Mipham's commentary on the Shambhala sections of the Kalachakra Tantra

I. INTRODUCTOR Namo Shrii Kaalachakra !harma!haat" #aa$ish%ara. dpal dus kyi a'khor lo'i rgyud kyi tshig don rab tu gsal byed rdo rje'i nyi ma'i snang byed zhes bya ba bzhugs so To the one by &hom the acc"m"lations of merit an! &is!om &ere completely perfecte! an! s"preme chan$eless &is!om attaine!' Completely con("erin$ the $reat host of Maaras' &ith fame "nmatche! in the ) &orl!s. *orn into the family of the Shaakyas' lion of the Shaakyas' sittin$ on the $lorio"s %a+ra lion throne' Teacher of the s"preme tantra of %a+ra yo$a' The ,irst Buddha' to yo" I !e%ote!ly prostrate. S"preme' "nchan$in$ $reat bliss' %a+ra-kaaya' completely liberate! from all the obsc"rations of transmi$ration' .mbrace! by emptiness possessin$ all the s"preme aspects' /a!y 0ra+1aapaaramitaa' the best to embrace of all' free from e2tremes of !"alistic $raspin$' 0ossessin$ 3 kaayas' 3 bo!his' an! 3 %a+ras' 45 s"chnesses' an! perfect in the 46 tr"e meanin$s' Uni%ersal lor! of the families' s"preme 4st *"!!ha' $lorio"s Kaalachakra' to yo" I bo&. Spotless a"spicio"s li$ht of the %a+ra moon' kin$ of %a+ra hol!ers' I s"pplicate an! entreat yo"7 S"preme $lorio"s Ma1+"shrikiirti' chief of ri$!ens' &ho s"mmari8e! so &ell the $reat %a+ra tantra' The shinin$ immac"late li$ht of yo"r commentary ra!iates e%ery&here in all !irections' lor! of the &orl! hol!in$ a &hite lot"s. )-fol! inseparability' lot"s at the center of the heart' s"preme %a+ra min!' I offer to the essence of the e2cellent !eity.

Tsil"pa an! the !ark a$e teacher of *ro etc.' learne! an! accomplishe! ones of In!ia an! Tibet' &ho pointe! o"t the path' The linea$e $"r"s an! the assembly of !eities of the Kaalachakra ma.n.!ala' to them I prostrate. The s"n an! moon transits !issol%e in the central channel' &itho"t the obsc"ration of transmi$ration' Chan$eless bo!y of "ltimate &is!om' basis of all that is $oo! an! $lorio"s an! in the ) &orl!s. Instantly clearin$ a&ay the fears of memory' !ili$ent in the fr"ition of &hat is !esire! *y the +oy of the $lorio"s yo$iniis' may the effort to hear this e2planation be "nobstr"cte!. Ocean of meanin$ of tantra' s"premely profo"n! an! %ast' Tho"$h this topic is not for chil!ren &ith min!s like mine' Relyin$ on the instr"ctions left by the bo!hisatt%as' *y the &ish to benefit limitless sentient bein$s' I compose! this e2planation of the tantra. Sin$le bo!y of &is!om of the #ictorio"s Ones of the times an! !irections' Makin$ appear the !ayli$ht of Ma1+"shri' The anthers of the lot"s of e2planation of the essence' Teachin$ the inseparable' the compassionate sin$le father. 9ere by the :-fol! bon!a$e of torments of bo!y an! min!' ;e are ti$htly bo"n! &ithin the ocean of sa.msaara' <s &e see its fa"lts' !isco"ra$e! an! helpless' .nterin$ the ocean of contin"ity' &e pro!"ce the min! of kin!ness. If the $oal of perfection occ"rs' that is that %ery kin!ness. *y that' the $oo! an! s"itable' aspirin$ to this path' <re $i%en the hi$hest $ift of %ast an! brilliant min!' This Dharma e2plo!in$ ri$i! bias into $reatness.

;hat Dharma is bein$ "shere! in &ith this escort of offerin$s an! flo&ery &or!s of s"pplication= Co"ntless kalpas a$o o"r "ne("alle! Teacher' the kin$ of the Shaakyas' aro"se! bo!hicita' the min!less min! of s"preme enli$htenment. No& in the !ark a$e' this s"premely contentio"s time &hen the : !eni$ratin$ corr"ptions r"n rampant' in this "ni%erse of s"fferin$' the Saha ;orl! of fortit"!e' &e too are $raspe! by the $reat compassion. ;ith the accomplishin$ ca"se of f"lly completin$ the 6 acc"m"lations' the #ictorio"s One f"lfille! his :>> $reat aspirations. In this time of strife &hen the li%es of h"man bein$s are abo"t 4>> years' in ?amb"lin$' in the Saha Realm of karma' beneath the bo!hi tree in *o!h$aya' the /or! &as completely an! perfectly enli$htene!. 9a%in$ t"rne! the immeas"rable &heels of Dharma of the ) pi.takas an! o"ter an! inner mantra' he presente! the path of liberation for those &ho are to be tame!. Then a$ain he ta"$ht the fr"ition secret mantra' the hi$hest of all the teachin$s of the tantras of secret mantra. This occ"rre! at $reat an! $lorio"s Drep"n$ St"pa' in the ma.n.!ala of #a+ra!haat". The teacher &as in the mi!st of the assembly of %ictorio"s ones' their sons' an! the male an! the female &rathf"l !eities. On the f"ll moon !ay of the Na$pa month' the time of his birth an! of his con("est of the ) realms' the *"!!ha sat on a %a+ra lion throne' &ith his face t"rne! to the east. S"pplicate! by the emanation of #a+rapaa.ni' the kin$ of the co"ntry of Shambhala' S"chan!ra' he ta"$ht the Tantra of Shrii Kaalachakra. After the openin$ @ syllables' it has 46'>>> tantric %erses. Its syllables total @34'>>>. The abri!$er of this same tantra &as the ri$!en kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti. Ri$!en 0".n.!ariika &rote the commentary. The linea$e of !harmaraa+as an! ri$!ens &ho &ere linea$e hol!ers of the Kaalachakra Tantra &as prophesie! in !etail' &hen the *ha$a%an ta"$ht it in the Root TantraA 5>> years ,rom this year' In or!er to ripen the rishis' The ?amyan$ 9"man /or! Kno&n as Ma1+"shrikiirti' ;ill arise in the place calle! Shambhala. *y the $reat $o!!ess Taara 9is son &ill be the bliss hol!er Kno&n as ?i$ten ;an$ch"ck S"chan!ra' yo"r line shall rise ,rom my Shaakya linea$e7

0ossessin$ the %a+ra family' Capable in speakin$' Makin$ the 3 castes one. *eca"se of that calle! BRi$!en'B Not by bein$ bhramins. *y these &or!s I ha%e hear!' If the Dharma is ta"$ht to the .ri.shis' *eca"se they hear! it from others <n! are not omniscient bein$s Contro%ersy &ill rise. 9o&e%er by some of its aspects Sentient bein$s &ill be ripene!. *y those partic"lar aspects The Dharma is to be ta"$ht. The Dharma of &or!s an! e2perience o$ins &ill $rasp &ith effort. Clin$in$ to %erbal meanin$' 9o& &ill they $rasp the shastras= On earth the precio"s name ;ill ha%e this an! that !ifferent !i%isions Describin$ this an! that ob+ect' None of them precio"s at all. Th"s this p"re Dharma of mine *y %ario"s e!itin$s *y the po&er of bein$s concepts ;ill be no more than names .2pressin$ fi2ate! thin$s. This s"mmary of the essence I the omniscient tell. <s for the )> %erses

Craspin$ the $arlan! of this <n! the e2cellent 4>> topics Set o"t &ithin the : chapters' 0erfectin$ the $lorio"s tantras' Ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti ;ill be the teacher of it. Craspin$ his s"mmary The pro!"cer of commentary ;ill be 0".n.!ariika. In this tantra' for .ri.shis an! so on' The path of b"!!hahoo! ;ill be completely ill"mine!. S"chan!ra' S"res%ara' Di+i Chen' Soma!atta S"res%ara the secon!' #ish%ar""pa an! S"resana ;ill be the names of secession Up to Ma1+"shrikiirti <n! then 0".n.!ariika' The s"nli$ht of past r"lers. Ne2t &ill be Nyime a'E!' .manatin$ $ek enemies. #a+rapaa.ni' /or! S"chan!ra' /ike the ;orl! 0rotector. Kshiti$arbha' amantaka' Clearer of all Obsc"rations' Khen$+e as &ell as M"k+e' ?amyan$ <kasha$arbha' The 4> &rathf"l !eities' amantaka an! so on. Then other bo!hisatt%as'

4) in s"ccession' ;ill arise in the ri$!en family. They are the line of Drakpa' Ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti Then Ri$!en 0".n.!ariika *ha!ra is the thir! The 3th shall be #i+aya. S"mitra an! Raktapaa.ni <re follo&e! by #i.sh.n"$"pta <rkakiirti an! S"bha!ra Sam"!raa%i+aya ' <+a. The 46th ri$!en S"rya' #ish%ar""pa' Sasiprabha' <nanta' Mahipaala Shriipaala' 9ari' #ikrama Creat po&er' an! Ceaseless One' Narisi.mha' Mahesh%ara <nanta%i+aya an! <ll-con("erin$' Then Drakpa ri$!en a$ain ;ith sons &ho ha%e the $reat &heel Ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin &ill rise' Capable e2ponents. <n! by the s"preme samaa!hi Of the F&oo!en %a+raG horse <nnihilatin$ the Dharma Of the barbarians. Chariot of the S"n an! others Skillf"l e2ponents Of the s"mmari8e! tantra &ill arise *y their actions the Tantra

FRe("este! byG S"chan!ra <n! abri!$e! by Ma1+"shrikiirti ;ill completely ripen bein$s. o" S"chan!ra &ill &rite The basic commentary. The Tantra by ?ampel Dor+e ;ill ha%e a commentary *y 0".n.!arika himself. <s it says there' the *"!!ha ta"$ht the Root Tantra' an! the pro!"cer of the commentary on that' Dharmaraa+a S"chan!ra' &rote 5>'>>> %erses in many lan$"a$es' the lan$"a$e of Shambhala an! others. ;hen those %ol"mes ha! been compose!' the tantra &as ta"$ht in the H5 cities of 4> million inhabitants of that co"ntry. The !etails of me!itation etc. they hear! e2plaine! &ere &i!ely $raspe!. <t the time of teachin$ the Root Tantra in the 6n! year' Kin$ S"chan!ra' to brin$ abo"t accomplishment for sentient bein$s' in the city of Kaalaapa' in the pleas"re $ro%e of Malaya' ha! constr"cte! a ma.n.!ala of Shrii Kaalachakra. There &ere also mirac"lo"s !isplays. ;here%er the nir.ma.nakaaya approache! there the sambho$akaaya &ent as &ell. S"chan!ra's 5 s"ccessors' !harmaraa+as 6-I areA 6 S"res%ara Flha'i !ban$ l!anG ) Te+in = F8i br+i! canG 3 Soma!atta F8la bas sbyinG : S"res%ara II Flha'i !ban$ phy"$G 5 #is%am"rti Fsna tsho$s $8"$sG I S"resana Flha'i !ban$ l!anG .ach ta"$ht the !etails of the tantra for 4>> years. The emanation of <kasha$arbha.' &as born as the son of /ha'i ;an$!enJs Consort of Deli$ht' or some say of %ario"s other !i%ine consorts' an! &as the emanation of Ma1+"shri' Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti himself. Seate! on a lion throne' he ta"$ht the Dharma for 4>> years. ;hen the 4>>th year &as o%er' by the po&er of blessin$ prophesie! by the Tathaa$ata' the .ri.shis &ere completely ripene! an! attaine! the tr"e path. This happene! &hen they sa& by hi$her perception the Malaya pleas"re $ro%e in the so"th of Kaalaapa' &hose si8e &as 46 pa$tse' as bein$ of the same si8e as all of Kaalaapa.

In the east of that pleas"re $ro%e &as /ake Nye&e i! an! in the &est &as ;hite /ot"s /ake' both &ith a si8e of 46 pa$tse. In the center of the Malaya pleas"re $ro%e' pro!"ce! by Kin$ S"chan!ra' &as the ma.n.!ala circle of Shrii Kaalachakra &ith its $o!s an! $o!!esses' of the nat"re of the : precio"s s"bstances. It &as s("are' of 3>> c"bits. It &as insi!e the bo!y ma.n.!ala7 that is' the bo!y ma.n.!ala &as o"tsi!e it. The bo!y ma.n.!ala &as s("are' a!orne! &ith 3 $ates' 3 arches' an! @ charnel $ro"n!s. O"tsi!e of the : s"rro"n!in$ fences &ere the a!ornments' the 3 ma.n.!alas of earth etc. an! the %a+ra $arlan!s. The last %a+ra $arlan! ha! an e2tent of @>> c"bits. 9alf&ay in from the bo!y ma.n.!ala &as the speech ma.n.!ala of 6>> c"bits. It &as s("are' a!orne! &ith 3 $ates' 3 arches' an! ha! : s"rro"n!in$ fences. 9alf&ay in from the speech ma.n.!ala &as the min! ma.n.!ala of 4>> c"bits. It &as s("are' a!orne! &ith 3 $ates' 3 arches' an! ha! ) s"rro"n!in$ fences. 9alf&ay in from the min! man.!.ala &as the &is!om ma.n.!ala of :> c"bits &ith 45 bea"tif"l pillars. 9alf&ay in from that &is!om circle &as an @-petalle! lot"s of 6: c"bits. The na%el of the lot"s &as @.)).. c"bits' 4K) the si8e of the &hole. Those ma.n.!alas of bo!y' speech' an! min! &ere complete in all their characteristics. The palace of the master of these ) ma.n.!alas ha! lon$ $arlan!s' half $arlan!s' +e&ele! le!$es' platforms' an! rain spo"ts. It &as a!orne! &ith mirrors' crescent moons' an! bells. On the f"ll moon of the D*O L6n!M month Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti sai! to Chariot of the S"n an! so forth' ): million p"re .ri.shis' BThis Na$pa month yo" &ho $rasp the te2ts of the edas &ill be $i%en teachin$s by me. In yo"r %ario"s re$ions' to those &ho are bhramins' I &ill then teach those practices. So he proclaime!. ,rom the &or!s of the teachin$s ta"$ht in accor! &ith that sayin$' in their %ario"s re$ions' they &ere ta"$ht separate in!i%i!"al practices. Those teachin$s ha! conflictin$ r"les abo"t s"ch thin$s as eatin$ from sk"lls' eatin$ the meat of o2en an! b"ffalos' !rinkin$ li("or' an! takin$ &omen or &hate%er as consorts. ;hen they ha! seen that these r"les &ere inconsistent' Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti sai! to them' BThose of yo" here in the ma.n.!ala palace of bha$a%an Kalachakra shall be entere! by me. o" shall be $i%en the &orl!ly an! &orl!-transcen!in$ empo&erments. *y my comman!' yo" shall eat an! !rink &ith the %a+ra caste. o" sho"l! ha%e relationships of marria$e. ;hy= if yo" !o not' those in my H5 cities of 4> million' &ho &ere formerly so !e%ote!' @>> years from no&' after the reli$ion of the barbarians has sprea!' amon$ yo"r chil!ren's' chil!ren's chil!ren etc.' in the H5 $reat re$ions of Shambhala etc.' the reli$ion of the barbarians &ill also sprea!.B B;ith the mantra of the barbarian $o! #i.shimilaa' the throats of cattle &ill be c"t &ith hooke! kni%es' an! the flesh of these cattle eaten. The flesh of animals &ho !ie by their o&n karma

&ill not be eaten. o" too &ill take s"ch a reli$ion for $en"ine. o"r script"res say' B,or the sake of $i%in$ offerin$s' cattle proliferate.B The reli$ion of the #e!as an! that of the barbarians both c"t off life. ;hen yo"r !escen!ants ha%e seen the $lory of the barbarians an! their maara-$o!s &ho en$a$e in &ar' after @>> years' they &ill become barbarians. Those li%in$ in Shambhala's H5 cities of 4> million &ho are of the 3 castes etc. &ill also be barbarians. The path is &hat $reat bein$s trea!' as the p"re .ri.shis say. *"t in the reli$ions of the barbarians an! the edas' life is c"t off to benefit $o!s an! ancestors. The reli$io"s te2ts of the kshaatriyas sayA ,or those &ho &ant to' ha%in$ satisfie! the $o!s an! ancestral fathers' There is no fa"lt in eatin$ the flesh Fof %ictimsG. <n! alsoA ;hoe%er acts %icio"sly to the %icio"s' In that no fa"lt is to be seen. That is also &hat the script"res of the bhramins say. So if #e!ic reli$ion is the meas"re' the barbarian reli$ion &ill be $raspe!. In the en! yo" &ill be barbarians. I offer yo" my certainty. Therefore' !o as I comman!.B ;hen the speech of Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti ha! cease!' as fri$htene! as if th"n!erbolts ha! fallen abo"t their hea!s' the brahmin .ri.shis sai! to Chariot of the S"nA Kye' Chariot of the S"n' say to the lor! of h"mans Ma1+"shrikiirti that &e &ill not re+ect the #e!ic castes an! enter into Dharma empo&ere! as the %a+ra caste. It is best that &e $o' &ith yo"r permission' to In!ia so"th of the sno&-lan! of Tibet an! the Ri%er Shiita an! north of the islan! of Shrii /anka. So they re("este!. Chariot of the S"n sai!A BKye' Creat Kin$' s"preme holy lor!' in yo" the ma+or an! minor marks of a $reat bein$ are completely perfect. o" ha%e the compassion of the s"preme bin!" of the $lorio"s Shaakya caste. *e compassionate to these brahmin .ri.shis &ho ha%e entere! into the !harmas of their respecti%e castes. <fter all' they !i! so in accor! &ith yo"r comman!. Since that is so' tho"$h &e shall not enter into the %a+ra caste' &ith yo"r permission' it &o"l! be best for "s to $o so"th of the Ri%er Shiita' bet&een the sno&-lan! of Tibet an! the islan! of Shri /anka in In!ia. So he re("este!. Then Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti sai!' B/et the follo&ers of the edas ("ickly lea%e Shambhala.B <ccor!in$ly' those brahmin .ri.shis aban!one! the city of Kaalaapa. On the 4>th !ay they &ere !&ellin$ in a forest. Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti sa& them by his hi$her perception an! sai!' BIf these

people $o to In!ia' all the sentient bein$s li%in$ in Shambhala etc.' in the H5 cities of 4> million' &ill ha%e "nbearable tho"$hts. ;hoe%er sai!' BThe %a+rayaana teachin$s are not a $en"ine &is!om path an!' beca"se of that' stro%e for the liberation of the .ri.shis' all those &ho &ere afrai! of the comman! of Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti' &ere sent to their homes. *"t later a $ro"p of these $athere! to$ether an! sai!. B/et "s $o to In!ia.B These bein$s of the 3 castes &ere of ba! mental fort"ne' not ha%in$ the $oo! &ish to be %essels of the %ast an! profo"n!. Kno&in$ the tho"$hts of those sentient bein$s' The /or! of 9"mans Ma1+"shrikiirti sai!' BThese people of the &rathf"l families of #i.sh.n" an! *hramaa are all me!itatin$ in the samaa!hi calle! St"pifier. *y that samaa!hi an! the Bblessin$sB of their $o!s' all the .ri.shis in that $ro%e are bein$ st"pefie!. Since the retreatants !&ellin$ in that $ro%e etc.' are in that bon!a$e' a$ain let the ma.n.!ala palace be transporte! there.B <fter its comin$' those &ho ha! re+ecte! atten!in$ on the lor! of h"mans Ma1+"shrikiirti' &ere a&akene!. They sa& the lor! of h"mans Ma1+"shrikiirti an! the ma.n.!ala palace' alon$ &ith the $ro%e of Malaya. <fter this &on!er ha! arisen' they sai!' B. M< 9O' this is most &on!erf"l. ;ho bro"$ht this $reat ma.n.!ala palace from the $reat $ro%e to "s &ho &ere so "n-a&akene!=B Those are the &or!s they sai! &hen this ha! happene!. The minister of Kin$ ?ampel Ma1+"shrikiirti' the nir.ma.nakaaya /o!rN Cyatso' hear! these &or!s an! sai!A BKye' brahmin .ri.shis' Chariot of the S"n etc.' !o not be so astonishe!. Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti is not biase! an! self-centere!. 9e is a $reat bo!hisatt%a &ho has arisen by the blessin$s of the *"!!ha for the p"rpose of acceptin$ yo". Co to ref"$e as his atten!ants. S"pplicate for the abhisheka of the &orl!ly an! &orl!-transcen!in$ paths of the kin$ of tantras the !irst Buddha.B <s he sai! those &or!s' by the blessin$s of the *"!!ha' the min!s of the brahmin .ri.shis Chariot of the S"n etc.' a&akene!' an! they sai!' BCoo!' Coo!' /o!rN Cyatso' by yo"r &or!s o"r min!s are $reatly a&akene!. No& &e &ill $o to the ) +e&els for ref"$e. So that all sentient bein$s &ithin this %ery life may attain tr"e' complete enli$htenment' &e &ill re("est the abhi.sheka of the path of &orl!ly an! &orl!-transcen!in$ si!!his of the kin$ of tantras' the Kaalachakra.B ;hen they ha! sai! these &or!s' those .ri.shis a!!resse! the kin$ of bhramins Chariot of the S"n sayin$' BKye' Chariot of the S"n' yo" alone ha%e a min! that can $rasp the ob+ects of all the &orl!ly an! &orl!-transcen!in$ %e!ic shastras. Therefore' &ith the &or!s of o"r s"pplication' s"pplicate kin! Ma1+"shrikiirti' so that &e &ho formerly &ent to the ma.n.!ala may $o for ref"$e.B So they all s"pplicate!. Then' beca"se of the &or!s of the brahmin .ri.shis' Chariot of the S"n' ma!e a ma.n.!ala &ith flo&ers of the nat"re of $ol! an! +e&els an! sai!A B/or! of h"mans' near the feet of Ma1+"shrikiirti precio"s han!f"ls of flo&ers are scattere!. 9e bent his 6 knees' an! +oinin$ the palms of his 6 han!s' at the cro&n of his hea!' sai!' BTo$ether &ith the brahmin .ri.shis' prostratin$ at the feet of Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti' the pan of the ri$ht knee I ben! to the $ro"n!. I p"t

my +oine! palms at my forehea!. I s"pplicate the /or! of 9"mans Ma1+"shrikiirti. The *ha$a%an ta"$ht that e%en those &ho ha%e committe! the : ine2piable acts may &ithin this %ery life attain b"!!hahoo!. It is prophesie! that by the s"preme chan$eless bliss of the *ha$a%an %a+ra hol!er the tr"e embo!iment of mahaam"!raa may be attaine!. I s"pplicate for the teachin$ of the kin$ of tantras' the !irst Buddha.B BThe !irst Buddha in 46'>>> %erses' &as ta"$ht by the Tathaa$ata to Kin$ S"chan!ra. That %ery te2t a"thentically abri!$e! in a short time as the Abridged !irst Buddha' I s"pplicate the teacher to teach that kin$ of tantras to the p"re bhramins.B So he re("este!. <t that time' in the $reat co"rtyar! of precio"s +e&els near the east $ate of the palace of the Kaalachakra ma.n.!ala' sittin$ on a $reat precio"s lion throne' &as Dharmaraa+a ?ampel Ma1+"shrikiirti. H5 emanate! $o!s' as"ras' an! naa$as of the $reat royal caste' &ith hair bo"n! &ith the precio"s cro&n of a $reat bein$' masters of 4> million 2 4> million cities' prostrate! at his lot"s feet. The pra+1aa bo!y of all the Tathaa$atas' ha%in$ listene! to the re("est of Chariot of the S"n' sai!' BChariot of the S"n' so that all sentient bein$s may attain tr"e' complete enli$htenment' yo" of the family of brahmin .ri.shis an! so on' &ant to hear the s"b+ect of the s"preme kin$ of tantras the !irst Buddha' an! ha%e ma!e a $en"ine effort to !o so. Coo!' $oo!' &hat yo" ha%e !one is $oo!. Therefore' from the kin$ of tantras the !irst Buddha' the holy main s"b+ect' the establisher of the &orl!ly an! &orl!-transcen!in$ si!!his' the yo$a of Kaalachakra re("este! by yo"' all that I shall teach. I' the s"mmari8er Kin$ Ma1+"shrikiirti' by the po&er of blessin$s of the Tathaa$ata' by my connection &ith the tr"e perfect *"!!ha' an! &ith the teacher an! s"pplicator S"chan!ra' properly $raspin$ the mala of composition' &ill a"thentically s"mmari8e the Root Tantra. <ccor!in$ to the meanin$ of &hat has been ta"$ht to arise in this kin$ of tantras' the main s"b+ect is the yo$a of the nat"res of pra+1aa an! "paaya. 9ear it &ith 4-pointe! min!s.B So sayin$' from the be$innin$ section the teacher he &ent on to the en!' "ntil it &as tr"ly s"mmari8e!. This &as also !one so that those attache! to fine &or!s mi$ht aban!on that attachment' an! rely on the meanin$. BSome %erses ha%e partial or missin$ &or!s an!' some' !ama$e! at the bor!ers' are incomplete or ille$ible. /ike&ise' some ha%e no spaces' or missin$ %o&els an! consonants' or short %o&els for lon$ or lon$ for short. In some places' : !i%isions sho"l! be I' or 3 topics 5. Some poorly e2presse! %erses &ere re!one in my o&n &or!s. ,or some %erses I p"t the &or!s of others. ,or one &or! I p"t many. ,or many &or!s I p"t one. ,or male I p"t ne"ter an! for ne"ter male. ,or Barisen from con!itionsB I p"t BmeatB etc.. ,or O$eneral principles'P Oarisin$ from in!i%i!"al

con!itions.P OIn!i%i!"ally arisenP became Ocon!itionsP an! Oarisen from $eneral principles.P Other s"ch practices &ere also follo&e!' accor!in$ to the instr"ctions of teachers of the tantra.B <lso' the *ha$a%an sai! in the Root TantraA S"chan!ra an! all the b"!!has <n! the st"!ents of the $"r"s Offere! their bea"tif"l &i%es' <n! cherishe! sons' an! !a"$hters' <n! al&ays-!esirable thin$s. The smell arose from the earth. The form &ent into the &ater' The taste into the fire. The to"ch &ent into air' The so"n! staye! &itho"t chan$e. Into $reat space' !harma!haat"' ;ent smell' incense' an! so forth. ;ith lamps' foo!' !rink an! clothes <l&ays ma.n.!alas &ere offere!. *y the chil!ren of holy ones There &ere offerin$s to the $"r". These so"n!s &ith broken corners &ere ba!ly spoken' an! the yo$ins rea!in$ the l"n$ &ere s"ppose! to reali8e that. Similarly in the commentary' to break pri!e in fine so"n!s' the meanin$ &as relie! on instea!. It ha! a similar ro"$h presentation' an! by these aspects pri!e manifestin$ in reasonin$' kno&le!$e' an! fine so"n!s &o"l! be e2ha"ste!. *y s"ch an! s"ch aspects' the reliance &as p"t on the meanin$. *"!!has an! bo!hisatt%as ta"$ht the Dharma an! shastras in other lan$"a$es' for the sake of liberation. That is also !isc"sse! in the teachin$s of the "reat #ommentary. No& that the !etails of the story ha%e been tol!' the tantra to be e2plaine! is that of the s"preme ,irst *"!!ha &itho"t caste or class' Kaalachakra. *y the manifestation of the %a+ra-hol!er &is!om-kaaya' characteristics of tr"th &ere e2presse! an! embrace!. *y manifestin$ the %a+ra &or!s of all the tantras' the precio"s baskets of the b"!!has &ere opene!.

The teachin$ relie! on &orl!ly an! &orl!-transcen!in$ tr"th. There &as complete p"rification by the 3 aspects of perfect b"!!hahoo! an! the 3 %a+ras. The nat"re of the e2presse! an! e2pressor &ere completely ill"minate!Q. Shraa%akas &ho ha! taken the %o& of the !iscipline of bein$ completely &itho"t en+oyment of the : !esirable ("alities' an! &ishe! to remain in their ren"nciation' &ere allo&e! to !o so. Those to be tame! of the mantra path &ho &ishe! to en+oy the : !esirable ("alities an! the mahas"kha of "nion of the 6 po&ers &ere ta"$ht the path by &hich by &ithin this %ery h"man life the fr"ition of b"!!ha #a+ra!haara is accomplishe!. That is this %ery kin$ of tantrasQ. R44th T9. <RISINC O, T9. CR.<T ;9../-TURN.RS This is ta"$ht in 6 %erses' 66-63' be$innin$ Olh"n poJI r$yabP These teach the &ay of the Tathaa$ata's Dharma comin$ to the 46 karmic earth sections. 9o& !oes this happen= Behind Mt. Meru' in that e2ternal !irection' in the 46 earth sections' in those lands the asuras an! /alos &ho are hard to conquer an! the &heel ha%ers circled. $$% gang du chos ni rnam par nyams shing rtsod dus a'jug pa de dang der ni rab tu bgrod par byed% The 46 earth sections are those where the Dharma of the Tathaa$ata is completely destroyed in the time of conflict. Then there is no Dharma there' an! a!harma enters. As for these and those' those ha%in$ the &heel of Dharma an! the others travelled far' an! circle! aro"n! the earth sections in or!er. $$% kla klo rnams kyang gyul du bcom ste rang gi chos la dgod pa byas nas mdun du rnam par rgyu% rdzogs ldan gsum ldan gnyis ldan dag dang rtsod dus gzhan ni dus kyi sbyor ba dag gis a'byung bar a'gyur% && The hol!ers of a!harma' the Lalos' an! &ith them' incl"!e! by that &or!' the as"ras' conquered in war the *"!!hist &heel ha%ers. .%en after the *"!!hists established their own Dharma' a$ain in the front !irection' other non-!harmic a$ressors &ere on the move. % rdzogs ldan gsum ldan gnyis ldan dag dang rtsod dus gzhan ni dus kyi sbyor ba dag gis a'byung bar a'gyur% &&

<s in each in!i%i!"al section Dharma an! a!harma &ere propa$ate!' the 3 perio!s labele! from that &ere completion-having having 3 having the time of strife. Of these 3 perio!s of the teachin$ the others of the $reat 3 perio!s' arose as these in!i%i!"als circle! in or!er in the 46 spokes of the earth by temporal con!unction &ith the sprea!in$ an! !iminishin$ of the teachin$s. dum bu g$r'ang du stobs ldan a'khor lo can de rab tu zhugs pa der ni rdzogs ldan dus bgrod de% rgyal po'i rgyab tu gsum ldan rtsod pa'i dus kyang mdun dag tu ste gnyis kyi bar du gnyis ldan no% dus rnams dag gi lo yi tshad ni stong phrag nyi shi rtsa gcig ro brgya dag dang bcas pa ste% re re dag gi tshad ni dus dan mda'a yis bsgyur ba'i mi rnams dag gi lo brgya gang yin pa'o% &( 9o& so= The sections where' able to con("er the as"ras an! /alos those having the wheel of Dharma had fully entered e%ery&here' there' beca"se the Dharma &as "n!ama$e!' an! the *"!!ha's teachin$s of &hat &as sai! an! &hat &as e2perience! &ere complete' it &as still the traversing of the completion having time. After the earth sections ha! been tra%erse! by !harmaraa!as' &hen 4K3th part of the earth sections &here the Dharma teachin$s ha! been no lon$er ha! them' that &as kno&n as the time of having 3. In the time of strife all 3 le$s of complete Dharma &ere harme!' an! in that respect it &as a time of a!harma. "n front of the kin$s' position the Dharma ha! not come' tho"$h these places &ere soon to be con("ere! by the &heel ha%ers. <fter the time of strife' in that ha%in$ 4 to 6 !harma le$s' "ntil ) &ere complete!' &as calle! the time of having . So in the 46 spokes of the ho"ses of karma' in the sphere of the enterin$ of the *"!!ha's teachin$s' by the *"!!ha's teachin$s enterin$ an! s"bsi!in$' !i%i!e! by the limits of their establishment' those perio!s circle!. .ach time after ) sections &ere per%a!e!' cirlin$ in this &ay' the ri$!ens' real &heel-ha%ers' arri%e! in all the 46 sections. % dus rnams dag gi lo yi tshad ni stong phrag nyi shu rtsa gcig ro brgya dag dang bcas pa ste

*y this circlin$ the *"!!ha's teachin$s came into the 46 continents. 9o&e%er' accor!in$ to Ri$!en Drakpo the &heel-ha%er' really there are many e2planations. The measure of years of those 3 times is #$%%% and ro' 5' hundred. In h"man years it is 64'5>>' for all the continents. % re re dag gi tshad ni dus dang mda'a yis bsgyur ba'i mi rnams dag gi lo brgya gang yin pa'o% &( The 3 times' as for the measure in each section' by dus and mda&a' :3 2 the 4>> year life span of h"man bein$s S :'3>> years.

R4)th TO0IC of M<T?US9RIKIIRTI This is ta"$ht by 5 %erses 65-)4 be$innin$ &ith %erse 65' Blo a'!i nas..B lo a'di nas ni drug brgya lo yis gsal bar mi bdag grags pa sham bha la zhes bya bar byung% de nas klu yi lo brgya rnams kyis nges par mkha'i yul du kla klo'i chos dag rab tu a'jug% de yi dus su a'dzin pa la ni nyung du'i byed pa gsal bar mi rnams dag gis rig par bya% mtha'a dag sa gzhi kha ni grub pa'i mtha'a rnams rnam par nyams pa dus kyi sbyor ba la a'byung a'gyur% &) B'%% years from this yearB &hen the *ha$a%an ta"$ht the Kaalachakra tantra' a lord of humans e(plaining it calle! ?ampel or Ma)!ushri*iirti arises in a place called +hambhala' north of the ri%er Shiita. Sittin$ on the lion throne' he is Dharma-teachin$ nir.ma.nakaaya. Ma1+"shrikiirti' this !escriber of the teachin$s' teaches the commentary. This is by po&er of composition' as is e2plaine! in the earlier commentaries. Ma1+"shrikiirti teaches the abri!$e! tantra an! nir%aa.na. % de nas klu yi lo brgya rnams kyis nges par mkha'i yul du kla klo'i chos dag rab tu a'jug% Then in #%% naaga years$ @>>' certainly' &itho"t !o"bt' on the so"th bank of the ri%er Shiita' in the 4> million %illa$es of the space realm' in the @th h"n!re! years' the dharma of the Lalos completely ta*e over. *eca"se of the /alo ST<C CDICS 0<S' the as"ra !harma &ill f"lly take o%er. Moreo%er' after 0".n.!aarika sits on the throne the be$innin$ of the rei$n of Shint" San$po is &hen @>> years of the ri$!ens sittin$ on the throne is complete!. % de yi dus su a'dzin pa la ni nyung du'i byed pa gsal bar mi rnams dag gis rig par bya%

At that time &hen the /alos enter' in the earth' the e2planation of the astrolo$ical calc"lation of the lessening action$ will be understood by human beings. /essenin$ or simplifyin$ tr"e !octrine in astrolo$ical calc"lation' it is not e2act' b"t a ro"$h calc"lation. % mtha'a dag sa gzhi kha ni grub pa'i mtha'a rnams rnam par nyams pa dus kyi sbyor ba la a'byung a'gyur% &) <t that time' on the so"th bank of the ri%er Shiita in the space re$ion etc.' all co"ntries $rasp the m"tek e2tremists astrolo$ical !octrine. In that lan!' all the 3 astrolo$ical doctrines of the bhramins' the s"n &orshippers' the nake! ones' an! the hairy ones are completely destroyed. Tho"$h in the co"ntry of Shambhala etc.' the *"!!ha's astrolo$ical !octrines are not completely !estroye!' people mostly "se the !octrine of the /alo !harma. There I !i%isions of meanin$ are ma!e into :. The sense sho"l! be kno&n from the occasion. B*eca"se the !octrines are harme!'B clarifies the lessenin$ action. It is like a mother's &or!s abo"t the s&eet calle! la!"A To her chil! she says' BCome here an! I &ill $i%e yo" la!".B She sho&s her empty han! to entice it. The lessenin$ form"lae of the m"tek e2tremists' are not tr"ly e2plaine!. ;hy so= To say that the !octrines are harme! is only partially tr"e. If the form"la etc. is properly e2plaine!' the !octrine's astrolo$y is not harme!. This is beca"se by the form"la each planetJs position is or correctly kno&n. On the solstice !ay &hen the s"n ret"rns north&ar!' by notin$ the e2treme of the sha!o&' the form"la s"n motion can be only ine2actly kno&n. If the motion of the s"n is incorrect' the motion of the moon an! the planets' Mars etc.' &ill also be incorrect. That is beca"se these m"st be e2actly establishe! !epen!in$ on the motion of the s"n. If the motion of the planets is not correct' it &ill be "seless to calc"late the s"ccession of fr"itions arisin$ from that' accor!in$ to the m"tek e2tremists' or their life astrolo$y etc.. It &ill be "seless to prepare the ma.n.!ala of the %o&els of the planets' the actions of their po&ers peacef"l an! &rathf"l etc. an! the birth an! fr"itions of those. ,or incorrect planetary %al"es' the tr"e fr"ition of bein$ $raspe! by this an! that planet cannot possibly come. BThis astrolo$y &here the motion of the planets is not e2plaine! completely correctly by the m"tek e2tremists' ho& IS it presente!=B Re$ar!in$ the !octrines of the astrolo$y' the arro$ant bhramins of the m"tek e2tremists tho"$ht' BIf the motion of the planets is properly presente!' it &ill be easily "n!erstoo! e%en by &omen an! chil!ren' an! they &ill not respect "s.B Therefore they hi! the correct astrolo$y &hich they formerly possesse!. B,orm"lae of contin"o"s motion sho"l! be "se!'B they !eci!e!' an! they hi! their !octrines. ;hen each one's

system of form"lae for contin"o"s motions etc. ha! been e2plaine!' it &as !iffic"lt to kno& by chil!ish bein$s. These &ere kept far a&ay from comprehen!in$ astrolo$y by a collection of many kin!s of !ays an! form"lae an! ma!e "p complicate! slo& an! s&ift actions etc. The ascertainment of planets by these form"lae &as not e2act' an! by acc"m"late! errors' the calc"late! motion of the s"n &as incorrect' an! hence the other planets &ere also incorrect. That is ho& those m"tek e2tremists harme! others. .%ent"ally e%en they !i! not kno& that their planetary infl"ences &ere like that. Therefore all s"ch harm to others etc.' since it is contra!ictory' sho"l! be aban!one!. R43th' CRU* RTSIS <ND * .D RTSIS FDOCTRIN</ <ND ;ORKINC OR ,ORMU/< <STRO/OC G These are ta"$ht from Bme mkha'a r$ya mtsho...B' %erse 6I' "ntil line ) of %erse :3. In this &orl! of 3 continents' &hen the parts of time' planets' stars' an! ho"se transits are resol%e!' &ithin that by the e+ection an! "nion of praa.na naa.!i' an! bin!"' so that the arisin$ of the main point of the sin$le p"rity of o"ter an! inner may be tr"ly achie%e!' the calc"lations of planets an! stars are the teachin$ chiefly !isc"sse! in this chapter. In this abri!$e! tantra the N UNC DU'I * .D 0<' !ecreasin$ form"la' is ta"$ht7 an! the !octrinal astrolo$y of the Root Tantra is not clearly ta"$ht. <ccor!in$ to the e2planation of this in the commentaries' if it &ere clearly ta"$ht in this Abridged Tantra' the m"tek e2tremists' ha%in$ seen the abri!$e! tantra' &o"l! say' Bin o"r &orkin$ astrolo$y too the motion of the s"n is correct.B So o"r o&n *"!!hist form"lae are therefore presente!. ,or this reason' it is not clarifie!. The astrolo$y in this case ta"$ht in accor! &ith the act"al &or!s of the tantra is to be e2presse! by fe& &or!s. The &or!s of the commentaries are %ery many. In Tibet too there are both the form"la an! !octrinal astrolo$ical systems. The pith of the !esi$n of the 4 an! the other &ill therefore be correctly e2plaine!. In astrolo$ical e2pression of the : limbs' 4st it is ta"$ht from &hat be$innin$ years are calc"late!. 5>> years after the Tathaa$ata ta"$ht the Kaalachakra Tantra is the time of ?ampel Ma1+"shrikiirti. @>> years after that is the time of the /alos. 4@6 years before the time of the /alos is the be$innin$ of the form"la astrolo$y of Ri$!en Cyalka. <fter the 4>th ri$!en' Cyamtso Nam$yal comes to the throne' he teaches the Dharma for 4@6 years. Those are recor!e! as his years on the throne. In the year of Cyamtso Nam$yal comin$ to the throne' the /alos teach that their form"la astrolo$y be$ins &ith the Ith o"tsi!er /alo teacher. 9e is the teacher of it.

<fter that' Ri$!en Cyalka comes to the throne an! teaches the Dharma for 664 years. The o"tsi!er form"la astrolo$y be$ins from the 4st year of Cyamtso Nam$yal comin$ to the throne. In the year of ri$!en Nyima comin$ to the throne' the Kaalachakra Abridged Tantra $oes to the noble lan! of In!ia. The astrolo$ical con%entions of the 4st rab+"n$ etc. are also en$en!ere!. The form"la astrolo$ers &ho first calc"late the years of the rab+"n$ are as &ell kno&n as the 4st planet' the s"n. That is 3>) years from the be$innin$ of the form"la astrolo$y. BMe mkha'a r$ya mtshoB' 3>)' e("als the n"mber of years that Cyamtso Nam$yal an! Cyalka are on the throne of Shambhala. me mkha'a rgya mtsho rnams la rab byung la sogs a'das pa rnams bsres kla lo'i lor ni rab tu grub% kla klo'i dbang po'i lo ni lag pa gdengs $&*' can zla bas dman pa'i lhag ma dag kyang nyi mas bsgyur% nag pa la sogs zla ba bsres te a'og tu dus kyis bsgyur ba mkha'a me zla bas rnam par dbye% rnyed pa steng du bsres pa dag ni mi yi bdag po zla ba a'tshogs pa rnam par dag par a'gyur% &+ In me mkha'a rgya mtsho' 3>)' years be$ins the 5> year cycle' or rab+"n$' so calle! beca"se it be$ins &ith the fire rabbit year' &hich is itself calle! rab byung. Those etc.' adding the past years of the rab+"n$ cycles' an! in the present rab+"n$ the years "p to this year' the year &hen the form"la astrolo$y is be$"n by the Ith teacher of the /alos' Ma!h"mati' FFoften i!entifie! &ith Mohamme!GG can be fully established. *y the lord of the Lalos' their lea!er or $"r"' Ma!h"mati' the year &hen the form"la astrolo$y be$an' 3>) is diminished by lag pa gdengs can zla ba' 4@6. That is the year &hen the form"la astrolo$y of ri$!en Cyalka be$an. /ike the form"la astrolo$y pro!"ce! by ri$!en Cyalka' this tantra also &ill be ta"$ht in the f"t"re. R4Hth CONUU.RINC ,ORTS <ND D.,.NSI#. M<C9IN.S Defeatin$ enemies in &ar etc. are ta"$ht in %erses 46I-43@. 9a%in$ pre%io"sly !one the time an! !irection po&er calc"lations for the Dharma possessin$ lokapaalas an! for con("erin$ the hosts of others' here the actions of machines "sef"l for that are ta"$ht. ,rom that' in this tantra there are I kin!sA stone-catap"lts etc.' naa$a s&or!s' chariots' sho&-ho"ses' an! circle cannons' Fthro&ersG' to$ether &ith &ater-lea!in$ machines of 46 kin!s. ,rom these teachin$s' 4st the nee! for s"ch machines for o%ercomin$ others is ta"$ht. gyyul du a&pham pa&i dgra bo dag ni gal te a&phral la rd,ong gi nang du b,hugs par gyur pa niAs for enemies to be defeated in war$ if it happens that a r"ler's &arriors remain in their o&n fortress'

phyi rol du ni a&*hrul a&*hor bya ni rgyun chad med par rdo dang me mda&a rab tu a&bab pa dangoutside it machines must be made. .ontinuously stones$ and fire- arrows should descend on them. ral gri sogs gcod pa&i a&*hrul a&*hor dag dang sa g,hi&i gnas la gur dang cog ni dbye /.0 byed1 ba yisOne's o&n palace $"ar!s sho"l! ha%e cutting engines with swords etc.$ and on the ground by performing %a+ra songs and rituals' de yi rd,ong ni phye mar byas te nyin ,hag nyung ,ad dag gis gdug pa&i ni bsgrub par bya-# 2 that fortress will be defeated. "n a few days the hostilities will be successful. 6n!' the e2tensi%e e2planation is ta"$ht in 46 parts. 4M < offensi%e stone-catap"lt is ta"$ht for a plain-fortress s"rro"n!e! by &arriors. *a ba b,hi ni brgyad gnyis *hru ldan mnyam dang mi mnyam gnas nas gnas brgyad du ni phug gyur paAs for 3 pillars$ having 4 cubits' that perhaps means they are 45 c"bits lon$. They are s("are' &ith a &i!th of 45 fin$ers. That is the "ltimate meas"re of the en$ine. <s interme!iate meas"res there are 3 pillars 43 c"bits lon$ an! 43 fin$ers &i!e. The lesser ones are 43 c"bits an! 43 fin$ers. These 3 pillars ha%e equal holes drilled to the east an! &est an! unequal ones to the so"th an! north at the 4 en! places' an! the meas"re of them is 4K) the pillars' &i!th. tha dad rnams ni gdang bu /gdung 51 chu gter dus dang dus rnams *yis te rgyab tu yang ni gcig gis so;here the holes are !rille! there are gdung bu' little rails' e2ten!in$ places. As for these different holes' in front the rails are chu gter 3' to the ri$ht dus, 3 to the left dus' 3. 6o the bac*' in the lo&er part is also #. In the back 6 pillars are : holes. To the east 3 are !isplaye!. <n! to the so"th an! north are 4 each sho&. In the 6 pillars in front are @ holes.

rtsa bar a&*hrul a&*hor tshad ni lag pa bcu ru a&gyur te steng gi cha ni de yi phyed- sgyogs mda&a *hru gnyis dag gis dman par a&gyur te o log bcu /.0 gcu1 yi steng gi cha ni lhag pa&o-# 4 <s for the &i!th of the en$ine' at the bottom$ as for the measure of the 3 pillars of the engine' it is #% lag pa' 4> c"bits. 6he upper part is half that' : c"bits. Those both are s("are. 6he bolts to be shot are less by cubits than the pillars' F45 - 6 SG 43 c"bits. The meas"re of the part above the <'09RU/ S9INC' or central - .-" "#/, the propellin$ shaft &hich en$a$es &ith the hea!s of the bolts to be shot' is 5 c"bits. This len$th of the o log gcu is additional$ not incl"!e! in the base. ,lum por phyed bcas *hru gnyis dag ste sor mo thub pa ma nur nges pa&i bug pa gcig tu niThe center is thick an! the left an! ri$ht faces taper like of o2-tails. Their center is round an! with half the thickness' &ith a meas"re of cubits. The 6 faces are 6> fin$ers. The O /OC CCUJS' 6 peak points o"tsi!e %ases are of )> fin$ers. In the central ro"n! shaft' a hole thub pa' I' fin$ers lon$ an! ma nu' 43' fin$ers &i!e has been c"t. "n that *hru gang dor nas sgyogs mda&a rab tu b,hugs ste o log bcu yi rgyab *yi cha la g,er gyis gdabhole in the O /OC CCU' bolts' !isre$ar!in$ 4 c"bit' 4) c"bit o2 tail forms are ma!e. The thro&in$ arro&s sho"l! be p"t into that hole for prop"lsion. The - .-" B#/0S behind part is fastened by iron nails. It sho"l! be ma!e stable. mgo bor a long dag la thag pa lnga bcu gdags par bya ste steng gi tshad ni ,lum po phyed"n the heads of the thro&in$ arro&s &ith a c"bit meas"re "p to 4K)r! part 6 holes are !rille!' ha%in$ 6 iron a long or rin$s. They are ro"n! an! the circ"mference is 5> fin$ers. They are ma!e of iron ro"n! ro!s of 5 fin$ers. To each of these rin$s 7% ropes should be tied. The "pper meas"re of the O /OC CCU is a half circle. sgyogs mda&i mthar ni md,ub mo dang bcad/lce1 rab tu a&!ug ste gnya&a non ,lum po dag ni mtho gang ngo- # 8 At the throwing arrow end$ as for the point' the fin$er with its tongue fully enters. The thro&in$ arro& en! gnya'a non Fpressin$ G round shapes height is i!entifie! as 45 fin$ers.

sgyogs mda&i md,ub mo la ni a&ur mthil thag par bcas pa dag las nges par *hru gsum dag tu a&gyur *y the 6 nails the thro&in$ arro& an! the ton$"e are thro&n. It points to&ar! the ton$"e tip. 5 fin$ers is the ton$"e presser meas"re. It is place! in its hole "p to the thro&in$ arro&'s presser to$ether &ith ton$"e an! fin$er. As for this finger of the throwing arrow' the slinging palm with the ropes is of a fi(ed si,e of 3 cubits. de yi nang du rdo ba rab tu bcug ste stobs ldan a&then byed rnams *yis a&then par gyur pa dagan! its leather slin$ palm is 63 fin$ers. The center thick brea!th has ri$ht an! left s"btly tapern$ sta$es like an Fo2G tail. 4K6 c"bit is e2tra. "n that thro&in$ palm stones are put. 9aving stron$ h"man power those who pull it pull the ropes an!' btang ba myur du nam m*har a&gro ste a&phral la nges par lhung ,hing *hang steng sogs dang lam srang duas it shoots' s"!!enly they will go quic*ly into space' an! ha%in$ $one they &ill accurately and suddenly fall on houses$ roads etc. mtha&a dag phye mar byas nas sa yi a&og tu a&gro ste rdo r!e a&bab pa !i lta ba nyid b,hin-#3% an! having struc* all those thin$s the rocks will go below the ground$ li*e a s"!!enly descending va!ra' th"n!erbolt. de yi md,ub mo ,la ba phyed pa sa g,hi&i gnas su tshangs pa&i ri mo ngos gnyis dag tu ni6he finger of that machine has the shape of a half moon. :n the ground bet&een east an! &est a painting of Bhramaa belo& the fin$ery is e("ally !ra&n. "n the left and right faces of that pict"re brgyad gnyis btang ba&i gnas rnams dag ste lag pa gnyis *a&i *hu tshur bcings pa las ni btang bar bya-

at !ifferent hei$hts are 4 stone thro&in$ places' &hich are stone throwing places for @ parts of the earth ri$ht an! left. <s for the &ay of thro&in$ stones' release! from both clenched hands of persons$ they should be shot an! gtong ba sa la reg pa nyid de mnyam dang mi mnyam r*ang pa a&*hrul a&*hor nang du gnas pas niat the time of shooting' by fists of the 6 han!s the stone is ma!e to touch the earth. ;hen it is shot to the ri$ht' the face is in the ri$ht !irection. ;qual feet shoot ri$ht an! left. *y placin$ the feet so that they !&ell in the machine unequally to the ri$ht the stone is shot. If 4 shoots in the center' the back is strai$ht. Do it having placed the feet in the machine. rang a'dod rdo ba lhung ste rnam gsum bgrod pa'i dbang gis rdzong ni rnam par gzhom pa'i don du'o% 1(1 ,rom that the stone will fall as # desires. By the power of going in 3 ways to ri$ht' left' or center' there &ill be the goal of completely overcoming the fortress of the o"tsi!ers. gang zhig bsnun pas glang chen a'phral la nges par lhung pa de la srog chags phra mo dag ni ci% 9it by these thro&in$ stones' e%en an elephant will surely fall at once$ not to mention smaller beings. rdzong gi steng khang la gnas dgra dgra dpung ma lus gang phyi rol gnas par lhung byed pa ste% All the enemy army staying in the upper house of a fort will be made to fall outside. sa steng gnas su rdzong gi a'tha'a mo la ni gzhu a'dzin rnams kyis de dang lhan cig su zhig a'dren% Therefore' combatants &hose fortresses are in flat places on the earth with talente! archers grasping their bows cannot rival this machine. gang du a'khrul a'khor rab bsnun rdzong der dgra bo su zhig zhugs pa dag ni gshin rje'i kha ru a'o% 1(&

<here s"ch a machine has completely attac*ed a fort$ the enemies &ho !&ell there &ill come into the mouth of the lord of death. That is the e2planation of the rock thro&in$ en$ine for a flatlan! fort. kha ba dpung pa drug drug dag gis gnyi ga'i $gnyis ka'i' nang ni mnyam pa khru ni zung gi bar $khar''a dag la% Then in the case of &ater-fortifications &ater machines of the nat"re of $reat ships are ta"$ht. 9ere for &ater machines' the thick main timbers are 5 fin$ers &i!e an! 43 c"bits lon$. .lephant-operate! machines are 63 fin$ers. 9orse operate! machines are 6> fin$ers. 9"man operate! ones are 45 fin$ers. ,or the 4st machine len$th is "p to 46 c"bits matche! or a little more. There are $arlan!e!= pillars and dpung pa$ FliterallyA sho"l!ersG. That is' the 6 are each a!orne! &ith ' rails' an! abo%e there are also '. <bo%e an! belo& in both there is equal meas"re' an! as for the cubits of each' ,ung gi *har$ it is 6 c"bits' so that it is e2actly s("are &itho"t more or less. snying po re re nyi ma nyi ma'i khru ru a'gyur te gnyi ga nang ni mnyam pa lhag chad med pa nyid% ,or the 5 pillars an! in the rails' by each of the 6 snying po Fliterally heart' central G combine! they are nyi ma # cubits. = Both pillars an! rails are equal with neither e(tra or lac*. so so re mig kun la spang leb dag dang pags pa spra tshil gos rnams kyis kyang gyogs pa ste% In all the individual re&u mig apert"res shields are arran$e! facin$ in the same !irection'B an! so that &ater &ill not $et in' abo%e an! belo&' to the so"th' east' &est' an! north' e%ery&here at the bor!ers of the in!i%i!"al shiel!s &hich are co%ere! &ith s*in' there are &ater-shiel!in$-cloths r"bbe! an! covered &ith melte! wa(. snying po dus dang brgyad dang skyon dang sum a'gyur nyin byed kyis kyang a'krul a'khor gcig gi rab tu bya% 1(( ,or an elephant machine the SN INC 0O hei$ht is ) c"bits7 for horses 6 4K6 c"bits7 ,or people 6 c"bits. 9o& in the center of the SN INC 0O so that the &ater of the &a%es &ill not enter' as for 6 c"bits of hei$ht' in the throat place of a $reat ship for enterin$ in the mi!!le of the SN INC 0O it sho"l! be !one. *y the !i%isions of lesser' mi!!le' an! s"preme SN INC 0O' there are many machines. dus' of 5 c"b"ts a +=>"=? @: can be for 4 machine an! similarly 4 an! s*yon' 4@' an!

the SN INC 0O of 3 ( nyin byed' 46' S )5' but as for # machine$ in ma*ing it' for crossin$ a $reat ocean the SN INC 0O can be as m"ch as 4'>>>. gnyis gnyis snying po'i bar du a'khrul ba $'phrul pa' dag kyang dpung ba rnams kyis rgya yis btab pa'am kun nas so% 9ere e2ternally there are 3 D0UNC 0< an! rails' to the east an! to the &est D0UNC 0< an! to the so"th an! to the north ' that is 3 alto$ether an! &oo!en pillars up to the snying po 3 CR< Fcorners=' ro& G a&phrul pa' shiel!s' of the dpung pa an! rails' si,e are placed everywhere or place! in a circle. Moreo%er the places of the ro&ers e2cept for slits sho"l! be so circle!. rgyab tu skya ba a'dzin pa drug ste mdun nas dpung pa gnyis ka mnyam pa a'khrul a'khor a'dren pa'am% Behind all the machinesJ 46 R== SN INC 0O are ' oarsmen. Similarly for a $reat en$ine 46 )> an! "p to 4>> as a limit' these oarsman !irectly from in front of the en$ine by the equal D@A=? @A before an! behin! steer the machine' &ith a co"nt as before or accor!in$ &ith the si8e of the machine' "p to the abo%e limit. kha ba'i khung bur rab tu bcugs pa'i gyyo ba'i rlung gi dar rnams kyis ni rlung gis bskyod pa ste% ,astene! in holes in the !irection pillars are moving wind-cloths or sails' an! fi2in$ the sails accor!in$ &ith their kno&le!$e of the !irection &here the &in! is $oin$' by that the ship' moved by wind' &ill $o &here it is steere!. de la zhon pa rang gi sde ni chu yi rdzong dag nyams pa'i don du chu yi gter la a'gro% 1(2 ?oing aboard such a ship-machine' one&s troops enter into the mi!st of the o"tsi!ers waters to harm their sea-side forts an! sei8e territory' an! they go on the ocean. That is the e2planation of a &ater fort &arship machine. chu gter zur ldan stegs bu gcig la gyo ba'i rlung gi dar dang rgyal mtshan bcas pa ka bar gdags% No& !estroyin$ mo"ntain forts. To cast b"rnin$ $rain oil a &in! machine or fire machine is ta"$ht. 9a%in$ chu gter' 3' corners makin$ a 3 cornere! s("are platform in the style of a shiel! in the center of &hich is a ro"n! pillar in len$th ) c"bits in si8e 6 are ma!e in the corner of this shiel!

cloth sails for mo%in$ air !an$ in len$th : br" Fa meas"reG ha%in$ 4 si8e together with victory banners the pillar sho"l! be ma!e. rgyab gyi phyogs nas mi rnams dag gis drangs shing sa las thag pa dag gis steng du a'gro ba ni% /eft ri$ht an! back an! front of the shiel! in the corners are iron ph"rba points ha%in$ rin$s an! ropes tie! to those rin$s sho"l! be tie! to the hea! of the pillar. ) si!es of the machine abo%e an! belo& sho"l! be co%ere! abo%e an! belo& by the stron$est possible co%erin$s. <t the corners are the %ictory banners as e2plaine!. In the belo& ri$ht an! left corners nails "p to 6 br" F a meas"reG are ) ropes. There from the en!s of the ropes combine! into 4 ha%in$ ma!e it of a meas"re e("al of that of the mo"ntain fort. Those ropes from the direction behind the fort are taken an! pulled by men an! from the ground by those ropes' !ra&in$ po&er as for going upward' rlung gis rab tu bskyod par a'gyur ba nges par brag gi rdzong gi steng du a'gro ba ste% that en$ine moved by the wind certainly will go above the roc* fort into the air. de nas mi yis a'bru mar a'phangs pas dgra yi dpung dang rdzong ni thams cad kun nas sreg pa byed% 1(3 In that machine b"rnin$ oil an! people &ith fire sho"l! $o. 6hen' ri!in$ in the &in! machine those people from that &in! machine throw b"rnin$ oil so that the enemy army and fort and all the people will all be burned. The fire machine is s"re to o%ercome a mo"ntain fortress. a'khor lo'i rtsa bar gnas gdan rtse gcig pa ni gzhug cing steng du yang ni a'khor lo dag la ni% On one's o&n fortresses si!es so that others may not enter into the mi!st' as for a hooke! knife machine of &hirlin$ s&or!s' at the of a circle of s&or!s at the en! of the life tree' an iron ma!e space seat # pointed sits in a lo&er hole an! above Fthe space seatG also is a circle$ sor mo gnyis gnyis bar du rtsibs su a'gyur te zlum po'i mtha'a ma ma lus par ni dgod par bya% a &ater &heel' an! &ater !ri%en pa!!les ma!e like a &heel' ie aro"n! the life tree are up to fingers 2 S 3 as spo*es of the &heel7 each spoke consists of 4 of them. The spokes also at all the round ends of the life tree completely per%asi%ely should be established.

a'khor lo khru ni phyed dang gsum par a'gyur zhing gnam ldan steng du gzhan yang der ni srog shing ste% That wheel in diameter$ as for cubits$ there are 3 and #- B and above the space seat also there besi!es the &heel the life tree is place!. srog shing steng du ral gri rnon po myur bar a'khor te a'khrul a'khor gyi ni rtsa ba a'khor bas so% 1() <t the peak above the life tree like the lo&er lo&er &heel spokes' sharp swords are p"t &hich whirl swiftly. They &ill c"t the bo!ies of enemies. That machine by &hich it is ma!e so that the machine&s lo&er &heel's base turns by means of &ater or &in!. The "reat #ommentary says that the &heel of hooke! kni%es &ill be "n!erstoo! by %is"ali8in$ it. *y the %erses it is also completely ta"$ht. Similarly the &in! machine also &ill be %ery clear' so these 6 an! the tent machine are not e2plaine! in the commentary. 9ere !escription of the earlier commentaries is like the &ay of tellin$ abo"t attackin$ &ith b"rnin$ oil. The hooke! knife &heel. thag pa yis ni rlung gi a'khrul a'khor nam mkha'a dag la a'gro ste rang gi phyogs nas rim pas so% <t the top of the fort is place! a &in!mill it is ta"$ht. Dri%en by ropes$ the wind machines go into space. <s in the e2planation of the pre%io"s machine' from one&s own side in the !irection of the enemy mo%in$ according to the stages of the &in!' an! &ith sails etc. "sin$ the &in! as a special mechanical means' $ra!"ally rdzong gi steng dang dgra yi khyim du so sor a'gro bar nges pa nyid du thag pa drangs byas nas% its $oin$ above the enemies' fort and going into their individual houses is a certainty. Men ha%in$ taken the meas"re' having pulled the ropes' sa la tshad kyang de yis brjod par a'gyur te dgra rnams yi ni rdzong gi rtse mo a'byed pa yis% that is the meas"re of hei$ht of the le%el of the mo"ntain an! ha%in$ a measure of +"st the ri$ht amo"nt of rope to reach to the place of the enemy' in that manner it is kno&n or e(pressed. Th"s ha%in$ mo"nte! in an air-$oin$ machine' by having penetrate! or opened the pea* of the enemy&s fortress !estroy it.

rtse la b*od de dgra yi *hang pa&i g,hi dang a&dun sa dag la me ni rab tu a&byin par bya- #32 The fort's essential heart is presented at the pea*$ the enemy&s houses foundations and meeting places as before' 4 should set fire to them. That &as the ascertainment of a &in!mill at the peak of a fort. Then a %a+ra tent machine is ta"$ht for !estroyin$ castle &alls. a'khor lo rnams kyi steng gi cha la lcags dang shing rnams dag gis khang pa chen po bkod pa ni% Usin$ &heels like chariot wheels' in the upper part of iron and wood$ a great tent-shape! house is set up. spang leb dang ni ma he'i pags pa rnams kyis kun nas gyogs par gyur pa zlum pa'i rnam pa ste% .%en in the interme!iate !irections there are shields or b"cklers' and o"tsi!e it is completely co%ere! &ith buffalo s*ins in a round shape. mi rnams dag gis bskyod par gyur pa mnyam pa'i sa la a'obs ni ji srid nyid du a'khor bar a'gyur/ 0"llin$ the machine' men move it. ,rom all si!es equally trenching in the ground' they $o on circling until they complete it. a'obs bkangs nas mkhar gyi rtsig pa dang ni lam srang dag tu a'phral la rab tu a'jug par a'gyur% 1(4 Then the men having filled that trench &ith earth' it is ma!e e("al. They suddenly enter the enemies' castle wall and battlements. In that &ay' !estroyin$ the &alls or battlement-fortifications' they &ill ha%e them in their po&er. That is the %a+ra tent machine. Then an armor piercin$ iron arro& machine is ta"$ht. stegs bu phur pa gnyis la nges par rgyud dang bcas pa'i gzhu ni gyo ba med par btags byas nas% *o&s etc &here fi2e! on the $ro"n! a $!an$ b" or platform in &i!th 5 fin$ers shoots iron arro&s of the same meas"re. .("al to the iron arro& &i!th meas"re from &a F$"tterK !rainG) to 5 those brkos car%e!Ken$ra%e! &a F$"tterK !rainG abo%e an! belo& left an! ri$ht parts iron sticks )5

s("are peak to the platform by nails seale! holes in by s("are iron phurbas at the e!$es an! center certainly together with their strings the bow The ri$ht an! left iron nails hol! or bind them motionless$ and then the aforementione! iron stick peak ph"rba stabbin$ ph"rbas nostrils sho"l! be p"t both on the machine an! peaks. rgyab tu lcags gyi phur ba gnyis la legs bkod a'khrul $'phrul' shing la ni sor mo lta bu phyed a'khyog $'gyogs' rnams<$ain on the behind part of the machine platform to the ri$ht an! left are iron s("are stabbin$ phurbas an! in the mi!!le of the well arrayed @ropulsion shaft are connecte! from 6 to 5 finger-li*e half a&gyogs Fcrooke!' litter' stretcher' lifter==.=G sor mo&i rtse mo dag la g,hu rgyud *yis ni mang ,hing mnyam pa&i mda&a a&am lcags mda&a rnon po rnams*elo& an iron stick of a small hammerJs meas"re of ) fin$ers sho"l! be place! belo& mo%in$ to$ether &ith the ph"rba's rin$. <bo%e at the pea* of the fingers' the bo&strin$ sho"l! be attache!. <t those peaks of the fin$ers at the in!i%i!"al en!s are iron arro&s an! strin$s. By that bowstring &ith equal stren$th many sharp arrows or iron arrows gyyul gyi dus su a&phangs pas go cha dang bcas glang chen lus po phug nas rab tu a&gro bar a&gyur- #38 At the time of war$ by being shot' as &ell as piercing armor' ha%in$ &o"n!e! the bodies of elephants it &ill $o ri$ht thro"$h them. That is the armore! elephant piercin$ iron arro& machine. 9ere as there is little e2tensi%e e2planation by the commentaries' this is merely from the &or!s of the Root Tantra. These machines cannot really be "n!erstoo! by the ro"$h e2planation $i%en' an! the eye of reason cannot %is"ali8e them. Nor !o the earlier Tibetan commentaries say anythin$ in !etail. If &e ha! o%erall si$ht of them' it &o"l! be easy' b"t since there is no &ay &e can' it is all ("ite %a$"e. Th"s' ha%in$ finishe! the e2planation of the I o"tsi!er-con("erin$ machines' no& there are the machines for $"ar!in$ one's o&n si!e. To $"ar! a kin$'s palace' belo& a s&or! machine is ta"$ht. ka ba gnyis ni sa yi nang du brtan par btsugs pa thag pa rnams kyis dkris pa gyur pa ste%

There are .olumns s("are &ith a &i!th of 46 fin$ers' an! 6 lon$ an! short s("ares. They $o 6 c"bits !o&n&ar!s' car%e!' sinkin$ into the ground an! stably placed. They are wound with ropes. thag pa'i dbus su ral gri'i chang gzung tshud pa zlum po dang bcas bskor ba du mas skor gyur pa% <bo%e the earth 6 4K6 c"bits are passe! o%er. Then in left an! ri$ht pillar holes a'phr"l shin$ or rails are place!. 0assin$ abo%e 5 fin$ers ropes are firmly tie!. "n the center of or bet&een 6 ropes is a sphere in &hich are sockets as holders for swords' with a round cavity on &hich are t&iste! ropes' twisted around many times. de yi dbus su ral gri'i chang zung nges par gyyo ba med par gzer gis btab par rab tu a'gyur% "nto the center of that sphere' are place! sword holders. The sphere an! s&or! hol!ers !irectly penetratin$ to fi( them motionlessly' the s&or!s are tightly fastened by nails. gzer dang thag par bcas pa gyogs par bya zhing ral gri a'i so yi rtse mo'i cha yang mnan par bya% 12* Similarly on the front 6 pillars are s&or!s circlin$ in the re%erse !irection from the pre%io"s s&or!s in s"ch a &ay that both the parts of the s&or!s ne&ar the points come to$ether. 6ogether with the nails and ropes e2cept for the places &here the s&or!s come o"t' the machine should be covered by shiel!s' so that it cannot be seen. ,rom abo%e' if the enemies' feet trea! on the sword point tips' spontaneo"sly mo%e. The s&or!s motionlessly should be tread on. de yi steng du bug pa'i re kh5a can gi spang leb las ni bskul bar a'gyur ba a'thon pa'o% Above that the holes &here the s&or!s protr"!e &here they come to$ether &ith the perforated shields$ there &hen anyone places their feet there' from them the s&or!s will be pushed an! go upwards. ral gri'i steng du zla ba'i dbus kyi cha la lcags las byas pa chung du gcig kyang gzhag par bya% Above the swords are the moonsA the name of the rails abo%e the s&or! han!les is Bmoons.B So it is ta"$ht' or perhaps it is talkin$ abo"t the symbols on the shiel!s. <ny&ay' the meas"re of these

rails is 5 fin$ers. "n the center part$ made of iron a treadle F%ery soli!G should be placed for the sake of trea!in$ on the s&or!s. zla ba'i steng du gang gi rkang pa gzhag pa de ni a'phral la ral gri yis kyang gcod par byed% <hoever&s foot is placed above the moons will suddenly be cut by the swords. de nas a'khor lo'i phyed kyi sa la steng du me long do shal rgyal mtshan la sogs bkod pa'o% 12& 6hen in the upper half of the device mirrors$ wreaths$ victory banners etc. are arranged. Then kshaatriya caste &arrior's chariots are ta"$ht. cha phyed dag la a'thab mo yi sa ste mnyam pa dang mi mnyam a'dren byed rta a'am glang po rnams% ,or chariots 4st ha%in$ ma!e a stable life-tree' abo%e the &oo!en a2le &hose &i!th is 5 fin$ers of &oo!' an! len$th nyi ma la$ pa 46 c"bits. by 5 east an! &est an! 5 north an! so"th there is a seat or place for people. Moreo%er abo%e the life tree &here peoples' seats or places are to be a ho"se sho"l! be ma!e. 9o&= In the @ !irections an! in the center e("al to the meas"re of the chariot &heels' or 4KHth the seat s("are. The &i!th of the life tree is 43 fin$ers. Make that into ) parts. The center part is left alone. <t the 6 en! places make holes. 0"t &heel spokes in those holes. ,asten them to the life-tree &ith nails. In the ro"n! holes at their bases they t"rn &ith the &heels. <t the 3 corners of that chariot 3 col"mns meet an! are connecte! to the rails abo%e an! belo& them. The e("al chariot is 4 !ra&n by an e%en n"mber of horses etc. an! the "ne("al chariot by horses etc. of "ne%en n"mber. On the abo%e-mentione! col"mns ha%in$ passe! o%er 4 part' the half part abo%e that is the place of warriors. 6he drawers of equal or unequal chariots are horses or elephants. 6 3 an! 5 are e("al an! ) : an! I are "ne("al an! the hei$ht of the chariot sho"l! be the hei$ht of the bo!ies of the animals that p"ll it. !e nas a'khor lo'i phye! kyi sa la sten$ !" me lon$ !o shal r$yal mtshan la so$s bko! pa'oK 436 6hen the half circle place of the &arriors above sho"l! be bea"tifie! by &ith an array of mirrors$ garlands$ victory banners$ bells etc..

gcig phyed cha gnyis dag ste zla ba lag pa rtse mo can rnams rtsa ba'i gnas dang gdan rnams kyi% #$ half parts. *elo& the place' the place of the &arriors is 4 part. The &in!o&-like hole is 4K6 part. The abo%e sta$e-like &in!o& is also 4K6 part. Combine!' these 6 similar feat"res are 4 part V the 4 part of the &arriors S 6. ,or fi$htin$ in &ar the place &ith the &in!o&s lookin$ in the 3 !irections sho"l! be ma!e the place of the &arriors an! &eapons. ,la ba lag pa rtse mo can is 4 6 ). <bo%e the place of the pillars' rails "p to the !ri%er's place is 4 part of 3 fin$ers. The fi$hters' places on the col"mns are 6 parts of 3 fin$ers. <bo%e' the col"mns are ) parts of 3 fin$ers. <bo%e that is the place of the symbolic thin$s' the %ictory banners etc.. Th"s &ith 4 part etc. the place an! in!i%i!"al seats& meas"re sho"l! be kno&n &ith certainty. zlum po phyed bcas gcig cha pad ma'i shing rta'i sa ni dga'a ba'i dbye ba dag la mnyam par a'gyur% In the !i%isions of ) chariots' the horse !ra&n chariots' &heel S 6 4K6 c"bits. The life-tree is a little o%er 3 times the meas"re of the &heels. The chariot ma.n.!ala complete part meas"re t&ice repeate! is s("are in the 3 !irections. <t the 6 en!s the &heels sho"l! be of that meas"re. The elephant chariot is t&ice as bi$ as the horse chariot. <s it is e2plaine! that it has a ro"n! of 4 4K6 parts' s"ch a sphere is the lot"s chariot's place. <s for establishin$ the !i%isions of the chariot of +oy' rten !an$ bcas pa a'khor lo'i tsha! ni rta !an$ $lan$ po'i !ban$ $is phye! !an$ bcas pa rnams $nyis kyan$K the measure of the wheels together with the 3 supports of those !ra&n by horse and elephant is #- c"bits.B lha rnams kyi ni pad ma'i rigs ni lha yi bu yis dkod pa dga'a ba'i rigs ni mi rnams kyi% 12( 6hose of the gods are of the lotus family. 6hose of the sons of the gods are of the family of !oy. 6hose of humans brgyad dang chu gter srog shing a'khor lo rnams kyis rnams gsum a'dir ni shing rta chen po phyed dang mnyam%

;ith 4 and chu gter' 3' life trees an! @ wheels &ith life tree is a $reat chariot that cannot retreat from &ar. *elo& an! abo%e the 4 &ith has 6 life trees an! 3 &heels' half those of the $reat chariot. 6he 3 chariots here are the great chariot' 4 half that si8e' an! 4 e("al half that si8e a$ain &ith 6 &heels. The chariots of the $o!s ha%e 4 &heel. The s"n's chariot is also like that. nyi ma'i shing rta mchog ni a'khor lo gcig pa mi mnyam rta yang lha ma yin rnams rnam par a'joms/ 9o& so= The sun&s supreme chariot has # wheel and an uneven n"mber of I horses. The asuras have rnam par a&!oms pa all-con("erin$ chariots. gyyul du phyir mi ldog par a'gyur ba mi mnyam mnyam pa'i shing rta chen po rgyal rigs rnams kyi'o/ 6he *shaatriya chariots are equal and non-equal great chariots non- retreating from war. steng dang mngon du phyogs pa a'joms te mnyam dang mi mnyam gyyul du rgyab ni a'joms pa mnyam par a'gyur/ 144 Similarly 4 life tree an! 6 &heel equal and unequal chariots' !ra&n by ) yokes an! 6 ropes &ith horses etc. p"llin$ them' an! in war able to t"rn aro"n! an! $o back&ar!s' &hether they are presse! behin!' or in the above !irection' or &hether they conquer the enemy in front of the p"llers' they equally will conquer. Th"s for $"ar!in$ one's o&n si!e s&or! machines an! kshaatriya &arrior chariots are ta"$ht. Then !e%ices for theatrical entertainments are ta"$ht. /ike the palaces of the $o!s' the nat"re of the mo%in$ places that lor!s of h"mans ha%e for a sho& is ta"$ht. drug ldan /lnga1 chu gter me yi cha rnams dag gis *a ba&i rtse mor bug pa mnyam par rab tu a&gyurThe pillars are 6> c"bits. The back is 63 fin$ers. There are an e("al co"nt of holes ;here= 4 en! of the hole has a meas"re of ' c"bits. The 6n! has 7. The )r! chu gter' 3. The 3th me yi' ). By parts to the tip of the pillar e%ery c"bit there is an equal hole. 3 similar ones are !rille!. The lo&est part is 4) c"bits.

rtsa ba dag las steng du phyed kyi cha ni rtseg ma'i dbang gis a'gyur te lha rnams gzhal med khang% Above the Above the Above the Above the Above the Above the Above the parts are half of that part or I 4K6 c"bits. By the b"il!in$'s storied construction they are like that. <bo%e the assembly palace are rails 3 3 Fsets of 3' @' 45==G in the roof' like the deities& palaces. de bzhin sa la mi bdag rnams kyi rnam gsum rtsegs pa'i dbang gis yul gyi ltad mo dga'a ston la% Li*e the !eities palaces on the ground the places of lords of humans too with triple stories are mo%e! for the country&s shows an! feasts. khru nas khru yi bar dag gis ni phyogs rnams kun tu a'khor ba dang ldan chen por rab tu a'gyur% Crom cubit to cubit ni having wheels in all directions they are immense.#37 The 4st story' &ith pillars abo%e the e2ternally arisin$ rails all s"rro"n!e! by shiel!s. It is circle! by ) c"bits. The 6n! story it is circle! by 4 c"bit. That is the ascertainment of the !eities palaces an! lor!s of h"manss' ho"ses' transporte! for festi%als. a'khor lo'i steng du kha ba'i rtse mo dag la rnam gsum rtseg ma'i dbang gis a'gyogs rnams phyogs kun du% No&' for sprin$ feasts' the characteristics of s&ift &heele! ones are ta"$ht. The pre%io"sly e2plaine! chariots ha! 3 life trees or a2les an! @ &heels' similarly &ith @ wheels above &hich' 3 pillars of the meas"re of an elephant chariot pillar are inserte! &ith the parts of the pillar tips from belo& to abo%e as abo%e e2plaine!' by their 3 stories these quic* ones can circ"late in all the 3 directions. brgyad gnyis brgyad dang de nas phyed de phyogs dang dus dang dus dag lag la rten nyid sa gsum la/ <bo%e the rails 3 3' the 4st story in the 3 !irections are 4 ' 45' platforms. On the 6n! are 4 an! on the )r! are half of that or 3. On the 4st story abo%e are phyogs' 4>' han!s abo%e the rails' an! &hat is %ie&e! from each !irection is like the other !irections. In e%ery !irection of the 6n! story are dus'

5' han!s and an! in e%ery !irection of the )r! are dus' 3' supporting hands. The s"pports of the han!s are the rails of the 3 places or stories. steng dang a'og tu a'khor bar byed pa lag pas gzung ba'i a'khrul shing la ni bu mo rnams kyis sten% for those ) lar$e ones' above the lo&er ones and below the "pper ones' ma*ing a circle$ /or !ust surrounding itD1 hand-held carrying poles carried by noble an! attracti%e yo"ths an! maidens are inserte! in holes in the pillars. nang dang phyi rol dag tu gnas pa a'og dang steng du son cing phyogs brgyad du ni a'gyog $#6 a'khyogs' pa rnams% 12) The "pper poles are inside an! the lo&er ones !e= las outside. *y the stories they go below and above. "n the 4 directions those' &hich mo%e or a&*hyogs pa FcarryG it' are in all !irections or encircle it. Those are the characteristics of the !e%ice's carryin$ apparat"s. It is co%ere! abo%e an! belo&. <s for those poles' the "pper ones are inside and the lo&er ones outside. Contin"o"sly 4 after the other all the machines ha%e all kin!s of "pper stories an! co%erin$s. No& for flo&er $ar!ens etc.' &ater-lea!in$ %ase-&ater machines are ta"$ht. steng dang a'og tu sbubs ni a'gyogs $a'khyogs' par a'gyur te kun nas sbubs $#6 sbub' kyi rnam pa dag gis a'khrul a'khor ro% Above and below or left an! ri$ht' &hiche%er' abo%e is ri$ht an! "p&ar! an! belo& is ri$ht an! !o&n&ar!' ha%in$ a tube like a bamboo stem' as for s"ch a !e%ice it is carried. Correspon!in$ 4 to another' all the machines ma!e are in the form of pipes. The !e%ice is always a &ater con!"ctin$ machine &ith s("are pipes. sbubs kyi rtse mor bum pa'i gzugs la bug pa yang ni sbubs kyi bug pa dag gi tshad du a'gyur% *ehin! it' in the center' is a &ater enterin$ hole that enterin$ a vase shape at the tip of the pipe. The pipe tip is inserte! in the %essel's mo"th. *elo& the %ase's mo"th Bthere is also a hole of the meas"re of the pipe's hole. chu ni a'dren par byed cing drangs pa'i chu ni btang bar a'gyur pa dag kyang bum pa'i bu ga nas/

<s for %ases or pipes of other shapes' alon$ the pipe enterin$ the machine' at its peak or half-&ay "p or +"st in 6 or ) places other t"be tips are seamlessly +oine! 4 to another contin"o"sly' $oin$ from the &ater so"rce to &here the &ater is to be le!. The hole behin! the machine is ma!e to the meas"re of the pipe tip enterin$ the %ase throat' an! from the %ase ha%in$ the pipe' other pipes aro"n! the machine are place! in the &ater. Then &hen the tip of the pipe is +oine! to the others' the holes of the %ase' are p"t in front of the pipe tip. Seale! so no air $ets into it or into the holes of the 6 or ) pipes etc. &hen another pipe is +oine!' hin!erin$ the %ase from in front' the pipe tip hole comin$ into it sho"l! be stoppere! &ith a soft pl"$. Then as lon$ as the machine is f"ll of &ater' if the machine's %ase hole is ti$ht' from lakes etc. the %ase's inner &in! breath con!"cts the &ater. The con!"cte! &ater is s("irte! from the %ase holes. sked mos tshal dang ldum ra dag gi mnyam pa'i sa la gang du drangs pa der ni a'gro bar a'gyur% 12+ So le! the &ater &ill $o to flo&ery pleasure groves and me!icinal gardens. That is the ascertainment of the machine of 4> &aters. Some +oin a Btr"e meanin$B e2planation to these !e%ices' an! tho"$h it may &itho"t $reat contra!iction' the &ise say it sho"l! not be !one. ;itho"t seein$ the machines &ith one's o&n eyes' the pith is "ncertain' an! some &hose intention is easier to "n!erstan! are not e2plaine! in the commentaries. Tho"$h 4 mi$ht make all kin!s of e2planations' the commentaries' &or!s are "nalterably brief an! %a$"e. #ario"s chan$es ha%e occ"rre! &hich are not clearly ta"$ht by former $"r"s. Therefore' these thin$s are s"itably left alone &ith e("animity. ,ollo&in$ the Root Tantra's &or!s' or e%en if 4 follo&s the synta2 loosely' these may still be e2plaine! b"t' if those &ho !o not abi!e in the meanin$ ha%e only a little of it' they sho"l! confess as m"ch. The final s"mmary of the teachin$ of machines &as $i%en as a teachin$ by Dharmaraa+a ?ampel Ma1+"shrikiirti to the *hramin Chariot of the S"n. rab mchog sa gzhi dag la gdug pa can rnams sgrub pa'i don dang chos dang ldan pa rgyal don du% "n supreme $reat ?amb"lin$' the land &here *"!!ha's teachin$s abi!e' to accomplish the hostile action of annihilatin$ those on the si!e of harmin$ the teachin$s' the /alos etc.' an! for the sa*e of victory$ possessing the Dharma$ dang po'i sangs rgyas su ni srid gsum bla mas zla ba bzang la thams cad sngon du gsungs pa gang%

in the s"preme #st Buddha which the *ha$a%an Shaakyam"ni' the guru of the 3 worlds' formerly taught to the nirmanakaaya of #a+rapaa. kin$ +uchandra' from all this abo"t the nat"re of the %o&els arisin$ in speech an! abo"t machines de yi nang nas cung zad tsam zhig a'dir ni de ring yul a'dir khyod la bdag gis gsal bar bstan% Crom this$ !ust a little here today in this country " am clearly teaching to you. rang gnas srung ba'i don du a'di dag mtha'a dag gyis zhig zhe ldang chags pas min no nyi ma kye% 124 6o guard our own land &hich possesses the Dharma use all these thin$s. These thin$s are not to be "se! from passion and aggression. +un Eye. 9a%in$ $aine! complete kno&le!$e of Kaalachakra' that these other thin$s sho"l! also be !one is the certain comman! of the *ha$a%an. .%erythin$ "p to this point' incl"!in$ the o"ter' inner' an! other places' or symbols of the 4> fol! abhisheka are e2plaine! by means of 4> s"mmaries of the "reat #ommentary. ,rom here on' since it is easy to "n!erstan!' no e2planation is ma!e in the commentary. R6>thA T9. C9<KR<#<RTINS CIRC/INC T9. 46 S.CTIONS This is ta"$ht from Bchan$ an! lan tsh&o etc'B %erses 43H-4:H. chang dang lan tsh5o'i chu gter dbus su thub pa sa yi dkyil a'khor la ni las sa yang dag gnas% The inner 5 oceans of chang liquor etc. are insi!e the circle or in the center of the o"ter salt oceans. <ithin the thub pa' Ith' earth ma.n.dala' continent' $reater ?amb"lin$' the place of karma tr"ly e2ists. dpag tshad a'bum phrag gsum la nyi ma'i dum bu rnams su mi yi bdag po rim pas a'khor bar a'gyur% <ithin its o"ter circ"mference of 3%%$%%% pagtse are the sun&s sections. <mon$ these 46 continent sections' Lord of 9umans' the Dharma-chakra%artins circle s"ccessi%ely. On these the pad ma can #ommentary on 7ifficult 8oints says BThe bha$a%an Kaalachakra circles.B That refers to the mantra teachin$.

dum bu gcig pa dpag tshad stong phrag nyi shu lnga ste nor gyi a'dab ma dag dang bcas pa'o/ 47.2 <mon$ these 46 continent sections the # section of lesser ?amb"lin$ e2ten!s 7$%%% pagtse. That is )>>'>>>K46. The !istance from so"th to north e("als that from east to &est. They are the same. In this case' if the nor' @' petalled' !i%ision of this lesser ?amb"lin$ in the 3 !irections an! 3 interme!iate !irections is e2plaine!' Shambhala is "nchan$eably in the center of ?amb"lin$' of the sections of In!ia an! Tibet etc. as !etermine! by solar sha!o& sticks' as formerly ta"$ht. In!ia' Tibet' Khotan' China' $reater China' an! the section of Kailasha in this lesser ?amb"lin$' so"th an! north' ha%e a combine! brea!th of 6:'>>> pa$tse. 6:'>>>K5 S 3455.: pa$tse' ))) bo&s' )@ c"bits. The &i!th of the Kailasha section is +"st that. To the north of this Kailasha section' relati%e to the place of Mt. Mer" bein$ ma!e the back' an! to the so"th the ri%er Shiita bein$ p"t in front7 half of that section is in the &est' ri$ht' !irection. 9alf is east or left. In the ri$ht half of that is Shambhala. It is sai! to be shape! like an @ petalle! lot"s. That appears in the learne! an! accomplishe! one's "reat #ommentary itself. Some C"r"s say the co"ntry of Shambhala is half the meas"re of this continent' some 6K)' some +"st 4K) etc' an! tho"$h these %ie&s are &i!ely hel!' if this is e2amine! by reasonin$' the meas"res of the 5 re$ions into &hich ?amb"lin$ is !i%i!e! are +"st ro"$hly e("al. Shambhala is on the ri%er Shiita's north bank' an! that co"ntry's parts are !i%i!e! into @ petals' since other&ise it is not s"itable. North of this lesser ?amb"lin$'s ri%er Shiita' the section of Shambhala' like an @ petalle! lot"s has @ petals in the 3 main an! interme!iate !irections of the central na%el' de yi dbus na kai la sha ste mchog gi gangs ri yis ni phyogs rnams kun tu bskor ba'o%129 "n the center of the @ petals is the $reat ro"n! hi$h peak of Mt. Eailasha. The central place is lar$e an! %ery %ast an! in the mi!!le of that is the Kaalaapa palace of the ri$!ens an! !harmaraa+as' ha%in$ a &i!th of 46 pa$tse. In the center of the front an! so"th si!es of this palace is the pleas"re $ro%e Malaya of 46 pa$tse' in the center of &hich is the palace of Kaalachakra erecte! by Kin$ S"chan!ra. In the east of that pleas"re $ro%e is the lake nye ba'i yi! an! in the &est ;hite /ot"s lake' both in &i!th 46 pa$tse. <ro"n! the palace are 4>'>>>'>>>. %illa$es. *ye baJI $ron$. This co"l! also mean a city of 4> million. <ll these are %ast places &hose e!$es are s"rro"n!e! by mo"ntains an! forests &ith sno& on the peaks of the mo"ntains. If so' if the palace is in the center' on the peak of 4 sno& mo"ntain peak' Kailasha' it sho"l! not be tho"$ht that it is any smaller. The layo"t of the co"ntry of Shambhala is like an @ petalle! lot"s. 4K )r! part of this' the na%el of the co"ntry' like anthers' in the mi!!le of lofty risin$ peaks is the palace an! the cities of its re$ion.

*eca"se the mo"ntains peaks s"rro"n!in$ it at the e!$es are sno& peaks' it is calle! Kelasha' beca"se itD /the regionD1 is surrounded by supreme snow mountains in all directions. sa la kai la sha'i dum bu gangs ki ri dang bcas pa de ni kun nas gsum cha ste% "n the mi!!le of that land of Shambhala is Eailasha section's e!$e with its snow mountains. It is 4K) of the &hole co"ntry. phyi rol du ni a'dab ma re re dag kyang nyin byed yul dang ling gi yul rnams dag gis brgyan% In the center of the Kailasha section is the palace &ith the city of Kaalaapa' &ith its ten million %illa$es' outside of &hich are the lot"s's @ petals' each of &hich has nyin byed' 46' $reat regions' H5 alto$ether' .ach of these H5 $reat re$ions also adorned with 4>> sub-regions. 4K) of the &hole is the na%el re$ion. .ach petal is also 4K)' in the manner of an @ petalle! lot"s. Many commentaries say' BShambhala etc. the H5 re$ions.B *y that bein$ ta"$ht' as for Kailasha section an! Shambhala' the central palace' an! Kaalaapa city' if they are !ifferent they &o"l! clearly obstr"ct each other. .%i!ently the partic"lar name Kailasha is someimes "se! in an all-incl"si%e &ay to refer to Shambhala to$ether &ith its H5 o"ter cities. gyyas gyi phyed na sham bha lar grags thub mchog gi gnas grong ni bye ba lhag par gnas pa ste In the ?onan$pa translation 4 section is 6:'>>> pa$tse. +hambhala is said to be in the right half. 6he place of bhramins and e(cellent sages has H5 2 #% million villages an! the 4> million %illa$es aro"n! the palace are places in addition to that. bye ba'i grong gis nges par bcings pa yul du a'gyur te rgyal khams grong ni a'bum phrag rnams kyis so% 13* To$ether &ith its @ petals' the sno& mo"ntains s"preme in all !irections completely s"rro"n! it. In the center is Kailasha. On the earth Kailasha's section' &ith the sno& mo"ntains is 4K)r! of the &hole. .2ternally each petal is a!orne! by 46 re$ions an! their s"b-re$ions. .ach re$ion has4> million %illa$es' an! the s"b-re$ions ha%e #%%$%%% villages. Di%i!e! by !i%isions of 4 6 ) 3 : 5 I @ etc. as for &heel-ha%in$ lor!s of h"mans gcig gnyis gsum dang chu gter dbye ba mda'a ro thub pa lnga dang a'jig rten la sogs dbye ba yis% 4 6 ) an! chu gter mda&a ro' 3 : 5 !i%isions th"b pa' I' etc. by these !i%isions of the &orl!'

phye ba mi dbang a'khor lo can ni sa gzhi dag la a'khor te rnam shes ldan pas btsal bar bya% !i%i!e!' &heel ha%in$ lor!s of h"mans in the lan!s t"rne!' are to be so"$ht by those ha%in$ conscio"sness The &heel ha%in$ lor!s of h"mans circle! the !i%isions of this circle on the earth. *y those ha%in$ conscio"sness of that' they For their teachin$sG sho"l! be so"$ht o"t. So translate! it is easy to "n!erstan!. ;here in the &orl! !oes Shambhala e2ist= ;hat is its name. 9o& many cities !oes it ha%e= ;hat sort of r"lers !oes it ha%e= That is ta"$ht. The ri%er Shiita flo&s "p to it from the ri$ht an! on&ar! to the left. This re$ion of lesser ?amb"lin$ is !i%i!e! into 6 sections. The east of this continent is co"nte! as the front an! the &est the back. In that style' so"th is ri$ht an! north left. If so' as has been ta"$ht in this tantra many times' if 4 mentions the right half )4:3m' it is "n!erstoo! that the earth is ben$ !i%i!e! into ri$ht an! left parts' an! there is also a left half. Shambhala is north of the ri%er Shiita. The Ri%er Shiita bein$ in the center makes it the re$ion of hal%in$. Tho"$h Shambhala e2ists there' it nee! not e2ten! o%er half of ?amb"lin$. These !ays 5 co"ntries inner re$ions cross the northern section place center' b"t they !o not fill the half of left an! ri$ht. <ccor!in$ to the learne! an! accomplishe! "reat #ommentary' as formerly ta"$ht' it's bein$ e2plaine! to be in the ri$ht half is "n!erstoo!' as soon as the meanin$ of ri$ht is e2plaine!. The name of that co"ntry is Shambhala. The place &here the bhramins an! the S"preme Sa$e &ere has H5 2 4> million %illa$es an! the city aro"n! the central palace is a place of more than 4> million. Moreo%er in e%ery petal 46 $reat re$ions e2ist' &ith e%ery re$ion certainly ha%in$ 4> million %illa$es. It is a bi$ co"ntry. .ach of the H5 re$ions is r"le! by lor!s of h"mans &ith $ol!en cro&ns &ho are !e%a an! naa$a emanations. In each $reat re$ion' the s"bre$ions incl"!e 4>> cities' each &ith 4>>'>>> ho"ses. It is sometimes sai! that Shambhala is in the sno& mo"ntain &est half section' !i%i!e! into 5 re$ions. That the many cities of Shambhala co"l! be containe! in +"st that m"ch space is impossible. To clear a&ay the !o"bt' that is ta"$ht in the learne! an! accomplishe! one's "reat #ommentary itself. There are many !ifferent assertions abo"t the si8e the co"ntry of Shambhala' b"t' e%en from the %ie&point of those &ho maintain the bor!ers are small' the o%erall meas"re is :>> pa$tse. :>>K @ pa$tse S 56 4K6 pa$tse as 4 petal's or inner ra!i"s &i!th. In calc"latin$ the total area of 4 petal' the o"ter e!$e meas"re an! inner e!$e meas"re' are respecti%ely 4K) an! 6K) of the ra!i"s. So that the !iffic"lt calc"lation may be easily !one' from the o"ter e!$e meas"re of 46: pa$tse s"btract a ("arter' a!!in$ it to the inner e!$e' e("ali8in$ the o"ter an! inner e!$es. ,rom the o"ter

e!$e of 4 petal to the inner e!$e the len$th is 4K) of :>> pa$tse' 455.:' 4'))) fathoms &ith a !ifference of @ c"bits' @ fin$ers. *y a!!in$ the &i!th an! len$th of a petal' 4 petal's total area &ill not be $i%en. .%en fools kno& after a!!in$ the &i!th meas"re an! len$th meas"re of 4 petal' that if 46> million %illa$es are to be establishe! there' more m"ltiplyin$ an! !i%i!in$ m"st be !one. The !i%i!in$ metho! is a kno&n practice. In that' for e2ample' in a pict"re &ith a $ri! of 4I crosse! linesG' there are 45 s("ares "p&ar!' an! 45 across' the total n"mber is not the )6 $aine! by a!!in$ 45 "p&ar! an! across. The len$ths of the abo%e petal's thicker hea! an! thinner tail nee! to be a%era$e! then m"ltiplie! by the &i!th to $i%e the area. Moreo%er for e%ery city in e%ery re$ion the pa$tse an! $yan$$ra that arise in this &ay &ill not s"ccee!. Combinin$ m"ltiplie! an! m"ltiplier into a total' !i%i!e by 6' an! s("are. The petal hea! an! tail meas"re pa$tse 46: 2 3 S :>> $yan$$ra 2 6>>> S 4'>>>'>>> fathoms of 3 c"bits in &i!th are the n"mber of 4 bs$ri$s phren$. The s("are fathom co"nt is 4'>>>'>>>. The len$th meas"re 455 pa$tse 2 3 S 553 r$yan$ $ra$s 2 6>>> S 4')6@'>>> fathoms. 9alf the pre%io"s remain!er pa$tse !i%i!e! into fathoms is 3'>>>. <lso a!! ))) fathoms' by &hich' the total is 4 million V )))'))) fathoms. That 4 len$th $arlan! combine! co"nt' is m"ltiplie! by 4 &i!th $arlan! combine! co"nt S 4')))')))'>>>'>>> an! that is the n"mber of 4 len$th in fathoms S M"ltiply that 4 len$th by 4 &i!th S 4')))')))'>>>'>>>. The area of 4 petal is appro2imately that many s("are fathoms. .ach of the petals has 46 $reat re$ions. 4')))')))'>>>'>>>K 46' S 44'444'>@)'))). That is the area in s("are fathoms of 4 $reat re$ion. Discar!in$ the remain!er of 3' !i%i!e by 4>' >>>'>>>. .ach %illa$e's allotte! lan! area is 4'444 s("are fathoms. The brea!th of Shambhala' e%en in the tra!ition that says it is %ery small is 3455 pa$tse' 4K6 $yan$$ra' ))) c"bits' an! @ fin$ers7 not to mention that 2 ) as the circ"mference of the @ petals. Th"s &e see ho& those &ho !o not closely e2amine an! !o not ha%e faith in Kaalachakra create the ca"se of bein$ tro"ble! by ambi%alence an! foolish talk. This is clearly sai!. Their teachin$s say that if Shambhala !oes not ha%e an area like half or 4K) of ?amb"lin$' it co"l! not contain so many cities' an! it is necessary to clear "p s"ch thinkin$. <lso they ha%e not $athere! the total instr"ction of the &or!s' &hose meanin$ &as f"lly presente!. No& ho& the Shambhala /or!s of 9"mans arri%e is ta"$ht. Dissimilar &ays of e2plainin$ B4' 6' )'B etc. occ"r. <ccor!in$ to those follo&in$ the little commentary 8emachen' arisin$ in the 46 earth sections as the *ha$a%an's &heel of Dharma t"rns' non-!"al &is!om is 4' "paaya an! pra+1aa 6' bo!y speech an! min! )7 bo!y' speech' min!' an! %a+ra &is!om are Bch" $ter'B 37 Bm!a'a'B : is the : families of the p"rifie! skan!has or the : &is!oms7 Bro'B 5A is the 5 families' the : to$ether &ith the &is!om skan!ha7 Bth"b pa'B I is I b"!!ha families7 an! for @ is the : skan!has V ) families etc. The &heel-possessin$ lor!s of h"mans t"rn the &heel of these Dharmas on the earth. So it is e2plaine!. That is &hy the : skan!has an! families occ"r 6 times etc.. BTh"b pa'B I' is the I

limbs of enli$htenment or I limbs of "nion. ,or @' If the noble @ fol! path etc.' the %ario"s $ates of Dharma are ta"$ht an! the @-spoke! &heel of !harma e2plaine!' that is $oo!. .%en if this story abo"t the /alo con("erors an! the &heel-ha%in$ of lor!'s of h"mans is ref"te! by capable ones' it !oes occ"r in the act"al &or!s of the *"!!ha *ha$a%at. If the Dharma is "n!erstoo! beca"se of the &heel- ha%in$ lor!s of h"mans' there is no "ns"itability. *y some peopleJs interpretation' 4 is the &rathf"l &heel ha%er. 9e an! his son makes 6 arisin$ at 4 time an! the sons of those are ) an! 3 : 5 I an! @' &ith Betc.B makin$ H etc. In the case of the &heel ha%in$ ri$!ens an! their sons' &earin$ oneself o"t &ith !i%isions is f"tile. The !i%isions of the &heel ha%ers are not incl"!e! in these &or!s' meanin$. So the capable ones ha%e ta"$ht. <lso some interpret it as sayin$ that in this continent the /alo con("eror an! the &rathf"l &heel ha%er &ere 4st in 4 an! then in 6 ) 3 etc. the remainin$ 44 sections. There &ere also s"ccessi%ely arri%in$ /alo con("erin$ &heel ha%ers' the 6n! etc. "p to 46' for 4'@5> years. That *"!!ha himself &ith a sin$le bo!y in those 44 continents took 46 Dharma teachin$ births nee! not be accepte!' an! accor!in$ly in this continent' the teacher !i! not e2plain that the ri$!ens &heel-ha%ers came to Shambhala in 46 !issimilar births7 b"t this' as the former $"r"s e2plain' is "ncertain an! !iffic"lt to establish by reasonin$. 0erhps the ri$!en &heel ha%er &ho in this continent &as the con("eror of the /alos' in the other 44 for a short time also con("ere! non-!harma. 0erhaps at the time of con("erin$ /alos in this continent emanatin$ &ith his army' he con("ere! non-!harma there. The /alo 0ersian !harma really !i! arise in this continent' b"t in all other continents there is no certain script"re an! reasonin$ sayin$ &hether or ho& it arose. So it is ta"$ht. The /alo con("erors came 4st into the 4st continent' lesser ?amb"lin$' an! then circlin$ ri$ht in or!er con("ere! continents 6 ) 3 : 5 I @' etc. "p to 46. The 46 !i%isions of the establishment of the *"!!ha's teachin$s by the &heel-ha%ers in t"rn are similar. Since these script"res are "ncertain' an! comin$ to a !efinite !ecision by reasonin$ is !iffic"lt' &hate%er it &as like in the 46 earth sections' the teachin$s of the *"!!ha circle! in or!er' an! the teachin$ the $reat lor!s of h"mans &ho t"rne! the &heel of Dharma there sho"l! be proclaime!. Other script"res say that in K"ra%a etc. the pratimoksha %o& &as ne%er ta"$ht. Uns"itable to s"pport tho"$h that may be' it is not incompatible &ith the holy Dharma %essel of mantrayaana. The &heel of Dharma of the Tathaa$ata co"l! still ha%e been t"rne! in all 46 karmic earth sections. Moreo%er at the en! of the 3 times of pre%io"s teachin$s' refreshe! by the emanation of Ma1+"shri' the &heel-ha%er lor! of h"mans' a$ain the sta$es are entere! of the 3 times of the teachin$s. There the con%ention of the earlier an! later sprea!in$ of the teachin$s is ma!e. The 3 times of the teachin$s also circle! s"ccessi%ely in all the continents an! in all continents too the earlier 3 times sta$es arose an! after that a tra!ition maintainin$ the later 3 times sta$es arose. The )

ha%in$ perio! etc. are e2plaine! as bein$ at the Bback of'B after' the kin$' from the %ie& of the continents. The time of the later kin$s arisin$ &as the completion perio!. <fter that' the ) ha%in$ an! other sta$es of the 3 times arose' it is e2plaine!. gcig gnyis gsum dang chu gter dbye ba mda'a ro thub pa lnga dang a'jig rten la sogs dbye ba yis% Th"s e2presse! in the in!i%i!"al tra!itions' the s"itable s"b+ect' from the %ie&point of the Dharma to be ta"$ht' in this case as pre%io"sly' is non-!"al &is!om &hich is coemer$ent or # s"chness. 0ra+1aa an! "paaya are . The yo$as of bo!y speech an! min! are 3. .hu gter' 3 is the divisions of the 3 %a+ras. Mda&a' :''a is the : families or : &is!oms. Fo' 5' is the 5 paaramitaas' or the : families V &is!om S the 5 families. 6hub pa' I' is the I limbs of enli$htenment or the I limbs of "nion. 7 and a&!ig rten' )' S @' is the noble @-fol! path. By those etc. other divisions phye ba mi dbang a'khor lo can ni sa gzhi dag la a'khor te rnam shes ldan pas btsal bar bya% divided' a' the &heel t"rners especially the noble wheel haver lords of humans t"rne! the &heel of Dharma in the 46 earth sections. By having tr"ly e2amine! consciousness' that same holy Dharma ta"$ht by the capable ones should be sought for the sake of the si!!hi of mahaam"!raa. Only intrinsically ta"$ht by these &or!s' in the 46 earth sections' from 4 to 46' a Dharma teacher' a &heel ha%in$ lor! of h"mans t"rne! the &heel of Dharma an! ta"$ht. ,rom 4 to @ etc.' an! at last to 46' as in!i%i!"al re$ions' Dharma teachers' 4 &heel ha%er &as !i%i!e! into 46. <s 4 s"n co%ers 46 ho"ses or 46 earth sections by transitin$ their 46 !i%isions' by the inconcei%able &is!om kaaya' for those &ho &ere to be tame! by peacef"l or &rathf"l forms' in the in!i%i!"al continents the holy Dharma shone like the !ay brin$in$ s"n. Those &heel ha%ers are so"$ht an! relie! on by ha%in$ conscio"sness that kno&s accor!in$ to &hat is ta"$ht in this tantra. The &heel ha%ers &ere in accor! &ith tr"e &is!om' as &ill be e2plaine! belo&. Re$ar!in$ the %erse B;heel ha%ers an! half-ha%ersB etc' takin$ it in 6 senses !ifferent pre%io"s e2planations arose. <ccor!in$ to the pemacan' follo&ers the *ha$a%an himself' by his po&er of tamin$ ha%in$ taken the name of #i.sh.n" to accor! &ith the thinkin$ of the m"tek e2tremists' !i! benefits for bein$s. <s for that' &heel ha%ers an! half ha%ers an! fra$ment ha%ers an! re$ional lor!s of h"mans ha%in$ m"!raas in their han!s' others from those &ith the name of #i.sh.n" also !i! benefit for bein$s. Th"s o"tsi!ers ascertaine! 4 year an! 6 transits etc. the !i%isions of time. Their benefittin$ sentient bein$s &as like the lor! of the &orl!' the *"!!ha' bein$ in 4 an! 6 etc.. So it is e2plaine!.

...ni yul gyi mi bdag phyag rgya'i lag ni de las gzhan% Some' e2plain 4 as abo%e' an! say the &heel ha%ers an! sons are 6' an! the half-ha%ers ). Other than those' arisin$ at the same time' there are "p to H section ha%ers an! Bco"ntry Fha%erG h"man lor!s &ho ha%e m"!raas. Other from those nirmanakaayas' these are or!inary lor! of h"man sa$es &ho arose as o"tsi!ers' ascertainin$ !i%isions of $oo! an! ba! an! their connections an! bor!ers. /ike the *"!!ha Dharma of &orl!ly khenpos' the kno&le!$e of $oo! an! ba! times accor!in$ly arose. So it is e2plaine!. <ccor!in$ to R&apa 4' 6 an! the follo&in$ meanin$s are e2plaine! like this. 4' 6' ) an! 3' !i%isions Oby time-ha%in$ !ays'P by the !i%isions of @ etc. 9a%in$ rea! that' The Dharma parts 4 6 ) an! 3' are by !i%isions of the 3 times' the time of strife' the 6- ha%in$ an! ) ha%in$ an! completion ha%in$' ha%in$ as !ays !ays of the nWpa' &ith the time of 4 nWpa solar !ay. O"tsi!er &orl!ly teachers' A dra A no gha dang phag ldan% <!ra' <no$ha' 0ha$!en' an! the : byi ba dbang po gos dkar can dang sbrang rtsi blo gros a'joms byed brgyad pa gang de mun pa can% +yi ba' &an$ po' $Nkarchen' !ran$tsi lo!rN' +om+e <s : the o"tsi!er &orl! teacher $os !kar canA etc. : an! <r!hana etc. arose by !i%isions' for the sake of tamin$' the teachin$ of the *"!!ha' the s"preme lor! of h"mans' therefore pro!"ce! f"lly perfecte! masters. <s for the &heel ha%ers' by the forms of those &ho &ere to be tame! abo%e the earth' circlin$ in the Bnyi ma'B 46 !ifferent earth sections' they arose &ith skillf"l means of tamin$ those to be tame!. 9o& so= Those possessin$ the &heel of the f"lly complete! teachin$s r"le! in the 3 continents. 9alf masters of half teachin$s ha! half of that or 6 continents. Masters of fra$mentary teachin$s ha! mastery of half of 4 fra$ment of a continent. Masters of a co"ntry &ith 4> million %illa$es &ere the co"ntry's lor!s of h"mans. Those &ith nat"res ha%in$ the limit of r"lin$ m"!raa kin$!oms of 4>>'>>> ho"ses &ere those &ith m"!raa-han!s. Other than that the teachin$s &ere hel! by or!inary sorts of people. Moreo%er e2ternally by the !i%isions of time' accor!in$ to the arisin$ of the /alo' ri$!en tamers also certainly arose. The protectors of the &orl!' the b"!!has an! bo!hisatt%as ta"$ht so that they co"l! tame the o"tsi!er teachin$s. So it is e2plaine!.

Some say the Ri$!en &heel ha%ers an! their sons are the half ha%ers. The many sons of the bhramins etc. arisin$ to$ether &ith them are fra$ment ha%ers. In their co"ntries the lor!s of h"mans are the mantra han! hol!er nirmanakaayas. Or!inary sa$e lor!s of h"mans also arose' it is e2plaine!. Many e2planations' that an! others arose. ,rom these &hat is the s"itable part= 4st con("erin$ the /alos' the b"!!ha !harma establisher Ri$!en Drakpo $oes to all the 46 continents' in all of those he Bpossesses the &heel of mastery'B 9is sons *hramaa an! Shi%a are each r"lers of half these continents' so they are the Bhalf ha%ers.B The *hramin son Es"n$ &ho later arri%es at the Ri%er Shiita's so"th bank' r"les the kin$!om of Shambhala' 4 of this continent's 5 sections. *y that he Bpossesse! the section.B So it is sai!' Bas for section possessorsB the 4st of these be$an &ith a'Es"n$' contin"in$ "p to @. <fter that Bthere &ere the lor!s of h"mans ha%in$ mantra han!s'B ie those hol!in$ a kin$'s symbol in their han!s' an! the ones Bother than thoseB &ere the !ifferent kin!s of lor!s an! military officers &ho &ere there. B<mon$ the o"tsi!ers' accor!in$ to Bthe !i%isions of time'B the perfection ha%in$ etc. certainty arose.B B?"st like the lor!s of the &orl!'B the b"!!has an! bo!hisatt%as after that' the mantra n"mber 5 an! la$ pa' 6 S @ &as that of the lor!s of the 4> families. Other lor!s ha! not attaine! the bh"mis. ,rom the 4st of those fra$mentary &heel hol!ers to the final Hth' in lan!s o"tsi!e of Shambhala' certainty arose abo"t the teachin$s of the &heel ha%ers in the 3 times' perfection ha%in$ etc.. <s the *"!!ha's teachin$s arose s"ccessi%ely in the 3 times' it &as like that. .2planations other than this !o not make any real sense of Bsection ha%er.B The meanin$ of B$raspin$ a m"!raa in their han!sB too is obsc"re. So it is ta"$ht. Then the !harmaraa+as birthplaces an! the time of their t"rnin$ the &heel of Dharma is ta"$ht. a'od zer bdun dang ri gza'a thub rnams a'dir ni de bzhin snying stobs ldan pa lha yi skye gnas te% I li$ht rays etc. are ta"$ht. 0emachen an! his follo&ers say that the meanin$ of this an! the pre%io"s ) %erses is that for the sake of tamin$ the m"tek e2tremists' the *"!!ha ta"$ht by emanatin$ in accor! &ith their thinkin$. The 2 light rays etc. are the I .ri.shis an! the ri g,a&a' planets &hich are thub' I. These possess the essential po&er' sattva. 6hose li*e that &ith only %irt"o"s tho"$hts' ha%e a divine birthplace. The @ a%atars ta"$ht for #i.sh.n"' the fish etc.' beca"se of ha%in$ mi2e! %irt"o"s an! non-%irt"o"s tho"$hts' are create! by raa+as's spirit an! as"ra birthplaces. So it is e2plaine!. 9ere the skille! say that a *"!!ha emanation ha%in$ mi2e! %irt"o"s an! non-%irt"o"s tho"$hts is "nacceptable' too e2treme' an! that s"ch a meanin$ is not bein$ ta"$ht. Tho"$h that is in!ee! ref"te! an! b"!!ha an! bo!hisatt%a emanations cannot really ha%e mi2e! tho"$hts of %irt"e an! non-%irt"e. 9oe%er' it seems &itho"t contra!iction that in terms of pacifyin$ those to be tame!

an! enterin$ into &rathf"l actions they seem to e2press in these &ays. The nat"re of the %irt"o"s an! non-%irt"o"s actions appears in those te2ts. <lso some say that there are 5 li$ht rays' an! then I' an! ri is I an! $8a'a is I an! th"b is I. *y a!!in$ the ha%ers to the t&o half ha%ers there are )3 of these ha%in$ satt%a an! a !i%ine birthplace. nya dang rus spal phag pa mi yi seng ge dang bcas mi'u thung dang dza mad ag ni dang% raa ma nag po de ltar brgyad ni lha min rigs la a'jigs ster rdul gyi a'byung po'i skye gnas so% sum cu rtsa gnyis gdan gyi mthar ni lha min dgra bo tse lo brgya pa phyag na a'khor lor a'gyur%13& The section ha%ers ha%e the name Ofish.P The @ kin!s' tortoise etc.' are as"ra an! /alo families of a fear-besto&in$ raa+as nat"re' ha%in$ the spirits birth place. Others say that there is no reason for so e2plainin$ the 5 &or!s of li$ht rays an! that the )6 all bein$ calle! &heel ha%ers also is &ron$. <lso some say li$ht rays is 46 names. The ajra :ala ;<plaining the "uhyasamaja Tantra says B<s for that' there are 46 li$ht rays. They are li$ht-increasin$ brilliant li$ht rays.B <s ta"$ht there etc.' from Ma1+"shrikiirti there are 46 ri$!ens then I an! I a$ain an! I !harmaraa+as. It is the I !harmaraa+a sa$es &ho ha%e the !i%ine birthplace. Ma1+"shrikiirti has the fish birthplace. ,rom 0ema Karpo' 43 ha%e the tortoise' then 5 are the boar. ,rom the ri$!en /ion of Men "p to Ra"!rachakrin' : s"ccessi%ely are incl"!e! in lion of men "p to ri$!en Na$ po. Those @ ha%e the spirit birthplace. The %erses &ith this meanin$ are 45I ff. That is ho& others e2plain the 46 li$ht rays. This &ay of speakin$ !oes not arise in the "uhyasamaja symbols. There Bli$ht raysB is a name for praa.na. B,rom the heart' an eye etc.B means arisin$' ie !isc"rsi%e tho"$hts of $raspin$ an! fi2ation pro!"ce praa.na's 46 li$ht rays' an! the li$ht increasin$ etc. is ta"$ht to be beca"se of that. 9o&e%er' there are others &ho !onJt a$ree. <ccor!in$ to R&apa the o"tsi!er teacher Maarici' &hich means li$ht rays' an! the 5 <.m$ira etc.' those I an! the I.ri.shi emanations of the I planets &ere the 43 sa$es &ho ha! the !i%ine birthplace. @ ha%in$ the names of fish etc. ha! the spirit birthplace. ,or these 66 s"ccessi%ely arisin$' at the en! of 4>> years' as"ra enemies ha%in$ &heels in their han!s arose' it is e2plaine!. O<t the en! of the seats of the )6'P act"ally sho"l! say 66' it is maintaine!. The many styles of e2planation appear' are in!ee! not all that m"ch in contra!iction' an! if this is +oine! to the $enerations of seat hol!ers the e2planation is $oo!. a'od zer bdun dang ri gza'a thub rnams a'dir ni de bzhin snying stobs ldan pa lha yi skye gnas te%nya dang rus spal phag pa mi yi seng ge dang bcas mi'u thung dang dza mad ag ni dang%raa ma nag po de ltar brgyad ni lha min rigs la a'jigs ster rdul gyi a'byung po'i skye gnas so%sum cu rtsa gnyis gdan gyi mthar ni lha min dgra bo tse lo brgya pa phyag na a'khor lor a'gyur%13&

The light rays of holy Dharma emanate kin$ S"chan!ra etc.' the 2 !harmaraa+as. Then Ma1+"shrikiirti etc. are the ri$ I' ri$!ens7 <rkakiirti Fk"lika @G etc. are the I planets. <nanta Fk"lika 4:G etc. are the I sages. <fter those 3 sets of I' li*e these pre%io"s ones' there remain 3 a!!itional ri$!ens. ,rom these of )6' the 4st I !harmaraa+as have sattva an! the divine birth place. *y that the co"rsin$ of the 3 !harma le$s is complete!. Ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti has a fish-like birthplace. 9e is the 4st stopper of the /alo !harma. The 5 from 0".n.!ariika to #i.sh.n"$"pta *epa ha%e the tortoise birthplace' the I from S"bha!ra to Da'N pig an! the I from <nanta to the en! have the lion of men birthplace. Ri$!ens Narisi.mha an! FMahesh%ara=G Mi&u thung' are the $reat lor! #i.sh.n" d,aa ma da agni' the .ri.shi ama's son Raama the battle a2e $rasper. <nanta%i+aya is h"man kin$ Shin$ta's 4>th son' ha%in$ 4> million +oys' Faama. Ra"!rachakrin is =ag po or Krishna.B As for these 4' on the asura /alo family bestowing fear' they ha%e raa!as ("alities' po&er an! the a&byung po spirit birthplace. In this case after the learne! accomplishe!' I !harmaraa+as an! I ri$!ens an! another I S 64' there is yet another I. ;ith 3 a!!itional &heel ha%ers alrea!y liste!' V their sons *hramaa an! Shi%a an! Es"n$' there are another I S ): &ith the ("ality of satt%a' ha%in$ the !i%ine birthplace. <fter that arisin$ in or!er' the pre%io"s Bmantra han!B' is e2plaine! as the @ fra$ment ha%ersA 4M fish' 6M tortoise' )M boar' 3M lion of men' :M !&arf' an! 5M D8aama!a <$ni's son Raama the battle a2e $rasper. IM ?oy pro!"cer Raama @M the one ha%in$ the name BKrishna.B These @ besto& fear in the as"ra family by their raa+as ("alities' an! ha%e the birthplace of spirits an! h"mans. So it is ta"$ht. In the "reat #ommentary an! other te2ts there are no e2planations of this to be seen. The commentators took &as s"itable to their o&n min!s' an! many !issimilar mo!es of e2planation arose. In the tra!ition itself' the s"itable thin$s in this case are the )6 $enerations of seat hol!ers. The e2planation of birthplaces is clear an! l"ci!. <!!in$ the 6 sons of Ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin Drakpo an! Es"n$ is "seless. <s for the BI li$ht rays an! ri $8a'a th"b paB here similarly' there m"st be a reason &hy these &ere +oine! to$ether. The Ri$!ens other than Ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin are of the as"ra family beca"se of besto&in$ fear. If 4 thinks this e2planation is not s"itable' 0al!en Ra"!rachakrin ha%in$ a short spear besto&s fear in the as"ra family. So it is ta"$ht. In accor! &ith as"ra /alo teachers' tamin$ ones also arise' an! that if the /alosJ teachin$ is "ns"itable' the principal &heel hol!er really besto&s fear in the as"ra family' an!' beca"se of stoppin$ the as"ras' is of e("al taste &ith them. In the so"rces abo%e an! belo&' mostly from the earlier commentators' tho"$h in!ee! 4 can see ho& they reasone! abo"t &hat is s"itable or not' o%er time a $reat many &or!s of p"rportin$ proof an! ref"tation ha%e proliferate!. Since benefittin$ others is !iffic"lt' !onJt speak !eliberate ref"tin$ &or!s to anyone. ?"st $rasp the "nspoken an! ine2pressible pith. The meanin$ of this

tantra' as &ell e2plaine! by these former commentators' pro!"cin$ respectf"l ackno&le!$in$ tho"$hts' insofar as appropriate' sho"l! be ma!e the principal point. sum cu rtsa gnyis gdan gyi mthar ni lha min dgra bo tse lo brgya pa phyag na a'khor lor a'gyur%13& The I !harmaraa+as an! 6: ri$!ens' bo!hisatt%as an! &rathf"l kin$s' are 3 emanations' an! as for the last seat' there are )6 $enerations of seat hol!ers an! 6: ri$!ens. ?amyan$ Ri$!en Drakpa himself a$ain is the asura con("erin$ all the /alo enemies with lives of #%% years' ha%in$ in his hand a wheel. Craspin$ a &heel in his han! he rises. <s for /alo tamin$ ri$!ens' those to be con("ere! are the /alos. ;hy so= The &ay of arisin$ of the /alo teacher an! the /alos' beha%ior' is ta"$ht. A dra A no gha dang phag ldan lha min lag a'gro'i rigs la mun pa can ni gzhan yang lnga% <!ra' <no$ha' pha$ l!an' in the as"raK naa$a families' ha%in$ !arknessK thamas there are also : others byi ba dbang po gos dkar can dang sbrang rtsi blo gros a'joms byed brgyad pa gang de mun pa can% AA dra means half or m"r!ererKe2ec"tioner Anogha' means no &a%es or &itho"t sickness @ha*den. The other 7 are of the family of a partic"lar kin! of asura calle! lag a&gro F$oin$ on the han!sG having a naa$a family thamas birthplace. These Naa$a kin$ an! other FteachersG are also :. byi ba Fmo"seG <angpo' lor! ?G*archen' ha%in$ &hite $arments Fsame &or!s as 0an!ara%asiniG Drangtsi LodrG Fhoney intellect Ma!h"matiG. Hom!e Lor Thr"$+e M 6hose are the 4 with dar*ness as a birthplaceG. B<n!hakaB is both blin!ness an! !arkness' from &hich 0emachen an! CarN /otsa&a come "p &ith the i!ea that these @ are blin!. In any case' &ith

these /alos' e%il !octrine's inner !arkness' they mi$ht as &ell be blin!' an! after !yin$ they are born in hell. Some think that it is the !arkness of hell that they &ill ha%e. gsal bar mkha'a yul gyi baa ga la sogs grong khyer du ni bdun pa yang dag skyes pa ste% gsal bar In Mon$olia' or the space country' in the cities of Baaga!a' meanin$ speech $i%en' etc.' the 2 /alo teachers "p to Dran$tsi lo!rN' Ma!h"mati' 9oney Intellect are truly born. Ma!h"mati sprea! the /alo !harma tra!ition fo"n!e! by Rahma.na. <s s"ch an! as the fo"n!er of &ho initiate! /alo form"la astrolo$y he is re%ere! as the lea!er an! $"r" of the /alos. gang du a'jig rten lha min yan lag stobs dang ldan pa gnas shing brtse ba med pa kla klo'i gzugs%13( <s for the beha%ior of the /alos' whatever co"ntry in the world they are in' they ha%e asura aspects or procli%ities or are of that family' the party of Maara. Dwelling on having power an! %iolent action' without *indness to&ar! sentient bein$s is the Lalo form or &ay. rnga mo rta dang ba glang bsad nas khrag dang bcas pa'i sha ni chung zad btsos pa a'ba'a zhig dang% The people in those co"ntries' personally kill camels$ horses$ and cattle an! eat their flesh together with the blood with little coo*ing' mostly ra&' as their only foo!7 gcig tu me la btsos pa nags kyi a'bras bu dag dang bcas pa gang du mi rnams dag gi zas% or only coo*ed on a fire when with forest-fruits$ it is these people&s food. % ba lang sha dang dngul chu dang mar dang tsha ba mnyam pa a'bras dang lo ma bsres pa ni% gcig tu me la btsos pa nags kyi a'bras bu dag dang bcas pa gang du mi rnams dag gi zas%btung ba bya rnams dag gi sgo ngar a'gyur ro mi yi bdag po de ni lha min rnams kyi gnas% 132 < h"n!re! pechas a$ree that ba lan$ sha is beef an! dngul chu' "s"ally merc"ry or semen' is B&omb-&ater of the horne! ones.B CarN /otsa translates B'b" btsas ch"'B as Bchil!-bearin$ &aterB an! notes that the holy Sakya /ama's "reat #ommentary says that is cream. I think milk mi$ht also be s"itable. 9e saysA water$ oil$ and salt are mi(ed equally with forest fruits' grain and leaves'

an! then coo*ed together on a fire. <here they li%e' in Space City' Mon$olia' that is the food of the /alo people.B bt"n$ ba bya rnams !a$ $i s$o n$ar a'$y"r ro mi yi b!a$ po !e ni lha min rnams kyi $nasK4:3 Birds eggs are their drin*s.B They make a sort of e$$no$ from beaten e$$s. Kye' Lord of 9umans' such practices are the style of the asura /alo people's place or co"ntry. 9a%in$ !ark min!s' the /alos too arise by the po&er of time' th"s ho& !oes the *ha$a%an say that transm"tation of these &ill occ"r &ithin the realms of sentient bein$s= thig le nus ma mig sman dag dang mkha'a lding lha yi chu bo mi sbyin dang ni a'dod a'jo dang% There are 6 &ays this can be e2plaine!' absol"te an! relati%e. 4st for s"preme st"!ents bindu is "paaya an! male an! nIma is pra+1aa an! female. The s"chness of these t&o' inseparably +oine! as the 4st *"!!ha &is!om kaaya' is the eye medicine clearin$ a&ay obsc"rin$ !imness' the s*y soarer or $ar"!a &ho eats the poisono"s snake of the kleshas' an! the divine river that &ashes a&ay obsc"rin$ stains. In the &orl! anythin$ like that is not given. < s"preme .ri.shi' trea!in$ the s"preme path strai$htfor&ar!ly an! e2actly' by the 6 si!!his satisfies all desires &itho"t remain!er. rdzong dang glog dang rig pha $pa' bzang po a'gyur med mchog gi cha dang lha yi skad dang lus med de% This is the fortress that Maara cannot !estroy and the lightning of shinin$ &is!om in the !ark tomb of i$norance. Those %erses symbolically e2press the meanin$' an! by that f"nction good insight becomes inner s"preme insi$ht the changeless supreme aspect This becomes the 5> parts of completion of the 66'5>> instants. These e2press the principal' special feat"res of the teacher's min!. <s it has no motion or tho"$hts of moti%ation' in accor! &ith the in!i%i!"al lan$"a$e of those to be tame!' the speech of the teacher al&ays is !istin$"ishe! by speakin$ &ith s"preme divine speechB and without a body $athere! to$ether from atoms' the r""pakaaya nat"re possesses emptiness the s"preme of all aspects. yang dag rgyu'i gzugs a'di rnams kyis sa la a'jug par a'gyur ro rgyal ba yi ni ye shes sku% ;hile not mo%in$ from the &is!om kaaya of b"!!hahoo!' for the sake of those to be tame!' by "n!ertakin$ b"!!ha acti%ity' &ith the form /or nature1 of true motion these ruupa*aayas

enter the earth for the sake of bein$s benefit an! happiness. Th"s the wisdom *aaya of the Jictorious :ne' a'byung bar sngar dang a'byung dang a'byung a'gyur rig byed rtog ge la sogs bstan bcos mtha'a dag rab tu smra% 133 beca"se it is non-!"al' abi!in$ in e("ality &ith s"preme "nchan$in$ space' &hate%er kno&ables previously have arisen' are presently arising$ or will arise in the f"t"re' are prophesie! an! tol!. S"ch a Dharma teacher kno&s all that has arisen or &ill arise &ithin the ) times. 0artic"larly in %ario"s shastras of the sciences and philosophy etc that see the topics of this si!e $i%in$ $oo! reasons for c"ttin$ off e2a$$erations of insi$ht etc.' rectifyin$ the &or!s of the scientific shastras' an! in me!icinal science ha%in$ both c"rin$ an! protectin$ ("alities' completely e(pressing all the ca"se an! fr"ition %ehicles' s"ch a teacher teaches the Dharma. These teachers are +oine! to the inner meanin$' by the !i%isions of the 3 +oys' bin!"' an! the 4> nWma &is!om praa.nas etc.' &hich are not mentione! here. ,or or!inary ones to be tame! by relati%e appearances in a %ariety of forms' to benefit bein$s' the teacher' s"bstantially establishin$ bin!" in the forehea! etc.' $oes in%isibly an! in space an! so on. Many thin$s of !ifferent kin!s that satisfy %ario"s !esires are establishe!' s"ch as fortresses &hich o"tsi!er a$$ressors cannot breach. Teachers $o &here%er they &ant like li$htin$. In their min!s the si$ht of s"chness' $oo! insi$ht' the chan$eless aspect of s"preme min! is attaine!. Teachin$ the Dharma in the lan$"a$es of the $o!s etc.' &itho"t coarse bo!y' attainin$ a bo!y of the essence etc.' teachers benefit practitioners on earth &ith %ario"s si!!his of mantra form or nat"re' teachin$ the kno&ables of the ) times' the : sciences' etc. to those to be tame!. In brief' /alo !harma arises from the ca"se of "nkno&in$ !arkness' &ron$ly teachin$ the meanin$ of thin$s' an! harmin$ sentient bein$s. ,or this reason it pro!"ces "nhappiness. The *"!!ha Dharma tells ho& to re%erse that. dpal ldan rgyal po nyi ma a'ga'a zhig dag gis Sha mbha la zhes rab tu grags pa'i ka laa pa% Then from the Root Tantra the *ha$a%an' besto&in$ the tr"e &or! on Kin$ S"chan!ra says' ?lorious *ing' an! &hen he ha! so a!!resse! him' S"chan!ra' ha%in$ commente! on the Root Tantra for some Kdays$K ie 4 year lastin$ )5> !ays' yo" &ill teach it to others an! b"il! the palace of Kaalachakra. 9a%in$ complete! those an! other actions' in the center of the very famous country of +hambhala' in the city of Eaalaapa' s"rro"n!e! by mo"ntains in the 3 !irections an! of a meas"re of 4>> pa$tse m"ltiplie! by m!a'a F:G

lha yi dbang po rab mchog mi yi bdag por bzhag nas khyod ni rang gi gnas su a'gro bar gyis% the emanation of Kshiti$arbha Lhayi <angpo himself &ill be established as a supreme ruler of humans an! appointe! to the teacher linea$e. S"chan!ra' as for yo"' you will go to your own place' as the emanation from &hich 4st yo" came. dpal ldan sha kya'i rigs la rab gsal mi yi bdag po bdun te brgyad pa dpal ldan grags pa yang% Some e2plain his o&n place as bein$ the emanation of #a+rapaa.ni' some as sambho$akaaya or chan$ lo chen' the northern b"!!ha fiel!. This ha%in$ been tr"ly besto&e!' the *"!!ha sai!' Oas for the &ay of arisin$ of the ri$!ens bein$ prophesie!' "n the glorious +haa*ya family' &ill arise the kin$s of Shambhala in the linea$e of Nyima'i E an! the very brilliant lords of humans from S"chan!ra to /ha'i ;an$!en' the 2 !harmaraa+as. The 4th will be glorious Dra*pa.P a'di ni dpal ldan a'jam pa'i rdo rje lha yi mchog gis btud pa rdo rje'i rigs kyis rigs ldan te% Teachin$ the Root Tantra for 4>> years' as for this Drakpa' his &ill be the va!ra reality of glorious Hampa' Ma1+"shri' appearin$ in phenomenal form as the kin$s of Shambhala &ho &ill be calle! nirmanakaayas. .%en the supreme deities will bow !e%ote!ly at their lot"s feet. ;hen Ma1+"shrikiirti has finishe! teachin$ the Dharma for 4>> years' certainty &ill be $i%en to the bhramin .ri.shis Chariot of the S"n etc.. By bein$ empo&ere! in the s"preme mantra %ehicle of the va!ra caste. They hel! !ifferent castes' bhramins etc.' or of no caste at all' &ith !ifferent !isciplines. rdo rje'i dbang bskur byin nas mtha'a dag thub pa'i rigs rnams dag ni rigs gcig dag tu byed par a'gyur% Therefore' the secret mantra va!ra empowerment will be given to the 3 castes' an! all the brahmins will be made into a single va!ra caste$ the +age&s family' an! beca"se of that they &ill be calle! Bri$!ens.B <fter that' the @ kin$s of Shambhala "p to Ma1+"shrikiirti also &ill be $i%en the name Bri$!en.B yang dag theg par mngon rdzogs lha min rigs la a'jigs ster dpal ldan grags pa phyag na mdung thung can%

Cully completing this true vehicle' the fr"ition secret mantra %a+ra %ehicle' they &ill be tr"e lor!s of the 4>th bh"mi. *y $lorio"s Ra"!rachakrin' bestowing fear in the Asura Lalo family$ For in the as"ra family by his besto&in$ fearG having a short spear in his han!' sems can rnams kyi thar pa'i slad du sa la dus kyi a'khor lo rab tu gsal bar byed par a'gyur%13) for the sa*e of the liberation of beings' an! for the sake of s"preme enli$htenment' the si!!hi of mahaam"!raa' on this earth this Abridged Tantra of Kaalachakra' &ith its 64 syllables an! 4>)> %erses &ill be very clearly produced. Ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti himself' by $raspin$ the flo&er $arlan! of composition' &ill pro!"ce it. de yi dbus su gdan ni nyi shu rtsa lnga rim par yongs su grangs pa dag gi dus kyi mthar% <s for the incl"!e! or center seats among those ri$!ens' the time of a succession of 7 having been completed' rigs ldan rigs la lha yi dbang po lha yi mchog gis btud pa drag po'i rigs ldan a'byung bar a'gyur in the conflict of that time' those in the 6: seat-hol!er $enerations of the rigden family h"man linea$e are born not only as h"mans b"t also as lords of the divine assembly$ the supreme gods' *hramaa an! Shi%a etc. &ho also pay homage at their lot"s feet. <t the en! of that series' the emanation of Ma1+"shri Faudracha*rin' the &heel-ha%in$ Figden$ arises. Tho"$h to the /alos their con("eror manifests %ery &rathf"lly' since his min! &ill not mo%e from the peacef"l state of !harmataa' dam pa rnams la zhi ba'i gzugs te bde ster zhes pa de bzhin kla klo'i rigs la mthar byed nyid% for holy beings7 Ma1+"shri' <%alokitesh%ara' etc.7 he is !isplaye! in peaceful form. Teachin$ the Dharma' he is the bestower of chan$eless s"preme bliss. +imilarly$ for $raspers of the tra!ition of !harma of the Lalo family' &ho !&ell on &ron$ paths an! harm sentient bein$s' by po&er of the $reat ob+ectless compassion' he breaks the contin"ity of their path of ba! karma' annihilating it so that they see the "nbearable $leam of the s"n of reality. The Dharma enters e%ery&here

rdo yi rta chibs a'khor lo can gyi phyag na mdung thung mtha'a dag la snun byed nyi ma'i gzi%134 riding a stone /va!raD1 horse the wheel haver Faudracha*rin holding a short spear in his hand$ /with1 all-piercing sun/-li*e1 brilliance... ;hen !oes this fi$htin$ arise bet&een ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin an! the /alos= rigs ldan rigs gi dbus su lag pas bsgyur ba'i dus kyi bu dang tsha bo dag ni a'das gyur pa% Among the family lineage of rigden Ma1+"shrikiirti la$ pa' ( dus$ 3 S @ ri$!ens' sons an! $ran!sons etc.' from 0".n.!ariika to Shint" San$po pass. FFk"lika H S"bha!raGG !e yi !"s s" n$es par mkha'i y"l !" kla klo chos rab t" a'+"$ pa !a$ t" a'$y"rK At that time$ ascertained in the realm of space by 9oney Intellect' the Lalo dharma enters everywhere. Then it takes o%er. ji snyed kla klo'i dbang po gdug pa ji snyed lha yi mchog gis btud pa drag po'i sngags ldan yang% As many as the succession of vicious Lalo lords$ so many ri$!ens bo&e! to by the s"preme $o!s arise. The 4st 5 ri$!ens of the family having the mantra of Dra*po also arise. de yi dus su gnyis po dag kyang sa yi steng gi gnas su a'khrug pa drag po a'byung bar a'gyur%139 At the time of the &heel ha%in$ Drakpa' bet&een both the armies of the ri$!ens an! /alos on the ground of this ?amb"lin$ an! in the s*y above$ a fierce war will arise. R 64st' T9. /</O D9<RM< 9<#INC *..N CONUU.R.D' T9. ,U// N<TUR. O, T9. *UDD9< D9<RM< .XISTS. The &ar &ith the /alos etc. is ta"$ht in %erses 45>-6. gyyul du kla klo dag la snun byed mtha'a dag sa yi steng du rang gi dpung ni yan lag bzhi% COM0/.T.

9o& !oes the army of ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin con("er the /alos= "n war the Lalos penetrate everywhere above the earth. The Drakpo &heel ha%er's own army has chariots' horses' elephants' an! foot sol!iers' the 3 *inds of troops. dus a'dir kai la sha yi ri bo lha yis bkod pa'i grong nas a'khor los sgyur ba a'byung bar a'gyur% At this time of fi$htin$ &ith the /alos' !&ellin$ on Mount Eailasha$ from the divinely built city Kaalaapa the wheel turner ri$!en Drakpa comes forth &ith his army. drag po phung po tshogs gyi dpa'a bo a'phrog byed dag kyang rigs ldan la ni grogs dag sbyin a'gyur te%

<t that time' there &ill are the allie! &arriors of the $reat lor! Dra*po an! @hung po' translate! skan!ha' like a $oo! &ife' SK.M * .D Fmake thin' !ryG' an! 0rince or 5 faces' Lsome pechas say B5 facesB an! some B0rinceB CarN the translator says Min!r"$' calle! B!an$ $yi 8os tshan$s paB meanin$ Bp"re foo!.BM The 4 calle! Bassembly lea!erB &ill in fact be the assembly lea!er. It is sai! that a&phrog byed' Shi%a' an! the other 46 $reat $o!s &ith their retin"es &ill give assisting troops to the rigden Ra"!rachakrin. rdo rta glang po'i dbang po ser gyi shing rta mi bdag phyag na mtshon ldan dpa'a bo rnams kyang ngo% 1)* ,rom the s"preme horse sama!hi' the ri$!en &ill emanate stone horses' an! lord of elephant gold chariots' an! lords of humans with weapons in hand. These warriors &ill be the ri$!en's army. The n"mber of the armies is ta"$ht to be +"st me F)G. rdo yi rta ni rlung gi shugs can yon tan gyis bsgyur yon tan bye ba kha dog sna tshogs pa As for stone horses having the power of wind' there are yon tan ( yon tan' F) 2 ) 2G #% million S H> million. Moreo%er they &ill have a variety of colors. chang gis dregs pa'i glang chen rig byed ces pa'i a'bum phrag grangs dang shing rta a'bum phrag a'byung ba dang%

;lephants maddened by liquor are rig byed' 3' an! that many 2 #%%$%%% will be their number. Similarly there &ill be a&byung ba' :' 2 #%%$%%% chariots.

A kau.sh= hi $#6hai' .n>> drug dang mi yi dbang rnams cod pan bcings pa'i rigs ni ro dang dgu bcu ste% and ' AA *au.sh hai .n"" and lords of humans of families bound with crowns ro$ '$ dang 8%K <a ka".sh hai .nii is a n"mber name for the 3 armies. Can!ra m!a'a says it is from ak.sha "hi.ni. <ccor!in$ to that' the <k.sha &heel or D*<NC 0O &ill enter. The Uhi so"n! or association &ill enter. ?oine! as a si$n of the possessin$ con!ition is n.nii. *y +oinin$ these aka"shai.nii is establishe!. ,or the assemble! army' ha%in$ the assembly of the &heel' elephant mo"nte! troops &ill be 64'@I>. 9orses &ill be of the same n"mber. Chariots &ill be ) times that' 5:'54>. ,oot sol!iers &ill be 4>H'):>. 0emachen teaches 5 million foot sol!iers as 5 <<ka"shai.nii. <<ka"shai.nii that army co"nt' if it is not reali8e!' that is &hat it is. CarN the translator sai! it is 5 battles. * IS DOS MIC says 5 mthon$ tsha!. Fmeas"res of as far as one can see=G These translations are not &hat it means. Some say the n"mber of &arriors is "n!eci!e!. In this case' in the earlier commentaries' horses an! elephants are fi2e! at the abo%e chariot co"nt' an! here an <<ka"shai.nii is sai! to be the foot sol!ier co"nt alone. <ccor!in$ to the 7eathless Treasury for each ) horsemen there are : foot sol!iers. In that case' since the tantra teaches there are H> million horsemen' there are 4:> million foot sol!iers. 0erhaps by acco"ntin$ "p to former : <<ka"shai.nii' foot sol!iers are )6'@:>'>>>'>>>' an! that is the co"nt of 4 <<ka"shai.nii of foot sol!iers. That 2 5 S 4'H5@')>>' >>>'>>>'>>>. This is e2plaine! as the co"nt of the foot sol!iers. ,rom this an! the "reat #ommentary this there is no easily "n!erstoo! e2planation. Other passa$es abo"t n"mbers !o not teach this' an! since there is nothin$ to be $aine!' no p"rpose appears for spec"lation. In te2ts teachin$ the co"nt of stone horses an! elephants of the chariots' e2cept for teachin$ this as an <<ka"shai.nii' Bthe $reat kshaatriya mo"nts in partic"lar are an <<ka"shai.niiB nothin$ at all is sai!. In the te2t an! commentary' &hy isn't it s"itable if the &ell kno&n' army B3B co"nt is m"ltiplie! by 5 million'= In co"ntin$ this meanin$less n"mber of foot sol!iers' the necessity is like that. The &ay of calc"latin$ the n"mber of the army e2plaine! in the 7eathless Action #ommentary is &ell-kno&n7 b"t &hen 4 presses for a reason for this "ne2plaine! miscalc"lation' none appears.

<ccor!in$ to the "reat #ommentary, the te2ts incl"!e the meas"re Bth"bB FIG so that no 4 can !isp"te it. The co"ntry of Shambhala's H5 /or!s of 9"mans crown bound family is ro and 8%' H5. If so' rigs ldan khyab a'jug a'phrog byed dag dang bcas pa sde a'di dag gis kla klo rlag par byed par a'gyur% 1)1 Figden Faudracha*rin an! Ji.sh.nu and a&phrog byed' !ban$ phy"$ chen po' Shi%a. The e("i%alent of a'phro$ bye! is 9ari' BlionB an! for khyab+"k' !rakpo' #i.sh.n" etc. many meanin$s enter in. Th"s the army of the ri$!ens an! army of the 46 $reat $o!s to$ether with their hosts destroy the Lalos. mchog tu tsha ba'i dpa'a bo rnams kyis kla klo'i tshogs la bsnun bya glang po'i dbang pos glang po la% <s to the &ay they fi$ht' the ri$!en's supremely sharp or splen!i! ardent warriors ha%e a bra%e !etermination to con("er an! are skille! archers' "nobstr"cte!ly piercin$ &hat they aim at. They smite the Lalo host &ith their &eapons. /ike&ise the lords of elephants of the ri$!en host smite the /alo elephants. rdo yi rta yis rta rnams la ste mnyam dang mi mnyam gyyul du sa skyong rnams kyis sa skyong la% The stone horses smite the others' horses. ;hether as &arriors of equal n"mber F&ith the enemyG' or of unequal co"nt m"t"ally &a$in$ war' the sa*yong lor!s of h"mans of the ri$!en's retin"e F*"stNn says these are H5G smite the sa*yongs in the retin"e of the lor!s of the /alos. rta la gnas pa zla ba chen po'i bu ni ha nu maa ndaa rnon pa'i mtshon gyis bsnun par a'gyur% <s for the /alo $eneral Bmounted on a horseBK <sh%atthaama' the son of Mahaacandra$ 9anumaandaa FSK 9an""maanG' in the retin"e of the ri$!en' smites him with sharp weapons. drag po kla klo'i dbang mgon mtha'a dag lha min bdag po byas pa'i blo la drag po'i rigs ldan gyis% 1)&

<llie! &ith the ri$!en' Drag po F!ban$ phy"$ chen po S "s"ally Shi%a' b"t SSK has Fthe $o!G R"!raGG etc. the $reat $o!s' smites all the Lalo lord&s protectors on the si!e of the as"ra maaras. By the &eapons in the han! of the rigden &heel ha%er Ra"!rachakrin FFRa"!rakalkiiGG himself' he &ill smite the as"ra lea!er byas pa&i blo- Er.namati. FF*"tNn rea!s Oas"ra lea!erP as appositi%e &ith Oall the /alo lor!'s protectorP. In any case if !ra$ po' refers to Shi%a rather than Ri$!en !ra$ po' as Mipham sai!' there m"st be 6 ob+ects of the smitin$ of the $o!s an! the ri$!en himself. Therefore byas pa'i blo has to be a name. Orofino s"$$ests that bya ba'i blo' BmakerKmakin$K or ma!e min!' SK K.rnamati is a translation of a(l fa a'aal' acti%e intelli$ence of Islamic philosophy' i!entifie! &ith the archan$el Cabriel. That implies' he concl"!es' that the a"thors of the Kaalachakra ha! some contact &ith the Shiites. 9e also cites reasons &hy some ha%e i!entifie! the lalo lea!ers &ith Noses' ?es"s' etc.GG Th"s the lea!ers of the /alos to$ether &ith their host' an! those on the si!e of !arkness &ho are their protectors &ill be completely con("ere!. R66n! 9O; T9. .SS.NC. O, T9. 0<T9 O, T9. ;OR/D/ <ND ;OR/DTR<NSC.NDINC SIDD9IS IS *.STO;.D ON <// *.INCS. kla klo bcom nas khyab a'jug drag po dang bcas rigs ldan ni% kai la sha yi ri bo lha yis bkod pa'i grong khyer gang du a'khor lo can dag gnas par a'gro% That topic is ta"$ht by 6 feet of %erse 45). Th"s as for the host of Ri$!en Drakpo' all these' after all the host of the Lalos has been conquered$ Ji.sh.nu$ +hiva$ etc. and their retin"es' attainin$ ri$!en-hoo!' on the mountain Eailasha$ going to the god-built city Kaalaapa. They abi!e as &heel ha%ersA &ith the basis of &heel ha%in$ they &ill become s"ch bein$s. 0emachen says they become the : eyes of Kaalachakra. So it is e2plaine!. Th"s the /alo contin"ity &ill be c"t. de yi dus su a'dzin ma dag la mtha'a dag skye bo'i rigs ni chos dang a'dod pa nor rnams rdzogs% At that time on the earth there are a caste- family of all beings. They are of &holesome min!' an! both hosts acti%ities &ill be o%er. Dharma and what is desired$ wealth an! liberation' the fr"ition of the 3 classes of those are entirely complete.

a'bru rnams dgon par skye ba dag ni shing rnams a'bras bu brtan pos dud pa de dag a'byung bar a'gyur%1)( ?rain grows &ell e%en in deserted' solitary places' an! the fruiting of trees is steady an! like 4 bowed by the $reat &ei$ht of a loa! of t&i$s' people arise &ith many en+oyments. kla klo'i tshogs ni a'khor gyi skye bo dang bcas rab tu bcad nas mi yi lo ni brgya phyed na% As for the Lalo host$ together with the beings of the retinue' the contin"ity of a!harma is f"lly cut off and then &hen the years of h"mans are half #%%' :>' rigs ldan grub par a'gyur te lha yis bkod pa'i pho brang mtho ba kai la sha yi rgyab tu'o% as for becomin$ &heel ha%in$ rigdens' the si!!his of the celestial realms' bein$ a ri$!8in an! mahaam"!raa are established. Craspin$ the interpretation of the commentary' sentient bein$s are le! to the celestial realms. If it is aske! &hat place is establishe! an! $aine!' it is the god built palace' in %ery high Kaalaapa behind Mt. Eailasha. Other translations say that after the /alo army' &ith the people of the retin"e' is completely c"t off' in half 4>> years thin$s are $oo!. The ri$!en an! his retin"e attain the si!!hi of $oin$ in space. The meanin$ is that they attain the celestial realms. 9ere $oin$ into the place establishe! by the Ri$!en sho"l! be e2plaine! as attainin$ nir%aa.na7 b"t since the ri$!en is also Ma1+"shri' pre%io"s immeas"rable kalpas a$o he alrea!y establishe! s"preme si!!hi. Sayin$ that he literally attains it no& is not &ell tho"$ht o"t' tho"$h it is so e2plaine! in some commentaries. That it seems ne&ly establishe! from the %ie&point of those to be tame!' !oes not contra!ict the teachin$s. O"r teacher Shaakyam"ni himself also &as pre%io"sly empo&ere! as a tathaa$ata. Tho"$h he ha! attaine! b"!!hahoo!' &hen he str"$$le! in this fiel!' in this time &hen the li%es of h"man bein$s are 4>> years' it is ta"$ht that he became enli$htene! at #a+rasana "n!er the bo!hi tree. Since the actions of those empo&ere! as b"!!has an! $reat bo!hisatt%as are inconcei%able' e2plainin$ that this &as !one by tho"$ht also is not $oo! an! not &ell tho"$ht o"t. The commentary of 0emachen says that the ri$!ens &ith their retin"e $o to the bha$a%an Kaalachakra's : eyes. Tho"$h that is &hat is sai!' that they $o &itho"t aban!onin$ the bo!y is the meanin$. In this tantra it is ta"$ht that the $reat ri$!en &heel-t"rners &ill r"le in the 46 earth sections. Some say that !"rin$ the time of strife' no &heel ha%er arises' &hich contra!icts script"re. This itself is the $reat &heel t"rnin$' tho"$h there is t"rnin$ of the &heel of the perfect' precio"s Kaalachakra etc. there is no chakra%artin arisin$ in the &orl! &ith the I attrib"tes of kin$ship. .%en

in the time of "nbearable strife' a !harmachakra t"rner like that sometimes tr"ly arises' &itho"t those b"!!ha an! bo!hisatt%a aspirations an! po&ers' altho"$h it is inconcei%able. ,or e2ample by ha%in$ special action or mantra accomplishin$ po&er' e%en in the time of strife' &heel t"rners sometimes e2ist. R6)r!' T9. ONC. <ND ,UTUR. KINC ;9O IS M<T?US9RI' <ND <'?IC RT.N D*<NC 09 UC' F<#</OKIT.S9#<R<G7 T9. TO0IC O, T9. T.<C9.R'S .SS.NC.. This is ta"$ht from Blha !an$ mi yi bla ma'i srasB ' etc.' from %erse 453's )r! foot "p to %erse 455. lha dang mi yi bla ma'i sras ni tshangs lha yi dbang po zung gi chos la a'byung ba dag% Among the family lineage of rigden Ma1+"shrikiirti la$ pa' ( dus$ 3 S @ ri$!ens' sons an! $ran!sons etc.' from 0".n.!ariika to Shint" San$po pass. FFk"lika H S"bha!raGG !e yi !"s s" n$es par mkha'i y"l !" kla klo chos rab t" a'+"$ pa !a$ t" a'$y"rK At that time$ ascertained in the realm of space by 9oney Intellect' the Lalo dharma enters everywhere. Then it takes o%er. ji snyed kla klo'i dbang po gdug pa ji snyed lha yi mchog gis btud pa drag po'i sngags ldan yang% As many as the succession of vicious Lalo lords$ so many ri$!ens bo&e! to by the s"preme $o!s arise. The 4st 5 ri$!ens of the family having the mantra of Dra*po also arise.

R63th T9. N<TUR. O, T9. 9IC9.ST /IMIT O, 9UM<N /I,. O, T9. CR.<T ;9../ TURN.RS .TC.' T9. RICD.NS This is ta"$ht in Btshan$s paB etc %erse 45I an! the meas"re of the 3 times are ta"$ht in the follo&in$ %erse 45@ makin$ 6. tshangs pa sogs la mi rnams lo ni brgya phrag bc5a brgyad dang ldan a'di dag mi rnams dag gi tshe% de yi phyir ni a'od srung gi a'o rab mchog sa yi steng du dpal ldan mi yi sen ge'i phyed%

drug cus dman pa de bzhin nyid du dus bzhi so so'i dus su mi thung sogs la a'phrog byed kyi% rigs ldan mthar ni ji srid brgya phrag gcig gi lo yi grangs kyi skye bo'i tshe ru rab tu a'gyur% 1)+ In this case the Tibetan commentators ha%e !issimilar &ays of e2planation. Some say that at the time of the sons an! $ran!sons the life of men is 4@>> years. 9alf of that' H>>' is the lifetime of Es"n$. 9alf of that' 3:>' is the lifetime of MI I S.NC.. Then in the time of MI'U T9UNC etc.' in the 6 Raamas' an! Kri.sh.na's time' the meas"re s"ccessi%ely lessen by 5> years from the pre%io"s one. So it is e2plaine!. Other learne! ones !isp"te this. *y the ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin' after con("erin$ the /alos' at the time of establishin$ the 3 times of *"!!ha Dharma' the total meas"re is not more than 4@>> years. ;hen that is complete!' at the time of Kin$ *hramaaa' son of Drakpa' in the time of Kin$ *hramaaa's sonG Es"n$ etc.' the teachin$s pass into non-e2istence' an! life is harme!. That the life of the h"mans of the time of Kin$ *hramaa' by this approach maintaine! to be @>> years' is "ns"itable beca"se of the Dharma's passin$ into e2tinction. So they say an! the life of men in the times after *hramaaa' Es"n$' Miyi Sen$e' Mi'"th"n$' etc.' an! in the 3 times of teachin$ of the &heel ha%er m"st be establishe!. In the in!i%i!"al 3 times an! of Mi'" th"n$ etc.' this is "n!eniably establishe! by the &or!s. So it is ta"$ht. <lso some say these &or!s of *hramaaa etc. are +oine! to those abo"t Ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti' 0".n.!ariika etc.' sayin$ that from Ma1+"shrikiirti to Ra"!rachakrin people ha! li%es of 4@> years etc.. Others e2plain this !e%io"sly in a &ay not s"itable to the ear' an! by s"ch e2planations post"late "ns"itable meas"res for the life of the in!i%i!"al kin$s an! maintain this tra!ition of their o&n. ,rom Kin$ *hramaa' son of Ra"!rachakrinG etc.' "p to the 6 Raamas an! Krishna' the &heel ha%er 3 times' h"man years are 44@' &hich is sai! to mean 4'@>>. 9alf those years' H>>' &as the completion of h"man li%es from Kin$ *hramaa' the 4st Dharma teacher' "p to the teacher Es"n$. Then "p to the ones ha%in$ the names Bfish' t"rtle' an! boar'B by lessenin$ s"ccessi%ely' in $lorio"s Narasimha's time people's meas"re of life' is LH>>K6M - 5> S )H>. In their times' 5> each are also s"btracte! for Mith"n$ etc.' D8aama!a <$ni "p to Raama an! Krishna. In!i%i!"al takers of the names Shi%a an! #i.sh.n"' arisin$ in the family of ri$!ens' are complete! by the Dharma teacher Krishna. <t the final completion of the 3 times of the &heel ha%ers' 4>4 years is the life of bein$s. So etc. it is e2plaine!. In $eneral the &ay of presentin$ the years of the !escen!ants of Kin$ *hramaa' Es"n$ etc.' tho"$h in!ee! it is erroneo"s' since the topic is the hi$hest or s"preme nat"re of h"man life for the $reat &heel t"rner ri$!ens etc.' if the meas"re of the life of the ri$!ens is not ta"$ht' "n!ertakin$ the topic is "seless.

Moreo%er' s"ch an inappropriate %erbal presentation for the final ri$!ens m"st be in!irectly e2plaine!. If so' Kin$ *hramaaa etc.' if they are presente! accor!in$ to this approach' Kin$ *hramaaa is the son of the &heel ha%er. The kin$ &ho is not Kin$ *hramaaa arisin$ at the time of Kin$ *hramaaa m"st be the 4st ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti. B.tc.B means the other ri$!ens "p to Ra"!rachakrin. It says the ri$!en's bo!y life meas"re is like the hi$hest life meas"re of the h"mans of that time. Teachers of 4 continent in the earlier sprea!in$ li%e! 44@ years. The li%es to be e2plaine! in these cases are merely the basis of acco"ntin$' an! the li%es at the 3 times of the teachin$s m"st be +oine! to the meas"re of s"preme life' this is sayin$. In lesser ?amb"lin$' at the time the teacher Shaakyam"ni came' the s"preme life years of h"mans here is sai! to be 4>> years. If e%en the last ri$!en &heel ha%er remains more than 4>> years' &hat nee! to mention that other pre%io"s ones ha%e that or more= So in the time of kin$ *hramaaa' ri$!en Drakpa in the time of for the final ri$!ens Es"n$ an! 0".n.!ariika' in the time of <nanta an! Mahipaala' Fri$!en 45G in the time of Mahaabala an! Narasmiha' FRi$!en 4@G the arisin$s e2plaine! m"st s"bse("ently be e2amine! it appears. If so' half of that' the E of Es"n$' 4 of the @ @ section hol!ers is not the same as Es"n$. 9ere in the case of e2plainin$ the lifetime of the ri$!ens' tho"$h this e2planation is "seless' the names *hramaaa an! a'Es"n$ are "se! as &ays of referrin$ to the life of the men at that time of kin$ *hramaaa etc.. <lso for the time of teachin$ of the @ section hol!ers the lifetimes are those of the 3 times as +"st e2plaine!. If so' half of 4@>>' H>>' is the meas"re of len$th of life of those arisin$ in the time of Es"n$' 0".n.!ariika etc.. So it is ta"$ht. <ccor!in$ly' as is ta"$ht of their former birthplaces' fish an! tortoise birthplaces' that is the 4st I ri$!ens len$th of life meas"re. Then from H>> 5> is s"btracte! for each' for those ha%in$ the boar birthplace' "p to I li%es' as is ta"$ht by those pre%io"s an! later &or!s. Those from the pre%io"s ones "p to the 43th ri$!en appear &ith a similar len$th of life. Utterly s"preme abo%e the earth those ha%ihn$ the birthplace of lion of men are from <nanta to <nir"!!ha. FRi$!ens 4:-64G Those I ha%e a len$th of life of )H> years' half of the former H>>' 3:>' Blessene! by 5>. B ,or the time of the 3 BMith"n$ etc.'B from the earlier )H> year h"man li%es 5> years each are s"btracte!. ))> is that of the ri$!en 66' Narasimha' the time of Mith"n$. 6I> is that at the time of ri$!en 6)' Mahesh%ara' or Raama the battle-a2e hol!er. 64> is that of the time of ri$!en 63 <nanta%i+aya an! the later Raama. 4:>' ha%in$ the birthplace of Krishna' is the len$th of life of ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin. Th"s Bthat of Shi%a an! #i.sh.n"B rigs ldan mthar ni ji srid brgya phrag gcig gi lo yi grangs kyi skye bo'i tshe ru rab tu a'gyur% 1)+ is +oine! to the @ takers of their names. ,or the last ri$!ens 4>4 years is the co"nt for a person's life.

<t the time of the sprea!in$ of the Dharma' a time of 4>> years' in this continent the life of the people e("als that of the ri$!ens' so ho& can they ha%e a life that is more than that= Concei%e! by the tho"$ht of lesser min!s' this metho! is l"!icro"s an! not to be "se!. <s for the ri$!ens prophesie! by the *"!!ha' ) families of protectors etc.' $reat bo!hisatt%as an! &rathf"l lor!s' are ta"$ht to be the H5 kin$s of Shambhala's 4> million %illa$es &ho &ill f"lly teach the Dharma of the Tathaa$ata to all bein$s. *eca"se they con("er the e%il !harma of the /alos etc.' they all ha%e the )6 ma+or marks of an e2cellent bein$ an! the @> minor marks. Since they ha%e the : hi$her perceptions etc.' the ("alities of lor!ship are ta"$ht to be complete. Those s"preme bein$s an! the people of their times are not necessarily of e("al fort"ne. Moreo%er /or! Naa$ar+"na is sai! to ha%e li%e! H>> years' an! similarly in the te2ts others are also sai! not to ha%e the "s"al meas"re of life. In this tantra too the son Fof=G Kin$ *hramaaa teaches the Dharma @>> years. Ri$!en Cyamtso Nam$yal remains on the throne an! teaches the Dharma 4@6 years. 0almoche proclaims that' !"rin$ Cyalka's 664 years on the throne' he teaches the Dharma teachin$s in Tibet. <ccor!in$ly' e2cept for these 6 ri$!ens' the other !harmaraa+as an! ri$!ens' remainin$ on the throne 4>> years' each teach the Dharma as 0almoche maintains. That the li%es of the ri$!ens are not more than the li%es of or!inary men of this time is a &ron$ tho"$ht. 9a%in$ sat on the throne' tho"$h they teach the Dharma 4>> years' each one's fathers' life is lon$ lastin$. They be$et sons in the time of their yo"th' an! many years elapse "ntil they are no lon$er on the throne. 9o& is it contra!icte! by reasonin$ that they mostly remain on the throne for years after their 4>> years of teachin$ the Dharma= That at the same time the sons are born the fathers pass a&ay' an! that after the sons remain a year on the throne' they teach the Dharma for 4>> years' an! then !ie ri$ht a&ay simply isn't &hat happens in the &orl!. .2plainin$ accor!in$ to the manner of those &ho ha%e attaine! r"lership an! the stat"s of teacher' ri$!ens for the sake of &orl!ly tamin$' accor!in$ to the &ays of the &orl!' are &omb-born teachers' &ith nothin$ like the transmi$ration an! enterin$ of In!ra's mirac"lo"s birth. Therefore these empo&ere! $reat masters' remain as lon$ as there are those to be tame!. ;hat is sai! by ;an$+or' that in the time of the !ark a$e they &o"l!n't li%e lon$er than or!inary h"man bein$s' to the ears of capable ones is %ery "ns"itable. .%en or!inary people &ho pierce to the pith of %a+ra yo$a' stoppin$ the mo%ements of roma an! kyan$ma in the a%a!h"ti' establish !eathlessness &itho"t !iffic"lty' not to mention the ri$!en kin$s' the teachers of %a+ra yo$a. ;ell the li%es of the as"ra enemy &ho hel! the &heel are 4>> years' an! if 4 thinks in contra!iction to that' it &ill ha%e to contra!ict it. <s for that' that they hol! their li%es for +"st 4>> years is not certain. ;hen it is sai! that the s"preme meas"re of the people of that time is 4>> years' accor!in$ to that the len$th is ro"$hly ta"$ht. Tho"$h in literal &or!s that is ta"$ht' in reality anythin$ more than :> is not in contra!iction &ith it. ,or people of this time' tho"$h life is sai! to

be 4>> years' all kin!s of li%es lon$er an! shorter than that occ"r' an! the meas"re nee!n't be fi2e! at 4>>. BIf the li%es of people are half 4>>' the lifetime of ri$!ens is establishe!.B Tho"$h that is ta"$ht' remainin$ on the throne of Shambhala' teachin$ the Dharma etc. for a len$th of life more than 4>> by :> sho"l! be $raspe!. If that is not !one' in half 4>>' :>' c"ttin$ off the contin"ity of the /alos' the ri$!ens establish their place behin! the mo"ntain Kailasha. If that is e2plaine!' the 4>> years of the &heel ha%er's remainin$ on the throne &o"l! not be f"lfille!' his time of teachin$ Dharma in the place of the /alos &o"l! not coinci!e etc.. Others think Ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti' Drakpa etc. has a len$th of life of H>> years. If it is fi2e! at that fi$"re' Ma1+"shrikiirti himself from the time of S"chan!ra &as born' after completin$ his o&n 4>> years of remainin$ on the throne' also m"st remain 4>> years. <s for the respecti%e bo!ily li%es of the kin$s after S"chan!ra' if they are born accor!in$ to the teachin$s of the Abridged Tantra' e%en if some remain 4>> years' accor!in$ to the teachin$ of the "reat #ommentary from the Root Tantra' in 5>> years in Shambhala ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti himself takes the nirmanakaaya an! after Drakpa passes into nir%aa.na' then in @>> years the /alo half co"nt is really ta"$ht to arise. If 4 asks B;o"l!n't that contra!ict yo"r maintainin$ that the ri$!ens remaine! 4>> years in Shambhala'B the basis of conf"sion abo"t these &or!s' intention sho"l! be e2amine!. ;hy these &or!s sho"l! not be proclaime! as a reason for that sho"l! be e2presse!. The &or!s Bhol!in$ an! passin$ emanation'B appear mostly to e2press each one's years of remainin$ on the throne. That these time of remainin$ on the throne are their &hole lifetimes is not establishe! by reasonin$. @>> years after Ma1+"shrikiti's years on the throne are complete!' is the /alo time' an! tho"$h he !oes no fi$htin$' Ma1+"shrikiirti passes into nir%aa.na then. The Abridged Tantra is abri!$e!. <lso &orkable &ith occasion of completin$ the years on the throne' if this occ"rrence in!icates the real s"ccession' Ma1+"shrikiirti's 4>> years on the throne are complete! an! the Abridged Tantra abri!$in$ years. Then' @>> years after Ma1+"shrikiirti passe! into nir%aa.na the /alo form"la astrolo$y is fo"n!e! an! the /alo tra!ition &i!ely sprea!. In this case' as for +oinin$ Es"n$ an! the section ha%ers to that time alone' from the $reat &heel t"rner the remainin$ of the h"mans of the last ri$!en life essence cannot be completely analy8e!. No&' there is the teachin$ the enterin$ of the /alo !harma an! the enterin$ of the 3 times of the *"!!ha !harma. <s for the con!ense! enterin$. Th"s in all the 46 earth sections 4st the *"!!hist teachin$s arise in the !i%isions of 3 times. <t the last of those times in the time of strife the /alo !harma sprea!s "ni%ersally. In 4>@ years the /alo !harma is !estroye!.

lo ni brgyad dang brgya phrag gcig tu nges par gnas te de nas kla klo'i chos ni nyams pa'o% The years of the /alo !harma's time of remainin$ are sai! to be 4>> an! 4>4. Tho"$h 4 and #%% appears it is e2plaine! as an mistake for B<s for @ an! 4 h"n!re!sB &hich rea! from the ri$ht' @ an! 4' is 4@' Bbr$ya phra$B means h"n!re!s' so alto$ether it means 4'@>>. ;ith this co"nt it certainly e(ists. 6hen the Lalo dharma is destroyed. Since the /alo !harma e2ists from the year Sam"!raa%i+aya came to the throne "ntil the year ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti completes his stay on the throne' this perio! is certain. de nas lo ni stong phrag nyi shu lag pa brgya dang bral ba sangs rgyas chos ni rab tu a'jug% The time of the /alo !harma is o%er' an! then %$%%% years' separatin$ lag pa brgya' - 6>> S 4H'@>> by the &heel ha%ers in the 3 times of the re%i%e! teachin$s the *"!!ha dharma spreads universally. In the 46 sections' its fi2e! perio! of enterin$ is 64'5>> h"man years. <fter the allotte! 4'@>> in this continent is s"btracte!' the remainin$ 4H'@>> is the n"mber of years for the *"!!ha Dharma enterin$ into the remainin$ 44 sections. rdzogs ldan gsum ldan gnyis ldan rtsod pa'i dus ni nus pa'i tshad kyis sa gzhi dag la nges par rgyu%1)4 In all the 46 continents the 3 times of the later sprea!in$ of the teachin$s' completion having$ 3 having$ having$ and the time of strife are 4'@>> years each. Combine! they ha%e 4 !ay measure of the <kani.sh.ta bein$s calle! nIpa' S 64'5>> h"man years. Therefore on earth this time of teachin$ is to be ascertained in its circlin$ amon$ the sections. In this case' if the closely reasone! brief ascertainment of the co"nt of the years of teachin$ etc. is e2presse! in a &ay easy to "n!erstan!A <ccor!in$ to the Kaalachakra Root Tantra' 5>> years after the Root Tantra is ta"$ht' in Shambhala the 4st ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti becomes a Dharma teacher' sittin$ on the lion throne as prophesie!. The sons of !harmaraa+a S"chan!ra are the &rathf"l !harmaraa+as 6 S"res%ara Flha'i !ban$ l!anG ) Te+in = F8i br+i! canG

Soma!atta F8la bas sbyinG S"res%ara II Flha'i !ban$ phy"$G #is%am"rti Fsna tsho$s $8"$sG S"resana Flha'i !ban$ l!anG. .ach s"ccessi%ely teaches the Dharma for 4>> years. ;hen those 5>> years are complete!' the son of /ha'i ;an$!en is the 4st ri$!en kin$' ?ampel Drakpa. <fter ?ampel Drakpa sits on the throne for e2actly 4>> years' he teaches the Abridged Tantra' an! in the 4>>th year after that' &hen the Abridged Tantra has been ta"$ht' the son of Ma1+"shrikiirti' ri$!en 0".n.!ariika' in t"rn teaches the Dharma' ha%in$ pre%io"sly sat on the throne. Th"sthe ri$!ens areA 4 Ma1+"shrikiirti. 6 0".n.!ariika Fpa !ma !kar poG ) *ha!ra Fb8an$ poG 3 #i+aya Frnam r$yalG : S"mitra F!$e bshes b8an$ poG 5 Raktapa.ni Fphya$ !mar' rin chen phya$G I #i.s.n"$"pta Fkhyab a'+"$ $san$ poK sbal paG @ <rkakIIrti nyi ma !ra$s paG H S"bha!ra Fnyi ma Fshin t"G b8an$ poG The last @ in or!er' each teach the Dharma 4>> years' completin$ @>> years. The 4>th ri$!en is Sam"!raa%i+aya. 9e sits on the throne' ha%in$ ta"$ht the Dharma' for 4@6 years. The 44th ri$!en is <+a. 9e sits on the throne an! $rasps the lea!ership of action. 9e sits on the throne 664 years' after he teaches the D!harma' Then the 46th ri$!en' S"rya' comes to the throne. In this year the 4st Rab+"n$ of the con%entional system be$ins &ith the ,ire Rabbit year' an! after that' the 3>) years of the /alos enterin$ Bme mkha'a r$ya mtshoB F3>) yearsG as abo%e' be$in &ith the Rab+"n$ co"nt. *y tryin$ to $i%e the co"nt from the past years to the present' mistakes abo"t the year &ill arise' an! it is f"tile. <fter ri$!en S"rya 4)th is #ish%ar""pa 43th is Sasiprabha 4:th is <nanta

45th is Shripaala 4Ith is Shripaala II 4@th is 9ari. 4Hth is #ikrama. 6>th is Mahaabala 64st is <nir"!!ha. 66n! is Narasimha. 6)r! is Mahesh%ara 63th is <nanta%i+aya 6:th is Ra"!rachakrin. The 6: ri$!ens are each the son of the pre%io"s one' an! all b"t Ra"!rachakrin teach the Dharma for 4>> years. Ra"!rachakrin teaches the Dharma ha%in$ sat on the throne for HI years. <fter that' the meas"re of the earlier sprea! of the teachin$s is complete!. Ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin re%i%es the Dharma' be$innin$ the later sprea!in$' ta"$ht to be for 4'@>> years. Dharmaraa+a S"chan!ra is the linea$e be$innin$ re("ester. <fter that the Root Tantra commentary in 5>'>>> %erses is ta"$ht. <fter the later oral tantra teachin$' the r""pakaaya's presentation is abri!$e!. S"chan!ra an! his son linea$e' the 5' S"res%ara etc.' are the I !harmaraa+as. Those V the 6: ri$!ens S the )6 $enerations of seat hol!ers. That s"ccession is prophesie! in the Root Tantra an! clearly ta"$ht in the Abridged Tantra #ommentary. Since they are empo&ere!' the years accor!in$ to the Root Tantra are 5>> years. In a!!ition to that Ma1+"shrikiirti teaches the Dharma 4>> years' makin$ I>>. <fter that' @ ri$!ens teach the Dharma for @>> years. Combinin$ those S 4:>> years. V 3>)' the combine! years on the throne of Sam"!raa%i+aya an! <+a are S 4H>). <fter the 4st Rab+"n$' the passin$ of teachers of the Kaalachakra Root Tantra is "n!eniably establishe! by script"re. The 43 follo&in$ ri$!ens' from S"rya to Ra"!rachakrin' the last or 6:th ri$!en' each sit on the throne 4>> years S 43>> V 4H>) S )')>)' establishin$ the meas"re of the earlier sprea! of the teachin$s. If to that the 4@>> of the later sprea!in$ is a!!e!' :'4>) are establishe! &itho"t !o"bt. 9o&e%er Ra"!rachakrin' ha%in$ sat on the throne HI years' teaches the Dharma. If he con("ers the /alos in the H@th' the meas"re of the remainin$ of the teachin$s is 4>> more than :>>>. The time of the remainin$ of the /alos ta"$ht as 4@>>' correspon!s e2actly. <s for that 4>> years' from 4>>> years tho"$h there is a remain!er' by s"btle calc"lation there

bein$ no contra!iction is possible. Of the 46 continents' the perio! that the teachin$s laste! in the 4st section is ta"$ht in this tantra to be :'3>> years. <lso some maintain that the life of the &heel ha%er Drakpa himself is certainly 4>> years. They say that he sits on the throne of Shambhala for :> of those' an! then he teaches the Dharma. Then' they say' he con("ers the /alos. In that tra!ition' the !"ration of the /alos is lessene! by 3I. The follo&ers of 0h"$ say that for H5 he sits on the throne' an! on the HIth he con("ers the /alos' an! his life is 4>> years. In o"r o&n tra!ition' the ri$!ens' 4>> years of sittin$ on the throne is accor!in$ to that manner of co"ntin$7 b"t' they !o not li%e only 4>> years. They li%e lon$er than that' as e2plaine! in the tantra commentaries. The year after the year of complete b"!!hahoo!' it is sai! that the Kaalachakra is ta"$ht. ,rom that %ie&point' from the year after enli$htenment there are still 35 years Fof the *"!!ha's lifeG remainin$. If one s"btracts 4>) Y 3H' the remain!er is no more than :3 an! so the len$th of time in the s""tras an! the /alo remainin$ len$th of time' tho"$h in!ee! they are &itho"t conformity' &hether the teachin$ of the Root Tantra an! the year of nir%aa.na are or are not 4 an! the same sho"l! no& be e2amine!. These fi$"res come from the $eneral teachin$sA <fter the *"!!ha &as born' in the 6Hth year he sets o"t from his palace. ,or 5 years he practices a"sterities' an! in the ):th he is enli$htene!. 9a%in$ t"rne! the &heel of the !harma for 35 years' after @> years e2actly' he passes a&ay. <ccor!in$ to 0halmoche' he really attains nir%aa.na in the @4st In i!entifyin$ his year of birth etc.' the year of nir%aa.na' an! then the time "p to the present' there are many easily reali8e! non-correspon!ences. Makin$ the year that the Kaalachakra Root Tantra is sai! to be ta"$ht by the metho! of the famo"s $reat acco"ntin$ te2t of 0h"$pa the bench-mark' the !ates for those &ho maintain a !ate that is more or less can be kno&n by a!!in$ an! s"btractin$. ,ollo&in$ the teachin$s of 0h"$pa 0ekar' in ?hite aidurya an! the acco"ntin$ te2t mentione!' like the appearance of the !ay- brin$er s"n' the teacher' the Kin$ of the Shaakyas' enters the &omb in the Ch"tN month of the .arth Sheep year' on the ni$ht of the 4:th !ay. <fter H months an! 6) !ays' in the Iron Monkey year' on the Ith !ay of the Sa$a month' !"rin$ the mi!ni$ht session' he is born in the $ro%e of /"mbini. That !ay is fi$"re! as a Sat"r!ay' at the 4:th ch"tsN' &ith the moon star RC </' arisin$ on the e2act ch"tsN mark an! the e2act s"n star mark of the Ith ch"tsN. ;hat is ta"$ht by Naa$ar+"na abo"t the *"!!ha bein$ born is in accor!. Then in his 6Hth year' the Male .arth Mo"se' year' he sets o"t from home. ,or 5 years he practices

a"sterities. ;hen he is ):' on the 4:th !ay of the Sa$a month of the ;oo! 9orse year at !a&n' he is f"lly an! completely enli$htene!. In calc"latin$ that !ay in relationship to the chart of eclipses' the face of Raah" is $raspin$' an! so the time of b"!!hahoo! accor!s &ith a l"nar eclipse. Then for 35 years he t"rns the &heel of Dharma of the ) %ehicles. On the 3Ith year from attainin$ b"!!hahoo!' @> years from his birth' at the 4st of the f"ll moon of the Na$pa month of the Iron Dra$on year' at Drep"n$ St"pa the Kaalachakra Root Tantra is ta"$ht. The ne2t month !"rin$ the last session of the f"ll moon ni$ht of the Sa$a month' in the city of RTS;< MC9OC' he passes into nir%aa.na. 9a%in$ ta"$ht this tra!ition of Kaalachakra as his testament' he is sai! to pass into nir%aa.na in that year. ,rom the %ie&point of this tra!ition' the Kaalachakra "reat #ommentary, The .ight of the ajra Sun' is compose! &as the 36n! year of the Rab+"n$' Kiilaka or 09UR *U' the .arth Monkey year' &hen 6'I@@ years ha%e passe!. If 4 calc"lates accor!in$ to the years of the main teachin$ of the Root Tantra' from the 0h"$ tra!ition Kaalachakra teachin$s' ) is s"btracte!. Then in the year calle! BNyi ma'B the ;ater Sheep year F4IthG' the Kaalachakra Root Tantra is ta"$ht an! 4 year later in the ;oo! Monkey ear S"res%ara I comes to the throne. 5>> years from that year of its 4st bein$ ta"$ht' &ith the s"ccessi%e !harmaraa+as an! ri$!ens' co"ntin$ from that 4st year of comin$ to the throne' this m"st be $raspe! as o"r o&n tra!ition. *y former ones the Monkey year is the year of passin$. If 4H is a!!e!' that is the 4st year of the 45th Rab+"n$. It is establishe! that the ,ire Rabbit year is ta"$ht as the year of passin$ a&ay. In that year Ma Ca$pa comes to the throne. In the meas"re of the remainin$ of the teachin$s' abo%e the perio! of the remainin$ of the teachin$s of !iscipline ):I ha%e passe!' an! 4H) abo%e that ,ire Rabbit year is the e2planation of 0h"$ pa. *y a!!in$ 5> each' the bor!ers of each Rab+"n$ are reali8e!. The passin$ of the 5> years of each of those Rab+"n$s' may be clarifie! by cons"ltin$ a table. *y this metho!' if 4 resol%es the table' in FIG mtsho F3G kl" F@G $8"$s F6@==G S 6'@3I years The teacher's year of reachin$ nir%aa.na - 3 is the ;oo! Monkey year &hen /ha&an$ came to the throne. To that )>H $8"$s R==' the years of Cyalka on the throne are finishe!. Di%i!in$ that e2tra by 4>>' the ("otient becomes the 46 ri$!ens. ,rom Nyima there are 43 ri$!ensA 46 S"rya Fnyi maG 4) #ish%ar""pa Fsna tsho$s $8"$sG 43 Sasiprabha F8la ba'i a'o!G 4: <nanta Fmtha'a yas

45 Mahipaala Fsa skyon$G 4I Shripaala F!pal l!an m$on poK skyon$ poG 4@ 9ari Fsen$ $eG 4H #ikrama Frnam r$yalG 6> Mahaabala Fstobs chenG 64 <nir"!!ha Fma a'$a$sG 66 Narisi.mha Fmi yi sen$ $eG 6) Mahesh%ara F!ban$ phy"$ chen poG 63 <nanta%i+aya Fmtha'a yas rnam r$yalG 6: Ra"!rachakrin F!ra$ po a'khor lo canG. Reali8in$ &hich ha%e passe!' the ne2t is the present ri$!en' after &hose throne years' a f"t"re 4 &ill spen! 4>> years on the throne. *"mpa San$po' has the same year as abo%e for /ha&an$'s comin$ to the throne. There 5>> s"btractin$ remain!ers' h"n!re! by thob nor I@ === ha!. ,rom the 6:th ri$!en's passin$' there is s"ch a remain!er in years on the throne. Tho"$h he is maintaine! to ha%e passe!' it appears it sho"l! be e2amine!. <fter /ha&an$ comes to the throne' !" a'!as :>>' !i%i!in$ the meas"re of the lastin$ of the teachin$s a'!as remain!er is reali8e!. Other tra!itions remain!er teachin$s ha%in$ ma!e are kno&n. The tra!ition of the year of nir%aa.na as ta"$ht by the 0h"$ tra!ition' - 3H' the remain!er' the meas"re of the lastin$ of the teachin$ is e2amine!' an! the ;oo! Monkey year after /ha&an$ came to the throne bein$ taken as the be$innin$' the s"ccession of the !harmaraa+as an! ri$!ens is other&ise acco"nte! for as in the 0h"$ tra!ition. The learne! an! accomplishe! lor! establishes this e2planation. Takin$ the year of passin$ into nir%aa.na establishe! by the 0h"$ tra!ition as the bench-mark' -) is the tra!ition of "n$tNn Dor+e 0al. -3 is that of Ten!8in San$po etc.. -35 is the tra!ition of Thelpa K"n$a Cyaltsan. -4)4' is Tsan!en ?o&o's story tra!ition. -6)> is the tra!ition of the si!!ha U$yenpa. -)>I is the tra!ition of the $lorio"s holy $"r" Sakyapa. -))I is <bhayaakara' the $reat Kashmiri pan!it Shaakya Shri' Namkha San$po' etc.. Shaakya Shri says that in the ,ire Rooster year' on the @th !ay of the Min!r"$ month' at mi!ni$ht' the time of the moon settin$ in the mo"ntains' the Sa$e passe! into

nir%aa.na. <fter that year' month' an! !ay co"nt' the &oo! rooster year is like the co"nt of K9RO 0h"r. -3>5 is the tra!ition of Ron$pa N$a$&an$ Drakpa. These lessen the 0h"$ tra!ition of the year of the passin$. Similarly !issimilar e2planations are seen from teachers i!entifyin$ the year in &hich the Kaalachakra Tantra &as ta"$ht. V6 is omniscient *"tNn an! the northern tra!ition. These say that in the ;ater 9orse year' in the f"ll moon of the Na$po month the Kaalachakra Root Tantra &as ta"$ht. V) is the Tin$y"n$ TNn an! ?amyan$ ChN$Nn etc. tra!itions maintain that the Kaalachakra Root Tantra &as ta"$ht in the ;ater Sheep year. Karmapa MikyN Dor+e an! the Ts"r tra!ition astrolo$y te2t nyer mkho bum bzang tra!ition say the same. The learne! an! accomplishe! lor!'s "reat #ommentary on the Kaalachakra !oes as &ell . *"t as for the e2planations bein$ !issimilar in partic"lars' accor!in$ to the astrolo$y te2t nyer mkho bum bzang tra!ition' in the ;ater 0i$ year the teacher entere! into the &omb. The ne2t year' the ;oo! Mo"se year' on the @th !ay of the Sa$a month' the #ictorio"s 4 &as born. In the )3th year of the Rab+"n$ in the .arth Do$ Sa$a month' on the !a&n of the f"ll moon !ay' he &as enli$htene!. Then for 3: years he t"rne! the &heel of the !harma' an! then on the f"ll moon of the na$ po month of the ;ater Sheep year he ta"$ht the Kaalachakra Root Tantra. The ne2t month' on the f"ll moon of the Sa$a month' he passe! into nir%aa.na. The year of the teachin$ of the main bo!y of the tantra accor!in$ to this tra!ition &as e2plaine! abo%e. *y this tra!ition the 5 !harmaraa+as an! all the ri$!ens' ?ampel Drakpa etc.' each ta"$ht the Dharma for 4>> years' an! it is maintaine! that in the .arth Ti$er year Sam"!raa%i+aya's an! <+a's years on the throne' by po&er of not maintainin$ a remain!er' the 6 ri$!ens' years on the throne from the pre%io"s 0h"$ tra!ition sho"l! be analy8e!. ;at is sai! abo"t the 6: ri$!ens !oes not accor!. If it is sai! that there are 6: ri$!ens' in that tra!ition the teachin$ lasts :>>> years. ,rom that 4>> years are lackin$. The meas"re of the remainin$ of the /alos' 4@>> years' lacks 4>>. Some fi$"res appear that &ill not bear e2amination.

*y the e2planation of the learne! an! accomplishe! Celek 0elsan$ the teacher &as enli$htene! in the ;ater 9orse year in the last month of sprin$' on the f"ll moon of the Sa$a month at !a&n. That co"nte! by solar !ays accor!s &ith the eclipse. ,rom that time of attainin$ b"!!hahoo!' "p to 4 year the $eneral paaramitaa %ehicle' an! on the #"lt"re 0eak the pra+1aapaaramitaa &as ta"$ht. 46 months after b"!!hahoo!' in the ;ater Sheep year na$ pa month' on the f"ll moon !ay' the Kaalachakra Root Tantra is sai! to ha%e been ta"$ht. The Creat Commentary's @;mpo5erment of >mmaculate .ight@ chapter says that after the en! of the Na$pa month etc.' in the noble co"ntry at the arisin$ of !a&n of the f"ll moon of the Sa $a month' the *ha$a%an &as enli$htene!. 9a%in$ t"rne! the &heel of the ) %ehicles of Dharma' in the 46th !ay of the Na$ pa month at $reat Drep"n$ st"pa the Kaalachakra Root Tantra &as ta"$ht. Other tra!itions !o not e2plain the teachin$ of this script"re like that. The year of the teachin$ of the Root Tantra an! the year of the teachin$ of the Dharma by S"chan!ra are both 5>>' acco"nte! as the ori$in' an! the eclipse chart !oes not come "p. If 4 is not co"nte!' by arisin$ from that year' there are 5>> years. *y that it sho"l! be "n!erstoo! that the year of the Kaalachakra Tantra teachin$ is the same as that of the nir%aa.na. So it is ta"$ht. It is e2plaine! that the *"!!ha remains 35 years after his enli$htenment. ,rom the follo&in$ year of the teachin$ of the Root Tantra' in the K"n$a or ;oo! Ti$er year' the 3@th of the Rab+"n$' he passes a&ay. <$ain co"ntin$ the remain!er etc.' the pre%io"s 3 times are )'6:: years. The /ater are 4'@>>. *y combinin$ them' there are :':::. That incl"!es the perio! of 35 years from the time the teacher is enli$htene! "p to the year of passin$ into nir%aa.na. S"btractin$ those' :'>>H arises. This correspon!s ro"$hly &ith the s"tra meas"re of :>>> years for the lastin$ of the teachin$s. <n e2tra H years is close eno"$h for ro"$h acco"ntin$. ,rom the year that the *"!!ha $oes into nir%aa.na' to the Kaalachakra tra!ition &as 4'>>> years more' many e2ponents maintain. *y the teachers of the 0h"$ tra!ition' the ne2t year from the one the Kaalachakra Root Tantra is ta"$ht' is acco"nte! as the year of nir%aa.na. That - 3 is the tra!ition of the ?onan$pa Cho$le Nam$yal. In that tra!ition it is sai! that the Root Tantra is ta"$ht in the Iron Monkey year. These lessen the year of teachin$ of the Kaalachakra Root Tantra of the 0h"$ tra!ition. <lso the year in &hich the 0h"$ tra!ition maintains that the Root Tantra is ta"$ht' V 3I6 $i%es the tra!ition of Dhon" 0al. These fi$"res are more than those of the 0h"$ tra!ition. ,rom the year of the *"!!ha's attainin$ nir%aa.na on the V si!e' if the 0h"$ tra!ition's year of passin$ a&ay is post"late! as a bench-mark' V 46I $i%es the tra!ition of Than$i i$tsan$. <lso there is a tra!ition that s"btracts 5> years from that' $i%in$ V5I

Sapa.na says the teacher enters the &omb in the ,ire Rabbit year. In the .arth Dra$on year. On the @th !ay of the Sa$a month' in the mornin$' the #ictorio"s 4 is born. In the ;ater Ti$er year in the last month of sprin$' the Sa$a month' at !a&n on the f"ll moon !ay' &hen the moon is eclipse!' he is enli$htene!. In the ,ire 0i$ year' in the 4st month of sprin$' on the f"ll moon ni$ht' he passes into nir%aa.na it is e2plaine!. The e2planation also appears that he passes into nir%aa.na on the @th !ay of the last month of a"t"mn. <fter the teacher's passin$' &ays of co"ntin$ many or fe& years arise. In In!ia the shraa%aka sen!hapas ha%e a &ay of e2pressin$ by !ays the teachers year' month' an! !ay co"nt an! $ot it from that. /ater the master brothers of Ma$a!ha Thots"n Dr"b+e an! De+e Da$po co"nt from the time of the arisin$ of the $reat self-establishe! enli$htenment bo!y &ith heaps of san!al&oo! ointment. They teach that co"ntin$ from the arisin$ of mahaabo!i an! the time of the teacher's passin$ a&ay is in error. In this case' the those $"r"s ("ote from the Sutra of the 8rophesy of the "oddess 7rime A' B<fter I ha%e passe! a&ay' in 4:>> years' in the re!-face! co"ntry' the !harma &ill sprea!.B BRe!-face!B refers to Tibet. That is the time of the sprea!in$ of the Dharma there. Moreo%er' the prophesy of Naa$ar+"na of the years an! the $enerations of kin$s etc. are taken into acco"nt' an! they say that other tra!itions not in accor! &ith that are "ns"itable. <ccor!in$ to year co"nte! as that of the main teachin$ of the Kaalachakra Tantra' :>> years later is the year of Sam"!raa%i+aya $oin$ to the throne' an! not far from that' the time of Kin$ Son$tsen Campo fits in etc.. They cite many s"ch correspon!ences. V 4'6>5 years to the 0h"$ tra!ition co"nt of years after the teacher's passin$ is the time of "ne("alle! <tisha ?o&o+e Marme!8e an! follo&ers of those Chimchen an! Zpa /osal etc.' as many learne! an! accomplishe! ones of Tibet ha%e e2plaine!A The teacher ?o&o+e entere! the &omb in the Male ;oo! Rat year. In the ;oo! Co& year he is born. In the .arth 0i$ year he is enli$htene!. in the ;oo! Monkey' in the last month of a"t"mn' on the @th !ay' he passes into nir%aa.na it is e2plaine!. V 65: is the tra!ition of D"l!8in Nelpa 0anchen. V 4':5H is the tra!ition of the Testament of king Songtsen "ampo. Th"s these many other in!i%i!"al so"rces an! commentaries comin$ from the 0h"$ tra!ition in!ee! e2ist. In In!ia they ha%e the 46 years' the mo"se year etc.' an! their bein$ !i%i!e! into 5>' by the : po&ers of &oo! etc. Tho"$h there is no tra!ition of !ays there' the mere con%ention of the 5> year Rab+"n$ an! the ,ire Rabbit year are e2plaine! to be of 4 meanin$. Moreo%er the con%entions of 46 an! 5> years' not bein$ +oine! ha%in$ been co"nte! in sta$es' the year co"nt !"e to many errors for each transit year has its o&n acco"ntin$

system' as is &ell kno&n. Or for &hat reason it is so may be "ncertain' or the year co"nt ta"$ht in that Kaalachakra Root Tantra' as maintaine! by the 0h"$ tra!ition' the 0h"$ b"!!hahoo! an! nir%aa.na year co"nts - 35 from that is ho& many are s"btracte!' or the co"nt of the year the tantra is ta"$ht or the meas"re of years the /alos remain etc' &ith those they !o not certainly accor!. Many fi$"res of the 0h"$ tra!ition of the year that the Kaalachakra is ta"$ht an! the year of the teacher's passin$ into nir%aa.na !o not accor! &ith the Kaalachakra Root Tantra' not to mention the commentary's main teachin$. The 0h"$ tra!ition also has many fa"lts' of &hich those are +"st ). The years of the teacher's passin$ into nir%aa.na bein$ more in the tra!ition accor!in$ to 0halmoche' the teachin$s of the present time the earlier sprea!in$ meas"re ae complete! earlier. The &heel ha%er Drakpo after he arri%es therefore m"st be maintaine! to be many years later' These since they cannot be proclaime! accor!in$ to the &or!s of the te2t' 4 m"st clearly proclaim ho& the years' s"btle aspects are ascertaine! accor!in$ to the Kaalachakra Tantra main teachin$. ,rom the %ie&point of or!inary st"!ents' after the Dharma is ta"$ht by a sin$le Sa$e of the Shaakyas' it is impossible that there are many earlier an! later passin$s into nir%aa.na. Moreo%er the tra!itional fi$"res for the perio!s of the )6 seat-hol!ers !o not accor! &ith years $i%en' an! the Tibetan commentators say many apparent non-correspon!ences arise. Some say that Sam"!raa an! #i+aya' or Cyamtso an! Nam$yal' in the case of the 4>th ri$!en Sam"!ra%i+ayaK Cyatso Nam$yal' sho"l! be co"nte! as !ifferent' so that 6: ri$!ens are pro!"ce!7 an! some say that 0alkyon$ an! Sen$e' the 4Ith an! 4@th' sho"l! be co"nte! as 4. The Sakya holy $"r" says that in the case of the 63th ri$!en <nanta%i+aya Fmtha'a yas rnam r$yalG that <nanta an! %i+aya' Thaye an! Nam$yal' are !ifferent. Since ri$!en Ra"!rachakrin then arri%es after the completion of 6: ri$!ens' rei$ns' he is sai! to be the 65th. Ri$!en Ma1+"shrikiirti is sai! to ha%e remaine! 6>> years an! Ra"!rachakrin 4>>. The other ri$!ens are e2plaine! to ha%e ta"$ht the !harma for 5> years each. This an! many s"ch !issimilar e2planations of the $enerations of the kin$s of Shambhala appear. These are not presente! by many letters' an! mostly !o not accor! &ith the &or!s of the tantra. They are concept"al fabrications that !o not accor! &ith its contents an! &ill not bear e2amination. Therefore they are not elaborate! on here. Moreo%er "sin$ the !"ration of the teachin$s in the s""tras as 4'>>> or 6:>> years etc. respecti%ely an! not :>>> years as e2plaine! accor!in$ to all the learne! ones' an! as ta"$ht in the Kaalachakra Root Tantra' these special s"btle an! !e%io"s calc"lations are not acceptable. It m"st be calc"late! as ta"$ht in this tantraA ,rom the year of the teacher's passin$' the ne2t year m"st be the be$innin$. Moreo%er the years of the teacher's teachin$s

e2istin$ m"st be :'>>> years' an! of that' in the 4st ) perio!s of :>> arise the fr"ition time. These are the ) times of the arhats' non-ret"rners' an! stream enterers. Then pra+1aa' sama!hi' an! !iscipline are the ) times of practice. <fter that' there are the ) times of the abhi!harma' s"tras' an! %inaya. Then e2actly :>> is e2plaine! as the time of $raspin$ mere si$ns. 9a%in$ so co"nte!' ho& far &e ha%e $one an! ho& m"ch is to come' &hich ri$!en is on the throne' ho& many of his years ha%e $one by' an! ho& many there are "ntil the arri%al of the &rathf"l &heel ha%er etc.' as for bein$ &ell-reali8e!' the years are $i%en ro"$hly in these in!i%i!"al tra!itions an! especially from the Kaalachakra Root Tantra the years of teachin$ are abbre%iate! e2pressions. The $eneral teachin$s len$th of e2istence' an! especially &hat ri$!en is on the throne etc.' in the case of the %ie&point of this tantra' since time e2pression is re("ire! this is e2plaine!. Similarly in the Abridged Tantra the secret acco"ntin$ of the !octrine is ma!e. The !octrinal astrolo$y astrolo$ical pro$ression seekin$ calc"lation te2ts' times that pre%io"s b"!!has ta"$ht' eclipses' etc. accor! an! years of the $reat emptiness etc. astrolo$y piths that are e2amine! by s"btly resol%in$ the 0h"$ tra!ition itself' the %ery &ell kno&n 0h"$ acco"ntin$ practice te2ts all concl"!e! e2planation' the $reat translator of Min!ro /in$'s acco"ntin$ te2t nyin byed snang ba this $oo! e2planation manifestin$ its $reatness &ill make m"ch manifestG. This an! pro$ression har!ly !issimilar in partic"lars from that' the &ell-kno&n Mtsh"r astrolo$y' an! the )r! concl"sion eshe 0el+or's pro$ression btsal ba gandan the &ell kno&n ne& acco"ntin$ an! the Too K&an acco"ntin$ te2ts etc.' in po&ers or pro$ression har!ly !issimilar many ne& acco"ntin$ te2ts arose. rnga ban kunga mtshan can is a ne& acco"ntin$' a bea"tif"l ornament to the Sa$e's teachin$' &ith &ell-kno&n eclipse pinpointin$' an! corrections of errata. Others har!ly !issimilar in terms of pro$ression ha%e come into bein$' accor!in$ &ith the enterin$ into emptiness of in!i%i!"al tra!itions. ,or eclipse pinpointin$ an! s"ch teachin$s from the main teachin$s of the Root Tantra' the pro$ressions are or are not correctly establishe!' tho"$h it is !iffic"lt to ascertain' since for a little &hile it mi$ht be &itho"t contra!iction. 9o&e%er' only coarsely !o eye an! stars accor!' an! if 4 a!!s eclipses' from the s"n' a!!in$ or s"btractin$ Raah"'s motion chan$e' this 4 ha%in$ the so"rce of the oral instr"ctions like that' from the meas"rement in 0h"$'s !octrinal astrolo$y' since that is merely )4K6 ch"tsN' if 4 a!!s that' it is acceptable. More &o"l! be ba!' b"t this m"ch for %ario"s pro$ression seekin$ ones &ill not be a fa"lt. Tho"$h the pro$ression of the Root Tantra is not completely correct' ha%in$ collecte! its fa"lts' not increasin$ the chan$e establishin$ pict"re by its correct pith. ,or the s"n star the ch"tsN are formless. /ibra' form skan!ha' &ater element etc. if that is $i%en' the hea! an! tail of Raah" m"st be &itho"t s"btractin$' since it is of a sin$le pith. Moreo%er

to the 3 establishe! by the 0h"$ !octrinal astrolo$y' by $oo! a!!ition in seekin$ a ne& pro$ression' the slo& mo%ement is not necessary. .2cept for the partic"lars of mere pro$ression' all the mo%ements of the te2t pict"res an! !ia$rams in the 0h"$ practice te2t are &itho"t error an! &ell resol%e!. <s for eclipses' from the !ia$rams' &hoe%er properly kno&s the e2act calc"lation by the oral instr"ctions can pinpoint the e2act time. Cenerally the case of the 6 e("alities' arisin$ as in the mo!el the eclipse an! the times before an! after mostly are pinpointe!. ,rom that' in the hi$h north transit' the percenta$e of the eclipse is lar$e &ith little pre%io"s time' an! &hen there is the time of the so"thern transit' the re%erse of the pre%io"s is seen. Tho"$h the stars of s"n' moon rah" etc. are not incorrect' there seem to be !ifferences in this continent !"e to hi$h an! lo& an$les of seein$. Not only that' by times of eclipses in this continent !ifferences of ele%ation an! !e$rees east an! &est are also seen an! many s"ch s"btle parts accor!in$ &ith !ifferent times an! co"ntries necessarily manifest. 0artic"larly' the appearance of solar eclipses is !iffic"lt to pinpoint. In $enerally &here the !ia$ram has an eclipse' tho"$h they !on't fail to occ"r alto$ether' the times the eclipses occ"r !o not al&ays accor! &ith the pict"re an! sometimes tho"$h they !on't occ"r &hen the mo!el says an eclipses occ"rs. <t the time of an eclipse' Tibet may ha%e a :>[ eclipse' &here else&here total eclipses etc may be seen. The tr"e story by its appearance in some cases arisin$ like the mo!el the eclipse is not e2acly ri$ht' the ine2act pro$ressions !o not appear certain. 0inpointe! acco"ntin$ te2ts &here eclipses al&ays arise like the form"la rarely appear in Tibet *y 0h"$ !"+or chan$in$ ho"ses are calc"late! from the s"n' the s"n m"st be correctly calc"late!. If so' in 0h"$ practice itself merely )6 correct ch"tsN ha%in$ been a!!e! by calc"lation is acceptable. That by correctin$ the chart is easily !one an! tr"e ho"ses nee! not be !one. Similarly the time points in a!!ition to on the correct s"n' if the s"n is resol%e! are easy to !o. Day an! ni$ht lon$ an! short "ltimate meas"re by 0h"$ are !istin$"ishe! as )) an! 6I' in $eneral e2planation these accor! to the %o&el arisin$ calc"lations etc.. In the "ltimate !ay len$th' the ch"tsN of !ayli$ht are )5 an! the ni$ht 63' an! the "ltimate short 4 is the re%erse. Others appear to say the "ltimate lon$ 4 is 3>' tho"$h I think it is more. Its !epen!ence on the ch"tsN circle etc. sho"l! be e2amine!. Tho"$h the earth's s"rface is %ery lar$e' s"nli$ht penetrates. .2cept for the motion of the s"n an! moon' other pro$ressions accor!in$ to 0h"$ are $oo!. <s for the s"n re%ersal' the re%ersal of penetratin$ s"nli$ht' that ha%in$ 4st been ma!e' a$ain ha%in$ tra%erse!' on the Hth !ay it seems to re%erse. *y e2aminin$ the s"n sha!o& it &ill accor! &ith that. This is like the In!ian calc"lation of the s"n re%ersal. Similarly since inhalation etc. the meas"res of time nails' are by po&er of the s"n' it sho"l! be kno&n that they are meas"re! by the former reasonin$. .2cept for these aforementione! e2ceptions' all the other calc"lations accor!in$

to the 0h"$ tra!ition' come o"t %ery &ell. These later time circles inten!e! meanin$s a!! a fe& s"bsi!iary points to the astrolo$ical calc"lations piths. a'jig rten khams ni bskyod pa dag gza'a yi rgyu ba mnyam a'khor lo can ni a'byung ba dang%kla klo rnams gyi chos ni nyams shing mchog gi bde ba'i gnas la rigs ldan gyis ni lam sbyin pa%a'di dag thams cad bdag gis khyod la don ni ji bzhin bzhad do zla ba bzang po dus gsum las%slar yang khyod ni skye bo kun la phan pa'i don dang thar pa'i slad du bdag la ci zhig a'dra%1)9 The prece!in$ chapter' the 4st inten!e! topic' has been e2plaine! in 63 sections. *y these 45H %erses' the re("este! e2planation of the ?orld Realm #hapter has been accomplishe!. The topics of the ne2t chapters re("este! ha%e been assi$ne!. The e2ternal world realm is the 4st en$en!ere!. 9a%in$ been en$en!ere!' its aspects an! meas"res etc. are pro!"ce! an! proliferate! an! the symbolic meas"res of time' an! moon stars in the 46 ho"ses an! the naa.!i-assi$nments of the planets' an! BequalB or accor!in$ &ith that' from &hat time in the 46 earth sections Bha%in$ the &heel of Dharma'B arises an! the !harma of the /alos !iminishes' an! the topic of the s"preme bliss of the ri$!ens' an! ho& this holy path &as $i%en' all these " the teacher e(plained to you as they are. B+uchandra'B 9a%in$ so a!!resse! him' he contin"e!' *y this composition about the 3 times for the sa*e of all beings& temporary benefit an! permanent liberation$ " the teacher have done what &as aske!' F&hen he &as re("este! an! "r$e! to !i%i!e "p the topics of the later chapters.G

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