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Melissa Li
Jaya Dubey
Writing 39C
16 May 2014
Key to the Affordable Housing Crisis: Preserving Housing in San Francisco
San Francisco is in the midst of an affordable housing crisis, where housing has
become the most costly in the nation and is creating widespread hardship among the low
income, working and middle classes. The skyrocketing housing prices and evictions has
resulted in gentrification and increasing displacement of visionaries, families, and elderly
citizens. Below is a photograph showing a protest against the unjust eviction of an elderly
immigrant couple who live with their
disabled adult daughter. According to
the U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development, housing is
considered affordable when families pay
no more than 30 percent of their
household income towards housing
expenses. A study by the National Low
Income Housing Coalition explained that 41 percent of San Francisco residents spend 30
to 50 percent of their income on housing. In Figure 2, data provided by the Harvard Joint
Center for Housing Studies, a center that advances understanding of housing issues,
demonstrates that renters with severe cost burdens spend about $500 more each month on
housing than their counterparts living in affordable units. These cost burdens put a strain
Figure 1. KALW, Ellis Act evictions: Gum Gee Lee
Web. 18 Dec 2013.
Comment [JD1]: Needs transition here
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on households and severely affect
the quality of life since people are
skimping on other basic necessities,
which lead to detriment of their
health. Furthermore, spending a
disproportionate share of income on
housing stifles economic growth
(Center for Housing Policy). People
who are either evicted or unable to afford housing in San Francisco are moving to
neighboring cities where the environment and social conditions may be lacking and
experience direct impacts on mental and psychological wellbeing. To address the
affordable housing crisis, Mayor Edwin M. Lee
outlined his ambitious housing goal of creating
30,000 new and rehabilitated housing units by
2020 in his State of the City address, and has
pledged at least 30 percent would remain
permanently affordable to low and moderate
income families (Office of the Mayor). In
response to the increasing frustration of residents, Mayor Lee explained, What our
housing crisis demands are real solutions and a shared vision, not easy slogans and
Figure 2. Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard
University, America's Rental Housing: Evolving Markets and
Needs Web. 09 Dec 2013.
The American Dream for every
family has at its core a
comfortable home in a safe
neighborhood, a home available
to buy or rent at a cost within
the family budget, a home
reasonably close to the wage
earners place of work.

-Thomas H. Kean

Comment [JD2]: Nice pull out quote
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divisive scapegoating. Although Mayor Lee has advocated for reform, housing
legislation needs to be improved at a quicker rate in order to ensure tenant protection and
to reduce the migration of families and elderlies who are on a fixed income, as housing
has now become an unaffordable luxury even for individuals in the middle class. The
affordable housing crisis continues to persist and is one of the major challenges in San
Francisco due to several historical trends, which lock out the low-income population by
making the city one of the least affordable
in the country. The history of anti-growth
development from effective lobbying by
local NIMBY (Not in My Back Yard)
groups who oppose additional or different
types of housing units in their
neighborhoods and communities has
resulted in restrictive and excessive
government land use and development regulations. Enrico Moretti, a professor of
economics at UC Berkeley, explains that, it takes years, harsh political battles and
seemingly endless appeals to approve a new housing project. As a result of the
influences of NIMBY opposition, San Francisco has been unwilling to prioritize smart
housing production of market-rate and affordable units (Weiner). The current technology
boom, which started in the late 2000s, has exacerbated the housing crisis since an influx
of young and wealthy technology workers who are able to afford the steep housing prices
have migrated to San Francisco. The failure to reform housing laws such as the Ellis Act,
"This disconnect saying that we
need more housing while
arbitrarily finding reasons to kill
or water down projects that
provide that housing is having
profound effects on our city and its
beautiful diversity, economic and
otherwise.

-Supervisor Scott Weiner

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passed in 1985, has allowed speculators who utilize the loophole of the Ellis Act to evict
longtime residents who live in rent controlled apartments into condominiums. In Figure
3, real estate data by Trulia, a real
estate website which tracks housing
prices nationally and locally, indicates
that San Francisco had the highest
prices per square foot, while also
having the lowest number of new
construction permits. As the
population continues to increase, the
local government has not provided
sufficient supply to meet the rising demand.
The disparities of housing equity in San Francisco has been drastically rising
throughout recent years and will continue to persist unless a significant change is
introduced and implemented. In order to resolve the complications of the housing
shortage, the revitalization of current housing is essential to prevent further displacement
of disadvantaged long-term residents. The preservation of existing low-cost housing
units, which was proposed in 2013 by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development, would not only halt if not decrease gentrification and displacement, but
would also provide various economic and social benefits. Even though displaced
residents would benefit, there would still be opposition primarily from homeowner
associations and speculative buyers who have a financial incentive to restrict affordable
housing. Compared to improving current units, an alternative solution of easing housing
Figure 3. Trulia, 5 Truths of Tech-Hub Housing Costs Web. 6
Feb 2014

Comment [JD3]: Pull numbers from the
graphic to discuss and analyze implications
Comment [JD4]: Good concession to
barriers/
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regulations to expedite the production of new affordable housing would not protect
existing residents and construction would be less cost-effective. By sustaining and
promoting economic diversity, the redevelopment of existing housing will provide
opportunities for residents to limit gentrification. The preservation of housing is the most
viable solution since it has proven successful in other cities. The collaborative support
among various levels and branches of government and nonprofits play a substantial role
in protecting current tenants and confronting future housing demand.
Preservation of current affordable housing would not only reduce the
displacement of visionaries such as artists, activists, and small businesses who have
shaped the culture and history, but also residential segregation of the low-income,
working, and middle classes. The primary example of severe gentrification is in the
Mission neighborhood, Between 1990 and 2011, the number of Latino households in the
Mission decreased by 1,400, while the number of White households increased by 2,900,
examined by advocacy group Causta Justa (7). Causa Justa, a grassroots organization
building community leadership to achieve justice for low-income San Francisco and
Oakland residents, advocates for preservation strategies including the implementation of
a No Net Loss policy at the city level to require all affordable units lost through
renovation, conversion, or demolition be replaced within the same neighborhood if
possible and within the same city at a minimum (Causta Justa 67). This is a method of
preservation that sustains long-term neighborhood and city-level affordability by
ensuring that the overall supply of affordable units does not decrease over time. For
effective implementation, the city council must conduct an assessment of current
affordable housing units by neighborhood and affordability level, which would also
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include information on number of units, rent level of units, household size, and income of
inhabitants. Future housing development within San Francisco would then be measured
against the preservation goals set in each income bracket. Implementing the no net loss
policy would alleviate low-cost housing options for the low-income and minorities,
which undermines quality of life for families, forcing difficult tradeoffs in both housing
quality and spending on other vital needs (Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies).
Although the preservation of existing
affordable units would benefit current
residents, Marisa Lagos, a staff writer who
covers politics for the San Francisco
Chronicles, explained that there is opposition
primarily from homeowner and realtor groups,
as they have recently challenged two new laws intended to protect tenants and preserve
rental housing. While claiming to protect small property owners right, homeowner
associations have as strong economic incentive to restrict affordable housing because it
supports price appreciation of their own homes (Cutler). By adequately enforcing
preservation polices such as the no net loss policy, it may be the most effective way to
guide preservation efforts within a city as they create a comprehensive and accurate
portrait of affordable housing supply (Causa Justa). The no net loss policy would gain
control of affordable housing assets and would stabilize market value of residential real
estate to facilitate the acquisition and development of additional affordable housing
assets.
A record number of rent-
stabilized tenants have trouble
paying their rent. And they face
the highest increases in five
years while landlords profit.

-Jaron Benjamin

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Maintaining the supply of affordable housing in relation to new market rate
housing through inclusionary housing polices offers the region a housing strategy that is
high impact and is gaining widespread support. San Francisco developers have prioritized
housing for the wealthy,
as shown in Figure 4.
The market is
producing almost
double the number of
housing units for people with Above Moderate incomes, or 120 percent of the areas
median income, as the RHNA says it needs to build. In response, another method of
preservation includes establishing inclusionary zoning policies, which would require
developers to reserve a certain percentage of housing units for low and moderate-income
households, in order to encourage production of affordable housing units within new
market-rate housing developments. The government must dictate the amount of
affordable housing units within new developments. In the New York Times Room for
Debate, Edward Glasear, a professor of economics at Harvard University argued that
inclusionary zoning would essentially add an extra tax on development, making building
more costly and reducing housing supply. In response to opposition, Homes for
Working Families, a nonprofit organization advocating for good-quality homes, explains
that local governments enacting inclusionary zoning ordinances generally provide the
private sector with a variety of economic incentives to offset some or all of the cost of
developing affordable housing. Inclusionary zoning is an effective tool for maintaining
economic diversity by providing housing for the local workforce, thus retaining and
Figure 4. San Francisco Planning Department, Residential Pipeline Entitled
Housing Units 2007 to 2013 Q4 Web.
Comment [JD5]: Needs transition here to
clarify why you are using Glasear as a
source
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attracting business investment. As more people become aware of the relationship between
the availability of affordable housing and a communitys economic vitality, Alan Mallach,
a senior fellow at the Center for Community Progress, and a non-resident senior fellow at
the Brookings Institution emphasizes that there is a growing recognition of the need to
accommodate affordable housing within local or regional land-use regulations (318). By
utilizing public assets for affordable housing preservation efforts and advocating for
increased and renewed funding for affordable housing at the state and federal levels, there
would be significant changes.
As housing shortages are occurring throughout America, the successful
implementation of preservation strategies in Los Angeles and Boston has provided relief
for residents and proved to be beneficial. By educating and empowering residents to
participate in local and national campaigns for housing equity, local organizations in Los
Angeles, managed to secure the inclusion in a settlement agreement with the citys
redevelopment agency of a No Net Loss approach to housing in two redevelopment
areas in the gentrifying downtown area (Beach). Furthermore, the agreement involves
the replacement within four years of converted or demolished residential hotel units and
the replacement units must be made available at the same rent level as the units they
replace (Beach). The Los Angeles Community Action Network (LA CAN) explains
local efforts have resulted in the
preservation of 15,000 homes for Los
Angeless lowest income occupants. With
increased funding for extremely low-
income housing and strengthened tenant
Figure 5. Friedman, Gary. Shortage of affordable housing is
dire in L.A., advocates say Los Angeles Times. Web.
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rights requirements (LA CAN), this would help reduce the forcing of low-income
residents into overcrowded and sometimes unsafe housing conditions, as shown in the
picture above. (Friedman). In addition, the implementation of inclusionary zoning
policies in the Greater Boston area has also proven to be effective. The Greater Boston
area has a similar history of stringent land use regulations such as in San Francisco, but
has expanded affordability in housing over time through organizational and community
efforts. As the benefits and results of preservation in Los Angeles and Boston has
demonstrated, the local government of San Francisco must also take a proactive approach
in employing preservation methods and strategies.
In comparison with preserving current housing, an alternative solution would be
to increase the flexibility of housing ordinances in order to expedite the process of
producing new affordable housing units, proposed by the San Francisco Housing Action
Coalition, a nonprofit that advocates for well-design and well-located housing, at all
levels of affordability. Data from 2,649 municipalities indicate that San Francisco's
housing policies are among the most restrictive in the United States due to stringent land-
use restrictions, incredible delays and lawsuits challenging proposed developments
(Moretti). Gabriel Metcalf, the executive director of SPUR, a nonprofit membership
organization that promotes good planning and good government, explains that in the
long run, fixing the structural inability to add more housing is the only way to make the
city more affordable for most people. Without incentives from the government, the
majority of developers would prioritize the production of luxury condominiums catering
to new tech wealth compared to construction of affordable housing. Calvin Welch, a
member of the Council of Community Housing Organizations, explains that new housing
Comment [JD6]: Be consistent about
showing cred. For all sources not just some
of them
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units would not guarantee affordability since real estate speculation would continue to
dominate the market making housing expensive. The pro-development attitudes in San
Francisco resemble the trends that has exacerbated gentrification in Manhattan explains
Joe Rodriguez, a staff writer at the San Francisco Bay Guardian. The illustration in
Figure 6 depicts the worries that San
Francisco is quickly becoming
Manhattanized as building denser and taller
buildings would create a construction frenzy
and increase the disparities between the
have and have-nots (Rodriguez). Instead,
preservation is a beneficial method of
producing affordable housing without
requiring major expenditures from strained local government budgets (Brownstein and
Zwick). A study by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development finds that
new construction costs between $40,000 and $71,000 more than acquiring and
rehabilitating of existing developments. Not only is preservation consistently less
expensive, but it also more environmentally responsible since preservation saves energy
in four primary ways- in reusing an existing building, in using existing infrastructure, in
preserving green space, and in reducing household energy use (National Housing Trust).
Ultimately the preservation of existing affordable housing reduces the root cause that has
prevented development and provides protections for residents, while maintaining
economic and social diversity in communities.
Figure 6. Dunn, Louis. "Manhattanization
revisited." San Francisco Bay Guardian, Web.

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In cities and towns across America, there is a rising demand for affordable
housing while the supply of low-cost housing evaporates. The emerging housing crisis in
America is the product of the policy and choices of the past. The United States has an
obligation to ensure that its less affluent citizens have a decent roof over their heads, in a
community where they can share a decent quality of life and the opportunities that the
nation offers (Mallach 342). Housing legislation in the local level should focus on
preserving affordability in housing, while discouraging the presences of speculators.
Every effort to limit gentrification and displacement, to preserve economic and social
diversity, and to maintain affordability in housing, is a small step in the right direction.
Displacement of long-term residents continues to occur as the median one-bedroom
apartment prices in San Francisco have surpassed $3,000 per month, according to the city
controller's office. Innovation and change in housing reform is long overdue. Recently
Mayor Lee called for $94 million in public money over the next two years into
constructing affordable housing in San Francisco (Cote). The local government must be
held accountable as pushing a pro-development agenda while playing lip service to an
affordable housing push is all the rage in San Francisco nowadays(Rodriguez). It is only
through the collaborative vision, action, and commitment of residents, organizations, and
the government, that truly sustainable and healthy communities will be created.
Great research and argumentationkeep it up. Para on history could be more
detailed especially about the Twitter effect on SFO housing.
Clear introduction identifies an importnt problem and why this problem
needs a solution. The problem definition and use of history may not be as
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purposeful or persuasive as in superior papers, but the writer provides clear
connections between problem, history and solution.
Clearly addresses why this solution is the best choice for the problem at hand,
and provides a solid framework for the rest of the essay. The best thesis
statements provide a nuanced view of both the strengths and weaknesses of the
proposed policy.
Defines the problem clearly and identifies an ultimate solution (clarifying exactly
how the policy would mitigate the problem). Articulates the complex nature of the
problem and focuses on a policy that addresses the most pressing or feasible
aspect of the problem to address under the current circumstances.
Critical evaluation and analysis of this solution addresses how it will address the
causes of the problem, and further addresses oppositional and alternative
perspectives on how to solve the problem.
Clear and persuasive argumentative framework, and clearly indicates both
strengths and weaknesses of the policy. The reasons justifying the advocated
policy are logically related, clearly explained, and addressed specifically in a
logical sequence of body paragraphs.
integrates good research from quality sources to both analyze and support this
policy. The credibility of each source is usually described or implied; the sources
are accurately portrayed, properly cited, and integrated within the argument. The
writer's own argument may sometimes be overshadowed; but usually the sources
amplify and enhance the argument.
Good job on the ABs and evals.
Grade A-




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Working Bibliography
Addison, Carey, Sumei Zhang, and Bradley Coomes. "Smart Growth and Housing
Affordability A Review of Regulatory Mechanisms and Planning
Practices." Journal of Planning Literature 28.3 (2013): 215-257.
Summei Zhang and Bradley Coomes are both Assistant Professors at the
Department of Urban and Public Affairs, University of Louisville. Carey Addison
is a PhD candidate at the Department of Urban and Public Affairs, University of
Louisville. In their article, Addison, Zhang, and Coomes argue that there is a
strong relationship between smart growth practices and housing affordability for
the low and moderate-income population. Addison, Zhang, and Coomes address
the supporters who promote smart growth for diversity, challenges such as
compact development, and the various impacts on the housing market in order to
examine the current limitations and prevention of affordability. Addison, Zhang,
and Coomes are writing to an academic audience who are interested in methods of
maintaining affordability in housing. Their purpose is to raise awareness of
several social, administrative, and economic issues that address policy
implementations.
Beach, Benjamin S. "Strategies and lessons from the Los Angeles community benefits
experience." J. Affordable Hous. & Cmty. Dev. L. 17 (2008): 77.
Causa Justa:: Just Cause. Development without Displacement: Resisting Gentrification
in the Bay Area. Web. 18 Apr 2014.
City & County of San Francisco Office of the Mayor. Mayor Lee Outlines Bold 2014
Agenda in State of the City Address. 17 Jan 2014. Web 18 May 2014.
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Cutler, Kim-Mai. How Burrowing Owls Lead To Vomiting Anarchists (Or SFs
Housing Crisis Explained). TechCrunch. 14 Apr 2014. Web 18 Apr 2014.
Cote, John. S.F. mayor calls for huge boost in affordable housing funds. SFGate, 1 Jun
2014. Web 2 Jun 2014.
Glasear, Edward. Ease Regulation to Increase Supply. The New York Times. 16 Oct
2013. Web 18 May 2014.
Glaeser, Edward L., and Bryce A. Ward. "The causes and consequences of land use
regulation: Evidence from Greater Boston." Journal of Urban Economics 65.3
(2009): 265-278.
Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. America's Rental Housing:
Evolving Markets and Needs. 9 Dec 2013. Web 20 May 2014.
Khouri, Andrew. Shortage of affordable housing is dire in L.A., advocates say Los
Angeles Times. 28 May 2014 Web. 30 May 2014
Los Angeles Community Action Network. Housing is a Human Right Los Angeles
Community Action Network. Web. 28 May 2014
Mallach, Allan. A Decent Home: Planning, Building, and Preserving Affordable
Housing. Illinois: American Planning Association, 2009. Print.
Alan Mallach, a senior fellow at the Center for Community Progress and National
Housing Institute and a non-resident senior fellow of the Brookings Institution,
argues that affordable housing and community revitalization affects regional
economic competitiveness, quality of life among residents. Mallach provides a
comprehensive picture of what affordable housing is, how it works, and how it is
planned and developed. Mallach examines the vital issues and controversies
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surrounding affordable housing, which includes social, economic, and political
considerations. Mallach provides readers with the information and insight to
develop thoughtful and responsible thoughts about a concern that is challenged
both nationally and in individual communities around the nation.
Metcalf, Gabriel. 8 Ways to Make San Francisco More Affordable. SPUR. 11 Feb
2014. Web 15 May 2014.
Moretti, Enrico. How to Make SF Housing More Affordable. SFGate. 9 Jun 2013. Web
20 May 2014.
"Preserving Affordable Rental Housing: A Snapshot of Growing Need, Current Threats,
and Innovative Solutions. U.S Department of Housing & Urban Development,
n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
Rodriguez, Joe. "Manhattanization revisited." San Francisco Bay Guardian, 21 Jan.
2014. Web. 28 May 2014.
Ryberg-Webster, Stephanie, and Kelly Kinahan. "Historic Preservation and Urban
Revitalization in the Twenty-first Century." Journal of Planning Literature
(2013): 0885412213510524.
Stephanie Ryberg-Webster is an Assistant Professor of Urban Studies and Kelley
L. Kinahan is a doctoral student in Urban Policy and Development at Cleveland
State University. In their article, Webster and Kinahan claim that historic
preservation is tied with city planning and development. Webster and Kinahan
provides the history of preservation as urban development, analyzes the current
state of preservation practices in urban revitalization. Webster and Kinahan are
writing to an audience who are interested in understanding and evaluating the
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effectiveness of preservation policies and practices. The purpose of this article is
to interpret advocacy claims and to bridge the divide between preservation and
contemporary urban policy.
San Francisco Housing Coalition. 2014 Housing Action Plan. 31 Mar 2014. Web 15
May 2014.
Scally, Corianne Payton. "The Nuances of NIMBY Context and Perceptions of
Affordable Rental Housing Development." Urban Affairs Review 49.5 (2013):
718-747.
Corianne Payton Scally, PhD, an assistant professor in the Department of
Geography and Planning at the University at Albany, State University of New
York, argues that the local not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) attitudes and action has
negatively impacted affordable rental housing development. Scally examines case
studies within New York State to explore local acceptance and avoidance of
affordable rental housing development, in order to inspire local participation in
housing development. Scally is writing to an audience who has an interest in
reducing NIMBY attitudes and actions and whether this would increase the
supply of affordable rental housing.
Schuetz, Jenny, Rachel Meltzer, and Vicki Been. Silver Bullet or Trojan Horse? The
Effects of Inclusionary Zoning On Local Housing Markets In The United States.
Urban Studies (Sage Publications, LTD.) 48.2 (2011): 297-392. Academic Search
Complete. Web. 30 May 2014
Jenny Schuetz is in the School of Policy, Planning and Development, University
of Southern California. Rachel Meltzer is in the Milano School for Management
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and Urban Policy, The New School and Vicki Been is in the School of Law at
New York University. In their article, Schuetz, Meltzer, and Been claim that
inclusionary zoning (IZ) is a beneficial method of producing affordable housing
without direct public subsidies. They utilize data on IZ in the San Francisco
metropolitan area and suburban Boston to analyze how much affordable housing
was produced and the effects on prices and production of market-rate housing.
Schuetz, Meltzer, and Been are writing to an audience who would to analyze the
significant improvements and effects of inclusionary housing. The purpose of this
article is to inform about the context and relationship between local housing
prices and government interactions.
Weiner, Scott. How San Francisco creates its own housing crisis. SF Gate. 13 Jan
2014. Web. 18 May 2014.
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Source Evaluations
Beach, Benjamin S. "Strategies and lessons from the Los Angeles community benefits
experience." J. Affordable Hous. & Cmty. Dev. L. 17 (2008): 77.
Benjamin S. Beach is Staff Attorney with the Community Economic
Development Unit of the Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles. This article
explains the efforts of local groups in obtaining their right to the city and achieves
the goal of better neighborhoods while preventing community displacement.
Beach primarily focuses on the legal strategies and examines lessons learned in
local groups campaigns. This article provides context while evaluating the
strategies used by local groups to influence development in and discusses the
various methods used to create enforceable commitments to provide benefits for
residents.
Causa Justa:: Just Cause. Development without Displacement: Resisting Gentrification
in the Bay Area. Web. 18 Apr 2014.
Causa Justa :: Just Cause (CJJC), a multi-racial, grassroots organization building
community leadership to achieve justice for low-income San Francisco and
Oakland residents. This report provides findings and proposed policy solutions to
address the effects of gentrification on local communities in the Bay Area. Causa
Jusa utilizes health impact research and data from the Alameda County Pubic
Health Department. There are a variety of anecdotes from residents who are
wrongly evicted and references from scholars discussing gentrification and urban
renewal. The Metropolitan Transportation Commission from the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development funded this research.
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Glasear, Edward. Ease Regulation to Increase Supply. The New York Times. 16 Oct
2013. Web 18 May 2014.
Edward Glaeser is an American economist and professor of economics at Harvard
University who studies the economics of cities, and has written numerous articles
regarding of urban issues, which include the growth of cities, segregation, and
housing markets. Glaeser also contributes to The Times's Economixblog. In his
post in the New York Times Room for Debate, he includes references to the
Oxford Journals and the Penn Institute for Urban Research. Glaeser has also
published articles in response to the causes and consequences of land use
regulation.
Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. America's Rental Housing:
Evolving Markets and Needs. 9 Dec 2013. Web 20 May 2014.
The Joint Center for Housing Studies was formed as the Joint Center for Urban
Studies of MIT and Harvard, and addresses intellectual and policy issues, which
cause widespread demographic, economic and social changes. This report
provides a comprehensive analysis of the history and effects of the housing crisis
and provides details regarding the housing demand, supply, and need. The report
references credible sources such as the U.S Department of Housing and Urban
Development and the Federal Housing Administration. The report includes
various types of data representation and trends of the housing crisis since 2001.
This was published fairly recently in 2013, so it is relevant in addressing the issue
of rental housing in America.

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Mallach, Allan. A Decent Home: Planning, Building, and Preserving Affordable
Housing. Illinois: American Planning Association, 2009. Print.
Alan Mallach is a senior fellow at the Center for Community Progress, a non-
resident senior fellow at the Metropolitan Policy Program of The Brookings
Institution in Washington DC and a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank
of Philadelphia. Mallach provides a guide to developing affordable housing and
introduction to housing policy, while acknowledging the significant roles of the
private, social and public sectors. The chapters address the process of developing
housing from design to financing. Mallach provides information about
inclusionary and exclusionary zoning, and preservation of affordability.
Metcalf, Gabriel. 8 Ways to Make San Francisco More Affordable. SPUR. 11 Feb
2014. Web 15 May 2014.
Gabriel Metcalf is the executive director of SPUR, a nonprofit membership
organization that promotes good planning and good government through research,
education and advocacy. Metcalf has written several articles regarding the
housing crisis in San Francisco. In his proposal to address the affordable housing
crisis, he includes various recommendations. The proposal references other
supporters including the Mayors Office of Housing and San Francisco Housing
Action Coalition. This proposal was adopted by the SPUR Board of Directors and
was released fairly recently in the beginning of 2014.
Moretti, Enrico. How to Make SF Housing More Affordable. SFGate. 9 Jun 2013. Web
20 May 2014.
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Enrico Moretti is Professor of Economics at the University of California,
Berkeley, the Director of the Urbanization Program at the International Growth
Centre (London School of Economics) and Visiting Scholar at the Federal
Reserve Bank of San Francisco. He has contributed his views in an editorial post
for the San Francisco Chronicles. Moretti provides the history of the housing
crisis, data from the city, and recommendations for increasing the supply for
housing. He includes references to Supervisor Scott Weiner.
Ryberg-Webster, Stephanie, and Kelly Kinahan. "Historic Preservation and Urban
Revitalization in the Twenty-first Century." Journal of Planning Literature
(2013): 0885412213510524.
Stephanie Ryberg and Kelly Kinahan are scholars at the Cleveland State
University. This article provides an extensive history and context in order to show
the importance of preservation. The article analyses the current state of affairs in
preservation practice and scholarship and builds new connections with four
discourses in urban revitalization. Through extensive research, Ryberg and
Kinahan illustrate the opportunities and challenges of growth. The article
examines claims from opposition and addresses the shortcoming of scholarly
research. Ryberg and Kinahan examine research recommendations and literature
connections.
Scally, Corianne Payton. "The Nuances of NIMBY Context and Perceptions of
Affordable Rental Housing Development." Urban Affairs Review 49.5 (2013):
718-747.
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Corianne Payton Scally conducts research on affordable housing and community
development policy and practice at the federal, state and local levels and was
formerly Associate Professor and Director of the Masters in Urban and Regional
Planning Program at the University at Albany, State University of New York.
Scally provides several case studies and data methods to create a representation of
the impacts of NIMBY attitudes. Scally also acknowledges the limitations within
her research and addresses the opposition and conflicting interests in an unbiased
manner. Scally clearly address the supporters and the reasons for affordable
housing development to occur and also includes recommendations to improve the
accuracy of research. This research was funded through a Faculty Research
Award Program seed grant through the College of Arts and Sciences, University
at Albany, State University of New York.
Schuetz, Jenny, Rachel Meltzer, and Vicki Been. Silver Bullet or Trojan Horse? The
Effects of Inclusionary Zoning On Local Housing Markets In The United States.
Urban Studies (Sage Publications, LTD.) 48.2 (2011): 297-392. Academic Search
Complete. Web. 30 May 2014
Jenny Schuetz, Rachel Meltzer, and Vicki Been are scholars at the New York
University. In their policy brief, they provide a comprehensive background and
analysis of inclusionary zoning in Boston and comparisons to other cities.
researchers and affordable housing advocates should continue to monitor both
affordable housing output and the effects on housing prices and construction as IZ
programs in the region become more established The policy brief includes
credible sources from other academic scholars who have completed analysis of
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policies in the Boston area. This policy brief was published by the Furman Center
for Real Estate & Urban Policy. Although this brief was published in 2009, the
policies remain relevant in addressing preservation methods in America.