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NetBeans
NetBeans l mt trong cc IDE c nhiu lp trnh vin Java la chn. t tc v hiu qu lp trnh cao nht, lp trnh vin cn tn dng cc kh nng ca IDE. Ti liu ny gii thiu 50 th thut cn thit khi lp trnh vi NetBeans. Source Code Editing 1. nh dng code thng xuyn trong khi code l mt thi quen tt. Trong khi lp trnh, bn c th nh dng code t ng bng Alt+Shift+F. Nu bn mun mt nh dng code ring, hy ty bin auto-format trong Tools > Options > Editor, tab Formatting. C th ty bin rt chi tit, v d bn mun ty bin cc dng trng trong code; chn Language l Java v Category l Blank Lines ri thc hin cc thit lp chi tit. 2. Bn thng dng comment (ch thch) "kha" tm mt on code khi cn. Hy thm/xa comment bng cch dng: Ctrl+Shift+C, hoc nhanh hn, dng Ctrl+/. 3. Bn khng nn cc dng trng khng cn thit trong code, xa nhanh dng trng bng Ctrl+E, hoc Shift+Delete. 4. Bn khng cn phi nhp cc dng import. Thay vo dng Ctrl+Shift+I import mt cch t ng. Tuy nhin, cn ch xem qua trc chc rng import c ngh l chnh xc, nht l khi xy dng ng dng dng nhiu th vin. Dng Alt+Shift+I chn import cho tn lp ngay ti con tr. 5. Thao tc sao chp mt dng hoc mt khi thng c s dng khi code. Bn khng cn copy-paste nh thng l, hy t con tr ti dng cn sao chp hoc chn khi cn sao chp, dng Ctrl+Shift+ sao chp dng/khi xung pha di (hoc Crtl+Shift+ sao chp ln pha trn). 6. di chuyn mt dng hoc mt khi, t con tr ti dng cn di chuyn hoc chn khi cn di chuyn, ri dng Alt+Shift+ di chuyn dng/khi xung pha di (hoc Alt+Shift+ di chuyn ln pha trn). Nh vy, thay v thc hin copy ri paste sang v tr khc, ta sao chp khi (Ctrl+Shift+) ri di chuyn khi va sao chp n ch mi (Alt+Shift+). Cc phm tt Alt+Shift+ hoc Alt+Shift+ cng di chuyn dng code sang tri hoc phi, nhng ch yu ging hng code. 7. Khi cn sao chp (copy & paste), di chuyn mt khi code ln, bn hy tn dng kh nng code folding. Click du khi code li, nh vy khi code ch nm trn mt dng, d dng c chn sao chp. thu

8. Bn gi mt phng thc khng tham s. Bn nhp tn phng thc, theo sau l du (, NetBeans s t thm du ). Lc ny bn nhp lun ; m khng phi v cui dng. 9. Nu phng thc gi yu cu phi nhp tham s, sau khi nhp tham s, con tr ang v tr no trong dng code. Dng Crtl+; chn mt du ; vo cui dng code. Hn na, nu bn dng Ctrl+Shift+; du ; s c chn vo cui dng v con tr bt u trn mt dng mi chn thm ngay di dng hin hnh. 10. Bn gi mt phng thc, nhp tn phng thc, theo sau l du (, NetBeans s t thm du ). Nu bn mun xem danh sch cc tham s c th c ca phng thc , dng Ctrl+P. 11. Li, cnh bo hoc hint th hin bng icon hoc icon trn ct bin tri, click vo s gip bn hiu nguyn nhn li, cnh bo v cch x l. T y ta c mt th thut hu dng: thay v click vo icon , dng Alt+Enter khi con tr ti dng ny. Trong ca s xut hin bn c th lm nhiu th, v d t ng khai bo cc bin cc b hoc cc trng ca lp, t ng p kiu, ... 12. xem nhanh cc nh danh cn theo di, bn t con tr ln nh danh lm sng (highlight) tt c cc v tr ca chng trong phng thc. Hu ch nht l t con tr ln nh danh ti im tr v ca phng thc xc nh nhng thay i ca nh danh trc khi tr v. Nhng nh danh khai bo m khng s dng s c ng ln sng mu xm pha di, gip bn kim sot c code ca mnh. 13. Chn nhanh mt khi code, t con tr ti v tr bt k trong vng chn, dng Alt+Shift+period (du chm) mt s ln, vng chn s m rng dn. Alt+Shift+comma (du phy) c tc dng ngc li, s thu nh vng chn. Nu mun chn khi bao bi du {} hoc (), t con tr sau du { hoc (, nhn Ctrl+Shift+[; t con tr trc { hoc ( bao lun {} hoc (). Code Completion 14. Mt phm tt s dng rt nhiu, c bit hu dng, l Ctrl+Space c kh nng ngh tn t cc t vit tt. V d bn nhp ISR[Ctrl+Space] s ngh InpustStreamReader. Phm tt Ctrl+Space cn ngh cc code template (c icon ) cho php vit nhanh cc khi code nh for, while, if. V d: for[Ctrl+Space], chn template thch hp, ri tin hnh sa template theo nhu cu. Bn hy tp vit while, if, theo cch ny. 15. Khi p dng code completion (Ctrl+Space), bn thng dng phm mi tn la chn trong danh sch ngh. Hy th dng Ctrl+K, t ngh u danh sch s c chn. Ctrl+K nhiu ln chn cc t ngh k tip. Trong Tools > Options > Editor, tab Code Completion, nn thit lp Case Sensitive Code Completion. 1

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16. Code completion thng thm code theo ch chn (insert) mc nh. Ngoi ra, cn ch vit (overwrite), cn khi chn nhm ngh v mun chn li. Nhn gi Ctrl khi chn ngh mi thm code vo theo ch vit . 17. Khi t tn cho nh danh, code completion ngh mt tn nh danh, suy t kiu d liu. V d: StudentList [Ctrl+Space], code completion ngh tn nh danh sl. Thm ch, nhp mt k t u, code completion cng ngh tn c th. V d: Student a[Ctrl+Space], code completion ngh tn nh danh aStudent. 18. Code completion bng Ctrl+Space cng cho php sinh (generate) constructors v getters/setters. Ctrl+Space ri chn constructor mun sinh trong danh sch xut hin (c ch generate bn phi). Ring getters/setters dng chc nng Insert code (Alt+Insert) th tt hn. Alt+Insert l phm tt c bit hu dng, c th gi l phm tt "sinh code". 19. Code template l chc nng c bit thun tin trong NetBeans. Vit t tt v [tab] hon chnh code. V d: psvm[tab] cho public static void main, psfi[tab] cho private static final int, sout[tab] cho System.out.println(), fore[tab] cho vng lp foreach, fori[tab] cho vng lp c bin m, newo[tab] to i tng (rt thun tin). Bn lun nn dng code template vit nhanh cc t kha nu c th: public, private, return, implements, extends. Cn hc t t danh sch code template, xem danh sch ny trong Tools > Options > Editor, tab Code Templates. 20. vit khi try-catch c hai cch. Dng code template sau: trycatch[tab]. Hoc chn khi cn bao bi try-catch, Alt+Enter ri chn Surround with try {... Refactoring 21. i khi bn mun gom mt on code vo mt phng thc, c th gi chng li t phng thc khc. iu ny thc hin d dng bng chc nng Introduce Method. Chn on code cn gom vo phng thc, nhn Alt+Shift+M. 22. Bn khng cn phi khai bo trc cc hng s. Vit hng s trc ri t chc li code bng cch t con tr ti hng s v nhn Alt+Shift+C. 23. Bn c th i tn nh danh hng lot bng chc nng Replace (Ctrl+H), hoc Refactoring > Rename. Tuy nhin, nu mun i tn nh danh hng lot v nhanh trong mt phng thc, thun tin nht l t con tr vo nh danh cn i, nhn Ctrl+R v nhp tn nh danh mi. Nu bn dng hp thoi Refactoring > Rename, click nt Preview xem cc khc bit, m bo rng n ging nh mong mun ca bn. Navigation 24. Mi khi lu code, History cha mt bn lu ca code, bn c th so snh cc bn lu ny vi bn hin hnh bng cch chn bn lu trong History. Nt History c trn toolbar (cnh nt Source) ca ca s cha tp tin . NetBeans dng cng c Diff so snh chng. 25. Nu bn cn m mt tp tin bt k, dng chc nng Go to File, phm tt Alt+Shift+O. 26. Chuyn n ni khai bo mt tn nh danh/phng thc, nhn gi Ctrl tn nh danh/phng thc chuyn thnh link. Click ln link . Ngoi ra bn c th dng Ctrl+B (xem khai bo) hoc Ctrl+Shift+B (xem source). Bn cng c th quay tr li bng phm tt Alt+ hoc icon . 27. Bn mun chuyn nhanh qua li gia cc tp tin ang m, dng Ctrl+PageUp/PageDown. Thun tin hn, bn dng Ctrl+Tab v la chn tp tin cn xem trong ca s xut hin. 28. Trong mt tp tin, bn c th n ngay v tr thay i ln cui bng Crtl+Q, hoc icon .

29. Bookmark trong code gip bn chuyn nhanh n dng code cn quan tm. Bn thm/xa bookmark bng Ctrl+Shift+M, di chuyn n bookmark bng cc icon , hoc dng Ctrl+Shift+period (du chm)/Ctrl+Shift+comma (du phy).

30. Cc phm tt sau, dng nhy nhanh n cc tab quan trng: Ctrl+number vi number 1: Projects, 2: Files, 4: Output, 5: Services, 7: Navigator. Mt ca s cng kh quan trng, v d Ctrl+Shift+8: Palette. 31. xem xt nhanh cc li, cnh bo, bookmark trong code hin hnh v nhy n ngay im , bn click vo cc vch mu (error stripe) trn ct cnh thanh trt bn phi. Ch ch th mu ca vch: (li), vng (cnh bo), tm (breakpoint), xm (bookmark). 32. Bn cn tm kim nhanh cc tn nh danh/phng thc, trong code hin hnh. Dng Ctrl+7 n ca s Navigator, nhp tn phng thc/trng cn tm. Nu cn xem nhnh dn xut ca lp hin ti, dng Alt+F12. Workspace 33. Bn mun m rng ti a NetBeans, dng: Alt+Shift+Enter. M rng thm cht na: View > Toolbars > Small Tollbar Icons. Nu cn loi lun toolbar ca ca s: click phi vo bin tri ca ca s, b chn Show Editor Toolbar trong menu tt. 2

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34. Bn ang code trong mt ca s v cn m rng ti a kch thc ca s thm khng gian lm vic. Bn c th doubleclick ln tiu ca ca s hin hnh. Tuy nhin, nhanh nht l dng Shift+Esc. 35. chia (split) khng gian lm vic theo chiu ngang hoc dc, bn ko ca s st trn hoc st bn tri, khung xut hin ngh bn chia khng gian lm vic theo chiu ngang hoc dc, th mouse sau khi chn. 36. Bn m kh nhiu ca s, by gi cn ng nhanh chng khng gian lm vic thong. Dng Ctrl+Shift+W hoc nhanh hn: gi phm Shift v click ln nt [x] ca mt ca s trong chng. Nu bn cn thao tc chi tit hn, dng Window > Documents (Shift+F4). 37. i khi bn mun thay i nhanh kch thc Font ca vng lm vic, trnh by hoc d xem code, dng: Atl+Scroll. Time Savers 38. Chc nng auto-scanning ca NetBeans lm mt nhiu thi gian ch i khi khi ng. Bn c th bt hot chc nng ny: vo Tools > Options > Miscellaneous, tab Files. B chn Enable auto-scanning of sources. 39. Cc phm tt khng th thuc ngay c. Bn nn ln k hoch thuc dn cc phm tt, hy c gng thay th dn thi quen c, p mnh s dng cc phm tt ny cho n lc tr thnh thi quen. Sau mt thi gian p dng phm tt, tc code ca bn s tng ln ng k. Danh sch cc phm tt ly t: Help > Keyboard Shortcuts Card. 40. Bn cn xem nhanh Javadoc ca mt phng thc, t con tr ngay tn phng thc ri nhn Ctrl+Shift+Space. Nu vic xem Javadoc l thng xuyn, bn hy m thng trc ca s Javadoc: Window > Other > Javadoc. 41. thm cc Javadoc comment t ng cho lp, phng thc, nhp /**[Enter]. 42. Bn c th nhn bn project mt cch d dng bng chc nng Copy trong menu tt ca project, khng cn dng phm tt v khng cn Paste. Cc lp cng c nhn bn bng Copy (Ctrl+C) v Paste (Ctrl+V) Miscellaneous 43. Nu bn dng thng xuyn mt thao tc, hy to phm tt cho n trong Tools > Options > Keymap. V d: gn phm tt Ctrl+CLOSE_BRACKET cho Project Properties trong Keymap, dng phm tt ny khi cn m Properties ca project hin hnh. 44. NetBeans ca bn gp s c? Bn khng nht thit phi ci t li NetBeans, ch cn xa th mc UserDir. Vi Windows 7: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\ v vi Windows XP: C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Application Data\NetBeans\7.3.1\). Thm ch, i khi bn ch cn xa /var/cache. Bn c th mt mt s plug-in nhng khi phc li chng rt d dng. 45. Bn l tay xa mt tp tin trong project? Hy vo menu tt ca project, chn History > Revert Deleted khi phc tp tin va b xa. 46. NetBeans dng chc nng Tools > Diff so snh hai tp tin. Khi so snh, bn ch mu ch th: Red (Delete), Green (Add), Blue (Modified). Hy cu hnh Diff b qua khong trng so snh hiu qu hn: vo Tools > Options > Miscellaneous, tab Diff v b chn: Ignore Changes In Inner Whitespace. 47. NetBeans dng Ant lm build-system, mun ty bin qu trnh build ca Netbeans bn cn bit dng Ant. V d, target Ant sau chnh LF trong code thnh CRLF, cho php xem code bng Notepad: <target name="fixCRLF"><fixcrlf srcdir="src" eol="crlf"/></target> vo build-impl.xml, chy target ny ring r vi Ant bng cch vo menu tt ca build.xml > Run Target v chn target fixCRLF ca ta. Bn cng c th to mt phm tt cho target ca Ant, click gin cy ti build.xml, chn target ri chn Create Shortcut trong menu tt. 48. Bn c th loi cc k t space tha trong code khi lu. Vo Tools > Options > Editor, tab On Save, phn Remove Trailing Whitespace From, chn All Lines hoc Modified Lines Only (ch p dng cho nhng dng c thay i). 49. Nu bn vit cc ng dng Web, kch thc mc nh ca tab (tnh bng Space, 4) c th lm bn kh theo di code. Vo Tools > Options > Editor > Formatting v t Number of Spaces per Indent li bng 2. 50. Nu bn chy server (Tomcat, JBoss) trong NetBeans, nn xa log (Ctrl+L) trc khi trin khai ng dng c th quan st li mi nht. C th xa cc tp tin log c ca Tomcat ti th mc <Catalina Base>/logs, xem ng dn n <Catalina Base> ti Tools > Servers.