Running head: PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH 1

Pride & Prejudice: Spanih Accen! and E!hn"#ingui!ic Prejudice Again! Eng#ih$Spea%ing
Hipanic &igran! S!uden! in Cen!ra# 'ahing!"n
P( Ai#ene )ing#e*
&A TES+L Gradua!e S!uden!
Cen!ra# 'ahing!"n Uni,eri!*
Su-.i!!ed !" !he: Paci/ic N"r!h0e! A.erican S!udie A"cia!i"n C"n/erence
1+u!ide In2Inide +u!: 3I.4&igran! C"..uni!ie "/ !he Paci/ic N"r!h0e!1
Apri# 15$16 5715
Au!h"r N"!e
P( Ai#ene )ing#e*8 Depar!.en! "/ Eng#ih8 Cen!ra# 'ahing!"n Uni,eri!*(
C"rrep"ndence regarding !hi ar!ic#e h"u#d -e addreed !" P( Ai#ene )ing#e*8
Depar!.en! "/ Eng#ih8 Cen!ra# 'ahing!"n Uni,eri!*8 677 E( Uni,eri!* 'a*8
E##en-urg8 'A 9:95;( C"n!ac!: <79$;<6$9:91 "r p%ing#e*=c0u(edu(
PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Pride & Prejudice: Spanih Accen! and E!hn"#ingui!ic Prejudice Again! Eng#ih$Spea%ing
Hipanic &igran! S!uden! in Cen!ra# 'ahing!"n
A-!rac!
Thi !ud* e>a.ine !he -ai "/ e!hn"#ingui!ic prejudice again! Spanih pea%er "/ Eng#ih a
a ec"nd #anguage8 0i!h a dicui"n "/ reu#! /r". a !ud* "/ Hipanic .igran! !uden! a!
Cen!ra# 'ahing!"n Uni,eri!*( I! ana#*?e !he p"#i!ic"$#ingui!ic "rigin "/ e!hnici!* and !he
ph"n"#"gica# !ran/er "/ Spanih in!" Eng#ih a a Sec"nd Language 3ESL4 a a -ai /"r
prejudice8 0i!h c"rrep"nding rec"..enda!i"n /"r e!hn"#ingui!ic princip#e "/ .u#!icu#!ura#
educa!i"n and -i#ingua#i. in !he Uni!ed S!a!e(
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PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Prejudice i an e!hn"cen!ric re/#ec!i"n !ha! reu#! /r". !he .eaure.en! "/ .inu!e di//erence
-e!0een !he @IA and @B"uA in #anguage -u! i! cann"! ecape !he ded"i. !ha! reu#! 0hen *"u
p"in! *"ur /inger a! ".e"ne e#e -u! ha,e /"ur /inger p"in!ing -ac% a! *"u( A.erican endu#ge
in !hi %ind e!hn"cen!ric /inger$p"in!ing "n a dai#* -ai 0hen !he* raie !he ephe.era# !andard
"/ A.ericani. !ha! a*: i!C 0h" *"u are a an indi,idua# !ha! c"un!( Du! i/ *"u d"nC! pea%
Eng#ih #i%e I d"8 !hen B+U d"nC! c"un!( A N"a. Ch".%* " di#igen!#* re.ind u:
@Eue!i"n "/ #anguage are -aica##* Fue!i"n "/ p"0erA 319G98 p( 1914
In ec"nd #anguage pr"gra. !hr"ugh"u! !he 0"r#d8 a Cu..in 357774 decri-e8 !here
are e>a.p#e "/ e.p"0ering educa!i"n( Cer!ain#* !h"e !ha! ha,e e,"#,ed /r". !he !he"r* and
pra>i "/ Pau#" Hreire c"n!inue !" crea!e .eaning/u# dia#"gue in !he c#ar"". !ha! cha##enge !he
pri,i#ege "/ p"0er and au!h"ri!* 3e(g( Hreire8 199:8 5777I Sh"r8 1995I Purce##$Ga!e8 57774( A
Cu..in 3577<4 "-er,e h"0e,er8 !hee pr"gra. @!end !" -e .a##$ca#e8 i"#a!ed8 and
di//icu#! !" u!ain ",er !he #"ng$!er.( ( ( (J-ecaueK !he ",er0he#.ing !rend i in !he "pp"i!e
direc!i"n( Sch""# uccu.- !" !he pre,a#en! "cie!a# dic"ure and /"cu "n direc! in!ruc!i"n "/
!he %i## !" -e aeed -* u-iFui!"u high$!a%e !andardi?ed !e!A 35:L8 5::4(
Thi %ind "/ e!hn"#ingui!ic dua#i. !ha! p"i! Eng#ih i @uperi"rA !" a## "!her
#anguage in !he 0"r#d8 i a deep re/#ec!i"n "/ !he ."n"#ingui!ic ign"rance !ha! A.erican
e!hn"cen!rici. ha pa0ned8 and i! peri! 0i!h e,ere repercui"n "n A.ericanC a-i#i!ie !"
grap !he pa!8 preen! and /u!ure i.p#ica!i"n "/ !heir "0n heri!age( N"0here in A.erica !"da*
i !hi e!hn"#ingui!ic prejudice ."re e,iden!M"r ."re de!ruc!i,eM!han in !he dicri.ina!i"n
again! Hipanic pea%er "/ Eng#ih a a Sec"nd Language 3ESL4( Thi paper 0i## ana#*?e !he
e,idence "/ !hi e!hn"#ingui!ic prejudice a e>perienced -* c"##ege .igran! !uden! in Cen!ra#
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PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
'ahing!"n( Thi ana#*i 0i## -e preen!ed in !he c"n!e>! "/ pa! c"n!ri-u!i"n /r". Spanih !"
A.erican cu#!ure8 preen! c"n!ra! -e!0een !he ph"n"#"g* "/ Spanih and Eng#ih8 and /u!ure
i.p#ica!i"n /"r .u#!icu#!ura# educa!i"n and -i#ingua#i. in A.erica(
The ,a#ue "/ e!hn"#ingui!ic enrich.en! !" an* cu#!ure8 and !he de,a!a!i"n "/
."n"#ingui. i c#ear#* e>p#ained -* #eading A.erican "ci"#ingui!8 J"hua Hih.an( In hi
dicui"n "/ !he de!ruc!i"n "/ .in"ri!* #anguage and !he /ai#ure "/ -i#ingua# educa!i"n8
Hih.an 319914 e>p#ain !ha! hi @0"r% "/ !he ;7 -egan a a Fue! /"r an* p"i-#* ",er#""%ed
uccee8 a.id! a## "/ !he c#ear#* "-,i"u /ai#ure8 in !he e//"r! !" ecure .in"ri!* #anguage
.ain!enance in !he Uni!ed S!a!eA 3>i4( In c".paring e!hn"#ingui!ic ,i!a#i!* !" .edicine in !he
Uni!ed S!a!e8 Hih.an c"n!end !ha! !he "ci"#"g* "/ #anguage .u! @de,e#"p prac!ice 0hich
addre !he.e#,e e>p#ici!#* !" N0e##neC and 0hich rec"gni?e !ha! e!hn"#ingui!ic N0e##neC i
una!!aina-#e 0i!h"u! !he"re!ica# %n"0#edge and app#ied e//"r! !ha! c"rrep"nd !" !he
e!hn"#ingui!ic and e!hn"cu#!ura# pre/erence and c"..i!.en! "/ peci/ic peech ne!0"r% and
peech c"..uni!ieA 3>ii4


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PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Thi !ud* -egin 0i!h a
Phonological Differences in English and Spanish
A .aj"r c"n!ra! in !he ph"n"#"gica# !ud* "/ #anguage i a di//erence in !he
upraeg.en!a#8 "r en!ence$#e,e#8 pa!!ern "/ rh*!h. !ha! are ca##ed ei!her @*##a-#e$!i.edA "r
@!re$!i.ed8A and !hee #ingui!ic pa!!ern ha,e i.p#ica!i"n /"r pea%ing and #i!ening in
ec"nd #anguage -ecaue !he* .a* !ran.i! di//eren! %ind "/ .eaning( Since #ingui!ic
an!hr"p"#"gi!8 )enne!h L( Pi%e 3196<4 /ir! de,e#"ped !hi c"n!ra! -e!0een !re$!i.ed and
*##a-#e$!i.ed #anguage8 Spanih ha genera##* -een c"nidered !" -e @*##a-#e$!i.ed8A a#!h"ugh
."re recen! ph"n"#"gica# !udie c"n!end !ha! !hi di!inc!i"n .a* n"! -e a-"#u!e 3Ha*e8 57794
A P"in!"n 319:74 ugge!8 Spanih .a* -e nei!her !re$!i.ed n"r *##a-#e$!i.ed8 -u! ha
@".e /"r. "/ eg.en!$!i.ing8 in 0hich !he nu.-er and !*pe "/ eg.en! in each *##a-#e8
!"ge!her 0i!h !he preence "r a-ence "/ !re de!er.ine !he dura!i"n "/ a *##a-#eA and i!
",era## !re pa!!ern 3p( L754(
Regard#e8 a !he hi!"rica# and curren! reearch indica!e8 Eng#ih i #egi!i.a!e#*
c"nidered a @!re$!i.edA #anguage 0hich e.p#"* e>!eni,e ,"0e# reduc!i"n8 #in%ing8
ai.i#a!i"n and c#i!ici?a!i"n pa!!ern !ha! @Fuee?eA *##a-#e !"ge!her -e!0een !ree !" %eep
en!ence rh*!h. /air#* isochronic "r regu#ar( In c"n!ra! !" !hi rh*!h.8 Spanih i de/ini!i,e#*
."re "/ a @eg.en!a#A and2"r @*##a-#e$!i.edA #anguage -ecaue *##a-#e are "/ ."re eFua#
dura!i"n and u!!erance #eng!h i e>!ended 0hen ."re *##a-#e "ccur(
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PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
The i.p#ica!i"n "/ !hi c"n!ra! are !ha! Eng#ih e.p#"* !re$!i.ed pa!!ern /"r
e.phai and c"..unica!e c"n!e>!ua# .eaning !hr"ugh upraeg.en!a# "r pr""dic !re( In
c"n!ra!8 Spanih dep#"* a @/i>ed$0"rd accen!A pa!!ern "/ #e>ica# !re 0i!h appr">i.a!e#* G<O
!" :7O "/ p"#**##a-ic 0"rd /"##"0ing a penu#!i.a!e !re pa!!ern 3Harri8 19:L4( Thi .ean
in Eng#ih !ha! c"n!e>!ua#8 in!erper"na# .eaning are u-!#* !ran.i!!ed -* c"n!ra! in !"ne and
in!"na!i"n pa!!ern8 0herea in Spanih8 !hee c"n!ra! are c"n,e*ed in e>p#ici! @/i>ed$0"rdA
di//erence in gra..ar8 uch a !he di//eren!ia!i"n -e!0een tu and usted !ha! e>i! in Spanih8
-u! n"! in !he gra..a!ica# pr"n"un ue "/ @*"uA in Eng#ih(
Thu8 -ecaue Spanih ha uch a pr".inen! penu#!i.a!e !re pa!!ern and a ,er*
."dera!e ue "/ in!"na!i"n !" c"..unica!e upraeg.en!a# !re pa!!ern8 Spanih pea%er are
in!ui!i,e#* !rained !" #i!en !" upraeg.en!a# !re !" iden!i/* *n!ac!ic "r #e>ica# c"gna!e and
c"njuga!i"n8 ra!her !han prag.a!ic .eaning( A Che#a de R"drigue? 319G;4 "-er,ed8 critical
differences in sentence meaning are more clearly distinguished in Spanish by grammatical
differences, instead of the stress-timed intonational patterns used in English. Che#a de
R"drigue? re#a!e: a Na!i,e pea%er "/ Eng#ih a a /ir! #anguage 3L14 0"u#d !*pica##* ju! ue
in!"na!i"n !" c"n!ra! !he .eaning in !he /"##"0ing !0" en!ence: @Tha!C n"! hi CARA and
@Tha!C n"! HIS car(A In !he /ir! en!ence8 !he in/#ec!ed .eaning 0"u#d -e: @Hi car i a
DIH/eren! car8A and !he ec"nd en!ence .eaning 0"u#d -e: @!ha! car -e#"ng !" S+&E"ne e#e(A
In Spanih8 !hee in!"na!i"na# .eaning 0"u#d n"r.a##* -e c"..unica!ed -* c#ear di//erence
in gra..a!ica# !ruc!ure8 ra!her !han in!"na!i"n( The /ir! en!ence8 /"r e>a.p#e8 0"u#d -e
e>preed !hr"ugh !he gra..ar: @Ese no es su choche, and !he ec"nd !a!e.en! 0"u#d -e:
No es el coche de l 319G;8 p( :4(
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PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
The gra..a!ica# !ruc!ure "/ Spanih !hu c"..unica!e di!inc! prag.a!ic .eaning
!ha! are uua##* c"..unica!ed !hr"ugh in!"na!i"n pa!!ern in Eng#ih8 !hu cauing igni/ican!
c"gni!i,e di"nance /"r Spanih pea%er "/ Eng#ih a a Sec"nd Language 3ESL4( H"0e,er8
upraeg.en!a# !re pa!!ern are !i## ,er* igni/ican! in SpanihM"n#* 0i!h a igni/ican!#*
di//eren! /unc!i"n( A Cu!#er8 N"rri & Se-a!iPn$Ga##Q 357764 "-er,e8 Spanih pea%er are
,er* adep! a! dicri.ina!ing -e!0een upraeg.en!a# !re di//erence8 -u! !heir audia# a!!en!i"n
i genera##* /"cued "n lexical distinctions in!ead "/ intonational meanings( Thi i -ecaue
Spanih ha #"nger 0"rd8 /e0er ph"ne.e and ."re deri,ed e.-edded *##a-#e /r". La!in
!han Eng#ih8 and i! i !hee *n!ac!ica# di!inc!i"n in .eaning !ha! are een!ia##* -eing
c"..unica!ed -* #e>ica# !re 3Cu!#er8 N"rri & Se-a!iPn$Ga##Q8 57768 pp( 1$64( Thi .ean
!ha! 0hi#e Spanih pea%er are /"cuing "n u-!#e eg.en!a# change in ,"0e# and ,er-
in/#ec!i"n !ha! igni/* change in !eneMand e>pec!ing Eng#ih pea%er !" Fui!e #i!era##* @a*
0ha! !he* .eanA verbally, a Spanih pea%er d"MEng#ih pea%er are e>pec!ing Spanih L5
pea%er !" u-!#* e>pre and in!erpre! !heir .eaning ."re nonverbally, a Eng#ih L1 pea%er
are !rained !" d"8 and !hi /"r. a -ai /"r c"n/ui"n and di!ru! in "rdinar* c"n,era!i"n(
Rer* i.p"r!an!#*8 a Che#a$H#"re 3199G4 rep"r!8 !*pica# Eng#ih in!"na!i"n pa!!ern a#"
!end !" p#ace grea!e! pr".inence "n !he #a! c"n!en! 0"rd in a en!ence8 -u! !*pica# Spanih
en!ence !re pa!!ern !end !" re!ain pr".inence /ar!her !"0ard !he righ! "/ !he en!ence8
regard#e "/ 0he!her !he !reed 0"rd i a c"n!en! 0"rd "r n"!( Thu !he !reed en!ence in
Eng#ih @ohn a%ed .e !" TAL) !" hi.A 0"u#d n"r.a##* -e !reed in Spanih a @ohn .e
pidi! Fue hablara c"n SLA 3Che#a$H#"re8 199G8 p( 64( A#"8 un#i%e Eng#ih in 0hich !he nuc#ear
!re and !he highe! !"na# pea% uua##* c"incide8 in Spanih !he !"na# pea% "ccur "n !he /ir!
*##a-#e "/ !he uni! in 0hich !he pi!ch change( Thi .ean !ha! !he /ina# !reed 0"rd in
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PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Spanih i n"! uua##* .ar%ed -* a rie in pi!ch8 and !hi .a%e iden!i/*ing uch .ar% in
Eng#ih e,en ."re di//icu#! /"r Spanih L1 pea%er 3199G8 p( 64(
A Che#a$H#"re i##u!ra!e in !he un.ar%ed Eng#ih dec#ara!i,e en!ence8 @He arri,ed
0i!h hi C+Uin8A !he 0"rd c"uin a#" recei,e !he highe! pi!ch in !he in!"na!i"na# uni!( In !he
dec#ara!i,e en!ence e>preing !hi .eaning in Spanih h"0e,er8 "leg# con su $%&mo, !he
highe! in!"na!i"n 0"u#d -e "n !he /ir! *##a-#e "/ !he ,er- lleg#, 0hi#e !he pr".inence 0"u#d
-e "n !he /ir! *##a-#e $%& in primo "r @c"uin8A 3199G8 p( 64 and !hi /ur!her c".p#ica!e
Spanih pea%erC a-i#i!ie !" #earn !he in!"na!i"na# !re pa!!ern in Eng#ih -ecaue !he
upraeg.en!a# !re pa!!ern in Spanih are di//eren!#* ru#e$-"und( In addi!i"n8 reearch -*
Che#a$H#"re and "!her 3Che#a$H#"re 199LI Ha-er 1991I Ta*#"r 199148 a#" ugge! !ha!
*##a-#e #eng!h i !he ."! 0ide#* enc"un!ered di//icu#!* /"r de,e#"ping in!e##igi-i#i!* a."ng
/"reign #earner "/ Eng#ih8 and i! i a .aj"r "-!ac#e !" acFuiring near$Na!i,e pr"nuncia!i"n
3Ada. and &unr" 19G:4( Thu8 /"r Spanih ESL pea%er8 !hee di//icu#!ie in a#!ering !heir
in!ui!i,e eg.en!a# and *##a-#e$!i.ed pa!!ern !ha! are i.-edded in !he semantic and syntactic
thought patterns "/ Spanih !" acFuire the pragmatic speech patterns "/ in!"na!i"na#8 !re$
!i.ed .eaning in Eng#ih are grea!#* c".p#ica!ed -* !he *##a-#e$dura!i"n in Eng#ih and !he
c".p#ica!ed #e>ica# and gra..a!ica# .eaning !ha! are i.-edded in !he ."re rea"na-#e8
*##a-#e$!i.ed pa!!ern "/ Spanih(
Hina##*8 !hee .u#!i$#a*er eg.en!a# and upraeg.en!a# c"n!ra! -e!0een 0"rd and
en!ence !re in Eng#ih and Spanih are /ur!her c".p#ica!ed -* ph"n"#"gica# ru#e in Spanih
!ha! are .iin!erpre!ed -* Eng#ih Na!i,e Spea%er 3L14 0hen c"..unica!ing 0i!h Spanih ESL
pea%er 3L54( Speci/ica##*8 a#!h"ugh ph"n"#"gica# pr"cee uch a #in%ing8 c#i!ici?a!i"n8 and
ai.i#a!i"n "ccur in Spanih8 ,"0e# reduc!i"n 30hich acc"un! /"r ."! "/ !he eFua##*$
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PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
.eaured dura!i"n8 "r @/ee!8A in Eng#ih4 i rare#* preen! in Spanih( In /ac!8 -eide e>!ending
u!!erance !" .ain!ain re#a!i,e#* eFua# *##a-#e dura!i"n8 Spanih a#" c".."n#* e.p#"*
@epen!hei8A !hr"ugh !he iner!i"n "/ an "pen *##a-#e 'el !" .ain!ain *##a-#e di!inc!i"n. Thi
pr"ce ha -een e.p#"*ed ince R".an !i.e in I-erian Spanih8 and !he %eal (cademia
Espa)ola en/"rce !hi ru#e e,en "n c"gna!e in Spanih .a%ing !he iner!i"n "/ 'e' @!he "//icia#
"r!h"graph* "nce !he 0"rd i /e#! !" -e na!ura#i?edA 3'hi!#e*8 57758 p( L64(
Thi epenthesis, "r iner!i"n "/ !he ph"ne.e 'e' -e/"re 0"rd -eginning 0i!h 2s' in La!in8
"ccur in ."! R".ance #anguage inc#uding Spanih8 Hrench and I!a#ian8 -u! i! a#" "ccur in
"!her #anguage !hr"ugh"u! !he &edi!erranean regi"n8 inc#uding Gree%8 Ar.enian8 Tur%ih8 and
Perian 3L#"*d8 19:G4( Acc"rding !" L#"*d 319:G48 !hee La!in !rancrip!i"n 0ere rec"rded a
ear#* a !he ec"nd cen!ur* A(D(8 and /ur!her !udie in #ingui!ic an!hr"p"#"g* .a* ac!ua##*
re,ea# !heir ph"ne!ic "rigin in ear#* i>!h cen!ur* D(C( .igra!i"n "/ !he A*rian !" Ce#!ic
I-eria "r in "!her Pa#e"hipanic !rancrip!i"n during !he 677$;77 *ear "/ R".an "ccupa!i"n
circa 577 D(C( !" 677 A(D(( Regard#e8 !hi iner!i"n "/ !he ph"ne.e 2e2 -e/"re !he *##a-#e$
ini!ia# 's' ha -een .anda!ed in Spain -* !he %eal (cademia ince i! /"unda!i"n in 1G1L8 ",er
L77 *ear ag"(
Again !he i.p#ica!i"n "/ !hi ph"n"#"gica# ru#e /"r Spanih L5 pea%er "/ Eng#ih8 a
S!"c%0e## and D"0en 319;<4 "-er,e8 are igni/ican!( A#!h"ugh !he ph"ne.e 22 "ccur in -"!h
Spanih and Eng#ih8 i! di!ri-u!i"n i !ri%ing#* di//eren! in Spanih -ecaue @22 can ne,er
"ccur -e/"re a c"n"nan! in !he a.e *##a-#e8 0herea in Eng#ih8 i! can( Thi i n" .ere
hi!"rica# /ac! "r curi"u de!ai# "/ "-er,a!i"n J-ecaue in !hi #"ca!i"nK 22 i n"! an "p!i"na#
ch"ice /"r !he Spanih pea%erA 3p( <4( Thu8 0hen !hi c"n/#ic! "ccur8 i! ha c"neFuence /"r
#earning !he !0" #anguage -ecaue !he ph"n"#"gica# ru#e !ha! !and -ehind u!!erance in an*
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PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
#anguage are re/#ec!i"n "/ !he cu#!ure in 0hich a Na!i,e pea%er #earn !" c"..unica!e8 and in
0hich a## Na!i,e pea%er de,e#"p a u-c"nci"u @.uc#e .e."r*A in !heir !"ngue /r".
in/anc* "n0ard(
Be! in c"n,era!i"na# Eng#ih p"%en -* Spanih L5 pea%er8 !hi epenthesis ha e,en
."re eri"u c"neFuence -ecaue i! i "/!en u-c"nci"u#* .iin!erpre!ed -* #i!ener a a
-ai /"r e!hn"#ingui!ic prejudice( Decaue La!in c"gna!e in Eng#ih -eginning 0i!h 2s' !ha!
.anda!e epenthesis in Spanih are " c".."n8 !he pr"nuncia!i"n "/ 0"rd uch a @es-ch""#A
and @es-!uden!A /"r @ch""#A and @!uden!A are in!erpre!ed a re/#ec!ing an e!hn"#ingui!ic
ign"rance "/ Eng#ih( 'herea8 !hi pr"nuncia!i"n "/ !he La!in c"gna!e escuela and estudiante
/"r @ch""#A and @!uden!8A #i%e a## 2s' ini!ia# c"n"nan! in Spanih are !ric!#* reFuired !" -e
preceded -* an 'e', acc"rding !" !he cen!urie$"#d ru#e in Spanih(
S" !hee are ".e "/ !he -ae /"r e!hn"#ingui!ic prejudice again! Spanih ESL
pea%er( De/"re c"nidering h"0
What about Spanglish?
Dr( Ana Ten!e##a8 pr"/e"r emeritus a!
Future Implications for Multicultural Education in the United States
A Purce##$Ga!e /"re0arn A.erican educa!"r: @i/ 0e c"n!inue !" ue !he .ain!rea.
e>perience "/ rea#i!* a !he perpec!i,e8 0e /""# "ure#,e in!" -e#ie,ing !ha! 0e are #""%ing
!hr"ugh a 0ind"0 0hen in!ead 0e are #""%ing in!" a .irr"r( +ur e>p#ana!i"n !hrea!en !"
re/#ec! "n#* "ure#,e and "ur 0"r#d8 er,ing n" rea# e>p#ana!"r* purp"eA 3199<8 p( ;4(
A Cra0/"rd 3577;4 in/"r. u8 in hi dicui"n "/ !he English $lus .",e.en! in !he
Uni!ed S!a!e !ha! reu#!ed in -i#ingua# re"#u!i"n paed in /"ur !a!e 3Ne0 &e>ic"8 +reg"n8
17
PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Rh"de I#and and 'ahing!"n4 a a c"un!er/"rce !" !he ra.pan! *fficial English !a!e #a0 !ha!
0ere paed !hr"ugh"u! !he na!i"n in !he 19:7 and 1997: @Ra!her !han !rea!ing -i#ingua#i. a
a nuiance "r a !hrea!8 0e h"u#d e>p#"i! "ur di,eri!* !" enrich !he #i,e "/ indi,idua# and /"!er
!he na!i"nC in!ere!8 0hi#e enc"uraging e!hnic !"#erance and a/eguarding ci,i# righ!A 33a ci!ed
in P"!"0%i8 p( G4(
)rahen 319954 ugge! !ha! ucce/u# -i#ingua# educa!i"n pr"gra. ac!ua##* reu#! in /a!er acFuii!i"n "/ Eng#ih(
C"n!en! .a!!er !augh! in !he na!i,e #anguage can -e !ran/erred !" !he ec"nd #anguage( In !he regu#ar c#ar"".8
c"n/r"n!ed 0i!h -"!h c"ncep! and #anguage !ha! are n"! c".preheni-#e !" !he.8 #i.i!ed Eng#ih pea%er #earn
nei!her !he c"n!en! n"r !he #anguage( Reearch indica!e !ha! #anguage acFuii!i"n "ccur "n#* 0hen inc".ing
.eage can -e under!""d 3)rahen8 19954(
11
PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
References
Ada.8 C( & &unr"8 R( 319G:4( In earch "/ !he ac"u!ic c"rre#a!e "/ !re: Hunda.en!a#
/reFuenc*8 a.p#i!ude and dura!i"n in !he c"nnec!ed u!!erance "/ ".e na!i,e and n"n$
na!i,e pea%er "/ Eng#ih( $honetica, +,, 15<$1<;(
Dar"n8 D( E( 319974( -he English-*nly .uestion/ (n *fficial "anguage for (mericans0( Ne0
Ha,en8 CT: Ba#e Uni,eri!* Pre(
D"rda8 J( 3577G4( Salsa, Soul, and Spirit/ "eadership for a 1ulticultural (ge. San Hrancic"8
CA: Derre!!$)"eh#er Pu-#iher(
Car!er8 P( &( 3577<4( Euan!i/*ing rh*!h.ic di//erence -e!0een Spanih8 Eng#ih8 and Hipanic
Eng#ih( In R( S( Ge8 & E( J( Ru-in8 3Ed(48 -heoretical and Experimental (pproaches
to %omance "inguistics/ Selected $apers from the +2
th
"inguistic Symposium on
%omance "anguages. Phi#ade#phia8 PA: J"hn Denja.in8 ;LUG<(
Ch".%*8 N(8 & R"na!8 &( 319G94( Language and rep"ni-i#i!*: Daed "n c"n,era!i"n 0i!h
&i!"u R"na!( Ne0 B"r%: Pan!he"n D""%(
Che#a de R"drigue?8 D( 319G;4( Teaching Eng#ih upraeg.en!a# !" Spanih pea%er( In '(
&( Hu## and P( Dr"c%ing!"n 3Ed(48 3ansas 4or5ing $apers in (nthropology and
"inguistics. Re!rie,ed /r". h!!p:22%uch"#ar0"r%(%u(edu2dpace2hand#e21:7:2G76
Che#a$H#"re8 D( 3199L4( +n !he acFuii!i"n "/ Eng#ih rh*!h.: The"re!ica# and prac!ica# iue(
"enguas 1odernas, 67, 1<1$1;6(
Che#a$H#"re8 D( 3199G4( Rh*!h.ic pa!!ern a -aic uni! in pr"nuncia!i"n !eaching(
*noma8ein, 58 111$1L6(
15
PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Cu..in8 J( 357774( Language8 p"0er8 and pedag"g*: Di#ingua# chi#dren in !he cr"/ire(
C#e,ed"n JEng#and: &u#!i#ingua# &a!!er(
Cu..in8 J( 3577<4( Can ch""# e//ec!i,e#* cha##enge c"erci,e p"0er re#a!i"n in !he 0ider
"cie!*V In T( L( &cCar!* 3Ed(4( "anguage, "literacy, and $o9er in Schooling( &ah0ah8
NJ: L( Er#-au. A"cia!e(
Cu!#er8 A(8 N"rri8 D(8 & Se-a!iWn$Ga##Q8 N( 357764( Ph"ne.ic reper!"ire and i.i#ari!* 0i!hin !he ,"ca-u#ar*( In
S( )in8 & &( J( Dae 3Ed(48 $roceedings of the :
th
&nternational ;onference on Spo5en "anguage
$rocessing 3In!erpeech 5776$ICSLP48 ;<$;:( Se"u#: Sunjijn Prin!ing C".pan*8 1$6(
Ha-er8 D( 319914( Teaching !he rh*!h. "/ Eng#ih: A ne0 !he"re!ica# -ae( In A( Dr"0n 3Ed(4
pp( 56<$5<:( -eaching English $ronunciation/ ( <oo5 of %eadings( L"nd"n: L"ng.an(
Hih.an8 J"hua A( %eversing "anguage Shift/ -heoretical and Empirical =oundations of (ssistance to -hreatened
"anguages( C#e,ed"n: &u#!i#ingua# &a!!er8 1991( Prin!(
Hreire8 P( 3199:4( $edagogy of =reedom. Ethics, >emocracy, and ;ivic ;ourage( R"0.an & Li!!#e/ie#d Pu-#iher8
Inc(8 6G57 D"!"n 'a*8 Lanha.8 &D
Hreire8 P( 357774( $edagogy of the oppressed, ?
th
Edition( Ne0 B"r%: C"n!inuu.(
Garri"n8 P( 357174( -he $ermit that Never Expires/ 1igrant -ales =rom the *8ar5 @ills and the
1exican @ighlands. Tuc"n8 AT: Uni,eri!* "/ Ari?"na Pre(
Harri8 A( 319:L4( Syllable Structure and Stress in Spanish/ ( Nonlinear (nalysis. Ca.-ridge8
&A: The &IT Pre(
Ha*e8 D( 357794( &ntroductory $honology( 'e! Sue>8 U): 'i#e*$D#ac%0e##(
)rahen8 S( 319954( Sin%$"r$0i. 1ucce !"rie1 and -i#ingua# educa!i"n( In J( Cra0/"rd 3Ed(48
"anguage "oyalties/ ( Source <oo5 on the *fficial English ;ontroversy( Chicag":
Uni,eri!* "/ Chicag" Pre(
Leach8 J(8 & &""n8 D( 3577:4( -he $o9er of $edagogy( L"nd"n: SAGE(
1L
PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Lippi$Green8 R( 3199G4( English 9ith an (ccent/ "anguage, &deology, and >iscrimination in the
Anited States. L"nd"n: R"u!#edge(
L#"*d8 P( &( 319:G4( =rom "atin to Spanish( Phi#ade#phia8 PA: A.erican Phi#""phica# S"cie!*(
&a*8 S( 3577:B. "anguage and 1inority %ights/ Ethnicity, Nationalism and the $olitics of
"anguage. NB: R"u!#edge(
&u##er8 J( T( 3577:4( U and !he.( ;urrent8 ,7C8 9$16(
Pi%e8 )enne!h L( 196<( -he &ntonation of (merican English( Ann Ar-"r8 &I: Uni,eri!* "/
&ichigan Pre(
P"in!"n8 G(E( 319:74( I Spanih rea##* *##a-#e$!i.edV ournal of $honetics :, 59L$L76(
P"!"0%i8 )( 357174( @Language di,eri!* in !he USA: dipe##ing c".."n .*!h and
apprecia!ing ad,an!age(A In "anguage >iversity in the AS(( )i. P"!"0%i 3Ed(4( Ne0
B"r%: Ca.-ridge Uni,eri!* Pre(
Pra?nia%8 R(8 & Dir#i%8 A( 357714( $laces and $olitics in (n (ge of Dlobali8ation( Lanha.8 &D:
R"0.an & Li!!#e/ie#d Pu-#iher(
Purce##$Ga!e8 R(8 & 'a!er.an8 R( 357774( No9 4e %ead, 4e See, 4e Spea5/ $ortrait of "literacy >evelopment in
an (dult =reirean-<ased ;lass( &ah0ah8 N(J: L( Er#-au. A"cia!e8 Pu-#iher(
Purce##$Ga!e8 R( 3577G4( ;ultural $ractices of "iteracy/ ;ase Studies of language, "iteracy, Social $ractice, and
$o9er. &ah0ah8 NJ: La0rence Er#-au. A"cia!e(
San!a8 A( +( 357754( <ro9n -ide %ising/ 1etaphors of "atinos in ;ontemporary (merican
$ublic >iscourse. Au!in8 TX: Uni,eri!* "/ Te>a Pre(
Sh"r8 I( 319954( Empo9ering Education/ ;ritical -eaching for Social ;hange( Chicag": Uni,eri!* "/ Chicag"
Pre(
S!"c%0e##8 R( P(8 & D"0en8 J( D( 319;<4( -he Sounds of English and Spanish. Chicag":
Uni,eri!* "/ Chicag" Pre(
16
PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Ta*#"r8 D( 319914( N"n$na!i,e pea%er and !he rh*!h. "/ Eng#ih( In A( Dr"0n 3Ed(4 pp( 5L<$
566( -eaching English $ronunciation/ ( <oo5 of %eadings( L"nd"n: L"ng.an(
Te8 L( 357714( @4hy donEt they learn English0/ Separating =act =rom =allacy in the A.S.
"anguage >ebate. NB: Teacher C"##ege Pre(
Ra#dQ8 G( 357114( E!hn"#ingui!ic iden!i!* The cha##enge "/ .ain!aining Spanih$Eng#ih
-i#ingua#i. in A.erican ch""#( In P"!"0%i8 )(8 & R"!h.an8 J( 3Ed(4( <ilingual youth/ Spanish
in English-spea5ing societies( A.!erda.: J"hn Denja.in Pu-( C".pan*(
'hi!#e*8 &(S( F5775B. Spanish'English contrasts/ ( course in Spanish linguistics. F6nd ed.B.
'ahing!"n8 DC: Ge"rge!"0n Uni,eri!* Pre.
Ta,a#a8 L( 319:74( ourney to the Anited States of North (merica. Au!in8 TX: Sh"a# Cree%
Pu-#iher(
Ten!e##a8 A(C( 3199G4( La!in" *"u!h a! h".e8 in !heir c"..uni!ie8 and in ch""#( Education G
Arban Society, +7FCB, 155(
Ten!e##a8 A( C( 3199G4( Dro9ing Ap <ilingual/ $uerto %ican ;hildren in Ne9 Hor5( &a#den8
&A: D#ac%0e## Pu-#iher(
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1<
PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
@i p"diera penar en epaY"# e ing#Q p"dZa er
-i#ing[e(A &aria 11 *ear$"#d -i#ingua#( 3
ETHN+LINGUISTIC IDENTITB:
THE CHALLENGE +H &AINTAINING SPANISH$ENGLISH
DILINGUALIS& IN A&ERICAN SCH++LS
Guada#upe Ra#dQ
R""e,e#!8 The"d"re8 4or5s8 &e."ria# ed(8 ,"#( XXIR( Ne0 B"r%: Char#e Scri-ner\
S"n8195;( <<6( Prin!(
P"!"0%i dicue !he #ingui!ic c"un!er/"rce !" US ."n"#ingui!ic hege."n* and !he
increaing p"#e.ic "/ 0he!her i..igra!i"n i da.aging A.erican pa!ri"!ici. and na!i"na#
pride( P"0!"0%i .a%e Fuic% 0"r% "/ !he prejudicia# .*!h !ha! ha,e /"unded !hi
e!hn"cen!rici.( C"n!rar* !" !hi p"pu#ar p"#e.ic8 he a*8 !he cu#!ura# .*!h !ha!: 14 T"da*C
i..igran! are n"! #earning Eng#ih a /a! a !h"e in !he pa!8 54 Language di,eri!* in !hi
c"un!r* i a recen! pr"-#e. caued -* high #e,e# "/ i..igra!i"n and L4 A.erica i a! ri%
-ecaue a#!erna!i,e #anguage !hrea!en na!i"na# ecuri!*A 3
Eng#ih$+n#* a a Li!.u !e! "/ A.erican Ci!i?enhip:
In 197G8 US Preiden! The"d"re R""e,e#! 0r"!e8 1'e ha,e r"". /"r -u! "ne #anguage in !hi
c"un!r*8 and !ha! i !he Eng#ih #anguage8 /"r 0e in!end !" ee !ha! !he cruci-#e !urn "ur pe"p#e
"u! a A.erican8 "/ A.erican na!i"na#i!*8 and n"! a d0e##er in a p"#*g#"! -"arding h"ue1
3R""e,e#!8 <<64(
N"! urpriing#*8 !hi !a!e.en! 0a .ade -* Preiden! @Tedd*A R""e,e#!8 0h" a a Har,ard
gradua!e -eca.e !he *"unge! .e.-er "/ !he Ne0 B"r% #egi#a!i,e a! 568 0h" reigned a
1;
PRIDE & PREJUDICE: SPANISH ACCENTS IN ENGLISH
Ai!an! Secre!ar* "/ !he Na,* !" -ec".e a @r"ugh rider8A in !he Spanih$A.erican 'ar8 and
0h" a/!er -ec".ing Preiden! in 19718 #ed !he c"n!ruc!i"n "/ !he Pana.a Cana#8 /"unded !he US
H"re! Ser,ice8 0"n !he ad"p!i"n "/ !he Drg" D"c!rine 0hich pre,en!ed !he ue "/ /"rce in
c"##ec!ing /"reign de-!8
Contact Information
Joshua Fishman. Since attaining Emeritus University Research Professor standing (in
19!" I am most easi#y and re#ia$#y reached via my home and emai# address.
%snai#mai#%& '(1( )enry )udson Par*+ay" ,-./" Riverda#e" /0 112('.
emai#& 3oshuaafishman4ao#.com
@DaFue 0ere rea##* ridicu#ed a n"! -eing /u##* hu.an8 ani.a#i!ic(A J"hua Hih.an
1G