Power Electronics Analog

1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
(c)
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. (b)
3. 3. 3. 3. 3. (d)
4. 4. 4. 4. 4. (a)
5. 5. 5. 5. 5. (c)
6. 6. 6. 6. 6. (b)
7. 7. 7. 7. 7. (d)
15. 15. 15. 15. 15. (a)
16. 16. 16. 16. 16. (b)
17. 17. 17. 17. 17. (b)
18. 18. 18. 18. 18. (a)
19. 19. 19. 19. 19. (c)
20. 20. 20. 20. 20. (b)
21. 21. 21. 21. 21. (b)
22. 22. 22. 22. 22. (a)
23. 23. 23. 23. 23. (d)
24. 24. 24. 24. 24. (a)
25. 25. 25. 25. 25. (b)
26. 26. 26. 26. 26. (c)
27. 27. 27. 27. 27. (a)
28. 28. 28. 28. 28. (b)
8. 8. 8. 8. 8. (c)
9. 9. 9. 9. 9. (b)
10. 10. 10. 10. 10. (c)
11. 11. 11. 11. 11. (c)
12. 12. 12. 12. 12. (b)
13. 13. 13. 13. 13. (c)
14. 14. 14. 14. 14. (a)
GATE-2012
(TEST SERIES-2)
EE: Electrical Engineering
(Power Electronics & Analog)
Sl Sl Sl Sl Sl. .. .. N NN NNo oo oo. : 181211 . : 181211 . : 181211 . : 181211 . : 181211
A N S WE R S A N S WE R S A N S WE R S A N S WE R S A N S WE R S
29. 29. 29. 29. 29. (d)
30. 30. 30. 30. 30. (a)
31. 31. 31. 31. 31. (a)
32. 32. 32. 32. 32. (b)
33. 33. 33. 33. 33. (d)
34. 34. 34. 34. 34. (c)
35. 35. 35. 35. 35. (a)
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[14] GATE - 2012 (TEST SERIES - 2) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
M
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C orporate O ffi ce ( D elhi ) C orporate O ffi ce ( D elhi ) C orporate O ffi ce ( D elhi ) C orporate O ffi ce ( D elhi ) C orporate O ffi ce ( D elhi )
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EXPLANATIONS
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1. 1. 1. 1. 1. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)
Power M O SFET has lower switching but its
on-resistance and conduction losses are
more. A BJT has higher switching losses
but lower conducti on loss. So, at hi gh
frequency applications. Power M O SFET is
the obvious choice.
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
Forward
Blocki ng mode
O V
BO
I = 0
g
Reverse
blocking mode
Forward conducti on mode
( on-state)
Here,
V
BO
= Forward breakover voltage
V
BR
= Reverse breakdown voltage
I
g
= G ate current
The figure shown above shows the static
I -V characteristics of a thyristor.
I n forward blocking mode there is a small
current, called forward leakage current, and
high voltage.
3. 3. 3. 3. 3. ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d)
di
dt
rati ng of a thyri stor i ndi cates the
maximum rate of rise of current from mode
to cathode without any harm to the device.
4. 4. 4. 4. 4. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
Since current becomes zero at t = , the
SCR would conduct till t = . The voltage
will not be negative when current becomes
zero so diode does not conduct.
5. 5. 5. 5. 5. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)
A three-phase semi conductor has the
unique feature of working as a six-pulse
converter for < 60 and as a three-pulse
converter for 60
6. 6. 6. 6. 6. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
I n PWM , scheme, pulse-width is varied but
chopping frequency or chopping period ( T)
is kept constant.
7. 7. 7. 7. 7. ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d)
For the attenuati on of low-frequency
harmonics, the size of filter components
i ncreases. Thi s makes the fi lter ci rcui t
costly, bulk y whi le hi gh frequency
harmonics can easily be attenuated by a
low size low-cost filter.
8. 8. 8. 8. 8. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)
I f pulse width is made equal to
2
,
n
n
th
harmonic can be eliminated.
To eliminate 3
rd
harmonic
pulse width =
2
120
3

9. 9. 9. 9. 9. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
V
o
=
s
V
1
660 =
O N
220
T
1
T
O FF
T
T
=
1
3
T = 3T
O FF
= 3 100 = 300
T
ON
= T T
O N
= 300 100
= 200 s
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POWER ELECTRONICS & ANALOG [15]
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10. 10. 10. 10. 10. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)
Functional blog diagram of a 555 timer is
shown below.
C omparator
1
C omparator
2
T hreshold
6
R
2
3
V
cc
8 5
+ V
cc
C ontrol
voltage
1
3
V
cc
R
R
Discharge
7
Flip-Flop
V
ref
4
R eset
Trigger
2
O utput
stage
3
O utput
1
G round
Q
2
Q
1
11. 11. 11. 11. 11. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)
In the given op-amp circuit, an input voltage
is amplified to get a larger output current
( as output is current) . So this circuit with
this type of negative feedback is called
voltage controlled current source.
12. 12. 12. 12. 12. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
Center branch will be open all the time
I =
1
1A
1
13. 13. 13. 13. 13. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)

Since the emitter is boost rapped to within
0.7 V of the input the voltage across the
emitter resistor = 1.3 V
Emitter current,
I
E
=
1.3
13 mA
100

The LED current is approximately 13 mA
Note: Note: Note: Note: Note: We do not include LED voltage drop in these
calculations because the transistor is acting
like a current source rather than a switch.
14. 14. 14. 14. 14. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
The worst case occurs for minimum source
voltage and maximum load current.
The critical series resistance
R
s( max)
=
3
15 6.8
410
20 10
The series resistor must be less than

410 for the Zener diode to operate in break
down regi on under the worst-case
condition.
O ption ( a) is correct.
15. 15. 15. 15. 15. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
I
D
=
2
GS
DSS
GS( off)
V
I 1
V
_

,
2 =
2
DSS
1
I 1
4
_

,
2 =
2
DSS
3
I
4
_

,
I
DSS
=
32
9
= 3.56
The closest option is ( a) .
16. 16. 16. 16. 16. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
Average output voltage = V
o
= E + I
o
R
m
2V
cos
= E + I
o
R
2 2 230
cos

= 120 + 10 0.4
= 53.21
17. 17. 17. 17. 17. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
Diode carries current in one direction, blocks
in other.
BJT carri es or blocks current i n one
direction.
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G TO carries current in one direction or
blocks in both directions.
FET carries current in both directions, but
blocks in one direction.
18. 18. 18. 18. 18. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
As voltage across the device decreases to
zero, and current through it increases to I
the transition is a turn-O N transition
Energy loss =
1 2
1 1
V I t I Vt
2 2
+
=
1 2
VI
( t t )
2
+
19. 19. 19. 19. 19. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)
Heater resistor R =
2
230
1000
RM S voltage for = 45
V
or
=
1/2
m
V 1
( ) sin2
2 2
1
+
1
]
=
1/2
2 230 1
sin90
4 2 2
1 _
+
1
,
]
= 155.07 V
Power absorbed =
2
or
V
R
=
2
155.07
1000
230
_

,
= 454.57 Watts
20. 20. 20. 20. 20. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
RM S value of voltage = 230 V
M axi mum value of i nput voltage
= 230 2 V
Peak value of the instantaneous output
voltage is 230 V, it means the firing angle
is more than 90.
v
m
sin = 230
230 2 sin = 230
= 135 ( 45 is rejected)
21. 21. 21. 21. 21. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
Circuit-turn off time for the SCRs
t
c
= RC ln( 2)
Considering safety margin of 2
C =
c
2 t
R n(2)
l
=
6
2 40
10
10 n2
l
= 11.542 F
22. 22. 22. 22. 22. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
Peak current through T
1
=
o s
C
I v
L
+
=
50
80 220
20
+
= 427.85 A
23. 23. 23. 23. 23. ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d)
T
1
T
4
T
6
T
3
T
6
T
5
T
2
T
5
180 180
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Thyristor pair in each arm i.e. T
1
, T
4
; T
3
, T
6
and T
5
, T
2
are turned on with a time interval
of 180. Thyristor in the upper group i.e. T
1
,
T
3
, T
5
conduct at an interval of 120. I t
implies that if T
1
is fired at t = 0, then T
3
must be fi red at t = 120 and T
5
at
t = 240, same is true for lower group of
SCRs.
24. 24. 24. 24. 24. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
For input v
i
< 4 V, diode will be in O N state
5
v
i
v
o
i
+
1 V
5 V
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By applying K VL
v
i
+ 5
i
+ 1 5 = 0
i =
i
4 v
5
and v
o
= 5 1 = 4 V
For input voltage v
i
> 4 V, diode will be in
O FF state.
5
v
i
v
o
+
5 V
i = 0 A
v
o
= v
i
output voltage waveform will be
t
T /2
0
T
4 V
20 V
20 V
v
i
t 0
4 V
20 V
v
o
25. 25. 25. 25. 25. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
The maximum voltage swing during each
half cycle is 15 V.
V
PP
( peak to peak) value or ac output
compliance.
V
PP
= 2 15 = 30 V
This is the maximum unclipped peak to
peak voltage that the ampli fi er can
produce.
M aximum load power
P
L( max)
=
2 2
PP
L
( V ) (30)
8R 8 100
=
9
1.125 W
8

26. 26. 26. 26. 26. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)
The time period of output rectangular wave.
T =
1 B
2RC n
1 B
+ _

,
l
Where B = Feedback fraction
=
2
1 2
R
R R +
R = Feedback resistance
C = Capacitance
B =
18 18
0.9
2 18 20

+
RC = ( 1 10
3
) ( 0.1 10
6
)
= 100 sec.
T =
6
1 0.9
2 (100 10 ) n
1 0.9
+ _

,
l
= 589 sec.
27. 27. 27. 27. 27. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
1 k
20 k
3 k
2.2 k
10 V
B
E
I
E
V
B
=
2.2
10
22.2

= 0.991 V
I
E
=
B
E
V 0.7
R
=
(0.991 0.7) V
0.291mA
1k
The ac emitter resistance

e
r
=
25mV
85.91
0.291mA

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The voltage gain A =
c
e
R
r
=
3
3 10
34.92
85.91

The ac output voltage
v
out
= A v
in
= 34.92 1 mV
= 34.92 mV * ** **
* ** ** Because of printing error option written
as 153. 6 mV so all student will be
awarded bonus mark.
28. 28. 28. 28. 28. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
The given converter is an integrator circuit.
Therefore, for the rectangular input, the
output waveform would be a triangular
wave.
29. 29. 29. 29. 29. ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d)
A swamped JFET ampli fi er offers the
following features.
1. Swamping resistor reduces the voltage
gain.
2. The changes in transconductance ( g
m
)
from one JFET to the next have less
effect on voltage gain.
3. I f r
s
is large enough the local feedback
can swamp out the nonlinearity of the
transconductance curve.
30. 30. 30. 30. 30. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
The dc emitter current in the second stage
2
E
I
=
5 1.4
10 mA
360
the dc resistance of the second emitter

diode
e2
r

=
2
E
I
10
0. 10 mA
100

ac resistance of the first emitter diode.

e1
r

=
25
250
0.10

The approximate input impedance looking
into the base of the first transistor
Z
in( i)

1

2
R
E
( 100) ( 100) ( 360)
= 3.6 M
T hi s i s much larger than the bi asi ng
resistors.
The approximate input impedance of
Darlington amplifier
Z
in
= ( R
1
) ( R
2
)
= ( 100 k) ( 100 k)
= 50 k
31. 31. 31. 31. 31. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
+
R
V
o
R
L
V
s
V
s
V
s
I
s
I
s
=
s o
V V
R
...( i)
and V
s
=
o
j L
V
R j L
+
...( ii)
I
s
=
s s
R j L
V V
j L
R
_ +

,
=
s
V R
R j L
_

,
=
s
V
j
L

=
10
j
2 50 10

= 10j mA
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i
.

N
o

p
a
r
t

o
f

t
h
i
s

b
o
o
k

m
a
y

b
e

r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

o
r

u
t
i
l
i
s
e
d

i
n

a
n
y

f
o
r
m

w
i
t
h
o
u
t

t
h
e

w
r
i
t
t
e
n

p
e
r
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
.
32. 32. 32. 32. 32. ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b) ( b)
The time for which output is high
t = 0.69 R
A
C
= 0.69 7.2 10
3
0.1 10
6
= 4.968 10
4
sec.
0.5 msec.
33. 33. 33. 33. 33. ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d) ( d)
Percentage duty cycle =
A
A B
R
100
R R

+
40 =
A
A B
R
100
R R

+
B
A
R
1
R
+ =
5
2
R
B
= 1.5 R
A
= 10.8 k
34. 34. 34. 34. 34. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)
For singe-phase semiconverter, average
output voltage
V
o
= v
t
=
m
V
(1 cos ) +
=
330
(1 cos30 ) +
= 196.01
V
o
= E
a
+ I
a
r
a
196.01 = 80 + I
a
4
I
a
= 29 A
35. 35. 35. 35. 35. ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a) ( a)
M otor back emf
E
a
= K
m

m
80 =
m
2 1400
K
60

K
m
=
80 60
0.546 V-s/rad
2 1400

or 0.546 N-m/A
M otor torque
T
e
= K
m
I
a
= 0.546 29
= 15.834 N-m
!!!!

Power Electronics Analog

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1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

13. 13. 13. 13. 13. ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c) ( c)

The series resistor must be less than

The ac emitter resistance

the dc resistance of the second emitter

ac resistance of the first emitter diode.

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