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2nd and 3rd Lecture of Machine Elements 2 Ardi Noerpamoengkas, ST

Lubrications
Lubricants Classifications Lubrications Functions Forms of Lubrications Types of Journal Bearings Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations Lubrications Methods

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Lubricants Classifications
Liquid lubricants Semi-liquid lubricants Solid lubricants

Lubricants Classifications

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Lubricants Classifications

Lubrications Functions
Reducing wear Reducing power losses Carrying chips from metal erosion process

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Forms of Lubrications
Hydrodynamic lubrication Hydrostatic lubrication Elastohydrodynamic lubrication Boundary lubrication Solid-film lubrication

Types of Journal Bearings

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Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Radial clearance (c) Absolute viscosity () Kinematic viscosity (v) Absolute viscosity at Test Temperature (Z) Viscosity Index (%) Frictional torque (Tf) Load per projected area of journal (P)

Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Bearing characteristic number (S) Heat lost (H)

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Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Radial clearance (c) c = rb rj

rb = radius of bearing rj = radius of journal

Look at Fig 8 8.3. 3

Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Absolute viscosity/dynamic viscosity ()

reyn (English Sys), poise (Metric Sys)

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Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Kinematic viscosity (v)

v = kinematic viscosity (stokes) = absolute viscosity (poise) = mass density (kg/m3)

Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Absolute viscosity at test temperature (Z) in cp

S = Saybolt Universal Seconds t = Specific gravity at test temperature t = Spesific grafity at 60 deg Fahrenheit t = Test temperature (deg F)

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Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Viscosity Index (%)

L = Visc. of standard 0% VI at 100 F H = Visc. Visc of standard 100% VI at 100 F U = Visc. of unknown VI at 100 F Look at Table 8.1.

Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Frictional torque (Tf)

Tf = Frictional torque (lb.in) = Absolute viscosity (reyns) L=L Length bearing (in) th of fb i (i ) r = Journal radius (in) n = journal speed (rpm) h = radial clearance (in)

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Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Load per projected area of journal (P)

W = Journal load (lb) rj = Radius of journal (in) L = Length of journal (in)

Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Bearing characteristic number (S)

n = relative speed between journal and bearing (rps) P = Load per projected area of journal (psi)

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Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Bearing characteristic number (S)

n = relative speed between journal and bearing (rps) P = Load per projected area of journal (psi)

Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Viscosity-temperature chart for SAE numbered oils (Fig 8 8.13.) 13 ) Pressure variation around journal bearing (Fig 8.14.) Minimum film thickness variable (Fig 8.15.) Friction coefficient variable (Fig 8.16.) Lubricant flow variable (Fig 8.17.)

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Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Flow ratio (Fig 8.18) Temperature rise variable (Fig 8.19.)

Journal Bearings and Lubrication Formulations

Heat lost (H) in BTU/hr

C = heat transfer coefficient (BTU/(hr.ft2.F)) A = effective heat transfer area (ft2) tb = bearing housing temperature (deg F) ta = ambient air temperature (deg F)

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Lubrications Methods
Wick-feed oiler Drop-feed oiler Ring-oiled Splash-system oiled Pump oiled / pressure fed systems

Literation References
Deutschmann. 1975. Machine Design, theory and practice. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. Lansdown. Standard Handbook of Machine Design. McGraw-Hill Budynas-Nisbett. Shigleys Mechanical Engineering Design. McGraw-Hill

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