5MEEP Topi c : ArrivalinSt.

Croixoftheworldsfirstfullsize,longrangehighspeedlineoffully
electriccommercial/fleetvehicles.

Dat e: 2February2011

Pr esent er : ArlenWheeler

Pr esent er s Busi ness or Or gani zat i on:
CaribbeanEngineeringAssociates,St.Croix,USVI
Over vi ew
My presentation this week is to announce the imminent arrival on St. Croix of two totally electric
vehiclesone,aquartertonpickuptruck;theother,asevenpassengerSUVbothwithasinglecharge
range of 200+ miles at a speed of 75 miles per hour. My 20 year old St. Croix company, Caribbean
Engineering Associates Inc., has been named as exclusive distributor throughout the entire Caribbean
for the EMC EV family, which also includes a fullsize cargo van for commercial applications. For more
information, visit the website of the continental US assembler/distributor at
www.electricmobilecars.com , which is still under construction; the technical specifications for the
Caribbeanareidentical,butthepricesquotedarenotnecessarilyapplicablehere.

Li nk s or r esour c es:
www.electricmobilecars.com
DOE/PacificNorthwestNationalLaboratory13October2010
www.eaglepicher.com/content/view/36/70

Summar y of Busi ness Ser vi c es Of f er ed:

Consultingengineering;realestateappraisal;netmeteringfacilitiesdesign;constructionmanagement;
EMCElectricVehicleAssembler/DistributorfortheCaribbeanfromCubatoTrinidad.

Fi l e Name: EDINPresentation2211.docx
Whatmakesthesevehiclesunique,andsuperiortoallothersonthemarket,isthatthepowersupplyfor
all models is identical, consisting of a single, highcapacity, flat (or planar) sodiumnickel chloride
battery, making it a viable alternative to lithiumion batteries for storing wind and solar power on the
electrical grid. According to research by the Dept. of Energys Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
these batteries could eventually be used in electricity substations to balance the generation and
deliveryofwindandsolarpowertothegrid.
Because the batterys main components include abundant materials such as alumina, sodium chloride,
and nickel, they are less expensive to manufacture than lithiumion batteries, and could still offer the
performance necessary to compete for consumer interest. In addition, compared to other battery
systems, sodiumbeta batteries are safer and can help incorporate renewable energy sources more
easilyintotheelectricalsystem.
This planar sodium battery technology shows potential as an option for integrating more solar and
wind power into our electric grid, said Carl Inhoff, electricity infrastructure sector manager at Pacific
NorthwestNationalLaboratory.
Sodiumbeta alumina batteries have been around since the 1960s, but their tubular, cylindrical shape
did not allow efficient discharge of stored electrochemical energy. This inefficiency caused technical
issuesassociatedwithoperatingathightemperatures,andraisedconcernaboutthecosteffectiveness
of the tubular batteries; however, the researchers found that a planar design allows for a thinner
cathode,andalargersurfaceareaforagivencellvolume.Becausetheionscanflowinalargerareaand
shorterpathway,theyexperiencelowerresistance.Next,thebatterysdesignincorporatesathinlayer
of solid electrolytes, which also lowers the resistance. Because of this decrease in resistance, the
battery can be operated at a lower temperature while maintaining a power output 30% more than a
similarsizedbatterywithacylindricaldesign.
Finally, the batterys flat components can easily be stacked in a way that produces a much more
compactbattery,makingitanattractiveoptionforlargescaleenergystorage,suchasontheelectrical
grid.
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and EaglePicher LLC received funding to conduct
thisresearchfromtheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyEnergy(ARPAE).

Annual Ener gy Cost Compar i son: Gasol i ne Vehi c l e vs El ec t r i c Vehi c l e

Assumptions: typical passenger vehicle, 10,000 miles per year in city conditions
20 miles per gallon or 12 miles per kilowatt

Gasoline:10,000miles/20mpg=500gallons Electric:10,000miles/12milesperkw=
833.33kw
Case1$3.00/gallon=$1,500 $0.35/kw=$291.67
Case2$4.00/gallon=$2,000 GeothermalPPA$0.18perkw=$150.00
including$0.04/kwWAPAoverhead&profit
Case3$5.00/gallon=$2,500 NetZero=0usingwindorPV