QM3 Program for exam 2014

Questions marked by asterisk (*) are considered only briefly

1. De Broglie relations,
particles - wave,
energy - frequency,
momentum - wave vector.
2. Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Derivation from de Broglie relations.
"Classical uncertainties"
AAt
1
2
, Ak Ax
1
2
,
Estimation of the ground sate energy in simple systems (quantum oscillator and
beyond).
3. Schrdinger equation.
Schrdinger equation for free propagation.
Gauge invariance (very briefly, compare Q21).
Schrdinger equation in external electromagnetic field.
Stationary Schrdinger equation and boundary conditions, energy levels.
Simple examples (square potential well etc).
4. Charge and current densities.
Charge conservation and Schrdinger equation.
Interpretation of
2
.
Normalization of .
5. Quantum oscillator.
Operators of creation and annihilation.
Hamiltonian in terms of these operators.
The ground state energy and the wave function.
Construction of the complete spectrum, i.e. all energy levels and their wave func-
tions.
Matrix elements of a

, a
+
, x, p

.
6. Semiclassical approximation.
Wave function.
Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition.
Wave function in the classically forbidden region.
Wave function in the classically forbidden region.
Gamov theory of nuclear decay (briefly).
7. Correspondence between particular classical laws and quantum identities
existing for corresponding matrix elements.
Classical relation
dr
d
= r .
Classical relation
dv
d
= a .
Classical law ma VU .
8. Basic properties of Schrdinger equation.
Bra-ket notation
Herniation conjugation of r, p

, H

and similar operators.

Commutation relations between basic operators including
r
i,
p

j
= i
ij
, r
i,
p
2
= 2 i p

i
and similar ones.
Orthonormality of the system of the wave functions.
Real valued wave functions for B = 0.
Independent systems. Sum of Hamiltonians product of wave functions.
Schrdinger equation for many-body systems.
9. Central field.
Spherical harmonics and orbital momentum.
Representation
r = Rr Y
l,m
, .
Classification ( s,p,d,f,g,h ...) of orbital states.
Schrdinger equation for Rr. Normalization of Rr.
Centrifuginal potential in CM and QM, similarities and distinctions.
Schrdinger equation for the function Pr = r Rr.
Boundary conditions for Pr. Normalization of Pr.
10. Coulomb problem.
Schrdinger equation for radial functions R
n l
r and P
n l
r in the Coulomb problem.
Boundary conditions on R
n l
r and P
n l
r for localized states.
Reduction to the Whittaker equation.
Solutions of the Whittaker equation, which satisfy the boundary conditions.
Coulomb energy levels for bound states.
Coulomb wave functions of the bound states (*).
Degeneracy of the Coulomb problem.
11. Atoms and molecules (*)
2 program-exam-2014.nb

11. Atoms and molecules (*)

Rough estimates for energy levels of inner and outer electrons.
Typical area (size) of localization of the outer and inner atomic electrons.
12. Variational method
Variational minimum for the ground state energy.
13. Hartree - Fock method
Hartree - Fock approach for the ground state of Helium 1 s
2
. Comparison of HF with
the simple exponential approximation for the single-particle wave function.
Hartree - Fock approximation for 1s2s singlet and triplet states of Helium, compare
Q19 (*).
14. Homogeneous static magnetic field
Schrdinger equation for a charged (but spinless) particle in a static homogeneous
magnetic field.
Landau gauge for the vector potential.
Reduction of the problem to the quantum oscillator.
Landau levels.
Landau levels for electrons, role of spin (compare electron g-factor in Q-20). Degener-
acy of the Landau spectrum.
15. Perturbation theory
Stationary perturbation theory.
First-order approximation for the energy and wave function.
Hellmann Feynmantheorem (*).
Second-order approximation for the energy.
Second-order correction for the ground-state energy.
"Repulsion" between close energy levels.
Perturbation under periodic perturbations, reduction to the stationary problem (*).
16. Applications of perturbation theory
Weak static homogeneous electric field. Polarizability.
Weak static homogeneous magnetic field (*).
17. Fermi golden rule
Radiative decay of the excited atomic level (*).
18. Orbital momentum and spin
Operator of angular momentum L.
Commutation relation L
i
, L
j
= i
i j k
L
k
.
Eigenvalues l, m and the eignfunctions Y
l,m
, for L
2
and L
z
.
Pauli matrixes
i
.
Spin operators S
i
.
program-exam-2014.nb 3
Spin operators S
i
.
Commutation relations S
i
, S
j
= i
i j k
S
k
.
Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of S
z
and S
2
.
19. Fermi and Bose statistics
Identity of particles.
Symmetry of the probability in relation to interchange of particles.
Symmetry of the wave function in relation to interchange of particles for Fermi or
Bose particles.
Role of spin (*).
The wave function for two electrons when spin interaction is negligible
Radial and spin parts of the wave function.
The antisymmetric and simmetric spin wave functions for singlet S=0 and
triplet S=1 states.
The simmetric and antisymmetric coordinate wave function for S=0 and S=1
(compare "excited states of Helium" in Q 13).
Hund's rule in atoms, spin states in two-atom molecules, origins of magnetiza-
tion in condense matter (*).
20. Pauli equation
Spin interaction with magnetic field.
Classical relation between the magnetic dipole moment and the orbital momentum.
Violation of the classical relation for the spin. Electron g-factor g
e
= 2.
Electron in a weak magnetic field, compare Q 16 (*).
21. Gauge invariance (**).
4 program-exam-2014.nb