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IP Bologna 2014
Spatial Pl anning and Housing Poli cies: creati ng community li ving spaces






















Group 1
Ruben Barnhoorn
Martina Anelli
Madeleine Pope
Vera Charlotte Bhling
Corina Paula Serac
Romain Navarro
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Table of content
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Context ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Caserma Masini ................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Site analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Constraints..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Landscape, History & Archaeology ................................................................................................ 5
2.3 Accessibility ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Sustainable mobility and public facilities ...................................................................................... 6
2.5 Functions / Destinations ................................................................................................................ 6
2.6 Time ............................................................................................................................................... 6
3. SWOT: Area ......................................................................................................................................... 7
4. Spectrum Appraisal: Before Site Development ................................................................................... 8
5. Policies ................................................................................................................................................. 9
5.1 PSC Bologna Structural Plan ....................................................................................................... 9
5.2 PUV ................................................................................................................................................ 9
5.3 RUE Town planning & building regulations ................................................................................ 9
5.4 Other Housing Policies .................................................................................................................. 9
6. SWOT: policies and local initiatives ................................................................................................... 10
6.1 Strengths ..................................................................................................................................... 10
6.2 Weaknesses ................................................................................................................................. 10
6.3 Opportunities .............................................................................................................................. 10
6.4 Threats ......................................................................................................................................... 11
7. Criteria for effective & sustainable housing policies ......................................................................... 12
8. Our inspirations ................................................................................................................................. 13
9. Framework ........................................................................................................................................ 16
10. Master plan ..................................................................................................................................... 18
11. Spectrum Appraisal: After site development .................................................................................. 19
12. Phasing ............................................................................................................................................ 20
13. Reflections ....................................................................................................................................... 21
14. References ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Appendix ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Project area ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Green Areas ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Infrastructures ................................................................................................................................... 26
Equipments and services .................................................................................................................. 27
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Masterplan ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Phasing .............................................................................................................................................. 29
Demolitons & constructions .............................................................................................................. 31




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1. Introduction
Context
Bologna is the largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy. It is home to the oldest university in
the world that was built in 1088, two historical towers and the famous porticoes. The historical
nature of the city is very important to its people and policies are in place to protect the citys history.
In 2010, Bologna had a population of 380,604, of which 46.7% were male and 53.3% were female.
Children under the age of 18 made up 12.86% of the population whilst pensioners made up 27.02%
of the population. The average age of a Bologna resident was measured to be 51, compared to the
Italian average age of 42, demonstrating an older population (Demo Istat, 2010).
The quarter of Santo Stefano, which includes the Caserma Masini site, demonstrates similar
statistics. The resident population by major age groups and sex, December 31, 2012 are as follows;


Caserma Masini
The Caserma Masini site was first used in 1799, and was used by the military until 2000. It was listed
in 1973 by the city as a historical container. In 2007, the buildings were abandoned by the MoD. In
2009, partnership occurred and the buildings had to be sold for transformation. The site is now
occupied by a company for social and political purposes.

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2. Site analysis
2.1 Constraints
Hydro-geological needs
The site doesnt have any noteworthy problems regarding the hydro-geological needs.
Nature and landscape constraints
The area is enclosed with buildings and is only accessible via the southeast side of the
quarter
The area has little to no green space within the quarter but is in close proximity to green
spaces such as: Margheritas Garden Giardino del Baraccano and Giardino Santa Teresa
Verzeri and furthermore is located near Piazza del Baraccano.
Historical and archeological constraints
The site is a former military base and is therefore part of the cultural heritage of the city. This
impedes us in our ability to make spatial interventions. Additionally, buildings automatically become
a monument after 50 years and cannot be demolished.
2.2 Landscape, History & Archaeology
Nature and landscape
Bologna is a very green city close to the hills. Also, inside the centre there are lots of parks and open
spaces. The biggest parks are the Giardini Margherita, Parco San Pellegrino and Parco di Villa Ghigi.
All over the city you can find green gardens at the top of the houses.
Historical and archaeological aspects
Bologna or Felsina, how the city was called in the 6th century, is a very old city. Mostly every building
has a history and is protected. The most important historical buildings are the two towers of Bologna,
the Piazza Maggiore with the fountain of Neptune and the Basilica of San Petronio.
2.3 Accessibility
Highways Via Santo Stephano, Via Orfeo, Via del
Baraccano, Via Borgolocci
Street lighting Some street lighting surrounding development
Pavements No pavements, just street walking
Parking Public car park, street parking
Bus station 3 close bus stops
Train station Centrale Stazione (Bologna)
Cycle path There are cycle paths but they are interrupted.
Cycle paths are needed around and through the
site
Public transportation network 3 closest bus stations

The city of Bologna is well served by its infrastructure. There is an airport, Guglielmo Marconi
International Airport, in the northwest of the city. Next to the centre is the main train station, which
is an important connection from Bologna to Firenze, Verona and Milano.
Bologna also has a good connection to the highways to Milano, Padua and Taranto.
All around the city is a good bus connection. The buses pass the stations every 20 minutes and in the
night there is a night bus.
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Most of the streets have walkways and the road crossings are controlled by traffic lights or by
pedestrian crossings. Sometimes there are differences in the altitude between the walkways and the
street. The cyclists can only use a few cycle paths and most of them are not connected.
2.4 Sustainable mobility and public facilities
In the quarter of Santo Stefano are lots of narrow streets without bicycle pathways or sidewalks.
Most of the streets are one-way streets. Close to the Caserma Masini is a huge public square, which
is used as a public parking area. This square, Piazza Baraccano, belongs to the church Madonna del
Baraccano. On the other side of the street Giovanni Gozzadini is a huge public park, the Giardini
Margherita.
2.5 Functions / Destinations
The facilities and services map shows all the main facilities and services that serve the area. All
schools, playgrounds, churches, a mosque, parks, gardens and shops are marked. Also a hospital, a
doctor, dentist and a pharmacy is located. In the quarter Santo Stefano most of the uses are
residential, because many people live in this area. There are also a few small shops for daily use and
some cafes, bars and restaurants. In this area of the city are very few factories.
2.6 Time
Caserma Masini is used differently during the day. On Wednesdays and Sundays there is a market in
the courtyard which is visited by approximately 700 people. The market starts at 17.00 in the winter
and 17.30 in the summer. However, most days, the area is locked and not used by the public. A locale
initiative manages the area and organizes the market, some concerts during the evenings and they
are also renovating some parts of the buildings. Even some of these people live in the houses
illegally.













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3. SWOT: Area
Strengths
Near the city center
Near to the Margharitas Gardens
One of the richest Neighborhoods in
Bologna
Co-working areas
Infrastructure
Vegetable Patches
Open space
Market Days
Close to Viasanto Stefano
Community meetings
Weaknesses
Owned 80% state, 20% private
Narrow streets
Enclosed by the gates/secluded
Child unfriendly
Unpaid labor
Part of development is protected
Limited parking
Opportunities
Employment
Wealth Creation
Education
Connecting people
Providing for young people
More social space/green infrastructure
More facilities/services to the area
Betterment of the area
Threats
Market risks/investment/profit
Social stigma
Over population of the area/crowding
Traffic
Pressure on existing amenities












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4. Spectrum Appraisal: Before Site
Development

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5. Policies
5.1 PSC Bologna Structural Plan
The PSC is the municipal structure plan and creates a new vision for Bologna and its seven cities..
The two relevant seven cities to the Caserma Masini site are The City of Hills and The two cities
of the Via Emilia. The City of the hills seeks to enhance the accessibility and connections within the
city. The two cities of the Via Emilia states that we should maintain and care for the historic buildings
and infrastructure. As it has already been noted, the Caserma Masini site lies in the historic centre
of Bologna and all buildings that are considered to be monuments must be protected and restored.
The two cities of Via Emilia also aims to connect the east of Bologna to the city centre by reducing
private traffic, improving public transport systems, and introducing more car parking.
5.2 PUV
Requirements of the site:
- See chapter 7
Municipality agreement:
The developer of the site must incorporate an educational institution for children within the
complex. This structure will contain three educational sections, totaling approximately 1,000 m. The
school cannot be any more than 2 floors due to the age of the children.
5.3 RUE Town planning & building regulations
The RUE sets out the regulations for development within Bologna. It sets out the specific regulations
for what can and cannot be done to buildings. Some of the regulations include dimensions of spaces
required, volumes of buildings required, material uses, colours of buildings, waste management
systems and no industrial uses. For example, Building 8 on the site development can be demolished
but it must be rebuilt to the exact same volume and dimensions as before.
5.4 Other Housing Policies
The housing policies we must take into account set from the Municipality of Bologna include:
Social Housing policies for low-income households
In order to apply for low-income housing certain conditions must be met in order to apply:
To have an income which is on average 1000 euros or less per month and with no
ownership of any properties
You must be living or working in Bologna.
A.M.A. - Metropolitan Agency for dwellings to rent
It is a private-public agreement to provide dwellings to rent at a reduced price to affect the market
price and help the middle income households. It allows for the cost to be reduced by about 30%.
If the tenants dont pay their rent, the landlord will be paid the money by the municipality.




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6. SWOT: policies and local initiatives
6.1 Strengths
Social Housing must be incorporated into urban planning
By law it is essential that social housing must be incorporated into urban planning. This ensures a
certain priority for social housing and will in turn help to increase the amount of social housing in
Italy as a whole.
The Italian social housing system includes multiple levels
Social housing in Italy is divided into two different systems, namely the ERP and the ERS, with the
former being the public housing system and the latter the social housing system. Both systems target
different groups and by doing so the system is more accurate in tending to peoples needs and
creates urgency for those who need it the most.
Areas reserved for social housing must be given away for free
According to Italian law; parcels of land intended for social housing have to be given to the
developing parties. This incentivizes people who want to develop for the ERP sector.

6.2 Weaknesses
The lower echelons of the middle class are left out of existing policies
Both the ERP and the ERP predominately focus on the poorest part of the population. The middle
class however has become poorer since the start of the financial crisis. The middle class and their
lower echelons in particular are significantly affected in their ability to house themselves on the
private market.
Lackluster implementation of the existing policies
Even though there are policies in place for social housing the implementation of said policies arent
being used to their full potential. Part of this is because of the lack of set criteria regarding the need
for social housing.
Lack of oversight regarding the financial situation of occupants of social housing
The need for social housing in Italy is at a high point. Because of this it is imperative that the existing
social housing stock is being occupied by those who are in need of it the most. However, there is no
way of checking the financial situation of the current occupants. This causes huge problems as
people who werent able to house themselves on the private market and therefore got appointed a
social dwelling may have had a change in financial circumstances allowing them to purchase a house
on the private market, yet, they still remain in social housing.
6.3 Opportunities
Set criteria for social housing
In the current situation there is no set criteria for social housing. The need for social housing is
present but policies that dictate the volume of the social housing stock are not. By setting criteria for
social housing youll ensure the facilitating of social housing to the best of your abilities. Setting a
threshold for the amount of social housing an area has to contain, which should be set at a municipal
level will prevent the dislodgment of people who cant house themselves on the private market.
Reduce social stigma on social housing with regard to the strong income divide
By targeting different target groups we can work towards reducing the poverty gap. This will enable
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us to create a community that is represented by both the lower, middle and upper class echelons of
the society.
6.4 Threats
No clear public mission for developers
There is no clear public mission for developers in the Italian spatial planning system. Even though
20% of every development has to contain social housing there is no clear mission towards achieving
social housing on a broader scale. This plays into the fact that there is no culture of non-profit
organizations in the Italian spatial system such as Dutch housing corporations.
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7. Criteria for effective & sustainable
housing policies


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8. Our inspirations
Organic Development
- Holzmarkt (Berlin, Germany)
o Community building
o Revitalizing derelict areas
o Community led












- Coehoorn (Arnhem, The Netherlands)
o No government involvement
o No bureaucracy
o Community building
o Community led






















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Sustainable development
- Vauban (Freiburg, Germany)
o Energy friendly development














Mixed living
- Malburgen (Arnhem, The Netherlands)
o Social housing for different social classes
o Mixed housing of both rental and private owned housing











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NGO facilitated housing
- Dutch housing corporations
o Non-profit organizations facilitating housing






Green space
- Vegetable patches (Padago, China)
o Green space within an urban area



Green space
- Vegetable patches (Padago, China)
o Green space within an urban area












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9. Framework
Platform Caserma Masini
Platform Caserma Masini is a non-profit organization that aims to create a sustainable community
where people of all social statuses can thrive in an active and vibrant community. They are tasked
with providing social and affordable housing for the Caserma Masini quarter. The platform has four
main pillars.

These pillars are the main focus points for Platform Caserma Masini. Platform Caserma Masini hopes
to realize these focus points by developing housing for three different target groups. By combining
public functions, commercial functions and different types of housing, Caserma Masini has the
potential to become a vibrant and active community. It gives people the ability to grow within their
own community and climb the social ladder without leaving the community.
The platform is tasked with providing communal amenities and maintaining the quarter as a whole
and will acquire leasehold rights to the quarter for the coming 50 years. Since the platform doesnt
generate enough capital from the social and affordable housing to be financially viable, the platform
has to expand its activities to supplement its cash flow. The platform has three methods for
supplementing its cash flow:
- It will open a restaurant & bar
- It will open a hostel
- It will sell units on the private market intended for the lower echelons of the middle class
The commercial functions will provide the quarter with an influx of activity both during the day and
at night. These enterprises will also provide jobs for the residents and therefore help with the
sustainability of the area as well as the community involvement. Furthermore, the platform will
provide the residents with a forum to voice their wishes and needs regarding the spatial quality of
the quarter and contribute to the maintaining of the quarter.
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10. Master plan

Site Plan
Demolishing two small buildings next to greenhouse to make space to enlarge the new hostel
Refurbishing all other buildings and building inside to create apartments, classrooms etc.
Green roof on top of restaurant
Solar panels on top of buildings that are not protected
Refurbishing porticos
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Knocking part of building 3 down to make way for a new entrance
Knocking buildings down between greenhouse and new school to make way for a new
entrance
11. Spectrum Appraisal: After site
development






















The spectrum appraisal after the site development demonstrates that the area has improved in all 3
aspects of environment, economy and social. Some of the most significant changes include: job
opportunities, deprivation level, mixed use, housing type& tenure, co-operation and community
involvement.
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12. Phasing


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13. Reflections
Concluding this project we can make the following observations regarding the process, the teamwork
and the final product.
- It is imperative to take the national context into account as it may vastly differ from your
own.
- What spatial planning entails can vastly differ from country to country. This will influence the
way you look at a project.
- Detailed information is hard to obtain, this can influence the overall strength of both your
analysis and the master plan.
- Given our time limit getting to a satisfying end product will always be difficult as you have to
make compromises given the limited time available.
- Language barriers can vastly influence and constrain the ability to use every persons skills to
the best of their abilities as it may impede someone from properly contributing to the project.
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14. References

Ministero delleconomia e delle finaze, agenzia del demanio e comune di Bologna Programma
unitario di valorizzazione di immobili pubblici (PUV Bologna), 05.03.2007
Arch. Francesco Evangelisti Presentation: Conservation and Regeneration, the Re-Use of the Masini
barracks in Bolognas historical centre. 07.03.2014
Marco Guerzoni Presentation: Housing policies and social housing issues in Bologna metropolitan
area. 06.03.2014
Museo della storia di Bologna, Citt di Bologna s.r.l. - via Manzoni, 2, Piazza Pepoli- 40121 Bologna,
URL: http://www.genusbononiae.it/index.php?pag=25. 08.03.2014
Simona Tondelli The Italian Planing System and the planning system of Emilia-Romagna Region.
06.03.2014
Patrizia Gabellini - Bologna Structural Plan (PSC). 06.03.2014
Angela Santangelo Introduction to the study-area. 07.03.2014
Social housing and urban regeneration An Italian Case study
Social Housing: The Dutch Way - Introduction to social and affordable housing in the Netherlands
Demo Istat (2009/2010) http://demo.istat.it
Comune Bologna (2012) http://comune.bologna.it
Google maps (2014) http://google.de/maps

Pictures:
Corina Paula Seracs pictures
http://www.holzmarkt.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/HolzmarktDorf.jpg
http://www.coehoorncentraal.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/coehoorn_aanleg.jpg
http://uconnoep.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/apartment-solar-pannels.jpg
http://www.agnova.nl/wp-content/uploads-agnova/05538_foto02-1024x682.jpg
http://vanscholladvies.nl/portal2/images/stories/referenties.jpg
http://www.all-hd-wallpapers.com/wallpapers/architecture/wallpaper-226566-4707272-9-
2720458.jpg



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Appendix

Project area

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Green Areas

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Infrastructures

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Equipments and services

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Masterplan

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Phasing

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Demolitons & constructions