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CDC - DPDx - Malaria - Images

DPDx - Laboratory Identification of Parasitic Diseases of Public Health Concern


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Parasites A-Z Diagnostic Procedures Diagnostic Assistance raining About DPDx DPDx is an education resource designed for health !rofessionals and laboratory scientists" For an o#er#ie$ including !re#ention and control #isit $$$"cdc"go#%&alaria%"

'alaria
[Plasmodium falciparum] [Plasmodium knowlesi] [Plasmodium malariae] [Plasmodium ovale] [Plasmodium vivax] Parasite (iology I&age )allery Laboratory Diagnosis reat&ent Infor&ation Clic* on a grou! of i&ages to see larger i&ages and &ore infor&ation"

Plasmodium falciparum
+ing- for& tro!ho,oites of P. falc iparum in thic* and a thin blood s&ear" +ing-for& tro!ho,oites -rings. of Plasmodium falciparum are often thin and delicate, &easuring on a#erage /%0 the dia&eter of the red blood cell" +ings &ay !ossess one or t$o chro&atin dots" hey &ay be found on the !eri!hery of the +(C -accol1, a!!liqu1. and &ulti!ly-infected +(Cs are not unco&&on" +ing for&s &ay beco&e co&!act or !leo&or!hic de!ending on the quality of the blood or if there is a delay in &a*ing s&ears" here is usually no enlarge&ent of infected +(Cs"

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Fi gu re A: +i n gs of P. falciparum in a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re B: +i n gs of P. falciparum in a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re C: + in gs of P. falciparum i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear "

Fi gu re D: +i n gs of P. falciparum in a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re E: + in gs of P. falciparum i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear "

Fi gu re F: + in gs of P. falciparum i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear "

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Fi gu re G: +i n gs of P. falciparum in a th i n bl ood s& ear "

Fi gu re H: +i ngs of P. falciparum i n a th in bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re I: +i n gs of P. falciparum in a th i n bl ood s& ear "

Fi gu re J: +i ngs of P. falciparum i n a th in bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re K: +i n gs of P. falciparum in a th i n bl ood s& ear "

Fi gu re L: + in gs of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear" I& age cou rtesy of th e A ri ,ona 3tate Pu bl ic Heal th Laborator y "

Colla!se his )rou! +ing- for& tro!ho,oites of P. falc iparum in thin blood s&ears ex hibiting 'aurer2s clefts" 'aurer2s clefts can be seen in P. falciparum infections containing older ring-for& tro!ho,oites and asexual stages" 'aurer2s clefts rese&ble the 3ch4ffner2s dots seen in P. vivax and P. ovale, but are usually larger and &ore coarse" 5isuali,ation of these structures is de!endent on the quality of the s&ear !re!aration and the !H of the )ie&sa stain" Li*e 3ch4ffner2s dots, 'aurer2s clefts a!!ear to !lay a role in the &etabolic !ath$ays of the infected +(Cs"

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Fi gu re A: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi tes of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear, exh i bi ti n g 'au rer 2s cl efts"

Fi gu re B: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi tes of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear, exh i bi ti n g 'au rer 2s cl efts"

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Fi gu re C: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oites of P. falciparum i n a th in bl ood s& ear , exh ibi tin g 'au rer2s cl efts"

Fi gu re D: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi tes of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear, exh i bi ti n g 'au rer 2s cl efts"

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Fi gu re E: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oites of P. falciparum i n a th in bl ood s& ear , exh ibi tin g 'au rer2s cl efts"

Fi gu re F: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oites of P. falciparum i n a th in bl ood s& ear , exh ibi tin g 'au rer2s cl efts"

Colla!se his )rou! De# elo!ing and older tro!ho,oites of P. falc iparum in thic* and a thin blood s&ear" De#elo!ing tro!ho,oites of P. falciparum tend to re&ain in ring for&, but &ay beco&e thic*er and &ore co&!act" he a&ount of !ig&ent and chro&atin &ay also increase" Co&!act or a&oeboid for&s &ay be seen in s&ears $here there $as a delay in !rocessing the blood"

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Fi gu re A: ro!h o,oi tes of P. falciparum i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear "

Fi gu re B: ro!h o,oi te of P. falciparum in a th in bl ood s& ear "

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Fi gu re C: r o!h o,oi te of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re D: ro!h o,oi te of P. falciparum in a th in bl ood s& ear " In th i s fi gu re, a ga& etocy te can al so be seen i n th e u !!er h al f of th e i & age"

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Fi gu re E: r o!h o,oi tes of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re F: r o!h o,oi tes of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Colla!se his )rou! )a&etocy tes of P. falc iparum in thic* and a thin blood s&ear" )a&etocytes of Plasmodium falciparum are crescent- or sausage-sha!ed, and are usually about /"0 ti&es the dia&eter of an +(C in length" he cyto!las& of the &acroga&etocytes -fe&ale. are usually a dar*er, dee!er blue6 the cyto!las& of the &icroga&etocytes -&ale. is usually &ore !ale" he red chro&atin and !ig&ent is &ore coarse and concentrated in the &acroga&etocytes than the &icroga&etocytes" 3o&eti&es in thin blood s&ears, the re&nants of the host +(C can be seen6 this is often referred to as La#eran2s bib"

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Fi gu re A: )a& etocy te of P. falciparum in a th ic* bl ood s& ear" 7 ote al so th e !resen ce of & any ri ng-for& tro!h o,oi tes"

Fi gu re B: )a& etocy tes of P. falciparum i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear " 7 ote al so th e !resen ce of & an y ri n g-for & tro!h o,oi tes"

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Fi gu re C: )a& etocy tes of P. falciparum i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re D: )a& etocy te of P. falciparum in a th in bl ood s& ear " A l so seen in th is i & age are ri n g-for & tro!h o,oi tes and an +(C exh ibi tin g baso!h i l ic sti !!l i ng -u !!er l eft."

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Fi gu re E: )a& etocy te of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear" A l so seen i n th i s i & age ar e r in g-for& tro!h o,oites exh i biti ng 'au r er2s cl efts"

Fi gu re F: )a& etocy te of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear" In th ese s!eci & en s, La# eran 2s bibs can be seen"

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Fi gu re G: )a& etocy tes of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear" In th ese s!eci& en s, La# eran 2s bibs can be seen"

Fi gu re H: )a& etocy te of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear, sh o$i n g La# eran 2s bi b" A l so seen i n th i s i & age are ri n g-for & tr o!h o,oi tes exh i biti ng 'au r er2s cl efts"

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Fi gu re I: )a& etocy tes of P. falciparum i n a th i n bl ood s& ear" h e ga& etocy te i n th e u !!er r igh t i s u n dergoi n g exfl agel l ati on , a !r ocess th at n or& al l y occu r s i n th e & i d-gu t of th e & osqu ito h ost" Ho$e# er, i t & ay be obser # ed i n h u & an bl ood s!eci & en s $h en th er e i s a del ay i n !rocessi ng th e bl ood"

Colla!se his )rou! 3chi,onts of P. falc iparum in a thin blood s&ear" 3chi,onts are rarely seen in !eri!heral blood of Plasmodium falciparum infections, exce!t in se#ere cases" 8hen seen, schi,onts contain any$here fro& 9-:; &ero,oites" A &ature schi,ont usually fills about :%< of the infected +(C"

Fi gu re A: 3ch i ,on t of P. falciparum i n a th in bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re B: 3ch i ,on t of P. falciparum i n a th in bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re C: 3ch i ,on t of P. falciparum in a th i n bl ood s& ear " ro!h o,oi tes are al so seen i n th i s i & age"

Colla!se his )rou!

Plasmodium knowlesi
+ing- for& tro!ho,oites of P. k now lesi in a thin blood s&ear" =arly ring-for& tro!ho,oites -rings. of P. knowlesi are si&ilar to P. falciparum, as rings &ay sho$ double chro&atin dots" A!!liqu1 for&s &ay a!!ear, as $ell as rectangular rings harboring one or &ore accessory chro&atin dots" +ed blood cells &ay also be &ulti!ly-infected" 8hen full-gro$n, non-a&oeboid rings &ay occu!y half or &ore of the host +(C"

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Fi gu re A: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi tes of P. knowle si in a )i e& sa-stai ned th i n bl ood s& ear fro& a h u & an !ati en t th at tra# el ed to th e Ph i l i!!i n es" 7 ote a & u l ti!l y -in fected + (C in th is i & age" I& age cou rtesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter, 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!ar t& en t of Heal th "

Fi gu re B: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. knowle si i n a )i e& sa-stain ed th i n bl ood s& ear fro& a h u & an !ati en t th at tra# el ed to th e Ph i l i !!i nes" I& age cou r tesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter, 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!art& ent of Heal th "

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Fi gu re C: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oites of P. knowle si i n a )ie& sa-stai n ed th in bl ood s& ear fr o& a h u & an !atient th at tr a# el ed to th e Ph il i !!in es" 7 ote a & u l ti!l y -in fected + (C in th is i & age" I& age cou rtesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter, 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!ar t& en t of Heal th "

Fi gu re D: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi tes of P. knowle si in a )i e& sa-stai ned th i n bl ood s& ear fro& a h u & an !ati en t th at tra# el ed to th e Ph i l i!!i n es" I& age cou r tesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter, 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!art& ent of Heal th "

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Fi gu re E: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oites of P. knowle si i n a )ie& sa-stai n ed th in bl ood s& ear fr o& a h u & an !atient th at tr a# el ed to th e Ph il i !!in es" I& age cou r tesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter, 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!art& ent of Heal th "

Fi gu re F: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oites of P. knowle si i n a )ie& sa-stai n ed th in bl ood s& ear fr o& a h u & an !atient th at tr a# el ed to th e Ph il i !!in es" 7 ote a & u l ti!l y -in fected + (C in th is i & age" I& age cou rtesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter, 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!ar t& en t of Heal th "

Colla!se his )rou! ?lder, de# elo!ing tro!ho,oites of P. k now lesi in a thin blood s&ear" In de#elo!ing tro!ho,oites of P. knowlesi, band for&s &ay a!!ear that are si&ilar in a!!earance to P. malariae" As the #acuole is lost during &aturation of the tro!ho,oite stage, the !arasite beco&es s&aller and &ore co&!act" he !ig&ent a!!ears as dar* grains and the red nucleus increases in si,e" 3ti!!ling a!!ears, often referred to as 23inton and 'ulligan2s2 sti!!ling, as it is not of the 3ch4ffner ty!e"

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Fi gu re A: (and-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. knowle si i n a )ie& sa-stai n ed th in bl ood s& ear fr o& a h u & an !atient th at tr a# el ed to th e Ph i l i !!in es" I& age cou r tesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter, 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!art& ent of Heal th "

Fi gu re B: (and-for& -u !!er. an d ri n g-for & -l o$er. tro!h o,oi tes of P. knowle si, fro& th e sa& e s!eci & en as Fi gu re A "

Colla!se his )rou! )a&etocy tes of P. know lesi in thin blood s&ears" 'ature &acroga&etocytes of P. knowlesi are usually s!herical and fill the host +(C" he cyto!las& stains blue and the eccentric nucleus stains red" Pig&ent is coarse and blac*, and is scattered irregularly in the cyto!las&" he &icroga&etocyte is often, but not al$ays, s&aller than the &acroga&etocyte" he cyto!las& usually stains a !ale !in*, $hile the nucleus stains a dar*er red" he nucleus &ay &a*e u! half the !arasite" he coarse, blac* !ig&ent is scattered irregularly thought the cyto!las&"

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Fi gu re A: )a& etocy te of P. knowle si i n a )ie& sa-stai n ed th in bl ood s& ear fr o& a !ati en t th at tra# el ed to th e Ph i l i !!i nes" I& age cou r tesy of th e 8ads$orth Center , 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!ar t& en t of Heal th "

Fi gu re B: )a& etocy te of P. knowle si i n a )ie& sa-stai n ed th in bl ood s& ear fr o& a !ati en t th at tra# el ed to th e Ph i l i !!i nes" 7 ote al so a ri n gfor& tro!h o,oi te i n th e l o$er l eft of th i s i& age" I& age cou rtesy of th e 8ads$or th Center , 7 e$ > or* 3ta te De!art& en t of Heal th "

Colla!se his )rou! 3chi,onts of P. k now lesi in a thin blood s&ear" In de#elo!ing schi,onts, 3inton and 'ulligan2s sti!!ling &ay be obser#ed" he nucleus continues to di#ide until there are u! to /@ -a#erage /A. &ero,oites" As the schi,ont &atures, it fills the host +(C and the !ig&ent collects into one or a fe$ &asses" In the &ature schi,ont, the &ero,oites &ay a!!ear 2seg&ented2 and the !ig&ent has collected into a single &ass"

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Fi gu re A: 'atu r e sch i ,ont i n a )i e& sa-stain ed th in bl ood s& ear fro& a !ati en t th at tra# el ed to th e Ph i l i !!i nes"I& ages cou rtesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter , 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!ar t& en t of Heal th "

Fi gu re B: 'atu r e sch i ,ont i n a )i e& sa-stain ed th in bl ood s& ear fro& a !ati en t th at tra# el ed to th e Ph i l i !!i nes" 7 ote al so a ri n g-for& tro!h o,oi te to th e ri gh t of th e sch i ,ont i n th i s fi gu r e" I& ages cou rtesy of th e 8ads$orth Cen ter, 7 e$ > or* 3tate De!ar t& en t of Heal th "

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Fi gu re C: De# el o!i n g sch i ,ont i n a )i e& sa-stai n ed th in bl ood s& ear fro& th e sa& e !ati en t seen i n Fi gu res A an d B "

Fi gu re D: 'atu r e sch i ,ont i n a )i e& sa-stain ed th in bl ood s& ear fro& th e sa& e !ati en t seen i n Fi gu res A-C"

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Fi gu re E: De# el o!i n g sch i ,ont i n a )i e& sa-stai n ed th in bl ood s& ear fro& th e sa& e !ati en t as Fi gu res A-D"

Colla!se his )rou!

Plasmodium malariae
+ing- for& tro!ho,oites of P. malariae in thic* and thin* blood s&ears" +ing-for& tro!ho,oites ha#e one -rarely t$o. chro&atin dots and a cyto!las& ring that tends to be thic*er than P. falciparum" 2(ird2s-eye2 for&s &ay a!!ear" here is no enlarge&ent of infected +(Cs"

Fi gu re A: +i n g-for& -l o$er r igh t. and de# el o!i ng -u !!er l eft. tro!h o,oi tes of P. malariae in a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re B: B(i rds-ey eB tr o!h o,oite of P. malariae in a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re C: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oite of P. malariae in a th i n bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re D: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th in bl ood s& ear "

Colla!se his )rou! ro!ho,oites of P. malariae in a thic* blood s&ear" In de#elo!ing tro!ho,oites of P. malariae , chro&atin is rounded or strea*y and the cyto!las& is usually co&!act $ith no #acuole" Pig&ent &ay be coarse and !eri!heral" As the tro!ho,oites &ature, the cyto!las& &ay elongate across the host +(C, for&ing a 2band-for&2, or &ay be o#al $ith a #acuole for&ing a 2bas*et-for&2" Chro&atin is usually in a single &ass, less definite in outline" Pig&ent granules beco&e larger and tend to ha#e a &ore !eri!heral arrange&ent"

Fi gu re A: ro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re B: ro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

Colla!se his )rou! (and- for& tro!ho,oites of P" &alariae in a thin blood s&ear" In de#elo!ing tro!ho,oites of P. malariae , chro&atin is rounded or strea*y and the cyto!las& is usually co&!act $ith no #acuole" Pig&ent &ay be coarse and !eri!heral" As the tro!ho,oites &ature, the cyto!las& &ay elongate across the host +(C, for&ing a 2band-for&2, or &ay be o#al $ith a #acuole for&ing a 2bas*et-for&2" Chro&atin is usually in a single &ass, less definite in outline" Pig&ent granules beco&e larger and tend to ha#e a &ore !eri!heral arrange&ent"

Fi gu re A: (and-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th i n bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re B: (and-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re C: (an d-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th in bl ood s& ear "

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Fi gu re D: (and-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re E: (an d-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th in bl ood s& ear "

Colla!se his )rou! (as*et- for& tro!ho,oites of P. malariae in a thin blood s&ear" In de#elo!ing tro!ho,oites of P. malariae , chro&atin is rounded or strea*y and the cyto!las& is usually co&!act $ith no #acuole" Pig&ent &ay be coarse and !eri!heral" As the tro!ho,oites &ature, the cyto!las& &ay elongate across the host +(C, for&ing a 2band-for&2, or &ay be o#al $ith a #acuole for&ing a 2bas*et-for&2" Chro&atin is usually in a single &ass, less definite in outline" Pig&ent granules beco&e larger and tend to ha#e a &ore !eri!heral arrange&ent"

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Fi gu re A: (as*et-for & tr o!h o,oite of P. malariae in a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re B: (as*et-for & tr o!h o,oite of P" & al ar iae in a th i n bl ood s& ear"

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Fi gu re C: (as*et-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. malariae i n a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Colla!se his )rou! b )a&etocy tes of P. malariae in thic* and a thin blood s&ear" )a&etocytes of P. malariae are co&!act and tend to fill the host +(C" here is no enlarge&ent of the infected +(C and so&eti&es there is a reduction in si,e" he cyto!las& stains blue and the chro&atin !in* to red" Abundant dar* !ig&ent &ay be scattered throughout the cyto!las&"
Fi gu re A: )a& etocy te of P. malariae i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re B: )a& etocy te of P. malariae i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re C: )a& etocy te of P. malariae in a th i n bl ood s& ear "

Fi gu re D: )a& etocy te of P. malariae i n a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re E: De# el o!i n g ga& etocy te of P. malariae in a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re F: De# el o!i n g ga& etocy te of P. malariae in a th i n bl ood s& ear"

Colla!se his )rou! 3chi,onts of P. malariae in thic* and a thin blood s&ear"

Plasmodium ovale
+ing- for& tro!ho,oites of P" o# ale in thic* and a thin blood s&ear" +ing-for& tro!ho,oites usually contain a single chro&atin dot, but &ay contain double-chro&atin dots" 'ulti!ly-infected +(Cs &ay be seen, &a*ing the rings difficult to differentiate fro& P. falciparum" he sing rings &ay be difficult to differentiate fro& P. vivax, as the cyto!las& is usually thic* $ith a large chro&atin dot" As the tro!ho,oites &ature, they are less a&oeboid than P. vivax and &ay exhibit fi&briation and 3ch4ffner2s dots" Infected +(Cs are not usually enlarged
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as in P. vivax infections"
Fi gu re A: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. ovale i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re B: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi te of P. ovale i n a th i c* bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re C: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oites of P. ovale i n a th i n bl ood s& ear" 7 ote th e & u l ti !l y -i n fected + (C in th i s i& age"

Fi gu re D: +i n g-for& tro!h o,oi tes of P. ovale i n a th in bl ood s& ear "

Fi gu re E: + in g-for & tr o!h o,oites of P. ovale i n a th i n bl ood s& ear" 7 ote th e & u l ti !l y -i n fected + (C in th i s i& age"

Colla!se his )rou! ro!ho,oites of P. ovale in thic* and thin blood s&ears" )a&etocy tes of P. ovale in thic* and thin blood s&ears" 3chi,onts of P. ovale in thic* and thin blood s&ears"

Plasmodium vivax
+ing- for& tro!ho,oites of P. vivax in thic* and thin blood s&ears" ro!ho,oites of P. vivax in thic* and thin blood s&ears" De#elo!ing tro!ho,oites of P. vivax beco&e increasingly a&oeboid, $ith tenuous !seudo!odial !rocesses and large #acuoles" 3ch4ffner2s dots are #isible $ith !ro!er staining" Pig&ent tends to be fine and bro$n" Infected +(Cs are usually noticeably larger than uninfected +(Cs"
Fi gu re A: ro!h o,oi te of P. vivax i n a th ic* bl ood s& ear"

Fi gu re B: ro!h o,oi te of P. vivax i n a th in bl ood s& ear" 7 ote th e a& oeboi d a!!earan ce, 3ch 4 ffn er2s dots and en l ar ged i n fected + (Cs"

Fi gu re C: r o!h o,oi tes of P. vivax i n a th i n bl ood s& ear" 7 ote th e a& oeboid a!!earan ce, 3ch 4 ffner2s dots an d enl arged i nfected +(Cs"

Fi gu re D: ro!h o,oi te of P. vivax i n a th in bl ood s& ear" 7 ote th e a& oeboi d a!!earan ce, 3ch 4 ffn er2s dots and en l ar ged i n fected + (Cs"

Fi gu re E: r o!h o,oi te of P. vivax in a th i n bl ood s& ear " 7 ote th e a& oeboi d a!!ear ance, 3ch 4 ffn er 2s dots an d en l arged in fected +(Cs"

Fi gu re F: r o!h o,oi te of P. vivax in a th i n bl ood s& ear " h e i n fected + (Cs are al so n oti ceabl y l arger th an th e u n in fected +(Cs"

Fi gu re G: ro!h o,oi te of P. vivax i n a th in bl ood s& ear" 7 ote th e ban d-l i *e a!!earan ce of th e tro!h o,oite in th is figu re th at & ay be & i sta*en for a ban d-for & tro!h o,oi te of P. malariae " 7 ote, h o$e# er, th e fi n e, l i gh t br o$n !i g& ent th at is di stri bu ted th rou gh ou t th e cy to!l as& -!ig& en t i n P. malariae i s u su al l y dar*er an d coarser an d di stri bu ted on th e !er i!h er y of th e cy to!l as& ." h e i n fected + (Cs a re al so n oticeabl y l arger th an th e u ni n fected + (Cs"

Colla!se his )rou! )a&etocy tes of P. vivax in thic* and thin blood s&ears"
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?o*inetes of P. vivax in thic* and thin blood s&ears" 3chi,onts of P. vivax in thic* and thin blood s&ears"
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