2012 AL - Combined Maths II-Model Answers New

- 1 -
Done By : Chandima Peiris (B.Sc - Special)

General Certificate of Education (Adv. Level) Examination, August 2012
Combined Mathematics II - Part B
Model Answers
11.
(a) A particle P is projected at a point O vertically upwards under the gravity with velocity u. After time
g
u
2
, another particle Q is projected at the point O vertically upwards under the gravity with velocity
v ( ) u > . Let A be the highest point that the particle P reaches. The particles P and Q meet at the point A.
Draw the velocity-time graphs for the complete motions of the particles P and Q in the same figure.
Using these velocity-time graphs show that
(i)
g
u
OA
2
2
= ,
(ii)
4
5u
v = and the velocity of the particle Q at the point A is
4
3u
.
(iii) when the particle Q reaches the highest point the height of the particle P from the point O, is
g
u
32
7
2

(b) A car of mass M kg is travelling on a level road against a resistance R of the motion which is a constant
at all speeds. If the maximum power of the engine is H kW and the car has a maximum speed of
-1
ms v
on a level road, find the resistance R in terms of M, H and v.
Find the acceleration of the car in terms of M, H, v, g and when it is moving
(i) at speed
1 -
ms
3
v
directly up,
(ii) at speed
1 -
ms
2
v
directly down
along a straight road inclined at an angle to the horizontal.
If the acceleration of the car in case (ii) is twice that in case (i), find sin in terms of M, H, v and g.
In this case find the maximum speed in terms of v that can be made by the car when moving directly up
the road.

Answer
(a)
g = tan

From the triangle BFG, From the triangle GHA,
J
K
Q
P
v
1
/

ms v
s t /
u
1
v
1
u
2
u
1
T
2
T
g
u
2
O
A
B
E
C D
H
F
G

- 2 -

g
u
u u
2
tan
1
=
1
1
tan
T
u
=
1
2
u u
g
u
g =
1
2
T
u
g =
2
1
u
u =
g
u
T
2
1
=
= OA Area of the triangle ABO

+ =
1
2 2
1
T
g
u
u

+ =
g
u
g
u u
2 2 2

g
u u
=
2

(i) = OA
g
u
2
2

From the triangle EDC,
1
1
tan
T
u v
=
) 1 (
2 2
1
= =
u
g
u
g v v
When the particles P and Q meet at the point A,
Area of ECAH = Area of the triangle ABO
( ) u
g
u
g
u
v v T
+ = +
2 2 2
1
2
1
1 1

( ) u
g
u
v v
g
u
= +
1
2

) 2 ( 2
1
= + u v v
) 1 (
2
1
=
u
v v
( ) ( ); 2 1 +
4
5
2
5
2
u
v
u
v = = ( ) ( ); 1 2
4
3
2
3
2
1 1
u
v
u
v = =
(ii)
4
5u
v =
Velocity of the particle Q at the point A
4
3u
=

- 3 -

From the triangle EHJ, From the triangle AJK,
2 1
tan
T T
v
+
=
2
2
tan
T
u
=
+
=
2
2
4
5
T
g
u
u
g
g
u
g u
4
3
2
=
u gT
g
u
g 5 4
2
2
= +
4
3
2
u
u =
u gT 3 4
2
=
g
u
T
4
3
2
=
The height of the particle P from O when Q reaches the highest point
2 2 1
2
1
2 2
1
T u
g
u
T u
+ =

=
g
u u
g
u
u
4
3
4
3
2
1

=
g
u
g
u
16
9
2
1
2 2

g
u
16
7
2
1
2
=
=
g
u
32
7
2

(b)

Let F is the tractive force of the car.
Power =Velocity Tractive force of the engine
F v H = 1000

v
H
F
1000
=
v
F
R
M
For A/L Combined Maths (Group/Individual) Classes 2013/ 2014
English and Sinhala Mediums

Contact :0772252158
P.C.P.Peiris
B.Sc (Maths Special)
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

- 4 -

Applying a m F = to the motion of the car,
( ) 0 M R F =
v
H
F R
1000
= =
R =
v
H 1000

Let
1
a - Acceleration of the car

1
F - Tractive force of the car,
when the car is move at speed
1 -
ms
3
v
directly up.

3
1000
1
v
F H =
v
H
F
3000
1
=
1 1
sin Ma Mg R F =
1
sin
1000 3000
Ma Mg
v
H
v
H
=
1
sin
2000
Ma Mg
v
H
=
(i) =
1
a sin
2000
g
Mv
H

Let
2
a - Acceleration of the car

2
F - Tractive force of the car,
when the car is move at speed
1 -
ms
2
v
directly down.

2
1000
2
v
F H =
v
H
F
2000
2
=
2 2
sin Ma R Mg F = +
2
1000
sin
2000
Ma
v
H
Mg
v
H
= +
2
sin
1000
Ma Mg
v
H
= +
R
1
F
Mg
1
a
3
v
R
2
F
2
a
2
v
Mg

- 5 -

(ii) =
2
a sin
1000
g
Mv
H
+

If
1 2
2a a = ,
sin 2
4000
sin
1000
g
Mv
H
g
Mv
H
= +
Mv
H
g
3000
sin 3 =
= sin
Mgv
H 1000

Let
1
v be the maximum speed of the car, when it move
directly up the road and
3
F is the tractive force of the car.
( ) 0 sin
3
M Mg R F =
sin
3
Mg R F + =

Mgv
H
Mg
v
H 1000 1000
+ =
=
3
F
v
H 2000

Power =
1 3
v F
1
2000
1000 v
v
H
H =
=
1
v
2
v

12.
(a) A particle is projected under the gravity in a vertical plane with a velocity u at an angle to the
horizontal, at a point C which is at a height k from O. Consider a rectangular Cartesian system of
coordinates by taking horizontal and vertical lines through the point O in the plane of projection as Ox
and Oy axes respectively. If at time t the particle is at the point ( ) y x, , show that
2
2
2
sec
tan
u
gx
x k y

+ = .
A particle P is projected under the gravity in the vertical plane at the point ( ) h A , 0 , where h is positive,
with a velocity v at an angle to the horizontal. At the same instant another particle Q is projected
under the gravity in the same vertical plane at the point
2
, 0
h
B with a velocity w at an angle ( ) > to
the horizontal. If the two particles P and Q meet at a point whose horizontal distance is d, show that
cos cos w v = and ( ) tan tan 2 = d h .
Show also, that the time taken for the two particles to meet is
( ) sin sin 2 v w
h
.

R
3
F
Mg
1
v

- 6 -

(b) One end of a light inextensible string is attached to a ceiling which is at a height of 3 metres from a
horizontal floor. The string passes under a smooth light movable pulley P to which a particle of mass m
is fixed and then over a smooth light pulley fixed to the ceiling. A particle Q of mass M ( ) m > is
attached to the other end of the string. When the movable pulley P and the particle Q are at heights
2
1
metres and 1 metres respectively from the floor and the portions of the string not in contact with pulleys
are vertical, the system is released from rest.
Find the acceleration of the particle Q and the tension in the string.
Show that the particle Q will reach the floor after time
( )g m M
m M
+
2
4
seconds and the pulley P will rise
to height
m M
M
+
+
4
3
2
1
metres from the floor.

Answer
(a)

Applying P C at ut s + =
2
1
2

t u x cos =
cos u
x
t =
Applying P C at ut s + =
2
1
2

2
2
sin t
g
t u k y =

2 2
2
cos 2 cos
sin
u
x g
x
u
u
k y + =
2
2 2
2
sec
tan
u
gx
x k y

+ = ( ) 1

u
cos u
sin u
( ) y x P ,
k
x
y
O
C

- 7 -

Let the particles P and Q meet at the
point ( ) y d K , , when time t =

Applying K
2
1
2
+ = A at ut s Applying K
2
1
2
+ = B at ut s
to the particle P to the particle Q

) 2 ( cos = t v d ) 3 ( cos = t w d
From (2) and (3); t w t v cos cos =
cos cos w v =

When v u = , = , h k = and d x = , from the equation (1);
) 4 (
2
sec
tan
2
2 2
+ =
v
gd
d h y

When w u = , = ,
2
h
k = and d x = , from the equation (1);
) 5 (
2
sec
tan
2
2
2 2
+ =
w
gd
d
h
y

( ) ); 5 ( 4 ( )

+ =

2 2 2 2
2
sec
1
sec
1
2
tan tan
2
0
v w
gd
d
h

( )

+ =

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
sec sec
sec sec
2
tan tan
2
0
w v
w v gd
d
h

Since sec sec w v = , 0 sec sec
2 2 2 2
= w v .
( ) tan tan
2
0 = d
h

( ) tan tan 2 = d h

From (2);
( ) tan tan cos 2 cos
= =
v
h
t
v
d
t
y
( ) y d K ,
O
v
( ) h A , 0
d
2
, 0
h
B

x
w
y
Q
P

- 8 -

cos
sin
cos
sin
cos 2v
h
t
cos
sin
cos
cos
sin
cos 2 v w
h
t ( ) cos cos w v =
= t
( ) sin sin 2 v w
h

(b)

Initial position General position

Let x be the distance to the particle Q from the fixed line and y be the distance to the movable pulley P
from that line.

Since the string is inextensible, l y x = + 2 , where l is a constant.
( ) 1 2 0 2 = = + y x y x & & & & & & & &

Applying a m F = to the motion of the particle Q,
( ) 2 = x M T Mg & &

Applying a m F = to the motion of the movable pulley P,
( ) 3 2 = y m mg T & &

( ) ( ); 2 2 3 + y m x M mg Mg & & & & = 2 2

=
2
2 2
x
m x M mg Mg
& &
& &
( )x m M mg Mg & & + = 4 2 4
= x& &
( )
( ) m M
g m M
+
4
2 2

P
Q
m
M
m 1
m
2
1
y
x
Q
Mg
mg
T
T
P
y& &
x& &

- 9 -

From (2);
( )
( ) m M
g m M M
Mg T
+
=
4
2 2
From (1);
( )
( ) m M
g m M
y
+
=
4
2
& &
( )

+
+ +
=
m M
Mm M Mm M
g T
4
2 4 4
2 2

( ) m M
Mmg
T
+
=
4
3

Acceleration of the particle Q =
( )
( ) m M
g m M
+
4
2 2

Tension of the string =
( ) m M
Mmg
+ 4
3

Let t be the time taken to the particle Q to reach horizontal floor.
Applying
2
2
1
at ut s + = to the particle Q
2
2
1
0 1 t x& & + =
x
t
& &
2
2
=
( )
( )g m M
m M
t
+
=
2 2
4 2
2

( )
( )g m M
m M
t
+
=
2
4
2

( )
( )g m M
m M
t
+
=
2
4

The particle Q reaches the floor after time
( )
( )g m M
m M
+
2
4
seconds.

Let h and v be the height from the initial position and the velocity of the movable pulley P when the
particle Q reaches the floor.
Applying
2
2
1
at ut s + = to the movable pulley P Applying as u v 2
2 2
+ = to the movable pulley P
( )
( )g m M
m M y
h
+
=
2
4
2
0
& &

2
1
2 0
2
= y v & &
( )
( )
( )
( ) 2
1
2
4
4
2
2
1
=
+
+
=
g m M
m M
m M
g m M
h
( )
( )
g
m M
m M
v
+
=
4
2
2

2
1
= h m

When the particle Q reaches the floor, the string becomes slack then the movable pulley P moves under
gravity until it attains its maximum height
1
h from the point where it above
+ h
2
1
metres from the
floor.

- 10 -

We have 0 = v ,
( )
( )
g
m M
m M
u
+
=
4
2
2
, g a = and
1
h s =
Applying as u v 2
2 2
+ = to the movable pulley P
( )
( )
1
2
4
2
0 gh g
m M
m M
=
( )
( ) m M
m M
h
+
=
4
2
2
1
1

Height to the movable pulley P from the floor
1
2
1
h h + + =

( )
( ) m M
m M
+
+ + =
4
2
2
1
2
1
2
1

+
+ +
+ =
m M
m M m M
4
2 4
2
1
2
1

+
+ =
m M
M
4
6
2
1
2
1

=
m M
M
+
+
4
3
2
1

13. A and B are two points on a smooth horizontal table at a distance 8l apart. A smooth particle P of mass m
lies at a point on AB in between the points A and B. The particle P is attached to the point A by a light elastic
string of natural length 3l and modulus of elasticity 4 and to the point B by a light elastic string of natural
length 2l and modulus of elasticity .
If the particle P is in equilibrium at a point C, show that l AC
11
42
= .
The particle P is held at the mid-point M of AB and then is released from rest. When the particle P is at a
distance x from the point A along AB, obtain the tension of the two strings.
Write down the equation of motion of the particle P for l x l 4
11
40
and show that, in the usual notation,
that 0
11
42
6
11
=
+ l x
ml
x

& & .
By writing l x y
11
42
= , show that 0
6
11
= + y
ml
y

& & .
Assuming that the solution of the above equation is of the form t B t A y sin cos + = , find the constants A,
B and .
Find the velocity of the particle P when it is at a point, distance l
11
41
from the point.


Contact :0772252158
P.C.P.Peiris

- 11 -

Answer

Equilibrium position

Let a and b are the extensions of the strings AC and BC respectively.
Let
1
T and
2
T are the tensions of the strings AC and BC respectively.
Since the length l AB 8 = , ( ) 1 3 8 2 3 = + = + + + l b a l l b a l

From the Hooke's law,

l
a
T
3
4
1

=
l
b
T
2
2

=
When the particle is in the equilibrium at the point C,
l
b
l
a
T T
2 3
4
2 1

= =
2 3
4 b a
=
( ) 2 0 3 8 = b a
( ) ( ); 2 3 1 + l a 9 11 =

11
9l
a =
11
24l
b =
= AC
11
9
3 3
l
l a l + = +
= AC l
11
42

From the Hooke's law,

( )
l
l x
T
3
3 4
3

=

( )
l
l x l
T
2
2 8
4

=

( )
l
x l
T
2
6
4

=

Applying a m F = to the particle
x m T T & & =
3 4

( ) ( )
x m
l
l x
l
x l
& & =
3
3 4
2
6

( ) x m l x x l
l
& & = + 24 8 3 18
6

A
B
C
l 8
1
T
2
T
l 2
l 3
a
b
C
A
B
M
A
B
3
T
4
T
x

- 12 -

( ) x l
l
x m 11 42
6
=

& &
0
11
42
6
11
=
+ l x
l
x m

& &
0
11
42
6
11
=
+ l x
ml
x

& &

Let x y l x y & & & & = =
11
42

0
6
11
= + y
ml
y

& &
This is of the form 0
2
= + y y & & . Therefore the particle executes simple harmonic motion with
ml 6
11
=
and the centre given by l x y
11
42
0 = =
Let O be the centre of the above SHM, l AO
11
42
= .
Since the particle is released from M, where l AM 4 = , at l x 4 = the velocity of the particle is zero.
If p is the amplitude of this motion, l p l l p AO AM p
11
2
11
42
4 = = = .
Velocity v of the particle is given by ( )
2 2 2 2
y p v = , where l p
11
2
= .
When l x
11
41
= ,
11 11
42
11
41 l
l l y = =
Velocity of the particle P when it is at a point, distance l
11
41
from A

=
2 2
11 11
2 l l

121
3
6
11
2
l
ml
=

121 6
3 11
2
=
ml
l

=
m
l
22

Let us assume that the solutions of the equation 0
6
11
= + y
ml
y

& & is of the form t B t A y sin cos + = , where A
and B are constants and
ml 6
11
= .
t B t A y sin cos + =
Differentiating with respect to t
t B t A y cos sin + = &
Since the particle is released from rest, when 0 = t , 0 = y& .
( ) ( ) 0 cos 0 sin 0 B A + =

- 13 -

0 = B
= B 0 ( ) 0 Q
t A y cos =
When 0 = t , l x 4 = . i.e. l l l y
11
2
11
42
4 = =
( ) 0 cos
11
2
A l =
= A
11
2l

=
ml 6
11

Therefore the values of the constants are
11
2l
A = , 0 = B and
ml 6
11
= .

14.
(a) Let A and B be two distinct points not collinear with a point O. Let the position vectors of the points A
and B with respect to the point O be a and b respectively. If D is the point on AB such that DA BD 2 = ,
show that the position vector of the point D with respect to the point O is ( ) b a + 2
3
1
.
If a k BC =
, ( ) 1 > k and the point O, D and C are collinear, find the value of k and the ratio DC OD: .
Express
AC in terms of a and b.
Further, if the line through the point O parallel to AC meets AB at E, show that AB DE = 6 .

(b) The coordinates of the points A, B and C with respect to a rectangular Cartesian axes Ox and Oy, are
( ) 0 , 3 , ( ) 1 , 0 and
1 ,
3
3 2
respectively. Forces of magnitude 6P, 4P, 2P and P 3 2 newtons act along
OA, BC, CA and BO respectively in the directions indicated by the order of the letters. Find the
magnitude and the direction of the resultant of these forces.
Find the position at which the line of action of the resultant cuts the y-axis.
Hence, find the equation of the line of action of the resultant.

Another force of magnitude P 3 6 newtons is introduced to the system along AB in the direction
indicated by the order of the letters. Show that the system is reduced to a couple of magnitude P 10
newton metre.

Answer
(a)
1 : 2 : 2 = = DA BD DA BD

2
O
x
y
B
D
A
1
b
a

- 14 -

a OA =
, b OB =

+ = OB AO AB
a b =
Since AB AD
3
1
= and A, D and B are collinear i.e.

= AB AD
3
1

( ) a b AD =
3
1

+ = AD OA OD
( ) a b a + =
3
1

3
3 a b a +
=
=

OD ( ) b a + 2
3
1

The position vector of the point D with respect to the point O ( ) b a + = 2
3
1

Let a k BC =
( ) 1 > k
b a k OC BC OB OC + = + =

( ) b a OD + =
2
3
1

Since O, D and C are collinear,

= OD OC , where .
( ) b a b a k + = + 2
3

0
3
1
3
2
=
b a k

0
3
2
=

k and 0
3
1 =

3
2
= k and 3 =
2 = k and 3 =
= k 2

Since 2 = k , b a OC + =
2 .

+ = OC DO DC
( ) b a b a + + + = 2 2
3
1

3
3 6 2 b a b a + +
=

- 15 -

3
2 4 b a +
=
( ) b a + = 2
3
2

= OD DC 2
OD DC 2 =
2 : 1 : = DC OD

+ = OC AO AC
b a a AC + + =

2
b a AC + =

Since ,

= AC OE where is a constant.
( ) b a OE + =

+ = OE AO AE
b a a AE + + =

+ = OD AO AD
( )
3
2
3
1 a b
b a a AD

= + + =

Since A, D and E are collinear

= AE AD , where .
( ) b a a
a b
+ + =
3

0
3
1
3
1
=
a b
0
3
1
= and 0
3
1
=
O
b
a
D
E
b a +
C
B
y
x
A
AC OE

- 16 -

3
1
= and 0
3
1
3
1
=
3
1
= and
3
2
=
3
1
3
2
=

and
3
2
=
2
1
= and
3
2
=
( ) b a OE + =

2
1

( ) ( ) b a b a OE DO DE + + + = + =

2
1
2
3
1

( ) b a b a DE 3 3 2 4
6
1
+ + =

( ) a b DE =

6
1

= AB DE
6
1

AB DE
6
1
= (QA, B, E and D are collinear)
DE AB 6 =

(b)
Let R be the resultant of the system of forces and
it makes an angle with the horizontal.
3
1
2 3
2
tan =
=
= 30
3
1
tan =
= 30
3
2 3
3
3
2
3
1
tan =
=
= 60
Resolving sin 2 cos 4 3 2 sin P P P R + =

2
3
2
2
3
4 3 2 + = P P P
( ) 1 3 3 sin = P R
R
( ) 0 , 3 A
B
C
3
2
P 6
P 3 2
P 4
( ) 1 , 0
1
P 2
O
1
( ) y P , 0

- 17 -

Resolving sin 4 cos 2 6 cos P P P R + + =

2
1
4
2
1
2 6 + + = P P P
( ) 2 9 cos = P R
( ) ( ) ; 2 1
2 2
+ ( ) 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= + = P R P R
P R 3 6 =
( )
( )
;
2
1
3
1
9
3 3
tan = =
= 30

Magnitude of the resultant = P 3 6
Direction of the resultant = 30 with the horizontal

Let ( ) y P , 0 be the point of intersection of the line of action of the resultant and the y-axis.
Taking moments about O
( )
3
2
sin 2 1 cos 2 1 sin 4 90 sin = P P P y R
3
2
2
3
2 1
2
1
2 1
2
1
4 cos = P P P y R
P P P Py 2 2 9 =
1 9 = y
9
1
= y
The point at which the line of action of the resultant cuts the y-axis =

9
1
, 0

Let c mx y + = be the equation of the line of action of the resultant.
Here
3
1
30 tan tan = = = m and
9
1
= c .
The equation of the line of action of the resultant
9
1
3
1
= x y

O
P 3 6
( ) 0 , 3 A
B
C
3
2
P 6
P 3 2
P 4
( ) 1 , 0
1
P 2
O
1
30
60
30

- 18 -

P P P P P P P P X 9 2 6
2
3
3 6
2
1
2
2
1
4 6 + + = + + =

0 =

X
P P P P P P P P Y 3 3 3 3 2 3 2
2
1
3 6
2
3
2
2
3
4 3 2 + = + =
0 = Y

P P P P 9 2 2 =

Here 0 =
X , 0 = Y and , the system of forces is reduced to a couple.

Magnitude of the couple = P 10
Direction of the couple =Clockwise

15.
(a) Two equal uniform rods AB and AC each of weight W are freely jointed at A and the ends B and C are
connected by a light inextensible string. The rods are kept in equilibrium in a vertical plane with the
ends B and C are on two smooth planes each of which inclined at an angle to the horizontal; BC being
horizontal and A being above BC. Find the reaction at B.
If tan 2 tan > , where 2
= C A B , then show that the tension of the string is ( ) tan 2 tan

2
1
W .
Find the reaction at the joint A.

(b) Five light equal rods OA, OB, AC, AB and BC are smoothly jointed at their ends to form a framework as
shown in the figure.
The framework is smoothly hinged at O and carries
a weight 3 5 newtons at C. The framework is held
in a vertical plane, with OB horizontal by a horizontal
force P newtons at A.
(i) Find the value of P.
(ii) Find the magnitude and the direction of the
reaction at O.
(iii) Using Bow's notation, draw a stress diagram for the framework and find the stresses in all rods,
distinguishing between tensions and thrusts.

o
G
3
2
1
3 6
3
2
2
3
2 1
2
1
2 1
2
1
4 = P P P P
P 10 =
o
G
o
G
0
O
A C
B
N 3 5
P

- 19 -

Answer
(a)

Let length of the rod AB is 2a.

Taking moments about B for the rod BA
( ) 1 0 sin sin 2 cos 2 = + a W a Y a X
Taking moments about C for the rod AC
( ) 2 0 sin sin 2 cos 2 = + + a W a Y a X
( ) ( ); 2 1 + 0 0 sin 4 = = Y Ya ( ) ( ); 2 1 sin 2 cos 4 Wa Xa =
tan
2
W
X =
Resolving for the rod AB
W R
B
= cos
sec W R
b
=
Reaction at the point B = sec W

A
B C
c
R
B
R
X X
Y
Y
W W
T T

B

C

Contact :0772252158
P.C.P.Peiris

- 20 -

Resolving for the rod AB
X R T
B
= + sin
tan
2 cos
W W
T = +
( ) tan 2 tan
2
=
W
T
The tension in the string = ( ) tan 2 tan
2

W

Magnitude of the reaction at the joint A = tan
2
W

Direction of the reaction at the joint A =Horizontal direction
(b)

Since the frameworks is in equilibrium,
Resolving, ( ) 1 = P X Resolving , ( ) 2 3 5 = N Y
Taking moments about O
a a P 3 3 5 60 sin 2 = , where 2a is the length of the rod OA.
a a P 3 3 5
2
3
2 =
N P 15 =
(i) The value of P= N 15
Form (1); N X 15 =
(ii) Magnitude of the reaction at O =
2 2
Y X +
3 5 15
2 2
+ =
3 2 5
2 2
=
= N 3 10
O
X
O
A C
B
N 3 5
P
Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
60 60
60

- 21 -

Direction of the reaction at O
=

X
Y
1
tan

=

15
3 5
tan
1

=

3
1
tan
1

= 30 with the horizontal

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) N 10 5 3 5 6 2 5 4
2 2
= + = =
( ) ( ) N 10 6 5 =
( ) ( ) N 5 6 3 =
( ) ( ) N 10 5 2 =

Rod Magnitude Nature
OA 10N Thrust
OB 10N Thrust
AC 5N Tension
AB 10N Tension
BC 10N Thrust

5
2
6 4
1 3
=
30
60
60
60
30
3 5
15
5

Contact :0772252158
P.C.P.Peiris

- 22 -

16. Show that the centre of mass of a uniform solid right circular
cone of height h is on its axis of symmetry at a distance h
4
1

from the base of the cone.

A uniform solid composite body consists of a right circular cone
of base radius 3r and height h and a right circular cylinder of
radius r and height 2h fixed together as shown in the figure.

Show that the centre of mass of the composite body is on its axis of symmetry at a distance h
4
5
from the
vertex of the cone.
The composite body is hanged freely in a vertical plane by a light inextensible string, one end of which is
fixed to a ceiling and the other end to a point A on the circumference of the circular base of the cone.
If the axis of symmetry of the composite body makes an angle with the downward vertical, show that,
h
r 12
tan = .
By applying along the axis of symmetry of the composite body, a force P at the vertex of the cone, the
composite body is kept in equilibrium so that the axis of symmetry of the composite body is horizontal. Find
the force P and the tension of the string in terms of W and , where W is the weight of the composite body.

Answer

tan = r

Elementary particle

Since the cone is symmetrical about the x-axis, its centre of gravity should lies on the x-axis. Then let
( ) 0 , x G . Consider the elementary particle in the shape of the cylinder with height dxand radius r, at a
distance x from the vertex.
Let dm ne its mass and be its density.
dx r dm
2
= dx x dm
2 2
tan =
When x varies from 0 to h the whole object can be obtained.
By the definition of centre of gravity,
dx
r
dx
x
x
r

- 23 -

=
h
h
dm
xdm
x
0
0

= =
h
h
h
h
dx x
dx x
dx x
dx x
x
0
2 2
0
3 2
0
2 2
0
2 3
tan
tan
tan
tan

=
h
h
dx x
dx x
x
0
2
0
3

h
h
x
x
x
0
3
0
4
3
4
=
3
4
3
4 h
h
x =
= x
4
3h

The centre of gravity of a uniform solid right circular cone of height h is on its axis of symmetry at a distance
h
4
1
from the base of the cone.

This composite body is symmetrical about x-axis. The centre of gravity of it should lies on the x-axis.
Let be the density of the composite body.

y
y
2
G G
1
G
1
W
2 1
W W +
2
W
r

- 24 -

Body Weight
Coordinates of the centre of
gravity
Cone
g h r
2
9
3
1

g h r W
2
1
3 =
0 ,
4
1
h
G
Cylinder
g h r 2
2

g h r W
2
2
2 =

( ) 0 ,
2
h G
Composite body g h r W W
2
2 1
5 = + ( ) 0 , x G

h g h r
h
g h r x g h r +

=
2 2 2
2
4
3 5
4
5
2
4
3
5
h
h
h
x = + =
= x
4
h

Distance to the centre of gravity of the composite body from the vertex of the cone =
4
h
h +
=
4
5h

The centre of mass of the composite body is on its axis of symmetry at a distance h
4
5
from the vertex of
the cone.

When the composite body is hang freely in a vertical plane by a light inextensible string, one end of which is
fixed to a ceiling and the other end to a point A on the circumference of the circular base of the cone.
Let is the angle made by the axis of symmetry of the composite body with the downward vertical.

4
3
tan
h
r
=
h
r 12
tan =

A
G
W
4
h
r 3

- 25 -

When the composite body is in equilibrium, the point G is also in equilibrium under the action of three
forces T, W and P, where T is the tension in the string.

Applying Lami's theorem to the point G
( ) sin 90 sin 90 sin
W T P
=
=
+

sin 1 cos
W T P
= =
cot W P = and cosec W T =

The value of the force P = cot W
Tension in the string = cosec W
17.
(a) An urn contains 5 white, 3 black and 7 red similar balls. Three balls are taken from the urn at random
without replacement.
Find the probability that
(i) all three balls are black,
(ii) none of the three balls is white,
(iii) at least one ball is white,
(iv) the balls are of different colours,
(v) the three balls are taken in the order black, red then white.

(b) Students in a certain class were given a question paper in Statistics. The marks obtained by these
students are given in the following grouped frequency table.
Range of Marks Number of students
00-20 14
20-40
1
f
40-60 27
60-80
2
f
80-100 15
The frequencies of the marks ranges 20-40 and 60-80 are missing in the table. However, the mode and
the median of the grouped frequency distribution are known as 48 and 50 respectively.
Calculate the two missing frequencies in the table.
Hence, obtain the total number of students who sat for the Statistics paper.
Find the mean and the standard deviation of the grouped frequency distribution.
P
T
T
G
W

- 26 -

Answer
(a)
Let W - The event that getting white ball.
B - The event that getting black ball.
R - The event that getting red ball.

(i) Probability that all three balls are black ( ) BBB P =

13
1
14
2
15
3
=
=
455
1

5 W
3 B
7 R
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
WWW
WWB
WWR
WBW
WBB
WBR
WRW
WRB
WRR
BWW
BWB
BWR
BBW
BBB
BBR
BRW
BRB
BRR
RWW
RWB
RWR
RBW
RBB
RBR
RRW
RRB
RRR
15
5
15
3
15
7
14
4
14
3
14
7
14
5
14
2
14
7
14
5
14
3
14
6
13
3
13
3
13
7
13
4
13
2
13
7
13
4
13
3
13
6
13
4
13
6
13
7
13
5
13
1
13
7
13
5
13
2
13
6
13
4
13
3
13
6
13
5
13
2
13
6
13
5
13
3
13
5

- 27 -

(ii) Probability that of none of the three balls is white ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) BRR P BRB P BBR P BBB P + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) RRR P RRB P RBR P RBB P + + + +

13 14 15
6 7 3
13 14 15
2 7 3
13 14 15
7 2 3
455
1

+

+

+ =
13 14 15
5 6 7
13 14 15
3 6 7
13 14 15
6 3 7
13 14 15
2 3 7

+

+

+

+

455
35 21 21 7 21 7 7 1 + + + + + + +
=

455
120
=
=
91
24

(iii) Probabilty that at least one ball is white = 1 - Probability that none of the three balls is white

91
24
1 =
=
91
67

(iv) Probability that the balls are of different colours ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) BRW P BWR P WBR P WRB P + + + =
( ) ( ) RWB P RBW P + +

13 14 15
7 5 3
13 14 15
7 3 5
13 14 15
3 7 5

+

+

=

13 14 15
3 5 7
13 14 15
5 3 7
13 14 15
5 7 3

+

+

+
6
13 14 15
7 15
=

13 2
6
=
=
13
3

(v) Probability that the three balls are taken in the order black, red and white ( ) BRW P =
= =
13
5
14
7
15
3
26
1

- 28 -

(b)
Range of Marks Number of students
Cumulative frequency
00 - 20 14
14
20 - 40
1
f
1
14 f +
40 - 60 27
1
41 f +
60 - 80
2
f
2 1
41 f f + +
80 - 100 15
2 1
56 f f + +

Since the mode is 48, the model class is 40 - 60.
Mode
+ =
2 1
1
C L , in the usual meaning.
Mode = 48, 40 = L , 20 = C ,
1 1
27 f = ,
2 2
27 f =
+ =
2 1
1
27 27
27
20 40 48
f f
f

=
2 1
1
54
27
20 8
f f
f

( ) ( )
1 2 1
27 5 54 2 f f f =
1 2 1
5 135 2 2 108 f f f =
( ) 1 27 2 3
2 1
= f f

Since the median is 50, the class which contains the median is 40 - 60.
Median
+ =
1
2
m
m
m
F
N
f
C
L , in the usual meaning.
Median = 50 , 40 = L , 20 =
m
C , 27 =
m
f ,
2 1
56 f f N + + = ,
1 1
14 f F
m
+ =

( )
+
+ +
+ =
1
2 1
14
2
56
27
20
40 50 f
f f

+ +
=
2
2 28 56
27
20
10
1 2 1
f f f

1 2
28 27 f f + =
( ) 2 1
2 1
= f f
( ) ( ); 2 2 1 25 2 3
1 1
= f f
25
1
= f and 24
2
= f
The value of =
1
f 25
The value of =
2
f 24

Total number of students who sat for the Statistics paper 24 25 56 + + =
=105

- 29 -

Interval
i
x - Mid value
i
f
20
50
=
i
i
x
u
2
i
u
2
i i
u f
i i
u f
00 - 20 10 14 -2 4 56 -28
20 - 40 30 25 -1 1 25 -25
40 - 60 50 27 0 0 0 0
60 - 80 70 24 1 1 24 24
80 - 100 90 15 2 4 60 30
105
5
1
=
= i
i
f , 1
5
1
=
= i
i i
u f , 165
5
1
2
=
= i
i i
u f
u C A x + = , where 50 = A , 20 = C and
=
=
=
5
1
5
1
i
i
i
i i
f
u f
u
+ =
105
1
20 50 x
19 . 50 = x

Mean of the grouped frequency distribution = 19 . 50

= =
=
= 2
5
1
5
1
2
2 2 2 2
20 u
f
u f
C
i
i
i
i i
u x

=
2
2 2
105
1
105
165
20
x

105
165
20
2 2
x
( 0
105
1
2
Q )
57 . 1 20 =
x

06 . 25 =
x

Standard deviation of the grouped frequency distribution = 06 . 25


Contact :0772252158
P.C.P.Peiris

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- 1 -

Done By : Chandima Peiris (B.Sc - Special)

X , 0 = Y and , the system of forces is reduced to a couple.

= C A B , then show that the tension of the string is ( ) tan 2 tan

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