Lecture Notes On Transportation

October 2005
Transportation Defined
Simply, It Refers To The Movement Of Persons Or Things From One
Place To Another, And Is Immaterial Whether The arrying !e Over
"and, Water Or Air# It Incl$des Waiting Time, "oading Or %nloading,
Stopping In Transit, And All Other Accessorial Services In onnection
With The "oaded Movement# &See '( #)#S# Transportation*
As A ontract, It Is One Where+y A ertain Person Or Association Of
Persons O+ligate Themselves To Transport Persons, Things Or
,e-s From One Place To Another For A Fi.ed Price# &See / !lanco
012*
3istorical Origin Of The "a- On Transportation
If ommerce 3as For Its O+4ect The !ringing Of ommodities To
The ons$mer, It Follo-s That The Merchant M$st Transport 3is
Merchandise To The Place Where It Is In Demand# In Fact, 3e M$st
5ven Transport Them To Other o$ntries# This Re6$irement 3as
Th$s Made Transportation Indispensa+le#
"a-s On Transportation
"a- On ommon arriers &Articles /(78 To /(00, ,cc*, ommercial
ontracts For Transportation Overland &Articles 719 To 7(9, ode Of
ommerce*, Maritime ommerce & Articles 0(7 To (70, Articles :'2;
:'1 As S$perseded !y Ra 0/20, Articles '20 To '1: Of The ode Of
ommerce, Paragraph 0 Of Section 7 Of The arriage Of <oods !y
Sea Act &ommerce Act 0:*, P$+lic Service Act &ommerce Act ,o#
/10, As Amended, And The Warsa- onvention Of /989 As To
arrier=s "ia+ility#
Part I-Law On Common Carriers
1. Common Carriers Defined:
/#/ %nder Article /(78> ommon arriers Are Persons,
orporations, Firms Or Associations 5ngaged In The !$siness Of
arrying Or Transporting Passengers Or <oods Or !oth, !y "and,
Water Or Air, For ompensation, Offering Their Services To The
P$+lic#
/#8 On The !asis Of The "a-, The 5ssential 5lements Of A
ommon arrier Are>
A# It Is A Person, orporation, Firm Or Association
!# It Is Engaged In The Business Of Carrying Or Transporting Passengers
Or Goods C. It Is For Compensation Or Hire
1 For Compensation Or Hire
! Ho"e#er$ If %ou &ide ' (eep But %ou Do )ot Pay$ It Doesn*t
+a,e The (eep )ot ' Common Carrier
If In A Gratuitous Carriage (E.G. Pal Employees), The
Parties May Enter Into A Stipulation or A !esser "egree
#f "iligen$e. %ut Still The Presumption #f &egligen$e 'ill
Apply.
". Must #perate Generally As A %usiness An( &ot As A
Casual #$$upation
! -hether:
a &egu.ar Or /0hedu.ed
1 O00asiona.$ Episodi0 Or 2ns0hedu.ed
0 Offered To The Genera. Pu1.i0 Or To ' )arro"
/egment Of The Genera. Popu.ation
E. Ho.ds Himse.f Out To The Pu1.i0 's &eady To Engage In Transportation
a. 3Pu1.i04 5 The Prin0ipa. Distinguishing Chara0teristi0 Is Its
&eadiness To /er#e The Pu1.i0 Indis0riminate.y &egard.ess Of The
)um1er Of Peop.e '0tua..y /er#ed -hi0h6 The Offeree +ust Ha#e
' &ight To Demand The /er#i0e Of The Common Carrier 'nd )ot
(ust By Permission
1. 2s 7s. Tan Pia0o: The Prin0ipa. Business Of The C0 +ust Be To
Carry. Other"ise$ Ho" Can It Ho.d Itse.f Out To The Pu1.i0 's
Engaged In The Business 's ' C08 Ho" Can The Pu1.i0 9no" That
The C0 Is Engaged In The Business 's ' C0 If The Business Is )ot
Prin0ipa.8 :Tama Di Ba8 The True Criterion By -hi0h To (udge
The Chara0ter Of The 2se Is -hether The Pu1.i0 +ay En;oy It By
&ight Or On.y By Permission.
1.< The Contra0t Of Transportation Is ' Consensua. Contra0t. Hen0e$ '
Common Carrier Engages In ' Continuous Offer. If %ou F.ag ' C0 Do"n$ The
Contra0t Be0omes Perfe0ted :Consistent -ith The Idea That Entering -ith '
Contra0t -ith ' C0 Is ' +atter Of &ight 'nd )ot Permission. %ou -ou.d
9no" -hen The Carrier %ou 're Going To F.ag Do"n Is ' C0 Be0ause It
/hou.d Ho.d Itse.f Out Prin0ipa..y 's ' C0.
1.= Distin0tion:
Common Carrier Pri#ate Carrier
The C0 Ho.ds Himse.f Out In
Common$ That Is$ To '.. Persons
-ho Choose To Emp.oy Him$ 's
&eady To Carry For Hire6 )o One
Can Be ' C0 2n.ess He Has He.d
Himse.f Out To The Pu1.i0 's '
Carrier In /u0h ' +anner 's To
&ender Him >ia1.e To 'n '0tion If
He /hou.d &efuse To Carry For
'nyone -ho -ishes To Emp.oy
Him. :E.G. Buses In Edsa
The Pri#ate Carrier 'grees In /ome
/pe0ia. Case -ith /ome Pri#ate
Indi#idua. To Carry For Hire
Does )ot Ho.d Itse.f Out 's
Engaged In The Business For The
Pu1.i0 :E.G. &ent?'?Car Operation
Bound To Carry )ot Bound To Carry For 'ny
&eason 2n.ess It Enters Into '
/pe0ia. 'greement To Do /o
Pu1.i0 /er#i0e Hen0e /u1;e0t To
&egu.ation
)ot /u1;e0t To &egu.ation
E@traordinary Di.igen0e Due Di.igen0e