Contents

5. Drugs in Feeds

List of Changes for the 19th Edition, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . iii

Important Notices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
About the Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Guide to Method Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Definition of Terms and Explanatory Notes . . . . . . . . xvii
AOAC Official MethodsSM Program . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Standard Method Performance Requirements . . . . . . . xxvii

5.1
5.2
5.3

FeedsGeneral Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chemical Methods for Antibiotics. . . . . . . . . 44
Microbiological Methods
for Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Common and Chemical Names of Drugs . . . . . . . . . 88

6. Disinfectants
1. Agricultural Liming Materials
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

Liming MaterialsGeneral. . . .
Calcium Silicate Slags . . . . . .
Gravimetric Elemental Analyses .
Chelometric Elemental Analyses .
Colorimetric Elemental Analyses .

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6.1
6.2
6.3

1
3
4
6
6

7. Pesticide Formulations
7.1
7.2

General Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Inorganic and Organometallic Pesticides
and Adjuvants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.3
Fungicides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.4
Herbicides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.5
Pesticides Related to Natural Products
and Their Synergists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7.6
Organohalogen Pesticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
7.7
Thiophosphorus and Other
Organophosphorus Pesticides . . . . . . . . . . 104
7.8
Miscellaneous Pesticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Common and Chemical Names of Pesticides . . . . . . 136

2. Fertilizers
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

FertilizersGeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Phosphorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Other Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Peat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3. Plants
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7

8. Hazardous Substances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

General Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Individual Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Nonmetals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Other Constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

9. Metals and Other Elements at Trace Levels

in Foods
9.1
9.2

Multielement Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Single Element Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

10. Pesticide and Industrial Chemical Residues

10.1 General Multiresidue Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 1
10.2 Organochlorine Residues . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
10.3 Organophosphorus Residues. . . . . . . . . . . . 35
10.4 Fumigant Residues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
10.5 Carbamate Residues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.6 Individual Residues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10.7 Pesticides in Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
10.8 Pesticides in Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Common and Chemical Names of Pesticides . . . . . . 140

4. Animal Feed
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10

Phenol Coefficient Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Hard Surface Carrier Test Methods . . . . . . . . . 6
Other Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Animal FeedGeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Urea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Sugars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

11. Waters; and Salt

11.1
ix

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2012 AOAC INTERNATIONAL

11.2

18. Drugs: Part I

Salt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

12. Microchemical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

18.1 General Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

18.2 Solvents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
18.3 Halogenated Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
18.4 Inorganic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
18.5 Antihistamines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
18.6 Alkanolamines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
18.7 Phenethylamines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
18.8 Aminobenzoates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
18.9 Synthetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
18.10 Microchemical Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
18.11 Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
18.12 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
18.13 Antifungal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
18.14 Antiparkinsonian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
18.15 Antihypertensive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Common and Chemical Names of Drugs . . . . . . . . . 59

13. Radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
14. Veterinary Analytical Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
15. Cosmetics
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6

General Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Deodorants and Antiperspirants. . . . . . . . . . . 6
Depilatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Face Powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Hair Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Suntan Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

16. Extraneous Materials: Isolation

16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.10
16.11
16.12
16.13
16.14
16.15
16.16
16.17
16.18
16.19

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Beverages and Beverage Materials . . . . . . . . . 11
Dairy Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Nuts and Nut Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Grains and Their Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Baked Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Breakfast Cereals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Eggs and Egg Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Poultry, Meat, and Fish and Other
Marine Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Fruits and Fruit Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Snack Food Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Sugars and Sugar Products . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Vegetables and Vegetable Products . . . . . . . . . 37
Spices and Other Condiments . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Animal Excretions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Mold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Fruits and Fruit Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Vegetables and Vegetable Products . . . . . . . . . 75

19. Drugs: Part II

19.1 Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
19.2 Phenolic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
19.3 Analgesics and Antipyretics . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
19.4 Hypnotics and Sedatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
19.5 Anticoagulants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
19.6 Sulfonamides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
19.7 Thiazides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
19.8 Other Sulfur-Containing Drugs . . . . . . . . . . 30
Common and Chemical Names of Drugs . . . . . . . . . 36

20. Drugs: Part III

20.1 Opium Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
20.2 Tropane Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
20.3 Xanthine Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
20.4 Ipecac Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
20.5 Ephedra Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
20.6 Ergot Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
20.7 Physostigmine Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
20.8 Chinchona Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
20.9 Rauwolfia Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
20.10 Other Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
20.11 Digitalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
20.12 Other Natural Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Common and Chemical Names of Drugs . . . . . . . . . 35

17. Microbiological Methods

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
17.10
17.11
17.12
17.13
17.14
17.15

Eggs and Egg Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chilled, Frozen, Precooked,
or Prepared Foods, and Nutmeats . . . . . . . . . . 4
Coliforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Escherichia coli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Staphylococcus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Sterility (Commercial) of Foods
(Canned, Low Acid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Clostridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Bacillus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Salmonella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Listeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Vibrio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Somatic Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Bacillus anthracis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
General Screening Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 279

2012 AOAC INTERNATIONAL

21. Drugs: Part IV

21.1 Natural Estrogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
21.2 Synthetic Estrogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
21.3 Progestational Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
21.4 Adrenocortico Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
21.5 Thyroid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Common and Chemical Names of Drugs . . . . . . . . . 15

22. Drugs: Part V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Common and Chemical Names of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . 7
x

23. Drugs and Feed Additives in Animal Tissues . . . 1

33.6
33.7
33.8

Common and Chemical Names of Drugs . . . . . . . . . 27

Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts . . . . . . . . . . 95

24. Forensic Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

34. Eggs and Egg Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

25. Baking Powders and Baking Chemicals . . . . . . . 1

35. Fish and Other Marine Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

26. Distilled Liquors

36. Flavors

26.1
26.2

Spirits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Cordials and Liqueurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

36.1
36.2
36.3

27. Malt Beverages and Brewing Materials

27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.9

36.4
36.5
36.6

Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Malt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Cereal Adjuncts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Brewing Sugars and Syrups . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Wort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Yeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Brewers Grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

37. Fruits and Fruit Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

38. Gelatin, Dessert Preparations, and Mixes . . . . . . . 1
39. Meat and Meat Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

28. Wines
28.1
28.2
28.3

40. Nuts and Nut Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

41. Oils and Fats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Preservatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Flavors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

42. Vegetable Products, Processed

29. Nonalcoholic Beverages and Concentrates. . . . . . . . 1

42.1
42.2
42.3

30. Coffee and Tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

31. Cacao Bean and Its Products
31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.5

32.3
32.4
32.5

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Shell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chocolate Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Fat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Other Constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

44. Sugars and Sugar Products

44.1
44.2
44.3
44.4
44.5

Wheat Flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Wheat, Rye, Oats, Corn, Buckwheat, Rice,
Barley, and Soybeans and Their Products
Except Cereal Adjuncts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Baked Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Macaroni, Egg Noodles, and Similar
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

44.6
44.7

Sugars and Syrups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Molasses and Molasses Products . . . . . . . . . 18
Confectionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Honey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Maple, Sap, Maple Syrup, Maple
Syrup Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Sugar Beets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Corn Syrups and Other Starch Derived
Sweeteners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

45. Vitamins and Other Nutrients

45.1
45.2
45.3
45.4

33. Dairy Products

33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5

Canned Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Dried Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Frozen Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

43. Spices and Other Condiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

32. Cereal Foods

32.1
32.2

General Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Vanilla Extract and Its Substitutes . . . . . . . . . . 1
Lemon, Orange, and Lime Extracts,
Flavors, and Oils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Almond Extract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Cassia, Cinnamon, and Clove Extracts . . . . . . 24
Flavor Extracts and Toilet
Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Evaporated and Condensed Milk . . . . . . . . . 70
Dried Milk, Nonfat Dry Milk,
and Malted Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Chemical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Microbiological Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Bioassay Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Nutritionally Related Components . . . . . . . . . 86

46. Color Additives

46.1
46.2
46.3
xi

Separation and Identification of Color

Additives in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics . . . . . 1
Intermediates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Subsidiary and Lower Sulfonated Dyes . . . . . . 21
2012 AOAC INTERNATIONAL

46.4
46.5
46.6

Appendix D

Metals and Other Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Halogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Guidelines for Collaborative Study Procedures to

Validate Characteristics of a Method of Analysis . . . . . 1

47. Food Additives: Direct

Appendix E
47.1
47.2
47.3
47.4
47.5
47.6

General Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Antioxidants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chemical Preservatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Emulsifying Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Laboratory Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Appendix F
Guidelines for Standard Method Performance
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

48. Food Additives: Indirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Appendix G

49. Natural Toxins

49.1
49.2
49.3
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
49.10
49.11

Procedures and Guidelines for the Use of AOAC

Voluntary Consensus Standards to Evaluate
Characteristics of a Method of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 1

Mycotoxins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Aflatoxins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Aflatoxin M1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Deoxynivalenol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Fumonisins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Ochratoxins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Patulin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Sterigmatocystin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Zearalenone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Seafood Toxins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Plant Toxins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Appendix H
Probability of Detection (POD) as a Statistical Model
for the Validation of Qualitative Methods . . . . . . . . . 1

Appendix I
AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee
Guidelines for Validation of Biological Threat Agent
Methods and/or Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

50. Infant Formulas, Baby Foods,

and Enteral Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Appendix J

51. Dietary Supplements

51.1
51.2
51.3
51.4
51.5
51.6
51.7
51.8
51.9

AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee

Guidelines for Validation of Microbiological Methods
for Food and Environmental Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Ephedra Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Glucosamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
b-Carotene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Ginkgo biloba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Saw Palmetto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Aristolochic Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Goldenseal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Enzymes/Coenzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Lycopene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Appendix K
Guidelines for Dietary Supplements and Botanicals . . . . 1

Appendix L
AOAC Recommended Guidelines for Stakeholder Panel
on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN)
Single-Laboratory Validation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Appendix A

Appendix M

Standard Solutions and Reference Materials . . . . . . . . 1

Validation Procedures for Quantitative Food Allergen

ELISA Methods: Community Guidance and Best
Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Appendix B
Laboratory Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Appendix C

Index of Method Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Reference Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2012 AOAC INTERNATIONAL

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