 0uare nor +ro) a black 0uare "o a <h#"e 0uare%K KAh1 a )onochro)a"#c !a)e1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KI "ha" <ha" you call #"G 2ell1 "h# # "he only "y*e o+ !a)e Lady A hley and I eBer *lay% 9u" "h# *ar"#cular !a)e1 0u#"e a #de +ro) be#n! )onochro)a"#c1 ha been h#!hly unu ual%K
Hol)e "ud#ed "he *o #"#on% K2ho e )oBe # #"GK he #n0u#red% KI" # )#ne1K re*l#ed Lord A hley1 <ho <a *lay#n! 2h#"e% KThen #" # #ndeed a re)arkable !a)e1K re*l#ed Hol)e % K.or one "h#n!1 I *erce#Be a *ro)o"#on ha been )ade% .or ano"her1 a *a<n ha been ca*"ured en .assant16 KA "ound#n!JK a#d Lady A hley% I "oo <a a "ounded un"#l Hol)e e:*la#ned "he olu"#on% And eBen a+"er hear#n! "he olu"#on1 I a) "#ll a "ounded%
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LADY ASHLEYIS 'RO9LEM
77 @some min5tes later0 My <#+e1 Ellen1 ha co)*o ed o)e char)#n! )onochro)a"#c *roble) o+ her o<n1K a#d Lord A hley1 <#"h !enu#ne *r#de% K'lea e le" )e ho< you one%K He rearran!ed "he boardL
MAY
KIn "h# !a)e no *#ece ha )oBed +ro) a 0uare o+ one color "o a 0uare o+ ano"her% Al o1 "he 2h#"e k#n! ha )oBed bu" "<#ce% The 0ue "#on # L Ha "he 0uare hA been reoccu*#edGK
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A LITTLE MYSTI.ICATION
MAY 7 - % Our la " che adBen"ure aboard1 "hou!h no" dra)a"#c1 <a a *lea an" one% Shor"ly be+ore d# e)bark#n!1 Hol)e and I <ere <alk#n! <#"h Lord and Lady A hley% 2e ca)e acro "he +ollo<#n! abandoned *o #"#onL
KAny cleBer "h#n! you can deduce abou" this !a)e1 Mr% Hol)e GK a ked Lady A hley #n her char)#n!ly )# ch#eBou +a h#on% KOnly "ha" you and Lord A hley <ere no" "he *layer 1K Hol)e cleBerly re*l#ed% Ho< d#d Hol)e kno< "h# G I can a ure "he reader "ha" I haBe no" <#"hheld any clue %
#%$
ON MARSTONIS ISLAND
JUNE 3 ; % To)orro< <e a#l +or ho)e% Th# # our la " day on Mar "onI I land1 and 0u#"e a "#)e #" ha beenJ 2hen <e arr#Bed1 "he ole #nhab#"an" <ere Colonel Mar6 "onM h# bro"her1 Ed<ard1 <ho had co)e *ec#ally +or "he occa #onM and "he ColonelI recen"ly h#red na"#Be erBan"1 Jal% 2e <ere all e:"re)ely ea!er "o !e" on <#"h "he adBen6 "ure and lo " no "#)e #n e""l#n! our elBe u* "a#r #n "he old Ca*"a#nI l#brary% Th# l#brary1 nu)ber#n! abou" e#!h" "hou6 and Bolu)e 1 occu*#e "he en"#re econd "orey% In one cor6 ner <a a o+a1 <here "he old +ello< <a re*u"ed "o haBe o+"en le*" a+"er <ork#n! la"e #n"o "he n#!h"% 9y "he hu!e <e " <#ndo< "ood "he Ca*"a#nI de k@a +our6by6"en6+oo" lab o+ oak re "#n! on "<o old cab#ne" % The en"#re roo) re*6 re en"ed "he cur#ou and #n"r#!u#n! co)b#na"#on o+ "a "e o+ one <ho <a bo"h a cholar and a ea+ar#n! )an% All "he <all are l#ned <#"h book helBe 1 and "he re " o+ "he *ace # clu""ered <#"h )a* 1 char" 1 *er onal )anu cr#*" 1 bra "el6 e co*e 1 chrono)e"er 1 and Bar#ou nau"#cal and urBey#n! #n "ru)en" % Colonel Mar "on ho<ed Hol)e "he )a*%P KCan you )ake head or "a#l o+ #"GK a ked Mar "on% KNo" o++hand1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KTh# 1 II) a+ra#d1 <#ll re0u#re luck a <ell a "udy% KAnd no<1K he <en" on1 KI <ould l#ke "o clo# "er )y el+ #n "h# l#brary +or a +e< day % I <ould eBen l#ke "o lee* on "h# o+a1 #+ I )ay% I <#ll need con "an" acce "o "he e book 1
P The reader # re+erred "o "he ne:" +ac#n! *a!e %@J%2%
ON MARSTONIS ISLAND
and be #de 1 I +#nd "h# a")o *here )o " #n *#r#n! and con6 duc#Be "o "hou!h"%K 2e a< B#r"ually no"h#n! o+ Hol)e +or "he ne:" +our day % He )#!h" <ell no" haBe eBen ea"en had no" Mar "on had Jal br#n! h#) h# )eal % Then1 on "he )orn#n! o+ "he +#+"h day1 Hol)e ca)e do<n <#"h a "r#u)*han" a#r a <e <ere a" break+a "% KI bel#eBe I haBe olBed "he "heore"#cal a *ec" o+ "he )a""er1 !en"le)en% 2ha" # no< called +or # o)e h#!hly accura"e urBey#n!%K K'er+ec"1K cr#ed Colonel Mar "on% KSurBey#n! <a )y )a#n occu*a"#on #n "he ar)y1 you kno<1 and )y !rea"6 !rand+a"herI #n "ru)en" 1 "hou!h 0ua#n"ly old6+a h#oned1 are a accura"e a any I haBe een%K 2e *en" "he ne:" "<o day urBey#n! "he # land% To6 <ard n#!h"+all1 Hol)e had )a**ed ou" a *o" abou" +or"y +ee" 0uare on "he ou"h<e " corner o+ "he # land% KTo)or6 ro< )orn#n! <#ll "ell1K he a#d% KI+ )y calcula"#on are cor6 rec"1 "he "rea ure hould be +ound <#"h#n "h# 0uare%K Ne:" )orn#n! a" unr# e +ound "he +#Be o+ u <#"h *#ck6 a:e 1 *ade 1 and hoBel % 2e "ar"ed #n "he dead cen"er o+ "he +or"y6+oo" 0uare% I" d#d no" "ake lon! be+ore JalI *ade "ruck a che "% Ten )#nu"e )ore and <e had #" unear"hed% The bo: <a abou" "hree +ee" lon!1 "<o and a hal+ +ee" broad1 and "<o +ee" dee*% I" <a bound by #ron band % I "h#nk #" "ook u lon!er "o break o*en "he band "han "o un6 ear"h "he bo:@a" lea " #" ee)ed o #n our "a"e o+ e:c#"e6 )en"J 9u" <hen <e +#nally *ran! "he "o* o*en1 lo and behold1 "he che " <a e)*"y e:ce*" +or one !old co#n and a *#ece o+ *arch)en" on <h#ch <a <r#""en "he )e a!eL
I KNE2 YOUID ,ET HERE SOONER OR LATER1 HOLMES1 9UT ARENIT YOU A TRI.LE LATEGG
M%
KLa"e by a" lea " "hree year 1K a#d Hol)e
adly%
ON MARSTONIS ISLAND
#%&
ON MARSTONIS ISLAND
Ne:" )orn#n!1 <hen Hol)e ca)e do<n "o break+a "1 he )e" "hree ra"her d# con ola"e a oc#a"e % K2hy o ad1 !en6 "le)enGK he a ked #n a Bo#ce <h#ch <a ur*r# #n!ly cheer6 +ul1 con #der#n! "he obB#ou d# a**o#n")en" o+ "he e*# ode% KOh1K a#d Colonel Mar "on1 Kall our labor +or nau!h"J To "h#nk "ha" all # lo "JK KNo" nece ar#ly all36 re*l#ed Hol)e 1 )ore cheer+ully "han eBer% KIId ay )ore l#kely half # lo "%K K2ha" are you ay#n!GK cr#ed Ed<ard #n a "on# h)en"% K2ell1 !en"le)en1 I haBe Eu " )ade a ne< d# coBery <h#ch lead )e "o bel#eBe "ha" "he Ca*"a#n d#B#ded h# "rea6
#%+
ON MARSTONIS ISLAND
ure and bur#ed #" #n two che " % I+ )y calcula"#on are cor6 rec"1 "he o"her one hould be o)e<here on "he beach on "he nor"h *ar" o+ "he ea " #de o+ "he # land@no" "oo +ar +ro) "h# hou e1 and ur*r# #n!ly clo e "o "he <a"er% O+ cour e1 <e )ay a!a#n haBe been bea"en "o "he *unch1 <e can only "ry% So1 #+ I )ay +#r " !e" a b#"e o+ break+a "1 o)e )ore urBey#n! and e:caBa"#n! l#e ahead%K Ano"her day6and6a6hal+ o+ urBey#n! brou!h" u "o "he *o"% 2e had "o d#! )ore dee*ly "han be+ore1 "hou!h "he <ork <en" )uch +a "er1 #nce <e <ere d#!!#n! #n al)o "6 *ure and% 2e unear"hed a econd che "1 and <hen <e +#6 nally !o" #" o*en1 <e +ound "o our rel#e+ "ha" "h# "#)e <e had not been bea"en "o "he *unch% There be+ore our eye lay o)e hundred "hou and *ound I <or"h o+ !old and Ee<el %
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
Three day la"er1 a+"er "he !rea" e:c#"e)en" had d#ed do<n and a+"er all "he "rea ure had been "ran *or"ed "o "he hou e1 or"ed1 and +a#rly <ell eBalua"ed1 "he +our o+ u <ere rela:#n! co)+or"ably #n "he u* "a#r l#brary% KAnd no<1K a#d Colonel Mar "on1 K"ell u 1 ho< d#d you do #"1 Hol)e G Ho< d#d you dec#*her "he )e a!e1 and ho< d#d "he che d#a!ra) loca"e "he "rea ureGK K2ell1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Ka "o "he c#*her1 #" <a 1 "r#c"ly *eak#n!1 a code ra"her "han a c#*her% 2#"h #n!enu#"y1 a c#6 *her can be dec#*hered <#"hou" any keyM a code canno"% A code can be under "ood by "he rece#Ber only #+ he ha "he code book1 or "he e0u#Balen"% In "h# ca e1 "he nu)ber on "he d#a!ra) are clearly a re+erence "o "he <ord o+ o)e book% I real#/ed a" once "ha" unle I could +#nd "he book1 "he "a k <ould be u""erly ho*ele @"ha" # <hy I "old you "ha" "h# <a !o#n! "o be Eu " a )uch a )a""er o+ luck a o+ k#ll% More *ec#+#cally1 #+ "he book #n 0ue "#on hould haBe "urned ou" no" "o be #n "h# l#brary1 I hould no" haBe had "he +o!!#e " no"#on o+ ho< "o +#nd #"%K KI "#ll donI" 0u#"e under "and ho< "he code <ork 1K a#d Colonel Mar "on% K2ell1 look1K a#d Hol)e % KLook a" "he nu)ber L I3-3@371 -1 4I@"ha" )ean "o "urn "o *a!e 3-3 and "hen ucce #Bely "he "<el+"h <ord1 "h#rd <ord1 #:"h <ord% Then 7=@;1 3?I@"urn "o *a!e 7= and "ake "he +#+"h and +our6 "een"h <ord % And o on% % % % KAc"ually1K he con"#nued1 K#" # )ore u ual "o "ake Eu " one *a!e +or "he <hole )e a!e% Th# u ually #nBolBe a
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
book <#"h lar!e1 +#nely *r#n"ed *a!e 1 l#ke )any ed#"#on o+ "he 9#ble1 <here "here are an enor)ou nu)ber o+ <ord "o a *a!e1 and hence "here <#ll *robably be all "he <ord on one *a!e "ha" one need %K KSo you "r#ed oBer e#!h" "hou and Bolu)e GK a ked Ed6 <ard #ncredulou ly% KHardly1 )y dear Mr% Mar "on1K lau!hed Hol)e 1 Kal6 "hou!h a" +#r " I <a a+ra#d "ha" "ha" !ruel#n! "a k )#!h" be nece ary% Ho<eBer1 I +#!ured "ha" "he book )#!h" <ell be a)on! "he old Ca*"a#nI +our hundred Bolu)e on che 1 #nce "h# ubEec" <a o clo e "o h# hear"% And be #de 1 I ho*ed "he o*en#n! le""er 1 A%K%1 )#!h" be "he #n#"#al o+ "he "#"le% .or"una"ely "h# ho*e <a real#/ed% Here # "he book%K The book <a en"#"led Arabian Anights3 by an un+a)#l#ar au"hor1 Nayllu) Dno)yar% I" <a an old and beau"#+ully bound hand<r#""en )anu cr#*"% KTh# book # a Ber#"able !old )#ne +or any re"ro!rade an6 aly "1K a#d Hol)e % KI" con"a#n o)e o+ "he +#ne " re"ro6 !rade *roble) I haBe eBer een1 all clo"hed #n del#!h"+ully <#""y "or#e ba ed on Arabian Nights charac"er % I" # a che +an"a y #n <h#ch "he *#ece "he) elBe are "he charac6 "er @ o)e"h#n! l#ke our o<n Le<# Carroll% KAny<ay1 once I had "he r#!h" book1 "he "ran la"#on o+ "he )e a!e <a #))ed#a"e% A you can de"er)#ne +or your6 elBe 1 "he )e a!e read "hu %K Hol)e la#d a hee" o+ *a*er be+ore u %
NO 2HITE 'A2N HAS 'ROMOTED% ON 2HAT SHUARE 2AS THE OTHER 2HITE 9ISHO' CA'TUREDG II 2HITE CAN CASTLE% ON 2HAT SHUARE 2AS THE 2HITE KIN,IS ROOK CA'TUREDG III 2HITE ,A8E 9LACK ODDS O. 9OTH KNI,HTS% NEI6 THER KIN, HAS MO8ED OR 9EEN IN CHECK% ON H4 LIES AN UNKNO2N% 2HERE 2AS IT T2O MO8ES A,OG I
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
2e all looked a" "he *o #"#on ane<% KI "#ll donI" under6 "and1K a#d Mar "on1 Kho< "he olu"#on o+ "he e *roble) loca"e "he "rea ure%K K2ell1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Keach o+ "he "hree *roble) #n6 BolBe loca"#n! a 0uare% So <e d#B#de "he # land #n"o #:"y6 +our 0uare 1 a +ollo< L
KThe +#r " *roble)1 <hen olBed1 loca"e "he 0uare #n <h#ch "he "rea ure # bur#ed% 2e "hen ubd#B#de "h# 0uare #n"o #:"y6+our )aller 0uare 1 and loca"e one o+ "he) B#a "he econd *roble)% Re*ea"#n! "h# *roce 1 u #n! "he "h#rd *roble)1 <e "hen ob"a#n a 0uare abou" +or"y +ee" on each #de1 #nce "he # land # a**ro:#)a"ely +our )#le 0uare% All "ha" re)a#ned <a "o olBe "he "hree che *roble) %K KAll "ha" re)a#ned@a )ere "r#+le +or you1 I u**o e1K a#d Ed<ard hu)orou ly% KAc"ually1 "hey <ere no" all "ha" d#++#cul"1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Kal"hou!h "he la " one had )e "u)*ed +or a <h#le% Con #der no< "he +#r " *roble)% I "ar"ed by ob erB6 #n! "ha" 2h#"e # #n check +ro) "he rook on aA% 2ha" <a 9lackI la " )oBeGK KObB#ou ly <#"h "he k#n! +ro) a= or a41K re*l#ed Colonel Mar "on% KI" couldnI" haBe been +ro) a=1K a#d Ed<ard Mar "on1
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
<ho al o kne< "he rule o+ che 1 Kbecau e "he 2h#"e rook on c= <ould haBe had no <ay "o check h#)%K KTha"I r#!h"1K a#d h# bro"her1 K o #" <a +ro) a4%K K,ood1K a#d Hol)e % KTh# )ean "ha" 9lack ha Eu " )oBed ou" o+ check +ro) "he b# ho* on +3% Ho< d#d 2h#"e ad)#n# "er "h# checkGK KI" could haBe been by a 2h#"e kn#!h" haB#n! )oBed +ro) c? "o b41 <here #" <a Eu " ca*"ured by "he 9lack k#n!1K I a#d1 re)e)ber#n! a l#""le e:erc# e Hol)e had ho<n )e o)e )on"h earl#er% KOr al"erna"#Bely1 a 2h#"e rook +ro) b; "o b4 could haBe !#Ben check1K a#d Ed<ard% K,ood "r#e 1 !en"le)en1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Kbu" "hey <#ll no" do% 9o"h "he )# #n! 2h#"e kn#!h" and 2h#"e rook <ere ca*"ured earl#er #n "he !a)e by "he *a<n on h; co)6 #n! +ro) +=% Th# )u " be o becau e "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) c7 could no" haBe ca*"ured enou!h *#ece "o !e" "o "he !6 +#le1 and <e are !#Ben "ha" #" d#dnI" *ro)o"e%K K2hy no" enou!h *#ece GK a ked Colonel Mar "on% KThe *a<n +ro) c7 had "o )ake only +our ca*"ure "o !e" "o !41 and 9lack # )# #n! +#Be *#ece %K KYou +or!e" "he *a<n on !;1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 K<h#ch )u " haBe ca*"ured "<o *#ece "o !e" +ro) e7% Th# <ould #nBolBe Eu " one ca*"ure "oo )any%K KI ee1K re*l#ed "he Colonel% KSo1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K"he 9lack k#n! d#d no" ca*"ure a rook or a kn#!h" on h# la " )oBe% Hence <ha" <a h# la " )oBe1 and <ha" <a 2h#"eI )oBe be+ore "ha"GK KThe *o #"#on ee) "o )e #)*o #bleJK I re*l#ed% KDonI" !#Be u* o ea #ly1K lau!hed Hol)e % KYou haBe +or!o""en1 2a" on1 "he old en .assant "r#ckJ The 9lack k#n! ha Eu " ca*"ured a 2h#"e *a<n on b4% 2h#"eI )oBe be+ore "ha" <a <#"h "h# *a<n co)#n! +ro) c; )ak#n! a ca*"ure en .assant o+ a 9lack *a<n on b;@"h# !aBe check +ro) "he 2h#"e b# ho*% 9lackI )oBe be+ore "ha" <a 1 o+ cour e1 "he *a<n +ro) b= "o b;1 and 2h#"eI )oBe Eu " be+ore "ha" <a
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
<#"h "he *a<n +ro) c? "o c;1 *u""#n! 9lack #n check +ro) "he b# ho*%K KCa*#"al1K a#d Ed<ard% KNo< "hen1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K"h# )ean "ha" "<o )oBe a!o "here <a a 9lack *a<n on b=% Hence "he 9lack b# ho* on += ha no" had "#)e "o e ca*e +ro) cA% Hence "h# b# ho* # a *ro)o"ed b# ho*%K KHo< unu ual1K cr#ed Ed<ard1 <ho1 "hou!h h#!hly #n"el6 l#!en"1 had no *reB#ou e:*er#ence <#"h re"ro!rade analy # % KNo" o unu ual #n re"ro!rade analy # 1 a 2a" on can no< <ell "e "#+y1K lau!hed Hol)e % KAny<ay1 "he *ro)o"6 #n! 9lack *a<n obB#ou ly ca)e +ro) a=% I" )ade one ca*6 "ure on "he b6+#le and *ro)o"ed on b3% I" )u " haBe )ade #" ca*"ure on b7 beh#nd "he 2h#"e *a<n on b-%K KJu " a )o)en"1K a#d Ed<ard% K2hy couldnI" #" be "ha" "he *a<n on b- really ca)e +ro) c71 #n <h#ch ca e "he 9lack *a<n +ro) a7 )ay haBe )ade #" ca*"ure on o)e o"her 0uare o+ "he b6+#leGK K,ood 0ue "#on1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KHo<eBer1 #+ "h# <a o1 "hen "he 2h#"e *a<n Eu " ca*"ured by "he 9lack k#n! ca)e or#!#nally +ro) b7% I" <ould haBe )ade one ca*"ure "o !e" "o "he c6+#le and "hen )ade #" ca*"ure en .assant1 Thu #" <ould haBe )ade "<o ca*"ure % The *a<n on b- <ould haBe )ade one ca*"ure1 and "he *a<n on !; d#d )ake "<o% Th# "o"al +#Be% 9u" "he 9lack b# ho* +ro) cA <a ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare <#"hou" haB#n! )oBed% Th# )ake one ca*"ure "oo )any%K KHo< cleBerJK re)arked Ed<ard% KSo1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K"h# abou" olBe "he *roble)% The )# #n! 2h#"e b# ho* <a no" ca*"ured on !4 or h;1 #nce "he e are <h#"e 0uare 1 and <e kno< "he 9lack k#n! "ook a *a<n on b41 hence #" <a "he *#ece ca*"ured on b7% Thu b7 # "he an <er%K K2ha" a del#!h"+ul *roble)1K a#d Colonel Mar "on1 <#"h eB#den" +a)#ly *r#de% KI <onder #+ "he old Ca*"a#n #n6 Ben"ed #" h#) el+GK
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
KI dare ay he d#d1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KI hardly "h#nk he <ould r# k u #n! a *roble) <h#ch <a kno<n%K
KThe econd *roble)1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K# rela"#Bely ea y% 2ha" *#ece <a ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e *a<n on a-G No" "he b# ho* +ro) +A1 <h#ch neBer e ca*ed +ro) #" ho)e 0uareM no" "he b# ho* +ro) cA1 <h#ch "raBel on <h#"e 0uare % The "h#rd )# #n! 9lack *#ece # "he *a<n +ro) h=% 9u" "h# 1 o+ cour e1 could no" haBe !o""en "o a-% Hence "he *a<n +ro) h= ha *ro)o"ed% No<1 "h# *a<n cro ed "he econd ro< &+ro) 2h#"eI #de( ne#"her on 0uare +7 nor on d7& #nce "he 2h#"e k#n! neBer )oBed( bu" on e7% Thu "he *a<n )ade "<o ca*"ure "o !e" "o +- @after "he *a<n +ro) e7 )oBed "o e- and before "he 2h#"e *a<n on +- )oBed +ro) +7(1 "hen one ca*"ure on e71 and "hen #" +our"h ca*6 "ure on e#"her d3 or +3 S#nce "he *a<n on +- d#d no" )oBe "#ll after "he 9lack *a<n <a on e71 "he 2h#"e k#n!I rook could no" haBe ye" !o" ou" "o be ca*"ured% There+ore "he rook <a "he la " 2h#"e *#ece "o +all1 and hence <a ca*6 "ured on d3 or +3% 9u" a lon! a "he 9lack *a<n <a on e71L "h# blocked "he 2h#"e rook +ro) !e""#n! "o d3% Hence "he rook +ell on +3%K
KThe "h#rd *roble)1K con"#nued Hol)e 1 K# an unu ual one@ac"ually "<o *roble) #n one% .#r " one ha "o +#nd ou" <ha" # "he unkno<nM "hen one )u " de"er)#ne <here #" <a "<o )oBe a!o%K KJu " a )#nu"e1K #n"erru*"ed Ed<ard% KI #" no" *o #ble "ha" one )#!h" de"er)#ne <here "he unkno<n <a <#"hou" kno<#n! <ha" #" # GK KIn"ere "#n! 0ue "#on1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KI haBe no" +ol6 lo<ed "ha" l#ne o+ #nBe "#!a"#on% All I kno< # "ha" ! had "o +#nd ou" +#r " <ha" "he unkno<n # % And "h# # "he *roble) <h#ch a" +#r " really had )e "u)*ed% There doe no" a**ear "o be "he l#!h"e " clueJ Ne#"her #de # #n check1 and "here #
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
no #))ed#a"e eB#dence o+ *a<n ca*"ure % 2ha" clue # "hereG 2here doe one "ar"GK 2e all "ud#ed "he *o #"#on )o " care+ully1 bu" no" a one o+ u could re)o"ely +a"ho) <here "o be!#n% KI "ar"ed on "h# *roble) la"e a" n#!h"1K a#d Hol)e 1 Kbu" !o" no<here@I d#d no" eBen kno< <here "o be!#n% D# a**o#n"ed1 I <en" "o lee*% Then uddenly #n "he )#ddle o+ "he n#!h"1 I Eu)*ed u* #n bed1 and ou" o+ )y lee* a#d1 IO+ cour e1 "he 9lack k#n!I b# ho*JI So "he +#r " clue l#e <#"h "he 9lack k#n!I b# ho*%K KThe 9lack k#n!I b# ho* # )# #n!1K I a#d% KI" <a ca*6 "ured on #" ho)e 0uare <#"hou" eBer haB#n! )oBed%K KO+ cour e1K a#d Hol)e % KThe 0ue "#on1 "hou!h1 # <ha" ca*"ured #"GK 2e "hen all a< "he *o#n"1 and "he Colonel Bo#ced #"% KI" couldnI" haBe been a rook or "he 0ueen1 #nce "he 9lack k#n! had neBer )oBed or been #n check% Nor could #" haBe been a b# ho* or *a<n% Hence "he b# ho* +ro) +A <a ca*"ured by a 2h#"e kn#!h"% 9u" 2h#"e !aBe 9lack odd o+ bo"h kn#!h" % Hence "he b# ho* <a ca*"ured by a .romoted 2h#"e kn#!h"%K KE:ac"ly1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 Kand "he de"er)#na"#on o+ "he unkno<n "hen +ollo< +a#rly ea #ly% The *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n ca)e +ro) h7% I" d#dnI" *ro)o"e B#a +=1 #nce "he 9lack k#n! ha neBer )oBed or been #n check1 hence #" *ro)o"ed B#a c= a+"er haB#n! )ade +#Be ca*"ure % Al o bo"h 9lack b# ho* <ere ca*"ured on "he#r ho)e 0uare 1 o <ere no" ca*"ured by "h# *a<n% Al o "he 9lack k#n!I rook <a neBer ca*"ured by "h# *a<n1 #nce #" <a al<ay con+#ned "o "he 0uare +=1 +A1 !A1 and hA% Th# "hen accoun" +or e#!h" ca*"ure o+ 9lack *#ece 1 o "here canI" be )ore "han e#!h" 9lack *#ece no< on "he board% Hence "he unkno<n on h4 )u " be 2h#"e% The ne:" 0ue "#on # what 2h#"e *#ece%K KMaybe #" # "he *ro)o"ed 2h#"e kn#!h"1K a#d Ed<ard% II "h#nk #" <ould be ra"her droll #+ "ha" <ere "he ca e%K KI" o ha**en #" is "he ca e1K re*l#ed Hol)e % KHo< do you kno<GK I a ked%
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
K2ell1 2a" on1 a)on! "he 9lack *#ece ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h7 <a "he 9lack *a<n +ro) a=1 unle "h# *a<n *ro)o"ed% 2ell1 #" m5st haBe *ro)o"ed1 #nce #" could neBer !e" on "he d#a!onal +ro) h7 "o c=% No<1 #n "he *roce o+ *ro)o"#n!1 #" neBer cro ed "he 0uare d71 #nce "he 2h#"e k#n! ha neBer )oBed or been #n check% Hence #" +#r " !o" "o e71 haB#n! )ade +our ca*"ure 1 and "hen )ade one )ore ca*"ure on d3 or +3% Th# "o"al +#Be1 and accoun" +or all )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece 1 #nce "here <ere only +our"een 2h#"e *#ece a" "he ou" e" and n#ne 2h#"e *#ece are "#ll on "he board% No<1 #nce "he only 9lack *#ece on "he board are "he k#n! and *a<n 1 "he *ro)o"ed 9lack *#ece@<ha"eBer #" <a @# no lon!er on "he board% There+ore #" <a ca*"ured% .ur"her)ore1 #" )u " haBe been one o+ "he *#ece ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h71 o"her<# e "here <ould be one "oo )any ca*"ure o+ 9lack *#ece % More *ec#+#cally1 "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h7 ca*"ured "he 9lack 0ueen1 bo"h kn#!h" 1 "he 0ueenI rook1 and "he *ro)o"ed 9lack *#eceM "he )# #n! 9lack b# ho* and k#n!I rook <ere neBer ca*6 "ured by "he *a<n%K K2hy # #" o #!n#+#can" "ha" "he *ro)o"ed 9lack *#ece <a one o+ "he *#ece ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e *a<nGK #n6 0u#red Colonel Mar "on% K9ecau e "h# )ean "ha" "he 9lack *a<n *ro)o"ed be/ fore "he 2h#"e *a<n d#d% Hence "he *ro)o"ed 2h#"e kn#!h" <a not a)on! "he +#Be 2h#"e *#ece ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n en rou"e "o *ro)o"#on% And "he *ro)o"ed 2h#"e kn#!h" <a no" ca*"ured by any"h#n! el e1 or "here <ould be one "oo )any 2h#"e *#ece no< on "he board% There+ore "he 2h#"e kn#!h" )u " be "he unkno<n on h4%K K8ery !ood1K a#d Ed<ard% KAnd no< <ha" abou" "he econd *ar" o+ "he *roble)G 2here <a "he kn#!h" "<o )oBe a!oGK K2ell1K a#d Hol)e #n a del#!h"ed "one1 K"he an <er ho< "ha" your !rea"6!rand+a"her )u " "ruly haBe had 0u#"e a en e o+ hu)or%K
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HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
KHe <a cer"a#nly re*u"ed "o1K re*l#ed Ed<ard <#"h a lau!h% K2ell1 "he olu"#on # "h# 1K a#d Hol)e % KA 9lack *#ece )u " haBe been ca*"ured <#"h#n "he la " "<o )oBe "o aBo#d a 9lack re"ro!rade "ale)a"e%K K2ha" # a re"ro!rade "ale)a"eGK a ked Ed<ard% KA #"ua"#on #n <h#ch "here # no *o #ble la " )oBe1K re6 *l#ed Hol)e % KYou ee "he <hole *o#n" # "ha" #n "h# *o #6 "#on1 "he 9lack *a<n on c4 ha been "here +or 0u#"e o)e "#)e "o allo< "he *ro)o"#n! *a<n "o cro c=1 and "here+ore #" ha no" )oBed +or eBeral )oBe @cer"a#nly )ore "han "<o% So "he la " )oBe "ha" 9lack )ade )u " haBe been <#"h "he *a<n on +4 co)#n! +ro) +=% And 9lackI )oBe be+ore "ha"G I" )u " haBe been <#"h a *#ece no lon!er on "he board% Thu 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he *a<n on +41 and r#!h" be+ore "ha" 2h#"e )u " haBe ca*"ured a *#ece <h#ch <a +ree "o haBe )oBed *reB#ou ly% 2ha" *#ece could "h# beG Only "he 9lack k#n!I rook ca*"ured on += or !A by "he 2h#"e kn#!h"% I" couldnI" haBe been += becau e "he *a<n <a "here% Hence #" <a !A% Thu be+ore 2h#"eI la " )oBe1 "he kn#!h" <a on !A% 2ha" 0uare d#d #" co)e +ro) "o ca*6 "ure "he rook on !AG No" +41 #nce #" <ould be check#n! "he k#n!% There+ore #" ca)e +ro) h4% In o"her <ord 1 *u" "he 9lack *a<n no< on +4 back on += and *u" a 9lack rook on !A@"h# <a "he *o #"#on "<o )oBe a!o% The *re en" *o #6 "#on # "hen ob"a#ned by "he +ollo<#n! e0uenceL 3 N:R '6+4
7 N6h4
KThu "<o )oBe a!o1 "he kn#!h" <a on h4@"he a)e 0uare #" # on no<JK %
2e all a!reed "ha" "he olu"#on d#d #ndeed haBe a hu)or6 ou "<# "@"he #dea "ha" "<o )oBe a!o "he unkno<n <a on "he Bery a)e 0uare
HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
KI ee no<1K a#d Colonel Mar "on1 Kho< "he olu"#on o+ "he e "hree *roble) loca"ed "he "rea ure% 9u" "ha" <a only "he +#r " che "% Ho< d#d you +#nd ou" abou" and loca"e "he econd che "GK K9y a )ere +luke1 Colonel Mar "on1 a )ere +luke% I+ #" <ere no" +or e:"raord#nar#ly !ood luck1 "he che " )#!h" haBe la#n "here +or )#ll#on o+ year % KI" ha**ened "h# <ayL 2hen <e ca)e ho)e Tue day a+"ernoon1 a+"er +#nd#n! "he +#r " che " r#+led1 I <en" u* "o "he l#brary1 <# h#n! "o +or!e" "he d# a**o#n"#n! eBen" o+ "he day% I "ar"ed bro< #n! "hrou!h "he old Ca*"a#nI che book % 9y heer luck I ca)e acro "h# )e a!eL 4A@371 7 3 3?1 77 3 3?@-1 3;1 A1 371 C%
I+ #" had no" been enclo ed #n a )a* o+ "he # land1 I <ould *robably haBe #!nored #"% .or"una"ely1 "he Arabian Anights <a "he code book +or "h# )e a!e al o% Decoded1 "he )e 6 a!e read L L
.OR THE SECOND 'ORTION1 USE THE 'RO9LEMS IN RE8ERSE%
KTha" <a
urely e:*l#c#" enou!h% 2e )erely u e "he
0uare o+ "he third *roble) +or "he rou!h loca"#on@"h# br#n! u "o "he nor"hea " *or"#on o+ "he # land% Then <e ubd#B#de #n"o #:"y6+our 0uare and u e "he econd *rob6 le) +or "he #n"er)ed#a"e "a!e1 and la "ly u e "he +#r " *roble)%K Th# abou" conclude our re)arkable adBen"ure on Mar6 "onI I land% 2e had )ade no *r#or a!ree)en" abou" our hare o+ "he "rea ure1 #+ #" <ere +ound% 9o"h bro"her <ere e:6 "re)ely !enerou 1 and *re ed u "o "ake +ar )ore "han <e
#$)
HOLMES EF'LAINS IT
<ere <#ll#n! "o acce*"% 2e +#nally co)*ro)# ed on a +#!ure abou" )#d<ay be"<een <ha" "hey had #n )#nd and <ha" <e "hou!h" <a rea onable% S"#ll1 "he Colonel <a no" a"# +#ed% KDonI" you real#/e1 Hol)e 1 "ha" #+ #" <ere no" +or you1 <e <ould neBer haBe +ound "he "rea ure a" allGK KI doub" "ha"1K re*l#ed Hol)e <#"h !enu#ne )ode "y% KI really "h#nk any co)*e"en" re"ro!rade analy " could haBe done a <ell%K K2ell1 <ell1K a#d Mar "on1 K<onI" you a" lea " acce*" o)e e:"ra l#""le ouBen#r o+ "he occa #onG Do any o+ "he e #n "ru)en" or book "r#ke your +ancyGK K2ell1K a#d Hol)e a b#" hyly1 Kone "h#n! I <ould "ruly be del#!h"ed "o haBe@"he Arabian Anights16
#$(
E'ILO,UE
2e haBe been ho)e no< +or abou" eBen )on"h 1 and "here are "<o a *ec" o+ "he )y "ery <h#ch haBe been cleared u* only "h# eBen#n!% Colonel Mar "on # a!a#n on a B# #" "o London1 and ha *en" "he eBen#n! <#"h u #n 9aker S"ree" re)#n# c#n! abou" "he <hole adBen"ure% K2ho "ole "he +#r " hal+ o+ "he "rea ure1 I hould l#ke "o kno<1 and ho< d#d he eBer loca"e #"GK a ked "he Colonel% KThe #den"#"y o+ "he "h#e+ # no )y "ery "o )e1K re*l#ed Hol)e 1 <ho "hen "old h#) all abou" Mor#ar"y% KAnd #" # no" a" all ou" o+ "he 0ue "#on "ha" "he old Ca*"a#n )ade )ore "han one co*y o+ "he )a*% Thou!h ho< Mor#ar"y eBer ca)e acro ano"her co*y # a )uch a )y "ery "o u a "o you% I haBe neBer been able "o "race any connec"#on be"<een Mor#ar"y and your +a)#ly%K 2e a" a<h#le #n #len" "hou!h"% Suddenly1 ou" o+ "he blue1 Hol)e a ked1 KYou neBer by any chance kne< "he la"e Dr% E"han Ru ellGK K2hy1 o+ cour eJK cr#ed "he Colonel #n u""er a "on# h6 )en"% KH# <#+e1 8#ole"1 <a )y +#r " cou #n@ he <a a Mar "on1 and1 #n +ac"1 a" "he "#)e o+ her dea"h1 he1 Ed<ard1 and I <ere "he only urB#B#n! de cendan" o+ Ca*"a#n Mar6 "on% She and her hu band <ere en rou"e "o *ay Ed<ard a B# #" on "he # landM "hey had en" <ord "o h#) earl#er "ha" "hey <ere co)#n!1 br#n!#n! a ne<ly +ound docu)en" o+ !rea" +a)#ly #)*or"ance% Ho<eBer1 "hey bo"h d#ed aboard h#* under 0u#"e )y "er#ou c#rcu) "ance %K
#'#
E'ILO,UE
K2ell1K a#d Hol)e "o )e la"er #n "he eBen#n!1 K"h# +#6 nally olBe "he )y "ery o+ "he )o"#Be o+ "he Ru ell I )ur6 der and "he connec"#on be"<een Mor#ar"y and "he Mar "on +a)#lyJK One or "<o la " "h#n! % The reader *erha* recall "ha" aboard h#*1 en rou"e "o Mar "onI I land1 Hol)e "old )e abou" o)e o+ Mor#ar"yI re"ro!rade *roble) <h#ch he had back ho)e #n h# +#le % I a**end "he e *roble) and "he#r olu"#on % A "o "he Arabian Anights )anu cr#*"1 )uch )y "ery urround #" or#!#n% The au"horI na)e a**ear "o be a nom de .l5me3 "hou!h <e are no" ure o+ "h# % The hand<r#"#n! # #n *o" #lle!#ble1 and <e can only conEec"ure "he )ean#n! o+ o)e o+ "he *a a!e % E#"her "he au"hor neBer !aBe olu6 "#on "o "he *roble) 1 or "he olu"#on <ere o)eho< e*a6 ra"ed +ro) "he re " o+ "he )anu cr#*" and lo "1 o Hol)e and I haBe "o <ork ou" )o " o+ "he)% Th# and )uch o"her <ork re)a#n "o be done1 bu" eBen"ually <e #n"end "o *ub6 l# h "h# )anu cr#*"%
142
MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS
and
SOLUTIONS
A ' ' E N D I F
MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS
No ca*"ure haBe been )ade #n "he la " +our )oBe % I" # 2h#"eI )oBe% 2ha" <a "he la " )oBeG
MlP
B The +#r " +our *roble) <ere all co)*o ed by Mor#ar"y be+ore "he a!e o+ n#ne@"h# one1 <h#ch <a Mor#ar"yI +#r "1 <a co)*o ed a" "he a!e o+ eBen% S#)*le a #" # 1 #" cer"a#nly ho< re)arkable *recoc#"y%
#'*
MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS
M7P
Ne#"her "he 2h#"e k#n! nor 0ueen ha )oBed dur#n! "he la " +#Be )oBe 1 nor ha any *#ece been ca*"ured dur#n! "ha" "#)e% 2ha" <a "he la " )oBeG
M-
No *a<n ha )oBed1 nor ha any *#ece been ca*"ured1 #n "he la " +#Be )oBe % The 9lack k#n! ha been acc#den"ally knocked o++ "he board% On <ha" 0uare hould he "andG
P .or a ch#ld o+ e#!h"1 "h# # 0u#"e #n!en#ou J
#'&
MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS
The 9lack k#n! ha neBer )oBed nor been #n check% 2h#"e !aBe 9lack odd o+ a *#ece1 no" a *a<n% 2ha" odd d#d 2h#"e !#BeG
M?P
M5
None o+ "he royal"y ha ye" )oBed% A 'roBe "ha" #+ "here are no *ro)o"ed 2h#"e *#ece on "he board1 "hen one o+ "he +our kn#!h" ha )oBed% 9 'roBe al o "ha" #+ "here are no *ro6 )o"ed 9lack *#ece on "he board1 "hen two o+ "he kn#!h" haBe )oBed%
P Th# # "he la " *roble) Mor#ar"y co)*o ed dur#n! h# ch#ldhood1 and # clearly "he )o " )a"ure% Q .or o)e unkno<n rea on1 oBer "<en"y year ela* ed be"<een "he co)*o #"#on o+ M? and o+ M;M "he la""er <a no" co)*o ed "#ll a+"er Mor#ar"y ob"a#ned h# doc"ora"e% Th# *roble) # a *ro+ound one1 and #" # #n"ere "#n! "o no"e "he *ro+e #onal )anner #n <h#ch "he 0ue "#on are *hra ed%
#'+
MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS
2h#"e can ca "le% I "he 2h#"e 0ueen on d7 or#!#nal or *ro)o"edG
M4
M= 9o"h #de can ca "le% The un6 kno<n on c4 # obB#ou ly 9lackM <e are !#Ben "ha" #" # no" a rook% A I+ #" # a kn#!h"1 "hen on <ha" 0uare <a "he )# #n! 9lack 0ueen ca*"uredG 9 I+ #" # "he or#!#nal 0ueen1 "hen on <ha" 0uare <a "he )# #n! kn#!h" ca*"uredG C I+ #" # a *ro)o"ed 0ueen1 "hen <here <a "he kn#!h" ca*"uredG #')
MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS
MA
,#Ben L
9lackI +#r " )oBe <a *a<n "o d;% Kn#!h" on +; ha )oBed e:ac"ly "hree "#)e % 9lack 0ueen1 k#n!1 and k#n!I rook haBe neBer )oBed a" all% art ! A 'roBe "ha" "hree o+ "he *#ece no< on "he#r ho)e 0uare haBe )oBed% 9 Ha "he *a<n on h; )oBed once or "<#ceG C I+ "he *a<n h; <ere on h41 <ould "he *o #6"#on "#ll be *o #bleG art !!@Su**o e <e re)oBe "he 9lack b# ho* +ro) cA and !#Be "he +ollo<#n! add#"#onal cond#"#on L Th# b# ho* # o)e<here on "he board &and on a <h#"e 0uare(% I" ha neBer been on +=1 nor ha #" cro ed b= or c41 and #" d#d no" )oBe be+ore "he 2h#"e b# ho* on !? d#d% On <ha" 0uare # "h# b# ho*G
M9
Ne#"her k#n! ha )oBed% On +7 "and a black or <h#"e *a<n% A 2h#"e kn#!h"
"and on e#"her +- or +?%
A 2ha" color # "he *a<n on +7G 9 Doe "he 2h#"e kn#!h" "and on +- or
+?G
#'(
MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS
M35P
I" # 2h#"eI )oBe% Can he )a"e #n "<oG
P Th# # Mor#ar"yI la " *roble)@and one o+ h# be "% I" <a co)6 *o ed hor"ly be+ore h# dea"h%
#*,
A ' ' E N D I F
II
SOLUTIONS
Red # no< #n check1 hence ,reen )oBed la "% I" re)a#n "o de"er6 )#ne <ho )oBed +#r "1 <h#ch can be done by +#!ur#n! <he"her an odd or eBen nu)ber o+ )oBe haBe been )ade% The rook on b3 ha )ade an odd nu)ber o+ )oBe M "he o"her "hree rook haBe each )ade an eBen nu)ber o+ )oBe &*o #bly /ero(% The Red kn#!h" haBe collec"#Bely )ade an odd nu)ber o+ )oBe 1 #nce "hey are on 0uare o+ "he a)e color1 and "he ,reen kn#!h" haBe collec"#Bely )ade an eBen nu)ber o+ )oBe % The one k#n! ha )ade an eBen nu)ber o+ )oBe &*o #bly /ero(1 and "he o"her k#n! an odd nu)ber% The b# ho* and *a<n haBe neBer )oBed1 and bo"h 0ueen <ere ca*"ured be+ore "hey eBer )oBed% So "he !rand "o"al#"y # odd% Thu ,reen )oBed +#r "% Hence ,reen # 2h#"e and Red # 9lack%
The 2h#"e *a<n haBe ca*"ured #: *#ece and "he 9lack *a<n e#!h"% A)on! "he e e#!h" )u " be a 2h#"e *a<n unle a 2h#"e *a<n *ro)o"ed% No<1 "he 2h#"e *a<n on a?1 b?1 and c? ca)e +ro) c71 d71 and e71 o #+ a 2h#"e *a<n <a ca*"ured by a 9lack *a<n1 #" )u " haBe co)e +ro) +71 !71 or h71 bu" "h# # #)*o #bleM eBen +ro) +71 #" <ould haBe "o )ake a" lea " "<o ca*"ure "o !e" "o "he d6+#le or beyond1 <h#ch # one "oo )any% There+ore1 a 2h#"e *a<n d#d *ro)o"e% No<1 "he *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n could )ake a" )o " one ca*6 "ure% Hence #" ca)e +ro) h7 and *ro)o"ed on !A & #nce "he 9lack k#n!I rook ha neBer )oBed(1 )ak#n! #" ca*"ure on !A &+ro) h=(% Thu all eBen )# #n! 9lack *#ece are accoun"ed +or% Al o "he 9lack *a<n +ro) h= could no" haBe been "he *#ece ca*"ured by "he *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h71 nor could #" )ake enou!h ca*"ure "o be ca*"ured by any o+ "he *a<n on a?1 b?1 and c?% There+ore "h# 9lack *a<n )u " haBe *ro)o"ed "oo% I" could no"
#*#
SOLUTIONS
haBe co)e "ra#!h" do<n "he h6+#le becau e o+ "he *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n1 <h#ch d#d no" leaBe "he h6+#le un"#l a+"er #" <a on "he 0uare h=% There+ore "he 9lack *a<n ca*"ured o)e<here on "he !6+#le &#" couldnI" haBe )ade )ore "han one ca*"ure(% So "he a)6 b#!uou ly *laced 2h#"e *a<n )u " be on +71 <h#ch allo<ed "he 9lack *a<n "o cro "o "he 0uare !7 &a <ell a allo<#n! "he 2h#"e *a<n on !7 "o haBe been ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n(%
The olu"#on # #ndeed ele)en"ary% The *o#n" # "ha" 9lack ha no" ye" had "#)e "o )oBe h# k#n! or e#"her rook% 9e+ore 2h#"eI la " )oBe <#"h "he *a<n +ro) e7 "o e?1 he had no"h#n! "o )oBe e:ce*" "he *a<n +ro) a7% MoB#n! a lo<ly a *o #ble1 #" )u " haBe )ade a" lea " +our )oBe "o !e" "o a41 "hen one )oBe ca*"ur#n! "he *a<n on b= be+ore #" <a #n "urn ca*"ured by "he b# ho*% So 2h#"e )ade a" )o " +#Be )oBe <#"h "h# *a<n% Hence 2h#"e ha )ade a )a:#)u) o+ #: )oBe al"o!e"her1 and 9lack could no" haBe )ade )ore "han #: )oBe % A" "he a)e "#)e1 9lack ha "o haBe )ade a" lea " #: )oBe &a" lea " one each <#"h "he 0ueen1 bo"h b# ho* 1 bo"h kn#!h" 1 and "he *a<n on e;(% I" +ollo< "ha" 9lack ha )ade e:ac"ly #: )oBe and ha no" ye" )oBed h# k#n! or e#"her rookM "hu he # able "o ca "le% S#nce 9lack ha )ade e:ac"ly #: )oBe 1 and 2h#"e ha )ade no +e<er )oBe "han 9lack1 "hen 2h#"e ha )ade a" lea " #: )oBe % 9u" al o 2h#"e ha )ade a" )o " #: )oBe % Th# )ean 2h#"e al o ha )ade e:ac"ly #: )oBe J Thu 2h#"e and 9lack haBe each )ade e:ac"ly #: )oBe 1 and #" # no< 2h#"eI "urn%
9lack # )# #n! one rook1 <h#ch <a ca*"ured by "he *a<n on h-% S#nce "he 9lack k#n! ha no" ye" )oBed1 ho< d#d "he rook !e" ou" "o be ca*"uredG Only by "he *a<n on b4 and c4 cro 6ca*"ur#n! "o le" #" ou"@#%e%1 "he *a<n on b4 ca)e +ro) c= and "he *a<n on c4 ca)e +ro) b=% No<1 "he 9lack rook could no" !e" ou" un"#l a+"er "he ca*"ure on c41 becau e a lon! a "he *a<n on c4 <a on b= "he b# ho* on +; <a on cA and con+#ned "he rook "o "he 0uare aA and bA% Thu "he ca*"ure on c4 <a )ade +#r "1 "hen "he b# ho* and rook bo"h !o" ou"1 and "hen ca)e "he ca*"ure on b4% 2h#"e # )# #n! a b# ho* and a rook &"he )# #n! 2h#"e *a<n hould really be on "he board1 al"hou!h <e donI" ye" kno< <here(% The )# #n! 2h#"e b# ho* "raBeled on black 0uare 1 hence <a ca*"ured on b4% So "he )# #n! 2h#"e rook <a ca*"ured on
#*%
SOLUTIONS
c4% Thu "he 2h#"e rook <a ca*"ured before "he 9lack rook !o" ou" "o be ca*"ured on h-1 and "here+ore before "he 2h#"e *a<n &co)#n! +ro) !7( )ade #" ca*"ure on h-% 9u" be+ore "he ca*"ure on h-1 ho< could "he 2h#"e rook haBe !o""en ou" #nce "he 2h#"e k#n! ha neBer )oBedG The only an <er # "ha" "he 2h#"e rook no< on a3 # really "he K#n!I rook1 and hence #" <a "he 2h#"e 0ueenI rook <h#ch !o" ca*"ured on c4J The e0uence <a "h# L .#r " "he 2h#"e 0ueenI rook !o" ca*"ured on c4% Then "he 9lack rook !o" ou" and !o" ca*"ured on h-% Then "he rook +ro) h3 !o" ou" and ca)e around "o a3% 2e no< ee "ha" #" <a "he 2h#"e 0ueenI rook "ha" <a ca*6 "ured on c41 and <e recall "ha" "he 2h#"e k#n! ha neBer )oBed% There+ore "he 2h#"e *a<n <e are "ry#n! "o loca"e canno" be on c71 #nce #+ #" <ere1 "he 2h#"e 0ueenI rook could neBer haBe !o""en ou" "o be ca*"ured% Nor can #" be on c-1 #nce a cro 6ca*"ure o+ "h# *a<n and "he one on b- # no" *o #ble1 becau e "he only )# #n! 9lack *#ece ha been ca*"ured on h-% Ho<eBer1 "he 2h#"e *a<n <e are "ry#n! "o *lace )u " be on "he c6+#le1 becau e #" <a or#!#nally +ro) c71 and had no 9lack *#ece "o ca*"ure "o !e" on"o a d#++eren" +#le% There+ore #" )u " be on e#"her c? or c=% I" canI" be on c= becau e "he 9lack *a<n on c4 <a "here before "he *a<n on b41 hence "here <a al<ay a 9lack *a<n on c4 or c=1 and "he 2h#"e *a<n could neBer !e" around "he)% Thu "he 2h#"e *a<n )u " "and on c?%
.ROM 2HEREG
The *a<n on c- could no" haBe ca*"ured "he 9lack 0ueenI b# ho* & #nce "h# b# ho* "raBeled only on <h#"e 0uare (1 o e#"her #" ca*6 "ured "he )# #n! 9lack *a<n or el e "h# *a<n *ro)o"ed% I+ #" d#d *ro)o"e1 "hen #" <a "h# *ro)o"ed *#ece <h#ch <a ca*"ured on c-1 becau e "h# *#ece # no" no< on "he board% There+ore "he )# #n! 9lack *a<n <a ca*"ured on c- #n e#"her #" or#!#nal or #" *ro)o"ed +or)% The )# #n! 9lack *a<n )u " be +ro) d=1 #nce #+ #" <ere +ro) e= #" <ould haBe had "o )ake a" lea " one ca*"ure "o !e" e#"her "o c- or "o *ro)o"e1 and "he *a<n on e; <ould haBe "o haBe )ade ano"her1 <h#ch # #)*o #ble% So "he )# #n! *a<n d#d co)e +ro) d=% I+ #" !o" ca*"ured on c- <#"hou" *ro)o"#n!1 "hen #" ca*"ured a 2h#"e *#ece "o !e" "o "he c6+#le% On "he o"her hand1 #+ #" *ro)o"ed1 and "hen !o" ca*"ured on c-1 #" o+ cour e <ould haBe *ro)o"ed before "he ca*"ure on c-1 hence "he *a<n on c- <a on d7 be+ore "he *ro)o"#on1 and "he 9lack *a<n )u " haBe *ro)o"ed on e3 a+"er ca*"ur#n! a 2h#"e *#ece "o !e" o++ "he d6+#le% So #n e#"her ca e "he 9lack *a<n )ade a ca*"ure before "he ca*"ure on c-% The
#*$
SOLUTIONS
ca*"ure <a o+ "he 2h#"e b# ho* +ro) +3 & #nce "h# # "he only )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece(% 9u" be+ore "h# 1 "he *a<n on e- )u " haBe )oBed +ro) e7 "o le" "he b# ho* ou"% The u* ho" o+ all "h# # "ha" "he *a<n on e- <a on e- before "he *a<n on c- )ade #" ca*"ure +ro) d7% There+ore "he 2h#"e b# ho* on !; !o" "here +ro) #" ho)e 0uare c3 B#a "he 0uare +71 o 2h#"eI la " )oBe <#"h "he *a<n on +? could no" haBe been +ro) +7% &S"a"ed o"her<# e1 #+ 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a "he *a<n on +? +ro) +71 "hen "he b# ho* could neBer !e" +ro) c3 "o !; becau e #" <ould be he))ed #n by "he *a<n on c-1 e-1 and +7%( Al o1 2h#"e d#d no" Eu " )oBe "he *a<n on +? +ro) !-1 a #" <ould +#r " haBe "o haBe )oBed +ro) +71 and "h# "o!e"her <#"h "he *a<n on c- <ould haBe "o haBe )ade "hree ca*"ure % There+ore 2h#"eI la " )oBe <a +ro) +-%
DI..ICULTG
The )# #n! 9lack b# ho* <a clearly ca*"ured by a *a<n on +-% I" couldnI" !e" ou" un"#l "he ca*"ure a" c4 o+ one o+ "he 2h#"e rook % 9e+ore "he ca*"ure a" +-1 "he 2h#"e k#n!I rook couldnI" !e" ou" becau e "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* <a #n "he <ay% So "he 2h#"e 0ueenI rook <a "aken a" c4% .or #" "o !e" ou"1 "he *a<n a" b- and c? had "o be #n "he#r *re en" *o #"#on &"h# # obB#ou +or "he *a<n on c?1 and a +or "he *a<n on b-1 "he b# ho* on e; couldnI" haBe )oBed +ro) c3 be+ore "he *a<n )oBed +ro) b7(% So by "he "#)e "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* <a +reed by "he ca*"ure on +-1 "he *a<n a" b-1 c?1 c41 and d= <ere already "here1 o "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* couldnI" !e" "o <here #" # %
.#r "1 "he olu"#on o+ "he *roble) o+ "he kn#!h" and knaBe % S#nce C con"rad#c"ed 91 "hen e#"her 9 or C # a kn#!h" and "he o"her a knaBe% I+ A # a kn#!h"1 "hen "here <ould #n +ac" be "<o kn#!h" *re6 en"1 #n <h#ch ca e A1 be#n! "ru"h+ul1 <ouldnI" ay "here <a Eu " one% On "he o"her hand1 #+ A # a knaBe1 "hen "here # #n +ac" Eu " one kn#!h" *re en"1 o A1 be#n! a knaBe1 <ouldnI" "a"e "h# "rue +ac"% There+ore A neBer a#d "ha" "here <a one kn#!h" *re en"% So 9 l#ed% Hence 9 # a knaBe and C # a kn#!h"%
No< +or .er!u onI che *roble)% I+ 9lack cannot ca "le1 "hen 2h#"e k#n! "o e4 doe "he "r#ck1 #nce <ha"eBer )oBe 9lack "hen )ake 1 *a<n "o !A <#n %
SOLUTIONS
I+ 9lack can ca "le1 "hen h# la " )oBe <a no" <#"h "he k#n! or rook1 hence <a <#"h "he *a<n1 )oreoBer +ro) e= "o e;% Then 2h#"e can "ake h#) en .assant1 I+ 9lack "hen ca "le 1 "o aBo#d )a"e by *a<n "o !A1 2h#"e )a"e by *a<n "o b=% .er!u onI <hole *o#n" <a "ha" either 9lack canI" ca "le or 2h#"e can ca*"ure en .assant3 and "here # no <ay o+ kno<#n! <h#ch% In e#"her ca e "here # a )a"e #n "<o1 bu" a d#++eren" one #n each ca e% Thu 1 <#"hou" kno<led!e o+ "he *a " h# "ory o+ "he !a)e1 "here # no +#r " )oBe o+ 2h#"e <h#ch one can *o#n" "o and ay1 KTh# 1 and only "h# 1 )oBe lead "o a )a"e #n "<o%K
A HUESTION O. 'ROMOTION
The *#ece ca*"ured on c- <a no" "he 9lack 0ueenI b# ho*1 nor "he *a<n +ro) h=1 #nce #" could no" !e" "o "he c6+#le% Hence "he *a<n +ro) h= ha *ro)o"ed% I" *ro)o"ed on !3 a+"er ca*"ur#n! e:ac"ly one *#ece@"he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho*% The ca*"ure by "he *a<n on c- had "o occur be+ore "he b# ho* !o" ou" "o be ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n1 and o "he ca*"ure on c- occurred be+ore "he *ro)o"#on% Thu "he *ro)o"ed 9lack *#ece # "#ll on "he board%
SHADES O. THE 'AST
Th# # a co)*le: a re"ro!rade analy # a I haBe eBer een1 #n co)*ar# on1 "he *roble) d# cu ed #n KYou Really CanI"1 You Kno<K # ch#ldI *layJ 9lack # )# #n! a b# ho* &+ro) cA1 <h#ch "raBel on <h#"e 0uare ( and a *a<n +ro) != or h=% The 9lack *#ece ca*"ured by "he 2h#"e *a<n on a- <a no" "he b# ho*1 nor "he *a<n &<h#ch could neBer haBe !o""en "o "he a6+#le(1 hence "he )# #n! 9lack *a<n ha *ro)o"ed% I+ "he 9lack *#ece ca*"ured on a- <a an orig/ inal o++#cer1 "hen one o+ "he 9lack o++#cer no< on "he board )u " be *ro)o"ed% Su**o e1 on "he o"her hand1 "ha" #" <a "he .ro/ moted 9lack *#ece <h#ch <a ca*"ured on a-% Th# )ean "ha" "he *ro)o"#on "ook *lace *r#or "o ca*"ure and #)*l#e "ha" "here # a *ro)o"ed White *#ece on "he board1 <h#ch )u " no< be *roBed% Le"I u**o e "he *ro)o"ed 9lack *#ece <a ca*"ured on a-% The +#r " "h#n! "o ob erBe # "ha" "he *a<n on !- ca)e +ro) !71 becau e #+ #" ca)e +ro) h7 #" ca*"ured on !-1 <h#ch # a black 0uare% 9u" "he *a<n on a- al o ca*"ured on a black 0uare% Th# # #)*o #ble1 #nce one o+ "he "<o )# #n! 9lack *#ece # "he b# ho* "raBel#n! on <h#"e 0uare % So "he *a<n on !- really d#d co)e +ro) !7% The ne:" *o#n" "o ob erBe # "ha" "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n d#d no" *ro)o"e on h31 #nce 2h#"e ha Eu " ca "led% One con e6 0uence o+ "h# # "ha" "he 9lack *a<n on !4 really ca)e +ro) !=1
#**
SOLUTIONS
+or #+ #" ca)e +ro) h=1 "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n ca)e +ro) != and <ould haBe had "o )ake a" lea " "<o ca*"ure "o aBo#d *ro6 )o"#n! on h3% Th# "o"al "hree ca*"ure 1 <h#ch # one "oo )any% There+ore "he *a<n on !4 really ca)e +ro) !=1 and "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n ca)e +ro) h=1 and )u " haBe )ade one ca*"ure on e#"her !7 or !3% The cruc#al 0ue "#on no< # 1 <ha" 2h#"e *#ece d#d "h# *a<n ca*"ureG I" could no" haBe been a .romoted *#ece1 +or u**o e #" <a @"hen "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h7 *ro)o"ed before "he *ro)o"ed *a<n <a ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n% Ho< d#d #" !e" *a " "he 9lack *a<nG The only *o #b#l#"y # "ha" <h#le "he 9lack *a<n <a "#ll on h=1 "he 2h#"e *a<n <a on h4 and ca*6 "ured a *#ece on !=% 9u" "h# # #)*o #ble1 #nce a- and != are bo"h black 0uare 1 and one o+ "he )# #n! 9lack *#ece # "he b# ho* on <h#"e 0uare % There+ore "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n d#d no" ca*"ure a *ro)o"ed *#ece% And #" d#d no" ca*"ure "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h71 #nce #" )ade #" ca*"ure on !7 or !3% There+ore #" ca*"ured an or#!#nal 2h#"e o++#cer% I+ "h# o++#cer <a a rook1 kn#!h"1 or b# ho*1 "hen one o+ "he rook 1 kn#!h" 1 or b# ho* no< on "he board )u " be *ro)o"ed% 9u" u**o e "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n ca*"ured "he 0ueen% Th# ca*"ure occurred1 re)e)ber1 be/ fore "he ca*"ure on a- &becau e "he 9lack *a<n *ro)o"ed after #" )ade a ca*"ure1 and "he *ro)o"ed 9lack *#ece "hen !o" ca*"ured on a-(% So "he 2h#"e 0ueen !o" ou" <h#le "he *a<n on a- <a "#ll on b71 and "he *a<n on c- )u " haBe +#r " )oBed "o le" "he 0ueen ou" & #nce 2h#"e ha Eu " ca "led(% Thu "he *a<n on c- <a <here #" # before "he *a<n on a- ca)e +ro) b7% Th# )ean "ha" "he 2h#"e b# ho* on !; could neBer haBe !o""en "here +ro) c3 &be6 cau e #" <ould be he))ed #n by "he *a<n "hen on b71 c-1 and d7(1 hence )u " be a *ro)o"ed b# ho*% To u))ar#/e1 "he 9lack *a<n +ro) h= d#d *ro)o"e% I+ "h# *ro)o"ed *#ece # on "he board1 "hen "here # a 9lack *ro)o"ed *#ece on "he board% I+ "h# *ro)o"ed *#ece # no" on "he board1 "hen #" !o" ca*"ured on a- a+"er haB#n! ca*"ured an or#!#nal 2h#"e o++#cer on !7 or !3% I+ "h# o++#cer <a no" a 0ueen1 "hen one o+ "he 2h#"e o++#cer on "he board # obB#ou ly *ro)o"ed% I+ "h# o++#cer <a a 0ueen1 "hen "he b# ho* on !; # *ro)o"ed%
The an <er # "ha" 2h#"e can )a"e 9lack #n only one )oBeJ The *roo+ +ollo< % To be!#n <#"h1 "he *a<n on d- ca)e +ro) h= a+"er haB#n! ca*6 "ured +our o+ "he +#Be )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece % Hence none o+ "he o"her 9lack *a<n haBe eBer been o++ "he#r *re en" +#le 1 +or #+ o
#*&
SOLUTIONS
)uch a one <ere1 "hen a" lea " "<o e:"ra ca*"ure <ould haBe had "o haBe been )ade% Thu "he *a<n on a-1 b;1 d;1 and e4 haBe re6 *ec"#Bely co)e +ro) a=1 b=1 d=1 and e=1 and haBe neBer )ade any ca*"ure % No<1 one o+ "he 2h#"e b# ho* on c4 and cA # obB#ou ly *ro6 )o"ed% The *a<n on a; and b? haBe collec"#Bely co)e +ro) b7 and c7 and haBe collec"#Bely )ade "<o ca*"ure &a" lea "(% The *a<n on h- ca)e +ro) !7 and ha )ade one ca*"ure% Th# ac6 coun" +or a" lea " "hree ca*"ure % The *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n ca)e +ro) one o+ "he 0uare +7 or e71 and "he *a<n on e? ca)e +ro) "he o"her% Su**o e "he *ro)o"#n! *a<n ca)e +ro) e7% Then #" )u " haBe )ade a" lea " "<o ca*"ure "o *ro)o"e on a white 0uare1 and "he *a<n on e? )u " haBe )ade ano"her1 <h#ch # one "oo )any% There+ore "he *a<n on e? ca)e +ro) e7 and "he *ro6 )o"#n! *a<n ca)e +ro) +7% Th# *a<n <en" d#rec"ly "o +41 "hen )ade a ca*"ure on e= and *ro)o"ed on eA &becau e o"her<# e #" <ould haBe had "o )ake "hree or )ore ca*"ure "o *ro)o"e on a <h#"e 0uare(% No< <e con #der <ha" )u " haBe been 9lackI la " )oBe% I" <a obB#ou ly no" <#"h "he k#n!1 b# ho*1 or kn#!h"1 nor any o+ "he *a<n on a-1 c=1 +=1 and !=% I" <a no" <#"h "he *a<n on d-1 #nce had #" Eu " co)e +ro) d?1 #" could neBer haBe co)e +ro) h=% I" could no" be <#"h "he *a<n on e4 +ro) e=1 or el e "he *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n neBer could haBe )ade #" ca*"ure +ro) +4 "o e=% I" could al o no" be <#"h "he *a<n on d; +ro) d41 becau e #" <ould haBe checked "he 2h#"e k#n!1 nor could #" haBe Eu " )oBed +ro) d=1 becau e "he *ro)o"ed 2h#"e b# ho* could no" "hen haBe le+" "he 0uare eA on <h#ch #" *ro)o"edJ There+ore 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he *a<n on b;% I" could no" haBe Eu " co)e +ro) a4 & #nce #" ha neBer le+" #" +#le(1 nor +ro) b41 <here #" <ould haBe checked "he K#n!1 hence #" Eu " ca)e +ro) b=% There+ore 2h#"e can "ake h#) en .assant3 <h#ch )a"e 9lack% S#nce #" # 9lackI )oBe1 2h#"e # no" no< #n check1 hence "he 2h#"e k#n! doe no" "and on any o+ "he 0uare on "he d#a!onal be"<een "he 2h#"e b# ho* on h3 and "he 9lack k#n!% There+ore 9lack # #n check +ro) "he 2h#"e b# ho*% ObB#ou ly "he check <a d# coBered@#%e%1 o)e 2h#"e *#ece )oBed +ro) !71 +-1 e?1 or d;% I" could no" haBe been "he *a<n on h- +ro) !71 or el e "he 2h#"e b# ho* could no" haBe !o""en "o h3% Nor <a #" "he *a<n on !-% Nor could #" haBe been any o"her *#ece e:ce*" "he *a<n on d4 or "he 2h#"e k#n!% Su**o e #" <a "he *a<n on d4% Then #" could no" haBe co)e +ro) d;1 <here #" <ould haBe checked "he k#n!1 bu" #"
#*+
SOLUTIONS
could haBe co)e +ro) e; or c; and ca*"ured a *a<n on d; en .assant1 Ho<eBer1 #" could no" haBe co)e +ro) e;1 +or #" ul"#6 )a"ely ca)e +ro) c-1 hence <ould haBe )ade a" lea " "hree ca*6 "ure 1 and "he e1 "o!e"her <#"h "he "<o ca*"ure )ade by "he *a<n on !- and h-1 <ould "o"al +#Be1 <h#ch # one "oo )any1 #nce "he b# ho* +ro) +A <a ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare% Thu #+ "he *a<n on d4 )oBed la "1 ca*"ur#n! a *a<n en .assant3 #" ca)e +ro) c; and no" e;% 9e+ore "ha"1 "he ca*"ured 9lack *a<n Eu " ca)e +ro) d=1 #n"erce*"#n! check +ro) "he b# ho*% Ho< could 2h#"e haBe !#Ben "h# +#r " checkG Only by "he 2h#"e k#n! d# coBer#n! #"% &2e )#!h" re)ark "ha" "he #)*or"ance o+ ho<#n! "ha" "he 2h#"e *a<n ca)e +ro) c; ra"her "han e; # "h# L I+ "he *a<n had co)e +ro) e;1 #" could haBe d# coBered "he +#r " check by )oB#n! +ro) e?% 9u" on c;1 "h# # no" *o #ble%( 2e haBe "hu ho<n "ha" "he 2h#"e k#n! e#"her on "he la " )oBe1 or on "he )oBe #))ed#a"ely be+ore "ha"1 ha d# coBered "he check "o "he 9lack k#n! +ro) "he 2h#"e b# ho*% .ro) <h#ch o+ "he +our 0uare 1 d;1 e?1 +-1 or !71 could "he 2h#"e k#n! haBe co)eG ObB#ou ly no" +ro) d;% Al o no" +ro) e?1 +or #+ #" had1 "he b# ho* on d- <ould haBe had "o ca*"ure a *#ece #n order "o check "he k#n!1 <h#ch "o!e"her <#"h "he ca*"ure on a4 and !4 <ould "o"al "hree ca*"ure on <h#"e 0uare 1 <h#ch # no" *o #ble #nce "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho* # a)on! "he "hree )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece % There+ore "he 2h#"e k#n! d#d no" )oBe +ro) e?% I" al o d#d no" )oBe +ro) +-1 becau e #" <ould haBe been #n #)a!#nary check +ro) "he 0ueen and kn#!h"% There+ore #" )oBed +ro) !7% & I " )oBed ou" o+ check +ro) "he 0ueen and kn#!h"1 bu" "h# check <a no" #)a!#nary1 #nce 9lackI la " )oBe could haBe been@#ndeed1 )u " haBe been@a *a<n +ro) +7 ca*"ur#n! on e3 and *ro)o"#n! "o a kn#!h"%( Thu "he 2h#"e k#n! ha )oBed +ro) !7 and "and on a 0uare <h#ch # no" #n checkM "h# 0uare )u " be !3% Thu "he #nB# #ble 2h#"e k#n! "and on !3% Then kn#!h" "o +- )a"e 2h#"e #n one )oBe%
A DIS'LACED 9ISHO'
Clearly "he )# #n! 9lack *a<n couldnI" haBe been ca*"ured a" b-1 o #" *ro)o"ed% The *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n neBer cro ed "he 0uare d71 #nce "he 2h#"e k#n! ha no" )oBed1 hence "he *a<n )u " haBe +#r " !o""en "o e7 and "hen )ade a ca*"ure on d3 or +3% Th# )ean "ha" "he *ro)o"#n! *a<n ca)e +ro) e=1 +or #+ #" ca)e +ro) d=1 "hen #" )ade "<o ca*"ure and "he *a<n on d4 ca)e +ro) d= and )ade one ca*"ure% Th# "o"al "hree ca*"ure 1 bu"
#*)
SOLU T I ONS
2h#"e # )# #n! only "<o *#ece &a b# ho* and a *a<n( There+ore "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n ca)e +ro) e= and )ade a ca*"ure on d3 or +3% 2ha" d#d #" ca*"ureG Clearly no" a *a<n% And "he *a<n +ro) e7 couldnI" haBe *ro)o"ed1 becau e #" had no *#ece "o ca*6 "ure "o !e" o++ #" +#le and "he 9lack k#n! ha neBer )oBed There6 +ore "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n ca*"ured on d3 or +3 "he 2h#"e b# ho* "raBel#n! on <h#"e 0uare % Hence "he a)b#!uou ly *laced 2h#"e b# ho* )u " "raBel on black 0uare Hence #" # on a-
The only <ay "he 9lack k#n! could haBe e ca*ed +ro) h# ho)e 0uare eA # by ca "l#n! on "he k#n!I #de and "hen co)#n! ou" B#a h=% Th# )ean "ha" 9lackI la " )oBe <a no" <#"h "he *a<n a" h; +ro) e#"her h= or !41 becau e #" <ould "hen haBe he))ed #n "he 9lack k#n!% There+ore 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he k#n! co)#n! +ro) b-% I" Eu " )oBed ou" o+ check +ro) "he 2h#"e 0ueen Ho< d#d "he 0ueen !#Be "h# checkG No" by haB#n! )oBed +ro) c71d-1 or d;1 <here #" <ould haBe checked "he k#n!% The only *o #b#l#"y # "ha" "he 9lack k#n! ha Eu " ca*"ured a 2h#"e rook on a7 <h#ch *reB#ou ly )oBed +ro) c71 d# coBer#n! check +ro) "he 0ueen% So be+ore "he la " )oBe1 "here <a a 2h#"e rook on a7% No< #n a )o6 nochro)a"#c !a)e1 an or#!#nal 2h#"e rook can neBer !e" "o an eBen6nu)bered ro<1 #nce #" can )oBe +or<ard or back<ard only an eBen nu)ber o+ 0uare a" a "#)e% There+ore "he 2h#"e rook Eu " ca*"ured on a7 <a a *ro)o"ed rook1 <h#ch )ean a 2h#"e *a<n +ro) a <h#"e 0uare ha *ro)o"ed% .or a *a<n "o reach "he e#!h"h 0uare #n a )onochro)a"#c !a)e1 #" )u " )ake a )#n#6 )u) o+ +our ca*"ure &a u)#n! #" )oBe "<o 0uare on #" +#r " )oBe1 ra"her "han )ak#n! a ca*"ureM o"her<# e #" )u " )ake #: ca*"ure (% Ho<eBer1 #" could haBe ca*"ured only three *#ece on <h#"e 0uare 1 na)ely "he *a<n +ro) b= &e#"her #n #" or#!#nal +or)1 or "he *#ece "o <h#ch #" )ay haBe *ro)o"ed(1 "he b# ho* +ro) cA1 and "he rook +ro) aA% All o"her )# #n! 9lack *#ece are +ro) black 0uare &e:ce*"1 o+ cour e1 "he kn#!h" +ro) != bu" "h# neBer )oBed(% There+ore "he *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n )u " haBe ca*"ured a *#ece on a black 0uareJ The only <ay "h# can ha**en # by )ak#n! a ca*"ure en .assant1 More *ec#+#cally1 <ha" )u " haBe ha**ened <a "h# L The *ro6 )o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n ca)e +ro) a7 or c71 )oBed "<o 0uare on #" +#r " )oBe1 "hen ca*"ured a *#ece on b; and "hen )ade a ca*"ure en .assant on a4 or c41 "hen ano"her ca*"ure on b=1 and "hen #" +#nal ca*"ure on aA or cA%
#*(
SOLUTIONS
LADY ASHLEYIS 'RO9LEM
The only <ay "he 9lack k#n! could haBe e ca*ed +ro) eA # by ca "l#n! on "he k#n!I #de% No<1 unle "he k#n! ub e0uen"ly )oBed "o h=1 "he k#n!I rook <ould haBe been con+#ned "o dA and +A and couldnI" haBe !o""en ca*"ured1 +or <ha" could haBe ca*6 "ured #"G No" "he b# ho* +ro) c31 no" "he k#n! &<h#ch ha )oBed only "<#ce(1 no" "he rook +ro) a3 &<h#ch can )oBe only "o an odd6 nu)bered ro<(1 nor a *a<n on black 0uare & #nce all +our 2h#"e *a<n on black 0uare are "#ll on "he board(1 nor a *ro)o"ed *#ece on black 0uare % There+ore a+"er 9lack ca "led1 "he 9lack k#n! )oBed "o h=1 "he 9lack rook )oBed back "o hA1 "he k#n! "hen )oBed back "o !A1 and "he rook <a +ree "o e ca*e%
A LITTLE MYSTI.ICATION
Lord A hley a#d earl#er "ha" he and Lady A hley *layed only )o6 nochro)a"#c !a)e 1 and Hol)e could ee +ro) "h# *o #"#on "ha" #" had no" been a )onochro)a"#c !a)e1 and hence "ha" #" had no" been *layed by "he A hley % H# *roo+ # a cleBer one and n#cely co)b#ne )any +ea"ure "ha" <e haBe e:*er#enced #n "he *a " )o6 nochro)a"#c % The *roo+ run a +ollo< % Su**o e "he !a)e <a *layed )onochro)a"#cally% Then <e !e" "he +ollo<#n! con"rad#c"#on% The 9lack 0ueen1 be#n! on a <h#"e 0uare1 # obB#ou ly *ro)o"ed% The *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n ca)e +ro) d= or h= and )ade e#"her #: ca*"ure or +our ca*"ure 1 de6 *end#n! <he"her on #" +#r " )oBe #" )ade a ca*"ure or )oBed "<o 0uare % No<1 #" couldnI" haBe )ade #: ca*"ure becau e 2h#"e # )# #n! only "hree *#ece on <h#"e 0uare 1 and #" couldnI" haBe )ade )ore "han one ca*"ure en .assant o+ a *a<n on a black 0uare% So "he *ro)o"ed 9lack *a<n ha )ade +our ca*"ure % I" ha ca*"ured "he 0ueen1 k#n!I b# ho*1 a *a<n +ro) a black 0uare en .assant3 and e#"her "he *a<n +ro) a7 or "h# *a<n *ro)o"ed% The la""er <ould #ndeed be "he ca e1 +or "he +ollo<#n! rea on % The *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n d#d no" *ro)o"e on b3 or d31 hence #" *ro)o"ed on +3 or h3 B#a !7% No< "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) a7 could neBer haBe !o""en #n "he *a"h o+ "he 9lack *a<n +ro) h=% And #+ #" <a "he 9lack *a<n +ro) d= <h#ch *ro)o"ed1 #" +#r " )oBed "o d;1 and "hu )ade ca*"ure on e?1 +-1 and !71 o a!a#n "he 2h#"e *a<n could no" !e" #n #" *a"h% There+ore "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) a7 d#d *ro)o"e% The only )# #n! 9lack *#ece on <h#"e 0uare el#!#ble "o be ca*"ured by "he *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n +ro) a7 are "he 0ueenI rook1 0ueenI b# ho*1 and "he *a<n +ro) d=% Th# )ake only "hree *#ece % There+ore "he 2h#"e *a<n
#&,
SOLUTIONS
)ade only +our ca*"ure @one o+ "he) be#n! a ca*"ure en .assant o+ "he *a<n +ro) c=% Th# al o )ean 1 o+ cour e1 "ha" "he 2h#"e *a<n )oBed "<o 0uare on #" +#r " )oBe% And <e )#!h" no"e #n6 c#den"ally "ha" #nce "he *a<n +ro) d= <a ca*"ured by "he *a<n +ro) a71 #" <a "he *a<n +ro) h= "ha" d#d "he *ro)o"#n!% No<1 "he *a<n +ro) d= !o" ca*"ured on "he d#a!onal +ro) a? "o d=% I" could no" haBe )ade any ca*"ure & #nce all )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece on <h#"e 0uare haBe been ca*"ured by "he *a<n +ro) h=(1 hence #" !o" ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare d=% Hence "he b# ho* +ro) cA al o !o" ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare% Th# ra# e "he *roble) o+ <here "he 9lack rook +ro) aA !o" ca*"ured by "he *a<n +ro) a7% No" on cA or d= &a <e haBe Eu " een(% No" on c4 &+or "he 2h#"e *a<n )ade a ca*"ure en .assant on "ha" 0uare(% No" a? &+or "he *a<n )oBed +ro) a7 "o a?(% Th# leaBe only "he 0uare b;% 9u" "he rook +ro) aA could neBer !e" "o b; #n )onochro)a"#c che % There+ore "h# *o #"#on1 #n a )onochro)a"#c !a)e1 # #)*o #ble%
161
A ' ' E N D I F
III
SOLUTIONS TO
MORIARTY'S PROBLEMS
Ml
To ee <ha" "he *o #"#on <a +our )oBe a!o1 )oBe "he 9lack 0ueen "o e?1 "he kn#!h" on e3 "o +-1 "he 9lack b# ho* "o e31 and "he 2h#"e b# ho* on cA "o h-% The +ollo<#n! e0uence o+ )oBe brou!h" "he !a)e "o "he *re en" *o #"#onL & 3 ( b# ho* "o cA1 checkM &7( b# ho* "o h?1 checkM &-( kn#!h" "o e31 checkM &?( 0ueen "o !?% Th# # "he only <ay "he *re en" *o #"#on could haBe ar# en1 o 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he 0ueen +ro) e? "o !?% &Try any o"her la " )oBe1 and you <#ll +#nd #" #)*o #ble "o *lay back "hree )ore )oBe %(
M2
'u" "he 9lack *a<n on a=1 "he 9lack k#n! on !A1 re)oBe "he 2h#"e b# ho*1 and *u" a 2h#"e *a<n on d;M "h# <a "he *o #"#on +#Be )oBe a!o% The +ollo<#n! e0uence o+ )oBe brou!h" "he !a)e "o #" *re en" *o #"#onL
3 7 ? ;
White '6d4 '6d= '6dA R 9 96!; 96h4
Black K6hA '6a4 '6a; '6a?
M3
The only <ay "o aBo#d a re"ro!rade #n! "he 9lack k#n! on cA% 9lackI la dA1 2h#"eI )oBe be+ore "ha" <a 9lackI )oBe be+ore "ha" <a "o ca "ale)a"e +or 2h#"e # by *lac6 " )oBe <a <#"h "he rook +ro) <#"h h# k#n! +ro) !A1 and "le%
#&$
SOLUTIONS TO MORIARTY I S 'RO9LEMS
M4
2h#"e had or#!#nally only +#+"een *#ece #nclud#n! "he *a<n +ro) e7 &<h#ch <a no" !#Ben a odd (% E#"her #" <a "he *#ece ca*"ured on +4 or el e #" *ro)o"ed% 9u" "he *a<n couldnI" haBe been ca*6 "ured on +41 becau e #" <ould haBe "o haBe )ade a ca*"ure "o !e" "o "he +6+#le1 and be+ore "he 9lack *a<n )ade #" ca*"ure1 no )# 6 #n! 9lack *#ece could haBe !o""en ou" "o be ca*"ured% There+ore "he 2h#"e *a<n *ro)o"ed% I" couldnI" haBe *ro)o"ed un"#l after "he 9lack *a<n )ade #" ca*"ure1 hence an or#!#nal 2h#"e o++#cer <a ca*"ured on +4 and "he *ro)o"ed 2h#"e *#ece # no< on "he board% The *a<n *ro)o"ed on e#"her dA or +A and hence #" d#d no" *ro)o"e "o a rook becau e #" <ould haBe checked "he 9lack k#n!% I" d#d no" *ro)o"e "o a b# ho*1 #nce "he b# ho* on c3 # obB#ou ly or#!#nal and "he b# ho* on !7 # on a <h#"e 0uare% Hence #" *ro6 )o"ed "o a kn#!h"1 and "he "<o )# #n! or#!#nal 2h#"e *#ece are a kn#!h" and a 0ueen1 one o+ <h#ch <a !#Ben a odd and "he o"her ca*"ured on +4% S#nce "he 9lack k#n! ha neBer been #n check1 #" )u " haBe been "he 0ueen <h#ch <a ca*"ured on +4% There+ore 2h#"e !aBe 9lack odd o+ a kn#!h"%
M5
2ha" <a ca*"ured by "he *a<n on a4G No" "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho* &<h#ch "raBel on black 0uare (1 nor "he )# #n! 2h#"e *a<n1 #nce #" could no" haBe )ade enou!h ca*"ure "o !e" "here% Hence "he 2h#"e *a<n ha *ro)o"ed% No<1 <e are !#Ben "ha" all "he 2h#"e o++#cer on "he board are or#!#nal% So bo"h or#!#nal rook 1 bo"h or#!#nal kn#!h" 1 and "he or#!#nal 0ueen are *re en"1 hence <ere no" ca*"ured on a4% And1 o+ cour e1 "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho* <a no" ca*"ured on a4% There+ore #" <a "he .romoted 2h#"e *#ece <h#ch <a ca*"ured on a4% Hence "he *ro)o"#on o+ "he 2h#"e *a<n "ook *lace before "he ca*"ure on a4% Th# )ean "ha" *r#or "o "he *ro)o"#on1 "he *a<n on a4 <a "#ll on b=% The *ro)o"#n! 2h#"e *a<n obB#ou ly ca)e +ro) d7 &becau e had #" co)e +ro) e71 #" <ould haBe "o haBe )ade a" lea " "<o ca*6 "ure "o !e" "o "he c6+#le or !6+#le1 and "he *a<n on e? <ould haBe "o haBe )ade one1 and only "<o 9lack *#ece are )# #n!(% The *a<n +ro) d7 )ade one ca*"ure "o !e" "o "he c6+#le and "hen e#"her *ro6 )o"ed on cA or el e )ade an add#"#onal ca*"ure on bA &#" couldnI" haBe ca*"ured "he 9lack *a<n "hen on b=(% No<1 #+ #" *ro)o"ed on cA1 "hen & #nce "he *a<n on a4 <a a" "he "#)e on b=( "he or#!#nal
#&'
b# ho* +ro) cA could no" ye" haBe !o""en ou"1 hence <a ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare1 <h#ch )ean "ha" "he b# ho* on a? )u " be *ro)o"ed% On "he o"her hand1 u**o e "he 2h#"e *a<n *ro)o"ed on bA% Then #" )u " haBe )ade "<o ca*"ure % No< "he *a<n +ro) != could neBer haBe )ade enou!h ca*"ure "o !e" eBen "o "he c6 +#le1 hence #" )u " haBe *ro)o"ed% Thu re!ardle o+ <he"her "he 2h#"e *a<n *ro)o"ed on cA or bA1 "he 9lack *a<n +ro) != ha *ro)o"ed% I" )u " haBe ca*"ured "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho* on h7 <h#le "he *a<n on !- <a "#ll on !71 "hen #" *ro)o"ed on h3% Th# )ean "ha" "he rook on h3 )u " haBe been o)e<here el e <h#le "he *a<n on !- <a on !7 and "he ca*"ur#n! 9lack *a<n <a on h7% I" +ollo< "ha" "he rook on h3 )u " haBe )oBed B#a !31 hence "he kn#!h" on !3 )u " haBe )oBed% Thu "he kn#!h" on !3 ha )oBed1 <h#ch *roBe "he +#r " *ar" o+ "he *roble)% A +or "he econd *ar"1 u**o e "ha" #" # al o "he ca e "ha" "here are no *ro)o"ed 9lack *#ece on "he board% Then #n *ar"#cular1 "he b# ho* on a? # or#!#nal% Th# #)*l#e "ha" "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) d7 could no" haBe *ro)o"ed on cA1 hence *ro)o"ed on bA1 o "he kn#!h" on bA ha al o )oBed%
M6
The *#ece ca*"ured on b- by "he *a<n <a a 9lack rook% .or #" "o !e" ou"1 e#"her "he *a#r o+ *a<n on a4 and b4 or "he *a#r on d4 and e4 ha cro 6ca*"ured% 2h#cheBer *a#r d#d "he cro 6ca*"ur#n!1 "he +ollo<#n! )u " holdL On "he <h#"e 0uare &a4 or e4( <a ca*"ured "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* and on "he black 0uare &b4 or d4( <a ca*"ured "he )# #n! 2h#"e *a<n1 or el e "h# *a<n *ro)o"ed% No< "he )# #n! 2h#"e *a<n # +ro) a7 or c7% Al o #" ha neBer ca*"ured any *#ece "o !e" o++ #" +#le1 #nce "he only )# #n! 9lack *#ece ha been ca*"ured by "he *a<n on b-% Th# #)*l#e "ha" "he )# #n! 2h#"e *a<n # no" +ro) c71 #nce "he *a<n +ro) c7 could ne#"her !e" "o b4 or d4 nor *ro)o"e on "he c6+#le becau e o+ "he *a<n on c=% There+ore "he )# #n! 2h#"e *a<n # +ro) a7% A!a#n #" could no" haBe !o""en "o b4 &nor1 o+ cour e1 "o d4(1 hence #" *ro6 )o"ed% And1 o+ cour e1 #" *ro)o"ed on aA <#"hou" eBen haB#n! le+" "he a6+#le% Th# )ean "ha" "he *a#r o+ 9lack *a<n on a4 and b4 # "he one <h#ch d#d "he cro 6ca*"ur#n!% .ur"her)ore1 "he *a<n on b4 )ade #" ca*"ure <h#le "he *a<n on a4 <a "#ll on b=1 "hen "he 2h#"e *a<n !o" "o a= or aA and "hen "he 9lack *a<n +ro) b= )ade #" ca*"ure o+ "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* on a4% The #)*or"an" "h#n! no< # "ha" "he ca*"ure on b4 occurred before "he *ro)o6 "#on1 hence <a o+ an or#!#nal *#ece1 o "he *ro)o"ed 2h#"e *#ece # no< on "he board% 2ha" *#ece could #" beG No" a kn#!h"1 be6
#&*
SOLUTIONS TO MORIARTYIS 'RO9LEMS
cau e a *ro)o"ed kn#!h" could neBer haBe e ca*ed +ro) aA1 #nce "he *a<n on b4 <a "here before "he *ro)o"#on% No" a b# ho*1 be6 cau e "he 2h#"e b# ho* no< on "he board # on a black 0uare% No" a rook1 becau e #+ "he rook on a3 # *ro)o"ed "hen 2h#"e canI" ca "le1 and #+ "he rook on !3 # *ro)o"ed "hen "he 2h#"e k#n! )u " haBe )oBed "o le" #" #n1 and a!a#n 2h#"e canI" ca "le% There6 +ore "he *ro)o"ed *#ece )u " be "he 2h#"e 0ueen%
M7
Th# co)*le: olu"#on )ay be +ac#l#"a"ed by d#B#d#n! #" #n"o "e* L # A #de +ro) "he 9lack 0ueenI rook1 <h#ch !o" ca*"ured on a=1 aA1 or bA1 9lack # )# #n! "<o *#ece el#!#ble "o be ca*"ured on c- and h-% One o+ "he) # "he 0ueen or a kn#!h" and "he o"her # "he *a<n +ro) !=% No< "h# *a<n had no *#ece "o ca*"ure "o !e" ca*"ured a" c- or h- & #nce "he only )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece@ "he 0ueen@<a ca*"ured a" b4(1 hence "h# *a<n ha *ro6 )o"ed% Al o #" *ro)o"ed after "he ca*"ure on h- & #nce #" couldnI" !e" o++ #" +#le(% 7 The *ro)o"ed *a<n # e#"her no< on "he board or #" !o" ca*6 "ured a" c- or h-% I" couldnI" haBe been ca*"ured a" h- &becau e "h# ca*"ure occurred *r#or "o "he *ro)o"#on(% Hence #" # e#"her on "he board or <a ca*"ured a" c-% - In e#"her ca e1 "he *ro)o"ed *a<n d#d leaBe "he 0uare !3 &on <h#ch #" *ro)o"ed(% Hence #" could no" haBe *ro)o"ed "o a kn#!h"1 becau e "he *a<n on h- <a "here *r#or "o "he *ro)o6 "#on and "he kn#!h" couldnI" haBe e ca*ed <#"hou" check#n! "he 2h#"e k#n! and )ak#n! #" )oBe% Thu 9lack d#d no" *ro)o"e "o a kn#!h"% ? S#nce "he 2h#"e 0ueen <a ca*"ured a" b41 "he 2h#"e *a<n on c- )ade #" ca*"ure +#r " "o le" "he 2h#"e 0ueen ou"% There+ore "he ca*"ure on c- occurred *r#or "o "he ca*"ure a" b4% Th# )ean "ha" "he or#!#nal 9lack 0ueen could not haBe been ca*6 "ured a" c-1 #nce #" couldnI" haBe !o""en ou" "#ll a+"er "he ca*6 "ure a" b41 <h#ch #n "urn occurred a+"er "he ca*"ure a" c-% So e#"her "he or#!#nal 0ueen "and on c4 or #" !o" ca*"ured a" h-% U #n! "he e +ac" 1 <e can !o on a +ollo< L A Su**o e "he unkno<n on c4 # a kn#!h"% Then "he or#!#nal 9lack 0ueen !o" ca*"ured on h-% 9 Su**o e "he unkno<n # a *ro)o"ed 0ueen% Then "he or#!#nal 0ueen <a ca*"ured on h-1 o "he )# #n! kn#!h" <a ca*"ured on c-%
#&&
C Su**o e "he unkno<n # "he or#!#nal 0ueen% There are no< "<o *o #b#l#"#e L The *ro)o"ed 9lack *#ece # e#"her "#ll on "he board1 or el e #" <a ca*"ured on c- & ee S"e* 7(% I+ "he la""er1 "hen "he )# #n! kn#!h" <a ca*"ured on h-% Su**o e "he +or6 )er% Then "he *ro)o"ed *#ece # no" a kn#!h" & ee S"e* -(% I" # al o no" a rook1 #nce 9lack can ca "le% Hence #" )u " be "he b# ho* on !=% So "he or#!#nal 9lack k#n!I b# ho* )u " haBe been ca*"ured on c- or h-1 and #nce h- # no" *o #ble1 #" )u " haBe been on c-% Hence a!a#n #" <a "he kn#!h" "ha" <a ca*6 "ured on h-% To u))ar#/eL A I+ c4 # a kn#!h"1 "hen "he )# #n! 9lack 0ueen <a ca*"ured on h-% 9 I+ c4 # an or#!#nal 0ueen1 "he kn#!h" <a ca*"ured on h-% C I+ c4 # a *ro)o"ed 0ueen1 "he kn#!h" <a ca*"ured on c-%
M8
The 9lack 0ueenI kn#!h" )oBed bA6c46d?6+;% The *a<n on d4 ca)e +ro) c=1 ca*"ur#n! "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho*% The 9lack k#n!I b# ho* )u " haBe been ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare1 and "he 9lack 0ueenI rook <a ca*"ured a" +-% .or "he 9lack 0ueenI rook "o !e" ou"1 "he ca*"ure o+ "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho* a" d4 had "o haBe ha**ened% And be+ore "h# 1 "he *a<n a" d- had "o haBe )oBed "here "o le" ou" "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho*% There+ore "he *a<n a" d- and1 o+ cour e1 +- <ere "here be+ore "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* le+" #" ho)e 0uare +3% Al o "he *a<n on d; <a "here be6 +ore "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* )oBed & #nce "ha" <a 9lackI +#r " )oBe(% La "ly1 "he kn#!h" on +; <a "here be+ore "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* )oBed1 +or "he +ollo<#n! rea onL .or "he rook +ro) aA "o !e" "o +- "o be ca*"ured1 #" had "o "raBer e "he 0uare bA1 c41 and d?@"he Bery 0uare *reB#ou ly occu*#ed by "he kn#!h" on +;% The kn#!h" had "o )oBe ahead o+ "he rook1 o "o *eak1 hence reached +; be+ore "he rook reached +-1 <h#ch #n "urn <a be+ore "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* <a relea ed% There+ore1 <e haBe *roBed "ha" "he *#ece on d-1 d41 +41 and +- <ere all "here be+ore "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* )oBed1 and haBe been "here eBer #nce% Ho< "hen d#d "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* !e" +ro) +3 "o !?G Only by "he +ollo<#n! c#r6 cu#"ou rou"eL .#r " #" <en" "o e71 "hen d31 "hen on or B#a b-1 "hen on or B#a b; &B#a a? or c?(1 "hen on or B#a b= &B#a a4 or c4(1 "hen on cA1 e41 !A1 h=1 !41 h;1 and !?% Thu "he 0uare d31 cA1 and !A haBe all been "raBer ed by "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho*1 hence "he 2h#"e
#&+
0ueen1 9lack 0ueenI b# ho*1 and 9lack k#n!I kn#!h" haBe all )oBed% Thu "hree *#ece no< on "he#r ho)e 0uare haBe )oBed% Th# an <er "he +#r " 0ue "#on% The *a<n on h; )u " haBe been on h4 <hen "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* )oBed +ro) !4 "o h;% There+ore "h# *a<n ha )oBed "<#ce% I+ "he *a<n on h; <ere *laced back a" h41 "he *o #"#on <ould be #)*o #ble1 becau e "here <ould be no <ay +or "he 9lack k#n!I kn#!h" "o !e" back "o !A a+"er "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* *a ed "hrou!h1 #nce "he *a<n a" +4 and1 o+ cour e1 "he *a<n a" e= <ere already "here% In "he la " *ar" o+ "he *roble)1 "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* had "o +ollo< "he a)e *a"h a be+ore1 and #nce "he 9lack 0ueenI b# ho* d#dnI" )oBe un"#l "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* d#d1 "he add#"#onal con6 "ra#n" re0u#re "ha" "he 9lack 0ueenI b# ho* *recede "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* on #" "our1 o #" )u " no< be on h-%
M9
To be!#n <#"h1 "he b# ho* on a; )u " be *ro)o"ed1 #nce "he 9lack k#n!I b# ho* <a ca*"ured on #" ho)e 0uare +A &"he *a<n on e= and != haBe neBer )oBed(% Hence a 9lack *a<n ha *ro6 )o"ed% I" )u " haBe co)e +ro) += or h= and *ro)o"ed on "he black 0uare !3% A Su**o e "he *a<n on +7 # 2h#"e% Then 2h#"e # )# #n! "hree *#ece and 9lack # )# #n! "<o% No<1 "he *a<n on !- could no" haBe co)e +ro) h7 or "he b# ho* on a; neBer could haBe e ca*ed +ro) !3% So "he *a<n on !- # +ro) !71 and #" )oBed +ro) !7 only after "he 9lack b# ho* e ca*ed +ro) !3% There+ore "he 2h#"e *a<n <a al<ay on !7 be+ore "he 9lack *a<n *ro)o"ed% There6 +ore "he *ro)o"#n! 9lack *a<n could no" haBe co)e +ro) +=1 o #" ca)e +ro) h= and )ade #" ca*"ure on "he Bery 0uare !3% Thu "here haBe been ca*"ure on !3 and b41 bo"h black 0uare % The 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* <a no" ca*"ured on e#"her o+ "he e 0uare 1 hence "he 2h#"e 0ueenI b# ho* <a ca*"ured on one o+ "he) and "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h7 <a e#"her ca*"ured on "he o"her or el e #" *ro)o"ed% I" couldnI" haBe been ca*"ured on b4 or !31 hence #" *ro)o"ed% There+ore bo"h "he 9lack *a<n +ro) h= and "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h7 haBe *ro)o"ed% No<1 e#"her "he 2h#"e *a<n )ade "<o ca*"ure "o !e" around "he 9lack *a<n or "he 9lack *a<n )ade "<o ca*"ure "o !e" around "he 2h#"e *a<n and #n add#"#on )ade a "h#rd ca*"ure on !3% The la""er # #)*o #ble1 #nce "he e "hree ca*"ure "o!e"her <#"h "he ca*"ure on b4 are one "oo )any1
#&)
and "he +or)er # al o #)*o #ble1 #nce "he "<o ca*"ure "o!e"her <#"h "he ca*"ure o+ "he 9lack k#n!I b# ho* on +A are one "oo )any% There+ore "he a u)*"#on "ha" "he *a<n on +7 # 2h#"e lead "o a con"rad#c"#on% There+ore "he *a<n on +7 # 9lack% B S#nce "he *a<n on +7 # 9lack1 "hen 2h#"e # #n check1 hence "h# 9lack *a<n ha Eu " )oBed% No< u**o e "he 2h#"e kn#!h" # on +- ra"her "han +?% Then "he 9lack *a<n on +7 Eu " ca)e +ro) e-1 ca*"ur#n! a *#ece on +71 and #" )u " "hen haBe *reB#ou ly ca*6 "ured ano"her *#ece "o !e" +ro) += "o "he e6+#le% Hence "he 9lack *a<n on +7 ha )ade "<o ca*"ure 1 "he *a<n on b4 one1 and "he *ro)o"#n! *a<n +ro) h7 one &"hou!h *o #bly on !7 ra"her "han !31 #nce no< "he *ro)o"ed 9lack b# ho* could haBe le+" !3 B#a +7(% A" any ra"e1 "h# accoun" +or "he ca*"ure o+ all +our )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece 1 and "he *a<n +ro) h7 could no" haBe been ca*6 "ured a" !3 or !71 nor by "he *a<n +ro) +=1 hence )u " haBe *ro6 )o"ed% A!a#n <e haBe "he *roble) o+ ho< e#"her o+ "he *ro)o"#n! *a<n +ro) h7 and h= !o" *a " "he o"her% The 2h#"e *a<n +ro) h7 ha no" )ade any ca*"ure a" all & #nce 9lack no< ha +#+"een *#ece on "he board1 and "he 9lack k#n!I b# ho* <a ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare(1 hence #" could no" !e" *a " "he 9lack *a<n% So "he 9lack *a<n !o" *a " "he 2h#"e *a<n% E#"her #" )ade one ca*"ure on !71 <h#le "he 2h#"e *a<n <a "#ll a" h71 or #" )ade "<o ca*6 "ure "o !e" around "he 2h#"e *a<n o)e<here on "he h6+#le1 and "hen )ade ano"her one on !7 or !3% The e "hree1 "o!e"her <#"h "he ca*"ure on b41 and "he "<o ca*"ure by "he *a<n on +7 1 are "<o "oo )any% Hence "he +or)er hold @#%e%1 "he 9lack *a<n ca*"ured on !7 <h#le "he 2h#"e *a<n <a "#ll on h7% Hence "he 2h#"e *a<n on !- <a "here before "he 9lack *a<n *ro)o"ed "o a b# ho* on !3% Hence "he *ro)o"ed b# ho* on !3 )u " haBe e ca*ed "o a; B#a "he 0uare +7% Th# )ean "ha" "he 2h#"e *#ece Eu " ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n on +7 <a not a 2h#"e *a<n1 +or #+ #" <ere1 "he 9lack b# ho* +ro) !3 could neBer haBe e ca*edJ Th# no< ra# e "he +ollo<#n! *roble) <#"h "he 2h#"e *a<n or#!#nally +ro) +7L Th# *a<n ha )ade no ca*"ure & #nce "he only ca*"ure o+ a 9lack *#ece occurred on +A(1 hence #" <a no" ca*"ured by "he *a<n +ro) += on "he e6+#le1 nor on +7 &a <e haBe Eu " een(1 nor <a #" ca*6 "ured on b4 nor on !7 or !31 nor d#d #" *ro)o"e & #nce #" could no" haBe *a ed += <#"hou" )ak#n! "he 9lack k#n! )oBe(% So "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) +7 ne#"her *ro)o"ed nor <a a)on! "he +our )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece accoun"ed +or by "he +our ca*"ure )ade by "he *a<n +ro) a=1 +=1 and h=% Th# # #)*o #ble% Hence "he a 6 u)*"#on "ha" "he 2h#"e kn#!h" "and on +- lead "o a con"rad#c6 "#on% There+ore #" "and on +? &and no< "he <hole d#++#cul"y #
169
aBo#ded by "he +ac" "ha" "he *a<n on +7 could haBe co)e +ro) += <#"hou" )ak#n! any ca*"ure a" all(%
M10
Ye 1 2h#"e can )a"e #n "<o )oBe % .#r "1 <e )u " *roBe "ha" 9lack canno" ca "le% Ob erBe "ha" "he *a<n on !7 ca)e +ro) c= )ak#n! &a" lea "( +our ca*"ure % There+ore "he *a<n on !4 and h? haBe re *ec"#Bely co)e +ro) != and h=1 #nce #+ #" had been "he o"her <ay around1 "<o )ore ca*"ure <ould haBe had "o be )ade1 <h#ch are one "oo )any1 #nce 2h#"e # )# #n! only +#Be *#ece % There+ore 9lackI la " )oBe <a not <#"h "he *a<n on !4 co)#n! +ro) h=% So <ha" <a 9lackI la " )oBeG A u)#n! #" <a no" <#"h "he k#n! or rook &#n <h#ch ca e 9lack obB#ou ly canI" ca "le(1 #" )u " haBe been one o+ "he +ollo<#n! +ourL A The *a<n on !4 +ro) !=% 9 The *a<n on !7 +ro) !- 1 C The 0ueen on +A +ro) != witho5t )ak#n! a ca*"ure on +A &<h#ch #)*l#e "ha" "he 2h#"e rook ha *reB#ou ly ca*"ured a *#ece on !A #n order "o check 9lack(% D The 0ueen on +A +ro) !=1 bu" )ak#n! a ca*"ure on +A% 9e+ore "rea"#n! "he e ca e e*ara"ely1 o)e !eneral ob erBa"#on are #n order% One o+ "he +our 2h#"e *a<n on e?1 +-1 !;1 and h4 ha co)e +ro) d71 and "he +our *a<n haBe collec"#Bely ca*"ured +our 9lack *#ece % The +#+"h o+ "he #: )# #n! 9lack *#ece # "he b# ho* +ro) +A1 <h#ch !o" ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare &becau e o+ "he *a<n on b= and d=(% Hence ne#"her o+ "he "<o )# #n! 2h#"e *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 ha )ade )ore "han one ca*"ure% No<1 2h#"e # )# 6 #n! "he e "<o *a<n and "hree o++#cer % .our 2h#"e *#ece <ere ca*"ured by "he *a<n on !7 co)#n! +ro) c4% Ne#"her o+ "he "<o 2h#"e *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 could haBe been ca*"ured by "h# 9lack *a<n1 becau e eBen "he one +ro) b7 <ould haBe "o )ake a" lea " "<o ca*"ure "o !e" eBen a +ar r#!h" a "he d6+#le% There+ore a" lea " one o+ "he e "<o 2h#"e *a<n ha *ro)o"ed% So1 "he "<o "h#n! "o re)e)ber are "ha" a" lea " one o+ "he *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 ha *ro)o"edM and "ha" "he *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 haBe no" )ade )ore "han one ca*"ure be"<een "he)% No< <e re"urn "o "he +our ca e &A1 91 C1 D( o+ 9lackI la " *o #ble )oBe% A <#ll be een1 ca e A and C or" o+ belon! "o6 !e"her@a do ca e 9 and D% Le" u +#r " con #der *erha* "he #)*le " ca e@ca e C% In "h# ca e1 2h#"e ha on h# la " )oBe ca*"ured a 9lack *#ece on !A%
#+,
Th# )ean ano"her ca*"ure o+ a 9lack *#ece1 hence ne#"her *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 ha )ade any ca*"ure a" all% L#ke<# e1 #+ 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he *a<n on !4 +ro) != &ca e A(1 "hen "he 9lack k#n!I b# ho* <a ca*"ured on #" o<n 0uare1 <h#ch a!a#n )ean ano"her 9lack *#ece ca*"ured no" by one o+ "he +our 2h#"e *a<n on e?1 +-1 !;1 and h41 o a!a#n ne#"her o+ "he 2h#"e *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 had any *#ece "o ca*"ure% Thu 1 #n c#"her ca e A or ca e C1 ne#"her *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 ha )ade any ca*"ure% Ye" one o+ "he) *ro)o"ed% I" couldnI" haBe been "he one +ro) b7 &becau e o+ "he 9lack *a<n a" b=(1 hence #" <a "he one +ro) a7% So "he *a<n +ro) a7 *ro)o"ed <#"hou" )ak#n! any ca*"ure 1 hence )u " haBe *ro)o"ed on "he 9lack 0ueenI rookI 0uare aA1 hence "he rook ha )oBed1 o 9lack canI" ca "le% No<1 ca e 9 and D% Le" u +#r " con #der D% The 0ueen ha Eu " ca*"ured a White *#ece on +A% Th# 1 "o!e"her <#"h "he +our 2h#"e *#ece ca*"ured by "he *a<n on !71 accoun" +or all +#Be )# #n! 2h#"e *#ece 1 hence both *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 )u " haBe *ro6 )o"ed &"o *roB#de enou!h 2h#"e *#ece "o be ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n on !7(% L#ke<# e1 #+ 9lackI la " )oBe <a <#"h "he *a<n a" !7 +ro) !- &ca e 9(1 "hen "h# *a<n )ade all o+ #" +our ca*"ure on "he black 0uare on "he d#a!onal +ro) c4 "o !-M hence "he 2h#"e k#n!I b# ho* !o" ca*"ured e*ara"ely1 and o bo"h *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 had "o *ro)o"e &"o *roB#de o++#cer "o be ca*"ured by "he 9lack *a<n(% There+ore1 #n e#"her ca e 9 or ca e D1 both *a<n +ro) a7 and b7 haBe *ro)o"ed% Ye" "he "<o "o6 !e"her haBe )ade no )ore "han one ca*"ure% No< "he *a<n +ro) b7 had "o )ake a ca*"ure "o *ro)o"e1 hence "he one +ro) a7 )ade no ca*"ure1 hence *ro)o"ed on a31 o a!a#n "he 9lack 0ueenI rook ha )oBed% Th# *roBe "ha" 9lack canno" ca "le% 2h#"e no< )a"e #n "<o by *lay#n! 0ueen "o d4% I+ "he *a<n "ake "he 0ueen1 "hen 2h#"e )a"e by kn#!h" "o !=% I+ 9lack )oBe "he k#n! "o dA1 2h#"e )a"e by "he rook "ak#n! "he 0ueen on +A% I+ "he *a<n on e= )oBe "o e41 0ueen "o e= )a"e % I+ 9lack )ake any o"her )oBe1 2h#"e )a"e by "he 0ueen "ak#n! "he *a<n on e=%
171

The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes Hutchinson

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The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes Hutchinson

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The CHESS MYSTERIES

.#r " *ubl# hed 3CA5 D Ray)ond S)ullyan 3CA5

A Note for the Chess Detective xi

art !" SHERLOCK HOLMES at the CHESS9OARD

ANOTHER MONOCHROMATIC A HUESTION O. SUR8I8AL

'' ') *) &# +$ *#

A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION

K TO KNO2 THE 'AST K &)

art !!L MARSTONIS ISLAND )#

THE MYSTERY O. THE INDIAN CHESS SET

ANOTHER HUESTION O. LOCATION

HOLMES SETTLES A DIS'UTE

SOME CHILLIN, REMINISCENCES

#%% #%$ #%' #%(

A NOTE .OR THE CHESS DETECTI8E

A NOTE .OR THE CHESS DETECTI8E

A NOTE .OR THE CHESS DETECTI8E

2lka ark3 New 4ork Febr5ary #(+(

And "ha"I ho< Hol)e kne< <h#ch #de <a <h#chJ

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

MYSTERY O. THE MISSIN, 'IECE

YOU REALLY CANIT1 YOU KNO2J

YOU REALLY CANIT1

YOU REALLY CANIT1 YOU KNO2J

YOU REALLY CANIT1 YOU KNO2J

YOU REALLY CANIT1 YOU KNO2J

YOU REALLY CANIT1 YOU KNO2J

SIR RE,INALDIS JEST

a@2h#ch #de1 #+ e#"her1 can ca "leG

MYCR O.T I S ' RO9LE M

MYCRO .T I S ' RO 9LEM

A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION

A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION

A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION

A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION

A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION

A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION

A LITTLE HUESTION O. LOCATION

KTO KNO2 THE 'ASTK

TO KNO2 THE 'AST1 ONE MUST .IRST KNO2 THE .UTURE

I ITO KNO2 THE 'ASTI

I ITO KNO2 THE 'ASTI I

I ITO KNO2 THE 'ASTI

I ITO KNO2 THE 'ASTI

A STUDY IN IMA,INARY CHECKS

A STUDY IN IMA,INARY CHECKS

A STUDY IN IMA,INARY CHECKS

THE MYSTERY O. THE INDIAN CHESS SET

THE MYSTERY O. THE INDIAN CHESS SET

ANOTHER HUESTION O. LOCATION

HOLMES SETTLES A DIS'UTE

HOLMES SETTLES A DIS'UTE

HOLMES SETTLES A DIS'UTE

THE CASE O. THE DRO''ED 'A2N

THE CASE O. THE DRO''ED 'A2N

3?% Today Hol)e and I ca)e acro lo<#n! de er"ed !a)eL

'' ') ) &# +$ #