March 4-6, 2014

Plan of the Day 1. Legal Jewish status in the Roman world

2. Summarizer: Comparing Jews' legal status in Rome to the United States

Clas

s Thesis
Although

In the Roman world, legal protection was not synonymous with social acceptance.

Roman law accepted and tolerated different religions, Romans themselves could be extremely intolerant and dismissive of foreign people and cultures.

Class

Skill

Claim and Evidence

Primary document analysis

Why are groups successful at attracting people?

1. 2.

Legal Status of the Jews under Rome Based solely on your prior knowledge, make a guess and record it on your sheet:

What was the legal status of Jews under Roman rule?

Legal Status of the Jews under Rome In the monthly distributions in his own city (i.e. Rome), when all the
people receive in turn either cash or corn, Augustus never put the Jews at a disadvantage in sharing the bounty. If it came about that that distribution occurred on the Sabbath when it is forbidden either to receive or give anything or perform any workaday task, and especially those connected with commerce, Augustus gave orders that those who carried out the distribution should keep back the Jews partition until the next day. -Philo, Embassy to Gaius 158

Underline

every Jewish custom you see in this text.

Legal Status of the Jews under Rome 1 BCE

Since the nation of the Jews and Hyrcanus, their high priest, have been found grateful to the people of the

Romans, not only in the present but also in the pastit seems good to methat the Jews shall use their own customs in accordance with their ancestral lawand that their sacred offerings shall be inviolable and shall be sent to Jerusalem and shall be paid to the financial officials of Jerusalem; and that they shall not have to appear in court on the Sabbath or on the day of preparation for it (Sabbath Eve after the ninth hour (3 pm). But if anyone is detected stealing their sacred books or their sacred money, either from a synagogue or from a dwelling, he shall be considered sacrilegious. Additionally, his property shall be confiscated by the public treasury of the Romans. -Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 16.162-170

Underline

every Jewish custom you see in this text.

Claim and Evidence: Jews' Legal Status

Take 5 minutes and write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) that answers the following
question:

Based

on the evidence you have read, what was the legal status of Jews and Judaism in the Roman world under Augustus?

Status of Jews Among Roman Elites

[In 15 BCE,] King Herod asked Marcus Agrippa to visit Judaea, and Agrippa agreed.

When Agrippa arrived in Judaea, Herod omitted nothing that might please him. He entertained him in his new-built cities, and showed him the buildings he had constructedHerod also conducted Agrippa to the city of Jerusalem, where all the people met him in their festival garments, and received him with praises. Agrippa also offered a hecatomb of sacrifices (100 cattle) to God and feasted the people, without omitting any of the greatest sweets that could be found. He also took so much pleasure there, that he stayed many days with the Jews. -Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 16.12
****

I may almost say that Augustus with all of his family, adorned our temple with many costly and magnificent offerings, commanding that continued sacrifices of whole burnt offerings should be offered up for ever and ever every day from his own money, as a first fruit of his own to the most high God. -Philo, Embassy To Gaius 23

Status of Jews Among Roman Elites

1.Who was Marcus Agrippa?
What did he think of the Jerusalem Temple?

2.What specific actions did Agrippa and Augustus take vis--vis the Temple?

Status of Jews Among Roman Elites 3.Why would Romans like Agrippa and Augustus have acted as they did?
Roman? How was it entirely

4.Based on your answers to these questions, what was life like for Jews under Roman rule?

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Who was present in the Court of the

Gentiles?

What might they have been doing there?

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Court of the Gentiles

Sanctuary

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Soreg (

) Inscription (Greek)

No foreigner (non-Jew) is to enter the barriers surrounding the Sanctuary. He who is caught will have himself to blame for his death that will follow.

What does this text and its position on the Temple Mount tell you about the official (legal + public view of elites) status of Jews during the Roman period?

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

What does the Soreg inscription prohibit?

For whom is the sign meant? How do you know?

( Soreg

) Inscription (Greek)

No foreigner (non-Jew) is to enter the barriers surrounding the Sanctuary. He who is caught will have himself to blame for his death that will follow.

What are the possible reasons for posting this sign? 1. Reasons for the Romans:

2. Reasons for the Jews:

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

What is the difference between these two warning signs? Who is the prime beneficiary of each?

Based on the examples of signs given, which type of sign is the Soreg inscription similar to? Please answer in 2-3 sentences, using evidence to back up your claim.

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Soreg (

) Inscription (Greek)

No foreign-born individual is to enter the barriers surrounding the Sanctuary. He who is caught will have himself to blame for his death that will follow.

Which type of sign is the Soreg inscription? What evidence and analysis support your claim?

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

What is the purpose of these two warning signs? Who are the beneficiaries?

Summarizer: Analysis and Extension

Take 5 minutes and write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) that answers the following
question:

the official status of Jews under Roman rule to the official status of Jews in the United States.
Compare

How are they similar? How are they different?

Exit Ticket

March 4, 2013

Plan of the Day 1. Legal Jewish status in the Roman world

2. Summarizer: Comparing Jews' legal status in Rome to the United States

Clas

s Thesis
Although

In the Roman world, legal protection was not synonymous with social acceptance.

Roman law accepted and tolerated different religions, Romans themselves could be extremely intolerant and dismissive of foreign people and cultures.

Class

Skill

Claim and Evidence

Primary document analysis

Why are groups successful at attracting people?

1. 2.

Legal Status of the Jews under Rome Based solely on your prior knowledge, make a guess and record it on your sheet:

What was the legal status of Jews under Roman rule?

Legal Status of the Jews under Rome In the monthly distributions in his own city (i.e. Rome), when all the
people receive in turn either cash or corn, Augustus never put the Jews at a disadvantage in sharing the bounty. If it came about that that distribution occurred on the Sabbath when it is forbidden either to receive or give anything or perform any workaday task, and especially those connected with commerce, Augustus gave orders that those who carried out the distribution should keep back the Jews partition until the next day. -Philo, Embassy to Gaius 158

Underline

every Jewish custom you see in this text.

Legal Status of the Jews under Rome 1 BCE

Since the nation of the Jews and Hyrcanus, their high priest, have been found grateful to the people of

the Romans, not only in the present but also in the pastit seems good to methat the Jews shall use their own customs in accordance with their ancestral lawand that their sacred offerings shall be inviolable and shall be sent to Jerusalem and shall be paid to the financial officials of Jerusalem; and that they shall not have to appear in court on the Sabbath or on the day of preparation for it (Sabbath Eve after the ninth hour (3 pm). But if anyone is detected stealing their sacred books or their sacred money, either from a synagogue or from a dwelling, he shall be considered sacrilegious. Additionally, his property shall be confiscated by the public treasury of the Romans. -Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 16.162-170

Underline

every Jewish custom you see in this text.

Claim and Evidence: Jews' Legal Status

Take 5 minutes and write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) that answers the following
question:

Based

on the evidence you have read, what was the legal status of Jews and Judaism in the Roman world under Augustus?

Status of Jews Among Roman Elites

[In 15 BCE,] King Herod asked Marcus Agrippa to visit Judaea, and Agrippa agreed.

When Agrippa arrived in Judaea, Herod omitted nothing that might please him. He entertained him in his new-built cities, and showed him the buildings he had constructedHerod also conducted Agrippa to the city of Jerusalem, where all the people met him in their festival garments, and received him with praises. Agrippa also offered a hecatomb of sacrifices (100 cattle) to God and feasted the people, without omitting any of the greatest sweets that could be found. He also took so much pleasure there, that he stayed many days with the Jews. -Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 16.12
****

I may almost say that Augustus with all of his family, adorned our temple with many costly and magnificent offerings, commanding that continued sacrifices of whole burnt offerings should be offered up for ever and ever every day from his own money, as a first fruit of his own to the most high God. -Philo, Embassy To Gaius 23

Status of Jews Among Roman Elites

1.Who was Marcus Agrippa?
What did he think of the Jerusalem Temple?

2.What specific actions did Agrippa and Augustus take vis--vis the Temple?

Status of Jews Among Roman Elites 3.Why would Romans like Agrippa and Augustus have acted as they did?
Roman? How was it entirely

4.Based on your answers to these questions, what was life like for Jews under Roman rule?

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Who was present in the Court of the
Gentiles?

What might they have been doing there?

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Court of the Gentiles

Sanctuary

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Soreg (

) Inscription (Greek)

No foreigner (non-Jew) is to enter the barriers surrounding the Sanctuary. He who is caught will have himself to blame for his death that will follow.

What does this text and its position on the Temple Mount tell you about the official (legal + public view of elites) status of Jews during the Roman period?

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

What does the Soreg inscription prohibit?

For whom is the sign meant? How do you know?

( Soreg

) Inscription (Greek)

No foreigner (non-Jew) is to enter the barriers surrounding the Sanctuary. He who is caught will have himself to blame for his death that will follow.

What are the possible reasons for posting this sign? 1. Negative reason(s)

2. Positive reason(s)

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

What is the difference between these two warning signs?

Jerusalem Temple Mount (Roman Period)

Soreg (

) Inscription (Greek)

No foreign-born individual is to enter the barriers surrounding the Sanctuary. He who is caught will have himself to blame for his death that will follow.

What does this text and its position on the Temple Mount tell you about the official (legal + public views of elites) status of Jews during the Roman period?

Summarizer: Analysis and Extension

Take 5 minutes and write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) that answers the following
question:

the official status of Jews under Roman rule to the official status of Jews in the United States.
Compare

How are they similar? How are they different?

Map of Roman Empire 1st Century CE

D
5

H
3 2 7

6 4 1

A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 .

Map of Judea and Galilee