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Eclipse
Eclipse l IDE c cc lp trnh vin Java s dng nhiu nht trong mi trng chuyn nghip. t tc v hiu qu lp trnh cao nht, lp trnh vin cn tn dng cc kh nng ca IDE. Ti liu ny gii thiu 50 th thut cn thit nht khi lp trnh vi Eclipse. Source Code Editing 1. nh dng code thng xuyn trong khi code l mt thi quen tt. Trong khi lp trnh, bn c th nh dng code t ng bng Ctrl+Shift+F. Nu bn mun mt nh dng code ring, hy ty bin auto-format trong Windows > Preferences > Java > Code Style, tab Formatter. Ti y bn c th chn mt profile [built-in] hoc bm vo nt Edit sa profile ang chn. 2. Bn thng dng comment (ch thch) "kha" tm mt on code hoc uncomment (m ch thch) cho "chy" on code comment. Hy thm/xa comment bng cch dng: Ctrl+/ hoc Ctrl+Shift+C. 3. Bn c th xa nhanh mt dng bng t hp phm Ctrl+D. 4. Bn khng cn phi nhp cc dng import. Thay vo dng Ctrl+Shift+O import mt cch t ng. Tuy nhin, khi xy dng ng dng dng nhiu th vin, Eclipse s hin th hp thoi lit k danh sch cc th vin lin quan import cho tn lp ngay ti con tr. 5. Thao tc sao chp mt dng thng c s dng khi code. Bn khng cn copy -paste nh thng l, hy t con tr ti dng cn sao chp, dng Ctrl+Alt+ sao chp dng hin ti xung pha di (chc nng Copy Lines) hoc Ctrl+Alt+ sao chp dng hin ti ln pha trn (chc nng Duplicate Lines). C th ni dng dng Ctrl+Alt+J. 6. Tng t nh thao tc sao chp, di chuyn mt dng hoc mt khi, t con tr ti dng cn di chuyn hoc chn khi cn di chuyn, ri dng Alt+ di chuyn dng/khi xung pha di (hoc Alt+ di chuyn dng/khi ln pha trn). Nh vy, thay v thc hin copy ri paste sang v tr khc, ta sao chp khi (Ctrl+Alt+/) ri di chuyn khi va sao chp n ch mi (Alt+/). 7. Khi cn sao chp (copy & paste), di chuyn mt khi code ln, bn hy tn dng kh nng code folding. Click du [-] thu khi code li, nh vy khi code ch nm trn mt dng, d dng c chn sao chp. Dng Ctrl+- (Numpad) thu (collapse) thnh vin ca lp hin ti hoc Ctrl+/ (Numpad) thu tt c (collapse all). Ctrl++ (Numpad) m rng, v Ctrl+* (Numpad) m rng tt c. Dng Ctrl+Shift+/ di chuyn gia cc thnh vin ca lp (property v method). 8. Bn gi mt phng thc khng tham s. Bn nhp tn phng thc, theo sau l du (, Eclipse s t thm du ). Lc ny bn bm phm tab v cui dng ri nhp ;. Nu phng thc gi yu cu phi nhp tham s, dng phm tab di chuyn gia cc v tr tham s vi nhau. 9. Vo Window > Preferences > Java > Typing, ri chn Semicolons trong phn Automatically insert at correct position. By gi, nhp mt du ; ti v tr bt k trong dng code, Eclipse s chuyn du ; n cui dng code v t con tr bn phi du ; bn c th bt u mt dng mi. C th dng Ctrl+Enter chn mt dng pha di dng hin ti hoc Ctrl+Shift+Enter chn mt dng pha trn dng hin ti. 10. Bn gi mt phng thc. Bn nhp tn phng thc, theo sau l du (, Eclipse s t thm du ), nu bn mun xem danh sch cc tham s c th c ca phng thc , dng Ctrl+Shift+Space. 11. xem li, cnh bo hoc hint, di chuyn du nhy n v tr c bo li hoc cnh bo, dng Ctrl+1 (quick fix) hin th menu tt Quick Fix c nhiu gi hiu chnh li hoc cnh bo. Ngoi ra, c th t con tr mouse ln v tr li/cnh bo hoc click vo icon cnh bo bn tri hin th tooltip nu nguyn nhn ca li/cnh bo. 12. xem nhanh cc nh danh cn theo di, bn t con tr ln nh danh lm sng (highlight) tt c cc v tr ca chng trong phng thc. Hu ch nht l t con tr ln nh danh ti im tr v ca phng thc xc nh nhng thay i ca nh danh trc khi tr v. Tnh nng ny ch hot ng khi ta chn icon Toggle Mark Occurrences (Alt+Shift +O) trn toolbar. 13. Chn khi code lin quan gn nht bng Alt+Shift+ (Select Closing Element). Thu nh vng chn bng Alt+Shift+. Mt cch hay chn khi code l double-click ngay trc du ngoc m hoc ngay sau du ngoc ng ca khi code. 14. Source > Clean Up gip hiu chnh nhiu vn cng mt lc v gip thit lp mt phong cch code ph hp. V d: - Chuyn cc vng lp thnh vng lp tt hn nu c th. - nh du tt c cc phng thc c dn xut v vit li vi annotation @Override. - T chc li phn import. - nh dng li code. - Loi b code khng cn thit. 1

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Tuy nhin, Clean Up tht s hu ch nu thit lp nh mt hnh ng c thc hin khi lu code. Vo Window > Preferences, chn nhnh Java > Editor > Save Actions, chn Additional actions. Nhn nt Configure cu hnh nhng hnh ng s c thc hin khi lu code. Code Assist 15. Phm tt s dng rt nhiu, c bit hu dng, l Ctrl+Space c kh nng ngh tn y t cc k t ban u hoc gn ng, v d array[Ctrl+Space] s ngh Array, ArrayList, ... ISR[Ctrl+Space] s ngh InpustStreamReader (chc nng nhp cc k t tt ny gi l camel case matches, c thit lp mc nh). Phm tt Ctrl+Space cn ngh cc code template/snippet cho php vit nhanh cc khi code nh for, while, if. V d: for[Ctrl+Space], chn template thch hp, ri tin hnh sa template theo nhu cu. Bn hy tp vit while, if, theo cch ny. 16. Code assist, cn gi l content assist, thng thm code theo ch chn (insert) mc nh. Ngoi ra, cn ch vit (overwrite), cn khi chn nhm ngh v mun chn li. Nhn gi Ctrl khi chn ngh mi thm code vo theo ch vit . 17. Khi t tn cho nh danh, code assist ngh mt tn nh danh, suy t kiu d liu. V d: Student [Ctrl+Space], code assist ngh tn nh danh list hoc studentList. Thm ch, nhp mt k t u, code assist cng ngh tn c th. V d: StudentList a[Ctrl+Space], code assist ngh tn nh danh aList hoc aStudentList. 18. Sau khi la chn trong danh sch m code assist ngh, thay v dng phm Enter chn, hy dng phm ; chn du ; ngay sau phng thc c chn. Ch l code assist h tr import lun cho kiu mi s dng. 19. Code assist bng Ctrl+Space cng cho php sinh (generate) constructor hoc getter/setter cho tng thuc tnh ca lp. Nhng thm y , phi vo Source (Alt+Shift+S), chn Generate Constructor using Fields v Generate Getters and Setters 20. Mt cch dng code assist khc, gi l ch insert common prefixes, nhp mt phn t kha ri nhn nhiu ln Al+/ chn cc ngh xut hin xoay vng. 21. Code template l chc nng c bit thun tin trong Eclipse, cung cp cho tng loi ngn ng s dng (Java, HTML). Vit t tt v [Ctrl+Space], chn ri [Enter] hon chnh code. V d: main[Ctrl+Space Enter] cho public static void main, sysout[Ctrl+Space] cho System.out.println(), for[Ctrl+Space Enter] cho vng lp c bin m, fore[Ctrl+Space Enter] cho vng lp foreach, new[Ctrl+Space Enter] to i tng (rt thun tin), private [Ctrl+Space Enter] to phng thc private. Bn lun nn dng chn code template trc tip t View Templates nu m sn. Thm vo danh sch code template ny bng cch vo Window > Preferences > Java > Editor > Templates, nhn nt New 22. Phm tt Alt+Shift+Z cng rt hu dng, gi l phm tt "bc khi", cung cp nhiu h tr khi lm vic vi khi code (block editing) nh a khi code vo thn pht biu if, for, do-while, try-catch, Chn khi code, nhn Alt+Shift+Z ri chn s tng ng vi loi pht biu s bc khi code. 23. Ngc vi tc dng ca phm tt trn, loi b pht biu bc bn ngoi khi code, chn khi code k c pht biu bc ngoi, nhn Ctrl+1 ri chn Remove surrounding statement. 24. vit khi try-catch c vi cch. - Dng code template sau: try[Ctrl+Space Enter]. - Chn khi cn bao bi try-catch, Alt+Shift+Z ri chn Try/catch Block... (thng l s 6). - t con tr ln dng code ang bo li cn try-catch, Ctrl+1 ri chn Surround with try/catch. Refactoring 25. Phm tt Ctrl+1 c bit hu ch khi sa li, nhng cng rt hu ch khi cn kin trc li code. N cung cp mt danh sch rt nhiu hiu chnh cho code, ty theo ng cnh: Invert equals, Invert 'if' statement, Replace with getter/setter, Convert local variable to field, Extract to local variable, Convert 'switch' to 'if-else', Add cast to, 26. i khi bn mun gom mt on code vo mt phng thc, c th gi chng li t phng thc khc. iu ny thc hin d dng bng chc nng Extract Method. Chn on code cn gom vo phng thc, nhn Alt+Shift+M. Cch khc, chn on code, nhn Ctrl+1 v chn Extract to method. 27. Bn c th i tn nh danh hng lot bng chc nng Find/Replace (Ctrl+F), hoc Refactoring > Rename. Tuy nhin, nu mun i tn nh danh nhanh trong mt phng thc, thun tin nht bn nn dng tnh nng rename (Alt+Shift+R hoc Ctrl+2 R) i tn ti tt c cc v tr tham chiu n, thm ch trong mt class (file) khc. Navigation 28. Trong Eclipse, cc khi nim quan trng nht cn bit l Perspective, View v Editor. Mt Perspective cha nhiu View v Editor. - View: thng cung cp tnh nng xem v duyt cc thng tin ca project nh cu trc project (Package Explorer), cu trc lp (Outline), M cc View bng Window > Show View (Alt+Shift+Q). 2

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- Editor: ca s bin son mt thnh phn no c lit k trong View. Trong ca s bin son cc tp tin c m thnh tng tab. - Perspective: phi cnh lm vic, trong b tr cc View v Editor cho ph hp vi loi cng vic (code, debug, ). Mi ln thay i loi cng vic, cc View v Editor b tr li theo phi cnh mi. M cc Perspective bng Window > Open Perspective, hoc t cc icon gc phi toolbar. Nu ng mt s View ca Perspective, c th phc hi phi cnh bng Window > Reste Perspective Duyt qua cc View/Editor ang m v chuyn n View/Editor mong mun bng Ctrl+F7. 29. Nu bn cn m mt tp tin bt k, dng chc nng Go to File, phm tt Ctrl+Shift+R, nhp mt phn tn tp tin, chn theo danh sch gi bn di v nhn Enter. 30. Chuyn n ni khai bo mt tn nh danh, phng thc, nhn gi Ctrl tn nh danh, phng thc chuyn thnh link. Click ln link . Cch khc, khi con tr ang nm ngay tn nh danh, phng thc, nhn F3. Khi con tr mouse nm ngay trn li gi phng thc, nhn gi phm Shift xem m ngun ca phng thc. 31. Khi lm vic vi khi code, vic xc nh cp {} bao khi code l cn thit, t con tr sau du { hoc }, du cng cp s c nh du. Nu con tr ngay gia khi code, nhn Ctrl+Shift+P, con tr s chuyn ln ngay sau du {, nhn Ctrl+Shift+P ln na, con tr s chuyn xung ngay sau du } cng cp. 32. Bn c th nhanh chng truy cp cc View hoc Editor ang m, cc Perspective, Preferences v rt nhiu th khc. n gin nhn Ctrl+3 v nhp mt phn t kha, Eclipse s c gng tm th g ph hp vi t kha gi . Cch khc, nhp t kha vo Quick Access nm cui toolbar. 33. Bn mun chuyn nhanh qua li gia cc tp tin ang m trong Editor, dng Ctrl+PageUp/PageDown. Hoc bn dng Ctrl+E ri la chn tp tin cn xem trong ca s xut hin. Thun tin hn, duyt nhanh qua cc tp tin ang m trong Editor bng Ctrl+F6. 34. Bn c th n ngay v tr thay i ln cui trong tp tin thay i ln cui bng Crtl+Q. 35. Bookmark trong code gip bn chuyn nhanh n dng code cn quan tm. Bn thm/xa bookmark bng cch click ln ct xm bn tri dng code, chn Add Bookmark hoc Remove Bookmark. Truy cp bookmark c th trong danh sch cc bookmark, hin th trong View Bookmark (Window > Show View). 36. xem xt nhanh cc li, cnh bo, bookmark trong code hin hnh v nhy n ngay im , bn click vo cc vch mu (error stripe) trn ct cnh thanh trt bn phi. Ch ch th mu: (li), vng (cnh bo), xanh (bookmark). Cch khc, duyt nhanh qua cc li/cnh bo (warning) bng Ctrl+period (du chm). Khi con tr nhy n li/cnh bo, dng Ctrl+1 hiu chnh li. 37. Khi to mt ch thch (/**[Enter]) vi TODO, trnh bin dch to ra mt task tng ng gn (icon ti ct xm bn tri) nhc. Th TODO ny v cc th tng t c to v cu hnh ti Window > Preferences, chn nhnh Java > Compiler > Task Tags. Cc th ny c u tin khc nhau, th hin mc quan trng khc nhau ca task. Truy cp task c th trong danh sch cc task, hin th trong View Tasks (Window > Show View) 38. Bn cn xem khung (outline) ca m ngun, c th m View Outline hoc F4. Nhng nhanh nht l dng Ctrl+F3 hoc nhanh hn, dng Ctrl+O. Nhn Ctrl+O mt ln na xem cc thnh vin tha k c. 39. Tnh nng breadcrumb ca Eclipse l mt cch nhanh hn c thng tin v "ng dn" t project package class method. Bt tnh nng ny bng Alt+Shift+B hoc click icon Toggle Breadcrumb trn toolbar. Click ln tng du sau mi thnh phn trn "ng dn" ny ly thm thng tin chi tit. 40. Eclipse lu tr danh sch cc trang i qua, cc chnh sa trn mt trang. Dng Alt+/ duyt lui/ti trong danh sch ny. Workspace 41. Bn ang code trong mt Editor v cn m rng ti a kch thc ca s thm khng gian lm vic. Bn c th double click ln tiu ca ca s hin hnh. 42. chia (split) khng gian lm vic theo chiu ngang hoc dc, bn ko ca s st trn hoc st bn tri, khung xanh l xut hin ngh bn chia khng gian lm vic theo chiu ngang hoc dc, th mouse sau khi chn. 43. Bn m kh nhiu ca s, by gi cn ng nhanh chng khng gian lm vic thong. Nhp phi ln ca s cn gi li, chn Close Others hoc Close All (Ctrl+Shift+W) nu cn ng tt c li. Bn c th Bm Ctrl+W ch ng ca s lm vic hin hnh. 44. Editor qu nhiu tab hoc Project bn qu nhiu th hin th trong khi bn ch cn tp trung vo mt trong s . Click phi vo Project (hoc Package, Folder) v chn Go Into.

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Time Savers 45. Bn nn ln k hoch thuc dn cc phm tt, hy c gng thay th dn thi quen c, p mnh s dng cc phm tt ny cho n lc tr thnh thi quen. Sau mt thi gian p dng phm tt, tc code ca bn s tng ln ng k. Danh sch cc phm tt c th xem nhanh bng Ctrl+Shift+L. Dng t hp phm ny hai ln s m hp thoi dng thit lp cc phm tt. 46. Bn cn xem nhanh Javadoc ca mt phng thc, t con tr ngay tn phng thc hin th tooltip. Nhn F2 xem ton b vn bn. Nu vic xem Javadoc l thng xuyn, bn hy m thng trc View Javadoc: Window > Show View > Javadoc. Nu dng Shift+F2, Javadoc s m trong tab Browser. 47. thm cc Javadoc comment t ng cho lp, phng thc, nhp /**[Enter], hoc dng Alt+Shift+J. 48. Bn c th nhn bn project mt cch d dng bng chc nng Copy (Ctrl+C) v Paste (Ctrl+V) trong menu tt ca project. Cc lp cng c nhn bn bng cch tng t. Nu copy mt on code v paste (Ctrl+V) vo mt project, mt lp mi s c thm vo project cha on code . Miscellaneous 49. Khi bin son mt tp tin, Eclipse lu phin bn trc vo Local History, bn c th so snh cc bn lu ny vi bn hin hnh bng cch chn bn lu trong Refactor > History Truy cp Local History t menu tt ca tp tin hoc t View History. Dng cng c Compare With so snh cc bn lu vi nhau theo thi gian. Dng cng c Replace With quay tr v phin bn trc. Nu bn l xa mt tp tin trong project. Hy vo menu tt ca project, chn Restore from Local khi phc tp tin va b xa. 50. Mt s nhp (c icon nh, bn tri) trong cc hp thoi ca Eclipse cng h tr code assist, v d nhp Superclass ca hp thoi New Java class. Nhp mt phn t kha ri nhn Ctrl+Space c h tr. Cc nhp cng h tr con tr nhc thng minh (smart caret), vi chui nhp theo quy c Camel (vit hoa cc k t u mi t), Ctrl+/ nhy n ti/lui tng t, Ctrl+Shift+/ chn t sau/trc ( nhp t khc thay th) v Ctrl+Del xa t ngay sau con tr nhc.