LewisHineandthe

NCLC:ViewingChild
RightsThroughA
DifferentLens

AllisonCramerandCedarThomas
SeniorDivision
GroupWebsite

Audiovisual
PrimaryAudiovisualSources:

BabiesinTheMill.Perf.DorseyDixon.1960.CD.DorseyDixonsingsofexperiencesofchildlabor
andchildrenbeingunlearned.Thiswasagoodsongtounderstandtheconditionsand
emphasizesomeofthekeypointsoftheNCLCandLewisHine.

Hine,LewisW.BoyWantedSign.West19[th]Street.Location:NewYork,NewYork(State).
Mar.1916.Photograph.NationalChildLaborCommitteeCollection.LOT7483,v.2,no.
4095[P&P]LCH54095.ThisphotoswastakenbyLewisHineanditshowedasignthe
wascallingforsmallboystoapplyforjobsinafactory.Thisillustratestheextentofchild
laboraroundthistimeandexactlywhatLewisHinewastryingtofix.

.Printedpageoftext:WhatSomeChildrenHaveDonetoHelptheChildrenWhoWork.
1913.Illustration.NationalChildLaborCommitteeCollection.LOT7483,v.2,no.3541
[P&P].ThisisanillustrationphotographedbyLewisHineshowswhatchildrendidtosupport
theNCLC.ItshowshowfarandhowmanypeopletheNCLCreachedwhiletheywere
workingtoendchildlabor.

Hine,LewisWickes.AccidentcasesatUnionHospitalOscarMatoon14years72OmanSt.
Handcaughtintwister.JohnHealy14years967MiddleSt.,cutfinger.Location:Fall
River,Massachusetts.22June1916.Photograph.NationalChildLaborCommittee
Collection.Lib.ofCong.LOT7483,v.2,no.4320[P&P].LewisHineshowshowdangerous
childlaborwasinthisphotobydepictingtwoyoungboysoutsideahospitalwithhandinjuries.

.#81.TypicalNightSceneInanIndianaGlassWorks.Location:Indiana.Aug.1908.
Photograph.Lib.ofCong.0081.Thisphotographshowsboysinaglassfactoryandshowsthe
roughworkingconditionsthatwerecommonintheearly1900s.

.Exhibitpanel.1913.Illustration.NationalChildLaborCommitteeCollection.Lib.ofCong.LOT
7483,v.2,no.3754[P&P]LCH53754.ThisexhibitpanelcreatedbyHineandusedbythe
NationalChildLaborCommitteedepictsstoriesofjuveniledelinquencylinkedbacktochild
laborandtheirlackofschooling.

.IndustrySavesatSocietysExpense.1913.Photograph.NationalChildLaborCommittee
Collection.Lib.ofCong.LCDIGnclc04937.Thisisanexhibitboardproducedbythe
NCLCandLewisHinethatwefoundontheLibraryofCongress,NationalChildLabor
Committeearchive.WeusedthisphotographicprintonourwebsitetoshowhowtheNCLC
believedthatbothsocietyandthechildsuffersbecauseofchildlabor.

.Isidor,8yearsold(onleft)andJoe,10yearsold(onright)selluntil9P.M.everynight,and
earn75centsand35centsaweek,respectively.Location:JerseyCity,NewJersey.Nov.
1912.Photograph.NationalChildLaborCommitteeCollection.Lib.ofCong.LOT7480,v.3,
no.3221[P&P].Inthisphototherearetwoverysmallboys,ages8and10,thoughthey
appearasiftheycouldbeyounger.Theyareshownsellingnewspapersonthestreet,showing
oneofthemanyjobschildrenoccupied.

.LackofEducation:TheViciousCycle.1913.Photograph.NationalChildLaborCommittee
Collection.Lib.ofCong.LCDIGnclc04936.Weusedthisphotographicprintonourwebsite
toillustratetheemphasisthattheNCLCputonhowchildlaborcanleadtoanadultlifeof
crime.ItisanexhibitboardmadebytheNCLCusingHinesphotographsanditcallsforthe
endofchildlabor,sothatchildrencanhaveaccesstoaqualityeducation.

.LunchTime,EconomyGlassWorks,Morgantown,W.Va.Plentymorelikethis,inside.
Location:Morgantown,WestVirginia.Oct.1908.Photograph.Lib.ofCong.0153.This
photographshowstheyoungageofthechildrenandtheareaswheretheyworked.

.NightshiftatGlassWorks,Grafton,W.Va.11:30P.M.Goingtoworkafter1hourrecess.
(seelabelon#162.)Location:Grafton,WestVirginia.Sept.1908.Photograph.National
ChildLaborCommitteeCollection.Lib.ofCong.LOT7478,no.0160[P&P].Thisphoto
depictsagroupofmostlyyoungchildrenworkinginamine.ThisisoneofLewisHinesphotos
ofchildrenintheirworkenvironmentthatreallyhelpedthepublicputapicturetotheharsh
conditions.

.PhotographofexhibitatthePanamaPacificInternationalExposition.Location:San
Francisco,California.1915.Photograph.NationalChildLaborCommitteeCollection.Lib.of
Cong.LCH54098[P&P].TheexhibitsetupbytheNationalChildLaborCommitteeshown
inthisphotodisplaysLewisHinesworkandusesittosupporttheirargumentthatchildlabor
shouldbeabolished.

.SpinnerinVivianCottonMills,Cherryville,N.C.:Beenatit2years.Wherewillhergood
looksbeintenyears?Nov.1908.Photograph.WorldDigitalLibrary.Thisphotographisa
goodprimarysourcetoshowanexampleofthephotographythatwasproducedbyLewis
Hine.

.YoungDoffersintheElkCottonMills,Fayetteville,Tennessee.1910.Photograph.The
JewishMuseum,NewYork.ThisshowsagoodexampleofthephotographsthatLewisHine
tookwhenworkingtoshowtheworkingconditions,especiallyforchildren.

Hine,LewisWickes.PortraitofLewisHine.1930.Photograph.GeorgeEastmanHouse.Rochester.
ThisphotodepictsLewisHineandgivesusavisualofwhathelookedlike.

Stalcup,Lloyd.TheCottonPickersSong.LibraryofCongress.LibofCong,1940.Web.19May
2014.LloydStalcupwasafourteenyearoldboywhoworkedasacottonpickerandinthis
songhetalksabouthavingverylittlemoneyandtravelingaroundforwork.

SecondaryAudiovisualSources:

Fillingintheblanksofhistoricchildlaborphotos.CBSNews.CBS.25Sept.2012.Television.CBS
NewsdidaspecialonJosephManningandhisworkwithLewisHinesphotos.Thisintroduced
ustoManningsworkandsomekeyinformationaboutchildlabor.

KenLight:OnPhotographerLewisHineandChildLaborPhotoWingsInterview.
PhotoWings.N.p.,25May2012.Web.19May2014.KenLightisaprofessoratUof
California,BerkeleyandinthisvideocliphetalksabouttheimpactLewisHinehad,alongwith
howheworkedwiththeNationalChildLaborCommitteetobringaboutchange.

Rosenblum,Nina,dir.AmericaandLewisHine.ScreenplaybyDanielV.Allentuck,LaurieBlock,
andJohnCrowley.Narr.JohnCrowleyandJasonRobards.PBS,1984.Film.This
documentarymadebyNinaRosenblumwasveryhelpfulingivinganoutlineofLewisHineslife.
WewereabletocommunicatewithNinaRosenblumandhermothertogetinformationand
permissiontouseaclipoftheirdocumentaryonourwebsite.

Interviews
PrimaryInterviews:

Manning,Joseph.Telephoneinterview.13May2014.JosephManningworkedwithgenealogytotrack
downdescendantsofthesubjectsofLewisHinesphoto.Hetoldusabouthisinspirationfor
theworkhedoes,andheexplainedwhyLewisHineisimportantinmanyways.Hiswork
helpedoutagreatdealwithourwebsitebecausehehassomanypersonalstoriesthathehas
researched.

Newman,Jeffrey.Telephoneinterview.May2014.JeffreyNewmaniscurrentlythePresidentand
ExecutiveDirectoroftheNationalChildLaborCommittee.Inourinterviewwithhim,he
explainedthebenefitofLewisHinejoiningtheNationalChildLaborCommittee,aswellas
whattheNationalChildLaborCommitteeisdoingnow.Hisinterviewwashelpfulin
understandingtheimpactoftheNCLC.

Rosenblum,Naomi.Telephoneinterview.16May2014.NaomiRosenblumworkedwithexhibitsabout
LewisHineandherhusband,WalterRosenblum,workedwithLewisHinepersonally.Shegave
toldusaboutbookstocheckouttolearnmoreaboutLewisHineandshealsohelpedus
understandthesignificanceofLewisHine.

Periodicals
PrimaryPeriodicalSources:

TheAdairCountynews.[Columbia]28Jan.1914.Print.Thisarticleisaboutanewlawbeing
introducedinKentuckyregardingchildlabor,whichhelpswiththeunderstandingoftheimpact
oftheNationalChildLaborCommitteeacrossthecountry.

AppointmentofWomen.MissAddams,Mrs.KelleyandMissWaldonChildLaborCommittee.
NewYorktribune21July1904:n.pag.Print.InthisarticlebytheNewYorktribune,
membersoftheNationalChildLaborCommitteediscusstheirplansforthefuture.Thegeneral
secretary,Mr.Lindsaystatestheirwantforinvestigationstoevaluatetheimpactofhardlabor
onchildren.

BigBattleforNewChildLaborLawabouttoBegin.TheDaybook.[Chicago]1Mar.1915,Noon
ed.:n.pag.Print.ThisarticleisabouttheNationalChildLaborCommitteebackingtheIllinois
committeeintheirbattletopasslegislationagainstchildlabor.Itshowstheinvolvementof
NCLCinlocalmattersaroundthecountry.

ChildLaborCommittee.ThePaducaheveningsun[Paducah,Ky.]24Mar.1908:3.Print.This
articleisaboutthefourthannualNationalChildLaborCommitteemeetingandwhythe
committeewascreated.Itisaninsightintothethoughtsandreasonsbehindtheformationofthe
committee.

ChildLaborCommittee.ANationalOrganizationHasBeenFormedinNewYork.Theevening
bulletin[Maysville,KY]21July1904:n.pag.Print.Theeveningbulletinoutlinestheformation
oftheNCLCinthisarticle,statingthemissionandsomeoftheplansofthecommittee,as
showninquotesformthegeneralsecretary,SamuelLindsay.

ChildLaborDay.SuggestionForNationalProtestAgainstAbuseofChildren.Thelaborjournal.
[Everett]19Jan.1912:n.pag.Print.Thisarticleshowssupportforendingchildlaborby
reportingthatNewYorkmadenamedadaychildlaborday.

ChildLaborinNorthDakota.Willistongraphic.5Nov.1908:n.pag.Print.Thisarticleisabout
establishingacommitteeinNorthDakota,showingtheexpansionofthechildlabormovement
aroundtheUnitedStates.

ChildWelfareReportsSoontoBeAnnounced.Thepublicledger.11Nov.1919,Afternooned.:n.
pag.Print.Thearticleistalkingaboutwelfarereportsbeingreleasedsoonregardingtheworking
conditions.

Thecitizen.[Berea]1Mar.1917.Print.ThisarticleisabouthowKentuckyneedsalotofmoneyin
ordertoenforcechildlaborlaws.Thisshowstheneedforfurtherfundingandmoreawareness
aboutchildlaborinordertogetlegislationandappropriateenforcementofthenecessarylaws.

TheDaybook.[Chicago]2Jan.1912.Print.Thisisapoliticalcartoonthatshowshowthecountrywas
reactingatthistime.Thepresenceofthiscartooncontinuestheeffortstoraiseawarenessfor
childlabor.

EveningServicesinTheChurches.TheWashingtontimes3Jan.1915,SundayEveninged.:8.Print.
ThissectionofthenewspapershowsthatLewisHineisgivingspeechesaroundthecountry,in
manydifferentvenuestotalkaboutchildlabor.ThiscanbefoundintheTurningPointssection
becauseitshowstheworkLewisHineisdoinginsupportofandalongwithTheNationalChild
LaborCommittee.

FootingtheBillforChildLabor.WillmarTribune15July1914:n.pag.Print.Thisnewspaperarticle
showstheworkLewisHineandtheNCLCaredoingtogetherbecauseittalksaboutanexhibit
theNCLCisputtingonfeaturingLewisHineswork.ThiscanbefoundintheTurningPoints
sectionbecauseithighlightsthepartnershipbetweenthetwo.

GivetheChildaChance.TenThousandMembersWantedbyNationalChildLaborCommittee.
Willmartribune.1July1914:n.pag.Print.ThisarticleisabouttheNCLCandhowtheyare
lookingformoremembers.

TheIntermountainCatholic[SaltLakeCity,Utah]3Sept.1904.Print.TheformationoftheNational
ChildLaborCommitteeisdocumentedinthisarticle.Itshowsthesupportfromwellknow
peopleandintroducesthecommittee.

Kober,GeorgeM.ThePhysicalandPhysiologicalEffectsofChildLabor.AnnalsoftheAmerican
AcademyofPoliticalandSocialScience27(1906):2730.JSTOR.Web.15Dec.2013.
Thisarticlewasagoodsourcebecauseitshowedhowthenorthernupperclassesfeltabout
childlaborintheearly1900s.

MessengerServiceaCrimeFactory.Bismarckdailytribune27Aug.1915:n.pag.Print.This
articleshowsLewisHinesopinionsonmessengerboysanditnameshimaninvestigatorforthe
NCLC.ThisisintheTurningPointssectionbecauseitshowsLewisHinestitleintheNCLC
andhowtheyworkedtogether,aswellashowthistitlegaveLewisHinetheabilitytovoicehis
opinionstothepublic.

Meyer,Carl.Woman,labeledThestateleadingchildrenawayfromafactoryandtowardschool.
Cartoon.NationalChildLaborCommitteeCollection(1914):n.pag.Print.Thisisacartoon
byCarlMeyerandusedbytheNationalChildLaborCommittee.ItdepictsoneoftheNCLCs
maingoals,whichwastogetchildrenoutofthefactoriesandintotheschools.

Richards,FrederickT.Emaciatedchildlaborerspullingchariotofrich,monstrouschildlabor
exploiter.Cartoon.TheNorthAmerican[Philadelphia]1913:n.pag.Print.Showschildlabor
exploitersridingaroundonachariotdrawnbychildren.Illustratescommonopinionsheldby
peopleinthenorthoftheUSearlyinthe1900s.

SonstebyLosesStrongFightAgainstChildLabor14YearsTheLimit.TheDaybook.[Chicago]
30Oct.1913:n.pag.Print.Thisarticleisaboutaschoolsboardmemberwhoarguedagainst
childrenworkingattheschool,buthewasoverruledandchildren14andupwhereallowedto
workasjanitors.

WillProtectChildLaborers.TheSaintPaulglobe23Apr.1904:n.pag.Print.TheSaintPaulglobe
wroteaboutthebeginningsoftheNationalChildLaborCommittee,givingaquote,which
showstheirmission.ThisarticlewasagreatprimarysourcefortheformationoftheNational
ChildLaborCommitteeandweuseditontheNCLCformspageunderBuildUpsopeople
couldgetasenseofthebackgroundoftheNCLC.

WisconsinConsumersLeague.Palestinedailyherald3Feb.1910:n.pag.Print.Thisnewspaper
articleprovidedinformationaboutLewisHineandwhathewasdoingaroundthecountry.This
articlewasusedinourTurningPointssectiontoshowhowtheNCLCandLewisHinewere
workingtogether.

SecondaryPeriodicalSources:
Berger,Joseph.Minimumageandaminimumwage:seventyfiveyearsago,Congresspassedthe
nationsmostimportantlegislationdealingwithworkersrights.Scholastic7Oct.2013:n.
pag.GalePowerSearch.Web.15Dec.2013.Thisarticlegivesgoodinformationaboutthe
FairLaborStandardsActanditsimpact.

Busch,Frederick,etal.LewisHine.ThreepennyReviewWinter2000:n.pag.JSTOR.Web.15
Dec.2013.ThisarticletalkedabouttheinfluenceLewisHinehadontheabolitionofchildlabor
andthewayhechosetophotographsubjectssothathecouldportraywhathewantedto.

Grossman,Jonathan.FairLaborStandardsActof1938:MaximumStruggleforaMinimumWage.
MonthlyLaborReview(1978):n.pag.U.S.DepartmentofLabor.Web.15Dec.2013.
ThisarticleprovidesalotofusefulbackgroundoftheFairLaborStandardsActandhowitwas
writtenandpassed.

Legalsources
PrimaryLegalsources:

TheFairLaborStandardsActof1938.29USC.U.S.DepartmentofLabor.Web.15Dec.2013.
ReadingtheoriginalFairLaborStandardsActwasusefulinunderstandingwhattheactdidand
whattheyweretryingtoachievewithit.

Nonperiodicals
PrimaryNonperiodicalSources:

McKelway,AlexanderJeffrey.ChildLaborintheCarolinas:AccountofInvestigationsMadein
theCottonMillsofNorthandSouthCarolina,byRev.A.E.Seddon,A.H.Ulmand
LewisW.Hine,UndertheDirectionoftheSouthernOfficeoftheNationalChildLabor
Committee.NewYork:NationalChildLaborCommittee,1909.DocumentingtheAmerican
South.Web.15Dec.2013.ProvidedanindepthlookatthesortofworkLewisHinedidfor
theNationalChildLaborCommittee.WasalsofulloflotsofpicturestakenbyLewisHine.

SecondaryNonperiodicalSources:

ElectronicEncyclopedia.6thed.N.p.:n.p.,n.d.ColumbiaElectronicEncyclopedia.Web.24Nov.
2013.ThisencyclopediagivesagoodoverviewofLewisWickesHine.

Trattner,WalterI.CrusadefortheChildren:AHistoryoftheNationalChildLaborCommittee
andChildLaborReforminAmerica.Chicago:Quadrangle,1970.Print.Thisbookgivesa
goodlayoutoftheeventsaroundthistimethathavetodowithchildlabor,ithasvaluable
informationthathastodowithallsectionsinourwebsite.

Websites,esources
PrimaryWebsites,esources:

Browning,ElizabethBarrett.TheCryoftheChildren.PoetryFoundations.PoetryFoundation,n.d.
Web.19May2014.ElizabethBrowningwrotethispoemin1844thattalksabouttheplightof
childlaborers.Itshowshowpeoplewereslowlybecomingawareofthedevastatingconditions
ofchildlabor,leadingthetheformationoftheNationalChildLaborCommittee.

SecondaryWebsites,esources:

AboutUs.AboutNCLC.NationalChildLaborCommittee,n.d.Web.14Dec.2013.Thiswebsite
givesgoodinformationabouttheNationalChildLaborCommittee.Ittalksaboutthehistoryof
theNCLC,whichhelpedwiththewritingandbasisoftheNCLCFormspage,aswellasthe
HineJoinsNCLCpage.

Businesses&ElementarySchoolsWorkingTogether.KAPOW.NationalChildLaborCommittee,
n.d.Web.15Dec.2013.ThiswebsitehasgoodinformationontheprogramsthattheNCLC
hasnow.ItgivesgoodinformationonhowtheNCLCishelpingthecountrynow.

ChildLaborinU.S.History.ChildLaborEducationProject.UofIowaLaborCenter,n.d.Web.
19May2014.UniversityofIowagivesagoodtimelineonthispagetolayoutthehistoryof
childlaborintheU.S.Thiswasveryhelpfulinthecreationofourowntimeline,aswellasin
settingupthewebsitelayout.

ChildLaborinU.S.History.ChildLaborPublicEducationProject.N.p.,n.d.Web.14Dec.
2013.ThiswebsiteprovidesatimelineofeventsintheU.S.thathadtodowithchildlaborlaws.

Goldberg,Vicki.THENEWSEASON/PHOTOGRAPHY:CRITICSCHOICEACareerThat
MovedFromMantoMachine.TheNewYorkTimes.NewYorkTimes,13Sept.1998.
Web.24Nov.2013.ThisarticlegivesalookbackonLewisHine,whichshowshowhiswork
isstillrelevanttoday.

LewisWickesHine.TheJPaulGettyMuseum.J.PaulGettyTrust,n.d.Web.24Nov.2013.This
websitegivesabriefsummaryofthelifeandworkofLewisWickesHine.

LewisWickesHineandtheLewisHineAwards.LewisHineAward.NationalChildLabor
Committee,2010.Web.14Dec.2013.ThisisawebsiteaboutanawardgivenoutinLewis
Hinesname.Itgivesgoodinformationabouthisbackgroundinformationandwhenhewas
workingwiththeNCLC.

Manning,JosephH.LewisHineProject.MorningsonMapleStreet.Ed.JosephH.Manning.
JosephH.Manning,n.d.Web.19May2014.JosephManningcurrentlyworkstofindthe
descendantsofthesubjectsofLewisHinesphotos.Thiswebsiteshowshisdiscoveriesthrough
storiesandinterviews.Thiswebsitehelpedusunderstandthechildrenworkersaswellas
provideuswithsomeonetointerview.

Rosenblum.N.p.,n.d.Web.19May2014.ThiswebsitegaveusinformationabouttheRosenblum
familywhoallparticipatedinactivitiesinvolvingresearchandworkwithLewisHine.Walter
RosenblummetLewisHineinthePhotoLeague,NinaRosenblummadeadocumentarytitled
AmericaandLewisHine,andNaomiRosenblumworkedwithWalteronanexhibitabout
LewisHine.

TimelineofChildLaborDevelopmentsintheUnitedStates.StopChildLabor.NationalConsumers
League,20Oct.2010.Web.19May2014.Thistimelinehelpedimmenselywithourown
timelineaswellasgivingusknowledgeofthestatusofchildlabornow.Thetimelineonthis
pagegoesfrom18322013,coveringmuchhelpfulinformation.

Troncale,AnthonyT.AboutLewisWickesHine.TheNewYorkPublicLibrary.NYPL,n.d.Web.
24Nov.2013.ThissecondarysourcegivesgoodbackgroundinformationonLewisHine.