Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server < Linux Home Networking

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Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server

From Linux Home Networking

Contents
!ntro"uction 2 #own$o%" %n" !nst%$$ The NTP P%ck%ge & The 'etc'nt()con* Fi$e 4 +%n%ging the nt(" Server , Testing -n" Trou.$eshooting NTP ,) /eri*0ing NTP is 1unning ,)2 #oing -n !niti%$ S0nchroni2%tion ,)& #etermining !* NTP !s S0nchroni2e" Pro(er$0 ,)4 3our Linux NTP c$ients c%nnot S0nchroni2e Pro(er$0 ,), Fe"or% Core 2 Fi$e Permissions 4 Con*iguring Cisco #evices To 5se -n NTP Server 4) Cisco !OS 4)2 C-TOS 6 NTP Securit0 6) Firew%$$s %n" NTP 6)2 NTP -uthentic%tion 7 Con*iguring - Win"ows NTP C$ient 8 Conc$usion

!ntro"uction
The Network Time Protoco$ 9NTP: is % (rotoco$ use" to he$( s0nchroni2e 0our Linux s0stem;s c$ock with %n %ccur%te time source) There %re th%t %$$ow the gener%$ (u.$ic to s0nchroni2e with them) The0 %re "ivi"e" into two t0(es:

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Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server < Linux Home Networking

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Str%tum : NTP sites using %n %tomic c$ock *or timing) Str%tum 2: NTP sites with s$ight$0 $ess %ccur%te time sources) !t is goo" (r%ctice to h%ve %t $e%st one server on 0our network .e the $oc%$ time server *or %$$ 0our other "evices) This m%kes the corre$%tion o* s0stem events on "i**erent s0stems much e%sier) !t %$so re"uces !nternet .%n"wi"th us%ge "ue to NTP tr%**ic %n" re"uces the nee" to m%n%ge *irew%$$ ru$es *or e%ch NTP c$ient on 0our network) Sometimes? not %$$ 0our servers wi$$ h%ve !nternet %ccess@ in such c%ses 0ou;$$ nee" % centr%$ server th%t %$$ c%n %ccess) For % $ist o* %v%i$%.$e Str%tum %n" 2 servers consu$t htt(:''www)nt()org'

#own$o%" %n" !nst%$$ The NTP

Other Linux Home Networking To(ics

P%ck%ge
+ost 1e"H%t %n" Fe"or% Linux so*tw%re (ro"ucts %re %v%i$%.$e in the 1P+ *orm%t) #own$o%"ing %n" inst%$$ing 1P+s isn;t h%r") !* 0ou nee" % re*resher? Ch%(ter 4? A!nst%$$ing Linux So*tw%reA? h%s %$$ the "et%i$s) When se%rching *or the *i$e? remem.er th%t the NTP 1P+;s *i$en%me usu%$$0 st%rts with the wor" nt( *o$$owe" .0 % version num.er %s in nt(<4) )2<,)i&74)r(m)

!ntro"uction to Networking Linux Networking Sim($e Network Trou.$eshooting Trou.$eshooting Linux with S0s$og !nst%$$ing Linux So*tw%re The Linux Coot Process Con*iguring the #HCP Server Linux 5sers %n" su"o Win"ows? Linux %n" S%m.% Sh%ring 1esources with S%m.% S%m.% Securit0 %n" Trou.$eshooting Linux Wire$ess Networking Linux Firew%$$s 5sing i(t%.$es Linux FTP Server Setu( Te$net? TFTP %n" xinet" Secure 1emote Logins %n" Fi$e Co(0ing Con*iguring #NS #0n%mic #NS The -(%che We. Server Con*iguring Linux +%i$ Servers +onitoring Server Per*orm%nce -"v%nce" +1TD For Linux The NTP Server Network<C%se" Linux !nst%$$%tion Linux So*tw%re 1-!# Ex(%n"ing #isk C%(%cit0 +%n%ging #isk 5s%ge with Quot%s 1emote #isk -ccess with NFS Con*iguring N!S Centr%$i2e" Logins 5sing L#-P %n" 1-#!5S Contro$$ing We. -ccess with SBui" +o"i*0ing the Ferne$ to !m(rove Per*orm%nce C%sic +0SQL Con*igur%tion

The 'etc'nt()con* Fi$e

The 'etc'nt()con* *i$e is the m%in con*igur%tion *i$e *or Linux NTP in which 0ou ($%ce the !P %""resses o* the str%tum %n" str%tum 2 servers 0ou w%nt to use) Here %re the ste(s to cre%te % con*igur%tion *i$e using % (%ir o* s%m($e !nternet<.%se" NTP servers: : First we s(eci*0 the servers 0ou;re intereste" in:
server server otherntp.server.org ntp.research.gov # A stratum 1 server at server.org # A stratum 2 server at research.gov

2: 1estrict the t0(e o* %ccess 0ou %$$ow these servers) !n this ex%m($e the servers %re not %$$owe" to mo"i*0 the run<time con*igur%tion or Buer0 0our Linux NTP server)
restrict otherntp.server.org restrict ntp.research.gov mask 255.255.255.255 nomodify notrap noquery mask 255.255.255.255 nomodify notrap noquery

The m%sk 2,,)2,,)2,,)2,, st%tement is re%$$0 % su.net m%sk $imiting %ccess to the sing$e !P %""ress o* the remote NTP servers) &: !* this server is %$so going to (rovi"e time *or other com(uters? such %s PCs? other Linux servers %n" networking "evices? then 0ou;$$ h%ve to "e*ine the networks *rom which this server wi$$ %cce(t NTP s0nchroni2%tion reBuests) 3ou "o so with % mo"i*ie" restrict st%tement removing the noBuer0 ke0wor" to %$$ow the network to Buer0 0our NTP server) The s0nt%x is:
restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap

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Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server < Linux Home Networking

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LHN Linux Forums < L%test Thre%"s

!n this c%se the m%sk st%tement h%s .een ex(%n"e" to inc$u"e %$$ 2,, (ossi.$e !P %""resses on the $oc%$ network) 4: We %$so w%nt to m%ke sure th%t $oc%$host 9the univers%$ !P %""ress use" to re*er to % Linux server itse$*: h%s *u$$ %ccess without %n0 restricting ke0wor"s:
restrict 127.0.0.1

Linux 9+int: c%n;t %ccess Fe"or% Server 9Linux < H%r"w%re? Networking G Securit0: ! h%ve % *resh Linux+int 95.untu v%ri%nt: inst%$$ on m0 $%(to(? %n" nee" to %ccess the music *i$es on m0 /ortex.ox %(($i%nce running Fe"or%) ! c%n))) Pro.$em with Cisco EHW!C<4ESD 9Dener%$ Ch%t: Hust won"ering i* the EHW!C<4ESD 951L .e use" in % Cisco 7>> router)! w%nt to %"" %t $e%st one))) 5.untu 2)>4 LTS Setting 5( Network .etween I('6 %n" 5.untu 2)>4LTS 9Linux < H%r"w%re? Networking G Securit0: i %m % -.so$ute New.ie %t Linux i wou$" $ike to h%ve it where the win"ows com(uters see %n" tr%ns*er *i$es with the $inux .ox %n" see %n" tr%ns*er))) Cisco C%t%$0st 284>I Ethernet Switch 9Dener%$ Ch%t: A! w%nt to .u0 C%t%$0st 284><I series switches $ike WS<C284>I< 24PS<L?WS<C284>I<24P#<L? .u0 !;m not ver0 we$$ know %.out c284>x series) C%n someone))) Linux v(n c$ient 9Linux < So*tw%re? -(($ic%tions G Progr%mming: Our com(%n0 h%s one v(n server?it is C!SCO28> 'F8 router) We c%n conntect it with cisco v(n too$s in win"ows m%chine)Cut %.out $inux c$ient? we h%ve))) Norih%n T%$i. HereJ 9Dener%$ Ch%t: He$$o Ever0one m0 n%me is Norih%n T%$i. i Koine" this *orum to m%ke new connections on *rien"s see 0ou %$$ on the .o%r"s Peni(u #r) O.%i" Cusit Leg%$ Consu$t%ntsJ new mem.er (ost)) 9Dener%$ Ch%t: He$$o to %$$ *orum mem.ers)))) ! %m #r) O.%i" Cusit new mem.er hereJ Ho(e ever0one is *ine %n" enKo0 .eing hereJ 1eg%r"s #r) O.%i" Cusit h%ni "%$B%mouni hereJ 9Dener%$ Ch%t: he$$o ever0.o"0J i %m h%ni "%$B%mouni))) i %m new to this *orum %nn" i %m h%((0 to Koin here to meet new *rien"s %n" to s%hre interests with 0ou))) Cest w%0 to know Cisco C%t%$0st 24<Port Network Switch WS<C284><24TC<L 9Linux < H%r"w%re? Networking G Securit0: Cisco 284><S switches %re the $e%"ing *ixe"< con*igur%tion L%0er 2 e"ge %ccess switches %n" 284><S most (orts %re DE)The C%t%$0st 284><S Series)))

,: S%ve the *i$e %n" rest%rt NTP *or these settings to t%ke e**ect) 3ou c%n now con*igure other Linux hosts on 0our network to s0nchroni2e with this new m%ster NTP server in % simi$%r *%shion)

+%n%ging the nt(" Server

+%n%ging the nt(" "%emon is e%s0 to "o? .ut the (roce"ure "i**ers .etween Linux "istri.utions) Here %re some things to kee( in min") ) First$0? "i**erent Linux "istri.utions use "i**erent "%emon m%n%gement s0stems) E%ch s0stem h%s its own set o* comm%n"s to "o simi$%r o(er%tions) The most common$0 use" "%emon m%n%gement s0stems %re S0s/ %n" S0stem") 2) Secon"$0? the "%emon n%me nee"s to .e known) !n this c%se the n%me o* the "%emon is nt(") nt(" -rme" with this in*orm%tion 0ou c%n know how to: ) St%rt 0our "%emons %utom%tic%$$0 on .ooting 2) Sto(? st%rt %n" rest%rt them $%ter on "uring trou.$eshooting or when % con*igur%tion *i$e ch%nge nee"s to .e %(($ie") For more "et%i$s on this? ($e%se t%ke % $ook %t the A+%n%ging #%emonsA section o* Ch%(ter 4 A!nst%$$ing Linux So*tw%reA Note: Note 1emem.er to con*igure 0our "%emon to st%rt %utom%tic%$$0 u(on 0our next re.oot)

Testing -n" Trou.$eshooting NTP

-*ter con*iguring %n" st%rting NTP? 0ou shou$" test it to m%ke sure it is working) Here %re some gui"e$ines 0ou c%n *o$$ow to get NTP working correct$0)

/eri*0ing NTP is 1unning

To test whether the NTP (rocess is running use the comm%n"
[root@bigboy tmp]# pgrep ntpd

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Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server < Linux Home Networking

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3ou shou$" get % res(onse o* ($%in o$" (rocess !# num.ers)

he$$o))1o.ert #i"i%n% here)) 9Dener%$ Ch%t: i%m g$%" to .e % (%rt o* this *orum it seems $ike % (rett0 coo$ communit0 th%t is r%n here %n" ! c%n te$$ there;s goo" %"ministr%tion Kust .0))) H%ck 1%*%e$ Doro"e2k0 +irsk0 new.ie hereJ 9Dener%$ Ch%t: +0 n%me is H%ck 1%*%e$ Doro"e2k0 %s 0ou c%n see i %m % new mem.er o* the *orum) ! %m intereste" to meet new $ike min"e" (eo($e Fin" reg%r"s?)))

#oing -n !niti%$ S0nchroni2%tion

!* the time on the $oc%$ server is ver0 "i**erent *rom th%t o* its (rim%r0 time server 0our NTP "%emon wi$$ eventu%$$0 termin%te itse$* $e%ving %n error mess%ge in the 'v%r'$og'mess%ges *i$e) 3ou shou$" run the nt("%te <u comm%n" to *orce 0our server to .ecome inst%nt$0 s0nchroni2e" with its NTP servers .e*ore st%rting the NTP "%emon *or the *irst time) The nt("%te comm%n" "oesn;t run continuous$0 in the .%ckgroun"? 0ou wi$$ sti$$ h%ve to run the nt(" "%emon to get continuous NTP u("%tes) T%ke % $ook %t some s%m($e out(ut o* the nt("%te comm%n" in which % server whose initi%$ time w%s set to mi"night? w%s correct$0 set to 7:>& %m) The "%te w%s origin%$$0 set to mi"night which w%s veri*ie" .0 using the "%te comm%n")
[root@smallfry tmp]# date Thu Aug 12 00:00:00 PDT 2004 [root@smallfry tmp]#

The nt("%te comm%n" is run three times to s0nchroni2e sm%$$*r0;s c$ock to server 82) 47) ) >>? .ut it must .e run whi$e the nt(" (rocess is sto((e") So 0ou;$$ h%ve to sto( nt("? run nt("%te %n" then st%rt nt(" %g%in)
[root@smallfry tmp]# systemctl stop ntpd.service [root@smallfry tmp]# ntpdate -u 192.168.1.100 Looking for host 192.168.1.100 and service ntp host found : bigboy.my-site.com 12 Aug 08:03:38 ntpdate[2472]: step time server 192.168.1.100 offset 28993.084943 sec [root@smallfry tmp]# ntpdate -u 192.168.1.100 Looking for host 192.168.1.100 and service ntp host found : bigboy.my-site.com 12 Aug 08:03:40 ntpdate[2472]: step time server 192.168.1.100 offset 2.467652 sec [root@smallfry tmp]# ntpdate -u 192.168.1.100 Looking for host 192.168.1.100 and service ntp host found : bigboy.my-site.com 12 Aug 08:03:42 ntpdate[2472]: step time server 192.168.1.100 offset 0.084943 sec [root@smallfry tmp]# systemctl start ntpd.service [root@smallfry tmp]#

The "%te is now correcte")

[root@smallfry tmp]# date Thu Aug 12 08:03:45 PDT 2004 [root@smallfry tmp]#

#etermining !* NTP !s S0nchroni2e" Pro(er$0

5se the nt(B comm%n" to see the servers with which 0ou %re s0nchroni2e") !t (rovi"e" 0ou with % $ist o* con*igure" time servers %n" the "e$%0? o**set %n" Kitter th%t 0our server is ex(eriencing with them) For correct s0nchroni2%tion? the "e$%0 %n" o**set v%$ues shou$" .e non<2ero %n" the Kitter v%$ue shou$" .e un"er >>)
[root@bigboy tmp]# ntpq -p

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Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server < Linux Home Networking

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Here is some s%m($e out(ut o* the comm%n":

remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== -jj.cs.umb.edu gandalf.sigmaso 3 u 95 1024 377 31.681 -18.549 1.572 milo.mcs.anl.go ntp0.mcs.anl.go 2 u 818 1024 125 41.993 -15.264 1.392 -mailer1.psc.edu ntp1.usno.navy. 2 u 972 1024 377 38.206 19.589 28.028 -dr-zaius.cs.wis ben.cs.wisc.edu 2 u 502 1024 357 55.098 3.979 0.333 +taylor.cs.wisc. ben.cs.wisc.edu 2 u 454 1024 347 54.127 3.379 0.047 -ntp0.cis.strath harris.cc.strat 3 u 507 1024 377 115.274 -5.025 1.642 *clock.via.net .GPS. 1 u 426 1024 377 107.424 -3.018 2.534 ntp1.conectiv.c 0.0.0.0 16 u - 1024 0 0.000 0.000 4000.00

3our Linux NTP c$ients c%nnot S0nchroni2e Pro(er$0

- te$$t%$e sign th%t 0ou h%ven;t got (ro(er s0nchroni2%tion is when %$$ the remote servers h%ve Kitter? "e$%0 %n" re%ch v%$ues o* >) !n some o$"er versions o* Fe"or%? the Kitter v%$ues wi$$ .e 4>>>)
remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================= LOCAL(0) LOCAL(0) 10 l 64 7 0.000 0.000 0.008 ntp-cup.externa 0.0.0.0 16 u 64 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 snvl-smtp1.trim 0.0.0.0 16 u 64 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 nist1.aol-ca.tr 0.0.0.0 16 u 64 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

This cou$" .e c%use" .0 the *o$$owing: O$"er versions o* the NTP (%ck%ge th%t "on;t work correct$0 i* 0ou use the #NS n%me *or the NTP servers) !n these c%ses 0ou wi$$ w%nt to use the %ctu%$ !P %""resses inste%") - *irew%$$ .$ocking %ccess to 0our Str%tum %n" 2 NTP servers) This cou$" .e $oc%te" on one o* the networks .etween the NTP server %n" its time source? or *irew%$$ so*tw%re such %s i(t%.$es cou$" .e running on the server itse$*) The notrust nomo"i*0 notr%( ke0wor"s %re (resent in the restrict st%tement *or the NTP c$ient) !n some versions o* the Fe"or% Core 2;s im($ement%tion o* NTP? c$ients wi$$ not .e %.$e to s0nchroni2e with % Fe"or% Core 2 time server un$ess the notrust nomo"i*0 notr%( ke0wor"s %re remove" *rom the NTP c$ient;s restrict st%tement) !n this ex%m($e the restrict st%tement h%s on$0 the c$ient network "e*ine" without %n0 ke0wor"s %n" the con*igur%tion $ine th%t works with other NTP versions h%s .een commente" out:
# -- CLIENT NETWORK ------#restrict 172.16.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 notrust nomodify notrap restrict 172.16.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0

Fe"or% Core 2 Fi$e Permissions

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Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server < Linux Home Networking

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-$$ the Fe"or%'1e"H%t NTP "%emons write tem(or%r0 *i$es to the 'etc'nt( "irector0) 5n*ortun%te$0? in Fe"or% Core 2? the (ermissions on this "irector0 "on;t %$$ow writing o* tem(or%r0 *i$es) !nste%" 0ou h%ve to set the grou( %n" owner o* the "irector0 to .e nt()
[root@bigboy tmp]# chown ntp:ntp /etc/ntp

!* 0ou "on;t? 0ou;$$ get errors $ike this in the 'v%r'$og'mess%ges *i$e)
Aug 12 00:29:45 smallfry ntpd[2097]: can't open /etc/ntp/drift.TEMP: Permission denied

Con*iguring Cisco #evices To 5se -n NTP Server

3ou c%n use NTP to s0nchroni2e time on % v%riet0 o* "evices inc$u"ing networking eBui(ment) ! h%ve inc$u"e" the necess%r0 NTP comm%n"s *or % v%riet0 o* Cisco S0stems (ro"ucts .ec%use it is one o* the most (o(u$%r m%nu*%cturers o* networking eBui(ment %n" wou$" *e%ture in the over%$$ %rchitectures o* m%n0 home o**ice'sm%$$ o**ice 9SOHO: environments %n" cor(or%te "e(%rtments)

Cisco !OS
To m%ke 0our router s0nchroni2e with NTP servers with !P %""resses 82) 47) ) >> %n" 82) 47) )2> ? use the comm%n"s:
ciscorouter> enable password: ********* ciscorouter# config t ciscorouter(config)# ntp update-calendar ciscorouter(config)# ntp server 192.168.1.100 ciscorouter(config)# ntp server 192.168.1.201 ciscorouter(config)# exit ciscorouter# wr mem

The nt( server comm%n" *orms % server %ssoci%tion with %nother s0stem? %n" nt( u("%te<c%$en"%r con*igures the s0stem to u("%te its h%r"w%re c$ock *rom the so*tw%re c$ock %t (erio"ic interv%$s)

C-TOS
To m%ke 0our router s0nchroni2e with NTP servers with !P %""resses 82) 47) ) >> %n" 82) 47) )2> ? use the comm%n"s:
ciscoswitch> enable password: ********* ciscoswitch# set ntp client enable ciscoswitch# ntp server 192.168.1.100 ciscoswitch# ntp server 192.168.1.201 ciscoswitch# exit

The nt( server comm%n" *orms % server %ssoci%tion with %nother s0stem? %n"

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Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server < Linux Home Networking

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set nt( c$ient en%.$e %ctiv%tes the NTP c$ient)

NTP Securit0
3ou shou$" %$w%0s .e %w%re o* how NTP c%n .e %**ecte" .0 0our network;s securit0 (o$ic0) Here %re some common %re%s o* concern)

Firew%$$s %n" NTP

NTP servers communic%te with one %nother using 5#P with % "estin%tion (ort o* 2&) 5n$ike most 5#P (rotoco$s? the source (ort isn;t % high (ort 9%.ove >2&:? .ut 2& %$so) 3ou;$$ h%ve to %$$ow 5#P tr%**ic on source'"estin%tion (ort 2& .etween 0our server %n" the Str%tum '2 server with which 0ou %re s0nchroni2ing) - s%m($e Linux i(t%.$es *irew%$$ scri(t sni((et is in -((en"ix !!? ACo"es? Scri(ts? %n" Con*igur%tionsA)

NTP -uthentic%tion
There m%0 .e c%ses where 0ou w%nt to not on$0 restrict NTP s0nchroni2%tion to s(eci*ic networks .ut %$so to reBuire % s0nchroni2%tion (%sswor") This is .e0on" the sco(e o* this .ook? .ut is covere" in "et%i$ %t the NTP we.site www)nt()org)

Con*iguring - Win"ows NTP C$ient

Win"ows c$ients th%t %re (%rt o* %n -ctive #irector0 "om%in %utom%tic%$$0 get their time s0nchroni2e" *rom the "om%in server) !* 0our c$ient is not (%rt o* % "om%in 0ou c%n %"" 0our new NTP server to 0our Win"ows c$ient) Here;s how: ) C$ick on the time %t the .ottom right h%n" si"e o* 0our screen) 2) C$ick on the A!nternet TimeA t%. o* the "i%$og .ox &) C$ick the check .ox $%.e$e" A-utom%tic%$$0 s0nchroni2e with %n !nternet time serverA %n" enter the n%me or !P %""ress in the .ox un"erne%th it) 4) C$ick on the A5("%te NowA .utton 3ou wi$$ get % mess%ge s%0ing A3our time h%s .een success*u$$0 s0nchroni2e"A when the o(er%tion is com($ete)

Conc$usion
!t is im(ort%nt th%t %$$ the s0stems un"er 0our contro$ h%ve the s%me %ccur%te time) !t c%n he$( to give % ver0 c$e%r in"ic%tion o* % ch%in o* events th%t invo$ve mu$ti($e "evices %n" it c%n %$so he$( in the s0nchroni2%tion o* time sensitive<tr%ns%ctions)

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Quick HOWTO : Ch24 : The NTP Server < Linux Home Networking

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H%ving %n NTP server on 0our $oc%$ network c%n m%ke this e%sier to "o) Sometimes it isn;t "esir%.$e *or %$$ 0our NTP c$ients to h%ve %ccess to the !nternet to s0nchroni2e with str%tum %n" 2 servers? even when the0 %$$ h%ve %ccess there is the risk o* them $osing s0nchroni2%tion i* the centr%$ connection to the !nternet is $ost) The m%inten%nce o* *irew%$$ ru$es *or mu$ti($e NTP connections to the !nternet c%n %$so .e "%unting es(eci%$$0 i* the m%n%gement o* the *irew%$$ is h%n"$e" .0 %nother grou() - $oc%$ NTP server c%n ensure th%t the c$ients %$$ h%ve the s%me time re$%tive to the server even when !nternet connectivit0 is tem(or%ri$0 $ost there.0 re"ucing the (ro.$ems o* them .eing out o* s0nchroni2%tion with e%ch other) The *irew%$$ ru$es c%n %$so .e gre%t$0 sim($i*ie") - $oc%$ NTP server is *reBuent$0 % goo" thing to h%ve *or these re%sons) 1etrieve" *rom Ahtt(:''www)$inuxhomenetworking)com 'wiki'in"ex)(h(Ltit$eMQuick=HOWTO=:=Ch24=:=The=NTP=ServerG o$"i"M4&48A

This (%ge w%s $%st mo"i*ie" on > -ugust 2> 2? %t >4:,4) Content is %v%i$%.$e un"er -ttri.ution<NonCommerci%$<No#erivs 2), )

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