Source: The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry on CD-ROM, 1994 Fe 1!" - 1!

#: $ffect of
%ifferent &oly'eri(ation techni)ues on %i'ensional staility of recor% ases
--------------------------------
$ffect of %ifferent &oly'eri(ation techni)ues on %i'ensional staility of recor% ases
Jaffar M* $lahi DMD, MS + Moha''e% ,lee' ,%ullah MDS
Colle-e of Dentistry, .in- Sau% /ni0ersity, Riya%h, .in-%o' of Sau%i ,raia
1n this stu%y, %iscre&ancies in the a%a&tation of the &osterior or%ers of 'a2illary
recor% ases to their casts 3ere analy(e% 3ith fi0e &oly'eri(ation techni)ues: 415 ench
curin-, 465 curin- un%er a coat of &etroleu' 7elly, 4#5 curin- in a 'ono'er at'os&here,
445 curin- un%er air &ressure, an% 4!5 curin- un%er 3ar' 3ater an% air &ressure* Ten
recor% ases 3ere 'a%e 3ith each of the fi0e techni)ues an% 3ere teste% i''e%iately
for %i'ensional accuracy* Measure'ents of a%a&tations 3ere 'a%e at three &oints that
re&resent the ri-ht an% left crest of the ri%-e an% 'i%&alatal re-ion 3ith a 'easurin-
'icrosco&e e)ui&&e% 3ith a filar unit-'easurin- eye&iece* Di'ensional chan-es 3ere
oser0e% un%er all test con%itions* The 'ono'er at'os&here techni)ue &ro%uce% the
least %i'ensional chan-e 3hen co'&are% 3ith other techni)ues* 4J PROST8$T D$9T
1994+:1:1!";#*5
,uto&oly'eri(in- acrylic resin is often use% to 'a<e ortho%ontic a&&liances, %irect &ost
an% core &atterns, interocclusal recor%s, sol%erin- in%ices for fi2e% &artial %entures,
custo' trays, an% recor% ases*1-4 Discre&ancies in a%a&tation on the cast at the
&osterior or%er of 'a2illary recor% ases ha0e een re&orte% y se0eral in0esti-ators
an% are attriute% to linear %i'ensional chan-es an% 0olu'etric shrin<a-e*!-= >ar&a-e
of a recor% ase affects the fit an% staility on the casts an% in the &atient?s 'outh* This
in turn affects accuracy of 7a3 relation recor%s an% ulti'ately the occlusion*9, 1"
Se0eral &oly'eri(ation techni)ues ha0e een a%0ocate% to 'ini'i(e %iscre&ancy of the
recor% ases on the cast an% inclu%e: 415 ench curin-, 465 curin- un%er a coat of
&etroleu' 7elly, 4#5 curin- in a 'ono'er at'os&here, 445 curin- un%er air &ressure an%
4!5 curin- un%er 3ar' 3ater an% air &ressure*1, 6, 11 Crai-16 reco''en%e% that
auto&oly'eri(in- acrylic resin e &rocesse% in 4!@ C 3ater un%er 6" &si &ressure*
8o3e0er, accor%in- to Morro3 et al*,1 auto&oly'eri(in- acrylic resin %enture ases
cure% in this 'anner are %i'ensionally less stale than those cure% at nor'al
at'os&heric &ressure* O?Toole et al*11 re&orte% that %enture ases &oly'eri(e% in a
'ono'er at'os&here an% coate% 3ith &etroleu' 7elly 3ere %i'ensionally 'ore stale
than those cure% y the 'etho% reco''en%e% y Crai-*16
Aecause the fit of the recor% ase affects the accuracy of centric an% eccentric 7a3
relation recor%s an% the final occlusal relationshi& of the &rocesse% %enture, a curin-
techni)ue that &ro%uces a %i'ensionally stale recor% ase is %esirale* This stu%y
%eter'ine% the effect of fi0e curin- techni)ues on the accuracy of fit of recor% ases on
the casts*
M$T8OD
Fifty casts 3ere &oure% in %ental stone 4Denstone, Colu'us Dent Cor&*, St* Bouis,
Mo*5 into a ne3 e%entulous 'ol% 4Dento For' 9o* S-SO, Colu'us Dental, 9e3 Cor<,
9* C*5* Denstone 'aterial 3as 'i2e% y use of 1"" -' of &o3%er an% 69 'B 3ater
un%er 0acuu' accor%in- to the 'anufacturer?s reco''en%ations* $ach cast 3as
re'o0e% fro' the 'ol% after 1 hour an% allo3e% to %ry for 64 hours, then co0ere% 3ith
t3o coats of tinfoil sustitute 4Jelen<o Co*, 9e3 Cor<, 9* C*5 an% allo3e% to %ry for 1
a%%itional hour*
Construction of recor% ase
Fifty 'a2illary recor% ases 3ere 'a%e fro' auto&oly'eri(in- resin 4Aos3orth
Fastray, 8arry J* Aos3orth Co*, S<o<ie, 1ll*5 an% 'i2e% accor%in- to the 'anufacturer?s
instructions* The resin 3as s&atulate% for 1 'inute an% 3hen the 'i2ture eca'e
strin-y, 3ater at roo' te'&erature 466@ D 1@ C5 3as incor&orate% in the -lass 7ar* The
a%%ition of 3ater re%uce% the e2other'ic heat an% increase% the 3or<in- ti'e 3hile
&re0entin- the 'aterial fro' stic<in- to the 3alls of the 7ar* The %ou-h 3as <nea%e% for
#" secon%s, &lace% in the 'ol% for'er 4Rollette /nit, .err Manufacturin- Co*,
Ro'ulus, Mich*5, an% rolle% into a unifor' 6 '' thic< sheet* The resin sheet 3as
&lace% o0er the 0ault of the cast an% a%a&te% o0er the ri%-e to the forni2 of the 0estiule
3ithout thinnin- the 'aterial* Fin-er &ressure 3as 'aintaine% to &re0ent the resin fro'
reoun%in- fro' the cast*1 The or%ers of the acrylic resin sheet 3ere tri''e% 3ith a
shar& Aar%-Par<er sur-ical la%e* Fi0e &oly'eri(in- techni)ues 3ere use%, an% for each
techni)ue, the recor% ase 3as a%a&te% in the sa'e 'anner* Ten recor% ases 3ere
'a%e for each of the fi0e techni)ues an% 3ere teste% i''e%iately for %i'ensional
%iscre&ancy*
Poly'eri(ation techni)ues
Techni)ue 1* The recor% ase 3as ench cure% for # 'inutes after the resin sheet 3as
a%a&te% on the cast an% the or%ers 3ere tri''e%* The &oly'eri(ation ti'e of #
'inutes accor%in- to the 'anufacturer?s instructions 3as follo3e%*
Techni)ue 6* Poly'eri(ation 3as at roo' te'&erature 466@ D 1@ C5 until the acrylic
resin ha% lost its sheen 4a&&ro2i'ately 1 'inute5 an% the resin 3as coate% 3ith a thin
layer of &etroleu' 7elly 4Ei-Jon, 1nc*, St* Bouis, Mo*5*
Techni)ue #* , thir% set of recor% ases 3as &lace% in a hu'i%or that containe%
saturate% 'ono'er 0a&or i''e%iately after a%a&tation an% tri''in- on the cast an%
3as then allo3e% to &oly'eri(e*
Techni)ue 4* The fourth set of recor% ases 3as &lace% in a tri&o% stan% &lace% in a
&ressure &ot that containe% 4!@ C 3ater elo3 the le0el of the tri&o% stan%* The cast
3ith the recor% ase 3as not i''erse% in the 3ater* The &ressure in the &ot 3as
increase% to 6" &si an% left un%isture% for # 'inutes*
Techni)ue !* The ase on the cast 3as i''erse% in 3ater at 4!@ C in the &ressure &ot*
The &ressure 3as then increase% to 6" &si an% left un%isture% for # 'inutes* The ase
3as allo3e% to cure for # 'inutes an% 3as teste% for a%a&tation on the cast
i''e%iately*
Testin- a%a&tation of recor% ase to cast
The recor% ases 3ere seate% an% lute% to the casts 3ith stic<y 3a2 to &re0ent
'o0e'ent %urin- 'ountin- on the 'icrosco&e* The s&ace et3een the cast an% the
recor% ase that occurre% ecause of &oly'eri(ation shrin<a-e at the &osterior or%er
across the tuerosities an% 'i%&alatal re-ions 3as 'easure% to the nearest 'icron* ,
'easurin- 'icrosco&e e)ui&&e% 3ith a filar unit 'easurin- eye&iece 3as use%*
Measure'ents 3ere 'a%e at three &oints, ,, A an% C, 3hich re&resente% the ri-ht crest
of the ri%-e, the 'i%&alatal re-ion, an% the left crest of the ri%-e 4Fi-* 15* The
'easure'ents 3ere 'a%e y the sa'e in0esti-ator at three %ifferent inter0als an% the
'ean 0alues 3ere recor%e%*
R$S/BTS
One-3ay analysis of 0ariance 3as use% to fin% the si-nificance of fi0e &oly'eri(ation
techni)ues at &oints ,, A, an% C* The F-ratio an% si-nificance le0els sho3n in Tale 1
%e'onstrate that at all three &ointsF,, A, an% CFat least one &air of 'eans is
si-nificantly %ifferent 4& G "*""15 an% the &-0alue is the sa'e for all of the three one-
3ay analysis of 0ariance tests*
Tales 6 throu-h 4 sho3 the 'ulti&le ran-e test 4BSD 'etho%5, 'ean, stan%ar% error,
an% nu'er of sa'&les* 9one of the asteris<s in the three tales is ali-ne% 0ertically
ecause the 9!H confi%ence inter0al of the 'eans is not o0erla&&in- in the fi0e
&oly'eri(ation techni)ues* This in%icates that &airs of the 'eans at &oints ,, A, an% C
are si-nificantly %ifferent 4Fi-* 65*
Tales 6 throu-h 4 of all of the &oly'eri(ation techni)ues %e'onstrate that techni)ue !
43ater an% air &ressure5 resulte% in 'a2i'u' %iscre&ancy 3hen co'&are% 3ith other
techni)ues at &oints ,, A, an% C* ,t &oint A 4'i%-&alate5, the results sho3e% 'a2i'u'
%i'ensional chan-e in techni)ue ! co'&are% 3ith techni)ue # 4hu'i%or 3ith 'ono'er
0a&or5 of a&&ro2i'ately 9" '', 3hereas at &oints , an% C, 3hich re&resent the crest of
the ri%-e, the %iscre&ancy 3as 'uch less 4a&&ro2i'ately 4! ''5 4Fi-* 65*
D1SC/SS1O9
1n this stu%y, auto&oly'eri(in- recor% ases sho3e% %i'ensional chan-es un%er all fi0e
test con%itions that 3ere si-nificantly %ifferent fro' each other 4& G "*""15 at the three
reference &oints of 'easure'ents* 8o3e0er, &oly'eri(ation techni)ue # 4'ono'er
at'os&here5 &ro%uce% the least %i'ensional chan-e 4Tales 6 throu-h 45* These results
are in a-ree'ent 3ith the stu%y of O?Toole et al*,11 3hich %e'onstrate% the effect of
the &oly'eri(ation techni)ue on %i'ensional staility y use of a rectan-ular acrylic
resin &late that re&resente% a t3o-%i'ensional 'easure'ent* 8o3e0er, the %iscre&ancy
of a%a&tation of the recor% ase to a 'a2illary cast 3as analy(e% in this stu%y* This is a
three-%i'ensional 'easure'ent that si'ulate% a clinical situation*
, stu%y %one y Crai-16 in%icate% that auto&oly'eri(in- resin &rocesse% in 4!@ C
3ater 0a&or un%er 6" &si &ressure sho3e% 'ini'u' %istortion* 8o3e0er, accor%in- to
Morro3 et al*,1 %enture ases cure% in this 'anner are %i'ensionally less stale than
those cure% at nor'al at'os&heric &ressure* Further, the O?Toole et al*11 stu%y
in%icate% that %enture ases &oly'eri(e% in 'ono'er 0a&or an% coate% 3ith &etroleu'
7elly are %i'ensionally 'ore stale than those cure% y the 'etho% reco''en%e% y
Crai-16 an% Morro3 et al*1
CB191C,B 1MPB1C,T1O9S
Recor% ases &oly'eri(e% in a &ressure &ot 3ere %i'ensionally less stale than those
&oly'eri(e% in a hu'i%or, 3hich can e 'a%e ine2&ensi0ely fro' an airti-ht &lastic
container* 1n this stu%y, %i'ensional chan-es 3ere oser0e% a'on- the fi0e techni)ues
an% the %ifference of %i'ensional chan-e 3as in a ran-e fro' 6"6*: to 691*: '', a
%ifference of =9 '' at &oint A* This %i'ensional chan-e of a recor% ase that reste% on
co'&ressile tissue 3oul% e co'&ensate% 3ithout co'&ro'isin- staility* 8ence, the
su&eriority of one techni)ue o0er another clai'e% y other authors a&&ears to ha0e less
clinical si-nificance* The results of this stu%y sustantiate that any of the fi0e techni)ues
is acce&tale clinically ecause of soft tissue %is&laceaility* Further, the stu%y of
Furnish et al*I in%icate% that little %ifference occurre% in the stren-th of acrylic resin
cure% y the fi0e 'etho%s of &oly'eri(ation*
CO9CB/S1O9S
1 Discre&ancy of recor% ase a%a&tation to the 'a2illary cast cure% y the fi0e
&oly'eri(ation techni)ues in%icate% that si-nificant %ifference e2iste% 4& G "*""15*
6 Poly'eri(ation techni)ue !, 3hich use% 3ater an% air &ressure, re0eale%
'a2i'u' %iscre&ancy at the 'i%&alatal re-ion*
# Poly'eri(ation techni)ue #, 3hich use% a hu'i%or 3ith 'ono'er 0a&or
in%icate% 'ini'u' %iscre&ancy at the 'i%&alatal re-ion*
4 Aecause the oser0e% %iscre&ancy et3een these t3o techni)ues is
a&&ro2i'ately 9" '' at the 'i%&alatal area, it has no clinical si-nificance* 8ence, any
one of the fi0e techni)ues 'ay e use% for the farication of recor% ases*
Source: The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry on CD-ROM, 1994 Fe 1!" - 1!#: Bist of
References*
--------------------------------
1* Morro3 RM, Ru%% .D, $iss'ann 8F* Dental laoratory &roce%ure* 0ol 1* St
Bouis: CE Mosy Co, 19=":=!*
6* Mon%elli J, Piccino ,C, Aerert ,* ,n acrylic resin &attern for a cast %o3el an%
core* J PROST8$T D$9T 19:1+6!:44;:*
#* 8u-hes 8J* T3o uses of acrylic co&in-s in restorati0e %entistry* ,ust Dent J
19:#+4:1"6;4*
4* Patterson JC* , techni)ue of accurate sol%erin-* J PROST8$T D$9T
19:6+6=:!!6;I*
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resin* J ,' Dent ,ssoc 19!!+!1:46I;#1*
I* Furnish 9J, O?Toole TJ, Eon Fraunhofer J,* The &oly'eri(ation of acrylic
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PROST8$T D$9T 19=6+4::6:9;=#*
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9* Schoen P$, Steart JB* The effect of te'&orary %enture ases on the accuracy of
centric 7a3 relationshi&* J PROST8$T D$9T 19I:+1=:611;I*
1"* Cur<stas ,,, .a&ur ..* Factors influencin- centric relation recor%s in
e%entulous &atients* J PROST8$T D$9T 19I4+14:1"!4;I!*
11* O?Toole TJ, Furnish CM, Fraunhofer J,* Binear %istortion of acrylic resin* J
PROST8$T D$9T 19=!+!#:!#;!*
16* Crai- RJ* Restorati0e %ental 'aterials* Ith e%* St Bouis: CE Mosy Co,
19=":#=";1*