Running Head: SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN

Argumentative Pa er: Leader!"i training in!ti##! t"at !u$$e!!%u# #eader!"i $&me! %r&m 'it"in LDS())* Pre!ented t& Dr+ M&u!!a##i Indiana Te$" ,- T"&ma! A+ Tit&ne ). A ri# *)1/

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN *

Abstract Su$$e!!%u# #eader!"i $&me! %r&m $"anging t"e 'a- &ne t"in0! a1&ut e& #e and &rgani2ati&n! 1- under!tanding it! &ne3! &'n er$e ti&n! '"i$" "ave t"e greate!t 1earing u &n !u$$e!!+ 4,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))78 F&rd 5 F&rd6 *))98 *))98 :&tter6 199.;+ Traditi&na# #eader!"i m&de#! and m&de! &% 1e"avi&r "ave 1een !ur a!!ed 1- t"e in!ig"t! avai#ed in t"e 1&d- &% 0n&'#edge r&vided 1- re!ear$"er!6 a$ademia and 1u!ine!! $&n!u#tant!+ Leader! mu!t re$eive training and edu$ati&n in #eader!"i in &rder t& "ave t"e t&&#! and !0i##! t& ta$0#e t"e 1readt" &% $&m #e<it- a!!&$iated 'it" e& #e and &rgani2ati&n! 4=i##e- et a#+6 *))9;+ T"e advantage! &% #eader!"i training and edu$ati&n %ar &ut'eig" t"e ri!0 a!!&$iated 'it" e< erien$e a#&ne and t"e &tentia# %&r %ai#ure 'it"&ut !u$" training+

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN /

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN > Outline I+ Intr&du$ti&n and Overvie' A+ T"e!i! Statement 1+ *+ /+ ,+ Rea!&n 1+ *+ II+ Su A+ ,+ C+ III+ Re!ear$"er and a$ademi$ data C&n!u#tant! E< erien$e Su$$e!!%u# #eader!"i $&me! %r&m 'it"in &ne!e#% Leader!"i training r&vide! under!tanding Ever- #eader !"&u#d ta0e a #eader!"i $&ur!e in &rder t& 1e a !u$$e!!%u# #eader

&rting eviden$e 'it" a$$&m an-ing 'arrant! Training r&vide! in!ig"t!6 %i##! ga ! and !trengt"! a1i#itie! W"at '&r0! and '"at d&e!n3t Leader!"i training !u &rt! #eader !u$$e!!

C&unter$#aim A+ ,+ C+ Pe& #e $an #earn t& #ead &n t"e ?&1 4$"an$e; Leader! are 1&rn n&t taug"t 4"ereditar-; Pe& #e need t& ?u!t &1e- 4 &'er &!iti&n;

I@+

Re1utta# A+ ,+ C+ C"an$e #earning in$rea!e ri!0 &% $&ntinued %ai#ure A #earned and "&ned !0i## #i0e an- &t"er Pe& #e need t& under!tand

@+

C&n$#u!i&n A+ ,+ Leader!"i i! interna# Training r&vide! & ti&n! and advantage!

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN A Introduction and Overview In &rder %&r #eader! t& "ave !u$$e!!6 t"e- %ir!t mu!t under!tand '"at i! ne$e!!ar- t& 1e$&me !u$$e!!%u#+ A %ir!t !te 6 in t"i! endeav&r t& !u$$e!!6 reBuire! #eader! t& under!tand t"e $"ange %&r im r&ved #eader!"i $&me! %r&m 'it"in &ne!e#%+ Leader! mu!t %ind t"e $"ange! 'it"in t"eir &'n t"&ug"t! in &rder t& &ut'ard#- e<"i1it t"e ne$e!!ar- #eader!"i !0i##! and attri1ute! 4A"n6 Adam!&n 5 D&rn1u!$"6 *))>8 ,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))78 ,ridge!6 5 Mit$"e##6 *)))8 F&rd 5 F&rd6 *))98 =i##e-6 M$Mi##an 5 =i##e-6 *))98 :&tter6 199.8 Li0er 5 H&!eu!6 *))78 M$=uire6 Pa#u!6 Pa!m&re6 5 R"&de!6 *))9;+ Re!ear$"er!6 a$ademia and 1u!ine!! $&n!u#tant! e! &u!e t"e 1a!i$ need %&r #eader! t& under!tand t"at #earning t& 1e a !u$$e!!%u# #eader reBuire! an under!tanding t"e &ne mu!t %ir!t $"ange &ne!e#%+ Leader! mu!t %ir!t $"ange t"e 'a- t"e- t"in0 in &rder t& 1etter under!tand and re! &nd !u$$e!!%u##- a! a #eader+ Leader!"i training and $&ur!e '&r0 %a$i#itate! a #eader! #earning e< erien$e+ T"ere%&re6 a## #eader! !"&u#d ta0e #eader!"i training t& under!tanding t"e $&n$e t t"at !u$$e!!%u# #eader!"i $&me! %r&m 'it"in &ne!e#%+ Evidence, Supports and Warrants Training r&vide! in!ig"t!6 %i##! ga ! and !trengt"! a #eader! a1i#itie!+ F&rd 5 F&rd 4*))9; d&$umented t"at &ne $an "ave 1etter re!u#t! %r&m va#ua1#e #earning and in!ig"t 1- a-ing attenti&n t& re!i!tive 1e"avi&r! &% &t"er! in!tead &% 1#aming &t"er! %&r #eader!"i %ai#ing!+ In%&rmati&n %r&m F&rd 5 F&rd 4*))9; i! u1#i!"ed in t"e Harvard ,u!ine!! Revie'6 '"i$" &riginate! %r&m an in!tituti&n &% "ig"er #earner '"ere e& #e re$eive training and edu$ati&n &n #eader!"i +

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN . Re!ear$"er! ! end time re!&ur$e! t& $&##e$t6 ana#-2e and deve#& $&n$#u!i&n! 1a!ed &n #eader!"i t& i$!+ In d&ing !&6 re!ear$"er! u1#i!" d&$ument! '"i$" $&ntain t"i! in%&rmati&n %&r $&n!um ti&n 1- &t"er!+ T"i! t- e &% re!ear$" i! r&vided in t"e %&rm &% 1&&0! and re!ear$" a er! t- i$a# u!ed in 1- "ig"er edu$ati&n6 $&n!u#tan$- training r&gram! and are a art &% t"e 1u!ine!! #iterature+ Stud-ing and #earning %&rm t"e!e 1&&0! "e# #eader! %i#ter t"r&ug" '"at '&r0! and '"at d&e!n3t+ F&r in!tan$e6 Li0er 5 H&!eu! 4*))7; revie'ed mu#ti #e a! e$t! &% t"e e& #e r&$e!! in T&-&ta3! Cu#ture+ T"eir '&r0 earmar0ed !t&rie! and "ig"#ig"ted t"e 1e!t a! e$t! &% t"e T&-&ta3! #eader!"i met"&d! t& get t"e 1e!t &ut &% e& #e+ In d&ing !&6 reader! and !tudent! &% #eader!"i $an $a ita#i2e &n t"e $&nden!ed #e!!&n! #earned %r&m !ea!&ned r&%e!!i&na#! and !u$$e!!%u# $&m anie! 'it"&ut "aving t& re!ear$" and #earn t"e #e!!&n! !&#e#- inde endent#-+ Re!ear$"er! "ave %&und t"at #eader!"i !u$$e!! $&me! in art %r&m $"anging t"e 'a#eader! t"in0 a1&ut "&' t"e- g& a1&ut #eader!"i re! &n!i1i#itie! 4A"n et a#+6 *))>8 =i##eet a#+6 *))9;+ Le!! !u$$e!!%u# #eader! #a$0 t"e !0i##! t& t"in0 di%%erent#- a1&ut e& #e6 !ituati&n! and $ir$um!tan$e!+ Edu$ati&n and training &n t"e !0i##! d&$umented 1re!ear$"er! $an "e# t& &ver$&me t"e!e 1arrier! F&r e<am #e8 !&me #eader! mi!ta0en#-

1e#ieve t"eir Bua#itie! a#&ne 'i## garner !u$$e!!+ W"en in %a$t6 #eader! mu!t 1e a1#e t& di!$ern t"e a1i#itie! and need! &% &t"er! t& !u &rt a !u$$e!!%u# #eader!"i endeav&r8 !u$"

a! in t"e $a!e '"en =enente$" Hemat&#&g- determine t"e need t& r&vide a varia1#e and %#e<i1#e !t-#e '"en n& &ne #eader!"i !t-#e '&u#d 1ring a1&ut !u!taina1#e $"ange 4A"n et a#+6 *))>;+ Out!ide &% #earning %r&m mi!ta0e!6 e& #e $an #earn !u$" #e!!&n! %r&m t"e a er &% re!ear$"er! '"& d&$ument t"e!e t- e! &% detai#! and in!ig"t!+

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN ( Counterclaim De! ite eviden$e 1- re!ear$"er!6 a$ademia and 1u!ine!! $&n!u#tant!6 !&me ma- !ti## !u1mit #eader!"i training i! n&t ne$e!!ar- %&r #eader!"i !u$$e!!+ Traditi&na##- !&me 1e#ieve e& #e are 1&rn #eader! &r $an #earn a! t"e- g&+ W"i#e &t"er ?u!t need t& 'ie#d t"e rig"t &'er t& #ead+ T"e!e a%&rementi&ned met"&d! &% in!ti##ing e& #e 'it" #eader!"i !0i##! "ave t&& 1een d&$umented+ Leader! $an %ind !u$$e!! u!ing natura# 1&rn !0i##! and ta#ent!+ :&tter 4199.; i##u!trate! "&' a vi!i&nar- $"ari!mati$ #eader guided a $&m an- t"r&ug" ma?&r $"ange+ Over t"e $&ur!e &% a %e' -ear!6 t"e #eader !a' ne' r&du$t! #aun$"ed and ma?&r reengineering a$tivitie! &$$urred t& turn "i! vi!i&n int& rea#it- 4:&tter6 199.;+ T"e!e t- e! &% re!u#t! dem&n!trate t"at #eader! $an uti#i2e in"erent $"ari!ma and vi!i&n in #ieu &% edu$ati&n &r training t& m&1i#i2e e& #e and an &rgani2ati&n+ Leader! gain a great dea# %r&m #earning a! t"e- g& and in turn $an a #- t"e!e #earned !0i##! in t"e '&r0 #a$e+ ,&#man 5 Dea# 4*))7; detai# t"e $u#tura# a! e$t! &% an &rgani2ati&n! ritua#! and $erem&n- a! #eader!"i attri1ute! '"i$" are #earned &n t"e ?&1+ Ne' $&mer! and %uture #eader! are initiated int& t"e gr&u 6 'it"&ut !u$" an &rgani2ati&na# $u#ture i! 'ea0 4,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))7;+ T"i! initiati&n t"en re are! %uture #eader! &% an &rgani2ati&n "&' t& #ead &t"er! %&r a !u$$e!!%u# and !u!taina1#e &rgani2ati&n+ Organi2ati&na# ritua# and initiati&n! are n&t avai#a1#e in t"e traditi&na# training &r $&ur!e'&r0 and mu!t 1e #earned &n t"e ?&1+ Even 'it"&ut natura# !0i##! &r &n t"e ?&1 training6 #eader! $an %ind !u$$e!! given en&ug" &'er &r aut"&rit-+ ,&#man 5 Dea# 4*))76 + *)1; i##u!trate! t"at &'er and &!iti&n! &% aut"&rit- r&vide #eader! t"e a1i#it- t& ma0e rati&na# de$i!i&n! a#igned 'it" &rgani2ati&na# &1?e$tive! t"en m&nit&r t"e &ut ut &% e& #e and r&$e!! t& en!ure &rgani2ati&na# !u$$e!!

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN 7 t&'ard! t"e &1?e$tive+ T"i! i! e! e$ia##- %&und in !tr&ng $entra#i2ed $&mmand and $&ntr&# !tru$ture !u$" a! in t"e $a!e &% %&rmer S&viet !tate! '"ere t"e $entra# #eader in t"e :rem#in 'ie#ded &'er and $&ntr&# 1- %&r$e 4,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))7;+ T"i! &'er and aut"&rit- r&vide! #eader! t"e needed a1i#it- t& drive !u$$e!!%u# &ut$&me in ! ite &% an- %&rma# training &r $&ur!e '&r0+ Rebuttal Re eated#- &ver t"e -ear!6 re!ear$"er!6 a$ademia and 1u!ine!! $&n!u#tant! "ave r&vided eviden$e t"e need %&r training6 edu$ati&n and 0n&'#edge &% #eader!"i !0i##! and a1i#itie!+ T"e eviden$e !"&'! t"at #eader!"i i! a #earned and "&ned !0i## #i0e an- &t"er 4:&tter6 199.;+ Furt"erm&re6 ur &!e%u# #eader!"i training e#iminate! t"e need t& "& e a #eader 'i## #earn &n t"e ?&1 '"at i! ne$e!!ar- t& !u$$eed 4,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))7;+ Fina##-6 !u$$e!!%u# #eader!"i !tem! %r&m t"e a1i#it- t& in%#uen$e e& #e6 event! and &ut$&me 1- "e# ing t"&!e 1eing #ed under!tand '"- t"e a$ti&n! and event! need t& ta0e #a$e 4A"n et a#+6 *))>8 ,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))78 F&rd 5 F&rd6 *))9;+ :&tter 4199.6 + 1**; %urt"er e< anded u &n t"e %ai#ure! &% a ver- vi!i&nar- and $"ari!mati$ #eader '"& guided a $&m an- t"r&ug" ma?&r $"ange+ A%ter a %e' -ear!6 t"e $"ari!ma and m&mentum &% driving a #&ng term vi!i&n %ai#ed+ Pe& #e 1egan t& Bue!ti&n and !&ug"t an!'er! &r eviden$e &% !u$$e!!+ T"e #&&!e $&a#iti&n &% !u &rt turned again!t t"e

$"ari!mati$ #eader 1e$au!e n& immediate !"&rt term 'in! "ad &$$urred t& !"&' an- 1ene%it t& t"e &rgani2ati&n+ T"i! $"ari!mati$ #eader '&u#d "ave %&und #&ng term !u$$e!! %r&m #eader!"i training t& under!tand t"e need t& $&ndu$t !"&rt term 'in! and 1ui#d a !tr&ng $&a#iti&n t& 'in &ver &r e!!entia##- !i#en$e t"e $riti$!+

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN 9 Pe& #e $an #earn a #&t %r&m e< erien$e+ H&'ever6 e& #e &%ten mi!! t"e $au!e and e%%e$t re#ati&n!"i &% t"eir &'n a$ti&n! due t& t"e $&m #e< nature &% &rgani2ati&n! 4,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))76 + />; T"ere%&re6 &n t"e ?&1 training #eave! t& $"an$e t"at a #eader 'i## #earn needed !0i##!8 '"i$" in turn ut! at ri!0 1&t" t"e #eader3! and t"e &rgani2ati&n3! !u$$e!!+ T& !u #ant t"i! ri!06

#eader!"i training r&vide! an individua# t"e a1i#it- t& $a ita#i2e &n t"e in!ig"t &% &t"er! '"& "ave made t"e $&nne$ti&n &% $au!e and e%%e$t&r t"&ug" e< erien$e &r re!ear$"+ True &'er6 a! it re#ate! t& !u$$e!!%u# #eader!"i 6 i! t"e a1i#it- t& engage e& #e in event! t& &1tain a ! e$i%i$ &ut$&me 1- "e# ing t"&!e 1eing #ed under!tand '"- t"e a$ti&n! and event! need t& ta0e #a$e 4,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))76 19.;+ S& irre! e$tive &% &'er and aut"&rit-6

e%%e$tive #eader! mu!t !tart 1- 0n&'ing t"e need t& '&r0 'it" &t"er! rat"er t"an re#- &n $&m un$ti&n &% t"&!e 1eing #ed t& rea$" a de!ired &ut$&me 4A"n et a#+6 *))>;+ T& d& !& a #eader mu!t te## %&##&'er! '"- t& !&#i$it t"eir de!ire t& %&##&' 4F&rd 5 F&rd6 *))98 :&tter6 199.;+ T"i!

0n&'#edge and !0i## t& engage e& #e $&me! %r&m $"anging &ne! t"&ug"t! and 1e"avi&r! t"r&ug" mu$" !tud- and re%#e$ti&n+ Wit"&ut !u$" inve!tment &% time in edu$ati&n and 0n&'#edge6 %ai#ure en!ue! 4A"n et a#+6 *))>;+ Conclusion Pe& #e mu!t %ir!t manage t"eir &'n t"&ug"t! and 1e"avi&r! in &rder t& %ind !u$$e!! a! a #eader 4F&rd 5 F&rd6 *))9;+ Under!tanding a## t"e !0i##! needed t& &ver$&me t"e it%a##! &% #eader!"i i! a daunting ta!0 even 'it" t"e 1ene%it &% in!ig"t %r&m &t"er!+ Wit"&ut t"e 1ene%it &% training and edu$ati&n %r&m e< erien$ed and 0n&'#edgea1#e e& #e6 #eader! #i0e#- %ai# due t& t"e &ver'"e#ming $&m #e<it- &% e& #e and &rgani2ati&n! 4,&#man 5 Dea#6 *))7;+ Pe& #e $reate !-!tem! and m&de#! t& under!tand t"e $&m #e<it-8 t"ere1- gaining an advantage in a #-ing t"e!e !-!tem! and m&de#! attem ting t& #ead+ T"i! 0n&'#edge $&me! %r&m $"anging &ne3! &'n

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN 1) t"&ug"t! t"r&ug" de#i1erate training and edu$ati&n '"i$" !erve t& $&m #ement a #eader3! e< erien$e! a! mean! %&r #eader!"i !u$$e!! 4=i##e- et a#+6 *))9;+

SUCCESFUL LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN 11 Re%eren$e! A"n6 M+ C+6 Adam!&n6 C+ S+6 5 D&rn1u!$"6 D+ 4*))>;+ Fr&m #eader! t& #eader!"i : Managing $"ange+ C&urna# &% Leader!"i 5 Organi2ati&na# Studie!6 1)4>;6 11*D1*/+ Ameri$an P!-$"&#&gi$a# A!!&$iati&n+ 4*)1);+ Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 4.t" ed+;+ Wa!"ingt&n6 DC: Ameri$an P!-$"&#&gi$a# A!!&$iati&n+ ,&#man6 L+=+6 5 Dea#6 T+E+ 4*))7;+ Re%raming &rgani2ati&n!: Arti!tr-6 $"&i$e and #eader!"i 4>t" ed+;+ San Fran$i!$&6 CA: C&!!e-D,a!!+ ,ridge!6 W+6 5 Mit$"e##6 S+ 4*)));+ Leading tran!iti&n: A ne' m&de# %&r $"ange+ Leader t& Leader6 1.4/;6 /)D.+ F&rd6 C+6 5 F&rd6 L+ 4*))9;+ De$&ding re!i!tan$e t& $"ange+ Harvard ,u!ine!! Revie'+ 99D1)*+ =i##e-6 A+6 M$Mi##an6 H+ S+6 5 =i##e-6 C+ W+ 4*))9;+ Organi2ati&na# $"ange and $"ara$teri!ti$! &% #eader!"i e%%e$tivene!!+ C&urna# &% #eader!"i 5 &rgani2ati&na# !tudie!6 1.41;6 /7D>(+ :&tter6 C+ P+ 4199.;+ Leading $"ange+ ,&!t&n: Harvard ,u!ine!! S$"&&#+ Li0er6 C+ :+6 5 H&!eu!6 M+ 4*))7;+ T&-&ta $u#ture+ M$=ra'DHi##+ M$=uire6 C+ ,+6 Pa#u!6 C+ C+6 Pa!m&re6 W+6 5 R"&de!6 =+ ,+ 4*))9;+ Tran!%&rming -&ur &rgani2ati&n+ =#&1a# Organi2ati&na# Deve#& ment W"ite Page Serie!+