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Transporte y sedimentaci#n
Diag$nesis y liti%caci#n
Estructuras sedimentarias
Sedimentary Stages of the Rock Cycle
! Rocks exposed at the surface undergo
" " Weathering & Erosion Weathering & Erosion to produce sediments
" " Transportation: Transportation: movement of sediment to new
locations (downstream, downwind, downglacier)
" " Deposition (Sedimentation): Deposition (Sedimentation): sedimentary
particles settle out or precipitate, forming layers
" " Burial: Burial: new sediments accumulate on top of old,
causing consolidation and burial
" " Diagenesis: Diagenesis: buried sediments undergo physical
and chemical changes that harden them to form
sedimentary rocks.
Weathering & Erosion Weathering & Erosion
to produce sediments
Transport Transport by water,
wind, and glaciers
Deposition Deposition as particles
settle or chemicals
precipitate
Burial Burial as new layers
accumulate above
Diagenesis Diagenesis as pressure, heat, and
chemical reactions convert to
sedimentary rocks
Efectos f!sicos del transporte: selecci#n
Controles:
) Tipo de agua y su distribuci#n: r!os vs. lagos vs. oce"nos
) Topograf!a: monta(as vs. planicies vs. cuencas someras
o profundas
) Actividad biol#gica
) Clima
Los ambientes de sedimentaci%n est!n "ntimamente
relacionados a la tect%nica
Ambientes sedimentarios
Los ambientes de sedimentaci%n est!n "ntimamente
relacionados a la tect%nica
!"#$%"&'()* ,&-$).&%"&'/
Fig. Story 8.4
Ambientes sedimentarios
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Fig. Story 8.4
detalle %gura p"gina anterior
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Fig. Story 8.4
Ambientes sedimentarios
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Fig. Story 8.4
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Fig. Story 8.4
Ambientes sedimentarios
!"#$%"&'()* ,&-$).&%"&'/
Fig. Story 8.4
detalle %gura p"gina anterior
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Fig. Story 8.4
Ambientes sedimentarios cl"sticos
Sedimentary Environments
Fig. Story 8.4
Most are ~clastic environments
with ~terrigenous sediments
(i.e., from continents)
Distinctive ~(Bio)chemical
sedimentary environments
- Carbonate
- Siliceous
- Evaporite
Liti%caci#n:
del sedimento a la roca
Requiere un aumento de P y T
&1' Compactaci#n
&2' Cementaci#n
&3' Recristalizaci#n
&1' Compactaci#n
From Sediments to Rock
(
Lithification
Lithification)
! ! Compaction: Compaction:
Reduction in
pore space
during burial -
from 70
down to 10!!
H
H
2 2
O
O
H2O
&2' Cementaci#n
From Sediments to Rock
(
Lithification
Lithification)
! ! Cementation: Cementation:
Precipitation of
minerals (e.g.,
SiO
2
, CaCO
3
,
Fe
2
O
3
), bonds
grains together
to form hard
rock
!"#$ &'()$'*+, +# -#./
0
1)+2)3).4+)#*
1)+2)3).4+)#*5
6'$'*+4+)#* 6'$'*+4+)#*
Fig. 8.12
Cementaci#n
&3' Recristalizaci#n
Clastos redondeados