State, Describe, Explain.

As you go through the questions they require more detail and a better understanding of the topic. The number of marks available can also tell you what you need to include in the answer. Examples: 1. State the difference between a solid and a liquid with regards to their physical structure. (1 mark) A solid maintains its shape and a liquid takes the shape of its container (1).

2. Describe the difference between a solid and a liquid with regards to their physical structure. (2 marks) Particles in a solid are tightly packed and in a regular formation (1). In a liquid the particles are free flowing and can move around each other (1).

3. Explain the difference between a solid and a liquid with regards to their physical structure. (3 marks) Particles in a solid are tightly packed (1*), this is because of strong forces that hold the particles together (1). Particles in a liquid can move around each other (1*) because the forces that hold them together are weaker (1). *Either of these can be used, you do not have to include both descriptions.

Questions: Use the examples above to help you answer the following questions. 1. State the difference between a liquid and a gas. (1 mark) 2. State what initially happens to a solid when it is heated. (1 mark) 3. State the name of the process given to perfume travelling through a room. (1 mark) 4. State the name of the process of a gas turning into a liquid. (1 mark) 5. State what an indicator does. (1 mark) 6. Describe what happens to the particles in a solid when it is heated. (2 marks) 7. Describe what happens to the particles in Ribena when they are added to water. (2 marks) 8. Describe what happens when a solid turns into a liquid (2 marks) 9. Describe what happens to the pH when an acid is added to an alkali. (2 marks) 10. Describe the hazard symbol given to acids. (2 marks) 11. Explain why a liquid cannot be compressed but a gas can. (3 marks) 12. Explain why diffusion cannot happen in solids. (3 marks) 13. Explain what happens when a liquid turns into a gas. (3 marks)

All Most Some

14. Explain the reason for using Universal Indicator instead of Litmus. (3 marks) 15. Explain what is meant by neutralisation. (3 marks) Answers: Use the following mark scheme to help you mark and improve your answers. Firstly work out where you may have lost marks and then, in a different colour, add your improvement. 1. A liquid takes the shape of the bottom of its container and a liquid expands to fill the whole of the container (1). 2. A solid will expand when it is heated (1). 3. Perfume can travel across a room because of diffusion (1). 4. When a gas turns into a liquid it is called condensation (1). 5. An indicator tells us whether a substance is an acid or an alkali (1).

6. The particles in a solid gain thermal energy when heated (1), this causes them to vibrate more expanding the gaps between them (1). 7. When Ribena particles are added to water they mix together (1), this is called diffusion (1). 8. When a solid turns into a liquid it has melted (1), the particles have gained enough thermal energy so that they can move around each other (1). 9. When an acid is added to an alkali the pH gets lower (1), the solution will become acidic (1). 10. The hazard symbol given to acids is corrosive (1), this means it causes damage to living tissue (1).

11. A liquid cannot be compressed because its particles are tightly packed together (1). In a gas the particles are spread out (1) so there are gaps between them, which can be compressed (1). 12. Diffusion cannot happen in a solid because the particles cannot move around each other (1). In a liquid and a gas the particles are free flowing (1), which means the particles can mix together (1). 13. When a liquid turns into a gas it is called evaporation (1). This happens because the particles gain so much thermal energy (1) that the force holding them together are overcome (1). 14. Universal Indicator is more useful than Litmus because it gives us a range of colours (1*), this can tell us how strong or weak and acid or an alkali is (1). Litmus only has two colour changes (1*), it can only tell us whether the solution is acid, alkali or neutral (1). 15. Neutralisation occurs when an acid and alkali are added together (1) and make a salt (1) and water (1).

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