Index 1/2: Natives Neg Emory ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab

Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab

Index 1/2
Index 1/2......................................................................................................................................................................................................1
Expanati!n.................................................................................................................................................................................................."
# $ %in& $ 1n'...............................................................................................................................................................................................4
# $ %in& $ s!ve(eign entities........................................................................................................................................................................)
*!ve(t+ $ ,- s!ving....................................................................................................................................................................................
*!ve(t+ $ ,- s!ving.................................................................................................................................................................................../
*!ve(t+ $ 0nive(sa *ans 1ai.....................................................................................................................................................................2
Native E'!n $ I3p(!ving.............................................................................................................................................................................4
Native E'!n $ i3p(!ving...........................................................................................................................................................................15
Native E'!n $ Link t6(n.............................................................................................................................................................................11
Native E'!n $ 7t 8a6se............................................................................................................................................................................12
H6nge( $ s!ving n!9................................................................................................................................................................................1"
7'!:!is3 $ ,!ven'+ ;ais......................................................................................................................................................................14
7'!:!is3 $ 7t 8a6se.............................................................................................................................................................................1)
7'!:!is3 $ N! Mpx...............................................................................................................................................................................1.
<i!en'e 7ns $ N! IL................................................................................................................................................................................1/
<i!en'e 7ns $ 7t 8a6se..........................................................................................................................................................................12
<i!en'e 7ns - Inevitabe..........................................................................................................................................................................14
<i!en'e 7/g W!3en $ N! IL...................................................................................................................................................................25
<i!en'e 7/g W!3en $ 7t 8a6se.............................................................................................................................................................21
<i!en'e 7/g W!3en $ N! ,!ven'+........................................................................................................................................................22
,!ve(eignt+ 7ns $ Link #6(n....................................................................................................................................................................2"
,!ve(eignt+ 7ns $ N! Mpx.......................................................................................................................................................................24
Heat:'a(e $ Inev.......................................................................................................................................................................................2)
Rene9abes $ '!3ing n!9........................................................................................................................................................................2.
Rene9abes $ Expanding !n I8 n!9.........................................................................................................................................................2/
Wind Ene(g+ $ Expanding !n I8 n!9.......................................................................................................................................................22
Miita(+ D7 $ 1n' ink...............................................................................................................................................................................24
Miita(+ D7 $ *!ve(t+ Indians se(ving................................................................................................................................................."5
Miita(+ D7 $ E3p!+3ent Indians ,e(ving........................................................................................................................................"1
Miita(+ D7 $ Indians ,e(ve......................................................................................................................................................................"2
Miita(+ D7 $ Indians ,e(ve......................................................................................................................................................................""
Miita(+ D7 $ Mpx #6(ns t:e 8ase..........................................................................................................................................................."4
*!iti's $ H8 0np!p6a(............................................................................................................................................................................")
*!iti's $ H8 0np!p6a(............................................................................................................................................................................".
*!iti's $ Heping Natives *!p6a(............................................................................................................................................................"/
*!iti's $ Heping Natives $ =O* s6pp!(ts..............................................................................................................................................."2
*!iti's $ H8 *!p6a(................................................................................................................................................................................."4
*!iti's $ Indians *!9e(;6........................................................................................................................................................................45
N6ke Waste D7 $ 1n'...............................................................................................................................................................................41
N6ke Waste D7 $ *!ve(t+ > 7''ept Waste..............................................................................................................................................42
N6ke Waste D7 $ *!ve(t+ > 7''ept Waste..............................................................................................................................................4"
N6ke Waste D7 $ ,t!(age ke+ t! N6ke Ene(g+........................................................................................................................................44
N6ke Waste D7 $ te((!( 3px....................................................................................................................................................................4)
N6ke Waste D7 $ ,!ves Wa(3ing..........................................................................................................................................................4.
N6ke Waste D7 $ N6ke Ene(g+ s!ves De3and......................................................................................................................................4/
N6ke Waste D7 $ Y6''a s!ves................................................................................................................................................................42
8!3pa'ts 8* $ 1n'....................................................................................................................................................................................44
8!3pa'ts 8* $ ,!'ia ,e(vi'es ,!ven'+.................................................................................................................................................)5
8!3pa'ts 8* $ ,tates giving se(vi'es n!9...............................................................................................................................................)1
8!3pa'ts 8* ? s!ven'+ $ e;;i'ient/'!3p(e:ensive.................................................................................................................................)2
8!3pa'ts 8* $ s!ve s!ve(eignt+..............................................................................................................................................................)"
8!3pa'ts 8* $ Envi(!n3ent ,!ven'+.....................................................................................................................................................)4
8!3pa'ts 8* $ *e(3 7ns..........................................................................................................................................................................))
*#8 8* $ 1n'.............................................................................................................................................................................................).
1
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
*#8 8* $ Rene9abe Ene(g+...............................................................................................................................................................)/
*#8 8* $ E'!n @ 1ede(a Obigati!n.......................................................................................................................................................)2
*#8 8* $ ,!ves *!ve(t+..........................................................................................................................................................................)4
*#8 8* - E'!n!3i' =(!9t:..................................................................................................................................................................5
*#8 8* - E'!n!3i' =(!9t:..................................................................................................................................................................1
*#8 8* $ s!ves s!ve(eignt+......................................................................................................................................................................2
*#8 8* $ 3!deed......................................................................................................................................................................................"
*#8 $ *!iti's $ *!p6a(.............................................................................................................................................................................4
=ive t:e Land Aa'k 8* $ s!ves gen!'ide.................................................................................................................................................)
=ie t:e Land Aa'k 8* $ s!ves p!ve(t+......................................................................................................................................................
%Indian 8!6nt(+& $ !;;ensive....................................................................................................................................................................../
%Native 73e(i'an& $ !;;ensive...................................................................................................................................................................2
%Rese(vati!n& $ !;;ensive...........................................................................................................................................................................4
R:et!(i'/Dis'!6(se 8!3es 1i(st................................................................................................................................................................/5
R:et!(i'/Dis'!6(se 8!3es 1i(st................................................................................................................................................................/1
R:et!(i'/Dis'!6(se 8!3es 1i(st................................................................................................................................................................/2
#(iba Na3es Aette(.................................................................................................................................................................................../"
%73e(i'an Indian& Aette(........................................................................................................................................................................../4
%Native 73e(i'an& bette(........................................................................................................................................................................../)
7;; $ p!ve(t+ Hig:...................................................................................................................................................................................../.
7;; $ Miita(+ D7 N! Link........................................................................................................................................................................//
7;; $ *!iti's Link N/0............................................................................................................................................................................../2
7;; $ Link N/0.........................................................................................................................................................................................../4
7;; $ 72 %Na3e& B(itiks...........................................................................................................................................................................25
2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Explanation
#:e(e is n! !ne (eading a natives a;; at t:is 'a3p s! it did n!t 3ake 36': sense t! spend a b6n': !; ti3e 9(iting b!'ks and ;ixing
t:at !6t. InsteadC t:is ;ie s:!6d se(ve as a g(eat sta(ting p!int ;!( '!nst(6'ting a negative against Natives a;;s t:at +!6 9i :ea(
d6(ing t:e +ea(.
#:e 1i(st se'ti!n is a # vi!ati!n t:at Natives !9n t:ei( !9n and s! t:e p:(ase %in t:e 0nited ,tates& ex'6des t:e3. W:ie t:e+
a(e ge!g(ap:i'a+ WI#HIN t:e 6nited states $ t:e+ a(e n!t %9it:in t:e b!6nd !( i3its !;.& *(!bab+ needs s!3e 3!(e # 9!(k !n
exa't+ :!9 !ne '!6d ike t! de;ine DinE ;!( t:e '!ntext !; t:is vi!ati!n.
,e'ti!n 2 is (ea+ a b6n': !; 'ase ans9e(s ;!( anti'ipated advantages. #:e s!ve(eignt+ st6;; needs a g!!d dea 3!(e 9!(k as d!
t:e spe'i;i' p!ve(t+ advantages.
Disad inks '!3p!se t:e next se'ti!n. #:e Miita(+ D7 inks a(e p:en!3enaC t:e *!iti's inks a(e p(ett+ g!!d b!t: 9a+s. #:e
N6ke Waste Disad is F6st a %p!ve(t+ 3eans Natives a''ept deas t! st!(e !6( 9aste 9:i': is g!!d b/' 9aste is vita t! expanding
t:e n6'ea( p!9e( ind6st(+. L!!king ;!( i3pa'ts t! n6ke p!9e( s:!6d sta(t 9it: ast +ea(s t!pi'. In ;a'tC I beieve it 9as an ENDI
8a3p a;; s! it s:!6dnEt be t!! te((ib+ di;;i'6t t! ;ind a ;e9 t! d! t:at.
#:e 8!6nte(pan se'ti!n in'6des seve(a spe'i;i' ideas $
8!3pa'ts 8* $ t:is :as t:e ,tates neg!tiate a t(eat+ 9it: t:e t(ibes. It is di;;e(ent t:an t:e standa(d states 'p b/' it t(eats t:e3 ike
a s!ve(eign nati!n 9:i': is a eve !; (espe't even g(eate( t:an t:e pan.
#:e *#8 8* takes an a;; idea ;(!3 ast +ea(. It extends t:e tax '(edit t! natives t! a!9 t:e3 t! deve!p (ene9abe !n t:ei( and.
It s!ves a !; t:e advantages tea3s 9!6d (ead. #:e disads 9!6d be !;; !; %s!'ia se(vi'es& bad. #:e !n+ !nes I 'an t:ink !;
a(e p!iti's Gt:e 1n' 'a(d is g!!dH and spending sin'e it 9!6dnEt '!st t:e 0, an+t:ing in de;i'it spending.
=ive t:e Land Aa'k is a p(!p!sa t! ite(a+ give t:e and t! native 73e(i'ans. *(ett+ '!nt(!ve(sia b6t again s!ves a !; t:e
'ase. Y!6 9!6d :ave t! a(g6e t:at it is 36t6a+ ex'6sive 9it: t:e a;;. I t:ink B tea3s 9i 9ant t! 9!(k s!3e 3!(e !n t:is
pa(ti'6a( '!6nte(pan.
,e'ti!n ) is t:e %di(t+ 9!(d& se'ti!n. Aasi'a+ I a3 int(ig6ed b+ :!9 t:e pan text (e;e(s t! %native 73e(i'ans& t:e(e a(e
p(!be3s 9it: a3!st an+ 9!(d !( 9!(ds t:at t:e a;; ':!!ses t! 6se. I added a ;e9 %(:et!(i'/ang6age ':!i'e i3p!(tant& 'a(ds t!
t:e ;ie. #:is 9!6d a!9 +!6 t! (6n a B !; t:ese a(g63ents !n t:e negative. I t:ink 7LL !; t:e3 need a itte bit 3!(e 9!(k !n
9:at t! 6se as an ate(native t! 9:ateve( t:e a;; ':!!ses t! 6se.
1ina+ t:e(e a(e s!3e a;; 'a(ds I t:!6g:t 9e(e !ka+ and I kept in t:e ;ie F6st ;!( ki'ks sin'e IE3 n!t p(inting t:is ;ie !6t ;!(
an+!ne.
=!!d 6'k g!ing neg against natives a;;s t:is +ea(.
"
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
T in 1nc
A. Interpretation IN means within
Words and Phrases !"
I<!63e 257C p. 1/J
#:e 9!(d %in& 3eans %inside !;& %9it:in t:e b!6nds !( i3its !;C& and 6nde( Rai(!ad La9 K 2.C N.L.,.7. 42M12-44C a!9ing a
(ai(!ad t! '(!ss an+ st(eet !( :ig:9a+ %in& an+ 'it+ at g(adeC 9it: t:e '!nsent !; t:e 36ni'ipa a6t:!(itiesC a b!6eva(d 3a+ be s!
'(!ssed at g(ade 9it: s6': '!nsent at a p!int 9it:in t:e 'it+C t:!6g: t:e b!6eva(d 9as b6it b+ t:e '!6nt+ a6t:!(ities and extended
;a( be+!nd t:e 'it+ i3its. A!a(d !; 8:!sen 1(ee:!de(s !; 8!6nt+ !; H6ds!n v. 8ent(a R. 8!. !; Ne9 Le(se+C )4 7. "5"C "5/C .2
N.L.EN. )55.
#. $iolation Nati%e &eser%ations are not 'o(nded ') the *nited +tates the) are their own so%erei,n territories
-A.I/0&NIA WA+TE #0A&1 23
IL!'a =!ve(n3ent 8ent(a =!ssa(+ !; #e(3s :ttpM//999.'i93b.'a.g!v/L=8ent(a/=!ssa(+/J
Indian co(ntr)4 Territor) controlled ') Nati%e American tri'al ,o%ernments is considered a so%erei,n nation. 1!( t:e
p6(p!ses !; disp!sa (ep!(tingC 9aste ;(!3 Indian 8!6nt(+ is '!nside(ed i3p!(ted 9aste and 9aste sent t! Indian 8!6nt(+ is '!nside(ed exp!(ted 9aste. 8!6nties and A!a(d-pe(3itted and;is
and t(ans;!(3ati!n ;a'iities t:at a''ept 9aste ;(!3 Indian '!6nt(+ a(e i3p!(ting 9aste. 8ai;!(nia F6(isdi'ti!ns sending 9aste t! Indian '!6nt(+ a(e exp!(ting 9aste. *ease see *6bi'
Res!6('es 8!de se'ti!n 44251
-. Topicalit) is a %otin, iss(e 'eca(se it5s a r(le AN1
1. .I6IT+ allowin, the a77 to ,i%e ser%ices to non entities within the *+ explodes a77 ,ro(nd to e%er)
co(ntr) and re,ion in the world.
2. 8&0*N1 in the *nited +tates re7ers to a speci7ic ,ro(p o7 people a'o(t which we read speci7ic
disad lin9s and case answers.
4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
T in so%erei,n entities
Indian reser%ations are their own independent territories
+(tton :; Pro7essor o7 8eo,raph) -al +tate /(llerton
I3(e s6tt!nC ,!ve(eign ,tates and t:e 8:anging De;initi!n !; t:e Indian Rese(vati!nC M =e!g(ap:i'a Revie9C <!. ..C N!. " IL6.C 14/.JC pp. 221-24)C
:ttpM//999.Fst!(.!(g/stabe/pd;p6s/21"22..pd;
On t:e !t:e( :andC (ese(vati!ns ie 9it:in b6t a(e n!t pa(t !; states and !'a 'ivi divisi!ns. H!9eve(C ;e9 s':!a(s 9!6d e((!ne!6s+ as'(ibe t! t:is and 6nit ':a(a'te(isti's !; a state !(
s!ve(eign nati!n. W:at is '!nt(asted is t:e di;;e(en'e bet9een te((it!(+ and its g!ve(n3entO t:e (ese(vati!n is pa(t !; t:e te((it!(+ !; a state b6t is 3!st !;ten independent !; t:at
g!ve(n3ent.
16(t:e( be'!6ding t:e 3eaning !; Indian (ese(vati!n is t:e ':a(a'te( !; and ad3inist(ati!n. #:e A6(ea6 !; Indian 7;;ai(s IAI7J ad3iniste(s t:e
(ese(vati!n 3!st+ as a ;ied se(vi'e a(eaC pa(t !; an eab!(ate b6(ea6'(a'+ 9it:in t:e Depa(t3ent !; t:e Inte(i!(. YetC b+ dint
!; '!nstit6ti!na p(!visi!ns and t(eatiesC stat6tesC and exe'6tive !(de(sC Indian (ese(vati!ns 36st be disting6is:ed as !t:e(
t:an ad3inist(a- tive 6nits !( ;ied se(vi'e a(eas. 7t:!6g: (ese(vati!ns a(e ad3iniste(ed !n be:a; !; t:e t(ibesC t:e t(ibes
p!ssess a6t!n!3+ !ve( t:ei( andsC :a(king ba'k t! ab!(igina stat6s as independent nati!ns and (ein;!('ed b+ t(eaties !(
ate( egisati!nC s6': as t:e Indian Re!(ganiPati!n 7't !; I4"4.4
In t:e de'ades ;!!9ing t:e ab(!gati!n !; t:e t(eat+-3aking p(a'ti'e I12/1JC t:e states :ave tended t! de;e( t! t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n- 3ent in t(iba and 3atte(sC pe(:aps !9ing 3!st+ t!
t:e ;ede(a ad3inist(ative (!e (at:e( t:an t! int(insi' state !( !'a 6nde(standing !( t! a''eptan'e !; t(iba Qinte(na s!ve(eignt+.Q A6t t:e ad3inist(ative st(6't6(e is a
;a'ade t:at !bs'6(es t:e ;6nda3enta (!e !; t(iba g!ve(n3ent !ve( its !9n te((it!(+. #:e ;a't t:at 3an+ ad3inist(at!(s in t:e past :ave vie9ed t:e
pe(sisten'e !; t(eat+ p(!visi!ns as ana':(!- nisti'C and :ave t:e(e;!(e ass63ed '!nside(abe b6(ea6'(ati' a6t:!(it+ !ve( va(i!6s
)
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Po%ert) +< sol%in,
The stim(l(s pac9a,e helps Nati%e Americans in po%ert)
=ooson> 2?:?2"> commentator and contri'(tor to in7ormational threads
G*a6 H!!s!nC %Native 73e(i'an 8!336nit+ Wi Aene;it 1(!3 ,ti366s Ai& WiPbang A6eC :ttpM//9iPbangb6e.'!3/2554/52/5//native-a3e(i'an-
'!336nit+-9i-bene;it-;(!3-sti366s-bi.p:pH
=ene(a+C speaking t:e Native 73e(i'an '!336nit+ :as 9itnessed +ea(s and +ea(s !; ;6nding nege't ;(!3 Was:ingt!n and :as
;a'ed 9!e;6 6nde(;6nding !; s':!!s and ed6'ati!n as 9e as :eat: ;a'iities. H!9eve(C t:e '6((ent e'!n!3i' sti366s bi 3a+
:ep t! p(!vide 6p t! R" bii!n in bad+ needed ;6nds t! i3p(!ve a 9ide (ange !; se(vi'es ;!( Native 73e(i'ans. W:ie t:is 3a+
9!(k !6t t! an ave(age expendit6(e !; a(!6nd R1C555 pe( Native 73e(i'anC t:ese ;6nds a(e bad+ needed t! :ep t:is i3p!(tant
seg3ent !; t:e 0.,. p!p6ati!n get t:e ed6'ati!n t:e+ need t! ;ind e3p!+3entC i3p(!ve t:e N6ait+ !; t:ei( s':!!sC and :ep t!
(ed6'e s!3e se(i!6s :eat: iss6es t:at ;a'e t:is '!336nit+C in'6ding :ig:e( (ates !; :ea(t p(!be3s and st(!kes t:an t:e gene(a
p!p6ati!n.
One big p(!be3 is t:at 9:en +!6 :ea( !pp!nents !; t:is e'!n!3i' sti366s bi atta'k 9aste;6 spending !( seek t! p(event t:e bi ;(!3 passingC vita ;inan'ia aid and
i3p(!ve3ent !; t:e Native 73e(i'an '!336nities in 73e(i'a is F6st !ne !; t:e 3an+ i3p!(tant aspe'ts !; t:is bi. #:e ;a't !; t:e 3atte(
is t:at t:e Native 73e(i'an '!336nit+ :as a(ge+ ;a'ed p!!(+ ;6nded s':!!s and :eat: se(vi'es ;!( t!! 3an+ +ea(s. 7nd t:is i3p!(tant aid t! t:e Native 73e(i'an '!336nit+ is an
i3p!(tant 3!(a 'a6se ;!( t:e 0nited ,tates g!ve(n3ent 9:i': at !ne ti3e 'a6sed t:is Native 73e(i'an '!336nit+ s! 36': deat: and dest(6'ti!nC po%ert) and !ss !; and.
#!da+C 3an+ 73e(i'ans ive in '!nditi!ns ;a( 3!(e a''eptabe and '!3;!(tabe t:an 3an+ Native 73e(i'ans ive. 7nd it is an i3p!(tant !bigati!n !; t:e 0nited ,tates g!ve(n3ent t!
;6nd Native 73e(i'an se(vi'es at s!3e eve !; eN6a pa(it+ 9it: '!3pa(abe 'it+ s':!!s !( :eat: se(vi'es sin'e it is t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent t:at 3anages t:e A6(ea6 O; Indian 7;;ai(s
and n!t 'ities 9it: !'a tax bases. Wit: s6': a :ig: po%ert) (ate in s!3e Native 73e(i'an '!336nitiesC it is n!t p!ssibe ;!( a !'a tax base :ig: en!6g: t! ;6+ ;6nd 3an+ i3p!(tant
se(vi'es s6': as ;6nding !'a ;i(e depa(t3ents !( p!i'e.
*a(t !; 9:at is s! en'!6(aging ab!6t t:e Oba3a p(esiden'+ is t:at t:is p(esident is ve(+ se(i!6s ab!6t i3p(!ving t:e e'!n!3i' standingC ed6'ati!na !pp!(t6nities and :eat: 'a(e ;6nding
;!( s! 36': !; t:e nati!nSs p!!(. #:is is in s:a(p '!nt(ast t! t:e A6s: +ea(s 9:e(e s!3e 3in!(it+ p!p6ati!ns !; t:e 0.,. a't6a+ !st 36': g(!6nd t! po%ert). 7nd t:e added p(!be3s !;
t:is se(i!6s (e'essi!n :ave as! pa'ed an additi!na st(ain !n t:e :eat: and 9e being !; 3an+ in t:e Native 73e(i'an '!336nit+.
On 3+ 3!t:e(Ss side !; 3+ ;a3i+C t:e(e a(e s!3e !; 3+ (eatives 9:! '!3e ;(!3 a ,!6t: 73e(i'an Indian ba'kg(!6nd. 7nd 9:ie t:ese (eatives d! ive 9eC n!t a pe(s!ns !; a N!(t:
!( ,!6t: 73e(i'an Indian ba'kg(!6nd ive N6ite s! 9e. #:is '6((ent p!(ti!n !; t:e e'!n!3i' sti366s bi 'a(e;6+ ta(gets ;6nding t! at east
p(!vide s!3e needed aid t! keep s!3e N!(t: 73e(i'an Native se(vi'es !pen and ;6nded. W:en !pp!nents !; t:is e'!n!3i'
sti366s bi te +!6 t:at t:e+ !pp!se t:is biC t:is is F6st pa(t !; t:e i3p!(tant se(vi'es in'6ded in t:e bi t:at need '!ntin6ed
;6nding. #:e A6(ea6 O; Indian 7;;ai(s needs '!ntin6a vita ;6nding t! keep s':!!sC :!spitas and !t:e( se(vi'es !pen. It is '!3pete+ 6na''eptabe ;!( !pp!nents !; t:e e'!n!3i'
sti366s bi t! atte3pt t! !bst(6't t:e '!ntin6ed ;6nding !; vita A6(ea6 O; Indian 7;;ai(s ,e(vi'es. <ita se(vi'es need t! (e3ain !pen. ,6': vita expendit6(es a(e :a(d+ Qp!(kQ as s!3e
'(iti's !; t:is bi s6ggest. #:is is 3e(e+ ;6nding F6st basi' se(vi'es.
-asino5s pro%ide economic 'aseline 7or reser%ations
@ress> 222A> Writer 7or the Phoenix #(siness Bo(rnal
G7da3 B(essC %8asin! 'as: s!9+ :eping (ed6'e (ese(vati!nsS p!ve(t+&C *:!enix A6siness L!6(na
:ttpM//999.biPF!6(nas.'!3/p:!enix/st!(ies/2554/12/1"/st!(+1.:t3Tpage>" UH
#(ips t:(!6g: t:e ,at Rive( (ese(vati!n and its 'asin!s and ti3e taking t! t:!se 9:! ive !n t:e andC p6t in ;!'6s t:e ext(a!(dina(+ p!ve(t+ in 9:i': 3an+ !; t:e '!336nit+Ss /C)55-p6s
pe!pe ive. *!ve(t+ is a se(i!6s p(!be3 !n (ese(vati!ns a'(!ss t:e state and t:e '!6nt(+C b6t ga3ing s!9+ is beginning t! i3p(!ve t:e
p!!( '!nditi!ns.
7s t:e ,at Rive( '!336nit+Ss t9! 'asin!s '!ntin6e t! t:(ive t! t:e t6ne !; ab!6t R225 3ii!n in (even6e ann6a+C p(!;its :ave
been 6sed t! b6id an i3p(essive ne9 :ig: s':!! and t! 3ake !t:e( i3p(!ve3ents !n t:e (ese(vati!n.
#:!se iving !n t:e ,at Rive( (ese(vati!n (e'eive nea(+ R11C555 a +ea( ;(!3 s:a(ed 'asin! p(!;itsC b6t s!3e sa+ 9:ie t:e 3!ne+
:epsC 3an+ d!nSt 6se it e;;e'tive+ and '!ntin6e t! ive in p!ve(t+.
#(iba eade(s sa+ 'asin! p(!;its g(eat+ bene;it t:e in;(ast(6't6(e !; t:e (ese(vati!nC b6t t:e t(ibe 'anSt '!nt(! 9:at individ6as d!
9it: t:ei( s:a(e. #:e pe( 'apita gi;t t! t(iba 3e3be(s see3s t! b!t: :ep and g(eat+ '!3pi'ate 3atte(s.
7n!t:e( pe(pexing (eait+ !; t:e 9idesp(ead p!ve(t+ !n t(iba and is t:e a3!6nt !; ne9 F!bs '(eated b+ ga3ing. Esti3ates s:!9
t:e 'asin!s :ave added 3!(e t:an 4C555 F!bs in t:e state. A6t !;;i'ias sa+ !n+ 4" pe('ent !; t:e 'asin! F!bs a(e ;ied b+ Native 73e(i'ansC 9:! a(e given a
p(e;e(en'e in :i(ing.
.
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Po%ert) +< sol%in,
-asino5s are impro%in, tri'al li7e now
@ress> 222A> Writer 7or the Phoenix #(siness Bo(rnal
G7da3 B(essC %8asin! 'as: s!9+ :eping (ed6'e (ese(vati!nsS p!ve(t+&C *:!enix A6siness L!6(na
:ttpM//999.biPF!6(nas.'!3/p:!enix/st!(ies/2554/12/1"/st!(+1.:t3Tpage>"UH
M!!(e is n!t a '!336nit+ 3e3be( !; t:e ,at Rive( *i3a-Ma(i'!pa Indian 8!336nit+C b6t :as 9!(ked ;!( it ;!( ;ive +ea(s. He sees t:e i3pa't !; t:e 'asin!s as
p!sitive and kn!9s t:atC !ve( ti3eC t:e+ 'an '!ntin6e t! i3p(!ve t:e !ve(a N6ait+ !; i;e !n t:e (ese(vati!n.
Q#:e p6(p!se !; ga3ing (even6es is t! s6pp!(t !6( g!ve(n3ent se(vi'es and p(!g(a3sCQ :e said. Q#(ibes st(6gge 9it: e'!n!3i'
deve!p3entC and ,amin, has 'een the one thin, thatCs wor9ed . 1!( !6( t(ibe as a 9:!eC ga3ing :as given 6s t:e !pp!(t6nit+ t!
add(ess de'ades !; nege't.Q
He 'ites t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent as t:e 3ain s!6('e !; t:e nege't.
Q#(ibes :ave neve( been given t:e s6pp!(t t:e+Sve needed ;(!3 t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3entCQ :e said. QOn+ ab!6t "5 pe('ent !; !6( 3!ne+
'!3es ;(!3 t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3entC t:e !t:e( /5 pe('ent '!3es ;(!3 !6( ente(p(ises.Q
M!!(e sa+s s':!!sC ;i(e stati!ns and (!ad (epai(s a(e bene;i'ia !;;s:!!ts ;(!3 ga3ing (even6eC n!t t! 3enti!n t:e ext(a in'!3e given di(e't+ t! '!336nit+ 3e3be(s.
#:at ext(a in'!3e ;(!3 t:e pe( 'apita s:a(ing p(!g(a3 'a3e ab!6t !n+ a;te( t(iba 'itiPens de'ided t:e+ 9anted a pie'e !; t:e ga3ing
a'ti!nC M!!(e said.
1ede(a a9 sa+s t:at !n+ a;te( s:!9ing signi;i'ant in;(ast(6't6(e i3p(!ve3ents 'an ga3ing t(ibes give !6t pe( 'apita gi;ts. #:e t(iba '!6n'i didnSt ;ee t:e i3p(!ve3ent (eN6i(e3ents
9e(e 3etC b6t 'itiPens ;!('ed t:e iss6e 9it: a ba!t p(!p!siti!n asking ;!( "5 pe('ent !; 'asin! (even6e.
On'e t:e 3eas6(e passed a '!336nit+ v!teC t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent app(!ved t:e pe( 'apita giving t! t:e t(iba 3e3be(s. #:at de'isi!n :as :ad a p(!;!6nd ;inan'ia e;;e't !n t(iba
3e3be(sC b6t it see3s t! :ave d!ne itte t! i3p(!ve ave(age iving '!nditi!ns.
Q#:e(e is sti a :ig: (ate !; s6bstan'e ab6se and gangs !n t:e (ese(vati!nC b6t t:e ga3ing 3!ne+ as! i3p(!ves t:e 3edian
in'!3eCQ M!!(e said. Q,!3e !; t:e 3!ne+ gets t:(!9n a9a+C b6t t:e(eSs as! a !t !; (esp!nsibe '!336nit+ 3e3be(s. I :ave t! give
t:e3 t:e bene;it !; t:e d!6bt.Q
Denise Evans :as t:e !pp!(t6nit+ a3!st eve(+ da+ t! see t:e dispa(it+ bet9een t:e p!ve(t+ !n 36': !; t:e (ese(vati!n and t:e 9eat: !; t:e 'asin! t:e(e. 7 ,at Rive( '!336nit+
3e3be(C Evans 9!(ks in t:e gi;t s:!p at 8asin! 7(iP!na and ives !n t:e (ese(vati!n.
,:e said t:e 'asin!s :ave :ad a n63be( !; p!sitive e;;e'ts !n t(iba i;eC in'6ding i3p(!ved :!6singC :eat: 'a(e and ed6'ati!n. A6t s:e
d!esnSt see it as a '!3pete s!6ti!n t! t:e (ese(vati!nSs is eit:e(.
/
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Po%ert) *ni%ersal Plans /ail
*ni%ersal plans 7ail di%ersit) means sol%in, 7or economies will ha%e to 'e indi%id(al
-apriccioso> :?"?222"> Washin,ton sta77 reporter at Indian -o(ntr) Toda)
GR!be(t 8ap(i''i!s!C %7 '!3pex tae t! be t!d& Indian 8!6nt(+ #!da+C :ttpM//indian'!6nt(+ne9s.net/index.p:pT
!pti!n>'!3?'!ntent@task>vie9@id>1.1)@Ite3id>24@i3it>1@i3itsta(t>5H
Ae+!nd =a3ing
W:ie t:e H!-8:6nk st!(+ is daPPing !n 3an+ ;(!ntsC t:e(e is n! !ne s6(e-;i(e 9a+ t! a':ieve s6''ess;6 t(iba e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent.
% I d!nEt t:ink t:e(e (ea+ is a !ne-siPe ;its a t+pe !; 3!deC& sa+s Aega+. %=iven t:e dive(sit+ !; Indian nati!ns $ '6t6(a+C
s!'ia+C p!iti'a+ $ t:e (!6tes t! s6''esses a(e g!ing t! be di;;e(ent and s:!6d be di;;e(ent.&
#:e Mie La's Aand !; OFib9e p(!vides F6st !ne !; 3an+ exa3pes !; 6niN6e b6siness vent6(es in Indian 8!6nt(+. In 144. t(iba eade(s
dedi'ated a p!(ti!n !; t:e t(ibeEs ga3ing (even6e t! a s3a b6siness deve!p3ent p(!g(a3. #:e p(!g(a3 invests in b6sinesses t:at a(e at east .5 pe('ent
3e3be(-!9ned and 9it:in )5 3ies !; t:e (ese(vati!n. 7s !; 2555C .5 pe('ent !; t:e "5 b6sinesses t:at :ad (e'eived assistan'e 9e(e sti in !pe(ati!n.
Like9iseC t:e Mississippi Aand !; 8:!'ta9 !;;e(s an!t:e( exa3pe !; a t(ibe ;!'6sed !n deve!ping and s6staining 6niN6e t(iba
ente(p(ises. #:e t(ibe :as 3anaged t:(!6g: t:e +ea(s t! '(eate seve(a t:(iving 3an6;a't6(ing b6sinesses ;!'6sed !n dive(se vent6(esC (anging ;(!3 a6t!3!bie deve!p3ent t!
g(eeting 'a(d p(!d6'ti!n. #:e t(ibe :as even n!9 !pened a '!6pe !; ;a't!(ies in Mexi'! 6nde( t:e N!(t: 73e(i'an 1(ee #(ade 7g(ee3ent.
#!da+C eve(+ Mississippi 8:!'ta9 'itiPen 9:! 9ants t! and 'an 9!(k :as a F!bC (ising in'!3es and standa(ds !; ivingC a''!(ding t! t(iba !;;i'ias.
2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Nati%e Econ Impro%in,
Indian reser%ations econom) is ,rowin,
Despite t:!se :a(s: (eaitiesC :!9eve(C t:e(e is g!!d ne9sC t!!. %#:e st!(+ t!da+ !; e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent in Indian 8!6nt(+ is !ne !; (apid+
g(!9ing e'!n!3ies a3!ng b!t: ga3ing and n!n-ga3ing t(ibesC& L!sep: BatC a p(!;ess!( !; inte(nati!na p!iti'a e'!n!3+ at Ha(va(d
0nive(sit+C 9(ites in t:e ne9 b!!k #:e ,tate !; t:e Native Nati!ns IOx;!(d 0nive(sit+ *(essJ. %VIndian nati!ns a(e taking :!d !; se;-dete(3inati!n and
3aking t:e 3!st !; it.&
Nati%e American casinos 'rin, economic ,rowth
,tiC 9:ie 'asin!s :ave b+ n! 3eans been a '6(e a t! end po%ert) C 3ake n! 3istakeM #:e+ :ave ed t! a3aPing e'!n!3i'
g(!9t: and even p(!spe(it+ in s!3e instan'es.
% #:e biggest t(iba e'!n!3i' st(idesC 9it:!6t a d!6btC :ave been in t:e a(ea !; ga3ingC& sa+s 8!(nis:C 9:! 9as ;!(3e(+ a
b6siness ed6'at!( at ,inte =eska 0nive(sit+.
#:e Winnebag! #(ibe !; Neb(askaC ;!( instan'eC !pened its Winna<egas 8asin! !n t(iba and nea( t:e t!9n !; ,!anC I!9aC in t:e sp(ing !; 1442. It 9as an i33ediate s6''essC p(!viding
F!bs ;!( 3!(e t:an 155 Winnebag!s and gene(ating :6ge p(!;its ;!( t:e t(ibe in its ;i(st +ea( !; !pe(ati!n.
#:e Winnebag! 6sed t:e p(!;its ;!( i3p(!ve3ents !n t:ei( (ese(vati!n $ b6iding a seni!( 'ente( and a 12-6nit apa(t3ent b6idingC ;6nding ed6'ati!na (e;!(3sC a da+'a(e 'ente(C a
p!diat(+ se(vi'e '(edited 9it: p(eventing 3an+ diabetes-(eated a3p6tati!nsC a Winnebag! ang6age and '6t6(a p(!g(a3 and a t(iba '!ege.
Hig: s':!! test s'!(es as! (!se in t:e Native st6dent p!p6ati!n and 6ne3p!+3ent (ates ;e be!9 t:e nati!na ave(age.
#:enC in 1444C t:e state !; I!9a a6t:!(iPed t:e expansi!n !; ga3ing in t:e t(ibeEs p(i3a(+ 3a(kets.
#(iba eade(s N6i'k+ (eaiPed t:at t:ei( (e3!te ga3ing !pe(ati!n 9!6d be seve(e+ a;;e'ted b+ ne9 state 'asin!s and v!ted t! expand t:e t(ibeEs b6siness !pe(ati!ns. 0ti3ate+C t:e
Winnebag! #(ibe ;!(3ed H!-8:6nkC In'. t! dive(si;+ t:e t(ibeEs invest3ents a9a+ ;(!3 ga3ing.
%O6( g!a 9as t! deve!p an ent(ep(ene6(ia '!3pan+ t:at 9as abe t! (e'!gniPe and deve!p va(i!6s e'!n!3i' !pp!(t6nities and 9as 'apabe !; 3aking N6i'k b6siness de'isi!ns t!
'apitaiPe !n t:!se !pp!(t6nitiesC& a''!(ding t! a :ist!(+ se'ti!n !n t:e Winnebag! Web site.
#:e t(ibe initia+ ;inan'ed H!-8:6nk 9it: in'!3e ;(!3 ga3ing !pe(ati!ns. 7;te( a ;e9 +ea(sC it be'a3e a stand-a!ne !pe(ati!n and 9ent !n t! sta(t 36tipe (ese(vati!n-based
'!3panies. #!da+C H!-8:6nk e3p!+s 3!(e t:an )55 pe!pe in ;!6( 3aF!( a(eas !; !pe(ati!nC in'6ding '!nst(6'ti!nC :!6singC g!ve(n3ent '!nt(a'tingC 3a(keting/3edia and
(etai/dist(ib6ti!n.
ItEs F6st t:e b(and !; Indian e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent t:at peases 8!(nis:. %Dive(si;i'ati!n in e'!n!3i' is ext(e3e+ i3p!(tantC& :e
(e;e'tsC :aving spent +ea(s 9!(king 9it: t(ibes and individ6as !n deve!ping b6siness pans. %#(+ing t! ins6ate t(ibesE ;(!3
e'!n!3i' instabiities is '(6'ia.&
Nati%e economies impro%in, now 'e)ond casinos
7s t:e '!n'ept !; se;-dete(3inati!n :as taken (!!t a'(!ss Indian 8!6nt(+C s!3e t(ibes :ave '(eated and s6pp!(ted vast t(iba
ente(p(ises t:at :ave n!t:ing t! d! 9it: 'asin!sC s6': as t:e -6i 8eda s:!pping 'ente( !; t:e #6aip #(ibesC !( t:e :ig:-v!63e
1i(eLake Dis'!6nt 1!!ds 8ente( and 1i(st Nati!na Aank and #(6st !; t:e 8itiPen *!ta9at!3i.
% N!n-ga3ing ente(p(ises a(e p(!i;e(ating (apid+ in Indian 8!6nt(+C& a''!(ding t! BatEs (esea(':. %,!3e !; t:ese a(e a(ge and
visibe $ b6t deve!p3ent is as! ;!6nded !n b6sinesses !9ned b+ p(ivate t(iba 'itiPens $ ;(!3 A6(ge( Bing ;(an':ises and
Ha3pt!n Inns t! paving '!3paniesC '!nst(6'ti!n ;i(3sC a6t!3!bie (epai( s:!psC and 'atte (an':es.&
Hist!(i'a+C t:e g!ve(n3enta se't!( It(iba and ;ede(aJ :as been t:e a(gest e3p!+e( !; 3!st t(ibesC b6t t!da+ t:e b6siness se't!( is g(!9ing in'(easing+ a(ge. In 1422C (!6g:+
1"C555 s3a b6sinesses gene(ated R)55 3ii!n in !n-(ese(vati!n (even6esC a''!(ding t! Bat. #en +ea(s ate(C t:e 0.,.
Depa(t3ent !; 8!33e('e identi;ied 152C555 Native !9ned b6sinesses. A+ 2552C t:e ;ig6(e :ad 3!(e t:an d!6bedC t! 25.C555.
Even at !ne !; t:e p!!(est t(ibes in t:e nati!n $ t:e *ine Ridge Indian Rese(vati!n $ a n63be( !; Native-!9ned b6sinesses :ave
p!pped 6p and a(e n!9 d!ing 9eC even 9it:!6t 36': di(e't s6pp!(t ;(!3 t:e Ogaa ,i!6x t(iba g!ve(n3ent. In t:is 'aseC a !'a
Indian ':a3be( !; '!33e('e is '!ab!(ating t! ;!ste( int(a-':a3be( p6(':asing and p6s:ing t! deve!p bette( t(iba e'!n!3i'
p!i'es.
8!(nis: beieves t:at a t(ibes s:!6d be !!king t! 3ake e'!n!3i' deve!p3ents be+!nd ga3ing. %#(iba 'asin!s 6s6a+ :ave t! s:a(e a a(ge pe('entage !; t:ei( (even6es 9it: states !(
'!336nitiesC& :e n!tes. %*6sC t:e(eEs a ve(+ a'tive p(!g(a3 t! expand ga3ing be+!nd Indian 8!6nt(+.&
4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Nati%e Econ impro%in,
-asinos are 'oostin, their economies
Toensin,> ;?12?2"> sta77 writer 7or Indian -o(ntr) Toda)>
G=ae 8!6(e+ #!ensingC %NI=8 (ep!(ts 2." pe('ent in'(ease in Indian ga3ingC& Indian 8!6nt(+ #!da+
:ttpM//999.indian'!6nt(+t!da+.'!3/b6siness/ga3ing/4/4"54"2.:t3H
W7,HIN=#ON $ 7t:!6g: t:e e'!n!3i' (e'essi!n is :aving an i3pa't in Indian '!6nt(+C Indian ga3ing t!!k in R2../ bii!n in 2552C
an in'(ease !; 2." pe('ent !ve( t:e p(i!( +ea(.
Nati!na Indian =a3ing 8!33issi!n 8:ai(3an *:i H!gen (eeased t:e 2552 ga3ing (even6es at t:e ann6a '!n;e(en'e !; t:e N!(t: 73e(i'an =a3ing Reg6at!(s 7ss!'iati!n in
Was:ingt!n L6ne ".
#:e in'(ease in t:e Indian ga3ing ind6st(+Es 2552 (even6es (ep(esents g(!9t: !; 3!(e t:an R)55 3ii!n !ve( 255/.
#:e '!33issi!nEs data (ep(esents ga3ing b+ 3!(e t:an 245 !; t:e nati!nEs ).2 Indian t(ibesC !pe(ating 3!(e t:an 455 'asin!s and
bing! :as in 22 states.
Ove( t:e past 15 +ea(sC Indian ga3ing :as 3!(e t:an d!6bed ;(!3 R4.2 bii!n t! ast +ea(Es R2../ bii!n. 7t:!6g: Indian ga3ing '!ntin6es
t! g(!9C its (ate !; g(!9t: :as de'(eased !ve( t:e past ;e9 +ea(s.
%We kn!9 t:at t:e e'!n!3i' d!9nt6(n :as i3pa'ted 'asin! and bing! :a pat(!nsC and (ep!(ts ;(!3 3an+ t(iba ga3ing ;a'iities (e;e't t:at. We a(e !;ten t!d t:at 9:ie pat(!ns appea(
t! be visiting t(iba ga3ing ;a'iities as !;ten as in t:e pastC t:e+ see3 t! spend ess pe( visit t:an be;!(e t:e d!9nt6(nEs !nset. #:e 3!dest g(!9t: (e;e'ted in t:ese
n63be(s 9!6d see3 t! s:!9 t:at Indian ga3ing (e3ains a st(!ng and e;;e'tive 3eans !; e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent ;!( Indian
nati!nsC& H!gen said.
-asinos impro%in, economics 7or tri'es .on, term in%estments
-han> :?11?2"> Associate Editor D writer o7 0nline -asino +phere
GA(ian 8:anC %#(iba 8asin! =a3bing 16nds Native 73e(i'an Hig:e( Ed6'ati!n&C Onine 8asin! ,p:e(eC
W:ttpM//999.!nine'asin!sp:e(e.'!3/ab!6t.p:pUH
W7,HIN=#ONC D.8. -- 7 3aF!( bene;it ;!( 3e3be(s !; Native 73e(i'an t(ibes a(!6nd t:e '!6nt(+ ;(!3 t:e 'asin! ga3bing b!!3 is
t:e ;6nding !; '!ege s':!a(s:ips. 0nive(sit+ ed6'ati!nsC v!'ati!na t(ainingC and 'a(ee( '!6nseing ;!( t:!6sands is paid in ;6 b+ ga3ing (even6e.
#:is bessing is !ne t:at 9i '!ntin6e t! (e9a(d t(iba p!p6ati!nsC as t:e ed6'ati!ns (es6t in an !ve(a (ising !; Native 73e(i'an
e'!n!3ies. 8!ege g(ad6ates (et6(n and !pen Indian-!9ned and-!pe(ated b6sinessesC a!9ing ;!( '(eati!n !; F!bs in t:e p(esent
and 3!(e !pp!(t6nities in t:e ;6t6(e ;!( t(iba 3e3be(s.
=a3bing (even6es ;(!3 t(iba 'asin!s ast +ea( eN6aed R2. bii!nCa''!(ding t! t:e Nati!na Indian =a3ing 7ss!'iati!n. A+ investing t:at 3!ne+ in t:ei( +!6t:C
t(ibes :ave ass6(ed t:e3seves t:e+ 9i (e'eive bene;its ;!( +ea(s t! '!3e.
W:ie t(iba (ese(vati!ns (e3ain a3!ng t:e 3!st p!ve(t+-st(i'ken a(eas !; t:e 0,C (e'ent eviden'e is t:at ga3bing (even6es :ave
'!nt(ib6ted t! a (ise in e'!n!3i' i;est+es. 7 st6d+ b+ Ha(va(d in 255) s:!9ed Native 73e(i'ans :ad seen a signi;i'ant (ise in
e3p!+3ent and in'!3es bet9een 1445 and 2555.
Meissa Ae3b(+ is an Oneida t(iba 3e3be(C 9:! 6sed :e( s':!a(s:ip t! be'!3e a :eat: 'a(e spe'iaist. ,:e t!d Ne9sbaPeC Q#:e !pp!(t6nities t:e+ p(!vide 6s a(e endess.Q
#:e !pp!(t6nities t:e g(ad6ates p(!vide ;!( t:ei( pe!pesS ;6t6(es a(e as! endess.
15
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Nati%e Econ .in9 t(rn
T*&N 7ederal 7(ndin, creates dependence that hinders tr(e de%elopment
8!ntin6ing t! p6s: ;!( e'!n!3i' independen'e 9!nEt be eas+ in t:e +ea(s t! '!3eC b6t 3!st eve(+!ne ag(ees it 36st be d!neX
and d!neC s!3e sa+C 9it: even ess ;inan'ia s6pp!(t ;(!3 t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent.
% #:e 1445s sa9 s6bstantia i3p(!ve3ent in 3an+ t(iba 'itiPensE 3ate(ia 9e;a(e and ;is'a :eat: $ independent !; ;ede(a
p(!g(a3 spendingC& a''!(ding t! #:e ,tate !; t:e Native Nati!ns. %Maintaining and expanding t:is (ate !; g(!9t: is 'ea(+ '(iti'a t! t:e !ng-te(3 e'!n!3i'
:eat: !; Native 73e(i'a. Rates !; 6ne3p!+3ent and po%ert) (e3ain 6na''eptab+ :ig: and s6ggest 36': p(!d6'tive e'!n!3i' p!tentia 9it:in.&
8!(nis: takes t:e independen'e t:!6g:t a step ;6(t:e(C sa+ing t:at s!3e t(iba eade(s a(e '6((ent+ 36': t!! dependent !n ;ede(a
g!ve(n3ent pa+3ents. %One da+ s!!n t:!se pa+3ents '!6d be g!neC& :e sa+s. %Aeing a eade( 3eans panning ;!( t:at
p!ssibiit+.&
8!(nis: sa+s t:at pa(t !; t:e ':ange t:at sti :as t! !''6( is getting 3!(e t(ibes t! ;!'6s !n se;-dete(3inati!n. %1ede(a ;6nding
s:!6d be ike t(aining 9:eesC& :e sa+s. %Y!6Eve g!t t! get t:e3 !;;. O( ese +!6E(e neve( g!ing t! be !n +!6( !9n.&
11
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Nati%e Econ Alt -a(se
Alt -a(se c(lt(ral 'ased decisions impeded economic de%elopment
0p!n ea(ning t:e p(!;its !; t:e ;e9 t(ibes t:at :ave enF!+ed '!nside(abe e'!n!3i' s6''ess in t:e ga3ing a(enaC s!3e pe!peC 6n;a3iia( 9it: t(iba s!ve(eignt+C se;-dete(3inati!n and
!t:e( '6t6(a and p!iti'a iss6es inv!ving 73e(i'an IndiansC 3ig:t 9!nde( 9:+ a t(ibes :avenEt F63ped '!e'tive+ !nt! t:e 'asin! band9ag!n.
Ae+!nd t:e !bvi!6s p(!be3s t:at 9!6d a(ise ;(!3 3a(ket '!3petiti!n and sat6(ati!nC t(iba !;;i'ias inte(vie9ed t:(!6g:!6t t:e
'!6nt(+ sa+ t:at an i33ense '!3pi'ating ;a't!( is t:e 6niN6e p!iti'a and s!'ia stat6s !; 73e(i'an Indians as a (a'ia g(!6p in
t:e 0.,.
#(ibes n!t !n+ :ave in:e(ent (ig:ts 6nde( t:e 0.,. 8!nstit6ti!nC t(eatiesC ,6p(e3e 8!6(t de'isi!nsC *(esidentia exe'6tive !(de(sC and a'ts !; 8!ng(essC t:ei( 3e3be(s as! !;ten :ave
an!t:e( set !; de'isi!ns t! '!nside( based !n t:ei( 6niN6e '6t6(a beie;s and '6st!3s.
Winnebag! eade(sC ;!( exa3peC sa+ t:at t:e (!e !; '6t6(e :as !ng ;a't!(ed int! t:ei( '!nte3p!(a(+ e'!n!3i' de'isi!n-3aking.
%7s ea(+ as 1424 e;;!(ts 9e(e 3ade t! identi;+ 9a+s t! '(eate F!bs and p(!vide 3!ne+ ;!( t:e t(ibeC& a''!(ding t! t:e t(ibeEs Web site. %7 d(iving ;!('e be:ind t:ese e;;!(ts 9as
Re6ben ,nake IBika9a 0ngaJC a Winnebag! p!iti'a and spi(it6a eade(. Re6ben en'!6(aged t:e t(ibe t! ;ind ne9 9a+s t!
p(!vide F!bs and t! 3ake p(!;itabe b6siness entitiesC 9:ie as! (espe'ting t:e 9a+s !; t:e past and t(iba t(aditi!n and '6t6(e.&
7 in aC itEs a b6siness ;(a3e9!(k t:at 9!6d p(!bab+ 3ake D!nad #(63p sN6i(3.
%E'!n!3i' deve!p3ent ;!( 73e(i'an Indians is (ea+ ve(+ di;;e(ent t:an ;!( !t:e( et:ni' 3in!(it+ g(!6psC& sa+s Aega+C 9:! is !;
NavaF! des'ent. %We :!d di;;e(ent t:ings sa'(ed and 9e as! s!3eti3es :!d si3ia( t:ings sa'(ed.& I1!( 3an+ +ea(s p(i!( t! t:e
2555sC 3an+ 3e3be(s !; t:e NavaF! Nati!n (esisted 'asin! deve!p3ent !n t:e basis !; '6t6(a !bFe'ti!ns.J
% #:e st(ateg+ t:atEs see'ted b+ va(i!6s t(ibes 9!6d need t! '!nside( 9:at t:e '6t6(a i3pi'ati!ns a(e ;!( g!ing !ne (!6te !ve(
an!t:e(C& sa+s Aega+.
,i3p+ p6tC Native 73e(i'ans appea( t! :ave di;;e(ent g!as t:an t:e ave(age 73e(i'an. 7''!(ding t! a st6d+ '!nd6'ted b+ Ha(va(d 0nive(sit+C t:e 3!st '!33!n+ se;-(ep!(ted g!as !;
Native nati!ns in t:e a(ena !; e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent a(e n!t 9eat: and 'apitaisti' (i':es. InsteadC t(ibes !;ten p6(s6e e'!n!3i'
deve!p3ent in !(de( t! :ave t:e ;(eed!3 t! '!nt(! t:ei( !9n p!iti'aC '6t6(a and s!'ia destiniesC and t! :ave t:e abiit+ t!
s6stain '!336nities 9:e(e t:ei( 'itiPens 'an and 9ant t! ive.
A6t de'isi!ns a(enEt a9a+s s! '(+sta 'ea(. 8!(nis: n!tes t:at it 'an s!3eti3es be ve(+ di;;i'6t ;!( t(ibes t! '!nte3pate t:e (!e
!; '6t6(e in t:e '!ntext !; t:ei( e'!n!3i' de'isi!n-3aking. %#:e(eEs n!t:ing in Indian 8!6nt(+ t:at isnEt '!nt(!ve(siaC& :e sa+s.
%Espe'ia+ in e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent.&
1!( instan'eC s!3e t(ibes t:at :ave 6(ani63 (es!6('es 6nde( t:ei( (ese(vati!ns :ave been ve(+ (e6'tant t! 3ine it in (eve(en'e t!
t:e Ea(t:C at:!6g: t:e(e is a ;eeing a3!ng s!3e t(iba 3e3be(s t:at t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent 3ig:t get inv!vedC i; Indians d!nEt a't s!!n.
.ac9 o7 E(ali7ied leadership hinders Nati%e American economic de%elopment
On'e a t(ibe :as dipped its '!e'tive t!es int! t:e e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent 9ate(s $ 9:et:e( via a 'asin!C t(iba b6sinessC and/!( s6pp!(t ;!( Native ent(ep(ene6(s $ eade(s:ip
be'!3es a ke+ ing(edient in '(eating s6''ess;6 and s6stained e'!n!3i' deve!p3entC a''!(ding t! seve(a (esea(':e(s.
A6t g!!d eade(s:ip d!esnEt '!3e eas+. Man+ t(iba eade(s :ave a'ked ed6'ati!na !pp!(t6nitiesC :ave neve( :ed a F!bC !( :ave
!n+ :ed %9!(k 6nti t:e g(ant (6ns !6t& F!bsC a''!(ding t! Bat.
%O; t:!se t:at :ave s6bstantia 9!(k expe(ien'eC 36': !; t:is :as t+pi'a+ been in g!ve(n3ent (at:e( t:an b6sinessC& :e sa+s. %Wit: 3!(e '!nt(! !; t(iba g!ve(n3ent '!3es in'(eased
(esp!nsibiit+ and a''!6ntabiit+. W:ie eade(s a(e seeing t:e '!nseN6en'es !; t:ei( de'isi!ns and a'ti!ns and ea(ning ;(!3 t:ese expe(ien'esC 3!(e e;;!(t and !pp!(t6nit+ 36st be
di(e'ted t! t:e 'apa'it+ !; t(iba eade(s:ip.&
%Re'ent e'!n!3i' g(!9t: in Indian 8!6nt(+ is ;(agieC pa(ti'6a(+ s! be'a6se it is ;!6nded !n p!9e(s !; se;-dete(3inati!n t:at a(e 6nde( '!nstant atta'k ;(!3 'e(tain state and ;ede(a
N6a(te(s and be'a6se 3aintenan'e !; s6': p!9e(s is n!t 6nde( t:e 6niate(a '!nt(! !; Native nati!nsC& a''!(ding t! a se'ti!n !; #:e ,tate !; t:e Native Nati!ns. %It is n!t '!in'iden'e t:at
e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent :as taken (!!t 9:e(e and 9:en !ng-standing ;ede(a Dp(!Fe'tE and Dg(antE app(!a':es t! deve!p3ent :ave been (epa'ed b+ t(ibesE asse(ti!ns !; se;-(6e in t:e
e'!n!3i' a(ena.&
Aega+ sa+s t:at p(ess6(e is in'(easing+ ;et !n t:e s:!6de(s !; Indian g!ve(n3ents t! p6t in pa'e t:e instit6ti!na in;(ast(6't6(es needed t! ':anne :63an and ;inan'ia (es!6('es int!
p(!d6'tive a'tivitiesC s! t:at t:e '!336nit+ is 9!(king t! add t! t:e e'!n!3i' %pieC& (at:e( t:an sN6abbing !ve( :!9 t! divide t:e pie.
%#:e(e is a need t! deve!p g!!d p!iti'a instit6ti!ns t! a!9 ;!( e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent t! take !;;C& sa+s Aega+. %Man+ t(ibes
'6((ent+ :ave g!ve(ning st(6't6(es t:at d! n!t 3es: ve(+ 9e 9it: t:e '!nte3p!(a(+ needs and ':aenges !; Indian nati!ns.&
8!(nis: s6ggests t:at 3!(e t(iba eade(s s:!6d be 3aking pa(tne(s:ips 9it: !6tside '!nt(a't!(s t! ;i 'e(tain t(iba b6siness p!siti!nsC at east in t:e s:!(t te(3. %*6tting ess t:an
;6+ N6ai;ied t(iba pe!pe in 3anage(ia (!es isnEt a g!!d ideaC& :e sa+s. %#(ibes :ave t! dete(3ine t:at i; t:e+E(e g!ing t! be
s6''ess;6C t:e+ :ave t! :i(e t:e best taent. #:enC t:e+ 'an get a (et6(n !n t:ei( invest3ent b+ :aving t(iba 3e3be(s F!b-s:ad!9
and ea(n t:e (!pes.&
M!(e t:an !ne (esea(':e( inte(vie9ed ;!( t:is st!(+ said t:at t(iba p!iti's s:!6d be kept sepa(ate ;(!3 da+-t!-da+ g!ve(n3ent de'isi!n-3aking and 3anage3ent in b6(ea6'(ati' and
b6siness a;;ai(s. 8!3pa(ative (esea(': inv!ving 36tipe t(iba eade(s:ip st+es :as ;!6nd t:at s6''ess;6 e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent is
3!st ike+ t! !''6( 9:en t(ibes e;;e'tive+ asse(t t:ei( s!ve(eignt+ and ba'k 6p s6': asse(ti!ns 9it: 'apabe and '6t6(a+
app(!p(iate instit6ti!ns !; se;-g!ve(n3ent.
% W:e(e t:ese t(iba g!ve(n3ent-!(iented att(ib6tes a(e absentC t(iba assets s6': as an ed6'ated 'itiPen(+C nat6(a (es!6('esC and t:e
ike a(e 3!(e !;ten sN6ande(edC ;aiing t! deive( s6stainabe e'!n!3i' pe(;!(3an'e !( asting i3p(!ve3ents in '!336nit+
9e;a(eC& a''!(ding t! BatEs (esea(':.
12
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
=(n,er sol%in, now
Pro,rams alread) exist to com'at h(n,er
*+1A 23
G0,D7C 1!!d Dist(ib6ti!n *(!g(a3 !n Indian Rese(vati!nsC 0nited ,tates Depa(t3ent !; 7g(i'6t6(eC W :ttpM//999.;ns.6sda.g!v/;dd/p(!g(a3s/;dpi(/p;s-
;dpi(.pd;UH
1. W:at is t:e 1D*IRT 1D*IR p(!vides '!33!dit+ ;!!ds t! !9 in'!3e :!6se:!ds iving !n Indian (ese(vati!nsC and t! 73e(i'an Indian
:!6se:!ds (esiding in app(!ved a(eas nea( (ese(vati!ns !( in Oka:!3a. Man+ :!6se:!ds pa(ti'ipate in t:e 1D*IR as an ate(native t! t:e 1!!d ,ta3p
*(!g(a3 Cbe'a6se t:e+ d! n!t :ave eas+ a''ess t! ;!!d sta3p !;;i'es !( a6t:!(iPed ;!!d st!(es. #:e p(!g(a3 is ad3iniste(ed at t:e 1ede(a
eve b+ t:e 1!!d and N6t(iti!n ,e(vi'e I1N,JCan agen'+ !; t:e 0.,. Depa(t3ent !; 7g(i'6t6(e. 1D*IR is ad3iniste(ed !'a+ b+ eit:e( Indian #(iba O(ganiPati!ns II#OsJ !( an
agen'+ !; a ,tate g!ve(n3ent. 86((ent+C t:e(e a(e app(!xi3ate+ 2/1 t(ibes (e'eiving bene;its 6nde( 1D*IR t:(!6g: 44 I#Os and ),tate agen'ies. 0,D7 p6(':ases and s:ips
'!33!dities t! t:e I#Os and ,tate agen'ies. 8!33!dities a(e see'ted ;(!3 a ist !; avaiabe ;!!ds. #:ese ad3iniste(ing agen'ies st!(e and dist(ib6te t:e ;!!dsC
dete(3ine appi'ant eigibiit+C and p(!vide n6t(iti!n ed6'ati!n t! (e'ipients. 0,D7 p(!vides t:e ad3iniste(ing agen'ies 9it: ;6nds ;!( p(!g(a3
ad3inist(ative '!sts. 1D*IR is a6t:!(iPed 6nde( ,e'ti!n 4IbJ !; t:e 1!!d ,ta3p 7't !; 14//C and ,e'ti!n 4IaJ !; t:e 7g(i'6t6(e and 8!ns63e( *(!te'ti!n 7't !;14/". 1D*IR is
a6t:!(iPed t:(!6g: 2512.1ede(a (eg6ati!ns g!ve(ning t:e p(!g(a3 'an be ;!6nd at / 81R *a(ts 2)5C 2)" and 2)4.
1"
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Alcoholism +ol%enc) 7ails
Plan can5t sol%e? sol(tions to alcoholism m(st come entirel) 7rom Nati%es themsel%es
8ale "1
INan'+ =aeC %1ig:ting 7'!:! and ,6bstan'e 7b6se a3!ng 73e(i'an Indian and 7askan Native Y!6t:C ERI8 8ea(ing:!6se !n R6(a Ed6'ati!n
and ,3a ,':!!s 8:a(est!n W<C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.e(i'digests.!(g/p(e-4221/indian.:t3J
In additi!nC !pti3is3 t:at s6''ess is p!ssibe ':a(a'te(iPes t:ese e;;!(ts. Native 73e(i'an t(ibes and '!336nities a(e be'!3ing in'(easing+ '!n;ident
t:at t:ei( 3e3be(s 'an (eFe't ab6seC andC 3!(e i3p!(tant+C 9i '!ntin6e t! (eFe't it in t:e ;6t6(e.
It is as! be'!3ing 9ide+ (e'!gniPed t:atC in its st(6gge against ab6seC a t(iba '!336nit+Ss 3!st va6abe (es!6('e is its !9n pe!pe. 7ies in t:is 'a6se in'6de pa(ents and ;a3iiesC
s':!! pe(s!nneC s!'ia se(vi'e p(!vide(sC and p:+si'a and 3enta :eat: 'a(e p(!vide(s. In additi!nC '!6(tC a9 en;!('e3ent and t(iba g!ve(n3ent pe(s!nne 'an p(!vide va6abe
assistan'e.
#(iba t(aditi!ns and spi(it6a va6es a(e as! being (e'!gniPed as p(!viding an additi!na vita (es!6('e. #:ese t(aditi!ns and va6es 36st be a(ti'6ated
and (ene9ed. People o7 the comm(nit) C it is being saidC m(st ta9e part in all aspects o7 the e77ort a,ainst alcohol and s('stance
a'(se . #:e+ need t! ;ee inv!ved and 36st beieve t:at t:e+ :ave designed and !9n t:e e;;!(t .
,#E*, #OW7RD ,OL0#ION,
#! be s6''ess;6C !'a g(!6ps s:!6d d(a9 s6pp!(t ;(!3 t:e '!336nit+. *a(ti'ipants s:!6d 9!(k 9it: t:e p(!be3 !; s6bstan'e
ab6se in t:ei( '!336nit+ as t:e+ see it. 7 Native '!336nit+ 3ig:t ;!!9 t:ese steps t! design an e;;e'tive p(!g(a3M
Z =et pe!pe t!get:e( and ask '!336nit+ 3e3be(s t! de;ine :!9 a'!:! and s6bstan'e ab6se spe'i;i'a+ a;;e't t:ei( +!6ngste(s.
Z En'!6(age '!336nit+ 3e3be(s t! tak ab!6t s6bstan'e ab6se.
Z 7sk N6esti!ns t! see 9:at is '6((ent+ being d!ne t! '!3bat t:e p(!be3 and identi;+ 9:at sti needs t! be d!ne.
Z W!(k t:(!6g: a '!336nit+ '!33itteeC deve!p a panC and de'ide 9:! 'an :ep 9:e(e. L!!k ;!( 9a+s t! '!!(dinate existing and ne9 a'tivities.
Z Divide panning and i3pe3entati!n (esp!nsibiities a3!ng '!336nit+ 3e3be(s. Re'(6it v!6ntee(s and 6se existing (es!6('e pe(s!nne.
Z 1ind t:e gaps and seek t(aining ;!( !'a pe!pe 9:e(e ne'essa(+.
Z W:en ne'essa(+C identi;+ and 6se !6tside (es!6('es b6t p(!vide 3eans ;!( ass6(ing '!336nit+ '!nt(! and (esp!nsibiit+ ;!( :!9 t:ese (es!6('es a(e '!!(dinated 9it: !'a a'tivities.
Z Beep t(a'k !; 9:at takes pa'eC in'6ding p(!g(ess. Meas6(e s3a steps.
#:e ,ais: and B!!tenai #(ibes in n!(t:9este(n M!ntana :ave in'6ded t:ese steps in t:ei( A6e Aa+ Heaing 8ente( INative 73e(i'an Deve!p3ent 8!(p!(ati!nC 1445bJ.
,7M*LE 7**RO78HE,
Man+ t(iba and '!336nit+ 9!(ke(s beieve t:at Native +!6t: 9i 3ake bette( ':!i'es ab!6t t:ei( ives i; +!6ngste(s kn!9 3!(e ab!6t--and
take a 3!(e a'tive pa(t in--t:ei( t(iba :e(itage. In t:is vie9C Native +!6t: a':ieve t:e p!sitive se;-estee3 t:at '!3es 9it: be!nging t! s!3et:ing a(ge( t:an
t:e3seves.
No +ol%enc)? +pirit(alit) essential 7or li7tin, Nati%e Americans 7rom alcoholism
+tone> 6artineF and -hen 2" 73e(i'an ,!'i!!gi'a 7ss!'iati!n
I#!saie #!((es ,t!neC Debbie Ma(tinePC [ia!Fin 8:enC %#:e R!e !; ,pi(it6ait+ !n 7'!:! 8essati!n a3!ng Native 73e(i'ansC 5)-2)-54C 7 7'ade3i'
Resea(':C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.aa'ade3i'.'!3/3eta/p?3a?apa?(esea(':?'itati!n/5/1/4/4/)/p144)4?index.:t3J
73e(i'an Indians 9it: a !9 !(ientati!n t!9a(d t(aditi!na '6t6(e 9e(e 3!(e t:an 4.4 ti3es as ike+ t! be :eav+ d(inke(s '!3pa(ed
t! 3!(e '6t6(a+!(iented ad6ts IHe(3an-,ta: et. a.C 255"J. 7'!:! 8essati!n and ,pi(it6ait+M #:e 8!nne'ti!n t! 86t6(e ;!( Native 73e(i'ans *ast (esea(': :as ;!6nd t:at
a':ieve3ent and 3aintenan'e !; s!b(iet+ 9as ;a'iitated b+ spi(it6ait+ and '!336nit+ ties s6': as '!se( (eati!ns:ips 9it:
;(iends and (eatives IL!9e(+C 1442O NeiC 2555O 8a((!C 1441O Mie(C 1442O Weste(3e+e( and Neide(C 1424O M!ss et a.C 142)O HaPe and M!:attC 2551J Inte(esting+C a si3ia(
p(!'ess !; identit+ di;;6si!n ;!!9ed b+ identit+ (einte(p(etati!n I;a'iitated b+ se; dis'!s6(eJ is n!ted in 7'!:! 7n!n+3!6s 3e3be(s as 9e IHaPe and M!:attC 2551O 8a((!C 1441J.
H!9eve(C as HaPe and M!:att I2551J :as p!inted !6tC itte (esea(': !n a'!:! 'essati!n :as been %p!siti!ned 9it:in an 73e(i'an Indian '6t6(a spi(it6a 6nde(standingC&(at:e( 3!st
(esea(': :as '!nst(6'ted spi(it6ait+ in t:e L6de!-8:(istian sense. HaPe and M!:att de;ine s!b(iet+ as %a p(!'ess !; !pening t! 9:at t:e Y6pEik (e;e( t! as Ea3-iinga- t:e e+e !;
a9a(eness !( e+e !; =!d.& W:en an individ6a be'!3es addi'ted t! a'!:! !( an!t:e( s6bstan'eC t:ei( spi(it6a (eati!ns:ip and
'!nne'tedness . t! t:e 9!(d a(!6nd t:e3 is '!sed. #:e(e;!(eC s!b(iet+ is seen as a 9a+ in 9:i': t! (e-'!nne't 9it: !neEs se; and !neEs s6((!6ndingsC (ekinding
t:ei( spi(it6a side in t:e p(!'ess. #:e (esea(': :as s6ggested t:at t:!se 9:! expe(ien'ed a 'essati!n in a'!:! 6se as! expe(ien'ed an
a9akening in t:ei( spi(it6a i;e. 7 st6d+ !n pa(ti'ipants in 7'!:!i's 7n!n+3!6s ;!6nd t:at t:e extent !; p(a'ti'e !; ,tep 11 Ip(a+e( and 3editati!nC spending
ti3e 9it: nat6(eJ 9as p!sitive+ '!((eated 9it: b!t: p6(p!se !; i;e and engt: !; s!b(iet+ I8a((!C 1441J. Inte(esting+C t:e 3aF!(it+ !; pa(ti'ipants I/4\J in a
(e'ent st6d+ indi'ated t:at t:ei( (eas!n ;!( a'!:! 'essati!n 9as a %singe event& IHaPe and M!:attC 2551J. H!9eve(C !n+ 11\ !; t:is g(!6p 3enti!ned t:at t:e event 9as !; a spi(it6a
nat6(e (at:e( t:an an ave(sive nat6(e I4.\J. Neve(t:eessC spi(it6ait+ see3s t! be 3!st i3p!(tant in t:e (e'!ve(+ p(!'essC (at:e( t:an as an initia (eas!n
;!( 'essati!n. 44\ pe('ent !; (esp!ndents ;!6nd s6pp!(t in spi(it6ait+C 9it: 4"\ 3enti!ning Native '6t6(a-based spi(it6ait+.
14
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Alcoholism Alt -a(se
Plan can5t sol%e? c(lt(ral %al(es determine Nati%e American Alcoholism
/lores 3! Ph)schiatric -ons(ltant 8ro(p o7 Atlanta
I*:iip L!:n 1!(esC %7'!:!is3 #(eat3ent and t:e Reati!ns:ip !; Native 73e(i'an 86t6(a <a6esC 11/51/2)C ,6bstan'e 0se @ Mis6seC pg !nine Y
:ttpM//pd;se(ve.in;!(3a9!(d.'!3/2.4.45?/"14"54.)?/2.)/)21/.pd;J
Native 73e(i'an a'!:!i'sC Native 73e(i'an n!na'!:!i'sC 7ng! a'!:!i'sC and 7ng! sta;; 9e(e '!3pa(ed !n de3!g(ap:i's and t:e R!kea': <a6e ,6(ve+. #:e s6bFe'ts 9e(e ;(!3
an inpatient a'!:! t(eat3ent p(!g(a3 !; a (6(a '!336nit+ 3enta :eat: 'ente( !'ated 1 3ie ;(!3 t:e b!6nda(+ !; a a(ge s!6t:9este(n Indian (ese(vati!n. Res6ts ;(!3 t:is st6d+
p(!vide eviden'e 9:i': s6pp!(ts t:e p!!(e( p(!gn!sti' (ates !; a'!:!is3 (e'!ve(+ ;!( Native 73e(i'an a'!:!i's. Eviden'e is as! p(esented 9:i': s6ggests t:at
Native 73e(i'ansS va6es a(e 3eas6(abe and signi;i'ant+ di;;e(ent ;(!3 7ng! va6es. W:ie t:e (eati!ns:ip bet9een va6es and
(e'!ve(+ 9as di;;i'6t t! dis'e(nC it is s6ggested t:at t:e dispa(it+ in va6es bet9een t:e t9! '6t6(es is !ne (eas!n 9:+ s! ;e9 Native
73e(i'an a'!:!i's (e3ained in t(eat3ent. IN#ROD08#ION #:!se '6t6(es 9:i': :ave p!!(+ de;ined n!(3s !; app(!p(iate d(inking
6s6a+ :ave abn!(3a+ :ig: a'!:!is3 (ates I8a:aan et a.C 14.4O MadsenC 14/4J. 8!nseN6ent+C it is 9e (e'!gniPed t:at t:e '6t6(a va6es
pa+ an i3p!(tant pa(t in t:e 9a+ individ6as d(ink IAa'!nC 14/4O Hans!nC 14/"J. H!9- Z7dd(ess '!((esp!nden'e t! t:e a6t:!( at t:e *s+':iat(i' 8!ns6tants =(!6p
!; 7tantaC One Ex':ange *a'eC 2"55 *ea':;!(d R!adC ,6ite 1225C 7tantaC =e!(gia "5""2. 1/5/ 8!p+(ig:t 5 142. b+ Ma('e Dekke(C In'. 5525-//"[/2)/2511-1/5/R".)5/5
D!9n!aded A+M GE3!(+ 0nive(sit+H 7tM 14M"5 4 L6+ 2554 1/52 1LORE, eve(C 6nti (e'ent+ t:e(e :as been a pa6'it+ !; (esea(': (e'!gniPing t:at t:ese sa3e '6t6(a va6es
pa+ an eN6a+ i3p!(tant pa(t in dete(3ining t:e e;;e'tiveness !; a'!:!is3 t(eat3ent I*attis!nC 14/"O Aeige1 et a.C 14/4J. *attis!n I1 4/"J s6ggests
t:at a '!3p(e:ensive a'!:!is3 t(eat3ent p(!g(a3 (eN6i(es a 'a(e;6 deve!p3ent !; t(eat3ent ;a'iities and 3et:!ds 9:i': 3at':
t:e pe('epti!nsC st+esC and needs !; s6bp!p6ati!ns !; a'!:!i's. He ;6(t:e( states t:at i; t:is 3at': is n!t 3ade t:e t(eat3ent p(!g(a3
9i be (eative+ 6ns6''ess;6C and i; a g!!d 3at': is 3ade t:e p(!babiit+ !; s6''ess is in'(eased . ,:!(e and <!n 163etti I14/2J state t:at t:e
*attis!n (ep!(t 6nde(s'!(es t:e ne'essit+ !; 3at':ing t:e p:i!s!p:+ and 3et:!ds !; a t(eat3ent ;a'iit+ 9it: t:e spe'i;i' needs !; an Indian '!336nit+. W:ie t:e(e is s6bstantia !pini!n
s6pp!(ting t:e need ;!( t:e IndianiPati!n !; Indian a'!:! p(!g(a3s I*(i'eC 14/)O ,:!(e and <!n 163ettiC 14/2JC itte e;;!(t :as been 3ade t! a''6(ate+ des'(ibe t:is p(!'ess !( t!
a(ti'6ate t(eat3ent st(ategies 9:i': :ave been deve!ped ex'6sive+ ;!( Native 73e(i'an a'!:!i's. #:is is an i3p!(tant endeav!( be'a6se addi'tive be:avi!( and di;;i'6ties in
inte(pe(s!na (eati!ns eave t(a'es in an individ6aEs va6e s+ste3 I,PasPC 14..J. I; t:e(ap+ is t! be s6''ess;6C it 3a+ s6(e+ be 3ani;ested as ':anges !( (ea((ange3ents !; va6e
p(i!(ities. R!kea': I1 4/)J p(esents '!nvin'ing eviden'es t:at va6es d! existC 'an be easi+ assessedC a(e tanta3!6nt in in;6en'ing a pe(s!nEs ai tit6des and be:avi!(. and 'an be easi+
':anged b+ e;;e'tive ps+':!t:e(ap+. W:ie t:e(e is a s'a('it+ !; e3pi(i'a data avaiabe (ega(ding Indian va6es and t:e (eati!n !; t:ese va6es t! a'!:!is3 t(eat3entC eviden'e
p(esented b+ Ae6te( I14/4C 14/2C 1421J and Ae(gin I1425J s6pp!(ts 1(ankEs I14.2C 14/2C 14./J t:esis t:at t:e pe(s6asive '!3p!nents !; ps+':!t:e(ap+ a(e '(6'ia t! s6''ess;6
t(eat3ent. It 9!6d ;!!9 t:at t:e identi;i'ati!n !; va6es (eated t! t:is pe(s6asive p(!'ess is i3p!(tant i; t(eat3ent e;;e'tiveness is t! be
en:an'ed. 1(ankEs t:esis takes !n added (a3i;i'ati!ns 9:en '!nside(ing (e'!33endati!ns t:at a'!:!is3 t(eat3ent s:!6d n!t be appied 9it:!6t
'!nside(ing t:e va6es !; t:e pe(s!n being t(eated.
Nati%e American alcoholism is c(lt(ral
Non? 12 +tep 23 Alcohol Treatment 0r,aniFation
I%Native 73e(i'ansM 7'!:! 7b6se and #(eat3ent&C dC 12/"5/52C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.n!n12step.'!3/b!g/a'!:!-t(eat3ent/native-a3e(i'ans-a'!:!-
ab6se-and-t(eat3ent/J
8!nside( ;!( a 3!3ent !ne ;a't!(M t:at a'!:! 6se is a(ge+ a 3atte( ea(ned be:avi!(s based !n '!336nit+ !( '6t6(a expe'tati!ns. M!st !; 6s ad!pt a'!:!
6seC and ab6seC patte(ns ;(!3 !6( ;a3i+C !6( '!336nit+C and s!'iet+ at a(ge. W:! int(!d6'ed a'!:! t! Native 73e(i'ansT *(!spe't!(sC 9:ae(sC s!die(sC
and !t:e(s 9:!se i33!de(ate a'!:! %6se& is n!9 (e;e'ted in 3an+ !; t!da+Es Native 73e(i'an patte(nsC patte(ns :anded d!9n ;(!3 !ne
gene(ati!n t! t:e next.
O; '!6(se t:ese ea(ned patte(ns '!6d be ':anged i; t:e+ 9e(enEt se(ving a p6(p!se. 0n:appi+ t:e+ d!. In 3an+ 'ases being d(6nk is a (eadi+ a''epted ex'6se t! dive(ge ;(!3 '6t6(a
n!(3s - an ex'6se t! a't !6t agg(essive+ (at:e( t:an ad:e(ing t! a passive '!n;!(3it+C ;!( exa3pe. 8!336nit+ 3e3be(s :esitate t! '(iti'iPe s!3e!ne ;!( getting d(6nk and a'ting !6t
t:is 9eek 9:en t:e+ 3a+ be t:e !ne 9anting t! get d(6nk and d! t:e sa3e next 9eek.
D(inking is as! a 9a+ !; a':ieving s!3e te3p!(a(+ (espite ;(!3 '(!9ded iving a((ange3ents t:at d!nEt a!9 ;!( an+ p(iva'+. M+ neig:b!( !n t:e 6ppe( Y6k!n 9as !ne !; eig:t pe!pe
!''6p+ing a 'abin (!6g:+ ;i;teen b+ t9ent+ ;eet - a 'abin 9it:!6t ee't(i'it+C (6nning 9ate(C !( an+ dist(a'ti!ns. W:! '!6d ba3e :i3 ;!( disappea(ing int! an a'!:! ind6'ed st6p!(
;(!3 ti3e t! ti3eT
7'!:! as! :eps b!t !6t t:e dep(essi!n and ;(6st(ati!n t:at '!3es ;(!3 a see3ing+ :!peess ;6t6(e. In 3an+ '!336nities t:e 3!st 'apabe pe!pe :ave e;t. =ene(ati!n a;te(
gene(ati!n :as seen a stead+ de'ine in eade(s:ipC stabiit+C and abiit+. In s!3e 'ases nea(+ a !; t:e 9!3en :ave e;tC p(e;e((ing t:e
easie( i;e avaiabe t! t:e3 9it: n!n-Native :6sbandsC '!ege ed6'ati!nC !( 'it+ F!bs. W:! 'an ba3e t:e3 ;!( eavingC !( ;!( t:e :!peess +!6ng 3en e;t be:ind
;(!3 d(!9ning t:ei( !neinessT
1)
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Alcoholism No 6px
Alcoholism is o%errated? G(st li9e an) chronic illness
1isa'ilit) &eso(rce 1irector) 2"
I%7'!:!is3- Is it '6(abe !( '!nt(!abeT&C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.disabiit+-(es!6('e.'!3/3edi'a-:eat:/a'!:!is3/a'!:!is3-is-it-'6(abe-!(-
'!nt(!abe-.p:pJ
7'!:!is3 is a p(!g(essive and p!tentia+ ;ata disease. 7'!:!is3 itse; is n!t '6(abe b6t it is possi'le to reco%er completel) . Re'!ve(ing ;(!3
a'!:! is t! abstain ;(!3 a ;!(3s !; a'!:!i' beve(ages and 3edi'ati!ns t:at '!ntain a'!:! s6': as '!6g: 3edi'ines.
7'!:!is3 is '!nside(ed a ':(!ni' iness. 7s 9it: an+ ':(!ni' inessC it a;;e'ts enti(e ;a3iies. 7s a (es6tC t:e (e'!ve(+ p(!'ess as! a;;e'ts t:e enti(e ;a3i+
and net9!(k !; ;(iends !; t:e a'!:!i'. #:e g!!d ne9s is t:at t:ese pe!pe 'an se(ve as a g!!d s6pp!(t net9!(k t! enabe t:e a'!:!i' t!
abstain ;(!3 d(inking a'!:!. #:e sa3e 9a+ a ;a3i+ 9!6d s6pp!(t a ':(!ni'a+ i pe(s!n is :!9 t:e a'!:!i' s:!6d be t(eated be'a6se
a'!:!is3 is ':(!ni'.
7n+!ne 9:! is an a'!:!i' 9i be an a'!:!i' ;!( t:e (est !; :is !( :e( i;e. Even t:!6g: t:e(e is n! '6(e ;!( a'!:!is3C t:e(e is :!pe ;!( t:e a'!:!i'. #:at is
9:e(e (e'!ve(+ '!3es in - t:e abstinen'e ;(!3 a a'!:! !n t:e pa(t !; t:e addi'ted pe(s!n. #:is is 9:e(e t:e '!nt(! pa(t !; t:e disease '!3es
int! pa+. It is i3p!(tant t! be abe t! '!nt(! t:e desi(e t! :ave a'!:! and t! ':!!se n!t t! d(ink it. 0n;!(t6nate+C t:e s:ee( nat6(e !; being an a'!:!i' is de;ined b+ t:e a'k !; an
abiit+ t! '!nt(! !nes d(inking. In !(de( t! ente( t:e (e'!ve(+ p:ase and t:6s '!nt(! t:e disease itse;C t:e a'!:!i' 36st '!3e t! t:e pa'e 9:e(e :e !( s:e is abe and 9iing t! take
'!nt(! and st!p (ea':ing ;!( a'!:!. Resea(': :as s:!9n t:at t:e a'!:!i' 'ann!t 9i;6+ '!nt(! :is !( :e( d(inking and t:e(e;!(e s:!6d be abstinent. #:e a'!:!i' :as t! a''ept
(esp!nsibiit+ ;!( t:ei( addi'ti!n and (e'!ve(+.
#:e(e a(e s!3e p(!g(a3s t:at :ig:ig:t t:e iss6e !; '!nt(! !; a'!:!is3 and t:e+ d! n!t 3andate abstinen'e ;(!3 a'!:!. Rati!ning and 3!de(ati!n p(!g(a3s s6': as t:ese a!9 t:e
pe(s!n t! :ave a'!:! b6t 9it: eve(+ d(inkC t:e pe(s!n be'!3es ess abe t! de'ide t:at t:e next d(ink is a bad idea. M!st a'!:!i's a(e 6nabe t! i3it t:ei( d(inking and abs!6te+ 36st
abstain ;(!3 a'!:! a t!get:e( t! be s6''ess;6. #:is is sti '!nside(ed being in '!nt(! !; t:e disease. In ;a'tC !n'e t:e a'!:!i' :as ex:ibited '!nt(! !ve( t:e disease b+ abstinen'eC
(ati!ning !( 3!de(ati!n t:e pe(s!n is said t! be in (e3issi!n.
#:e 73e(i'an *s+':iat(i' 7ss!'iati!n '!nside(s (e3issi!n t! be 9:e(e t:e p:+si'a and 3enta aspe'ts !; a'!:!is3 a(e n! !nge( evident (ega(dess !; 9:et:e( !( n!t t:e pe(s!n is sti
d(inking. M!st !t:e(s 6se t:e te(3 (e3issi!n !n+ a;te( t:e a'!:!i' :as '!3pete+ st!pped t:e '!ns63pti!n !; a'!:!.
7'!:!is3C (ega(dess !; 9:et:e( t:e a'!:!i' t!ta+ abstains ;(!3 a'!:! !( F6st d(inks in 3!de(ati!nC is a '!nt(!abe disease.
H!9eve(C a'!:!is3 is n!t '!nside(ed '6(abe be'a6se t:e a'!:!i' 'an (eapse ba'k int! t:e a'6te p:ase !; t:e disease 3an+ ti3es 9it: F6st !ne d(ink !( !ne epis!de !; !ve( d(inking.
Even 9:en t:e a'!:!i' is in (e3issi!nC :e is sti '!nside(ed an a'!:!i' and 9i be an a'!:!i' ;!( t:e (est !; :is i;e. Rega(dess !; t:e a3!6nt !; +ea(s sin'e a'tive a'!:!
'!ns63pti!nC t:e pe(s!n (e3ains an a'!:!i'. 7s 9it: an+ ':(!ni' inessC t:e p!ssibiit+ is a9a+s at t:e ;!(e;(!nt ;!( t:e pe(s!n t! (eapse int!
a'6teC a'tive a'!:!is3.
1.
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
$iolence Ans No I.
Non?Nati%es ca(se most %iolence on &eser%ations
=art and .owther 523 directors o7 National -on,ress o7 American Indians
GRebe''a Ha(t @ 7exande( L!9t:e(. %H!n!(ing ,!ve(eignt+M 7iding #(iba E;;!(ts t! *(!te't Native 73e(i'an W!3en ;(!3 D!3esti' <i!en'e&C
8ai;!(nia La9 Revie9C In'. exisH
,tatisti's (ega(ding vi!en'e in Indian 8!6nt(+ n1" paint a t(!6bing pi't6(e. Native 73e(i'ans expe(ien'e vi!en'e 3!(e t:an t9i'e as !;ten as an+ !t:e( et:ni' g(!6p. n14 7''!(ding t!
t:e A6(ea6 !; L6sti'e ,tatisti'sC Q!n ave(ageC 73e(i'an Indians expe(ien'eGH an esti3ated 1 vi!ent '(i3e ;!( eve(+ 15 (esidents age 12 !( !de(.Q n1) One :6nd(ed and t9ent+-;!6( !;
eve(+ !ne t:!6sand Native 73e(i'ans expe(ien'e vi!ent '(i3eC a (ate t9! and :a; ti3es g(eate( t:an t:e nati!na ave(age. n1. ,!3e (esea(':e(s esti3ate t:at as 3an+ as !ne-t:i(d !; a
Native 73e(i'ans :ave end6(ed p:+si'a ab6se. n1/ Native 73e(i'an 9!3en a(e n!t i336ne t! t:is p(!be3. Native 73e(i'an 9!3en iving in Indian 8!6nt(+ expe(ien'e vi!ent
'(i3es )5\ 3!(e !;ten t:an d! +!6ng 7;(i'an 73e(i'an 3aes n12 - a g(!6p ;(eN6ent+ 'ited as ;a'ing t:e :ig:est in'iden'e vi!ent vi'ti3iPati!n. n14 In ;a'tC "4\ !; Native 73e(i'an
9!3en (ep!(t being t:e vi'ti3s !; d!3esti' vi!en'e. n25 Native 73e(i'an 9!3en a(e t:(ee ti3es as ike+ t! be (aped !( sex6a+ assa6ted as 9!3en !; GZ124H an+ !t:e( (a'e. Ove(
2)\ !; pe(pet(at!(s in (ape and sex6a assa6t against Native 73e(i'an 9!3en a(e des'(ibed b+ t:ei( vi'ti3s as being n!n-Indian.
8!3pi'ating t:e p(!be3C nea(+ /5\ !; a vi!ent vi'ti3iPati!ns '!33itted against Native 73e(i'ans in Indian 8!6nt(+ a(e
'!33itted b+ n!n-Indian atta'ke(s.#:is is '(iti'aM t(ibes a'k t:e ega 3e':anis3s t! :!d n!n-Indians a''!6ntabe ;!( vi!ent
'(i3es against t(iba 3e3be(s. Ae'a6se t:e pe(pet(at!(s !; d!3esti' vi!en'e a(e !;ten n!n-IndianC t:e a'k !; p(!se'6ti!n (es6ts
in i3p6nit+. #:e en;!('e3ent gap and t:e (esp!nse !; a9 en;!('e3ent t! d!3esti' vi!en'e 9i be exp!(ed in detai in *a(t III.
#:ese statisti's e3p:asiPe t:e ;a't t:at n!n-Indian pe(pet(at!(s !; vi!ent '(i3es a(e (esp!nsibe ;!( int(!d6'ing a a(ge pe('entage !;
vi!en'e int! t(iba '!336nities. YetC Native 73e(i'an 9!3en ;a'e a spe'ia t:(eat t! t:ei( b!di+ integ(it+ pe(pet(ated b+ t:ei( pa(tne(s. In'idents !; d!3esti'
vi!en'e '!3p(ise a disp(!p!(ti!nate+ a(ge pe('entage !; t:e !ve(a vi!en'e ;a'ed b+ Native 73e(i'ans. #:e ;!!9ing se'ti!n seeks t!
i63inate t:e '(isis !; d!3esti' vi!en'e against Native 73e(i'an 9!3en 6sing statisti's avaiabe t:(!6g: t:e A6(ea6 !; L6sti'e ,tatisti's.
1/
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
$iolence Ans Alt -a(se
Alt ca(se historical %ictimiFation ma9es %iolence ine%ita'le
=alldin 523 8rad(ate o7 *ni%ersit) o7 N1 +chool o7 .aw> Writer 7or North 1a9ota .aw &e%iew
G73be( HadinC %Rest!(ing t:e <i'ti3 and t:e 8!336nit+M 7 L!!k at t:e #(iba Resp!nse t! ,ex6a <i!en'e 8!33itted b+ N!n-Indians in Indian 8!6nt(+
t:!6g: N!n-8(i3ina 7pp(!a':es&. N!(t: Dak!ta La9 Revie9. exisH
#:e :ist!(+ !; sex6a vi!en'e against Native 73e(i'ans began 9it: t:e '!!niPati!n !; t:e t(ibes b+ ea(+ sette(s. n14 Ae'a6se !; t:e
3at(iinea nat6(e !; Native 73e(i'an '6t6(esC t:e sette(s s6''ess;6+ ;6(t:e(ed t:e g!as !; '!!niPati!n and '!nN6est 9:en Native 73e(i'an 9!3en 9e(e assa6ted. n1) M!(e!ve(C t:e
e;;e'ts !; '!!niPati!n and t:e devastating vi!en'e ;(!3 '!!niPati!n a(e p(esent in 3!de(n da+O Native 73e(i'an 9!3en '!ntin6e t! s6;;e(
;(!3 t:e :ig:est (ates !; sex6a assa6t and (ape !; an+ !t:e( (a'e. n1.
7. 8!!niPati!n and 8!nN6est
In dis'6ssing t(iba sex6a vi!en'eC it is i3p!(tant t! 6nde(stand t:e 6nde(+ing ;eeings !; Native pe!pe ;(!3 t:e ti3e !; '!!niPati!n. #:e vi'ti3iPati!n in;i'ted 6p!n
t(ibes ;(!3 '!!niPati!n and '!nN6est :as :ad a 3aF!( i3pa't !n Native 73e(i'an pe!peC '!nside(ing t:e :ig: (ate !; sex6a
assa6t against 9!3en. n1/ 8:(ist!p:e( 8!63b6sSs a((iva 3a(ked Qt:e dest(6'ti!n !; indigen!6s '6t6(esC b6t as! t:e beginning !; (ape !; Native 73e(i'an 9!3en b+
E6(!pean 3en.Q n12
8!!niPe(s vie9ed Indians as in:e(ent+ i3p6(e and p!6ted 9it: sex6a sinC and t:6s in:e(ent+ Q(apabeQ be'a6se (ape !; t:e
i3p6(e 9as n!t !; '!nseNen'e. n14 In t:e 3id 1255sC Native pe!pe 9e(e (e;e((ed t! as GZ4H t:e Qdi(tiest !tQ !; pe!pe in t:e 9!(dC 9e(e '!nside(ed Q;it:+ (agsCQ and 9e(e
said t! be Qs9a(3ing 9it: ve(3in.Q n25 7dditi!na+C '!!niPe(s beieved t:at Indian pe!pe 9e(e n!t entited t! b!di+ integ(it+C '!nside(ing t:e Q:ist!(+ !; 36tiati!n !; Indian b!dies.Q
n21 8!!niPe(s did n!t vie9 t:e a'ts !; (aping Native 73e(i'an 9!3en as '(i3ina be'a6se Native 73e(i'ans 9e(e deva6ed as
pe!pe. n22
7s a '!6nse!( ;!( Native 73e(i'ans 9:! :ave expe(ien'ed sex6a vi!en'eC 7nd(ea ,3it: 9as n!t s6(p(ised t! ;ind t:at QIndians 9:! :ave s6(vived sex6a ab6se 9!6d !;ten sa+ t:at
t:e+ n! !nge( 9is: t! be Indian.Q n2" #:e '!nseN6en'es !; '!!niPati!n and t:e b!di+ dest(6'ti!n t:at Native 73e(i'an s6(viv!(s !; sex6a ab6se :ave end6(ed :ave 'a6sed Native
pe!pe t! Qinte(naiPe se;-:at(edC be'a6se b!d+ i3age is integ(a+ (eated t! se;-estee3.Q n24 #:e expe(ien'es !; Native 73e(i'an sex6a assa6t vi'ti3s Qe':! )55 +ea(s !; sex6a
'!!niPati!n in 9:i': Native pe!pesS b!dies :ave been dee3ed in:e(ent+ i3p6(e.Q n2)
7dditi!na+C sex6a vi!en'e 9as 6sed as a Qt!! ;!( (a'is3Q ;!( '!!niPe(s against Native 73e(i'ans. n2. In !(de( ;!( '!!niPe(s t! be s6''ess;6 in t:ei( '!nN6est !; Native pe!peC t:e+
beieved t:at vi!en'e against 9!3en 9as ke+. n2/ 7nd(ea ,3it: p6ts ;!(t: t:e p(!p!siti!n t:at Q'!!niPe(s vie9ed t:e s6bF6gati!n !; 9!3en !; t:e Native nati!ns as '(iti'a t! t:e
s6''ess !; t:e e'!n!3i'C '6t6(aC and p!iti'a '!!niPati!n.Q n22 8!nN6e(ing Native 73e(i'an 9!3en 9as 'ent(a t! t:e '!!niPe(sS GZ)H s6''ess be'a6se !; t:e i3p!(tant (!es t:at
Native 9!3en pa+ed in t(iba '!336nities. n24
A. 7 Mat(iinea ,!'iet+
#:e 8:e+enne :ave a sa+ingM Q7 nati!n is n!t '!nN6e(ed 6nti t:e :ea(ts !; t:e 9!3en a(e !n t:e g(!6nd.Q n"5 8!!niPe(s 36st :ave 6nde(st!!d t:at axi!3 be'a6se t:e+ assa6ted t:e
ve(+ ;!6ndati!n and bed(!'k !; t:e Native '6t6(e. n"1 Ae;!(e '!!niPati!nC Native 73e(i'an 9!3en 9e(e at t:e ;!(e;(!nt !; t:ei( s!'iet+ and 9e(e !;ten
(eve(ed as t:e eade(s !; t:ei( t(ibe. n"2 Men and 9!3en ived in baan'eO t:ei( sepa(ate (!es (e'eived eN6a 9eig:t !; i3p!(tan'e
9it:in t:e t(ibe. n"" #:is vie9 !; baan'e di;;e(ed g(eat+ ;(!3 E6(!pean vie9s !n t:e ives !; 9!3enC 9:i': 'a6sed t:e
'!nN6e(ing !; t:e se't !; Native pe!pe t! ;it t:e d6a p6(p!ses !; '!nN6e(ing Native 73e(i'ans and ending a 9!3en-d!3inated
s!'iet+. n"4
12
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
$iolence Ans ? Ine%ita'le
$iolence in Indian -o(ntr) ine%ita'le so%erei,nt) disp(tes ins(re it
=art D .owther 23 1e!9C Nati!na 8!ng(ess !; 73e(i'an IndiansC L.D. 08C Ae(kee+
IRebe''a 7. Ha(t and M. 7exande( L!9t:e(C H!n!(ing ,!ve(eignt+M 7iding #(iba E;;!(ts t! *(!te't Native 73e(i'an W!3en ;(!3 D!3esti' <i!en'eC
exis nexisJ
Native 73e(i'an 9!3en 9:! a(e t:e vi'ti3s !; d!3esti' vi!en'e ;ind t:e3seves ensna(ed in a '!3pi'ated 9eb !; !ve(apping
t(ibaC stateC and ;ede(a F6(isdi'ti!n. #:e ;!(3ati!n !; t:e distin't ega (eati!ns:ip Native nati!ns n.5 s:a(e 9it: ;ede(a and state g!ve(n3ents :as
deep :ist!(i'a (!!ts in t:e '!!nia expe(ien'e. #:is :ist!(+ is '(6'ia t! 6nde(standing 9:+ (eati!ns bet9een t:e 0nited ,tates and t(ibes deve!ped in t:e 3anne(
9:i': event6a+ p(!d6'ed a 3!de(nC tanged F6(isdi'ti!na 9eb and a ega (eati!ns:ip distin't ;(!3 an+ !t:e( g(!6p in t:e 0nited ,tates. Ae'a6se '!nte3p!(a(+ (eaities
!; d!3esti' vi!en'e in Indian 8!6nt(+ :ave t:ei( !(igins in t:e '!!nia expe(ien'eC an+ 9!(kabe s!6ti!ns ai3ed at ste33ing
t:e vi!en'e in Indian 8!6nt(+ (eN6i(es a ;i(3 g(asp !n ;ede(aC stateC and t(iba F6(isdi'ti!n in Indian 8!6nt(+.
GZ14)H #:e :ist!(i'a (eati!ns:ip bet9een Native nati!ns and t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent i6st(ates t:e ega '!ntext in 9:i': Native 73e(i'ans '6((ent+ ;ind t:e3seves and :eps
estabis: t:e ba'kg(!6nd against 9:i': Native 73e(i'an 9!3en s6;;e(ing ;(!3 d!3esti' ab6se st(6gge t!da+. D!3inant et:n!'ent(i' pe('epti!ns !; s!ve(eignt+ '!ntin6e t! s:ape t:e
ega andC b+ extensi!nC F6(isdi'ti!na (eaities in Indian 8!6nt(+. n.1 ,pe'i;i'a+C 9e exa3ine t:e (a3i;i'ati!ns !; di3inis:ed t(iba s!ve(eignt+ !n t(iba atte3pts t! add(ess d!3esti'
vi!en'e 9it:in Indian 8!6nt(+. 0nited ,tatesS '!6(tsC t:e 8!ng(essC t:e Exe'6tiveC and even t:e p6bi' '!n'eive !; s!ve(eignt+ in Weste(n te(3sC !;ten dee3ing t(iba s!ve(eignt+
6n9!(t:+ !; a'kn!9edge3ent b+ 0nited ,tates '!6(ts. 8!3pete t(iba s!ve(eignt+ :as n!t been (e'!gniPed b+ t:e 0nited ,tatesC g(eat+
i3pa'ting n!t !n+ t:e (eati!ns:ip bet9een ;ede(a and t(iba a6t:!(itiesC b6t t(iba (eati!ns:ips 9it: t:ei( !9n 'itiPens and state
g!ve(n3ents. In t:is *a(tC 9e p(!vide a b(ie; :ist!(+ !; t:e '!n'ept !; s!ve(eignt+ d6(ing '!!niPati!nC exa3ine t:e t(i!g+ !; ea(+ 0.,. ,6p(e3e 8!6(t 'ases 9:i': a(e t:e
;!6ndati!n ;!( ;ede(a Indian a9C and expain t:e 9eb !; ;ede(aC stateC and t(iba F6(isdi'ti!n !ve( t:!se 9:! '!33it '(i3es in Indian 8!6nt(+.
14
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
$iolence A/, Women No I.
Non?Indians lar,est contri'(tor o7 sex crimes statistics show
=alldin 523 8rad(ate o7 *ni%ersit) o7 N1 +chool o7 .aw> Writer 7or North 1a9ota .aw &e%iew
G73be( HadinC %Rest!(ing t:e <i'ti3 and t:e 8!336nit+M 7 L!!k at t:e #(iba Resp!nse t! ,ex6a <i!en'e 8!33itted b+ N!n-Indians in Indian 8!6nt(+
t:!6g: N!n-8(i3ina 7pp(!a':es&. N!(t: Dak!ta La9 Revie9. exisH
#:e 3!st sta(ting statisti' is t:e ;a't t:at !ve( sevent+ pe('ent !; sex6a assa6t assaiants a(e 9:iteC den!ting t:at 3!st (apes a(e int(a-(a'ia.
n4" In 1444C t:e Depa(t3ent !; L6sti'e A6(ea6 !; L6sti'e statisti's ;!6nd t:at nine !6t !; ten Native 73e(i'an vi'ti3s !; sex6a
vi!en'e :ad 9:ite !( ba'k assaiants. n44 #:is ;a't is pa(ti'6a(+ '!n'e(ning given t:e F6(isdi'ti!na p(!be3s t:at t(ibes ;a'e in p(!se'6ting n!n-Indians.
1omestic %iolence is not ca(sed ') Indians? :2H o7 domestic crimes committed ') non? Indians
exis nexisJ
,tatisti's (ega(ding vi!en'e in Indian 8!6nt(+ n1" paint a t(!6bing pi't6(e. Native 73e(i'ans expe(ien'e vi!en'e 3!(e t:an t9i'e as !;ten as an+ !t:e( et:ni' g(!6p. n14 7''!(ding t!
t:e A6(ea6 !; L6sti'e ,tatisti'sC Q!n ave(ageC 73e(i'an Indians expe(ien'eGH an esti3ated 1 vi!ent '(i3e ;!( eve(+ 15 (esidents age 12 !( !de(.Q n1) One :6nd(ed and t9ent+-;!6( !;
eve(+ !ne t:!6sand Native 73e(i'ans expe(ien'e vi!ent '(i3eC a (ate t9! and :a; ti3es g(eate( t:an t:e nati!na ave(age. n1. ,!3e (esea(':e(s esti3ate t:at as 3an+ as !ne-t:i(d !; a
Native 73e(i'ans :ave end6(ed p:+si'a ab6se. n1/ Native 73e(i'an 9!3en a(e n!t i336ne t! t:is p(!be3. Native 73e(i'an 9!3en iving in Indian 8!6nt(+ expe(ien'e vi!ent
'(i3es )5\ 3!(e !;ten t:an d! +!6ng 7;(i'an 73e(i'an 3aes n12 - a g(!6p ;(eN6ent+ 'ited as ;a'ing t:e :ig:est in'iden'e vi!ent vi'ti3iPati!n. n14 In ;a'tC "4\ !; Native 73e(i'an
9!3en (ep!(t being t:e vi'ti3s !; d!3esti' vi!en'e. n25 Native 73e(i'an 9!3en a(e t:(ee ti3es as ike+ t! be (aped !( sex6a+ assa6ted as 9!3en !; GZ124H an+ !t:e( (a'e. n21
Ove( 2)\ !; pe(pet(at!(s in (ape and sex6a assa6t against Native 73e(i'an 9!3en a(e des'(ibed b+ t:ei( vi'ti3s as being n!n-Indian. n22 8!3pi'ating t:e p(!be3C nea(+ /5\
!; a vi!ent vi'ti3iPati!ns '!33itted against Native 73e(i'ans in Indian 8!6nt(+ a(e '!33itted b+ n!n-Indian atta'ke(s. n2"
#:is is '(iti'aM t(ibes a'k t:e ega 3e':anis3s t! :!d n!n-Indians a''!6ntabe ;!( vi!ent '(i3es against t(iba 3e3be(s.
Ae'a6se t:e pe(pet(at!(s !; d!3esti' vi!en'e a(e !;ten n!n-IndianC t:e a'k !; p(!se'6ti!n (es6ts in i3p6nit+. #:e en;!('e3ent gap and
t:e (esp!nse !; a9 en;!('e3ent t! d!3esti' vi!en'e 9i be exp!(ed in detai in *a(t III.
#:ese statisti's e3p:asiPe t:e ;a't t:at n!n-Indian pe(pet(at!(s !; vi!ent '(i3es a(e (esp!nsibe ;!( int(!d6'ing a a(ge pe('entage
!; vi!en'e int! t(iba '!336nities. YetC Native 73e(i'an 9!3en ;a'e a spe'ia t:(eat t! t:ei( b!di+ integ(it+ pe(pet(ated b+ t:ei( pa(tne(s. In'idents !; d!3esti' vi!en'e
'!3p(ise a disp(!p!(ti!nate+ a(ge pe('entage !; t:e !ve(a vi!en'e ;a'ed b+ Native 73e(i'ans. #:e ;!!9ing se'ti!n seeks t! i63inate t:e '(isis !; d!3esti' vi!en'e against Native
73e(i'an 9!3en 6sing statisti's avaiabe t:(!6g: t:e A6(ea6 !; L6sti'e ,tatisti's.
25
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
$iolence A/, Women Alt -a(se
Alternate -a(salit) Alcoholism is the root ca(se o7 %iolence
Articho9er D 8(llic9son 52I Di(e't!(s at ,a'(ed 8i('e Nati!na Res!6('e 8ente( t! End <i!en'e against Native
W!3en @ ,!6t: Dak!ta 8!aiti!n 7gainst D!3esti' <i!en'e and ,ex6a 7ssa6t
GBa(en 7(ti':!ke( and <e(aine =6i'ks!nC %Raising *6bi' 79a(eness !n D!3esti' <i!en'e&C Nati!na Res!6('e 8ente( !n D!3esti' <i!en'e.
:ttpM//ne9.va9net.!(g/7ss!'?1ies?<7Wnet/NR8D<?8angeska.pd;H
7 biing6a 8angeska sta;; 3e3be( 9it: '!nne'ti!ns t! t:e t(iba spi(it6a '!336nit+ pe(s!na+ invited a g(!6p !; ede( 9!3en and 3en t! attend a 3eeting. #:e p6(p!se !; t:e 3eeting
9as t! ask ;!( t:ei( inp6t and g6idan'e in deve!ping p6bi' ed6'ati!n 3essages t:at 3ig:t be e;;e'tive in st!pping d!3esti' vi!en'e in t(iba '!336nities. ,eve(e 9eat:e( 3ade 3eeting
in-pe(s!n i3p!ssibe ;!( a b6t !ne !; t:!se invited. I,ta;; s6bseN6ent+ inte(vie9edC b+ p:!neC t9! additi!na 3edi'ine 3en 9:! 9e(e invited b6t 6nabe t! attend.J
#:e 3edi'ine 3an 9:! 9as abe t! '!3e t! t:e 3eetingC via ;!6(-9:ee d(iveC 9as in :is 3id;!(ties. He sp!ke ;!( an :!6( and ag(eed t! be vide!taped. #:e 3essages :e s6ggested
in'6dedC %D! +!6 t:ink 8(aP+ H!(se 9as a 9!3an beate(T& He as! s6ggested t:at sta;; '!nside( a p!ste( ab!6t vi!en'e against Indian 9!3en 6sing a p!p6a( p!ste( s!ganM %D(inking
d!esnEt 3ake +!6 3!(e Indian $ it F6st 3akes +!6 d(6nk.& #:e !t:e( t9! 3!(e ede(+ spi(it6a eade(s s6pp!(ted t:e 9!(k t! st!p vi!en'e. #:e+
beieved t:e+ 9e(e speaking p6bi'+ against p:+si'a+ :a(3ing !t:e(s b6t ;et t:e iss6e !; a'!:! 9as p(i3a(+. 7 t:(ee 3en
(eated st!(ies !; 9!3an batte(ing in t:e '!336nit+ t:atC in t:ei( 3indsC 'ea(+ i6st(ated 'a6se and e;;e't. #:e+ beieved t:at
a'!:! 6se 'a6sed vi!en'e and t:at t:e+ 9e(e 3eeting t:ei( (esp!nsibiities be'a6se t:e+ '!nsistent+ sp!ke !6t against a'!:!
6se.
W:en given !t:e( in;!(3ati!n ab!6t t:e (eati!ns:ip bet9een a'!:! and vi!en'eC t:e 3edi'ine 3an 9:! 'a3e t! t:e 3eeting 9as abe t! ad3it t:at :e p(!bab+ needed ;6(t:e(
ed6'ati!n !n t:e s6bFe't. IIt s:!6d be n!ted t:at :e is 3a((ied t! t:e di(e't!( !; an a'!:! t(eat3ent p(!g(a3 and t:at :e assisted :is 9i;e at t:e p(!g(a3C p(!viding spi(it6a '!6nseing
and (6nning s9eat !dges ;!( t:e 'ientee.J
Alt ca(se alcohol D colonialism ha%e made %iolence ine%ita'le
Articho9er D 8(llic9son 52I Di(e't!(s at ,a'(ed 8i('e Nati!na Res!6('e 8ente( t! End <i!en'e against Native
W!3en @ ,!6t: Dak!ta 8!aiti!n 7gainst D!3esti' <i!en'e and ,ex6a 7ssa6t
GBa(en 7(ti':!ke( and <e(aine =6i'ks!nC %Raising *6bi' 79a(eness !n D!3esti' <i!en'e&C Nati!na Res!6('e 8ente( !n D!3esti' <i!en'e.
:ttpM//ne9.va9net.!(g/7ss!'?1ies?<7Wnet/NR8D<?8angeska.pd;H
One !; t:e 9!3en s6ggested '(eating a 3e3!(ia t! 9!3en 9:! :ad died !( been :6(t b+ d!3esti' vi!en'e. ,:e :e(se; :ad been (aped b+ t:(ee 3en and e;t in a ;ied t! die. #:e
p:+si'a inF6(ies ;(!3 t:is assa6t sti inge(. ,:e said t:at 9!3en needed t! kn!9 t:at s!3e!ne 9i isten t! t:e3 and :ep t:e3. 7 3e3!(ia 9!6d be a visibe and '!nstant (e3inde(.
I; s6': a 3e3!(ia 9e(e estabis:edC t:e ede( 9!3an !;;e(ed t! se(ve as an advis!( !n t:e spi(it6a 'a(e !; t:e 3e3!(ia.
W:ie a !; t:e 9!3en beieved t:at a'!:! pa+s a pa(t in vi!en'e against 9!3enC t:e+ as! beieve t:e iss6e !(iginated 9it: '!!niPati!n I%ea(ned bad
:abits 9:en t:e+ 9ent !6t int! t:e 9!(d be'a6se !; 3iita(+ se(vi'e&J. #:e+ as! see vi!en'e as an iss6e !; 3ae p(iviege. #:e 9!3en 'ited st!(ies i6st(ating t:ei(
g(andpa(entsE (eati!ns:ips !; (espe't and eN6ait+ and exp(essed t:ei( beie; t:at vi!en'e is n!t t(aditi!na a3!ng Lak!ta pe!pe.
A!t: t:e ede( 3en and 9!3en advised '!ntin6a p(a+e(. #:e+ ada3ant+ beieve t:at t:e s!6ti!n t! t:e p(!be3 !; vi!en'e
against 9!3en 9i be ;!6nd in (egaining spi(it6a baan'e and (e3e3be(ing '6t6(e and t(aditi!na va6es. Men need t!
6nde(stand t:e sa'(edness and p!9e( !; t:e 9!3an and t:ei( (esp!nsibiities in 'a(ing ;!( :e( and t:e ':id(en. #:ese ede(s ;et t:at 9!3en
:ave ;!(g!tten t:ei( sa'(edness and need t! (e-exa3ine t:ei( (esp!nsibiities and (e;!'6s !n t:ei( (ig:ts.
21
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
$iolence A/, Women No +ol%enc)
1omestic %iolence will contin(e to 'e a pro'lem (ntil the) ha%e the proper 7acilities
exis nexisJ
A6(ea6 !; L6sti'e ,tatisti's data !n Fais in Indian 8!6nt(+ ;(!3 1442 t! 2554 indi'ates t:at t(ibes a'k t:e ne'essa(+ ;a'iities and
p(!g(a3s t! keep s6(viv!(s sa;e. n1/) In 2554C a A6(ea6 !; L6sti'e ,tatisti's s6(ve+ (ep!(ted t:at sixt+-eig:t Fais existed in Indian
8!6nt(+. n1/. 1!(t+-eig:t Fais 9e(e !pe(ated b+ t(ibesC t9ent+ 9e(e !pe(ated b+ t:e AI7C and !ne 9as p(ivate+ !pe(ated. n1// #:6sC ess t:an 2\ !; t(ibes !pe(ate '!((e'ti!na
;a'iities !; an+ kindC n1/2 :!9eve( Qt:e 15 a(gest Fais :ed 44\ !; in3ates in Indian '!6nt(+.Q n1/4 Ninet+-!ne pe('ent !; Fais in Indian 8!6nt(+ a(e '!nside(ed s3a FaisC 'apabe !;
:!6sing ess t:an ;i;t+ p(is!ne(s. n125 #:e Fais a(e n!t !n+ s3a b6t GZ21"H inadeN6ate+ sta;;edO in 1442 Indian 8!6nt(+ Fais :ad a (ati! !; 2.) in3ates pe( '!((e'ti!na ;a'iit+ sta;;.
n121 In '!3pa(is!nC t:e (ati! in s3a 0.,. Fais Ide;ined as be!9 ;i;t+ in3ate 'apa'it+J 9as 2.5 in3ates pe( '!((e'ti!na ;a'iit+ sta;;. n122 In 2554 t:i(teen ;a'iities 9e(e 6nde( '!6(t
!(de(s !( '!nsent de'(ees 3andating 'e(tain :eat: standa(ds and 3axi363 'apa'it+ (ates n12" be'a6se t:e+ :ad ;aied t! 3aintain '!nstit6ti!na+ a''eptabe '!nditi!nsC 6p ;(!3 eeven
in 1442. n124 Rep!(ted p(!be3s in'6ded nea(+ 6nive(sa 6nde(sta;;ingC inadeN6ate !( n!nexistent eN6ip3ent ;!( spe'ia needs
p!p6ati!nsC and ins6;;i'ient (es!6('es ;!( d(6g and a'!:! t(eat3ent p(!g(a3s. n12)
#:e ;6n'ti!na 'apabiities !; t:e ;a'iities p6t Native 73e(i'an 9!3en at (isk be'a6se pe(pet(at!(s 'ann!t be in'a('e(ated and
(e:abiitated. On+ nine ;a'iities '!6d be 6sed t! :!6se in3ates being :ed ess t:an sevent+-t9! :!6(s. n12. #:e (e3aining ;a'iities 9e(e
b6it t! :!6se in3ates '!nvi'ted !; 3isde3ean!( '(i3esC ex'epting ten ;a'iities eN6ipped t! :!d '!nvi'ted ;e!ns. n12/ On+ t9!-t:i(ds !; t:e ;a'iities !pe(ated 3enta :eat:C d(6g and
a'!:! '!6nseing p(!g(a3s. n122 7dditi!na+C t9ent+-t:(ee ;a'iities !;;e(ed ed6'ati!n p(!g(a3s and nine ;a'iities !;;e(ed e3p!+3ent (e:abiitati!n p(!g(a3s. n124 Q#9ent+-t9!
;a'iities !;;e(ed d!3esti' vi!en'e '!6nseing - 4 !n-siteC 15 !;;-site and " b!t: !n and !;; ;a'iit+ g(!6nds. #9! ;a'iities p(!vided sex !;;ende( t(eat3ent t! '!n;ined in3atesC b!t: !;;
;a'iit+ g(!6nds.Q n145 #:e 2552 (ep!(t gat:e(ed statisti's !n t:e t+pes !; '(i3es '!33itted b+ in3ates :!6sed in Indian 8!6nt(+ ;a'iities. #:e s6(ve+ ;!6nd t:at "4\ !; t:e in3ates
9e(e :ed ;!( vi!ent '(i3es and 12\ !; t:e t!ta in3ate p!p6ati!n 9as in'a('e(ated ;!( d!3esti' vi!en'e. n141 #:ese statisti's :ig:ig:t t:e p(!;!6nd a'k !;
'!((e'ti!na ;a'iities 9it:in Indian 8!6nt(+ t! :!6se and (e:abiitate !;;ende(s 9:! '!33it d!3esti' vi!en'e. Wit:!6t a
;6n'ti!ning '!((e'ti!na s+ste3 pe(pet(at!(s 9i n!t (e'eive t:e se(vi'es t:e+ need t! end d!3esti' vi!en'e.
0nde(standing t:e s:!(t'!3ings !; '!((e'ti!na ;a'iities in Indian 8!6nt(+ is ne'essa(+ ;!( eva6ating t(iba 'apa'it+ n!t !n+ ;!( p!i'ingC b6t as! ;!( sa;e+ and e;;i'ient+ :!6sing
'(i3inas. 7deN6ate t(iba Fais di(e't+ i3pa't t:e sa;et+ !; Native 73e(i'an 9!3en vi'ti3iPed b+ d!3esti' vi!en'e. GZ214H I; t(iba Fais d! n!t :ave t:e 'apa'it+ t!
:!d !;;ende(sC t:e vi'ti3Ss sa;et+ !;ten 'ann!t be g6a(anteed. H!6sing individ6as a((ested b+ t(iba p!i'e !( t:!se '!nvi'ted in t(iba '!6(ts in !;;site n!n-
t(iba ;a'iities 3a+ essen t:e ;inan'ia and :63an (es!6('e b6(dens ;a'ed b+ 3an+ t(ibes. n142
22
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
+o%erei,nt) Ans .in9 T(rn
+ocial +er%ices (ndermine independent 9ill sel7?determination
P0.I-J A.6ANA- 22
0.,. Depa(t3ent !; Heat: and H63an ,e(vi'esC 7d3inist(ati!n ;!( 8:id(en and 1a3iiesC 7d3inist(ati!n ;!( Native 73e(i'an *(!g(a3sC 76g6stC
:ttpM//999.p!i'+a3ana'.!(g/'6t6(e/a(':ive/native?a3e(i'ans?52.s:t3
*(!3!ting t:e =!a !; ,!'ia and E'!n!3i' ,e;-,6;;i'ien'+ ;!( Native 73e(i'ans
#:e 7d3inist(ati!n ;!( Native 73e(i'ans I7N7J p(!3!tes t:e g!a !; s!'ia and e'!n!3i' se;-s6;;i'ien'+ !; 73e(i'an IndiansC 7aska NativesC
Native Ha9aiiansC and !t:e( Native 73e(i'an *a'i;i' Isande(sC in'6ding Native ,a3!ans. ,e;-s6;;i'ien'+ is t:at eve !; deve!p3ent at 9:i': a Native
73e(i'an '!336nit+ 'an '!nt(! and inte(na+ gene(ate (es!6('es t! p(!vide ;!( t:e needs !; its 3e3be(s and 3eet its !9n
e'!n!3i' and s!'ia g!as. ,!'ia and e'!n!3i' 6nde(deve!p3ent is t:e pa(a3!6nt !bsta'e t! t:e se;-s6;;i'ien'+ !; Native
73e(i'an '!336nities and ;a3iies.
7N7 is t:e !n+ 1ede(a agen'+ se(ving a Native 73e(i'ansC in'6ding !ve( ))5 ;ede(a+ (e'!gniPed #(ibesC .5 #(ibes t:at a(e state (e'!gniPed !( seeking ;ede(a (e'!gniti!nC Indian
!(ganiPati!nsC a Indian and 7aska Native !(ganiPati!nsC Native Ha9aiian '!336nitiesC and and Native p!p6ati!ns t:(!6g:!6t t:e *a'i;i' basin. 7N7Ss ;is'a +ea( 2555 b6dget 9as
R").4 3ii!n. 7N7 p(!vides g(antsC t(ainingC and te':ni'a assistan'e t! eigibe #(ibes and Native 73e(i'an !(ganiPati!ns (ep(esenting 2.2 3ii!n individ6as.
MaF!( =!as
MaF!( g!as a(e t!M 1J assist #(iba and viage g!ve(n3entsC Native 73e(i'an instit6ti!nsC and !'a eade(s:ip t! exe('ise '!nt(!
and de'isi!n3aking !ve( t:ei( (es!6('esO 2J ;!ste( t:e deve!p3ent !; stabeC dive(si;ied !'a e'!n!3ies and e'!n!3i' a'tivities
9:i': 9i p(!vide F!bsC p(!3!te e'!n!3i' 9e-beingC and red(ce dependenc) on p('lic 7(nds and social ser%ices O and "J
s6pp!(t !'a a''ess t!C '!nt(! !;C and '!!(dinati!n !; se(vi'es and p(!g(a3s 9:i': sa;eg6a(d t:e :eat: and 9e-being !; pe!pe and a(e essentia t! a
t:(iving and se;-s6;;i'ient '!336nit+.
Wel7are destro)s tri'al so%erei,nt)? increase dependence
@in, 2I editor o7 The Nati%e $oice newspaper
I1(ank L. Bing IIIC We;a(e a 'an'e( !n Native s!ve(eignt+C :ttpM//'ai'9.!(g/1(ankBing.:t3J
W:en I 9as +!6ngC 3+ dadC L!:n Bing L(.C 6sed t! sa+ t! 3eC Q#!! 36': dependen'e !n 9e;a(e dest(!+s !6( t(iba s!ve(eignt+.Q I neve( (ea+ 6nde(st!!d
9:at :e 9as taking ab!6t 6nti ate( !n in i;e.Man+ pe!pe :ave adapted individ6a+ t! 9e;a(e b+ ea(ning :!9 t! navigate t:e state and
;ede(a p!i'ies s! as t! sta+ !n 9e;a(e '!ntin6a+. ,in'e t:e ti3e !; 3+ ;at:e(Ss gene(ati!nC 9e;a(e :as ':anged and (e;!(3ed t! p6s: pe!pe
int! t:e F!b 3a(ke tO b6t t:e p(!be3 !n t:e (ese(vati!ns is t:e a'k !; F!bs.
A6t 9:+ is t:e(e a a'k !; F!bsT Ae'a6se t:e e'!n!3+ !; t:e t(ibe :asnSt ev!ved sin'e t:e (ese(vati!ns 9e(e '(eated.It is t:e t(ibesS (esp!nsibiit+ t! '(eate and
deve!p a 3!de(n e'!n!3+ ;!( t :e pe!peC b6t 9:at :as '!nsistent+ :appened is t:at 3an+ t(ibes :ave deve!ped an e'!n!3+
a(!6nd t:e individ6a !( individ6as 9:! a(e 6tiiPing t:e and !n t:e (ese(vati!ns.#:e and base !; t:e t(ibe :!ds t:e ke+ t! b6iding an e'!n!3i'a+
stabe envi(!n3ent 9it:in its b!(de(sC b6t t:is :as be'!3e an i3p!ssibiit+ d6e t! t:e t(6st (esp!nsibiit+ t:at t:e Depa(t3ent !; Inte(i!( :as taken !n !ve( t:e individ6a and!9ne(s. #:e
iss6es s6((!6nding t:e 8!be vs. N!(t!n 'ase is eviden'e !; t:e ;a't t:at 3ii!ns i; n!t bii!ns :ave been 3ade !n !6( ands - b6t 9:at :appened t! t:e 3!ne+T W:!C in t:e endC :as
bene;ited ;(!3 t:e eases and (es!6('es -- g(aPingC n!t t! 3enti!n t:e !iC gasC ti3be(C et'. - !n !6( t(iba nati!nsT It 'e(tain+ :asnSt been !6( pe!peC !6( (eatives !( !6( ':id(en.It is
inte(esting t:at t:e Qestabis:3entQ is N6i'k t! 6se t:e (e'ent p:en!3en!n !; Indian ga3ing as an exa3pe !; :!9 t(iba e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent is bene;iting t:e ;e9 and n!t t:e 3aF!(it+
!; t(iba 3e3be(s. #:e+ ':!!se t! !ve(!!k t:e !bvi!6s t(6t: !; :!9 n!n-Indians :ave (eaped t:e 3aF!(it+ !; ;inan'ia bene;its ;(!3 nat6(a (es!6('es !n Indian ands ;!( gene(ati!ns.#:e
8!be vs. N!(t!n 'ase is p(!!; t:at an e'!n!3+ 'an be b6it !;; t:e and and its (es!6('es b+ a t(iba nati!n be'a6se it s:!9s 6s t:e v!63e !; (i':es t:at 'an be 3ade !;; !6( ands. We
a(e '6((ent+ (ea':ing t!9a(d ga3ing t! b(ing 6s !6t !; t:is :!e !; po%ert)C and ;!( s!3e t(ibes it :as 9!(ked 9eC b6t ;!( t:e ge!g(ap:i'a+ is!ated t(ibesC t:is si3p+ isnSt t:e 'ase.
#:ese t(ibes s:!6d !!k at s6ppe3enting t:ei( ga3ing in'!3e 9it: 3!nies 3ade !;; t:e nat6(a (es!6('es !; t:ei( ands.#(ibes need t! take t!ta '!nt(! !; a aspe'ts
!; nat6(a (es!6('e easesC in'6ding b6t n!t i3ited t!M !iC gasC '!aC ti3be(C 9ate(C 9idi;eC ;a(3ing and (an':ing. #:e(e a(e 'as:
(es!6('es !n !6( (ese(vati!n ands t:at :ave been 6sed t! t:e bene;it !; !t:e(s sin'e t:e '(eati!n !; t:e A6(ea6 !; Indian 7;;ai(s
and t:e advent !; (ese(vati!ns. O6( t(ibes need t! !!k at 3aking an e'!n!3i' (e'!ve(+ pan !6t !; t:ese nat6(a-(es!6('e 3!nies t:at :ave been '!nsistent+ taken !;; t:e
(ese(vati!ns b+ t:e Depa(t3ent !; t:e Inte(i!(.I; t:is '!6(t 'ase !ve( !6( Individ6a Indian M!nies seeks t! (e3ed+ t:e iss6es s6((!6nding t:e a'k !; (esp!nsibiit+ !; t:e Inte(i!(
Depa(t3entC t:en it s:!6d as! :ave a s!6ti!n !; t6(ning !ve( t:e (esp!nsibiit+ !; t:!se 3!nies and eases t! !6( t(ibes.Rig:t n!9 9e a(e in a :!((ibe state !; ;inan'ia a;;ai(s a'(!ss t:is
Native nati!n. We :ave t:e (es!6('es t! p6 !6(seves !6t !; t:is '!ntin6!6s t(iba (e'essi!nC b6t 9e ;ai t! see 9:at :as a9a+s been (ig:t in ;(!nt !; !6( e+es - !6( and.We need t! '(eate
t(iba a9s t! g!ve(n t:e 6se !; !6( ands and '(eate a '!(p!(ate ang6age t:at eve(+!ne ;as 6nde( i; t:e+ 9ant t! 6se !6( nat6(a (es!6('es ;!( an+ p6(p!sesC t:6s ei3inating t:e (6es t:at
:ave been ena'ted b+ a t:i(d-pa(t+ g!ve(n3ent t:at :ave been '!nsistent+ ;aiing Native 73e(i'a. 8!be vs. N!(t!n is a g!!d exa3pe !; t:is ;ai6(e and is a g!!d ex'6se ;!( !6( t(ibes
t! take ba'k t:e (esp!nsibiit+ !; 9:at :as a9a+s been (ig:t;6+ !6(sM #:e (ig:t t! 3anage t:e nat6(a (es!6('es !; !6( ands and t:e (ig:t t! g!ve(n t:is 3anage3ent !6(seves. O6(
t(ibes :ave been t!! dependent !n inadeN6ate ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent (ep(esentati!nO a depa(t3ent !; t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent 'ann!t
;ai(+ (ep(esent t:e inte(ests !; t:e t(ibes. We need t! d! t:is !6(sevesC !( :ave t:e p!9e( and (es!6('es t! '(eate an independent t:i(d pa(t+ t! (ep(esent 6s in
Was:ingt!nC D.8.In 3+ !pini!nC it is 6n'!nstit6ti!na ;!( t:e '6((ent ee'ted ;ede(a !;;i'ias t! (ep(esent an+ t(iba g!ve(n3ent. It isnSt ;ai( ;!( !ne s!ve(eign t! (ep(esent an!t:e( 9:en
t:ei( state d!esnSt :ave F6(isdi'ti!n !n t(iba ands in t:e ;i(st pa'e. Po%ert) is pe(pet6ated 9:en a '!336nit+ be'!3es dependent !n 9e;a(e. I; t:e
pe!pe kn!9 t:at t:e+ d!nSt (ea+ need t! 9!(k ;!( t:ei( individ6a s!ve(eignt+ be'a6se itSs easie( t! app+ ;!( 9e;a(eC t:en t:e+
9!nSt :ave a desi(e t! i3p(!ve be+!nd t:e a3!6nt !; 3!ne+ t:at t:e+ 'an get in t:e 9e;a(e ':e'k eve(+ 3!nt:. #:is dependen'+
dest(!+s t:e individ6a b+ dest(!+ing se;-estee3. 7 dependent pe(s!nC ike a dependent nati!nC is neve( t(6+ ;(ee.#:e :and!6t-dependent
3entait+ is 6n;!(t6nate+ passed !n ;(!3 gene(ati!n t! gene(ati!nC 9:i': !n+ '(eates a ;6t6(e eade(s:ip t:at is 6sed t! being
sp!!n-;ed. In t:is 9a+C t(iba s!'ieties 6nkn!9ing+ (ein;!('e t:e i6si!n t:at !n+ t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent kn!9s 9:at is best ;!( !6( Native pe!peC 9:i': isnSt (ea+
s!ve(eignt+ at a b6t egisative 9e;a(e. We;a(e s:!6d be add(essed as a p(!be3 b+ a t(iba g!ve(n3ents C n!t end!(sed as a 9a+ !; i;e.
2"
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
+o%erei,nt) Ans No 6px
Tri'al so%erei,nt) has 'een %iolated m(ltiple times 1awes Act
Anderson and Par9er ;/1/2" director o7 the Propert) and En%ironment &esearch -enter KPE&-L and a senior
7ellow at the ri,htwin, =oo%er Instit(tion> PE&-
I#e((+ L. 7nde(s!n and D!3ini' *. *a(ke(C Ent(ep(ene6(s:ip and 8apita !n 73e(i'an Indian Rese(vati!nsM
7 8ase ;!( R6e !; La9C :ttpM//999.a9.n!(t:9este(n.ed6/sea(e'ente(/pape(s/7nde(s!n?*a(ke(?Ent(ep(ene6(s:ip.pd;J
#(iba s!ve(eignt+C :!9eve(C :as been atten6ated b+ 0.,. '!ng(essi!na a'ti!ns t:at :ave (es:aped b!t: p(!pe(t+ (ig:ts t! and and t:e
ega and p!iti'a instit6ti!na envi(!n3ent !n (ese(vati!ns. One !; t:e 3!st batant exa3pes !; '!ng(essi!na in;6en'e !n (ese(vati!n p(!pe(t+
(ig:ts 9as t:e Da9es 7't !; 122/. 0nde( t:is a'tC '!ng(ess a!9ed (ese(vati!n ands t! be a!tted t! individ6a IndiansC b6t
(eN6i(ed t:at t:e+ be :ed in t(6st b+ t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent 6nti t:e a!ttees 9e(e dee3ed %'!3petent.& Ae'a6se t:e 7!t3ent 7't (es6t
in a signi;i'ant a3!6nt !; and being t(ans;e((ed t! n!n- IndiansC 8!ng(ess passed t:e Indian Re!(ganiPati!n 7't IIR7J in 14"4. 0nde( itC ands t:at :ad n!t been p(ivatiPed 9e(e !'ked
int! t(6st stat6sC s!3e :ed b+ individ6a Indians t! 9:!3 t:e+ :ad been a!tted b6t n!t (eeased ;(!3 t(6stees:ipC and s!3e b+ t:e t(ibes. ,t6dies !; :!9 t(6stees:ip a;;e'ts and 6se
s6ggest t:at t:is ext(a a+e( !; b6(ea6'(a'+ 3a+ :ep keep and in Indian !9ne(s:ip b6t (ed6'es p(!d6'tivit+. In '!nt(ast t! ;ee-si3pe andsC t(6st ands a(e s6bFe't t! A6(ea6 !; Indian
7;;ai(s IAI7J (eg6ati!ns t:at 'an (aise t:e '!sts !; and-based (es!6('e p(!d6'ti!n. #:e AI7 g(ants !( denies pe(3issi!n t! ':ange and 6seC 3ake 'apita
i3p(!ve3entsC !( t! ease ands. #(6st ands 'ann!t be s!d n!( 'an t:e+ t+pi'a+ be 6sed as '!ate(a ;!( !ans. In additi!nC t:e individ6a t(6st ands :ave !;ten been
in:e(ited seve(a ti3es !ve( eaving 36tipe and!9ne(s 9:! 36st '!e'tive+ ag(ee !n and-6se de'isi!ns. 0nde( t:ese '!nditi!nsC / it is '!st+ ;!( Indian !9ne(s t! '!3bine ands
int! !pti3a siPed (an':es 6nde( singe !9ne(s:ipXespe'ia+ sin'e t:e !(igina a!t3ents 9e(e gene(a+ t!! s3a ;!( p(!;itabe (an':ing in Weste(n states. #:6sC Indian !pe(at!(s a(e
3!(e ike+ t:an 9:ites t! ease andsC b6t t:is (egi3e dis'!6(ages invest3ent in (an':ing 'apita and it exp!ses tenants t! dis'(eti!na(+ ':anges in AI7 p!i'+. 7s 8a(s!n I1421C 1/4J
'!n'6desC %n! st6dent !; p(!pe(t+-(ig:ts ite(at6(e !(C indeedC e'!n!3i' t:e!(+ 9i be s6(p(ised t:at t:e '!3pi'ated and :eavi+ s6pe(vised p(!pe(t+ (ig:ts t:at e3e(ged ;(!3 a!t3ent
ed t! ine;;i'ien'iesC '!((6pti!nC and !sses ;!( b!t: Indians and s!'iet+.& In s:!(tC t(6stees:ip signi;i'ant+ (aises t:e '!sts !; '!nt(a'ting ;!( t:e 6se !; nat6(a (es!6('es. Rega(ding t:e
(6e !; a9 !n (ese(vati!nsC t(iba '!6(ts :ave a (ep6tati!n !; F6di'ia pa(tiait+ 9:i': 6nde(3ines '!nt(a'ting and ent(ep(ene6(s:ip. =et':esC Wikins!nC and Wiia3s I1442C )22J n!te
t:at %t:e(e is a 9idesp(ead ;eeing :ed b+ 3an+ n!n-Indians t:at t(iba F6dges a(e biased against t:e3. #:e(e a(e as! '!3paints !; in'!3peten'eC and even '!((6pti!n in s!3e t(iba
'!6(ts.& #:e 'ase !; Benne(+ v. Dist(i't 8!6(t !; M!ntana I455 0.,. 42" G14/1HJ exe3pi;ies t:is p(!be3 as it (eates t! n!n-Indian painti;;s in t(iba '!6(ts. #:e(einC t:e 0.,. ,6p(e3e
8!6(t (6ed t:at t:e '!6(ts !; M!ntana '!6d n!t inte(vene t! en;!('e pa+3ent !; a debt !9ed b+ a Aa'k;eet t(iba 3e3be( t! a n!n-Indian st!(e !9ne( !n t:e (ese(vati!n. #:e d!'t(ine
appied in Benne(+ ;!!9ed p(e'edent ;(!3 ea(ie( de'isi!ns (ega(ding t(iba s!ve(eignt+ a(g6ing t:atC absent g!ve(ning a'ts !; 8!ng(ess Ie.g.C *.L. 225JC states 'ann!t in;(inge !n t:e
(ig:t !; t(ibes and t:ei( 3e3be(s t! 3ake and adF6di'ate t:ei( !9n a9s. Re;e'ting !n t:is p(e'edent in t:e (eated 'ase !; ,e'6(it+ ,tate Aank v. *ie((e I1.2 M!nt. 242 G14/"HJC M!ntana
,6p(e3e 8!6(t L6sti'e L!:n 8. Ha((is!n !bse(vedM
%7 (es6t !; t:e Benne(+ de'isi!n 9as t! d(+ 2 6p '(edit s!6('es t:(!6g:!6t t:e state t! (esp!nsibe Indian 'itiPens . . . .&1 Individ6a t(iba 3e3be(s :ave t(!6be 3aking '(edibe
'!33it3ents in ig:t !; 'ases s6': as Benne(+. Even i; a t(iba 3e3be( is a9a(e !; t:is p(!be3C 0.,. '!6(ts :ave (6ed t:at :e !( s:e 'ann!t individ6a+ ':!!se an ate(native
F6(isdi'ti!n. M!(e!ve(C even i; individ6a t(iba 3e3be(s '!6d '(edib+ '!nt(a't !6t adF6di'ati!n !n a 'ase-b+-'ase basisC it 9!6d be '!st+ ;!( ea': 3e3be( t! g! t:(!6g: t:is p(!'ess
p(i!( t! engaging in ea': '!nt(a't.
24
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
=ealthcare Ine%
Nati%e =ealthcare ine%ita'le con,ress D o'ama p(shin, 7or it
Balonic9 ;?1;?2" +ta77 Writer M Associated Press
GMa(+ 8ai(e La!ni':C %7* IN#ER<IEWM ,ebei6s t! b!!st Indian :eat: 'a(e&. 7ss!'iated *(ess.
:ttpM//999.g!!ge.'!3/:!stedne9s/ap/a(ti'e/7LeNM)g29Dvba0]H2(?D#IB4a?"NO*+ApgD42R,M#55H
W7,HIN=#ON I7*J X Heat: and H63an ,e(vi'es ,e'(eta(+ Bat:een ,ebei6s sa+s s:e 9i a6n': a ne9 36ti+ea( e;;!(t t! i3p(!ve
:eat: 'a(e ;!( 73e(i'an IndiansC 9:i': s:e 'as a Q:ist!(i' ;ai6(e.Q ,ebei6s t!d #:e 7ss!'iated *(ess #6esda+ s:e 9i ':aenge 8!ng(ess t!
3ake t:e ba'k-b6(ne( iss6e a p(i!(it+. *a(t !; t:at st(ateg+ 9!6d be t! (e'(6it 3!(e p(!vide(s ;!( (ese(vati!ns and t! ;!'6s 3!(e !n p(eventive 'a(eC 9:i': is !;ten
nege'ted in Indian :eat: 'ini's as d!a(s (6n !6t.
QIWe need t!J begin t! a+ t:e g(!6nd9!(k 9it: 8!ng(ess (ig:t n!9 t! sa+ :e(eSs 9:e(e 9e need t! beCQ s:e said. QI t:ink !;ten t:e t(iba iss6es F6st ;ade a9a+.Q
,:e said :e( depa(t3ent is as! in'(easing t:e siPe !; t:e 0.,. *6bi' Heat: ,e(vi'e 8!33issi!ned 8!(psC 9:i': dispat':es d!'t!(s t! (ese(vati!ns as pa(t !; its 3issi!n.
#:e 0.,. :as an !bigati!nC based !n a 1/2/ ag(ee3ent bet9een t(ibes and t:e g!ve(n3entC t! p(!vide 73e(i'an Indians 9it: ;(ee
:eat: 'a(e !n (ese(vati!ns. A6t t:e t(!6bed Indian Heat: ,e(vi'e !n+ :as ab!6t :a; !; t:e 3!ne+ it needsC eaving p!!( t(ibes in (e3!te a(eas 9it: seve(e+ 6nde(;6nded
;a'iities and s6bstanda(d 'a(e. Weat:ie( t(ibes a(e !;ten abe t! s6ppe3ent t:e ;ede(a b6dget 9it: t:ei( !9n d!a(s.
Q,!3e !; t:e Indian :eat: ;a'iities a(e in g(eat s:apeC s!3e a(e (ea+ in te((ibe s:apeCQ ,ebei6s said.
*(esident Aa(a'k Oba3a ' a3paigned !n Indian (ese(vati!ns d6(ing :is De3!'(ati' p(i3a(+ ast +ea( and p(!3ised bette( :eat: 'a(e t:e(e. His b6dget ;!( 2515
in'6des an in'(ease !; R4)4 3ii!nC !( ab!6t 1" pe('entC and t:e sti366s bi :e signed ea(ie( t:is +ea( p(!vided ;!( '!nst(6'ti!n
and i3p(!ve3ents t! 'ini's.
2)
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
&enewa'les comin, now
-lean ener,) re%ol(tion comin,
&hee>I?!?2"> 1ep(t) national political editor 7or The #oston 8lo'e
G1!!n R:eeC %Be((+M 8ean ene(g+ (ev!6ti!n '!3ing&C A!st!n =!beC
W:ttpM//999.b!st!n.'!3/ne9s/p!iti's/p!iti'ainteigen'e/2554/5"/ke((+?'ean?ene.:t3UH
,enat!( L!:n 1. Be((+C 9:! :as added g!ba 9a(3ing at!p t:e 1!(eign Reati!ns 8!33itteeSs t!-d! istC t!d ind6st(+ !;;i'ias and !t:e(s t!da+ t:at a 'ean
ene(g+ (ev!6ti!n is '!3ing -- and t:e+ need t! get !n b!a(d.
QWe a(e in t:e 3idst !; a ;6nda3enta s:i;t in !6( nati!na and g!ve(n3enta p(i!(ities t:at '!6d !ne da+ be (e3e3be(edXa!ngside t:e p(esiden'ies
!; R!!sevetC L!:ns!nC and ReaganXas t(6+ t(ans;!(3ati!naCQ Be((+ said at a ;!(63 sp!ns!(ed b+ Hita':i and ;eat6(ing panes !(ganiPed b+ t:e 73e(i'an 7ss!'iati!n ;!( t:e
7dvan'e3ent !; ,'ien'e and t:e A(!!kings Instit6ti!n.
Be((+ n!ted t:at t:e e'!n!3i' sti366s pa'kage in'6des R25 bii!n ;!( ate(native ene(g+. He as! p!inted !6t t:at *(esident Oba3aC in :is
add(ess t! a F!int sessi!n !; 8!ng(ess ast 9eek and in :is p(!p!sed b6dgetC 'aed ;!( 'apping 'a(b!n e3issi!ns and '(eating a 3a(ket ;!( t:e sae !; p!6ti!n '(edits.
Q8ap-and-t(ade is n! !nge( an a'ade3i' N6esti!nCQ Be((+ saidC a''!(ding t! p(epa(ed (e3a(ks. Q#:e *(esident and eade(s:ip in b!t: :!6ses !; 8!ng(ess a(e !n
b!a(d t! 3ake it a (eait+C and +!6 need t! sta(t p(epa(ing t! take advantage !; it.Q
QI; passedC t:is 9i '!nstit6te t:e 3!st signi;i'ant (eaign3ent !; !6( ene(g+ s+ste3 in 0, :ist!(+CQ t:e Massa':6setts a93ake( added. Q1!(
t:e ;i(st ti3e eve(C 73e(i'a 9i p6t a p(i'e !n 'a(b!n t:at 9i ig:t a ;i(e 6nde( !6( g(een ent(ep(ene6(sC d(ive deve!p3ent !;
ne9 'ean te':n!!giesC (e-ene(giPe !6( e'!n!3+C and ta'ke g!ba 'i3ate ':angeX all at the same time. #:is s:!6d n!t be ;(ig:tening.
1a( ;(!3 itM t:e ':ange and t:e ':aenge 3a+ b!t: be t(e3end!6sC b6t s! a(e t:e p!ssibiities. I t(6+ beieve t:at t:e next ;!6( !( ;ive =!!ges a(e in t:e ene(g+ se't!(C sta(ing 6s in t:e
;a'e.Q
8o%ernment concentration on renewa'le? the re%ol(tion is now
@err) I?!?2"> *.+. senator> climate chan,e acti%ist
G,enat!( L!:n 1. Be((+C %Be((+M 8ean ene(g+ (ev!6ti!n '!3ing&C A!st!n =!be
W:ttpM//999.b!st!n.'!3/ne9s/p!iti's/p!iti'ainteigen'e/2554/5"/ke((+?'ean?ene.:t3UH
WeC ;!ksC 9e ;ina+ :ave s!3e. In ;a't IEd sa+ t!da+ 73e(i'aEs eade(s:ipXin t:e W:ite H!6se and in 8!ng(essXis 3!(e 9iing and 3!(e abe t:an eve( be;!(e t! take a'ti!n.
L6st !!k at t:e ast 3!nt:M On 1eb(6a(+ 1/t:C t:e *(esident signed a bi t:at invests R25 bii!n in s!a( and 9ind gene(ati!nC p6g-in :+b(id
and ee't(i' 'a(sC 'ean '!aC and s3a(t g(idXas 9e as bii!ns !; d!a(s ;!( basi' s'ien'e t! s6pp!(t ene(g+ inn!vati!n. LetEs be
'ea( ab!6t 9:at t:is 3eansM 9e a(e taking ab!6t 73e(i'aEs a(gest singe invest3ent in 'ean ene(g+ eve(.
I3p(essive as t:at isC 9eE(e F6st getting sta(tedM We a(e in t:e 3idst !; a ;6nda3enta s:i;t in !6( nati!na and g!ve(n3enta
p(i!(ities t:at '!6d !ne da+ be (e3e3be(edXa!ngside t:e p(esiden'ies !; R!!sevetC L!:ns!nC and ReaganXas t(6+ t(ans;!(3ati!na.
2.
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
&enewa'les Expandin, on I- now
&enewa'les increasin, now in Indian co(ntr)
Triplep(ndit.com !/21/2"
I=(een L!bs @ Invest3ent in Indian 8!6nt(+C :ttpM//999.t(ipep6ndit.'!3/pages/g(een-invest3ents-F!bs-in-indian-'!6nt(+.p:pJ
7 g(!6nds9e !; Qg(eenQ invest3ent and a'tivit+ :as been b6iding !n Native 73e(i'an Indian t(iba ands a(!6nd t:e '!6nt(+. Re'ent
a'ti!n at t:e t(ibaC state and ;ede(a evesC as 9e as in !'a '!336nities and t:e p(ivate se't!(C b!des 9e ;!( t:e ;6t6(e !; t:ese 3a(ginaiPed
p!p6ati!ns and ands. It as! d!vetais ni'e+ 9it: 9:at 9eSve '!3e t! ass!'iate and identi;+ 9it: in t(aditi!na 73e(i'an Indian '6t6(e and beie;s.
,e'(eta(+ !; t:e Inte(i!( Ben ,aaPa( !n 7p(i 2) ann!6n'ed t:at t:e Depa(t3entSs Indian 7;;ai(s !;;i'e 9i !;;e( ;ede(a+ g6a(anteed !ans ;!( b6sinesses !9ned b+ 73e(i'an Indians
6nde( t:e 73e(i'an Re'!ve(+ and Reinvest3ent 7't !; 2554C a s3a pa(t !; s!3e R" bii!n t:e Depa(t3ent expe'ts t! invest a3!ng ;ede(a+ (e'!gniPed Native 73e(i'an Indian t(iba
'!336nities t:(!6g: *(esident Oba3aSs e'!n!3i' (e'!ve(+ pan.
Rene9abe ene(g+ and s6stainabe i;est+e p(a'ti'es :ave a(ead+ spa(ked a g!!d a3!6nt !; inte(est and a'tivit+ a3!ng Native
73e(i'an Indian t(ibes. 8ase in p!int is an e'!-t!6(is3 p(!Fe't !n t:e Ra3!na Indian Rese(vati!n nea( 7nPa in s!6t:e(n 8ai;!(nia 9:e(e t:e Ra3!na Aand !; 8a:6ia Missi!n
Native 73e(i'ansS (es!(t is being b6it.
Neve( Mind t:e Ra3!nesC ItSs t:e Ra3!nas
#:e Ra3!na Aand e'!-(es!(t is being b6it in t:e 7nPa <ae+ !n t:e Ra3!na Indian Rese(vati!n in Rive(side 8!6nt+ nea( ,an Dieg!. ItSs 3eant t! !;;e( a pea'e;6 (et(eat ;!( t:e p6bi'
and '!(p!(ate visit!(sC a!ng 9it: an ed6'ati!na expe(ien'e t! d! 9it: Native 73e(i'an '6t6(eC :abitatC nat6(a (e3edies and 'a(e !; t:e envi(!n3ent t:(!6g: t:e 6se !; (ene9abe
ene(g+ and s6stainabe g(een i;est+e p(a'ti'esC a''!(ding t! t:e Ra3!na Aand.
16nding is being p(!vided b+ t:e Ra3!na AandC t:e Depa(t3ent !; Ene(g+C t:e Depa(t3ent !; 7g(i'6t6(e and !t:e( 1ede(a agen'ies.
0sing a (ange !; (ene9abe ene(g+ (es!6('es and te':n!!g+ p(!vided b+ 8ata+xC In'C t:e (es!(t is designed t! be '!3pete+ !;;-g(id and ene(g+ se;-s6;;i'ient. M!(e!ve(C 3i((!(ing
nat6(a e'!s+ste3sC it is designed s! t:at 36': !; its !9n 9aste--;!!d 9asteC bi!gas and se9age--is (e'+'ed.
QWe 9ant t! '(eate a t(6+ nat6(a (et(eat 9:i': 3i((!(s !6( an'est(a :e(itage !; iving in :a(3!n+ 9it: M!t:e( Ea(t:CQ L!:n =!3ePC 86t6(a Di(e't!( ;!( t:e Ra3!na AandC stated in a
3edia (eease.
QW:en ;inis:edC t:is (es!(t 9i n!t be a b6(den !n t:e envi(!n3ent. 7 ene(g+ 9i be (ene9abe and a 9aste and 9aste9ate( 9i be (e'+'ed. #:is (es!(t 9i be a 3!de ;!( !t:e(
t(ibes t! gene(ate (even6es ;!( t:e3seves in a 3!(e appeaing 3anne( t:at is t(6e t! t:ei( :e(itage.Q
,6': a'tivit+ is b!6nd t! in'(ease !n'e t:e 7RR7 (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!Fe't !an g6a(antee appi'ati!ns sta(t '!3ing in and t:e
;i(st !an g6a(antees a(e iss6ed. #:e Oba3a ad3inist(ati!n and ;ede(a g!ve(n3entSs t(iba ands invest3ent p(!g(a3 as! entais p(!viding (e'!gniPed t(ibes 9it: R)55
3ii!n in ;6nds ;!( ne9 s':!! and :!6sing '!nst(6'ti!nC (!ad and b(idge i3p(!ve3ents and 9!(k;!('e deve!p3ent p(!Fe'ts.
QWe 'an b(idge t:e gap bet9een 3aking s:!(t-te(3 (epai(s t! '(eating asting i3p(!ve3ents in t(iba '!336nities b+ 6tiiPing g(een design and (ene9abe ene(g+
te':n!!g+ ;!( ne9 and existing :!3es and s':!!sC '!((e'ting :eat: and sa;et+ de;i'ien'ies in t(iba detenti!n ;a'iitiesC t(aining
t(iba +!6t: and 6nskied 9!(ke(s ;!( i;eti3e e3p!+3entC and expanding e'!n!3i' !pp!(t6nit+ t:(!6g: !ans t! Indian
b6sinessesCQ ,aaPa( stated a;te( a 3eeting 9it: eade(s ;(!3 ;ive ;ede(a+ (e'!gniPed t(ibes at t:e 0nited #(ibes #e':ni'a 8!ege in Ais3a(kC N!(t: Dak!ta.
Wind *!9e( expanding !n (ese(vati!ns n!9
Ener,) expandin, on nati%e land now +io(x tri'e pro%es
1A+-=.E 2; ;!(3e( ,enat!( ;(!3 ,.Dak!taC Lega 7dvis!(C ,eni!( 1e!9 at t:e 8ente( ;!( 73e(i'an *(!g(ess
G#!3 Das':eC 1eb(6a(+C 8ean (ene9abe ene(g+ b!ndsC :ttpM//999.(nn.'!3/7(t1eb5./8eanRene9abeEne(g+A!nds.:t3J

7 itte-n!ti'ed se'ti!n !; 73e(i'aEs ne9 nati!na ene(g+ p!i'+ '!6d b(ing ne9 F!bs and !pp!(t6nities t! Indian 8!6nt(+ and :ep (ed6'e 73e(i'aEs dependen'e !n ;!(eign !i $ b6t
t(ibes need t! a't N6i'k+ i; t:e+ 9ant t! take advantage !; t:is !pp!(t6nit+.#:e Ene(g+ *!i'+ 7't !; 255)C signed b+ *(esident A6s: ast 76g6stC '!ntains a p!9e(;6 ne9 e'!n!3i'
deve!p3ent t!! $ 8ean Rene9abe Ene(g+ A!nds $ t! p(!vide t(iba g!ve(n3ents 9it: inte(est-;(ee ;inan'ing ;!( (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!Fe'tsC s6': as 9ind ;a'iitiesC '!sed and !pen
!!p bi!3assC ge!t:e(3aC s!a(C and;i gasC t(as: '!3b6sti!n ;a'iitiesC s3a i((igati!n p!9e(C and :+d(!p!9e(. Man+ t(ibes a(e a(ead+ in t:e ate(native ene(g+
b6siness. #:e R!seb6d ,i!6x #(ibe in ,!6t: Dak!taC ;!( inst an'eC is 6sing t:e !ne g(eat nat6(a (es!6('e t:at 9as neve( taken ;(!3
t:e3 $ t:e 9ind $ t! '(eate ene(g+ and F!bs ;!( its 3e3be(s. #:e t(ibe !pe(ates a giant 9ind t6(bine t:at gene(ates en!6g: ee't(i'it+ t! p!9e(
:6nd(eds !; :!3es. #:e ne9 Ene(g+ *!i'+ 7't a6t:!(iPes R255 3ii!n in 8ean Rene9abe Ene(g+ A!nds $ 8REA A!nds -- t! :ep t(iba and !'a
g!ve(n3ents and ee't(i' '!!pe(atives deve!p t:ei( !9n ate(native ene(g+ p(!Fe'ts.
2/
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Wind Ener,) Expandin, on I- now
Wind Power expandin, on reser%ations now
Bohnson !/;/2" 1epartment o7 .in,(istics M*- #er9ele)
Beit: L!:ns!n, N! Rese(vati!nsM Indian 8!6nt(+ ,ets ,ig:ts !n Wind *!9e( Iand =(aveJC Wa ,t(eet L!6(naC
:ttpM//b!gs.9sF.'!3/envi(!n3enta'apita/2554/5)/5./n!-(ese(vati!ns-indian-'!6nt(+-sets-sig:ts-!n-9ind-p!9e(-and-g(ave/J
#:e 0.,. Depa(t3ent !; t:e Inte(i!( :as :!ned in !n // !; t:e 2/. Indian (ese(vati!ns t:at :ave t:e 3!st 9ind-p!9e( p!tentiaC
and :as been s6(ve+ing t:e and and int(!d6'ing 9ind deve!pe(s t! t(iba '!6n'is. ,! ;a(C !n+ t:e 8a3p! (ese(vati!n in 8ai;!(nia
:as 9ind t6(bines !pe(ating.
Inte(i!( ,e'(eta(+ Ben ,aaPa( t!6ted 9ind-p!9e(Es p!tentia !n (ese(vati!ns in Ma(':C sa+ing %Indian '!6nt(+ !;;e(s s!3e !; t:e p(e3ie( 9ind ene(g+ sites in
t:e 0nited ,tates.&
%#:e+ :ad a !t !; pe!pe kn!'king !n t:ei( d!!(C& said ,tep:en Man+deedsC divisi!n ':ie; !; t:e Inte(i!(Es divisi!n Indian 7;;ai(s 6nit t:at '!ns6ts t(ibes !n ene(g+ and 3ine(a
deve!p3ent. #(ibes in t:e pat: !; t:e p(!p!sed #(ans8anada t(ans3issi!n ineC 9:i': (6ns ;(!3 M!ntana t! Las <egasC a(e getting t:e 3!st inte(est (ig:t n!9C :e said.
,eve(a t(ibes in'6ding t:e 8:e(!kee in Oka:!3a and t:e 8(!9 and Aa'k;!!t (ese(vati!ns in M!ntana a(e nea(ing ease ag(ee3ents 9it: 9ind deve!pe(s t:at
9ant t! b6id t6(bines !n t:e (ese(vati!n and. #:e Aa'k;!!t t(ibe a!ne '!6d p(!vide " t! 4 giga9atts !; 9ind p!9e(Xt:atEs
ab!6t !ne-sixt: !; a t:e 9ind p!9e( instaed in t:e 0.,. (ig:t n!9.
Rene9abe-ene(g+ deve!p3ent !;;e(s 3!(e g6a(antees t:an !t:e( deve!p3ent !pti!nsC s6': as 'asin!sC 9:i': e3p!+ a !t !; pe!pe b6t 9:i': a(e
sed!3 p(!;itabe. #(ibes :ave t(ied t! 6(e 9ind deve!pe(s 9it: deep p!'kets and a g!!d t(a'k (e'!(dO 3an+ t(ibes a(e ee(+ !;
spe'6at!(s t:at 9ant t! ease t(iba and and ;ip it t! !t:e( deve!pe(sC M(. Man+deeds said.
22
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
6ilitar) 1A 1nc lin9
Po%ert) ca(ses Nati%e Americans to Goin the militar) AN1 the) represent a hi,h percenta,e
8re,ori(s> 2: prod(cer 7or ##- new
G7(ene =(eg!(i6sC %Native 73e(i'ans in t:e 0, 3iita(+& AA8 ne9sC :ttpM//ne9s.bb'.'!.6k/2/:i/p(!g(a33es/'(!ssing?'!ntinents//142122.st3H
In t:e 0nited ,tatesC Native 73e(i'ans a(e t:e et:ni' g(!6p 9it: t:e :ig:est p(!p!(ti!n !; pe!pe F!ining t:e 3iita(+. #:e+ 3ake 6p
!n+ ab!6t !ne pe('ent !; t:e p!p6ati!nC b6t 1..\ !; t:e a(3ed ;!('es. #:e+ a(e as! 3!(e ike+ t! s6;;e( ;(!3 p!st-t(a63ati' st(ess dis!(de(.
Li;e !n t:e (ese(vati!ns is big:ted b+ ve(+ :ig: eves !; 6ne3p!+3entC a'!:! ab6seC d!3esti' and !t:e( vi!en'eC et'. #:e
3iita(+ !;;e(s a 9a+ !6tC a ':an'e t! pa+ ;!( ed6'ati!nC and a F!b.
24
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
6ilitar) 1A Po%ert) Indians ser%in,
Po%ert) ca(ses Nati%e Americans to Goin the militar) AN1 the) represent a hi,h percenta,e
8re,ori(s> 2: prod(cer 7or ##- new
G7(ene =(eg!(i6sC %Native 73e(i'ans in t:e 0, 3iita(+& AA8 ne9sC :ttpM//ne9s.bb'.'!.6k/2/:i/p(!g(a33es/'(!ssing?'!ntinents//142122.st3H
In t:e 0nited ,tatesC Native 73e(i'ans a(e t:e et:ni' g(!6p 9it: t:e :ig:est p(!p!(ti!n !; pe!pe F!ining t:e 3iita(+. #:e+ 3ake 6p
!n+ ab!6t !ne pe('ent !; t:e p!p6ati!nC b6t 1..\ !; t:e a(3ed ;!('es. #:e+ a(e as! 3!(e ike+ t! s6;;e( ;(!3 p!st-t(a63ati' st(ess dis!(de(.
Li;e !n t:e (ese(vati!ns is big:ted b+ ve(+ :ig: eves !; 6ne3p!+3entC a'!:! ab6seC d!3esti' and !t:e( vi!en'eC et'. #:e
3iita(+ !;;e(s a 9a+ !6tC a ':an'e t! pa+ ;!( ed6'ati!nC and a F!b.
Nati%e Americans Goin the militar) to escape po%ert)
6iller> 2: -orrespondent o7 the -hristian +cience 6onitor
GLenni;e( Mie(C %Native 73e(i'ans enist ;!( t6(; and t(ibe& 8:(istian ,'ien'e M!nit!(C :ttpM//999.'s3!nit!(.'!3/255//5225/p25s51-6s3i.:t3Tpage>1H

#:e+ ;ee an 6n6s6a !bigati!n t! p(!te't t:e t(iba '!336nities t:e+ be!ng t! andC 3!(e spe'i;i'a+C t:e and t:e+Sve in:abited ;!( gene(ati!ns. #:e (es6t is t:at native
73e(i'ans tend t! F!in t:e se(vi'e at :ig:e( pe( 'apita (ates t:an a3!st an+ !t:e( 3in!(it+ g(!6p.
7''!(ding t! t:e *entag!nC t:e+ (ep(esent ess t:an 1 pe('ent !; t:e p!p6ati!nC b6t 3ake6p ab!6t 1.. pe('ent !; t:e a(3ed ;!('es.
In s!3e t(iba '!336nitiesC 1 !6t !; eve(+ 255 ad6ts :ave se(ved in t:e 3iita(+. 86((ent+C nea(+ 25C555 native 73e(i'an and
7askan native pe!pe a(e in 6ni;!(3.
^ ^ ^
One (eas!n ;!( t:e :ig: pa(ti'ipati!n (atesC t! be s6(eC a(e t:e 'a(ee( and e'!n!3i' bene;its. Q#:e 3iita(+ is seen as an
!pp!(t6nit+CQ sa+s Ma(k ,t. *ie((eC an :ist!(ian 9:! :as ived !n t:e *ine Ridge Rese(vati!n in ,!6t: Dak!ta ;!( ") +ea(s. His b!!kC QO; 0n'!33!n Ai(t:M Dak!ta s!ns in <ietna3CQ
;!!9s native 73e(i'ans 9:! ;!6g:t in ,!6t:east 7sia. He esti3ates t:at nea(+ )5 pe('ent !; 3aes !n t:e (ese(vati!n :ave se(ved in t:e 3iita(+.
Q*e!pe !n t:is (ese(vati!n (eaiPe t:e+ 9i get <7 bene;itsCQ :e sa+sC Qt:at t:e+ 3ig:t g! t! '!ege.Q
#:e sa3e is t(6e !; t:e NavaF! (ese(vati!nC 9:i': sp(a9s a'(!ss 2/C555 sN6a(e 3ies !; n!(t:e(n 7(iP!na and extends int! 0ta: and Ne9 Mexi'!. ,!3e 4" pe('ent !; t:e
(ese(vati!nSs 125C555 (esidents ive be!9 t:e po%ert) ine. 0ne3p!+3ent stands at 42 pe('ent. Nea(+ "2 pe('ent !; :!3es a'k
;6 p63bing. NeP g(e9 6p in a '(a3ped t(aie(. 7s t:e !dest !; ;!6( ':id(enC :e neve( :ad a bedC b6t sept !n t:e ;!!( !( '!6':.
"5
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
6ilitar) 1A Emplo)ment Indians +er%in,
Nati%e Americans Goin the militar) 7or emplo)ment
.)nn D /arnell> 2I pro7 o7 anthropolo,) M * o7 Illinois D .)nn is a ,rad(ate o7 the *ni%ersit) o7 Illinois
GE(i'a L+nn and A(enda 1a(neC %#:e 8a6ses !; t:e *(!pensit+ !; 73e(i'an Indians#!9a(ds ,e(ving in t:e 0nited ,tates Miita(+&
:ttpM//999.e9s.6i6'.ed6/_e+nn/Natives?in?7(3ed?1!('es.pd;H
Native 73e(i'ans as! F!ined t:e 0nited ,tates a(3ed ;!('es t! se'6(e e'!n!3i' gains. Rese(vati!ns s6;;e( ;(!3 p!!( ed6'ati!n
s+ste3sC a(ge+ (6n b+ t:e A6(ea6 !; Indian 7;;ai(sC 9:i': pe(pet6ates t:e po%ert) ;!6nd !n (ese(vati!ns . Native 73e(i'ans :ave t:e
:ig:est d(!p!6t (ates !; an+ et:ni' g(!6p IDeis! 2551J. In 255"C !n+ app(!xi3ate+ :a; t:e st6dents 9e(e p(!;i'ient in ang6age a(tsC (eadingC and 3at:O as!C !n+ 15"C555
Native 73e(i'ans atte3pted an+ ;!(3 !; :ig:e( ed6'ati!n in 1445 IA6(ea6 !; Indian 7;;ai(s 255"J. Natives in t:e 'ities t+pi'a+
attended si3ia( s':!!s. 7''!(ding t! M(. *a6 7p!da'aM
,':!!s in t:!se a(eas G9it: :eav+ '!n'ent(ati!ns !; Native 73e(i'ans and !t:e( 3in!(itiesH 9e(e n!t t:e best in t:e 9!(dC and 'e(tain+ did n!t !;;e( 'asses t:at 9!6d p(epa(e !ne ;!(
'!ege. We 9e(e in 9:at is n!9 'aed Q#:e v!'ati!na t(a'kQC in !t:e( 9!(ds pe!pe !; !6( 'ass 9e(e destined t! spend t:e (est !; !6( ives se(ving t:e (est !; :63anit+ b+ taking in F!bs
ike 3e':ani'sC t(6'k d(ive(sC g(!'e(+ 'e(ksC 9aite(sC b6s d(ive(sC et 'ete(a I7p!da'a 255"J. #:e p!!( ed6'ati!n s+ste3 in t6(n (est(i'ts Native pe!pe t!
6nskied F!bs. #:e n63be( !; F!bs avaiabe t! Native 73e(i'ans is ;6(t:e( (est(i'ted b+ t:e N6ait+ !; and (ese(vati!ns a(e !nM
t+pi'a+ (ese(vati!n and is a(id !( se3ia(id 9:i': in n!t '!nd6'ive t! ;a(3ing. ,!3e t(ibes :ave t6(ned t! 'asin!s t! s6(vive. #:is ind6st(+ '(eates s!3e F!bs ;!( Native 73e(i'ans b6t
t:e e'!n!3ies !; t:ese (ese(vati!ns sti a(e p!!(. 7''!(ding t! Lan'e M!(ganC a H!-8:6nk and 8EO !; H!-8:6nk In'C %#:e ave(age ga3ing t(ibe is n!t ;!'6sed !n t:e ;6t6(e. M!st
t(ibes a(e 6sing ga3ing d!a(s t! '(eate 3ake-9!(k t+pe F!bsC pa+ !6t pe( 'apita pa+3entsC dabbe in e'!n!3i' dive(si;i'ati!n and p63p 6p !d s!'ia p(!g(a3s designed in an!t:e( e(a&
IM!(gan 255"J. #:is 3eans t:at essentia g!ve(n3enta ;6n'ti!ns s6': as an adeN6ate ed6'ati!n s+ste3 and p!i'e ;!('e a(e being s:!(t ':anged in ;av!( !; '(eating as 3an+ !9 skied
F!bs ;!( t:e t(ibe as p!ssibe. Rese(vati!ns t!! (e3!te t! :ave 'asin!s ;a(e even 9!(se. ,eve(a (e3!te Indian (ese(vati!ns :ave 6ne3p!+3ent (ates in
ex'ess !; /5\ I=``-7:an:anP! 1444J.
Native 73e(i'ans !;; (ese(vati!ns a(e nea(+ as p!!( as t:!se !n (ese(vati!ns. #:e+ t+pi'a+ 9e(e assigned a !9-in'!3e F!b d6(ing te(3inati!n and st(6gge t! 3ake ends 3eet.
%Re!'ati!n ;(eN6ent+ inv!ved n!t:ing 3!(e t:an a t(ade !; (6(a ;!( 6(ban L+nn " po%ert). Man+ (e!'ated Indians s!!n 3ade t:ei( 9a+ ba'k t! t:e (ese(vati!ns& I#:!3as 144"M 42/J.
7n investigati!n !; t:e dis'(i3inati!n in t:e 0nited ,tates b+ t:e 0nited Nati!n ;!6nd t:at Native 73e(i'ans s6;;e( ;(!3 a 4.\ 6ne3p!+3ent (ate. #:is is in '!nt(ast t! 7;(i'an
73e(i'ans 9:! s6;;e( 3e(e+ a 1).4\ 6ne3p!+3ent (ate and 73e(i'a as a 9:!e 9:i': :as an 6ne3p!+3ent (ate !; )..\ I=``-7:an:anP! 1444J. Like a i3p!ve(is:ed
pe!pesC t:e 3iita(+ !;;e(s Native 73e(i'ans a 3eans t! es'ape po%ert) . It p(!vides (!!3C b!a(dC 'as:C t(ainingC and F!b
expe(ien'e 9:i': 'an i3p(!ve t:ei( e'!n!3i' 9ebeing. #!3 H!3C a :a; 8(eek :a; 8:e(!kee NativeC speaks !; t:e !pti!ns Native 73e(i'ans ;a'eM %i; +!6
didnEt g! int! t:e 3iita(+C +!6 '!6d eit:e( d! 3ig(ant ;a(3 ab!( !( +!6Ed g! int! t:e 'it+ t! g! ;ind a F!b& IB(ake( 255"J. 1!(
3an+C t:e 3iita(+ 9as t:e 3!st appeaing 9a+ t! ea(n a iving. W:ie enistedC Native 73e(i'ans ea(ned :!9 t! get a!ng 9it: pe!pe !; di;;e(ent (a'esC a ski
needed in !(de( t! d! 9e in 3ainst(ea3 s!'iet+. %W!(d Wa( IIC !n t:e 9:!eC bene;ited t:e Indians t:(!6g: in'(eased '!nta't 9it: W:ites& IEn'+'!pedia 73e(i'anaJ. #:e t(aining
itse; :eped natives 9:! 9is:ed t! F!in 3ainst(ea3 73e(i'an s!'iet+ b+ exp!sing t:e3 t! 3ainst(ea3 va6es. 1(ank Hen(+C a 8:!'ta9
IndianC des'(ibes :!9 t:e dis'ipine and eade(s:ip skis :e ea(ned in t:e a(3+ :eped :i3 ate( in i;e 9:en :e anded a F!b (6nning a :!spita IWiia3J. *(!g(a3s s6': as t:e
RO#8 a!9 Native 73e(i'ans t! get an ed6'ati!n 9:ie t(aining ;!( t:e 3iita(+. 7''!(ding t! t:e F!6(na 73e(i'an Indian Rep!(tC %;!( 3an+
GNative 73e(i'ansH t:e 3iita(+ is t:e !n+ 9a+ t! ;inan'e an ed6'ati!n& IB(ake( 255"J. *a6 7p!da'a attests t:at :e %9ent !;;
Gint! t:e 3iita(+H t! get an ed6'ati!nC t:e !pp!(t6nit+ ;!( 3e t! !btain t:at ed6'ati!n !t:e(9iseC 9as n!t avaiabeC :ad I sta+ed
ba'k t:e(e in Denve(& I7p!da'a 255"J. #:e 3iita(+ as! p(!vided a 3eans t! se'6(e n!n-skied F!bs. #:e F!b expe(ien'e t:e a(3+ !;;e(s
is inva6abe t! t:e 3an+ 6ne3p!+ed Native 73e(i'ans seeking e3p!+3ent sin'e e3p!+e(s ;av!( appi'ants 9:! :!d stabe
F!bs !ve( t:!se 9:! a(e 6ne3p!+ed. 1!( t:e t:!6sands !; 6ne3p!+ed Native 73e(i'ansC t:e a(3+ is t:e !n+ e3p!+e( 9:! is
9iing t! (isk :i(ing t:e3. #:e a(3ed ;!('es !;;e( s6bstantia ;inan'ia in'entives t! enisteesC s! 3an+ Native 73e(i'ans enisted
t! bette( t:ei( e'!n!3i' sit6ati!ns.
"1
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
6ilitar) 1A Indians +er%e
A lar,e percenta,e o7 nati%es ser%ed in the militar)?'oth past and present
6c+WAIN 23 1irector> Indian =ealth +er%ice
GR!be(t =. M',9ainC %8eeb(ating #(iba Nati!nsM 73e(i'aEs =(eat *a(tne(s& Nati!na 73e(i'an Indian and 7aska Native He(itage M!nt:C
:ttpM//999.i:s.g!v/*6bi'In;!/*6bi'7;;ai(s/Di(e't!(/2552?,tate3ents/1IN7LHe(itage2552.pd;H
O6( '!6nt(+Ss ;(eed!3 :as been 9!n and de;ended b+ 73e(i'an Indian and 7aska Native vete(ans. 73e(i'an Indians and 7aska Natives :ave pa(ti'ipated 9it:
distin'ti!n in eve(+ 9a( t:is '!6nt(+ :as 9aged. #:e :!n!( g6a(d :e(e t!da+ is '!3p!sed !; F6st s6': disting6is:ed Indian vete(ans. It is 9e (e'!gniPed t:at
73e(i'an Indians and 7aska Natives :ave '!nsistent+ :ad a :ig:e( pe( 'apita (ate !; 3iita(+ se(vi'e t:an an+ !t:e( et:ni' g(!6p.
Indian s!die(s se(ved as a6xiia(+ t(!!ps in t:e 8ivi Wa( and 9e(e a'tive in t:e 73e(i'an West in t:e ate 1255s and ea(+ 1455sC
a''!3pan+ing =en. L!:n L. *e(s:ingSs expediti!n t! Mexi'! in p6(s6it !; *an':! <ia in 141.. 73e(i'an Indians 9e(e as! (e'(6ited b+ #edd+ R!!sevetSs
R!6g: Ride(s and sa9 a'ti!n in 86ba in t:e ,panis:-73e(i'an Wa( in 1242. M!(e t:an 12C555 73e(i'an Indians se(ved in t:e
0nited ,tates 3iita(+ in W!(d Wa( I. 7nd in W!(d Wa( IIC 3!(e t:an 44C555 73e(i'an Indians and 7aska NativesC !6t !; a
t!ta p!p6ati!n !; ess t:an ")5C555C se(ved 9it: :!n!(. #:e n!9 ;a3!6s Indian '!de take(s t!!k pa(t in eve(+ assa6t t:e 0.,. Ma(ines
'!nd6'ted in t:e *a'i;i' ;(!3 1442 t! 144)C t(ans3itting 3essages in t:ei( native ang6age -- a '!de t:at t:e Lapanese neve( b(!ke. 73e(i'an Indian and 7aska Native
3en and 9!3en !n t:e :!3e ;(!nt as! se(ved t:ei( '!6nt(+ 9it: p(ide. M!(e t:an 45C555 Indian pe!pe e;t t:ei( (ese(vati!ns t! 9!(k in !(dnan'e dep!tsC ;a't!(iesC and !t:e( 9a(
ind6st(ies. Indian t(!!ps as! ;!6g:t d6(ing t:e B!(ean '!n;i'tCand app(!xi3ate+ 42C555 73e(i'an Indians and 7aska NativesC
3!(e t:an 45 pe('ent !; t:e3 v!6ntee(sC ;!6g:t in <ietna3. In t:e 1425s and 1445sC t:e+ sa9 d6t+ in =(enadaC *ana3aC ,!3aiaC and t:e *e(sian =6;. 7nd
it '!ntin6es t!da+C as 73e(i'an Indian and 7aska Native s!die(s se(ve in 7;g:anistan and I(aN and !t:e( !'ati!nsC F!ining in t:e
;ig:t against g!ba te((!(is3. 73e(i'aEs p!iti'a s+ste3 as! !9es a debt t! ea(+ 73e(i'an Indian and 7aska Native in;6en'e.
#:e =(eat *ea'e La9C 9:i': 3ade it p!ssibe ;!( t:e '!n;ede(ati!n !; ;ive I(!N6!is nati!ns t! ;6n'ti!n in :a(3!n+ ;!( seve(a 'ent6(iesC 9as 6sed b+ '!!nists as a 3!de ;!( t:e 0nited
,tates '!nstit6ti!n . . . and a 3!de ;!( de3!'(a'+. #:is is t:e t(6e st!(+ !; 73e(i'an Indian and 7aska Native pe!peO !ne t:at bea(s itte (ese3ban'e t! 9:at 9e (ead ab!6t in 3!st
:ist!(+ b!!ks and 9:at 9e see in 3!st 36se63s.
Nati%e Americans part o7 *.+ militar) 7or o%er 222 )ears
1EPA&T6ENT 0/ T=E NA$J ?? NA$A. =I+T0&I-A. -ENTE&> 2;
G%Native 73e(i'ans and t:e 0.,. Miita(+& Depa(t3ent !; t:e Nav+ :ttpM//999.:ist!(+.nav+.3i/;aNs/;aN.1-1.:t3H
73e(i'an Indians :ave pa(ti'ipated 9it: distin'ti!n in 0nited ,tates 3iita(+ a'ti!ns ;!( 3!(e t:an 255 +ea(s. #:ei( '!6(ageC
dete(3inati!nC and ;ig:ting spi(it 9e(e (e'!gniPed b+ 73e(i'an 3iita(+ eade(s as ea(+ as t:e 12t: 'ent6(+.
I t:ink t:e+ GIndiansH 'an be 3ade !; ex'eent 6seC as s'!6ts and ig:t t(!!ps. --=en. =e!(ge Was:ingt!nC 1//2
Man+ t(ibes 9e(e inv!ved in t:e Wa( !; 1212C and Indians ;!6g:t ;!( b!t: sides as a6xiia(+ t(!!ps in t:e 8ivi Wa(. ,'!6ting t:e
ene3+ 9as (e'!gniPed as a pa(ti'6a( ski !; t:e Native 73e(i'an s!die(. In 12..C t:e 0.,. 7(3+ estabis:ed its Indian ,'!6ts t!
exp!it t:is aptit6de. #:e ,'!6ts 9e(e a'tive in t:e 73e(i'an West in t:e ate 1255s and ea(+ 1455sC a''!3pan+ing =en. L!:n L. *e(s:ingSs expediti!n t! Mexi'! in p6(s6it !;
*an':! <ia in 141.. #:e+ 9e(e dea'tivated in 144/ 9:en t:ei( ast 3e3be( (eti(ed ;(!3 t:e 7(3+ in 'e(e3!nies at 1t. H6a':6'aC 7(iP!na. Native 73e(i'ans ;(!3 Indian #e((it!(+ 9e(e
as! (e'(6ited b+ #edd+ R!!sevetSs R!6g: Ride(s and sa9 a'ti!n in 86ba in t:e ,panis:-73e(i'an Wa( in 1242. 7s t:e 3iita(+ ente(ed
t:e 25t: 'ent6(+C 73e(i'an Indians :ad a(ead+ 3ade a s6bstantia '!nt(ib6ti!n t:(!6g: 3iita(+ se(vi'e and 9e(e !n t:e b(ink !;
pa+ing an even a(ge( (!e.
8!nt(ib6ti!ns In 8!3bat
It is esti3ated t:at 3!(e t:an 12C555 73e(i'an Indians se(ved in t:e 0nited ,tates 3iita(+ in W!(d Wa( I. 7pp(!xi3ate+ .55 Oka:!3a
IndiansC 3!st+ 8:!ta9 and 8:e(!keeC 9e(e assigned t! t:e 142nd In;ant(+ !; t:e ".t: #exas-Oka:!3a Nati!na =6a(d Divisi!n. #:e 142nd sa9 a'ti!n in 1(an'e and its s!die(s 9e(e
9ide+ (e'!gniPed ;!( t:ei( '!nt(ib6ti!ns in batte. 1!6( 3en ;(!3 t:is 6nit 9e(e a9a(ded t:e 8(!ix de =6e((eC 9:ie !t:e(s (e'eived t:e 8:6(': Wa( 8(!ss ;!( gaant(+.
#:e !6tb(eak !; W!(d Wa( II b(!6g:t 73e(i'an Indians 9a((i!(s ba'k t! t:e batte;ied in de;ense !; t:ei( :!3eand. 7t:!6g:
n!9 eigibe ;!( t:e d(a;t b+ vi(t6e !; t:e ,n+de( 7'tC 9:i': gave 'itiPens:ip t! 73e(i'an Indians in 1424C '!ns'(ipti!n a!ne d!es
n!t a''!6nt ;!( t:e disp(!p!(ti!nate n63be( !; Indians 9:! F!ined t:e a(3ed se(vi'es. M!(e t:an 44C555 73e(i'an IndiansC !6t !;
a t!ta Native 73e(i'an p!p6ati!n !; ess t:an ")5C555C se(ved 9it: distin'ti!n bet9een 1441 and 144) in b!t: E6(!pean and
*a'i;i' t:eate(s !; 9a(. Native 73e(i'an 3en and 9!3en !n t:e :!3e ;(!nt as! s:!9ed an intense desi(e t! se(ve t:ei( '!6nt(+C and 9e(e an integ(a pa(t !; t:e 9a( e;;!(t.
M!(e t:an 45C555 Indian pe!pe e;t t:ei( (ese(vati!ns t! 9!(k in !(dnan'e dep!tsC ;a't!(iesC and !t:e( 9a( ind6st(ies. 73e(i'an Indians as! invested 3!(e t:an R)5 3ii!n in 9a( b!ndsC
and '!nt(ib6ted gene(!6s+ t! t:e Red 8(!ss and t:e 7(3+ and Nav+ Reie; s!'ieties.
"2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
6ilitar) 1A Indians +er%e
Nati%es represent a h(,e percenta,e o7 the militar) past pro%es
.)nn and /arnell> 2I /arnell is a pro7essor o7 anthropolo,) at the *ni%ersit) o7 Illinois and .)nn is a ,rad(ate o7
the *ni%ersit) o7 Illinois
Despite 'ent6(ies !; !pp(essi!n b+ t:e 0nited ,tates g!ve(n3entC 3an+ Native 73e(i'ans se(ve in t:e 0nited ,tates 3iita(+. In
t:e 12"5s W:ite sette(s agg(essive+ ;!('ed 73e(i'an Indians ;(!3 t:ei( :!3es and d(!ve t:e3 9est !; t:e Mississippi.
Re3a(kab+C n!t !ng a;te( end6(ing t:e #(ai !; #ea(sC t:e 8:e(!kees sided 9it: =e!(gia in t:e 8ivi Wa(. In aC (!6g:+ t9ent+
t:!6sand 73e(i'an Indians ;!6g:t ;!( t:e 0ni!n !( t:e 8!n;ede(a'+. 7s a (es6t !; t:e 8ivi Wa(C %t:e e'!n!3+ !; Indian #e((it!(+ 9as
dest(!+edC and 3an+ Indian ;a3iies 9e(e :!3eess& IHi(s':;ede( 2555M .2J. ,:!(t+ a;te( t:e 8ivi Wa(C '!ng(ess passed t:e Da9es ,eve(at+ 7't. #:is a't 9as a di(e't a;;(!nt !n t:e
IndianEs '!336na 9a+s !; i;e sin'e it divided 6p (ese(vati!ns int! p(ivate+ !9ned pa('es !; and. M!(e!ve(C t:e Indians 9:! be'a3e !9ne(s !; t:ei( t(iba ands 9e(e !;ten ;!('ed b+
po%ert) t! se !6t t! W:ites. Aet9een 1245 and 1455C Indian-!9ned ands s:(ank ;(!3 !ne-:6nd(ed-;!6(-3ii!n a'(es t! sevent+-eig:t-3ii!n a'(es IDavids!n 2551M )2.J. D6(ing t:is
ti3e pe(i!dC t:e g!ve(n3ent sp!ns!(ed b!a(ding s':!!s ;!( Native 73e(i'an ':id(en t! ea(n W:ite 3et:!ds !; ;a(3ing and %t! speak Engis: ike W:ite pe!peC t! 9ea( t:e sa3e
'!t:esC eat t:e sa3e ;!!dC g! t! t:e sa3e ':6(':esC sa6te t:e 0, ;agC and pat(i!ti'a+ 'eeb(ate t:e 1!6(t: !; L6+& IHi(s':;ede( 2555M 142J. Man+ ':id(en ;!6nd t:ese s':!!s t! be
b(6ta and 9e(e (esent;6 !; being sent t:e(e t! ea(n t:ei( !pp(ess!(Es 9a+s. =iven t:e sad itan+ !; '6t6(a and e'!n!3i' !pp(essi!n 9e 3ig:t expe't t:ese ':id(en t! disike t:e 0nited
,tates g!ve(n3ent. Neve(t:eessC +ea(s ate( 3an+ !; t:ese ':id(en v!6ntee(ed t! ;ig:t ;!( t:e 0nited ,tates g!ve(n3ent in W!(d Wa( IXab!6t t9eve t:!6sand
IHi(s':;ede( 2555M 1)2J. D6(ing W!(d Wa( IIC t9ent+-;ive-t:!6sand 73e(i'an Indians se(ved. #:is (ep(esented 3!(e t:an ten
pe('ent !; t:e Native 73e(i'an p!p6ati!nC !( !ne-t:i(d !; a abe-b!died Indian 3en ;(!3 eig:teen t! ;i;t+ IWiia3sJ. #:is is in
'!nt(ast t! ess t:an eig:t pe('ent !; t:e gene(a p!p6ati!n enisting in t:e 3iita(+ d6(ing W!(d Wa( II I0, 8ens6s A6(ea6C ,pa(ta'6s
Ed6'ati!naJ.
7;te( W!(d Wa( IIC t:e 0, g!ve(n3ent began a p!i'+ !; %te(3inati!n.& #e(3inati!n 9as ;ede(a egisati!n t:at enti'ed Indians t! 3!ve t! t:e 'ities 9it: ;inan'ia in'entives. D6e t!
3ist(eat3ent !; t:ei( a;;ai(s 3an+ Native 73e(i'ans in t:e te(3inati!n p(!g(a3 (e3ained in po%ert). Despite t:e !ng!ing 3ist(eat3ent !; t:ei( a;;ai(s b+ t:e
0nited ,tates g!ve(n3entC !ve( ten-t:!6sand Native 73e(i'ans se(ved in B!(ea and !ve( ;!(t+-t9!-t:!6sand Native 73e(i'ans
se(ved in <ietna3. Wit: t:e 0, g!ve(n3ent 3ist(eating Native 73e(i'ansC !ne 36st askXas an an!n+3!6s NaPi !n'e didX%:!9 '!6d 73e(i'an Indians t:ink !; bea(ing a(3s
;!( t:ei( exp!ite(sT& ILai3es 1442M ")4J L!!king 3!(e '!se+ 9e ;ind t:at 73e(i'an Indians F!ined t:e 0nited ,tates a(3ed ;!('es ;!( p!iti'aC e'!n!3i'C and '6t6(a (eas!ns.
""
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
6ilitar) 1A 6px T(rns the -ase
Nati%e Americans (se the militar) 7or economic 'ene7its
Man+ native 73e(i'ans ;ind (ese(vati!n i;e :eps t:e3 adF6st t! t:e (ig!(s !; t:e 3iita(+. David NePC D!n!vanSs 6n'eC enisted in t:e 7(3+ in 14/4
at t:e age !; 14. He se(ved six +ea(s !; a'tive d6t+C and ate( ;!6g:t in t:e =6; Wa( 9it: t:e 7(3+ Rese(ve. David NeP sa+s :e enisted ;!( t:e e'!n!3i' bene;its
b6t t:at :is 6pb(inging 3ade 3iita(+ se(vi'e a Qnat6(a ':!i'e.Q
Q=(!9ing 6pC 9eSd (ide :!(ses ba(eba'k $ F6st ike t:at.Q NeP is standing !6tside a '6ste( !; t(aie( :!3es and p!ints t! a g(!6p !; +!6ng 3en (iding !6( di(e'ti!n. #:e +a(d is d6st+ and
st(et':es int! a vast ands'ape !; dese(t b(6s:. QI '!6d (6n ;!( a !ng 9a+sCQ :e sa+s. QI '!6d 'i3b (!'ks and t(eesC F63p ;(!3 :eig:ts. I 9as a(ead+ in p:+si'a s:ape. I
a(ead+ kne9 :6nge( and t:i(st. W:en I g!t t! basi' t(aining and ;a'ed a t:at :a(ds:ipC I 9as a(ead+ 6p t! it.Q
ItSs evident t:at pat(i!tis3 (6ns deep :e(e !n t:e NavaF! (ese(vati!n. Man+ :!6ses ;+ 73e(i'an ;agsC and t:e nati!na ant:e3 is s6ng at 3!st '!336nit+ events. A6t native 73e(i'ans
!;ten inte(p(et t:ese s+3b!s di;;e(ent+ ;(!3 t:e (est !; s!'iet+.
QO6( pat(i!tis3 is ;i(st t! t:e ;a3i+ and t:e 'anCQ sa+s Ed *ieste9aC a H!piC d6(ing a vete(ans-app(e'iati!n 'e(e3!n+ !n t:e NavaF! (ese(vati!n. 7s 9e speakC a '!!( g6a(d 3a(':es !6t
int! t:e sea(ing s6n. #:e+S(e 9ea(ing 3iita(+ atti(e a!ng 9it: ;eat:e(ed :ead d(esses and t(aditi!na Fe9e(+. M!3ents ate(C t:e '!!( g6a(d sings #:e ,ta(-,panged Aanne( $ in NavaF!.
M(. *ieste9aSs nie'eC L!(i 7nn *ieste9aC 9as t:e ;i(st ;e3ae s!die( t! die ;ig:ting in I(aN. He( '!nv!+ 9as :it b+ a b!3b in 255" in
Nasi(i+a:. I*;'. *ieste9aSs best ;(iend Lessi'a L+n': 9as inF6(ed in t:e sa3e atta'kJ. ,:e 9as a singe 3!3 9it: t9! s3a ':id(en andC a''!(ding t! :e(
6n'eC :!ped 3iita(+ bene;its 9!6d :ep s6pp!(t :e( ;a3i+. He( de'isi!n t! se(ve 'a((ied '6t6(a signi;i'an'e as 9e.
Q,:e 9as ;6;iing a t(aditi!na (ig:t !; passageCQ sa+s *ieste9a. #:en :e addsC QNatives 9e(e enisting be;!(e 9e 9e(e (e'!gniPed as 0, 'itiPens. #:e+ enist t! p(!te't t:e ;a3i+.Q
,i3ia(+C 9:en Ma(+ 8!:!e !!ks at t:e ;agC s:e d!esnSt t:ink ab!6t 8!ng(essC t:e p(esidentC !( de3!'(ati' ideas. #! :e(C Od =!(+ is a s+3b! !; t:e 0, 3iita(+ and t:e p:+si'a
sa'(i;i'es s:e and :e( pe!pe :ave 3ade ;!( t:ei( and. Ms. 8!:!e se(ved in <ietna3 9it: t:e Red 8(!ss. #:e 0, 7(3+ iss6ed :e( a 3iita(+ ID 9:ie s:e 9as in t:e '!6nt(+C and s:e sti
'!nside(s :e(se; a <ietna3 vete(an. QItSs !6( di(tCQ s:e sa+s. Q#:atSs 9:e(e 9e 'a3e ;(!3. #:e ;ag is t:e !+at+ t:at 9e :aveC as NavaF!C t! M!t:e( Ea(t:.Q
7s Ms. 8!:!e and !t:e( vete(ans expainC t:e 3iita(+ is !ne 9a+ ;!( native 73e(i'ans t! gain p!9e( in a '!6nt(+ t:at t:e+ beieve '!ntin6es t!
ign!(e and 3ist(eat t:e3. QWe a(e 6sing t:e s+ste3 t! p(!te't !6( '6t6(e $ t! s6(viveCQ s:e sa+s.
"4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Politics =- *npop(lar
Nati%e American health care 7(ndin, ca(ses con,ressional contro%ers)
.each ": American *ni%ersit) .aw &e%iew
ILa3es D. Lea':C %Native 73e(i'ans and t:e <a''ine 7'tM Ex'6ding t:!se t:at 9e ;!6nd :e(eEC 73e(i'an 0nive(sit+C 76g6st 144/C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.9'.a3e(i'an.ed6/F!6(na/a9(ev/4./ea':txt.:t3J
#:e '!ng(essi!na g!a !; va''inati!n !; Native 73e(i'an ':id(en ne'essa(i+ i3pies t:e 9iingness t! '!3pensate seve(e+ inF6(ed Native 73e(i'an ':id(en in t:e sa3e 3anne( t:at
!t:e( ':id(en a(e '!3pensated.
Danie :as n! g6a(antee !; '!ntin6ed :eat: 'a(e bene;its be'a6se :e is Native 73e(i'an. #:e Indian Heat: ,e(vi'e is pe(ennia+
6nde(;6nded. ". 16t6(e ;6nding is s6bFe't t! s:i;ting p!iti'a 9inds and :a(d e'!n!3i' (eaities as t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent
'!ntin6es t! d!9nsiPe.
"/
#:e Indian Heat: ,e(vi'eSs de'isi!n t! dis'!ntin6e an+ :eat: 'a(e p(!g(a3 is '!33itted t! its dis'(eti!n and is n!t s6bFe't t! F6di'ia
(evie9."2 Native 73e(i'ans :ave itte p!iti'a '!6t as t:e+ atte3pt t! p(ese(ve t:e ;ede(a bene;its t:at t:e+ (e'eived in t:e past. "4
Even at :ist!(i'a ;6nding evesC t:e :eat: se(vi'es p(!vided t! Native 73e(i'ans a(e g(!ss+ inadeN6ate. 45 #:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent ad3its
t:at Native 73e(i'ans s6;;e( ;(!3 Q!6tdatedC ine;;i'ientC and 6nde(3anned G:eat: 'a(eH ;a'iitiesCQ ins6;;i'ient 3edi'a se(vi'esC and a'k !;
a''ess t! :eat: se(vi'es.
41
7n+ :eat: se(vi'es t:at 3a+ be p(!vided a(e an inadeN6ate ate(native t! <a''ine 7't bene;its.
Nati%e =ealth -are is (npop(lar in con,ress %otes pro%e
6c6(llin 23 -omm(nications director o7 the National -on,ress o7 American Indians
I7nd(e9 M'M6inC %N87I iss6es Rep!(t 8a(d !n 8!ng(essi!na Ais a;;e'ting Native 73e(i'ans&C Nati!na 8!ng(ess !; 73e(i'an IndiansC pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.(ePnetne9s.!(g/b!gs/t(iba!g/n'ai-iss6es-(ep!(t-'a(d-'!ng(essi!na-bis-a;;e'ting-native-a3e(i'ans-22245J
#:e Nati!na 8!ng(ess !; 73e(i'an Indians IN87IJ is disapp!inted t:at 8!ng(ess ;aied t! v!te !n t:e Rea6t:!(iPati!n !; t:e Indian Heat: 8a(e
I3p(!ve3ent 7't IIH8I7J !; 255/ I,. 1255J be;!(e ending its sessi!nC '!ntin6ing t! p6t t:e ives !; Native pe!pe at (isk.
H!9eve(C N87I is en'!6(aged t:at 8!ng(ess did pass s!3e s6bstantia Indian-spe'i;i' bis t:at 9i a;;e't Native ':id(en and ;a3iiesC p(!vide adeN6ate :!6sing and extend tax
in'entives ;!( b6sinesses !n (ese(vati!ns.
Q,eve(a 3e3be(s !; 8!ng(ess p(!3ised Indian 8!6nt(+ t:at t:e IH8I7 9!6d be passed in t:e 115t: sessi!nCQ said N87I *(esident L!e 7.
=a('ia. Q,ad+ it did n!tC and sad+ Indian pe!pe 9i '!ntin6e t! s6;;e( ;(!3 ast!6nding :eat: dispa(ities. A6t 9e 'an 'ai3 vi't!(+
!n !t:e( Indian-spe'i;i' bis t:at :ave been 3!ved t:(!6g: 8!ng(essC in'6ding passage !; t:e !ng-a9aited 1!ste( 8a(e ;ixC extensi!n !; despe(ate+ needed
Indian 8!6nt(+ tax in'entivesC (ea6t:!(iPati!n !; Indian :!6sing se(vi'es and !ng-a9aited (e'!gniti!n !; Native 73e(i'an 3iita(+ 8!de #ake(s.Q
Nati%e American =ealth -are *npop(lar in -on,ress
0F(nFa 23 .earnin, &eso(rces -enter> Palo Alto -olle,e
I=e!(ge OP6nPa L(C %Native 73e(i'ans&C *a! 7t! 8!egeC pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.a''d.ed6/pa'/('/nativea3.:t3J
Q#!da+C 8!ng(ess (e;6ses t! :!n!( its t(6st (esp!nsibiities 9:i': entai bii!ns !; d!a(s !9ed t! t:e t(ibes and individ6a Native 73e(i'ans...
QMan+ t(ibes :ave 3assive and and ass!'iated (es!6('esC b6t sin'e t:e 14t: 'ent6(+C t:e 0.,. g!ve(n3ent :as 3is3anaged t:ese (es!6('es. #(ibes :ave ;ied a9s6its t! !btain p(!pe(
a''!6nting !( 3!ne+ ;!( !sses s6;;e(ed ;(!3 ;6nd 3is-3anage3ent...
QIn 142.C David Hen(+C t:en an a''!6ntant ;!( t:e AI7C be9 t:e 9:iste !n ;(a6d6ent a''!6nting p(a'ti'es 9it:in t:e A6(ea6 Gand 9as ;i(edH... Yet t:e 3ainst(ea3 3ediaC 9at':d!g
!(ganiPati!nsC even g!ve(n3enta agen'ies and a9+e(s ign!(ed t:e st!(+...
Q7n independent a''!6nting ;i(3 :i(ed b+ Inte(i!( ;!6nd at east R2.4 bii!n 6na''!6nted ;!( b+ t(6st (e'!(ds... Inte(i!( :as 3ade (epeated atte3pts t! 'a'6ate t:e t(6st debt as t:!6g: it
(ea':ed ba'k !n+ a :and;6 !; +ea(sC b6t L6dge R!+'e La3be(t: (6ed t:at ins6;;i'ient. L6st as banks a(e (esp!nsibe ;!( eve(+ penn+ sin'e an a''!6nt is !penedC s! Inte(i!( is
!biged t! d! :ist!(i'a a''!6nting. YetC 8!ng(ess F6st app(!ved egisati!n t:at p6ts t:at a''!6nting !n :!d and dea+s F6sti'e t! pe!pe t(+ing t! (et(ieve t:ei( !9n 3!ne+...Q
IQ86t6(a Exte(3inati!n #:enC Exte(3inati!n !; 1is'a Resp!nsibiit+ N!9.Q 18NL Indian Rep!(tC Winte( 2554C 1J.
QD6e t! g(!ss+ ins6;;i'ient p(!visi!n !; ;6nds ;(!3 8!ng(essC :eat: 'a(e se(vi'es a(e--b+ de;a6t--(ati!ned in Indian 8!6nt(+...
7t:!6g: Indian :eat: 'a(e is a ;ede(a (esp!nsibiit+C denia !; 'a(e '!ntin6es despite t(eat+ !bigati!ns and seve(e
need... O6( g!ve(n3ent spends t9i'e as 36': !n :eat: 'a(e ;!( ;ede(a p(is!ne(s as ;!( Native 73e(i'ansQ IQ7n IneN6it+ #:at
M6st End.Q 18NL Indian Rep!(tC Winte( 2554C 4J.
")
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Politics =- *npop(lar
Nati%e American =ealth -are is (npop(lar
Balonic9 ;?1A?2" The Associated Press
IMa(+ 8a(e La!ni'kC %Native 73e(i'an 1a3iies 1ee Heat: 8a(e 8(6n':&C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.e3s1.'!3/e3s-p(!d6'ts/biing-
ad3inist(ati!n/a(ti'es/)524/)-Native-73e(i'an-;a3iies-;ee-:eat:-'a(e-'(6n':/J
On s!3e (ese(vati!nsC t:e !;t-N6!ted (e;(ain is Qd!nSt get si'k a;te( L6neCQ 9:en t:e ;ede(a d!a(s (6n !6t. ItSs a si'k F!keC and a sad !neC be'a6se itSs
s!3eti3es t(6eC espe'ia+ !n t:e p!!(est (ese(vati!ns 9:e(e (esidents 'ann!t a;;!(d :eat: ins6(an'e. O;;i'ias sa+ t:e+ :ave ab!6t :a; !; 9:at t:e+ need t!
!pe(ateC and patients kn!9 t:e+ 36st be d+ing !( ab!6t t! !se a i3b t! get se(i!6s 'a(e.
Weat:ie( t(ibes 'an s6ppe3ent t:e ;ede(a :eat: se(vi'e b6dget 9it: t:ei( !9n 3!ne+. A6t p!!(e( t(ibesC !;ten t:!se !n t:e 3!st (e3!te (ese(vati!nsC ;a( a9a+ ;(!3 'it+ :!spitasC a(e
st6'k 9it: g(!ss+ s6bstanda(d 'a(e. #:e agen'+ itse; des'(ibes a Q(ati!ned :eat: 'a(e s+ste3.Q
#:e sad ;a't is an !d ;a'tC t!!.
#:e 0.,. :as an !bigati!nC based !n a 1/2/ ag(ee3ent bet9een t(ibes and t:e g!ve(n3entC t! p(!vide 73e(i'an Indians 9it: ;(ee :eat: 'a(e !n
(ese(vati!ns. A6t t:at p(!3ise :as n!t been kept. 7b!6t !ne-t:i(d 3!(e is spent pe( 'apita !n :eat: 'a(e ;!( ;e!ns in ;ede(a p(is!nC a''!(ding t! 255) data ;(!3 t:e
:eat: se(vi'e.
In Was:ingt!nC a ;e9 a93ake(s :ave t(ied t! b(ing attenti!n t! t:e b(!ken s+ste3 as 8!ng(ess atte3pts t! i3p(!ve :eat: 'a(e ;!( 3ii!ns !; !t:e( 73e(i'ans. A6t tig:tening
b6dgets and t:e (eative+ s3a siPe !; t:e 73e(i'an Indian p!p6ati!n :ave 9!(ked against t:e3.
QIt is :ea(tb(eaking t! i3agine t:at o(r leaders in Washin,ton do not care C s! I 36st beieve t:at t:e+ d! n!t kn!9CQ L!e =a('iaC p(esident !; t:e
Nati!na 8!ng(ess !; 73e(i'an IndiansC said in :is ann6a state !; Indian nati!nsS add(ess in 1eb(6a(+
.
".
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Politics =elpin, Nati%es Pop(lar
Nati%e Americans iss(es pop(lar and democrats s(pport them
#rown 23 +ta77 writer at Politico
I8a(di;; A6d!;; A(!9nC %De3s 9!! Native 73e(i'an v!teC *!iti'!C )/24/52C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.p!iti'!.'!3/ne9s/st!(ies/5)52/15./.?*age2.:t3J
,en. Aa(a'k Oba3a :as d!ne it in 'it+ a;te( 'it+C p(ivate+ and N6iet+. Ae;!(e !( a;te( :is appea(an'es in ;(!nt !; '(!9ds !; t:!6sandsC :e (et(eats t! a :!ding (!!3 9it: a d!Pen !( 3!(e
Native 73e(i'an t(iba eade(s.
#:e (a(e+ p6bi'iPed 3eetings a(e !ne pie'e !; 9:at Indian 8!6nt(+ eade(s des'(ibe as an 6np(e'edented e;;!(t t:is +ea( b+ t:e p(esidentia ;ied t! pa+ :eed t! t:is s3a and :ist!(i'a+
!ve(!!ked v!ting b!'. In t:e past t9! 9eeks a!neC Oba3aC ,en. Hia(+ R!d:a3 8int!n and :e( :6sbandC ;!(3e( *(esident Ai 8int!nC 'a3paigned !n Indian
(ese(vati!ns a'(!ss ,!6t: Dak!ta and M!ntana as ,en. L!:n M'8ain 3et 9it: t(iba eade(s in Ne9 Mexi'!.
Making 6p ess t:an 2 pe('ent !; t:e 0.,. p!p6ati!n and '!n'ent(ated 3!st+ !6tside ke+ p(i3a(+ states in past ee'ti!n +ea(sC Native 73e(i'ans a(e seeing an 6pti'k in
p(!3inen'e be'a6se !; p!iti'a and ge!g(ap:i' (eaities.
#:e p(!!nged p(i3a(+ seas!n :as p6s:ed t:e '!ntest int! states 9it: a(ge( Native '!336nities X states t:at t+pi'a+ v!ted t!! ate t! att(a't 36': attenti!n ;(!3 p(esidentia
'andidates. Wit: t:e e3e(gen'e !; t:e M!6ntain West as t:e ne9est gene(a ee'ti!n batteg(!6ndC t:e Native v!te is 3!(e :ig:+ s!6g:t a;te( t:an eve( sin'e it
:as p(!ven t! be 3!biiPed and inst(63enta in (e'ent state9ide (a'es.
%#:is :as neve(C eve( :appened be;!(eC& said La'N6eine L!:ns!nC exe'6tive di(e't!( !; t:e Nati!na 8!ng(ess !; 73e(i'an IndiansC 9:i': is ne6t(a in t:e (a'e. %In 2554C 9e t:!6g:t it
9as a and3a(k 9:en 9e g!t a 3aF!(it+ !; t:e 'andidates t! 3ake a state3ent t! Indian 8!6nt(+ and '!3e t! !6( '!n;e(en'e.&
Native 73e(i'ans t(aditi!na+ and !ve(9:e3ing+ v!te De3!'(ati'C b6t eade(s said t:e+ expe't s!3e in t:ei( '!336nit+ t! at east '!nside( M'8ain
be'a6se !; :is :ist!(+ 9!(king !n t:ei( iss6es as a past ':ai(3an !; t:e ,enate Indian 7;;ai(s 8!33ittee.
"/
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Politics =elpin, Nati%es 80P s(pports
Nati%e American ser%ices pop(lar with 80P
Taliman 22 Indian co(ntr) Toda)
I<ae(ie #ai3anC %*!iti's and Indian 8!6nt(+ in 2555&C 15/11/2555C Indian 8!6nt(+ #!da+C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.indian'!6nt(+t!da+.'!3/a(':ive/2214.)44.:t3J
7pesana:k9atC ':ai(3an !; t:e Men!3inee Nati!n !; Wis'!nsin and a i;e!ng Rep6bi'anC said :e !pp!ses De3!'(ati' initiatives t:at :ave
pe(pet6ated Indian pe!peSs dependen'e !n t:e g!ve(n3ent. QIt g!es against 9:! 9e a(e as Native pe!pe. #(aditi!na+C 9e
9e(e a9a+s se;-s6;;i'ient. #:e Rep6bi'an p:i!s!p:+ t:at g!ve(n3ent s:!6d n!t be inv!ved in s6bsidiPing pe!peSs
i;est+es is si3ia( t! !6( t(aditi!na de'ent(aiPed ;!(3s !; g!ve(nan'e.Q
"2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Politics =- Pop(lar
Nati%e =ealth -are is politicall) pop(lar this answers )o(r (nder7(nded5 ar,(ments
Willard 21 *(!;ess!( in t:e Depa(t3ents !; 7nt:(!p!!g+ and 8!3pa(ative 73e(i'an 86t6(es at Was:ingt!n ,tate 0
(Wiia3 Wia(dC %7 *!iti'a Hist!(+ !; t:e Indian Heat: ,e(vi'e&C #:e 7ss!'iati!n !; 73e(i'an Indian Resea(':C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//36se.F:6.ed6/F!6(nas/9i'aP!?sa?(evie9/v51./1..19ia(d52.:t3J
1e9 b(ig:t sp!ts exist in t:e :ist!(+ !; en'!6nte(s bet9een t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent and 73e(i'an Indians. One ex'epti!nC t:e a6t:!(s !; t:is
a(ti'e beieveC is t:e 'a3paign !; t:e Indian Heat: ,e(vi'e t! i3p(!ve Indian :eat:. #:e+ as! beieve t:at t:e 'a3paign :as (aised t:e eves !; Indian
:eat: t! ab!6t t:e sa3e eve as t:e gene(a 0.,. p!p6ati!nC 9it: t:e 'aveat t:at 3!(tait+ and 3!(bidit+ !; Indians (e3ains ve(+ di;;e(ent ;(!3 !t:e(
73e(i'an p!p6ati!ns.
W:at 3akes t:e st!(+ (e3a(kabe is t:at t:e advan'es !''6((ed in spite !; 6nde(;6nding and s'ant s6pp!(t ;(!3 t:e Depa(t3ent !;
Heat:C Ed6'ati!nC and We;a(e In!9 Heat: and H63an ,e(vi'esJC 9:e(e t:e Indian Heat: ,e(vi'e IIH,J is
ad3inist(ative+ !dged. #:ese i3p(!ve3ents 'a3e ab!6t be'a6se !; visi!nC st6bb!(nnessC and p!iti'a kn!9-:!9 b+
Indian Heat: ,e(vi'e di(e't!(s and s6pp!(t ;(!3 power7(l allies in -on,ress and t:e W:ite H!6se and a ;e9 t(iba
eade(s.
#:e a6t:!(s ;!'6s !n t:e ;i(st ;ive IH, di(e't!(sC beginning in 14))C 9:en t:e Indian Heat: ,e(vi'e 9as t(ans;e((ed ;(!3 t:e A6(ea6 !; Indian 7;;ai(s t! t:e *6bi' Heat: ,e(vi'eC and
ending in 1444. Ea': !; t:ese di(e't!(s :ad a di;;e(ent set !; st(engt:s and p6ed IH, in t:e di(e'ti!ns !; t:!se st(engt:s. #:e a6t:!(s p(esent t:ese st(engt:s as b6iding !n ea': !t:e( in
p!sitive 9a+s.
#:e 3aF!( p!iti'a s6pp!(t ;!( t:e ':anges t:e di(e't!(s s!6g:t GEnd *age 1.4H t! 3ake 'a3e ;(!3 s!3e s6(p(ising s!6('esM *(esident Ri':a(d Nix!nC ,enat!( Hen(+ La'ks!n !;
Was:ingt!n ,tateC and ,enat!(s Aa((+ =!d9ate( and *a6 1annin !; 7(iP!na. #:ese p!9e(;6 p!iti'ians :ad t:e pe(s!na '!6t t! p6s: t:e ':anges
t:(!6g: 8!ng(ess 9it:!6t se(i!6s !pp!siti!n.
"4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Politics Indians Power7(l
Nati%e Americans 9e) to political a,enda
Taliman 22 Indian co(ntr) Toda)
I<ae(ie #ai3anC %*!iti's and Indian 8!6nt(+ in 2555&C 15/11/2555C Indian 8!6nt(+ #!da+C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.indian'!6nt(+t!da+.'!3/a(':ive/2214.)44.:t3J
,!3e a;;6ent t(ibes :ave F!ined t:e (anks !; big d!n!(s t! t:e 3aF!( pa(tiesC !t:e(s :ave p6s:ed t! (egiste( 3!(e v!te(s and
a6n':ed 'a3paigns t! get t:e3 t! t:e p!s.
0nN6esti!nab+C t:e next eade( !; t:e 9!(dOs !n+ s6pe(p!9e( 9i exe(t t(e3end!6s '!nt(! !ve( t:e ives !; Native 73e(i'ansC
and t! s!3e extentC !t:e( Indigen!6s pe!pes 9!(d9ide. #:e ne9 p(esident 9i de'ide :!9 36': ;ede(a ;6nding t! app(!p(iate
;!( t(iba p(!g(a3sC :!9 36': W:ite H!6se a''ess 9i be a;;!(ded t! Indian nati!nsC and 9:et:e( t:e(e 9i be s6pp!(t !( s6bve(si!n !; t(iba s!ve(eignt+.
Nati%e Americans ha%e massi%e political in7l(ence
+(nn(c9s 2A The #(siness Bo(rnal
IMike ,6nn6'ksC %=a3ing a!9s t(ibes t! ;ex p!iti'a 36s'e&C *:!enix A6siness L!6(naC 12/1//54C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.biPF!6(nas.'!3/p:!enix/st!(ies/2554/12/25/st!(+2.:t3J
#:e next p(esident '!6d app!int as 3an+ as t:(ee ,6p(e3e 8!6(t F6sti'esC 9:! 9i de'ide i3p!(tant 'ases (ega(ding t(iba and
and 9ate( (ig:tsC (eigi!6s and '6t6(a p(!te'ti!nsC ':aenges t! Indian ga3ing and a 9ide a((a+ !; !t:e( iss6es. #:e app!int3ent !; 3!(e '!nse(vative F6dges '!6d
se(i!6s+ 6nde(3ine p(!te'ti!ns ;!( Indian '!6nt(+ and e(!de signi;i'ant gains 3ade !ve( t:e ast 'ent6(+.
16s: 9it: ne9 'as: ;(!3 in'(eased ga3ing in t:e state and a9a(e t:e+ a(e a ke+ v!ting b!'kC Indian t(ibes a(e sta(ting t! ;ex t:ei( p!iti'a
36s'es at t:e state 8apit!C in Was:ingt!n and at t:e ba!t b!x.
7(iP!na t(ibes a(e :i(ing 3!(e !bb+ists and '!nt(ib6ting a(ge s63s t! ;av!(ed 'andidates t! p(!te't t:ei( ga3ing inte(ests and t! b(ing
3!(e state and ;ede(a (es!6('es t! t:e (ese(vati!ns.
Q#:e+ a(e ve(+ st(!ng p!iti'a+ and :ave t:e best pe!pe 9!(king ;!( t:e3CQ said Lai3e M!e(aC a !bb+ist and !ne !; t:e stateSs t!p Rep6bi'ans.
Native 73e(i'an t(ibes in 7(iP!na a(e in'(easing+ vie9ed as ke+ pa+e(s in t:e state a!ng 9it: b6siness g(!6psC Hispani's and M!(3!ns. #:e ,at Rive( *i3a-
Ma(i'!pa Indian 8!336nit+C ;!( exa3peC 9as !ne !; t:e t!p sp!ns!(s !; t:e O't!be( p(esidentia debate in #e3pe.
,tate (egist(ies s:!9 t:at t(ibes s6': as ,at Rive(C NavaF! Nati!n and 1!(t M'D!9e Yavapai Nati!n :ave t!p !bb+ists in t:ei( e3p!+ at t:e 7(iP!na Legisat6(e. #:e 25-+ea( ga3ing
pa't app(!ved b+ v!te(s in 2552 expanded t(iba 'asin!s in t:e state and s:!9ed t:e p!iti'a 36s'es !; t:e t(ibes.
QI t:ink t:at t(ibes a(e be'!3ing 3!(e p!iti'a+ a'tive in a a(eas !; t:e p!iti'a p(!'ess -- n!t F6st in 7(iP!na b6t a !ve( t:e '!6nt(+CQ said
,:eia M!(ag!C exe'6tive di(e't!( !; t:e 7(iP!na Indian =a3ing 7ss!'iati!n. QI beieve t:e p!iti'a 'apita 9e :ave is !6( v!ting ;!('e. 7s 9e :ave s:!9nC 9e 'an 3ake !6( v!i'es :ea(d
in ee'ti!ns in t:e dist(i'ts 9:e(e 9e (eside.Q
#(iba adv!'ates and t:!se ;a3iia( 9it: ga3ing in 7(iP!na d! n!t expe't a p6s: eit:e( ;(!3 t:e state !( t(ibes t! ':ange t:e '6((ent Indian 'asin! st(6't6(e. ,6': e;;!(ts :ave !''6((ed in
8ai;!(nia and !t:e( states 9:en 'as:-st(apped state a93ake(s !!ked ;!( a bigge( si'e !; ga3ing (even6e.
#:e Legisat6(e 'ann!t 6nd! v!te(s app(!va !; t:e 2552 '!3pa't. #:at pan as! a!9s ;!( ga3ing t! be !pened 6p t! (a'et(a'ks and !t:e( ;a'iities i; t:e t(ibes !!k t! expand t:ei(
'asin!sC said Ma(k A(n!vi':C di(e't!( !; t:e =!d9ate( Instit6te t:ink tank.
QIt is 6nike+ t:at an+ p(!p!sed ':ange t! t:e '6((ent state !; ga3bing in 7(iP!na 9i be s6''ess;6+ 9it:!6t t:e ag(ee3ent !; t:e t(iba
g!ve(n3entsCQ said A(n!vi':.
Nati%e Americans ha%e rapidl) increasin, political clo(t
-apoFFa 22 Nati%e iss(es writer 7or New -ali7ornia 6edia
IB!(en 8ap!PPaC %Native 73e(i'ansE Ne9 8!6t 8at':es ,!3e O;; =6a(d&C 52-12-55C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.pa'i;i'ne9s.!(g/Finn/st!(ies/..1./555212-
native.:t3J
7t t:is +ea(Ss De3!'(ati' '!nventi!n !ne t!p-tie( d!n!( 'a6g:t p!iti'ians !;; g6a(d -- Native 73e(i'ans.
16s: 9it: ga3ing d!a(sC t:e !n'e i3p!ve(is:ed 3in!(it+ g(!6p :as p63ped 3ii!ns int! DN8 '!;;e(s and att(a'ted an a-sta(
ine6p !; p!9e(;6 p!iti'a pe(s!naities t! inti3ate gat:e(ings 9it: Native 73e(i'an deegates and t(iba (ep(esentatives. A6t t:e
;eat6(ed speake(s 9e(enSt a9a+s at ease 9it: t:e ne9est g(!6p t! F!in t:e (anks !; 6ppe(-e':e!n d!n!(s. A+ t:e end !; t:e '!nventi!n s!3e Native 73e(i'an pa(ti'ipants 9e(e ea(ning
t:at 3!ne+ is t:e N6i'kest 9a+ t! an attentive ea( ;(!3 Was:ingt!n b6t a''eptan'e int! t:e ve(+ 9:ite 9!(d !; nati!na p!iti's is a sepa(ate batte.
#:e DN8 9as t:e ;i(st nati!na '!nventi!n 9:e(e 73e(i'an Indians 9e(e a p!iti'a a ;!('e t! be (e'k!ned 9it: -- nea(+ 155 Native 73e(i'an
deegates attended t:e '!nventi!n. ,!3eti3es (ivaing t:e ine6p at t:e ,tapes 8ente(C t:e Native 73e(i'an 8a6'6s (ented a (e'epti!n (!!3 in t:e 6ps'ae Westin
A!navent6(e :!te 9:e(e it ;eat6(ed :ig:-p(!;ie speake(s t:(!6g:!6t t:e 9eek. Mi((!(ing !t:e( '!(p!(ate d!n!(sC t:e Native 73e(i'an Q!6ngeQ 9as st!'ked 9it: p(!3!ti!na b!tted
9ate( sp!ns!(ed b+ t:e M!(!ng! band !; Missi!n Indians and ':!'!ate Qs!ve(eignt+ ba(sQ as! e3baP!ned 9it: t:e t(ibeSs !g!.
Native 73e(i'an '!6t 9as !n dispa+ 9:en it ki'ked !;; t:e ;i(st da+ !; t:e '!nventi!n 9it: a ke+n!te add(ess ;(!3 Ene(g+ ,e'(eta(+ Ai Ri':a(ds!n. On 76g. 1.C
,e'(eta(+ !; Heat: and H63an ,e(vi'es D!nna ,:aaa and ,e'(eta(+ !; 7g(i'6t6(e Dan =i'k3an sp!ke t! t:e '(!9d. #:e '!6p-dSetat 'a3e !n t:e se'!nd da+ !; t:e '!nventi!n 9:en
t:e 'a6'6s 9as abe t! d(a9 vi'e p(esidentia 'andidate L!sep: Leibe(3an t! add(ess t:e Native 73e(i'an a6dien'e.
45
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
N(9e Waste 1A 1nc
A. Impo%erished Nati%e Americans willin, to accept n(clear waste
Washin,ton Post 2!
I%,t!(age *an app(!ved ;!( N6'ea( Waste&C 54/15/5)C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.9as:ingt!np!st.'!3/9p-
d+n/'!ntent/a(ti'e/255)/54/54/7R255)5454514").:t3J
#:e de'isi!n b+ t:e N6'ea( Reg6at!(+ 8!33issi!n t! g(ant a i'ense ;!( t:e ;a'iit+ 'e3ented a pa't 3ade nea(+ a de'ade ag! bet9een st(ange bed;e!9sM
6tiit+ be:e3!t:s t:at 9anted t! get t!ns !; (adi!a'tive 9aste !;; t:ei( :ands and an !bs'6(e Native 73e(i'an t(ibe t:at 9as
9iing t! !;;e( its and in ex':ange ;!( a sti-6ndis'!sed s63 !; 3!ne+.
W:ie p6bi' 9aste st!(age pans s6': as Y6''a M!6ntain :ave been pag6ed b+ p!iti'a 3ane6ve(ing and n!t-in-3+-ba'k +a(d ;ig:ts in 8!ng(essC *(ivate 16e ,t!(ageC t:e '!3pan+ t:at 9i
b6id t:e ne9 ;a'iit+C s6''ess;6+ a(g6ed t:at its ag(ee3ent 9as bet9een a p(ivate '!(p!(ati!n and a s!ve(eign t(ibe and t:e(e;!(e n!t
s6bFe't t! t:e sa3e deg(ee !; p6bi' (evie9. Envi(!n3enta g(!6ps and t:e state !; 0ta: :ave t(ied (epeated+ t! inte(vene b6t :ave ;aied.
Q7(e +!6 bette( !;; :aving a singe site t:at 'an be !!ked a;te( !( /2 individ6a sitesC s!3e !; 9:i': 3a+ be !n t:e banks !; a g(eat ake !( a (ive( !( 6pst(ea3 !; a 3aF!( 'it+TQ asked La+
,ibe(gC a Was:ingt!n a9+e( ;!( *(ivate 16e ,t!(age.
#:e te(3s !; t:e '!3pan+Ss a((ange3ent 9it: t:e ,k6 <ae+ Aand !; =!s:6te Indians :ave n!t been dis'!sed. ,ibe(g said t:at 9as p(!p(ieta(+ b6siness in;!(3ati!n.
QI; I 9e(e st!(ing 'aniste(s !; (!'k ;!( s!3e!ne eseC +!6 9!6d n!t ne'essa(i+ :ave t:e (ig:t t! get t:at in;!(3ati!nCQ :e said. ,t!(ing n6'ea( 9aste is n! di;;e(ent ex'ept 9:en it '!3es t!
sa;et+ iss6esC :e addedC and t:!se :ave inv!ved engt:+ p6bi' deibe(ati!ns and t:!6sands !; pages !; d!'63ents.
,ibe(g said t:e site event6a+ '!6d :!d as 36': as 45C555 t!ns !; spent ;6eC t:e (adi!a'tive b+p(!d6't !; n6'ea( p!9e( pants. #:e
9aste 9!6d sit in p!9e(;6+ b6it 'asks !n '!n'(ete padsC si3ia( t! t:e 9a+ it '6((ent+ is st!(ed at 3an+ !; t:e nati!nSs 15" pants. #:e ea(iest t:e
site '!6d be'!3e !pe(ati!na 9!6d be 255/C ,ibe(g said.
41
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
N(9e Waste 1A Po%ert) N Accept Waste
Nati%e Americans choose n(clear waste o%er po%ert)
#i,,ers 2" 73e(i'an A!!k 79a(d- 9inning a6t:!(
ILe;; Aigge(sC %=(een L!bsM A!!n ;!( native 73e(i'a&C 51/52/54C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.g(ist.!(g/a(ti'e/,p(ing-9ind-(ising-;(!3-,and-8(eek/5
Native '!336nities :ave been ta(geted in a p(!p!sas ;!( !ng-te(3 n6'ea( 9aste st!(age.
W:en '!nside(ing ene(g+ and 'i3ate ':ange p!i'+C it is i3p!(tant t:at t:e W:ite H!6se and ;ede(a agen'ies '!nside( t:e :ist!(+ !; ene(g+ and 3ine(a exp!itati!n and t(ibesC and t:e
p!tentia t! '(eate a d(a3ati' ':ange 9it: inn!vative p!i'ies. #!! !;ten t(ibes a(e p(esented 9it: a ;ase ':!i'eM eit:e( deve!p p!6ting
ene(g+ (es!6('es !( (e3ain in di(e p!ve(t+.
Re'!gniPing t:at 6ne3p!+3ent and p!ve(t+ (ates !n Indian (ese(vati!ns a(e t9i'e t:e nati!na ave(age and t:at a a(ge pa(t !; (ese(vati!n
:!6sing is ene(g+ ine;;i'ient and a'ks adeN6ate 9eat:e(iPati!nC t:e Native g(!6ps 'aed ;!( ;ede(a s6pp!(t t! %!9n and !pe(ate a ne9 '(!p
!; (ene9abe ee't(i'it+ gene(ating in;(ast(6't6(e p(!viding t:e d6a bene;its !; !9 'a(b!n p!9e( and g(een e'!n!3i'
deve!p3ent 9:e(e it is needed 3!st.&
42
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
N(9e Waste 1A Po%ert) N Accept Waste
Nati%e American poor accept n(clear waste
@amps 2! N(clear In7ormation and &eso(rce +er%ice
IBevin Ba3psC %Radi!a'tive Ra'is3M #:e Hist!(+ !; #a(geting Native 73e(i'an 8!336nities 9it: Hig:-Leve 7t!3i' Waste D63psC 54/14/5)C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.'itiPen.!(g/d!'63ents/(adi!a'tive(a'is3.pd;J
7''!(ding t! t:e 1445 0.,. 8ens6s It:e ve(+ ti3e pe(i!d 9:en t:e 0.,. n6'ea( estabis:3ent intensi;ied and a''ee(ated its ta(geting !; Native 73e(i'an '!336nities 9it: :ig:-
eve (adi!a'tive 9aste d63psC as s:!9n be!9JC !ve( "1\ !; Native 73e(i'ans iving !n (ese(vati!ns :ad in'!3es be!9 t:e ;ede(a p!ve(t+ ine."
7;te( 'ent6(ies !; !pp(essi!n and d!3inati!nC st(ipped !; t:ei( andsC (es!6('esC and t(aditi!na g!ve(n3entsC t:ese '!336nities a'k p!iti'a p!9e(C and
despe(ate+ need e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent. #:e %t(iba s!ve(eignt+& !; Native 73e(i'ansC 9:i': 3akes t:ei( ands exe3pt ;(!3 state a9 and 3an+
envi(!n3enta (eg6ati!nsC !n+ in'(eases t:ei( att(a'tiveness as ta(gets ;!( ;a'iities 6n9anted ese9:e(e. Native 73e(i'ans :ave
a(ead+ disp(!p!(ti!nate+ b!(ne t:e b(6nt !; t:e i3pa'ts ;(!3 t:e n6'ea( ;6e ':ain !ve( t:e past .5 +ea(s.4 In t:e 'ase !;
(adi!a'tive 9aste st!(age and disp!saC t:e n6'ea( p!9e( estabis:3ent in ind6st(+ and g!ve(n3ent is si3p+ taking advantage !; t:ese v6ne(abe '!336nitiesC atte3pting
t! :ide ;(!3 envi(!n3enta (eg6ati!n and 9idesp(ead p6bi' !pp!siti!n be:ind t:e s:ied !; t(iba s!ve(eignt+.
Poor Nati%e American tri'es accept ,rants 7or n(clear waste stora,e
8ross 21 *(!;ess!( Y A!st!n 0nive(sit+ ,':!! !; La9
IL!:n Ba( =(!ssC %N6'ea( Native 73e(i'aM N6'ea( Waste and Liabiit+ !n t:e ,k6 <ae+ =!s:6te Rese(vati!n&C A!st!n 0nive(sit+C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.b6.ed6/a9/'ent(a/Fd/!(ganiPati!ns/F!6(nas/s'ite':/v!63e/1/g(!ss.pd;J
#:e =!s:6tes initia inte(est in :!sting a spent ;6e s:!(tage ;a'iit+ a(!se ;(!3 t:e t(ibes deaings 9it: t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent. In 1441C t:e
Neg!tiat!( began '!nta'ting state and t(iba g!ve(n3ents seeking a v!6ntee( t! :!st a ;ede(a MR, ;a'iit+. Initia g(ants !; R155C555 9e(e 3ade avaiabe t!
t:!se inte(ested in st6d+ing t:e ;easibiit+ !; 3aintaining a MR, site !n t:ei( and. #9ent+ appi'ati!nsC in'6ding !ne ;(!3 t:e ,k6 <ae+
=!s:6tesC 9e(e (e'eived ;!( t:e ;easibiit+ g(ans. #:e =!s:6tes 6sed t:is 3!ne+ t! st6d+ n6'ea( 9aste p(!Fe'ts in E6(!pe and Lapan. 7;te( '!ntin6ing neg!tiati!ns and
additi!na g(antsC t:e =!s:6tes and t:(ee !t:e( #(ibes (e3ained in '!nta't 9it: t:e Neg!tiat!(. H!9eve(C in 1444C 8!ng(ess a!9ed a6t:!(iPati!n ;!( t:e Neg!titat!( t! exp(e.
Neg!tiati!ns bet9een t:e t(ibes and t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent te(3inated s!!n a;te(.
8!n'e(ened t:at t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent 9!6d be 6nabe t! disp!se !; t:ei( spent ;6e be;!(e t:e+ ex'eeded t:ei( !n-site st!(age 'apa'it+C a n63be( !; n6'ea( 6tiities
;!(3ed a '!ns!(ti63 t! seek !6t ate(native 3eans !; st!(age. #:e '!ns!(ti63C *(ivate 16e ,t!(age I%*1,&JC app(!a':ed t:e =!s:6tes s:!(t+ a;te( t:e t(ibeEs
neg!tiati!ns 9it: t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent ended. *1, 9as inte(ested in '!nst(6'ting a p(ivate+-!9ned and $ !pe(tated ;a'iit+C si3ia( t! t:e
6n(eaiPed MR, ;a'iitiesC t! st!(e t:e spent ;6e p(!d6'ed b+ t:e '!ns!(ti63Es 3e3be(s. #:e p(!p!sed ;a'iit+ 9!6d be !'ated !n (ese(vati!n
and eased t! t:e '!ns!(ti63 b+ t:e t(ibe.
Poor Nati%e American Tri'es 9een on acceptin, n(clear waste
Bohnson 2! #:e Ne9 Y!(k #i3es
IBi(k L!:ns!nC %7 #(ibeC Ni3be and Dete(3inedC M!ves a:ead 9it: N6'ea( ,t!(age *an&C 52/22/5)C pg !nine Y :ttpM//N6e(+.n+ti3es.'!3/gst/;6page.:t3T
(es>4252E2DA1)"D14"A71)/)18574."482A."@page9anted>aJ
#:e =!s:6te Indians a(e n!t 3ig:t+ in n63be(C ;inan'ia 'apita !( p!iti'a '!6t. Wit: !n+ ab!6t 125 3e3be(sC t:ei( t(ibe :as 3!st+ been a ;!!tn!te
in t:e !ng saga !; 73e(i'an Indian :ist!(+ in t:e West.
#:ei( (ese(vati!nC F6st sig:t+ bigge( t:an Man:attanC is 3!st+ e3pt+ -- a 9inds9ept and !; sage and s'(6b )5 3ies 9est !; ,at Lake 8it+.
A6t !ve( t:e ast eig:t +ea(s t:e =!s:6tes I;!(3a+ t:e ,k6 <ae+ Aand !; =!s:6tesJ :ave !6tastedC !6t9itted and !6tpa+ed p!9e(;6 ;!('es a((a+ed against t:e3C
as t:e+ :ave s!6g:t t! b6id 9:at 9!6d be t:e nati!nSs biggest b6nke( ;!( t:e st!(age !; :ig:+ (adi!a'tive 9aste.
,!3e t(iba 3e3be(s sa+ s6': a ;a'iit+ 9!6d give t:e3 an e'!n!3i' b!!st in an a(ea !; t:e state 9:e(e Indians :ave :ad ;e9
envi(!n3enta+ ;(iend+ !pti!ns.
This is no simple David and Goliath tale, however much the Goshutes may seem to be the little tribe that could. Tribal leaders
admit that t:e+ :ave big ba'ke(s ;!( t:ei( pan and that the utility industry consortium that wants to build t:e R"
bii!n pantC 'aed *(ivate 16e ,t!(ageC :as bank(!ed t:e ega ;ig:t.
4"
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
N(9e Waste 1A +tora,e 9e) to N(9e Ener,)
N(clear waste is the ,reatest o'str(ction towards de%elopin, n(clear power
.indsa) 22 En%ironmentalist 7or -+A
IHeat:e( E. Lindsa+C %N6'ea( ene(g+ iss6es&C Nati!na 8!6n'i ;!( ,'ien'e and t:e Envi(!n3entC Ma(': 2552C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.'sa.'!3/dis'!ve(+g6ides/e(n/523a(/!ve(vie9.p:pT,ID>;4kF;!5(.s4b.4"d2F'p:d2v4J
A6t pe(:aps t:e g(eatest p(!be3 ass!'iated 9it: n6'ea( p!9e( is 9aste disp!saC as des'(ibed in t:e 8!ng(essi!na ,e(vi'e Resea(': I8R,J Rep!(tC 8iviian
N6'ea( Waste Disp!sa ILan6a(+ 11C 2552J. N6'ea( ene(g+ p(!d6'ti!n '(eates (adi!a'tive 9aste t:at 'ann!t be (e'+'ed !( disp!sed !; b+ '!nventi!na 3eans. ,!3e !; t:e
;!(3s !; (adi!a'tive 9aste in'6de spent n6'ea( ;6e (!dsC t:e 3!st dange(!6s t+pe !; 9asteO !9-eve 9asteC in'6ding gene(a (adiati!n-'!nta3inated 3ate(iaO and 6(ani63
3i taiings. We d! n!t +et p!ssess t:e te':n!!g+ t! disp!se !; t:is 9aste p(!pe(+C s! it is piing 6p at n6'ea( ;a'iities a !ve( t:e '!6nt(+.
One !pti!n ;!( n6'ea( 9aste disp!sa is st!(age in a !ng-te(3 ;a'iit+C 9:e(e (adi!a'tive 3ate(ias '!6d de'a+ 6ndist6(bed. M!st is!t!pes de'a+ t! sa;e eves
9it:in de'adesO t:e 3!st pe(sistent 9!6d (eN6i(e 15C555 +ea(s t! be'!3e :a(3ess. #:e N6'ea( Waste *!i'+ 7't !; 1422
6
(eN6i(ed t:e Depa(t3ent !; Ene(g+ IDOEJ t!
begin '!e'ting n6'ea( 9aste ;(!3 '!33e('ia p!9e( pants and t(ans;e((ing it t! a !ng-te(3 st!(age ;a'iit+ b+ 1442O :!9eve(C p!!( p(!g(a3 3anage3ent
and dea+s in ;6ndingC a6t:!(iPati!nC and st!(age ;a'iit+ '!nst(6'ti!n 'a6sed t:e DOE t! 3iss t:is deadine. 7s a (es6tC a
n63be( !; p!9e( pants a(e s6ing t:e DOE ;!( t:e '!sts t:e+ 9i in'6( b+ '!ntin6ing t! st!(e spent n6'ea( ;6e (!ds and
!t:e( (adi!a'tive 9aste.
86((ent st!(age te':niN6es t:at a(e being 6sed b+ p!9e( pants in'6de '!!ing t:e 9astes 6nde(9ate( ;!( seve(a +ea(sC vit(i;+ing t:e3 Iseaing t:e3 in gassJC and st!(ing t:e3 in '!n'(ete
b6nke(s ab!veg(!6nd.
N(clear waste stora,e is critical to de%elopin, n(clear power
=ir(o 23 ,eni!( edit!( Y *atts N6'ea( 16e
IEaine Hi(6!C %Ind6st(+ sea(': ;!( inte(i3 st!(age ;inds t9! p!tentia v!6ntee( sites&C *atts N6'ea( 16e Was:ingt!nC 52/11/52C exisJ
ItSs ti3eC 9:ie n6'ea( p!9e( is !n t:e ve(ge !; a (es6(gen'eC t! !!k at t:e idea !; nati!na inte(i3 st!(ageC Le(!+ said 76g6st / d6(ing an inte(vie9. ItSs 3!(e
evident n!9 Qt:at n6'ea( p!9e( is an ans9e( and n!t a p(!be3CQ :e saidC adding t:at t:en as! 3akes !ng-te(3 st!(age a s!6ti!n.
DOE sent a (ep!sit!(+ i'ense appi'ati!n t! NR8 in L6neC s:!9ing p(!g(ess in t:e (ep!sit!(+ p(!g(a3C :e said. A6t :e added t:at N6esti!ns sti s6((!6nd t:at p(!g(a3C s6': 9:en a (ep!sit!(+
panned ;!( Y6''a M!6ntainC Nevada 9i !pen and 9:at its disp!sa 'apa'it+ 9i be.
Q#:e need ;!( an inte(i3 st!(age s!6ti!n is t:e next nati!na p(!be3 F6st !ve( t:e :!(iP!nCQ Le(!+ said. #:e Qte3p!(a(+ s!6ti!nQ !; Q!nsite
st!(age 9i '!ntin6e t! be 6nde( st(ess and 9i n!t be a s!6ti!n i; t:is nati!na 9aste dia!g6e '!ntin6es ;!( 3an+ 3!(e +ea(sCQ :e said.
DOE 9aste p(!g(a3 di(e't!( Wa(d ,p(!at :as (epeated+ d!9npa+ed inte(i3 st!(ageC sa+ing itSs n!t a s!6ti!n. ,p(!at t!d a H!6se s6b'!33ittee ast 3!nt: ast 3!nt: t:at s6': a ;a'iit+
9!6dnSt be avaiabe 6nti a(!6nd t:e ti3e a (ep!sit!(+ at Y6''a M!6ntain begins !pe(ating. He ate( t!d !;;i'ias at a n6'ea( ene(g+ '!n;e(en'e t:at p!iti'a s6pp!(t ;!(
inte(i3 st!(age 'an be ;eeting and t:at a6t:!(ities 9:! ag(ee t! s6': a ;a'iit+ Q9!nSt be t:e(eQ b+ t:e ti3e t:e p(!Fe't is '!3peted IN1C 22 L6+C 1"J.
Last 9eekC :!9eve(C Le(!+ st(essedC QItSs t:e pe(;e't ti3e t! (edesign and (e-p(!p!se a neg!tiat!(.Q ,6': an !;;i'ia 9!6d :ave t:e p!9e( and p(estige t! :ead a
nati!na sea(': b6t 9!6d as! be Qs6;;i'ient+ independentQ t! 9!(k 9it: '!336nities and states t! 3eet t:ei( needsC :e said.
*a6 =6nte(C di(e't!( !; (ea't!( !ve(sig:t at t:e antin6'ea( g(!6p Ae+!nd N6'ea(C ate ast 3!nt: '(iti'iPed t:e ind6st(+ sea(':C sa+ing t:at Qabsent a de3!nst(ated and
app(!ved !ng-te(3 st!(age pan ;!( n6'ea( 9asteC an+ ne9 d63p is a pe(3anent site.Q
N(clear waste stora,e is a 9e) component o7 the N(clear power ind(str)
Thin9E(est "3
I%N6'ea( Waste ,t!(age&C 1442C pg !nine Y :ttpM//ib(a(+.t:inkN6est.!(g/1/445/texts/n6'ea(?9aste?st!(age/n6'ea(?9aste?st!(age.:t3J
#:e 3aF!( p(!be3 !; n6'ea( 9aste is 9:at t! d! 9it: it. In ;a'tC !ne !; t:e biggest Iand pe(:aps the sin,le 'i,,estJ expenses o7 the n(clear
power ind(str) '!6d event6a+ be the stora,e o7 n(clear waste . 86((ent+ t:e(e a(e seve(a 9a+s in 9:i': n6'ea( 9aste is st!(ed. M!st !; t:ese 3et:!ds a(e
te3p!(a(+. In 3!st 'ases a viabe !ng-te(3 s!6ti!n ;!( 9aste st!(age :as +et t! be ;!6nd. #:is is be'a6se t:e ti3e pe(i!d ;!( st!(age is s! in'(edib+ !ngC !n t:e !(de( !; t:!6sands !;
+ea(s.#:e(e a(e 3an+ ideas ab!6t 9:at t! d! 9it: n6'ea( 9aste. #:e !9-eve In!t ext(e3e+ (adi!a'tiveJ 9aste 'an !;ten be b6(ied nea( t:e s6(;a'e !; t:e ea(t:. It is n!t ve(+ dange(!6s
and 6s6a+ 9i :ave !st 3!st !; its (adi!a'tivit+ in a '!6pe :6nd(ed +ea(s. #:e :ig:-eve 9asteC '!3p(ised 3!st+ !; spent ;6e (!dsC is :a(de( t! get (id !;. #:e(e a(e sti pans
;!( its disp!saC :!9eve(. ,!3e !; t:ese in'6de b6(+ing t:e 9aste 6nde( t:e !'ean ;!!(C st!(ing it 6nde(g(!6ndC and s:!!ting it int! spa'e. #:e 3!st p(!3ising !pti!n s! ;a( is
b6(+ing t:e 9aste in t:e g(!6nd. #:is is 'aed Qdeep ge!!gi'a disp!saQ. Ae'a6se a spent ;6e (!d '!ntains 3ate(ia t:at takes t:!6sands !; +ea(s t!
be'!3e stabe Iand n!n-(adi!a'tiveJC it 36st be '!ntained ;!( a ve(+ !ng ti3e. I; it is n!t '!ntainedC it '!6d '!3e in '!nta't 9it:
:63an p!p6ati!n 'ente(s and 9idi;eC p!sing a g(eat dange( t! t:e3. #:e(e;!(eC t:e 9aste 36st be seaed 6p tig:t+. 7s!C i; t:e 9aste is being st!(ed 6nde(g(!6ndC it 36st be
st!(ed in an a(ea 9:e(e t:e(e is itte g(!6nd9ate( ;!9ing t:(!6g:. I; g(!6nd 9ate( d!es ;!9 t:(!6g: a 9aste st!(age siteC it '!6d e(!de t:e '!ntain3ent 'aniste(s and 'a((+ 9aste a9a+
int! t:e envi(!n3ent.
44
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
N(9e Waste 1A terror mpx
N(clear waste stora,e in Nati%e American lands onl) wa) to withstand terrorist attac9s? c(rrent 7acilities don5t
sol%e
$al%erde 2!?23?2" 7ian'e ;!( N6'ea( 7''!6ntabiit+
ILani'e <ave(deC %8!ng(ess 7sked t! Ei3inate ,6bsides ;!( N6'ea( *!9e(C 16nd 3!(e 8ean6p 9!(k&C 5)/52/54C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//999.anan6'ea(.!(g/Iss6es/A6dgetAattes/tabid//1/a(ti'e#+pe/7(ti'e<ie9/a(ti'eId/22./De;a6t.aspxJ
,ite see'ti!n ;!( 'ent(aiPed inte(i3 st!(ageXan ate(native t! inde;inite st!(age !; spent n6'ea( ;6e !nsite at p!9e( pantsXike+
9!6d ta(get Nati%e American reser%ations and !t:e( !9-in'!3e '!336nitiesC Ba3ps said. *6sC it 9!6d '(eate a DD(adi!a'tive 9aste s:e
ga3eEE as 9aste is 3!ved !n (!adsC (aisC and 9ate(9a+s
t! sites a(!6nd t:e '!6nt(+C :e said.
Resea(': and deve!p3ent !n '!33e('ia ;6e (e'+'ing and deve!ping inte(i3 st!(age ;a'iities at DDv!6ntee( sitesEE a(e ke+ '!3p!nents !;
t:e N6'ea( Ene(g+
Instit6teEs DDinteg(ated 6sed ;6e 3anage3ent st(ateg+CEE 9:i': 9as !6tined in Lan6a(+ 2554 and p!sted !n t:e instit6teEs 9ebsite. #:e instit6te :as been dis'6ssing its st(ateg+ at p6bi' ;!(63s
sin'e. Ba3ps said a bette( 6se !; ;ede(a ;6nds is ;!( DD:a(dened !n-site st!(ageEE at (ea't!( sites. -(rrent stora,e
7acilitiesC b!t: spent ;6e (!ds st!(ed in '!!ing p!!s and d(+ 'ask st!(ageC a(e DD not desi,ned to withstand terrorist attac9s CEE :e said.
+(ita'le N(clear waste stora,e location 9e) to national sec(rit)
Tsi9ata 23 Rep!(te( at Medi Ne9s ,e(vi'eC Was:ingt!n
I16i #sikataC %*e(3anent st!(age (e3ains 6n(es!ved in ne9 p6s: ;!( n6'ea( ene(g+&C 11/12/52C pg !nine Y
:ttpM//ne9s.3edi.n!(t:9este(n.ed6/':i'ag!/ne9s.aspxTid>15.521J
7ppi'ati!ns ;!( ne9 n6'ea( (ea't!(s keep (!ing int! t:e N6'ea( Reg6at!(+ 8!33issi!n INR8JC b6t eve(+!ne see3s t! be ign!(ing t:e '(6'ia N6esti!nM 9:e(e
9i 6sed n6'ea( (!ds be st!(ed pe(3anent+T
7s n6'ea( '!3panies '!ntin6e t! st!(e n6'ea( 9aste !n-siteC envi(!n3entaists 9a(n t:at 9it:!6t a pe(3anent st!(age !'ati!nC b6iding 3!(e n6'ea( pants
'!6d be dange(!6s t! t:e '!6nt(+Es se'6(it+.
#:e p!p6a(it+ !; n6'ea( ene(g+ :as 6nde(g!ne a (es6(gen'e !; s!(ts as p!iti'a and b6siness eade(s insist !n a 3!(e ene(g+-independent 0.,. #:e(e a(e 1. ne9 appi'ati!ns ;!( a p!tentia !;
2) ne9 n6'ea( (ea't!(s a9aiting app(!va b+ t:e NR8. 8:i'ag!-based Exe!n 8!(p.C t:e nati!nEs a(gest n6'ea( ene(g+ p(!d6'e(C :as a pending appi'ati!n ;!( t9! ne9
6nits in #exasC 9:i': 9!6d b(ing its t!ta !; n6'ea( (ea't!(s t! 14.
W:ie n6'ea( ene(g+ is p!tentC it ;a'es 3an+ N6esti!nsC t:e 3!st i3p!(tant being sa;et+ and st!(age !; n6'ea( 9aste.
N6'ea( ene(g+ adv!'ates and ;!es aike a(e n!9 F!'ke+ing t! :ave a sa+ in *(esident-ee't Oba3aEs ene(g+ pan. Oba3a said :e 9as ;!( n6'ea( ene(g+ b6t 9!6d ike
t! see t:e !ng-te(3 st!(age iss6e add(essed.
Y6''a 3!6ntainC 25 3ies ;(!3 Las <egasC Nev.C 9as identi;ied +ea(s ag! as a p!tentia st!(age a(ea ;!( spent n6'ea( (!ds and !t:e( n6'ea( 9aste. N!9C a de'ade a;te( t:e (ep!sit!(+ 9as t!
!penC it :as been 9eig:ed d!9n b+ '!nt(!ve(s+. 1ea( !; v!'ani' a'tivit+ in Y6''aC a9s6its and !t:e( ':aenges '!nside(ab+ s!9ed d!9n its deve!p3ent. *(esent+C t:e
NR8 :as a t:(ee- t! ;!6(-+ea( ti3e ;(a3e t! '!3pete ge!!gi'a ana+sis and assess t:e ;easibiit+ !; Y6''a 3!6ntain.
Eve(+!ne b6t s!3e envi(!n3entaists ag(ee t:at t:e(e is a need t! ;ind a site t:at 9i :!d n6'ea( 9aste pe(3anent+C b6t ;inding t:at site :as p(!ven
':aenging.
4)
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
N(9e Waste 1A +ol%es Warmin,
N(clear Ener,) 9e) to co(nter 8lo'al Warmin, '(t waste iss(e needs to 'e resol%ed
8anapol "3 Depa(t3ent !; 7e(!spa'e and Me':ani'a Enginee(ingC 0nive(sit+ !; 7(iP!na
IAa((+ =anap!C %N6'ea( Ene(g+ ke+ 9eap!n in batting =!ba Wa(3ing&C 11/2"/42C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.F6nks'ien'e.'!3/n!v42/ganap!.:t3J
N!9 is t:e ti3e t! d(!p t:e tab!! against n6'ea( ene(g+ and a''ept t:e idea t:at n6'ea(-gene(ated ee't(i'it+ 9i be essentia in t:e
batte against g!ba 9a(3ing.
0nike p!9e( pants t:at b6(n '!aC !i and nat6(a gasC n6'ea( stati!ns gene(ate a(ge a3!6nts !; ee't(i'it+ 9it:!6t !ading t:e at3!sp:e(e 9it: 'a(b!n di!xideC t:e p(i3a(+ g(een:!6se gas.
,6(eC s!a( and 9ind 9i as! :epC and t:e(eSs a9a+s (!!3 ;!( 3aF!( i3p(!ve3ents in ene(g+ e;;i'ien'+C b6t sin'e 14/"C n6'ea( p!9e(
:as (ed6'ed 'a(b!n di!xide e3issi!ns b+ 3!(e t:an 2 bii!n t!ns. M!(e t:an an+ !t:e( ee't(i'it+ s!6('e. Rat:e( t:an an
!pti!nC n(clear ener,) is almost certainl) ,oin, to 'e a necessit).
7s t:e 1(en': :ave s:!9nC n6'ea( pants 6sing t:e basi' 73e(i'an (ea't!( design 'an be b6it N6i'k+ and designed t! (6n e;;i'ient+ and sa;e+. In additi!nC t:e 1(en': a(e 6sing te':n!!g+
;!( sa;e st!(age !; 6sed n6'ea( ;6e.
,in'e t:e ea(+ 1425sC t:e 1(en': :ave '!3bined (adi!a'tive 9aste 9it: 3!ten gass and pa'ed t:e 3ixt6(e in stainess stee '+inde(sC st!(ing t:e '+inde(s in an 6nde(g(!6nd b6iding at a
g!ve(n3ent instaati!n 6nti a pe(3anent deep (ep!sit!(+ be'!3es avaiabe. A6t in t:is '!6nt(+C t:e W:ite H!6se and 8!ng(ess 'ann!t ag(ee !n an
inte(i3 st!(age ;a'iit+ ;!( 6sed n6'ea( ;6e. IndeedC t:e 9aste iss6e is 3!(e in t:e p!iti'a (at:e( t:an t:e s'ienti;i' a(ena.
8!nst(6'tive steps s:!6d be taken n!9. #:e Depa(t3ent !; Ene(g+ needs t! '!3pete its s'ienti;i' assess3ent !; a p(!p!sed 9aste (ep!sit!(+ at Y6''a M!6ntain in Nevada. #:at e;;!(t
9i (eN6i(e ;6 ;6nding b+ 8!ng(essC 6sing t:e 3!ne+ t:at '!ns63e(s !; n6'ea(-gene(ated ee't(i'it+ :aveC in g!!d ;ait:C paid sin'e 1422 t! t:e 1ede(a N6'ea(
Waste 16nd.
Extending t:e !(igina 45-+ea( !pe(ating i'enses !; n6'ea( pants 36st be 3ade a t!p p(i!(it+. Li'enses !; 3!(e t:an a t:i(d !; t:e nati!nSs 15) n6'ea( pants a(e s':ed6ed t! expi(e in t:e
n!t-t!!-distant ;6t6(e.
0ness t:e N6'ea( Reg6at!(+ 8!33issi!n (ene9s t:ese i'ensesC 6tiities in 3an+ pa(ts !; t:e '!6nt(+ 9i be ;!('ed t! (epa'e n6'ea( ene(g+ 9it: additi!na ;!ssi ;6e gene(ati!nC p(i3a(i+
'!a. ,9it':ing t! ;!ssi ;6es 9!6d 'a6se 3!(e ai( p!6ti!n and even :ig:e( eves !; g(een:!6se e3issi!ns and 9!6d :asten t:e !nset !; g!ba 'i3ate ':ange.
We as! need a 3!(e (ati!na app(!a': t! envi(!n3enta (eg6ati!n. 7t:!6g: !6( s+ste3 ;!( ai( 'ean6p :as been (e3a(kab+ s6''ess;6 and is e36ated b+ 3an+
!t:e( '!6nt(iesC t:e 9a+ it is '6((ent+ i3pe3ented '!6d be i3p(!ved signi;i'ant+.
Instead !; g(anting t(adabe '(edits 9!(t: tens !; 3ii!ns !; d!a(s ex'6sive+ t! '!a-;i(ed pants t:at '!3p+ 9it: ai( N6ait+ (eg6ati!nsC t:e Envi(!n3enta *(!te'ti!n 7gen'+ s:!6d ad!pt
a ;ai(e( s+ste3 t:at a9a(ds eN6a bene;its t! e3issi!n-;(ee ene(g+ s!6('es s6': as (ene9abes and n6'ea( p!9e(.
#:e need ;!( eN6it+ takes !n g(eate( 6(gen'+ 9it: t:e s:i;t t! a '!3petitiveC (est(6't6(ed ee't(i'it+ ind6st(+. #:e Ene(g+ In;!(3ati!n 7d3inist(ati!nC t:e data-gat:e(ing b(an': !; t:e Ene(g+
Depa(t3entC 9a(ns t:at as 3an+ as 24 !; t:e nati!nSs n6'ea( pants 3a+ '!se p(e3at6(e+C (ed6'ing 0.,. n6'ea( 'apa'it+ signi;i'ant+. 7t t:e sa3e ti3e de3ands !n '!a
pants 9!6d (ise d(a3ati'a+ 9it: a '!33ens6(ate in'(ease in p!6ti!n.
8!sing d!9n n6'ea( pants t6(ns eve(+ pa(t !; t:e '!6nt(+ int! a n!n-attain3ent a(ea 6nde( t:e 1445 8ean 7i( 7't.
Wit: n6'ea( ene(g+C 9e :ave a s!6('e !; ee't(i'it+ ;!( ne9 ene(g+-e;;i'ient te':n!!gies t:at 'an be an i3p!(tant pa+e( in ave(ting
'i3ate dis(6pti!n. LetSs take 'a(e n!t t! a!9 ide!!g+ t! inte(;e(e 9it: t:e p(a'ti'a 3eans ;!( deaing 9it: t:is p!tentia+ devastating envi(!n3enta p(!be3.
4.
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
N(9e Waste 1A N(9e Ener,) sol%es 1emand
N(clear ener,) 9e) to s(stain total ener,) demands
+ather D @r(e,er 2" =!ba Managing Di(e't!( !; 7''ent6(eSs 0tiities *ant @ 7sset Manage3ent p(a'ti'e and ,eni!( Manage(C 0tiities p(a'ti'e
IDan ,at:e( @ R+an ,at:e(C %De3+sti;+ing t:e 8:aenges ;a'ing t:e 0., n6'ea( (eviva&C 7''ent6(eC pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.nextgenpe.'!3/a(ti'e/Iss6e-
"/7sset-Manage3ent/De3+sti;+ing-t:e-ke+-':aenges-;a'ing-t:e-0,-n6'ea(-(eviva/J
7s a (es6tC t:e n6'ea( !pe(at!(s p(!3!ted in;!(3ati!n and (es!6('e s:a(ing a'(!ss '!3panies ai3ed at i3p(!ving sa;et+ and
pe(;!(3an'eC and t:e !6t'!3es a(e stagge(ing $ t:e ind6st(+ '6((ent+ !pe(ates at a 45a\ 'apa'it+ ;a't!( and :as '6t t:e '!st !; p(!d6'ti!n in :a; sin'e t:e 1425s. Re3a(kab+C
n6'ea( !pe(at!(s :ave been abe t! a':ieve :ig: pe(;!(3an'e 9:ie '!ntin6a+ setting ne9 sa;et+ (e'!(ds. 0nti (e'ent+ ;e9 !6tside !; t:e
ind6st(+ n!ti'ed.
#:e 73e(i'an Dn6'ea( (evivaE is n!9 a p!p6a( t!pi' in t:e 3ediaC as (ep!(ts !ve( t:e past +ea( :ave ;!'6sed !n t:e (ising '!sts and (isks !; satis;+ing t:e '!6nt(+Es ;6t6(e ene(g+
de3ands. #:e '!3binati!n !; s6stained :ig: !i p(i'esC p6bi' '!n'e(n !ve( ;!ssi ;6e e3issi!ns and t:e t:(eat p!sed b+ depending !n ;6e
s!6('es ;(!3 p!iti'a+ 6nstabe '!6nt(ies :as ed t! t:e desi(e ;!( (ene9abe ene(g+ s!6('es. #:e ':aenge ;a'ing 3an+ ;!(3s !; (ene9abe
ene(g+ $ s6': as 9indC s!a( !( ge!t:e(3a p!9e( $ is t:at t:ese s!6('es 'ann!t p(a'ti'a+ s'ae t! 3eet t:e nati!nEs g(!9ing needsC 9:i':
b(ings n6'ea( ene(g+ t! t:e ;!(e;(!nt as a s6stainabe ene(g+ s!6('e ;!( !6( ;6t6(e.
4/
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
N(9e Waste 1A J(cca sol%es
J(cca 6o(ntain optimal 7or n(clear waste stora,e? health and en%ironmental concerns are exa,,erated
.ittle 2I Rep!(te( !n Ene(g+ ;!( New York 3agaPine
I73anda LitteC %#:e ;eds a(e ba'king N6'ea( *!9e(- in t:e na3e !; t:e envi(!n3entC 54/5"/5"C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.g(ist.!(g/a(ti'e/;aing!6t/J
7;te( 6(ani63 is b6(nedC t:e (!ds a(e kept in p!!s !; 9ate( at t:e pant ;!( ;ive t! 15 +ea(s 6nti t:e+S(e '!! en!6g: t! be seaed in '!n'(ete and stee '!ntaine(s and st!9ed
6nde(g(!6nd. IMan+ pants keep t:ei( 9aste in :!ding p!!s ;!( de'ades 9it:!6t t(ans;e((ing t:e3 t! '!ntaine(s -- a ':eape( b6t ;a( 3!(e
:aPa(d!6s st!(age !pti!n.J H!9eve(C t:e '!ntaine(s t:e3seves 9!nSt ast ;!( 3!(e t:an seve(a :6nd(ed +ea(sC 9:i': is 9:+ Y6''a M!6ntainC
Nev.C :as been p(!p!sed as a ge!!gi'a+ is!ated !ng-te(3 sa('!p:ag6s ;!( n6'ea( 9aste. ,in'e 1422C !ve( R)5 bii!n :as been
p!6(ed int! (esea(':ing t:e ge!!gi'a s6itabiit+ !; Y6''a M!6ntain ;!( s6': p6(p!ses. Envi(!n3entaists a(g6e t:at t:e ':!i'e !; Y6''a M!6ntain :as been based 3!(e !n
p!iti'a '!nvenien'e t:an envi(!n3enta s6itabiit+C and t:at t!! itte ti3e :as been spent eva6ating t:e p!ssibe (adi!a'tive '!nta3inati!n !; t:e aN6i;e( beneat: t:e site.
Envi(!n3entaists a(e as! '!n'e(ned ab!6t t:e t(ansp!(tati!n !; spent 6(ani63 t! Y6''a M!6ntain. #:e Depa(t3ent !; Ene(g+ :as ad3itted t:at an+
:63an standing 9it:in t9! +a(ds !; st!(age tanks ;!( an :!6( 9i be exp!sed t! (adiati!n eves eN6ivaent t! a ':est x-(a+C 9:i': 'an be dange(!6s ;!( p(egnant 9!3en.
QW:at i; +!6S(e st6'k in t(a;;i' next t! !ne !; t:ese t(6'ks 'a((+ing n6'ea( 9asteTQ asks 0.,. *IR=Ss 76(ii!. #:e n6'ea( ene(g+ ind6st(+ a(g6es t:at t:ese '!n'e(ns
a(e exagge(ated. Q#:is v!63e !; 9aste is abs!6te+ 3anageabeCQ sa+s #:e3a Wiggins !; t:e N6'ea( Ene(g+ Instit6te. Q7 t!dC !ve(
t:e ast 45 +ea(sC t:e 9aste ;is an a(ea n! bigge( t:an a ;!!tba ;ied t:at g!es ;ive +a(ds deep.Q
J(cca 6o(ntain site ideal? necessar) to co(nter n(clear waste pro'lem
0nline News =o(r 22
I%A6s: app(!ves Y6''a N6'ea( 9aste ,ite&C *A,C 52/1)/52C pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.pbs.!(g/ne9s:!6(/6pdates/;eb(6a(+52/n6'ea(?2-1).:t3J
7t:!6g: Nevada (ep(esentatives :ave v!9ed t! p6t 6p a g!!d ;ig:tC t:e 3eas6(e is expe'ted t! pass in b!t: :!6ses.
In a ette( t! t:e p(esident deive(ed #:6(sda+ nig:tC Ene(g+ ,e'(eta(+ ,pen'e( 7b(a:a3 said 12 +ea(s and R..2 bii!n 9!(t: !; st6d+ s:!9s t:e Y6''a
M!6ntain site is a Qs'ienti;i'a+ s!6nd and s6itabeQ pa'e t! b6(+ //C555 t!ns !; :ig:+ (adi!a'tive n6'ea( 9aste.
QI '!6d n!t and 9!6d n!t (e'!33end t:e Y6''a M!6ntain site 9it:!6t :aving ;i(st dete(3ined t:at Git 9iH ... p(!te't t:e :eat: and
sa;et+ !; t:e p6bi'CQ 7b(a:a3 said.
7b(a:a3 ;i(st ann!6n'ed :is (e'!33endati!n ast 3!nt: t! give Nevada "5 da+s !; advan'ed 9a(ningC as (eN6i(ed b+ a9.
On 1(ida+C *(esident A6s:Ss ':ie; !; sta;;C 7nd(e9 8a(dC n!ti;ied ke+ 3e3be(s !; 8!ng(ess !; t:e p(esidentSs app(!va. H!9eve( 3an+ a93ake(s F!ined t:e n6'ea(
ind6st(+ in :aiing t:e de'isi!n as a 3aF!( step t!9a(ds s!ving a !ng-standing p(!be3.
H!6se ,peake( Dennis Haste(t IR-I.JC 9:!se state :as t:e a(gest n63be( !; n6'ea( (ea't!(sC p(aised t:e de'isi!nC sa+ing it Q9i ;ina+ enabe 6s t! take a ne'essa(+
step ;!(9a(dQ !n add(essing t:e 9aste p(!be3.
J(cca 6o(ntain ens(res sa7e stora,e which is 9e) to n(clear ener,) ind(str)
+ather D @r(e,er 2" =!ba Managing Di(e't!( !; 7''ent6(eSs 0tiities *ant @ 7sset Manage3ent p(a'ti'e and ,eni!( Manage(C 0tiities p(a'ti'e
IDan ,at:e( @ R+an ,at:e(C %De3+sti;+ing t:e 8:aenges ;a'ing t:e 0., n6'ea( (eviva&C 7''ent6(eC pg !nine Y :ttpM//999.nextgenpe.'!3/a(ti'e/Iss6e-
"/7sset-Manage3ent/De3+sti;+ing-t:e-ke+-':aenges-;a'ing-t:e-0,-n6'ea(-(eviva/J
In +ea(s pastC t:e 3edia and p6bi' :as ;!'6sed !n t:e :!9 t! sa;e+ disp!se !; t:e spent ;6e and t:e Y6''a M!6ntain st!(age ;a'iit+
ente(s t:e dis'6ssi!n. W:ie t:is is a '!nt(!ve(sia t!pi'C t:e debate is 3!(e p!iti'a t:an s'ienti;i'. #:e ;a't (e3ains t:at 9aste :as been sa;e+ se'6(ed !n pant
sites ;!( de'ades and ne9 3et:!ds and te':n!!gies a(e '!ntin6a+ being deve!ped t! 3ake st!(age sa;e(. Ot:e( '!6nt(ies :ave s!ved t:e
die33a and t:e 0nited ,tates g!ve(n3ent :as p6t ;!(t: !pti!ns t! !ve('!3e t:is ':aenge. Ove(aC t:e bene;its a(e 'ea( $ n6'ea( p!9e(
p(!vides t:e best s!6('e !; !9-'!stC !9-e3issi!ns ene(g+ t! t:e 9!(d. W:ie p6bi' !pini!n is beginning t! s!;ten t!9a(d n6'ea( p!9e(C ne9 n6'ea( is
;a( ;(!3 a d!ne dea.
42
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
-ompacts -P 1nc
/ederal / National pro,rams 7ail ? +tate?Tri'al tensions m(st 'e resol%ed
8i'' "" 7'ting Di(e't!( !; E'!n!3i' Deve!p3entC *6+a6p #(ibe
IDennis =ibbC %Inte(g!ve(n3enta 8!3pa'ts in Native 73e(i'an La9M M!des ;!( Expanded 0sage&C Ha(va(d La9 Revie9C 1eb(6a(+ 1444C EA,8O:!stJ
Native 73e(i'ans and state g!ve(n3ents :ave 9itnessed tensi!n and divisiveness 3a( t:ei( inte(a'ti!ns sin'e t:e Nati!nEs ;!6nding.
1!(t6nate+C (e'!gniti!n t:at states (e3ain t:e b!dies 9it: 9:i': t(ibes 36st inte(a't !n a da+- t! da+- basis :as en'!6(aged t:e
deve!p3ent !; inte(g!ve(n3enta ag(ee3ents. In pa(ti'6a(C '!3pa'tsX9!(king ag(ee3ents bet9een t(ibes and states t:at (es!ve
F6(isdi'ti!n :ave be'!3e a de%ice o7 necessit) ;!( t(ibes and (egi!na g!ve(n3ents. A!t: g(!6ps :ave (e'!gniPed t:e bene;its !;
neg!tiated ag(ee3ents ;!( e;;e'tive deive(+ !; s!'ia se(vi'esC e'!n!3i' deve!p3entC and (es!6('e p(!te'ti!n.
,eve(a ;a't!(s :ave '!nt(ib6ted t! t:is t(end. 1i(stC F6di'ia s!6ti!ns t! '!n;i'ts bet9een t(ibes and states :ave p(!ven 6ntenabe. #:e expenseC
d6(ati!nC and '!3pexit+ !; itigati!n :ave ;!('ed inge(ing iss6es t! be (es!ved 9it: p(a'ti'a s!6ti!ns. #:e ,6p(e3e 8!6(t :as be'!3e 3!(e :!stie t! Native 73e(i'an inte(ests in its
(es!6ti!n !; iss6es !; t(iba se; dete(3inati!nC :ig:ig:ting t:e dea(t: !; se'6(e ;!!t:!ds in F6di'ia d!'t(ine ;!( Native 73e(i'an a9. ,e'!ndC t:e a(ge( n63be( !; Native
73e(i'an t(ibesC ea': 9it: 6niN6e ge!g(ap:i'C e'!n!3i'C and st(6't6(a '!n'e(nsC :as p(evented 6ni;!(3 nati!na (6es ;(!3
(eiab+ add(essing !'a needs. In an e(a !; ;ede(a b6dget '6ts and dev!6ti!n !; ;ede(a p!9e( t! t:e statesXin 9:i': 8!ng(ess :as been in'(easing+ 9iing t! deegate t!
t(ibes (eg6at!(+ and i3pe3entati!n ;6n'ti!ns p(evi!6s+ a''!(ded !n+ t! statesXt:e need ;!( t(iba- state '!!pe(ati!n in a!'ating s'a('e ;inan'ia
(es!6('es :as in'(eased. #:i(dC a g(!9ing 3!ve3ent a3!ng native 73e(i'ans t! p(ese(ve t:ei( :e(itageC exe('ise se;-g!ve(nan'e
and de;ine t:e egiti3ate ;6n'ti!ns !; t:ei( s!ve(eign g!ve(n3enta entities :as exa'e(bated t:ese ;a't!(s..
44
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
-ompacts -P +ocial +er%ices +ol%enc)
-ompacts are (sed 7or +ocial +er%ices D Economic a,reements
In t:e a(ea !; t(iba g!ve(nan'e and ;inan'eC '!3pa'ts :ave a!9ed states and t(ibes t! 3ake g(eat p(!gess in inte(g!ve(n3enta
(eati!ns. 1!( exa3peC in t:e :ist!(i'a+ '!ntenti!6s a(ea !; taxati!nC '!3pa'ts 'an se(ve b!t: t(ibes and states b+ g(anting ea': a
p(!p!(ti!nate s:a(e !; t:e (even6es ;(!3 a st(ea3ined '!e'ti!n s+ste3. Like9iseC n63e(!6s states and t(ibes :ave (esp!nded t! t:e
'!33!n need ;!( e;;e'tive a9 en;!('e3ent b+ deve!ping '(!ss-dep6tiPati!nC t(ainingC and p(is!ne( detenti!n ag(ee3ents. ,6': ag(ee3ents '!!(dinate
a((est and detenti!n p(a'ti'es bet9een t(iba and n!nt(iba '!336nitiesC and p(!vide ;!( en;!('e3ent !; envi(!n3enta a9s !n
(ese(vati!ns. 7g(ee3ents as! exist ;!( a va(iet+ !; s!'ia se(vi'esC in'6ding :eat:C 9e;a(eC b6(ia sitesC and ed6'ati!n. 8!3pa'ts s6':
as t:at bet9een t:e 7pa':e and t:e =!beC 7(iP!naC s':!! dist(i't :ave been inst(63enta in estabis:ing a g(eate( n63be( !; p6bi' s':!!s !n (ese(vati!ns. 1ina+C pe(:aps t:e 3!st
9ide+ p6bi'iPed s!6('e !; '!3pa'ting in (e'ent +ea(s :as been t:at !; t(iba ga3ing 6nde( I=R7. 7t:!6g: 3an+ '(iti's p(!test t:at I=R7 en'(!a':es 6p!n state and t(iba s!ve(eignt+C
a signi;i'ant n63be( !; t(ibes and states :ave s6''ess;6+ signed '!3pa'ts g!ve(ning ga3ing !n (ese(vati!ns t:at g(eat+ bene;it
b!t: pa(ties.
)5
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
-ompacts -P +tates ,i%in, ser%ices now
+tates ,i%e social ser%ices to tri'es now Boint -ommittee pro%es
Pottawatomie Nation 52:
G*(ai(ie Aand *!tta9at!3ie Nati!n. 255/. %L!int 8!33ittee !n ,tate-#(iba Reati!ns& :ttpM//999.pbpindiant(ibe.'!3/F!int-'!33ittee-!n-state-t(iba-
(eati!ns.aspxH
#:e F!int '!33ittee :as '!n'6ded t:at t:e(e a(e a n63be( !; a(eas in 9:i': state-t(iba (eati!ns :ave been p(!d6'tive and
bene;i'ia t! b!t: t:e state and t:e t(ibes. #:e F!int '!33ittee is !; t:e !pini!n t:at t:ese 36t6a+ bene;i'ia a(eas 'an be t:e basis !; ;6t6(e p!sitive (eati!ns:ips.
Exa3pes !; t:ese p!sitive (eati!ns:ips :ave in'6dedM
Z #:e '!!(dinated e;;!(ts !; t:e Depa(t3ent !; ,!'ia and Re:abiitati!n ,e(vi'es and t:e ;!6( t(ibes in t:e a(eas !; ':id s6pp!(t
en;!('e3entC Medi'aidC and Heat:9aveC ':id 9e;a(e ag(ee3entsC Indian Heat: ,e(vi'e pa(ti'ipati!n in Medi'aidC and 3anaged
'a(e '!nt(a'tsC Indian 8:id We;a(e 7't and t:e 7d!pti!n and ,a;e 1a3iies 7'tC 7'!:! and D(6g 7b6se ,e(vi'esC 8:id
*(!te'tive ,e(vi'esC and We;a(e-t!-W!(k *(!g(a3 in;!(3ati!nO
Z #:e (ipa(ian b6;;e( initiative 6nde(taken b+ Bansas ,tate 0nive(sit+ !n t:e *!ta9at!3i Rese(vati!n t! '!nt(! e(!si!n !; st(ea3banksC i3pe3ent '!nse(vati!n p(a'ti'esC and p(!te't
(ese(vati!n (es!6('esO
Z #:e #(iba La9 and =!ve(n3ent 8ente( p(!g(a3 at t:e 0nive(sit+ !; Bansas La9 ,':!! 9:i': :as t:e t9! g!as !; p(epa(ing a ne9 gene(ati!n !; adv!'atesC pa(ti'6a(+ 73e(i'an
Indians and !t:e( indigen!6s pe!pesC ;!( 'a(ee(s (ep(esenting Indian nati!ns and pe!pesC and estabis:ing a ;!(63 ;!( t:e (esea(': and st6d+ !; t(iba ega and g!ve(nan'e iss6esO
Z #:e #(iba Manage3ent *(!g(a3 at Haske Indian Nati!ns 0nive(sit+ 9:i': is an atte3pt t! i3p(!ve 3anage3ent skis !; st6dent inte(ns 9:! as! en(! in '!6(ses at t:e
0nive(sit+ !; Bansas.
#:e F!int '!33ittee is as! a9a(e t:at t:e(e a(e s!3e a(eas 9:e(e state-t(iba (eati!ns '!6d be i3p(!ved. #:e F!int '!33ittee beieves t:at 3!(e !pen '!336ni'ati!n and '!!pe(ati!n
bet9een t:e state and t:e t(ibes is t:e ke+ t! i3p(!ving t:ese (eati!ns:ips. #:e 3e3be(s beieve t:at t:e F!int '!33ittee 9i be a 6se;6 ;!(63 t! a!9 ;!( i3p(!ved '!336ni'ati!n and
'!!pe(ati!n.
#:e F!int '!33ittee is pa(t !; a nati!na e;;!(t t! i3p(!ve state-t(iba (eati!ns. %,tate egisat6(es 'an be a p!9e(;6 ;!(63 in 9:i': t! dea 9it: state-
t(iba (eati!nsC be'a6se t:e+ :ave p(i3a(+ (esp!nsibiit+ t! deve!p state p!i'ies g!ve(ning (es!6('e a!'ati!n and give a6t:!(it+
and di(e'ti!n t! agen'ies t! 'a((+ !6t p(!g(a3s and p(!vide se(vi'es.& =!ve(n3ent t! =!ve(n3entM 0nde(standing ,tate and #(iba =!ve(n3entsC Nati!na
8!n;e(en'e !; ,tate Legisat6(es and Nati!na 8!ng(ess !; 73e(i'an Indians L6ne 2555C p. ix.
)1
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
-ompacts -P O sol%enc) e77icient/comprehensi%e
Ne,otiated compacts sol%e 'etter than normal implementation? more comprehensi%e and e77icient
*e(:aps t:e g(eatest bene;it !; '!3pa'ting is t:at s6': neg!tiated ag(ee3ents 'an %(es!ve disp6tes t:at 9!6d !t:e(9ise be 3i(ed in
'!st+C p(!t(a'tedC and !''asi!na+ in'!n'6sive itigati!n. 8!6(t de'isi!ns a(e ;a't- spe'i;i' and a(e 3!(e !;ten ;!'6sed !n 3in6te p!ints !; a9C and
t:e(e;!(e eave 36': (!!3 ;!( ;6(t:e( itigati!n. 8!nve(se+C neg!tiated '!3pa'ts !;;e( g(eate( ;exibiit+ t! a''!33!date !'a needs
and ':anged 'i('63stan'es !ve( ti3eC (ed6'e t:e ike+ :!!d !; ;6t6(e disp6tesC and ans9e( (eg6at!(+ N6esti!ns '(eated b+ a3big6ities in
F6(isdi'ti!na a6t:!(it+C s6': as F6(isdi'ti!n !ve( n!n-t(iba 3e3be(s iving !n (ese(vati!ns. *a(ties 'an in'6de '!ntin6ing 3anage3ent p(!visi!ns a!9ing t:e s!ve(eigns t! '!ntin6e t!
3eet !ve( ti3e t! dis'6ss '!ntingen'iesC and n!t be b!6nd b+ ex'essive+ (igid p(!visi!ns. 8!3pa'ts 'an a''!33!date t:!se sit6ati!ns t:at 9!6d be best
:anded b+ a!9ing 6n;!(eseen 'i('63stan'es t:at 9!6d be add(essed n!t in advan'eC b6t (at:e(C 9:en t:e+ a(ise. Neg!tiated '!3pa'ts a(e
as! 3!(e '!3p(e:ensive t:an itigati!n. In additi!n t! enabing b!t: sides t! :!d en;!('e3ent p!9e(C (at:e( t:an !n+ !ne as in itigati!nC '!3pa'ts a!9
'!3p(!3ises t:at a(e a3!st i3p!ssibe t! a':ieve t:(!6g: itigati!n. Neg!tiated '!3pa'ts av!id !ng!ing a9s6its and F6(isdi'ti!na
6n'e(taint+ t:at !;ten :inde( e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent.
Ne,otiated compacts are more e77ecti%e than ordinar) contractsPens(res sol%enc)
7 '!3pa't is a neg!tiated ag(ee3ent bet9een t9! s!ve(eign entities t:at (es!ves N6esti!ns !; !ve(apping F6(isdi'ti!na
(esp!nsibiit+C s6': as a9 en;!('e3entC !( (es!ves 'e(tain s6bstantive 3atte(C s6': as 9ate( (ig:ts. Man+ t(ibes and states ':!!se t! 6se '!3pa'ts
be'a6se t:e+ a(e (ega(ded as t:e 3!st binding ega a((ange3ent p!ssibe. 8!3pa'ts di;;e( ;(!3 !(dina(+ '!nt(a'ts be'a6se t:e+
3a+ be 3!(e en;!('eabeC and be'a6se '!nt(a'tsC 6nike '!3pa'tsC d! n!t n!(3a+ (es!ve iss6es !; ega entite3ent !(
F6(isdi'ti!n bet9een s!ve(eign entitiesC b6t 3e(e+ p(!vide '!s6(e ;!( a spe'i;i' p(!be3. 8!3pa'ts a(e 3!(e '!se+ (eated t! t(eaties in t:at
t:e+ set p!iti'a p!i'ies ;!( t(ibes and statesC and t:e(e;!(e :ave in:e(ent va6e even be+!nd t:ei( stated g!as.
)2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
-ompacts -P sol%e so%erei,nt)
Tri'al +tate compacts sol%e 7or Nati%e American +o%erei,nt)? cooperation 9e)
+(taria 2; 0nive(sit+ !; ,an 1(an'is'! ,':!! !; La9
I,:ivani ,6ta(iaC %E3p!+3ent Dis'(i3inati!n in Indian- O9ned 8asin!sM ,t(ategies t! *(!viding Rig:ts and Re3edies t! #(iba 8asin! E3p!+ees&C
L!6(na !; La9 and ,!'ia 8:aengesC 1a 255.C exisJ
7 e3p!+ees dese(ve t! 9!(k in envi(!n3ents t:at a(e ;(ee ;(!3 e3p!+3ent dis'(i3inati!n based !n (a'eC '!!(C (eigi!nC nati!na !(iginC gende(C sex6a !(ientati!nC ageC and disabiit+. I;
e3p!+3ent dis'(i3inati!n d!es !''6( in a 9!(kpa'eC e3p!+ees a(e entited t! (ep!(t t:e in'idents 9it:!6t ;ea( !; (etaiati!nC 3ane6ve( t:(!6g: a ;ai( and F6st g(ievan'e
p(!'essC and (e'eive (e3edies i; app(!p(iate. Idea+C e3p!+e(s 9!6d g6a(antee t:ei( e3p!+ees s6': (ig:ts and (e3edies. E3p!+e(sS inte(na 3e':anis3sC :!9eve(C 'an be
inadeN6ate t! p(!te't 9!(ke(s. #:e 'ase is n! di;;e(ent 9it: t(iba 'asin!sO even t:!6g: t(iba ente(p(ises GZ1."H !;;e( inte(na dis'(i3inati!n p(!te'ti!ns t! t:ei( e3p!+ees
and a(e vig!(!6s+ 9!(king t! (ep(i3and an+ dis'(i3inat!(sC t:e+ 'ann!t ;6+ s!ve t:ei( e3p!+3ent dis'(i3inati!n p(!be3s inte(na+. #:e di;;e(en'e isC t:!6g:C t:at n!n-
t(iba e3p!+e(s 36st '!3p+ 9it: #ite <II and 9:en t:e+ d!nStC e3p!+ees 3a+ b(ing s6it against t:ei( e3p!+e(s. 7s t:is pape( expainedC Indian t(ibes and t:ei(
ente(p(ises a(e exe3pt ;(!3 #ite <II ;!( t:e ve(+ i3p!(tant (eas!n !; t(iba s!ve(eignt+.
#(iba s!ve(eignt+ 36st be :!n!(ed 9it: a sa'(ed (eve(en'eO it is an in:e(ent standing !; se;-g!ve(n3ent t:at p(edates !6( !9n
g!ve(n3ent. N!ne !; t:e t:(ee n!n-t(iba st(ategies t:at dea 9it: e3p!+3ent dis'(i3inati!n des'(ibed in t:is pape( '!3pete+ 6nde(3ine t(iba s!ve(eignt+. H!9eve(C
t:e+ a d! en'(!a': !n Indian t(ibesS (ig:t t! se;-g!ve(nan'eC b6t t! va(+ing deg(ees. #:e east int(6sive st(ateg+ !; t:e t:(eeC and t:e !ne I adv!'ate ;!(C is
state-en;!('ed p(!te'ti!n as p(!vided ;!( in t:e t(iba-state '!3pa'ts. #:e en;!('e3ent p(!visi!ns !; t:e t(iba-state '!3pa't
e3p:asiPe a '!ab!(ative (eati!ns:ip bet9een t:e t(ibeC t:e #(iba =a3ing 7gen'+ and t:e ,tate. 1!( exa3peC in t:e La *!sta Aand !; Missi!n
Indians '!3pa't des'(ibed ab!veC t:e ,tate expi'it+ (e'!gniPes t:e g!ve(n3ent-t!-g!ve(n3ent (eati!ns:ip bet9een t:e3seves
and t:e t(ibeC and t:e(e;!(e st(esses v!6nta(+ (es!6ti!n i; a disp6te a(ises. Ove(aC t:is st(ateg+ e3p:asiPes Indian t(ibesS
(ig:t t! se;-g!ve(nan'e and 9:en t:e ,tate in;(inges !n t:at (ig:tC it d!es s! in a '!ab!(ative 3anne(C and '!ntin6!6s+
st(esses n!n-ega disp6te (es!6ti!n 3e':anis3s.
1!( t:is p(!'ess t! 9!(k as a 3eans !; p(!te'ting t(iba 'asin! e3p!+ees ;(!3 e3p!+3ent dis'(i3inati!nC ,tates 36st be '!33itted t! ens6(ing t(iba 'asin!
e3p!+ees a(e p(!te'ted ;(!3 e3p!+3ent dis'(i3inati!n. One 9a+ t:is '!33it3ent 'an be de3!nst(ated is b+ designating an e3p!+ee !;
8ai;!(niaSs ,tate =a3ing 7gen'+ t! !ve(see t(ibesS '!3pian'e 9it: t:e '!3pa'tsS e3p!+ee-(eated p(!visi!nsC in'6ding t:e anti-dis'(i3inati!n p(!visi!n as 9e as t:e
!t:e( 9!(kpa'e :eat: and sa;et+-(eated p(!visi!ns. #:is state e3p!+ee 'an se(ve as t:e p!int pe(s!n t! 9:!3 t(iba 'asin! e3p!+ees 'an (ep!(t t:ei( '!n'e(ns as 9e as
be t:e !ne t! assist t(ibes 9it: t:e investigati!n.
)"
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
-ompacts -P En%ironment +ol%enc)
Tri'al? +tate -ompacts 9e) to en%ironmental protection
7t:!6g: '!3pa'ts :ave e3e(ged !n+ (e'ent+ as a 3eans !; de3a('ating t:e (espe'tive p!9e(s !; states and t(ibesC inte(g!ve(n3enta ag(ee3ents a(e n!9 6sed t! av!id !( s!ve
disp6tes in t9! p(i3a(+ s6bFe't a(easM envi(!n3enta and p(!pe(t+ '!n'e(nsC and t(iba g!ve(nan'e and ;inan'e. In t:e a(ea !; envi(!n3enta and p(!pe(t+ '!3pa'tsC
t(ibes and states :ave 3ade espe'ia+ g(eat st(ides in (es!ving and (ig:ts and P!ningXa(eas t:at a(e pa(ti'6a(+ i3p!(tant in ig:t !;
b!t: t:e g(avit+ !; t:e p!tentia p(!be3s and t:e ;ai6(e !; F6di'ia de'isi!ns t! estabis: 'ea( a!'ati!ns !; p!9e( in a ;e(tie g(!6nd ;!( state-t(ibe
'!3pa'tingC pa(ti'6a(+ be'a6se !; t:e '(!ss-F6(isdi'ti!na nat6(e !; 3ig(at!(+ patte(ns and :abitat deg(adati!n. IndeedC '!nse(vati!n ag(ee3ents :ave p(!ven ve(+
6se;6 ;!( states and t(ibesC 9:et:e( s6': ag(ee3ents seek t! p(ese(ve :abitatsC ;is:ing :a(vestsC !( '6t6(a and (eigi!6s sitesC !( t!
p(!te't s6ppies !; !iC gasC and ti3be( !n (ese(vati!n ands. ,i3ia(+C '!3pa'ts 'an av!id p(!te'ted ega batte in t:e a(ea !; 9ate(
(ig:ts b+ ei3inating ega 6n'e(taint+ and 3ini3iPing t:e '!sts !; deineating statesE and t(ibesE (espe'tive (ig:ts.
)4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
-ompacts -P Perm Ans
Increases in 7ederal 7(ndin, mean no state 7(ndin, exists its 7ederal law
A.-./. ": Administration 7or -hildren and /amilies M *.+. 1ept. o7 =ealth and =(man +er%ices
G0.,. Depa(t3ent !; Heat: and H63an ,e(vi'esC %#e3p!(a(+ 7ssistan'e ;!( Need+ 1a3iies *!i'+ 7nn!6n'e3ent& L6ne 2C 144/.
:ttpM//999.a';.::s.g!v/p(!g(a3s/!;a/dts/p!i'+?ann!6n'e3ents/pa-4/-2.:t3H
On'e an Indian t(ibeC !( a '!ns!(ti63 !; Indian t(ibes (esiding in a ,tateC :as an app(!ved #(iba 1a3i+ 7ssistan'e pan ;!( 9:i': a 1ede(a
1a3i+ 7ssistan'e =(ant is pa+abeC t:e ,tateSs 1a3i+ 7ssistan'e =(ant 9i be (ed6'ed. #:e ,tateSs MOE eve 9i as! be (ed6'ed
p(!p!(ti!nate+ p6(s6ant t! se'ti!n 454IaJI/JIAJIiiiJ !; t:e 7't.
#:e ,tate is n! !nge( !bigated t! expend ,tate ;6nds !n be:a; !; eigibe ;a3iies se(ved b+ an app(!ved #(iba 1a3i+
7ssistan'e pan. In e;;e'tC t:e(e is a ;is'a gain t! t:e ,tate ea': ti3e an Indian t(ibe !( '!ns!(ti63 !; Indian t(ibes in t:e ,tate s6b3its and
(e'eives app(!va ;!( a #(iba 1a3i+ 7ssistan'e pan. H!9eve(C ;!( t:e Indian t(ibeC !( '!ns!(ti63 !; Indian t(ibesC t:e #(iba 1a3i+ 7ssistan'e =(ant is t:e !n+
3eans t! p(!vide 9e;a(e-(eated se(vi'es t! ;a3iies (esiding in its se(vi'e a(ea.
Perm can5t sol%e? additional 7ederal a(thorit) is (nnecessar) and (ndermines tri'al so%erei,nt)
Bohnson 2; 0,7 #!da+ ,ta;;
IBevin L!:ns!nC %1edsM R6ing :6(ts !ve(sig:t !; Indian 'asin!s&C 0,7 #!da+C 11/"5/5.C exisJ
Indian !;;i'iasC :!9eve(C 'a t:e '!6(tSs (6ing a vi't!(+ ;!( t(iba s!ve(eignt+ and an a'kn!9edge3ent t:at t(ibes and states p(!vide
adeN6ate !ve(sig:t. E(nest ,tevens L(. !; t:e Nati!na Indian =a3ing 7ss!'iati!n sa+s t(ibes :ave 2)4 ag(ee3ents 9it: a6t:!(ities in 22 states t! (eg6ate Indian
'asin!s.
#:e NI=8 Q does not need d(plicati%e 7ederal r(le?ma9in, a(thorit) o%er matters alread) addressed ') t(iba a9 and t:e tri'al?
state compact process CQ sa+s ,tevensC 9:!se g(!6p (ep(esents 124 Indian nati!ns inv!ved in t(iba ga3ing.
#:e 7(iP!na t(ibe t:at ':aenged t:e NI=8Ss a6t:!(it+C t:e 8!!(ad! Rive( Indian #(ibesC sa+s t:e NI=8 neve( :ad t:e p!9e( t! (eg6ate 'asin!s.
Q#:e ;ede(a '!6(tSs de'isi!n 9as an i3p!(tant and ne'essa(+ vi't!(+ ;!( t(iba s!ve(eignt+CQ sa+s Las!n R!seC sp!kes3an ;!( t:e t(ibe.
,tate (eg6at!(s de;ended t:ei( !ve(sig:t !; Indian 'asin!s. 7(iP!naSs Depa(t3ent !; =a3ingC 9:i': :eps 21 t(ibes !ve(see ga3ing !pe(ati!ns t:at p(!d6'ed R1./ bii!n in (even6e in ;is'a
255.C said t:e '!6(t de'isi!n 9!6d n!t a;;e't 'asin! (eg6ati!n in 7(iP!na.
QWe 3!deed !6( (eg6at!(+ p(!'ess !n t:e ... Nati!na Indian =a3ing 8!33issi!nCQ sa+s ,eena ,i3!nC sp!kes9!3an ;!( t:e 7(iP!na agen'+.
,i3!n sa+s t:e agen'+ :as ag(eed t! '!nt(ib6te R"55C555 in ea': !; t:e next ;ive +ea(s t! pa+ ;!( a ;6-ti3e ;ede(a p(!se'6t!( in t:e !'a 0.,. att!(ne+Ss !;;i'e dedi'ated t! Indian ga3ing
3atte(s and t! t(ain t(iba ga3ing a6t:!(ities. Q#:is is an agen'+ 9it: teet:CQ ,i3!n sa+s.
))
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- -P 1nc
-P The *nited +tates 7ederal ,o%ernment sho(ld alter the tax code to ins(re that Nati%e American tri'es are
eli,i'le 7or the &enewa'le Prod(ction Tax -redit.
Extendin, the PT- to tri'es wo(ld incenti%iFe ,rowth> red(ce dependence> and 'oost so%erei,nt)
+hahinian> 23> LD - 0nive(sit+ !; Mi':iganC and M. ,. in Envi(!n3ent and Nat6(a Res!6('es
GMa(k ,:a:inianC %#:e #ax Man 8!3et: N!tM H!9 t:e N!n-#(ans;e(abiit+ !; #ax 8(edits Ha(3s Indian #(ibes& 73e(i'an Indian La9 Revie9C L,#ORH
#:e(e a(e t:(ee 'ea( (ati!naes ;!( t:is ':ange in t:e tax '!de. 1i(stC t:e ':ange 9i give t(ibes t:e sa3e in'entives as t:e (est !;
t:e b6siness '!336nit+ as t(iba e'!n!3ies deve!p. ,e'!ndC t:e ':ange 9i (ed6'e t(iba dependen'e !n ;ede(a g(antsC as a(ge(
p!!s !; invest3ent 'apita be'!3e avaiabe t! t(ibes. #:i(dC t:e ':ange 9i in'(ease t(iba s!ve(eignt+C as dependen'e is (ed6'ed.
Making tax '(edits t(adabe b+ t(ibes and t:e(eb+ aigning t:e ;inan'ia in'entives !; t(ibes 9it: t:e (est !;t :e 0.,. b6siness
'!336nit+ p(!3!tes t:e ;ede(a g!a !; g6iding e'!n!3i' a'tivit+C 9:et:e( in t:e 9ind p!9e( ind6st(+ !( in !t:e( ind6st(ies 9it: s6bstantia tax '(edits.
Extendin, PT- to tri'es is politicall) pop(lar where the plan isn5t con,ress s(pports a decrease in dependence
In'(easing t(iba (even6es ;(!3 9ind ene(g+ p(!d6'ti!n !( an+ !t:e( e'!n!3i' a'tivit+ t:at p(!spe(s !;;-(ese(vati!n in a tax-'(edit
envi(!n3ent and '!6d bene;it t(ibes i; tax '(edits a(e 3ade t(adabe is a g!!d 9a+ t! 3eet ;ede(a g!as !; (ed6'ing t(iba
dependen'e. #:e (ed6'ti!n !; t(iba dependen'e :as been a '!ng(essi!na g!a sin'e t:e nineteent: 'ent6(+. Even d6(ing t:e passage !; t:e 7!t3ent
7'ts in t:e ate nineteent: 'ent6(+C t:e t9isted !gi' !; t:e ti3e said t:at ;!('ing t(iba 3e3be(s int! ;a(3ing 9!6d p6s: t:e Indians t!9a(d Q(ea and pe(3anent p(!g(ess.Q #:is g!a
!; (ed6'ed t(iba dependen'e 9as ;i(st '!di;ied in t:e e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent '!ntext nea(+ 155 +ea(s ag! in t:e A6+ Indian 7't
!; 1452. #:e 7't di(e'ts t:e Depa(t3ent !; Inte(i!( t! give p(e;e(en'e t! Indians as ;a( as is p(a'ti'abe in :i(ing and p(!'6(e3ent. #:e A6+ Indian 7't :as been expanded !ve( t:e
+ea(s. In 14/4C it 9as 3ade t! app+ t! a ;ede(a '!nt(a'ts. 8!ng(ess :as been 9iing t! extend t:e sa3e t+pe !; s6pp!(t evin'ed b+ t:e A6+ Indian
7't t! t(iba ene(g+ p(!g(a3s. 1!( exa3peC in 2551C t:e ;6 H!6se !; Rep(esentatives passed t:e Ha+9!(t: a3end3ent t! t:e
p(!p!sed ene(g+ bi adding Qene(g+ p(!d6'ts and ene(g+ b+-p(!d6'tsQ t! t:e 'ateg!(ies !; 3ate(ias '!ve(ed 6nde( t:e A6+ Indian
7't. #:at biC H!6se Ai 4C died in '!n;e(en'e '!33ittee in 2552. H!9eve(C t:e ideas ;(!3 t:e Ha+9!(t: a3end3ent a(e in'!(p!(ated int! t:e Ene(g+
*!i'+ 7't !; 255) t:e 7't p(!vides ;!( ;ede(a p6(':ases !; p!9e( gene(ated b+ Indian t(ibes. Even !6tside t:e ene(g+ deve!p3ent !( e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent '!ntextsC t:e
1ede(a =!ve(n3ent :as 3ade 'ea( t:(!6g: t:e +ea(s t:at it 9!6d ike t! see t:e t(ibes ess dependent !n di(e't g(ants !; ;ede(a
d!a(s. #:e Reagan ad3inist(ati!n adv!'ated (ed6'ed t(iba dependen'e in an i3p!(tant p!i'+ state3ent iss6ed in 142". QIt is
i3p!(tant t! t:e '!n'ept !; se;-g!ve(n3ent t:at t(ibes (ed6'e t:ei( dependen'e !n ;ede(a ;6nds b+ p(!viding a g(eate( pe('entage !; t:e '!st !; t:ei( se;-g!ve(n3entCQ t:e ad3inist(ati!n
9(!te. 7n+ 3eas6(es t:at give t:e t(ibes a eg 6p in t:e e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent ga3e (ed6'e t:ei( e'!n!3i' dependen'+ !n t:e
;ede(a g!ve(n3ent. Wind p!9e( deve!p3ent '!6d pa+ a (!e in t:is e'!n!3i' deve!p3entC b6t !n+ i; t(ibes :ave a''ess t! t:e
*#8. Wind p!9e( deve!p3ent 9!6d p(!vide t:e Qg(eate( pe('entage !; t:e '!st !; Gt(ibaH se; g!ve(n3entQ t:at t:e Reagan ad3inist(ati!n s!6g:t and it 9!6d p6s: t:e
t(ibes t!9a(d Q(ea and pe(3anent p(!g(essQ.
).
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- -P &enewa'le Ener,)
PT- expands renewa'le ener,)
8!ng(ess is bent !n ;!ste(ing (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!d6'ti!n in t:e 0nited ,tates. 8!ng(ess is as! bent !n ;!ste(ing t(iba ene(g+
deve!p3ent. I; 8!ng(ess 3ade t:e *#8 t(adabeC t(ibes 9!6d ;a'e t:e sa3e tax in'entives as t:e (est !; t:e b6siness '!336nit+C
(ene9abe ene(g+ deve!p3ent !n t(iba ands 9!6d in'(easeC and 8!ng(ess 9!6d take a step ;!(9a(d in a':ieving its g!as !; t(iba and (ene9abe ene(g+
deve!p3ent. #ax '(edits a(e e'!n!3i' in'entives t:e g!ve(n3ent p(!vides t! p(!3!te 'e(tain a'tivities. Wit: t:ese in'entivesC t:e
g!ve(n3ent is t(+ing t! en'!6(age e'!n!3i' a'tivit+ Is6': as ':a(itabe giving !( p!6ti!n-;(ee ene(g+ p(!d6'ti!nJ t:at t:e
g!ve(n3ent '!nside(s s!'ia+ bene;i'ia. #:e g!ve(n3ent :as an inte(est in p(!3!ting t:!se a'tivities ta(geted ;!( p(!3!ti!n t! t:e ;6est extent p!ssibeC in'6ding in
Indian 8!6nt(+. #:e *#8 is a tax '(edit 8!ng(ess '(eated t! ;!ste( t:e p(!d6'ti!n !; (ene9abe ene(g+. #:e *#8 is a b(!ad in'entive -
it :as aided (ene9abe ene(g+ deve!p3ents ;(!3 8ai;!(nia t! Maine. 7n exa3inati!n !; t:e (e'!(d !; '!ng(essi!na debates s6((!6nding t:e (ene9a !; t:e
*#8 in 255) 3akes 'ea( 8!ng(ess 9as inte(ested in b!t: (ed6'ing dependen'e !n ;!(eign ;!ssi ;6e and sti36ating t:e g(!9t: !;
d!3esti' (ene9abe ene(g+ b6sinesses. #! t:is endC 8!ng(ess de'ided t! ena't a tax in'entive It:e *#8J t:at 9i '!st taxpa+e(s !ve( R"55 3ii!n a +ea( !ve( t:e next
de'ade.
Allowin, tri'es to 'ene7it 7rom the prod(ction tax credit wo(ld sp(r &enewa'le 1e%elopment
8eiselman A?1I?2" 8o%ernment a77airs editor 7or Waste News
GA(6'e =eise3anC %,en. 9ants t! deve!p p(!Fe'ts !n Indian and&C Lexis La9H
#i3 L!:ns!nC D-,.D.C pans t! int(!d6'e egisati!n t:at 9!6d en'!6(age deve!p3ent !; 9ind and s!a( ene(g+ p(!Fe'ts !n 73e(i'an Indian !9ned and.
Existing ;ede(a tax a9 in'6des p(!d6'ti!n tax '(edits t:at en'!6(age (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!d6'e(s t! a6n': ne9 p(!Fe'ts b+
de'(easing t:ei( '!sts ass!'iated 9it: p(!d6'ing (ene9abe ene(g+C 9:i': 'an be 3!(e expensive t:an ee't(i'it+ p(!d6'ed ;(!3 ;!ssi ;6es. #:e tax
'(edits d!nEt bene;it 73e(i'an Indian t(ibes t:at :ave and avaiabe ;!( 'ean ene(g+ p(!Fe'ts be'a6se t:e t(ibes d!nEt :ave ;ede(a
tax iabiitiesC L!:ns!n said.
%O6( t(iba ands :!d en!(3!6s p!tentia ;!( t:e p(!d6'ti!n !; '!33e('ia s'ae 9ind and s!a( ene(g+C b6t deve!p3ent t! date
:as been i3itedC& :e said.
L!:ns!nEs egisati!n 9!6d en'!6(age F!int pa(tne(s:ips bet9een p(ivate invest!(s and t(ibes b+ a!9ing t(ibes t! t(ans;e( t:ei(
!t:e(9ise 6n6sed and ;!(;eited s:a(e !; t:e p(!d6'ti!n tax '(edit t! t:ei( F!int pa(tne(s in (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!Fe'ts. #:e t(ibes 9!6d
s:a(e in t:e p(!;its ;(!3 t:e p(!Fe'ts.
% #:e '6((ent tax st(6't6(e p6ts t(ibes at '!3petitive disadvantageC& L!:ns!n said. %#:e+ 'anEt 6se t:e tax '(edit and 'an !n+ '!3pete e'!n!3i'a+ 9it:
t:!se p(!Fe'ts !n p(ivate ands i; t:e+ a(e 9:!+ !9ned b+ a p(ivate invest!(. Rat:e( t:an !sing !9ne(s:ip (ig:ts and seing t:e3 !;;C t:is bi a!9s
t(ibes t! t(ans;e( t:e tax '(edit t! t:ei( p(ivate pa(tne(s and sti bene;it ;(!3 t:e e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent t:at !''6(s.&
,i%in, Nati%es a tax credit wo(ld sp(r renewa'le de%elopment
-apriccioso 1?2?2" Washin,ton sta77 reporter at Indian -o(ntr) Toda)
GR!b 8ap(i''i!s!C %=(!6ps p(ess ;!( t(ibe-;(iend+ (ene9abe ene(g+ p!i'ies&C W :ttpM//999.indian'!6nt(+t!da+.'!3/b6siness/".442))4.:t3UH
#:e state3ent sa+s t:at ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent s6bsidies ;!( t:e n6'ea(C '!aC gas and !i ind6st(+ s:!6d be (apid+ p:ased !6t 9it: a p(!p!(ti!na (a3p 6p !; s6bsidies ;!( (ene9abe
te':n!!gies and !'a+ ad3iniste(ed '!nse(vati!n and e;;i'ien'+ i3p(!ve3ent.
0nde( '6((ent ;ede(a a9C t(ibes a(e n!t di(e't+ entited t! '(edits p(!vided t! n!n-Native deve!pe(s ;!( (ene9abe ene(g+
p(!d6'ti!n. #:is :as '(eated a s+ste3 9:e(e !6tside '!3panies s!3eti3es t:ink t9i'e ab!6t tea3ing 9it: t(ibes !n
(ene9abe ene(g+ p(!Fe'tsC sin'eC i; t:e+ d! s!C t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent d!es n!t a!9 ;!( a ;6 tax '(edit.
%*(!Fe'ts inv!ving te':n!!gies ike 9ind p!9e( '!6d stand !n t:ei( !9n i; n!ne !; t:e ene(g+ se't!(s g!t G;ede(aH s6bsidies !( in'entivesC b6t t:e(e a(e a(ead+ bii!ns !; d!a(s b6it
int! '!aC gas and '!a s6bsidiesC& said A!b =!6g:C a eade( 9it: Inte(t(iba 8O0*.
%#! '!3pete against t:e3C (ene9abe ene(g+ te':n!!gies (eN6i(e s6bsidies as 9e. Y!6 'anEt a(ti;i'ia+ keep t:e p(i'e !; ene(g+ d!9nC and t:en expe't ne9 kinds !; te':n!!g+ t! bea(
a t:e '!sts.&
)/
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- -P Econ D /ederal 0'li,ation
PT- wo(ld 'oost tri'al economic de%elopment Pl(s it 7(l7ills the 7ederal o'li,ation to Nati%es
#:e a(g63ent ;!( a t(adabe tax '(edit isC at (!!tC an a(g63ent ;!( eN6it+. Lega s':!a(s:ip :as a :ist!(+ !; a(g63ents ;!( a ;ede(a
tax t(eat3ent !; t(ibes t:at a!9s t(iba e'!n!3ies t! deve!p. #:e 3!(a basis !; a(g63ents ;!( an eN6itabeC even ;av!(abe tax t(eat3ent !; t(ibes tends t! (est
!n t:e ;ede(a t(6st (esp!nsibiit+ t!9a(d t(ibes estabis:ed ea(+ in 0.,. :ist!(+ and a(ti'6ated b+ 8:ie; L6sti'e Ma(s:a in 8:e(!kee Nati!n v. =e!(gia. W(iting !; t:e #(iba #ax ,tat6s
7't !; 1422C ega s':!a( R!be(t Wiia3s said Q#! satis;+ t:e S3!(a !bigati!ns !; t:e :ig:est (esp!nsibiit+ and t(6stS in'63bent 6p!n t:e
0nited ,tates in its deaings 9it: Indian nati!nsC ;ede(a Indian 8!6nt(+ deve!p3ent p!i'+ 36st add(ess itse; t! t:e st(6't6(a
ba((ie(s '6((ent+ p(eventing t(iba e'!n!3i' and s!'ia se;-s6;;i'ien'+.Q La'k !; t(iba a''ess t! tax '(edits is !ne !; t!da+Ss
st(6't6(a ba((ie(s. 7dd(essing t:!se ba((ie(s 9i :ep aeviate t:e ;ede(a '!n'e(n ;!( t(iba e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent exp(essed b+ t:e
1ede(a Rese(ve Aank !; Minneap!is. QOn *ine RidgeC L!9e( A(6e and R!seb6d (ese(vati!nsCQ a bank p6bi'ati!n ;!6ndC Q(!6g:+ :a; !; Indian ;a3iies a(e p!!(.Q2.
A+ aigning t:e tax in'entives t(iba b6sinesses ;a'e 9it: t:!se ;a'ed b+ t:e (est !; t:e b6siness '!336nit+C t:e ;ede(a
g!ve(n3ent 9i 3eet its g!as !; ene(g+ deve!p3entC (ed6'ed t(iba dependen'+ and in'(eased t(iba s!ve(eignt+. #:at aign3ent !;
in'entives 'an be 3ade a (eait+ b+ 3aking 9ind ene(g+ tax '(edits t(adabe. M!(e b(!ad+C a!9ing t(ibes t! 6tiiPe a tax '(edits n!9 avaiabe !n+ t! tax-
pa+ing entities 9i bette( aign t:e inte(ests !; t(iba b6siness and 0.,. p!i'+C and as! 9i bette( p(!vide ;!( t(iba e'!n!3i'
deve!p3ent.
)2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- -P +ol%es Po%ert)
Alternati%e Ener,) can sol%e Nati%e po%ert)
Ener,) B(stice?Nati%e Americans> 222"C 8!3pied b+ H!n!( t:e Ea(t:C Inte(t(iba 8!6n'i On 0tiit+ *!i'+C
Inte(nati!na Indian #(eat+ 8!6n'iC Indigen!6s Envi(!n3enta Net9!(k
GEne(g+ L6sti'e-Native 73e(i'ansC 2554C %Ene(g+ L6sti'e in Native 73e(i'a&C p!i'+ pape(C
W:ttpM//999.ienea(t:.!(g/d!'s/EL?in?N7?*!i'+?*ape(?!'ked.pd;UH
N7#I<E 7MERI87M IN NEED O1 =REEN E8ONOMI8 DE<ELO*MEN# I(!ni'a+C 9:ies s!3e Native Nati!ns and t:ei( (ese(vati!n '!336nities
:ave b!(ne t:e b(6nt !; dest(6'tive ene(g+ deve!p3ent t:at :as (eaped 3assive p(!;its ;!( s!3eC t:e+ a(e t:e p!!(est in t:e
'!6nt(+C 9it: :ig: 6ne3p!+3ent (ates and inadeN6ate :!6sing.
^b#:e 6ne3p!+3ent (ate !n Indian (ese(vati!ns is 3!(e t:an t9i'e t:e nati!na (ate.
^b#:e 3edian age in Indian 8!6nt(+ is ab!6t 12 +ea(sC 9it: a +!6ng and (apid+ g(!9ing p!p6ati!n in need !; b!t: F!bs and :!6sing.
^b#:e po%ert) (ate ;!( Native 73e(i'ans is 2.\O 3!(e t:an t9i'e t:e nati!na ave(age.
^bM!(e t:an 11\ !; Indian :!3es d! n!t :ave '!3pete p63bing. 7b!6t 14\ !; (ese(vati!n :!6se:!ds a(e 9it:!6t ee't(i'it+C 15 ti3es t:e nati!na (ate.
^bIn (6(a 7aska 9:e(e 7aska Natives p(ed!3inate+ (esideC ""\ !; t:e :!3es a'k 3!de(n 9ate( and sanitati!n ;a'iities.
^bEne(g+ dist(ib6ti!n s+ste3s !n (6(a (ese(vati!ns a(e ext(e3e+ v6ne(abe t! extended p!9e( !6tages d6(ing 9inte( st!(3s t:(eatening t:e ives !; (ese(vati!n (esidents.
^bRese(vati!n '!336nities a(e at a statisti'a+ g(eate( (isk ;(!3 ext(e3e 9eat:e( (eated 3!(tait+ nati!n9ideC espe'ia+ ;(!3 '!dC :eat and d(!6g:t ass!'iated 9it: a (apid+ ':anging
'i3ate.
^bRese(vati!ns a(e 9aiting !n 3!(e t:an 255C555 needed ne9 :!6ses.
^b7b!6t 1/" !; (ese(vati!n :!3es a(e t(aie(sC gene(a+ 9it: '!3pete+ inadeN6ate 9eat:e(iPati!n.
^bIne;;i'ient :!3es a(e a ;inan'ia iabiit+C eaving !9ne(s v6ne(abe t! ene(g+ p(i'e v!atiit+.
^b16e assistan'e p(!g(a3s p(!vide 3ii!ns !; d!a(s !; assistan'e t! t(iba '!336nities. W:ie ne'essa(+ in t:e s:!(t te(3C t:e+ d! n!t:ing t! add(ess t:e '+'e !; ;6e po%ert) d6e t!
eak+ ine;;i'ient :!3esC and t:e need ;!( a !'aiPed ;6e e'!n!3+.
^bInte(nati!na+C t:e p(esent eves !; de;!(estati!n and 'i3ate-(eated disaste(s a(e '(eating :6ge p!p6ati!ns !; envi(!n3enta (e;6gees. It is anti'ipated t:at 9it:in 25 +ea(sC 9e 9i be
spending s!3e 25\ !; 9!(d =D* !n 'i3ate ':ange (eated 3itigati!n and disaste(s.
0ne3p!+3ent (atesC po%ert) and t:e need ;!( e;;i'ien'+ i3p(!ve3ents and (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!vide an idea !pp!(t6nit+ !n
t(iba (ese(vati!ns and 7aska Native viages ;!( 3axi3iPing t:e i3pa't !; a g(een F!bs initiative. L!'a F!bs 9eat:e(iPing b6idingsC '!nst(6'tingC instaing
and 3aintaining (ene9abe ene(g+ te':n!!g+ '!6d be '(eated. #:is :as :6ge ;inan'ia i3pi'ati!ns ;!( (6(a e'!n!3iesC and ;!( t:e !ve(a 0,
e'!n!3+. The 0'ama Administrations5 economic stim(l(s plans that incorporates a ,reen econom) and ,reen Go's
port7olio m(st incl(de pro%isions 7or access o7 these reso(rces ') o(r Nati%e Nations C !6( t(iba ed6'ati!n and t(aining
instit6ti!ns and Native !(ganiPati!ns and '!336nities.
)4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- -P ? Economic 8rowth
PT- helps the econom)?sol%es 7or lac9 o7 capital in%estment
#a+!( and t:ei( '!eag6es at t:e Ha(va(d *(!Fe't !n 73e(i'an Indian E'!n!3i' Deve!p3ent.44 #:e 3ain p!ints !; t:e (esea(': st(ess t(iba g!ve(nan'eC t:e i3p!(tan'e !; t(iba
s!ve(eignt+C t(iba '!(p!(ate g!ve(nan'e and t:e need t! t:ink b(!ad+ ab!6t e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent in !(de( ;!( t(iba ente(p(ises t! s6''eed. 8!(ne and BatC in pa(ti'6a(C st(ess a
nati!n-b6iding app(!a':M 7 nati!n-b6iding app(!a': t! deve!p3ent d!esnSt sa+C QetSs sta(t a b6siness.Q InsteadC it sa+sC QetSs b6id an
envi(!n3ent t:at en'!6(ages invest!(s t! investC t:at :eps b6sinesses astC and t:at a!9s invest3ents t! ;!6(is: and pa+ !;;.Q 7
nati!n-b6iding app(!a': (eN6i(es ne9 9a+s !; t:inking ab!6t and p6(s6ing e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent. #eing t:e panning !;;i'e t! g! get s!3e b6sinesses g!ing d!esnSt begin t! '(a'k t:e
p(!be3. #:e s!6ti!ns ie ese9:e(eM in t:e design and '!nst(6'ti!n !; nati!ns t:at 9!(k. Ne9 ideas in tax '(edits and !t:e( tax in'entives ;!( t(ibes 'an be a pa(t
!; t:is nati!n-b6iding app(!a':C b+ a+ing t:e ;is'a ;(a3e9!(k ;!( t(iba b6siness t! p(!spe(. A6t tax '(edits 9i !n+ be a pa(t !; t:e s!6ti!n
3!ving t!9a(d t(iba e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent 9i (eN6i(e 36': b(!ade( e;;!(t t:an tax '(edits a!neC and 8!ng(ess s:!6d be 'a6ti!ned against t:inking t:at s!ving t:e *#8
t(ans;e(abiit+ p(!be3 9i p(!ve a 3agi' b6et ;!( t(ibes
#(adabe tax '(edits a(e a ta(getedC p(a'ti'a p!i'+ inst(63ent. #:e+ :ave been 6sed b+ t:e statesC t:e+ a(e (even6e ne6t(aC and
t:e+ enF!+ b(!ad p!iti'a s6pp!(t ;(!3 p!iti'iansC p!i'+3ake(sC and t(iba g(!6ps. #(adabe tax '(edits 'a((+ !6t t:e 'ea(+ a(ti'6ated '!ng(essi!na
g!as !; p(!viding in'entives t! 'e(tain e'!n!3i' a'tivitiesC (ed6'ing t(iba dependen'+ t:(!6g: (es!6('e deve!p3entC and in'(easing t(iba s!ve(eignt+. Indian 8!6nt(+ s6;;e(s
;(!3 a R)5 bii!n s:!(t;a in 'apita invest3ent.
#:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent :as a n63be( !; t!!s at its disp!sa 9:i': it 'an 6se t! add(ess t:e p(!be3 a t(adabe tax '(edit is +ing
at t:e t!p !; t:e t!! b!x and s:!6d be 3ade a pe(3anent ;ixt6(e !; 0.,. ene(g+ and Indian a9.
.5
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- -P ? Economic 8rowth
Alternati%e ener,) prod(ction on Tri'al lands help *.+. and tri'al economies
=REEN E8ONOMIE, IN N7#I<E 8OMM0NI#IE,M M7,,I<E *O#EN#I7LC M7[IM0M IM*78# *(!viding 'ean (ene9abe ene(g+ deve!p3ent and (eve(sing t:e
t(end ;(!3 exp!itati!n t!9a(d ene(g+ F6sti'e s:!6d be t!p p(i!(it+ in ad3inist(ati!n ene(g+ de'isi!ns. #(ibes 36st be p(!vided ;ede(a s6pp!(t
t! !9n and !pe(ate a ne9 '(!p !; (ene9abe ee't(i'it+ gene(ating in;(ast(6't6(e p(!viding t:e d6a bene;its !; !9 'a(b!n p!9e(
and g(een e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent 9:e(e it is needed 3!st. #(ibes s:!6d be ta(geted 9it: e;;i'ien'+ p(!g(a3s t! (ed6'e '!ns63pti!n !; ;!ssi ;6es ;!( :eating
and '!!ing and '(eating !'a F!bs 9eat:e(iPing and (et(!;itting b6idingsC :eping (ed6'e t:e t(e3end!6s a3!6nt !; 3!ne+ t:at exits '!336nities t! i3p!(t ene(g+.
^b#(iba ands :ave an esti3ated )") Aii!n kW:/+ea( !; 9ind p!9e( gene(ati!n p!tentia.
^b#(iba ands :ave an esti3ated 1/C555 Aii!n kW:/+ea( !; s!a( ee't(i'it+ gene(ati!n p!tentiaC ab!6t 4.) ti3es t!ta 0, ann6a gene(ati!n.
^bInvesting in (ene9a be ene(g+ '(eates 3!(e F!bs pe( d!a( invested t:an ;!ssi ;6e ene(g+.
^bE;;i'ien'+ '(eates 21.) F!bs ;!( eve(+ R1 3ii!n invested.
^b#:e '!sts !; ;6e ;!( 9ind and s!a( p!9e( 'an be p(!Fe'ted int! t:e ;6t6(eC p(!viding a 6niN6e !pp!(t6nit+ ;!( stabiiPing an ene(g+ intensive e'!n!3+.
E;;!(ts s:!6d be 3ade t! invest !'a+ ;i(st- ;(!3 t(aining g(een F!bs 9!(ke(s !'a+ t! 6sing !'a b6iding 3ate(ias t!
p(!d6'ing ene(g+ !'a+C '!sing t:e ;inan'ia !!p 9i :ep (evitaiPe Native 73e(i'aEs st(anged e'!n!3iesC 3aking t:e3 ess v6ne(abe
t! v!atie exte(na '!sts and 3axi3iPing t:e p!sitive i3pa't !; t:e ne9 g(een (ev!6ti!n. 7 g(een F!bs e'!n!3+ and a ne9C ;!(9a(d t:inking ene(g+ and 'i3ate p!i'+ 9i
t(ans;!(3 t(iba and !t:e( (6(a e'!n!3iesC and pro%ide the 'asis 7or an economic reco%er) in the *nited +tates. In !(de( t! 3ake t:is
p!ssibeC 9e en'!6(age t:e Oba3a 7d3inist(ati!n t! p(!vide in'entives and assistan'e t! a't6aiPe (ene9abe ene(g+ deve!p3ent
b+ t(ibes and Native !(ganiPati!ns.
^bIn'(ease t:e 'apa'it+ !; t(ibes and t(iba '!eges ed6'ati!n instit6ti!ns t! t(ain t:e next gene(ati!n !; g(een F!b 9!(ke(s and
'!ntin6e t! b!!st t:e 'apa'it+ !; te':ni'a t(aining p(!g(a3s. In'6ded in t:ese p(!g(a3s s:!6d be t(aining t! 6se nat6(a !'a 3ate(ias 9it: !9e( e3bedded
ene(g+ '!sts and g(eate( passive s6(vivabiit+ in t:e ;a'e !; 'i3ate ext(e3es.
^b8(eate ;inan'ia s6pp!(t ;!( e;;i'ien'+ in ;ede(a ;6e assistan'e p(!g(a3sC and ;!( t:e instaati!n !; s!a( :eating panes and !t:e( inn!vati!ns 9:i': de;e't (ising ;6e '!stsC and p(!vide
;!( !'a e3p!+3entC espe'ia+ in (6(a a(eas.
^bEns(re the Prod(ction Tax -redit 7or renewa'le proGects is renewed 7or at least 12 )ears and made applica'le to tri'es to
enco(ra,e tri'al ownershipC as '6((ent+ it penaiPes t(iba !9ne(s:ip !; p(!Fe'ts.
^b*(!vide a (ene9abe p(!d6'ti!n (e;6nd ;!( t(iba p(!Fe'ts t:at 'anEt 6tiiPe tax '(edits. 7 (e;6nd at ;a'e va6e !; t:e tax '(edit Iva6ed at 2.1 'entsJ 9!6d be 3!(e e'!n!3i' t! t:e ;ede(a
g!ve(n3ent t:an t:e appied tax '(edit Iva6ed at ".) 'entsJ.
^b*(!vide spe'ia ;inan'ia 3at':ing g(ants t! 'apitaiPe (ene9abe ene(g+ p!tentia in t(iba '!336nities.
^b8(eate a (ene9abe ene(g+ spe'i;i' Invest3ent #ax 8(edit ;!( t(ibes t! att(a't t:e de'(easing n63be( !; invest!(s t:at :ave tax '(edits.
^bRes!ve ti3eine iss6es 9it: 8ean Rene9abe Ene(g+ A!nds I8REAJO :ist!(+ s:!9s t:at p(edi'ting t:e ti3eine ;!( an+ kind !; 3aF!(
ene(g+ deve!p3ent 'an be di;;i'6tC a (eas!nabe a3!6nt !; ;exibiit+ ! 6g:t t! be b6it int! t:e p(!g(a3 t! ens6(e t:at p(!Fe't
dea+s d!nEt (es6t in pa+ba'k sta(ting be;!(e a p(!Fe't is '!3peted.
&enewa'le ener,) 'oosts Nati%e American5s econom)

O<ER<IEW W:en '!nside(ing ene(g+ p(!d6'ti!nC (es!6('e ext(a'ti!nC :!6sing and ene(g+ e;;i'ien'+ it is essentia t:at t:e
ad3inist(ati!n take int! a''!6nt t:e disp(!p!(ti!nate i3pa'ts !; 'i3ate ':ange and ene(g+ deve!p3ent !n 73e(i'an Indian
(ese(vati!n and 7aska Native viagesC and t:e p!tentia ;!( 'ata+Ping g(een (ese(vati!n e'!n!3ies. We ask t:at t:e ad3inist(ati!n '!ns6t
9it: H!n!( t:e Ea(t:C Inte(t(iba 8!6n'i On 0tiit+ *!i'+ and t:e Indigen!6s Envi(!n3enta Net9!(kC (ep(esenting a net9!(k !; 2)5 g(ass(!!ts t(iba !(ganiPati!ns and t(ibesC t! ens6(e
inp6t ;(!3 i3pa'ted '!336nities is ;6+ taken int! a''!6ntC and t! ens6(e Native 73e(i'an pa(ti'ipati!n in t:e g(een e'!n!3+ !; t:e ;6t6(e. 7 F6st nati!n-t!-nati!n
(eati!ns:ip 3eans b(eaking t:e '+'e !; asking Native 73e(i'a t! choose bet9een e'!n!3i' de%elopment and preser%ation !;
its '6t6(es and andsO renewa'le ener,) and e77icienc) impro%ements pro%ide opport(nit) to do 'oth sim(ltaneo(sl). 7
g(eenC 'a(b!n-(ed6'ed ene(g+ p!i'+ :as 3aF!( nati!na and inte(nati!na :63an (ig:tsC envi(!n3enta and ;inan'ia '!nseN6en'esC
and 9e beieve t:at t:is ad3inist(ati!n 'an p(!vide g(!6ndb(eaking eade(s:ip !n t:is p!i'+. #:e (eait+ is t:at t:e 3!st e;;i'ientC
g(een e'!n!3+ 9i need t:e vast 9ind and s!a( (es!6('es t:at ie !n Native 73e(i'an ands. #:is p(!vides t:e ;!6ndati!n !; n!t !n+ a
g(een !9 'a(b!n e'!n!3+ b6t as! 'ata+Pes deve!p3ent !; t(e3end!6s :63an and economic potential in the poorest
comm(nit) in t:e 0nited ,tates- Native 73e(i'a.
.1
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- -P sol%es so%erei,nt)
Expandin, &enewa'le Ener,) 'olsters Nati%e sel7?determination economic a(tonom)
1A+-=.E 2; ;!(3e( ,enat!( ;(!3 ,.Dak!taC Lega 7dvis!(C ,eni!( 1e!9 at t:e 8ente( ;!( 73e(i'an *(!g(ess
G#!3 Das':eC 1eb(6a(+C 8ean (ene9abe ene(g+ b!ndsC :ttpM//999.(nn.'!3/7(t1eb5./8eanRene9abeEne(g+A!nds.:t3J

7 itte-n!ti'ed se'ti!n !; 73e(i'aEs ne9 nati!na ene(g+ p!i'+ '!6d b(ing ne9 F!bs and !pp!(t6nities t! Indian 8!6nt(+ and :ep (ed6'e 73e(i'aEs dependen'e !n ;!(eign !i $ b6t
t(ibes need t! a't N6i'k+ i; t:e+ 9ant t! take advantage !; t:is !pp!(t6nit+.#:e Ene(g+ *!i'+ 7't !; 255)C signed b+ *(esident A6s: ast 76g6stC '!ntains a p!9e(;6 ne9 e'!n!3i'
deve!p3ent t!! $ 8ean Rene9abe Ene(g+ A!nds $ t! p(!vide t(iba g!ve(n3ents 9it: inte(est-;(ee ;inan'ing ;!( (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!Fe'tsC s6': as 9ind ;a'iitiesC '!sed and !pen
!!p bi!3assC ge!t:e(3aC s!a(C and;i gasC t(as: '!3b6sti!n ;a'iitiesC s3a i((igati!n p!9e(C and :+d(!p!9e(. Man+ t(ibes a(e a( ead+ in t:e ate(native ene(g+
b6siness. #:e R!seb6d ,i!6x #(ibe in ,!6t: Dak!taC ;!( instan'eC is 6sing t:e !ne g(eat nat6(a (es!6('e t:at 9as neve( taken ;(!3
t:e3 $ t:e 9ind $ t! '(eate ene(g+ and F!bs ;!( its 3e3be(s. #:e t(ibe !pe(ates a giant 9ind t6(bine t:at gene(ates en!6g: ee't(i'it+ t! p!9e(
:6nd(eds !; :!3es. #:e ne9 Ene(g+ *!i'+ 7't a6t:!(iPes R255 3ii!n in 8ean Rene9abe Ene(g+ A!nds $ 8REA A!nds -- t! :ep t(iba
and !'a g!ve(n3ents and ee't(i' '!!pe(atives deve!p t:ei( !9n ate(nat ive ene(g+ p(!Fe'ts .
8ean ene(g+ b!nds 'an :ep 3!ve 73e(i'a t!9a(d ene(g+ se;-s6;;i'ien'+ and stren,then Indian sel7?determination at t:e
sa3e ti3e. Rene9abe ene(g+ p(!Fe'ts 'an :ep t(ibes add(ess t:ei( p(essing e'!n!3i' needs in 9a+s t:at s6pp!(tC n!t 6nde(3ineC
t(aditi!na t(iba va6es. Instead !; ex:a6sting t:e Ea(t:Es !i s6ppiesC t:e ;ede(a and t(iba g!ve(n3ents 'an 9!(k t!get:e( t! deve!p ne9C s6stainabe s!6('es !; ene(g+.
*ai(ed 9it: !t:e( ind6st(ia pa(ksC (etai st!(es and !t:e( e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent initiativesC t:ese ne9 ene(g+ b!nds 'an :ep t(ibes '(eate ne9 F!bs and 'an as! :ep '(eate ne9 s!6('es !;
(even6e ;!( t(iba g!ve(n3ents.A6t t:e(e is an i3p!(tant 'at':. #:e '6t-!;; date ;!( t(iba g!ve(n3ents t! s6b3it t:ei( p(!p!sas ;!( 8ean Rene9abe Ene(g+ A!nds is '!3ing 6p ;astM
7p(i 2..#:e p(!p!sas 36st des'(ibe in detai t:e (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!Fe't and t:e t(ibeEs panned s!6('es !; b!t: p6bi' and p(ivate ;6nding. #:e p(!p!sas 36st as! in'6de
'e(ti;i'ati!n b+ an independentC i'ensed enginee( t:at t:e p(!Fe't satis;ies t:e IR,Es (eN6i(e3entsO as 9e as a pan t! !btain a ne'essa(+ (eg6at!(+ app(!vasC and a s':ed6e ;!( 9:en
t:e b!nds 9i be iss6ed and (epaid.#:e 7p(i 2. deadine 9as set b+ t:e IR,. It 9as n!t in t:e Ene(g+ *!i'+ 7't itse; n!( did 8!ng(ess (eN6i(e itC and it 9as n!t ann!6n'ed b+ t:e IR,
6nti De'e3be( 12. ,6': a N6i'k t6(na(!6nd 9!6d be di;;i'6t ;!( 3!st !(ganiPati!ns. 1!( t(iba g!ve(n3ents 9it: itte expe(ien'e in b!nding te':ni'aities !( ate(native ene(g+
deve!p3entC t:e 7p(i 2. deadine 3a+ be espe'ia+ :a(d t! 3eet. One 'an see :!9 s!3e 3ig:t N6esti!n :!9 se(i!6s t:e 7d3inist(ati!n is ab!6t ene(g+ independen'e !( e'!n!3i'
deve!p3ent in Indian 8!6nt(+. #:!se N6esti!ns dese(ve se(i!6s ans9e(s. 1!( n!9C :!9eve(C t:e t!p p(i!(it+ ;!( t(iba g!ve(n3ents inte(ested in taking advantage !; t:is p!9e(;6 ne9
e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent t!! 36st be 3eeting t:e 7p(i 2. deadine ;!( p(!p!sas.
Deve!ping ne9 s!6('es !; 'eanC (ene9abe ene(g + 'an b!!st 73e(i'aEs ene(g+ se;-s6;;i'ien'+ and stren,then Indian sel7?
determination. ItEs t:e (ig:t t:ing t! d!.
.2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- -P modeled
*.+. ,reen action modeled
7 =REEN E8ONOMY I, BEY IN #HE DE<ELO*MEN# O1 L0,# REL7#ION, WI#H N7#I<E 7MERI87N, 7ND 87N *L78E #HE 0, IN 7N E[8ELLEN# LI=H#
IN#ERN7#ION7LLY. N!9 is t:e ti3e t! a't t! ens6(e t:at t:e next *(esidentia ega'+ is !ne t:at p(!vides ;!( t:e nati!nEs p!9e( needs
9:ie e3p!9e(ing t:is '!ntinentEs 1i(st Nati!ns 9it: s6stainabe e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent. #(iba+ !9ned and !pe(ated (ene9abe ene(g+C a!ng 9it:
g(een F!bs t:at :ep (ed6'e dependen'e !n ;!ssi ;6es a(e 'ent(a t! a s6stainabe and a;;!(dabe !9-'a(b!n ene(g+ ;6t6(e. Ene(g+ de'isi!ns 3ade b+ t:is
ad3inist(ati!n 9i :ave signi;i'ant d!3esti' and inte(nati!na i3pi'ati!ns ;!( 3an+ gene(ati!ns t! '!3e. #:e 3!st (e'ent 'i3ate (esea(':
indi'ates t:at it 9i be ne'essa(+ t! ei3inate ant:(!p!geni' 'a(b!n di!xide e3issi!ns '!3pete+ as s!!n as p(a'ti'a t! stabiiPe t:e 'i3ate. Ove( 25\ !; 0.,. g(een:!6se gas e3issi!ns
a(e ass!'iated 9it: ;!ssi ;6e 6se and it is te':ni'a+ and e'!n!3i'a+ ;easibe t! p:ase !6t ;!ssi-;6e-(eated 8O2 e3issi!ns ;(!3 t:e 0.,. e'!n!3+ b+ 3id-'ent6(+. #:e 0, s:!6d
ad!pt t:is as a g!a. #aking b!d steps t!9a(d '(eating a 'ean s6stainabe ene(g+ ;6t6(e 9i enabe t:e 0nited ,tates t! b!t: a':ieve
ene(g+ independen'e and (eestabis: !6( '!6nt(+Es p!siti!n as a (espe'ted inte(nati!na eade(.
."
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
PT- Politics Pop(lar
-on,ress s(pports the idea o7 PT-
8!ng(ess :as a'ted !n its g!as !; in'(easing (ene9abe ene(g+ p(!d6'ti!n b+ ena'ting t:e *#8. 8!ng(ess :as as! a'ted !n its g!as !; in'(easing t(iba ene(g+ (es!6('e p(!d6'ti!n b+
ena'ting pa(ts !; t:e Ene(g+ *!i'+ 7't !; 255). 8!ng(ess 9!6d ike t(iba '!(p!(ati!ns t! 9!(k t!9a(d (es!6('e deve!p3ent in t:e sa3e
3anne( as n!n-(ese(vati!n b6sinesses. #:e 255) Ene(g+ *!i'+ 7't a(ti'6ates 8!ng(essS intent t! ;!ste( ene(g+ deve!p3ent !n
t(iba ands. #:e ,enate 8!33ittee !n Ene(g+ and Nat6(a Res!6('esC in its (ep!(t !n t:e biC 9(!te Q#:e(e a(e ab6ndant ene(g+ (es!6('es avaiabe ;!(
p(!d6'ti!n !n Indian ands. Deve!p3ent !; t:!se (es!6('es 36st be en'!6(aged.Q22 Making t:e *#8 t(adabe 9!6d 3e(ge t:!se t9! g!as.
8!ng(ess s:!6d andC t:e (e'!(d indi'atesC d!es - 9ant Indian t(ibes t! ;a'e t:e sa3e set !; in'entives as n!n-Indian b6siness
entities. A!t: !gi' and '!ng(essi!na a'ti!n indi'ate t:at t:e g!ve(n3ent 9!6d 9ant a e'!n!3i' a'tivit+ 9it:in t:e b!6nda(ies
!; t:e 0nited ,tates t! ;a'e t:e sa3e in'entive s+ste3C in !(de( t! b(!ad+ en'!6(age t:e a'tivities ta(geted b+ tax '(edits. 8!ng(ess
:as a(ti'6ated its g!as !; ene(g+ se'6(it+ and 'ean ene(g+ p(!d6'ti!n. #(ibesC given t:e p(!pe( in'entivesC and a t(adabe *#8C
'an :ep t:e 0.,. 3eet t:!se g!as.
.4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
8i%e the .and #ac9 -P sol%es ,enocide
Withholdin, land 7rom Nati%es ris9s ,enocide
-h(rchill 53I pro7essor o7 ethnic st(dies M *ni%ersit) o7 -olorado> #o(lder
GWa(d 8:6(':iC %Ma(xis3 and Native 73e(i'ans&. ,!6t: End *(essC 142". pgs )-.H
0n;!(t6nate+C t:e 3atte( see3s a bit ess !bvi!6s t! 3an+ !; 3+ !pp!siti!n-3inded '!eag6es. #:e(e a(eC !; '!6(seC a n63be( !; a(g63ents t! be 3adeC b6t !ne !; t:e 3!(e basi' (eates
t! t:e iss6e !; and base. #:e(e 'an be n! N6esti!n t:at t:e enti(et+ !; t:e '!ntinenta 0nited ,tates :as been exp(!p(iated ;(!3 its !(iginaC
indigen!6s in:abitantsC 9it: in'a'6ab+ :a(3;6 '!nseN6en'es a''(6ing t! t:e3 in t:e p(!'ess. 1(!3 a 3!(a pe(spe'tiveC it
s:!6d be eN6a+ 'ea( t:at n! :63ane s!6ti!n t! t:e !ve(a iss6es '!n;(!nting an+ 73e(i'an (adi'a 'an (eas!nab+ be said t!
existC s:!6d it ex'6de 3e':anis3s t:(!6g: 9:i': t! sa;eg6a(d t:e (esid6a and base and '6t6(a identities !; t:ese pe!pe.
#:is p(esents a bit !; a die33a in t:at t:e and '6((ent+ !''6pied b+ Indian t(iba g(!6ps '!ntains s!3et:ing !n t:e !(de( !; t9!-t:i(ds !; a (eadi+ ext(a'tabe 0., ene(g+ (es!6('e
dep!sitsC as 9e as N6ite s6bstantia invent!(ies !; !t:e( '(iti'a (a9 3ate(ias. ,6': (es!6('es a(e as ne'essa(+ t! a e;t-!(iented ind6st(iaiPed s!'iet+ as t:e+ a(e t! !ne 9it: a (ig:t-9ing
p:i!s!p:+. 0ness t:e e;t a'kn!9edges t:isC t:e(e is p!tentia+ n! di;;e(en'e bet9een t:e e;t and t:e (ig:t in t:ei( i3pa't !n Native 73e(i'ans. On t:e ;a'e !; itC 3atte(s 9i be
essentia+ t:e sa3eM t:e Indians 9i be divested !; '!nt(! !ve( t:ei( ast (e3aining (es!6('es b+ a ;a'ti!ns !; t:e E6(!-73e(i'an p!iti'a spe't(63C 6ness t:e e;t 'an
a(ti'6ate a '!:e(ent ;!(36ati!n !; p(i!(ities and va6es a!9ing ;!( Iat t:e ve(+ eastJ 3aintenan'e !; t:e Indian/9:ite stat6s N6!
in te(3s !; and base. #:is is n!t an 6ni3p!(tant '!nside(ati!nC given t:e di(e't inkage !; indigen!6s '6t6(es t! va(i!6s
ge!g(ap:i'a a(eas and '!nditi!ns. #:e ate(native t! a satis;a't!(+ s!6ti!n in t:is instan'e is gen!'ide.
$iolation o7 treat) a,reements is lar,el) loo9ed at as a h(man ri,hts %iolation
-h(rchill 522 pro7essor o7 ethnic st(dies M *ni%ersit) o7 -olorado> #o(lder
GWa(d 8:6(':iC %#:e ,t(6gge ;!( t:e Land&. ,!6t: End *(essC 2552. pgs 2-"H
#:e se'!nd i3p!(tant aspe't !; t:e 3ap is t:e ega basis ;!( p(!te'ting t:e envi(!n3ent and t:e in:abitants it p!ints 6p. #:e native st(6gge in N!(t: 73e(i'a t!da+ 'an
!n+ be p(!pe(+ 6nde(st!!d as a p6(s6it !; t:e (e'!ve(+ !; and (ig:ts 9:i': a(e g6a(anteed t:(!6g: t(eaties. W:at Indians ask-
9:at 9e (ea+ expe't- ;(!3 t:!se 9:! 'ai3 t! be !6( ;(iends and aies is (espe't and s6pp!(t ;!( t:ese t(eaties (ig:ts.
W:at d!es t:is 3eanT WeC it sta(ts 9it: adv!'ating t:e Indians (egain 6se !; and F6(isdi'ti!n !ve( 9:at t:e t(eaties de;ine as being !6( ands. It 3eans di(e't s6pp!(t t! Indian e;;!(ts t!
(e'!ve( t:ese andsC b6t n!t g!ve(n3enta atte3pts t! %'!3pensate& 6s 9it: 3!ne+ ;!( ands 9e neve( ag(eed t! se. #:isC in t6(nC 3eans t:at t:!se indigen!6s
g!ve(n3ents 9:i': t(aditi!na+ :ep (eg6at!(+ and en;!('e3ent p!9e( 9it:in Indian 8!6nt(+-n!t t:e %3!(e 3!de(n& and
!t:e(9ise n!n-t(aditi!na %t(iba '!6n'is& i3p!sed 6p!n Indians b+ t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent 6nde( t:e Indian Re!(ganiPati!n 7't
!; 14"2- s:!6d :ave t:e (ig:t t! (es63e t:ei( a'tivities n!9. A+ extensi!nC t:is 9!6d t:at 36': and 9:i': is '6((ent+ taxedC (eg6atedC st(ip 3inedC
3iita(iPedC d(!9ned b+ :+d(!ee't(i'a gene(ati!n !( !ve( i((igati!nC and n6ked b+ t:e 0.,. and 8anadian g!ve(n3ents 9!6d n! !nge( be 6nde( t:ei( '!nt(! !( F6(isdi'ti!n an+ !nge(.
,6(e+C t:is is p(!spe't 9:i': a p(!g(essive and s!'ia+ '!ns'i!6s pe!pe 'an e3b(a'e.
W:at is pe(:aps 3!st i3p!(tant ab!6t Indian t(eat+ (ig:ts is t:e p!9e( !; t:e d!'63ents t! 'a(i;+ 3atte(s 9:i': 9!6d !t:e(9ise be '!nsigned b+ nati!n state ap!!gists t! t:e (ea3 !;
%!pini!n& and %inte(p(etati!n.& #:e t(eaties a+ t:ings !6t 'ea(+C and t:e+ a(e inst(63ents !; inte(nati!na a9. In t:is senseC t:e vi!ati!n !; t:e t(eat+ (ig:ts !; 3an+
given pe!pe (ep(esents a pain t(ansg(essi!n against t:e (ig:ts !; a pe!peC eve(+9:e(e. #:is 'an be a p!tent 9eap!n in t:e
!(ganiPati!n !; st(6gges ;!( F6sti'e and sanit+ in eve(+ '!(ne( !; t:e g!be. 7nd it s:!6d be app(e'iated as s6': b+ t:!se 9:!
':a3pi!n 'a6ses (anging ;(!3 p(!te'ti!n !; t:e envi(!n3enta t! 6nive(sa :63an (ig:ts.
Native N!(t: 73e(i'a is st(6gging t! b(eak ;(ee !; t:e '!!niaistC 3iita(ist nati!n-state d!3inati!n in 9:i': it is n!9 eng6;ed. It
is ;ig:ting t! %se'ede& ;(!3 t:e 0., and 8anada. A6tC be'a6se !; t:e b(!ade( i3pi'ati!ns !; t:isC 9e (e;e( t! t:e (es6ts 9e seek n!t as %se'essi!nC& b6t as %s6''ess.& #:is is t(6eC n!t F6st
;!( IndiansC b6t ;!( a iving t:ings and t:e ea(t: itse;. W!nEt +!6 :ep 6s s6''eed int! a ;6-s'ae e3e(gen'e !; !6( Nat6(a W!(dT
.)
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
8ie the .and #ac9 -P sol%es po%ert)
8o%ernment a(thorit) o%er tri'es is what has lead to the massi%e amo(nts o7 po%ert)
-h(rchill 52! pro7essor o7 American Indian st(dies M the *ni%ersit) o7 -olorado at #o(lder
GWa(d 8:6(':i 3e3be( !; t:e eade(s:ip '!6n'i !; t:e 73e(i'an Indian M!ve3ent !; 8!!(ad!C nati!na sp!kespe(s!n ;!( t:e Le!na(d *etie( De;ense
8!33ittee. %,in'e *(edat!( 8a3e&C 255). pgs. ".-"/H
A!bEs n!ti!n !; inte(na '!!niais3C appies as it 9as t! t:e spe'i;i' '!ntext !; 73e(i'an Indians in t:e ate t9entiet: 'ent6(+C :as +ieded a p!9e(;6 ana+ti'a
6tiit+ !; t:!se !; 6s seeking t! de'ip:e( t:e pe'6ia(+ '!nv!6ted (eati!ns:ips !; t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3ent t! N!(t: 73e(i'aEs
native pe!pesC and :!9 t:is (eati!ns:ip :as 'a6sed Indians in t:e %and !; t:e ;(ee&- despite !6( n!3ina (etenti!n !; and and (es!6('es s6;;i'ient t! 3ake 6s
t:e 9eat:iest singe (a'ia/et:ni' p!p6ati!n agg(egate !n t:e '!ntinent- t! expe(ien'e ite(a #:i(d W!(d eves !; i3p!ve(is:3ent. A+ t:e 3id-14/5EsC t:e idea
!; Indians as '!!nies :ad taken ;i(3 :!d a3!ng a n63be( !; s':!a(s exp!(ing N6esti!ns !; Indian (ig:ts. Even ee3ents 9it:in t:e g!ve(n3ent itse; t! s!3e extent ad3itted t:e
vaidit+ !; p(e3iseC 9it: t:e 0.,. 8ivi Rig:ts '!33issi!n p6bis:ing a 3aF!( st6d+ !; '!nditi!ns a3!ng t:e NavaF!s entited %#:e NavaF! Nati!nM 7n 73e(i'an 8!!n+&. 7 9:!e ne9
6nde(standing !; t:e native N!(t: 73e(i'an '!ntext 9as beginning.
/ederal leadership o%er reser%ations ca(ses all acts o7 %iolence> po%ert)
-h(rchill 52! pro7essor o7 American Indian st(dies M the *ni%ersit) o7 -olorado at #o(lder
GWa(d 8:6(':i 3e3be( !; t:e eade(s:ip '!6n'i !; t:e 73e(i'an Indian M!ve3ent !; 8!!(ad!C nati!na sp!kespe(s!n ;!( t:e Le!na(d *etie( De;ense
8!33ittee. %,in'e *(edat!( 8a3e&C 255). pgs. ".-"/H
1!( g(ass(!!t Indian pe!peC t:e b(!ade( :63an '!sts !; !ng!ing 0.,. d!3inati!n a(e ab6ndant+ 'ea(. #:e 1.. 3ii!n 73e(i'an
Indians 9it:in t:e 0nited ,tates (e3ainC n!3ina+ at eastC t:e a(gest pe( 'apita and !9ne(s in N!(t: 73e(i'a. =iven t:e extent
!; t:e (es!6('es 9it:in t:ei( and baseC Indians s:!6d b+ !gi'a extensi!n '!3p(ise t:e 9eat:iest et:ni' g(!6p !n N!(t:
73e(i'an s!'iet+. InsteadC a''!(ding t! t:e ;ede(a g!ve(n3entEs !9n statisti'sC t:e+ a(e t:e p!!(estC de3!nst(ating ;a( and a9a+ t:e !9est
ann6a and i;eti3e in'!3esC t:e :ig:est (ate !; 6ne3p!+3entC !9est (ate !; pa+ and 9:enC t:e !9est eve !; ed6'ati!na attain3ent !; an+ N!(t: 73e(i'a p!p6ati!n agg(egate.
8!((esp!nding+C t:e+ s6;;e(C b+ de'isive 3a(ginsC t:e g(eatest in'iden'e !; 3an6t(iti!n and diabetesC deat: b+ exp!s6(eC t6be('6!sisC in;ant 3!(tait+C pag6eC and si3ia( 3aadies.
#:ese '!nditi!ns in '!3binati!n 9it: t:e gene(a dise3p!9e(3ent 9:i': spa9ns t:e3 b(eed an 6n(e3itting sense !; (ageC
;(6st(ati!nC and despai( 9:i': is (e;e'ted in t:e spi(aing (ates !; d!3esti' and !t:e( ;!(3s !; int(ag(!6p vi!en'eC a'!:!is3 and
(es6ting deat: b+ a''ident !( ;eta a'!:! s+nd(!3e. 8!nseN6ent+C t:e ave(age i;e expe'tan'+ !; a (ese(vati!n-based Native 73e(i'an 3ae in 1425 9as a 3e(e
44.. +ea(sC t:at !; :is ;e3ae '!6nte(pa(t ess t:an t:(ee +ea(s !nge(. ,6': a statisti'a p!(t(ait is !bvi!6s+ 3!(e indi'ative !; a #:i(d W!(d envi(!n3ent t:an t:at expe'ted !; pe!pe
iving !ne !; t:e 9!(dEs 3!st advan'ed ind6st(ia states.
..
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Indian -o(ntr) o77ensi%e
The term Indian -o(ntr) is incorrect
+tarr> 2:C a6t:!( ;!( ]3agaPineC
G,'!tt ,ta((C %DIndian 8!6nt(+E- Ae+!nd t:e D=(een ]!neE In I(aN&E ]3agaPineC :ttpM//999.P3ag.!(g/Pnet/vie97(ti'e/14.44H
M!st pe!pe :ave :ea(d t:e Qsa;eQ a(ea in Aag:dad 9:e(e 73e(i'ans and t:ei( aies :ave '(eated ;!(ts (e;e((ed t! as t:e Q=(een ]!neQ. I :ave as! :ea(d !( (ead a''!6nts
!; t:e a(ea !6tside t:e Q=(een ]!neQ (e;e((ed t! as t:e Red ]!ne -- !( s!3eti3es QIndian 8!6nt(+Q.
D6(ing t:e ;i(st =6; Wa(C A(igadie( =ene(a Ri':a(d NeaC b(ie;ing (ep!(te(s in Ri+ad:C ,a6di 7(abiaC stated t:at t:e 0.,. 3iita(+ 9anted t! be 'e(tain !; speed+
vi't!(+ !n'e t:e+ '!33itted and ;!('es t! QIndian 8!6nt(+.Q #:e ;!!9ing da+C in a na((!9+ p6bi'iPed state3ent !; p(!testC t:e
Nati!na 8!ng(ess !; 73e(i'an Indians p!inted !6t t:at 1)C555 Native 73e(i'ans 9e(e se(ving as '!3bat t(!!ps in t:e =6;. ,in'e
=ene(a NeaSs '!33entC :!9eve(C t:e te(3 QIndian 8!6nt(+Q :as be'!3e 3iita(+ sang t:at is !;ten 6sed b+ t(!!ps and eade(s !n t:e
g(!6nd in I(aN and 7;g:anistan. It 9as as! 6sed in t:e <iet Na3 9a(. I :ave :ea(d it !''asi!na+ 6sed in #.<. ne9s inte(vie9s and d!'63enta(ies 9it: and
ab!6t 3iita(+ pe(s!nne.
Y!6 seeC be+!nd t:e Q=(een ]!neQ !ne en'!6nte(s a Qte((!(istQ-in;ested te((it!(+- a 9ide(ness as dange(!6s t! t:e QF6sti'e bea(ing ibe(at!(sQ as t:e ands in:abited b+ b+ QRedskinsQ 9it:
t:e (esistan'e t:e+ !;;e(ed d6(ing t:e Indian 9a(s- 9a(s t:at !pp!sed t:e '!nN6estC t:e t:e;tC (apeC 36(de( and '6t6(a gen!'ide and t(eat+ b(eaking 3enda'it+ !; t:e aeged+ 8:(istian
'!!niPe(s.
#:is ing6isti' 6se !; t:e te(3 QIndian 8!6nt(+Q speaks v!63es ab!6t t:e intee't6a ign!(an'e and dis:!nest+ !; 3an+ in t:e
0nited ,tatesS se; i3age !; t:e s!6 !; 73e(i'a. It (eveas an !;ten 9i;6 ign!(an'e !; t:e pe('epti!n !; t:e (est !; t:e 9!(d. It
bespeaks !; a((!gan'eC :6b(isC and se; i3p!sed pate(nais3C ex'epti!nais3 and i3pe(iais3.
Indian -o(ntr) is racist re7ers to hostile territor)
1e6ain> 2IC a6t:!( 8EO !; Indian 8!6nt(+ 8!336ni'ati!ns and Edit!( !; Ne9s 1(!3 Indian 8!6nt(+
G*a6 DeMainC %Indian '!336nit+ de3ands ap!!g+ ;(!3 ins6ting (e3a(ks 3ade ab!6t ene3+ te((it!(+ b+ A(ig. =ene(a Ri':a(d Nea& A6e 8!(n 8!3i'sC
:ttpM//999.b6e'!(n'!3i's.'!3/ind't(+.:t3H
Indian g(!6ps a(!6nd t:e 0nited ,tates ang(i+ de3anded an ap!!g+ ;!( t:e Ma(ine gene(aSs (e;e(en'e.
Indians :ave ;!6g:t and a(e ;ig:ting ;!( t:e 0nited ,tates and Qb+ =!d +!6 sti get t:is kind !;...;(!3 t:e eade(sCQ said Wa+ne D6':enea6xC p(esident !; t:e Nati!na 8!ng(ess !;
73e(i'an Indians 9:i': (ep(esents )55 Indian t(ibes and !(ganiPati!ns in t:e 0nited ,tates.
D6':enea6xC a 3e3be( !; t:e 8:e+enne Rive( ,i!6x t(ibe in ,!6t: Dak!taC said t:e Nati!na 8!ng(ess !; 73e(i'an Indians 9as
seeking an ap!!g+ ;(!3 3iita(+ eade(s ;!( t:e Qign!(ant and insensitiveQ '!33ent.
Lt. 8!. L!:n #6C a sp!kes3an ;!( t:e 0, 3iita(+ 8ent(a 8!33and in ,a6di 7(abiaC said QIndian 8!6nt(+Q is a te(3 t:at 9as 6sed in <iet Na3 t! 3ean
:!stie te((it!(+. QI a3 n!t exa't+ s6(e 9:e(e it !(iginated. I; +!6 t:ink in '!33!n sense te(3sC 9:e(e 3ig:t it :ave '!3e ;(!3T 1(!3 t:e da+s !; t:e Wid West and s!3et:ing
ike t:atCQ #6 said.
7n!t:e( A6(ea6 sp!kes3anC 8aptain ,'!tt as! said :e (e3e3be(ed t:e '!33ent N6ite 'ea(+ be'a6se it 9as a te(3 :e :ad :ea(d in t:e <iet Na3 Wa( as 9e.
#6 and ,'!tt b!t: said Nea 9as 6navaiabe ;!( '!33ent.
Indian 8!6nt(+ :as n! !;;i'ia de;initi!n in 3iita(+ 3an6asC said *entag!n sp!kes9!3an Mi':ee Raba+da in Was:ingt!nC D.8.
A6t s!3e pe!pe beieve !t:e(9ise.
QI; +!6 t:ink !; West *!int 7'ade3+ and t:e t(aining t:at 3iita(+ '!33ande(s 9!6d :ave t! 6nde(takeC +!6 :ave t! askC 9:at 9as t:e !(igina (eas!n ;!( t:e estabis:3ent !; t:e
7'ade3+ in t:e ;i(st pa'eCQ said ,teve D!dgeC a 3e3be( !; t:e Oneida #(ibe.
QIt 9as ;!( t:e ;ig:ting !; Indian 9a(s. I d!6bt i; :e st63bed and t:atSs t:e (eas!n 9:+ Nea '!6d sa+ QIndian 8!6nt(+Q 9it:!6t
batting an e+eas:...itSs an instit6ti!naiPed te(3C :!stie te((it!(+ X Indian '!6nt(+C t:e+ b!t: 3ean t:e sa3e t:ing in 3iita(+
te(3sCQ said D!dge.
./
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Nati%e American o77ensi%e
Nati%e American is wron,Pthe) pre7er tri'al names
#err)> 2: a 8:e(!kee 9(ite( and p(!d6'e( !; t:e 9ebsite 7 #:ings 8:e(!kee
G8:(istina Ae((+C %73e(i'an Indian ve(s6s Native 73e(i'an& :ttpM//999.in;!pease.'!3/sp!t/ai:3te(3s.:t3H
In t:e endC t:e te(3 +!6 ':!!se t! 6se Ias an Indian !( n!n-IndianJ is +!6( !9n pe(s!na ':!i'e. <e(+ ;e9 Indians t:at I kn!9 'a(e eit:e( 9a+. #:e (e'!33ended 3et:!d is
t! (e;e( t! a pe(s!n b+ t:ei( t(ibeC i; t:at in;!(3ati!n is kn!9n. #:e (eas!n is t:at t:e Native pe!pes !; N!(t: 73e(i'a a(e
in'(edib+ dive(se. It 9!6d be ike (e;e((ing b!t: a R!3anian and an I(is:3an as E6(!pean. . . . GWH:eneve( p!ssibe an Indian
9!6d p(e;e( t! be 'aed a 8:e(!kee !( a Lak!ta !( 9:i':eve( t(ibe t:e+ be!ng t!. #:is s:!9s (espe't be'a6se n!t !n+ a(e +!6
sensitive t! t:e ;a't t:at t:e te(3s IndianC 73e(i'an IndianC and Native 73e(i'an a(e an !ve( si3pi;i'ati!n !; a dive(se et:ni'it+C
b6t +!6 as! s:!9 t:at +!6 istened 9:en t:e+ t!d 9:at t(ibe t:e+ be!nged t!.
W:en +!6 d!nSt kn!9 t:e spe'i;i' t(ibe si3p+ 6se t:e te(3 9:i': +!6 a(e 3!st '!3;!(tabe 6sing. #:e 9!(st t:at 'an :appen is t:at s!3e!ne 3ig:t '!((e't +!6 and !pen t:e d!!( ;!( a
t:!6g:t;6 debate !n t:e s6bFe't !; p!iti'a '!((e'tness and its i3pa't !n et:ni' identit+. W:at 3atte(s in t:e !ng (6n is n!t 9:i': te(3 is 6sed b6t t:e intenti!n 9it: 9:i': it is 6sed.
.2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
&eser%ation o77ensi%e
The word reser%ation implies white ownership
.a.onde> ":> a(thor o7 +tories> =(mor> and +(r%i%al in Bim Northr(pCs Wal9in, the &eF &oad
G8:(is LaL!ndeC %,t!(iesC H63!(C and ,6(viva in Li3 N!(t:(6pSs Waking t:e ReP R!ad& :ttpM//!n'a3p6s.(i':3!nd.ed6/;a'6t+/7,7IL/,7IL2/42.:t3H
#:e (eait+ !; Native i;e !n t:e ReP (!ad 3akes s6(viva di;;i'6tC !; '!6(seC and N!(t:(6p d!es n!t s:+ a9a+ ;(!3 p(esenting an :!nest pi't6(e !; t:e (ese(vati!n. 1!( instan'eC t:e
na((at!( !; Qb(!9n and 9:ite peekQ (esp!nds t! t:e N6esti!n QW:atSs it ike iving !n t:e (ePTQ b+ p!inting !6t t:at Q#:e 9!(d (ese(vati!n is a
3isn!3e( / (ese(ved ;!( 9:!T / #:e 9:ite 3an !9ns 25 pe('ent !; 3+ (eP . . .Q I154J. #:e 7nis:inaabe a(e nea(+ as F!bess as
t:e+ a(e andessM t:e(e is Q/5 pe('ent 6ne3p!+3ent !n t:e (eP / g! d!9n t:e (!ad a ;e9 3iesC itSs ) pe('entQ I154J. 7nis:inaabe 9(ite(C
ed6'at!(C and a'tivist Win!na LaD6ke 6ses statisti's ;(!3 a st6d+ d!ne at t:e W:ite Ea(t: (ese(vati!n t! s:!9 t:e i3p!(tan'e !; a Qand-based e'!n!3+ and 9a+ !; i;eQ in t:e ;a'e !;
see3ing+ stagge(ing e'!n!3i' :a(ds:ip. QW:ie 6ne3p!+3ent 9as isted b+ t:e Depa(t3ent !; Lab!( at app(!xi3ate+ /) pe('entC 3!st pe!pe 9e(e Se3p!+edS in a and-based
e'!n!3+Q Ixiii-xivJ t:at ;eat6(es s6': t(aditi!na a'tivities as s6ga(b6s:ing and t:e :a(vesting !; ;!9C s3a and a(ge ga3eC ;is:C and 9id (i'e. 0sing W:ite Ea(t: as :e( exa3peC
LaD6ke '!n'6des t:at Qin 3an+ Native '!336nities t:e t(aditi!na and-based e'!n!3+C and in ;a't t:is 9a+ !; i;eC (e3ains a 'ente(pie'e !; t:e '!336nit+Q IxivJ.
The word reser%ation implies prisons
@aren 1e .ooFe> 2I> Ph1 in -(lt(res and 1e%elopment +t(dies
GBa(en De L!!PeC %H!9 L!ng Did it #ake YO0 t! Lea(n +!6( Lang6ageT Iss6es ;!( t:e N!(t:e(n 8:e+enne #!da+& :ttpM///4.12).11".1"2/sea(':T
N>'a':eMI32E'RD27LMs!'.k6e6ven.be/ant(!p!!gie/et:n!g(ap:i'a/255"/De!!Pe.pd;a\22t:ea9!(da(ese(vati!n
\22anativeaide!!g+@'d>2@:>en@'t>'nk@g>6s@'ient>;i(e;!x-aH
Espe'ia+ ad!es'ents 9:! '!3peted t:ei( :ig: s':!! ed6'ati!n :ave t! ;a'e t:e ':!i'e !n'eM sta+ing !n t:e (ese(vati!n !( eavingT Li3ited e3p!+3ent !pp!(t6nities !n t:e
(ese(vati!n a(e an i3p!(tant ;a't!( in a de'isi!n t! eave. %It is :a(d t! s6pp!(t a ;a3i+ :e(eC !n t:e (esC& I 9as t!d 3!(e t:an !n'e. 7pa(t ;(!3 t:isC a !t !; pe!pe tak ab!6t
t:e (ese(vati!n in negative te(3sC !n t:e (ese(vati!n as 9e as !;; t:e (ese(vati!nC 3aking t:e pe(s!na st(6gge !ve( sta+ing !(
eaving even 3!(e di;;i'6t IA!+s and =i(s 86b e3p!+eeC *.8.J. IndeedC t:e 9!(d %(ese(vati!n& is !;ten p6t !n a pa( 9it: %p(is!nC&1" ;(eed!3
being va6ed b+ 3an+ +!6ngste(s. Ot:e( ;a't!(s a(e inte(3a((iageC t:e att(a'tiveness !; t:e 3an+ !pp!(t6nities ;!( a36se3ent in t:e 'it+C et'
The term reser%ation is am'i,(o(s
8o(ld> 2I> a G(d,e 7or the *nited +tates -o(rt o7 Appeals> Ninth -irc(it.
GL6dge R!nad M. =!6dC %8OE0R DS7LENE #RIAE O1 ID7HOC NeP *e('e #(ibeO ,:!s:!ne-Aann!'k #(ibesC *ainti;;s-7ppeeesC&
:ttpM//b6k.(es!6('e.!(g/'!6(ts.g!v/'/1"/"24/"24.1"d../4.52-".525.52-")442.52-")4.).:t3H
7t:!6g: t:e te(3 Q(ese(vati!nQ is '!33!n+ 6sed 9:en (e;e((ing t! Indian (ese(vati!nsC t:e 9!(d :as a b(!ade( (ea': and is
a3big6!6s in t:is '!ntext. 7s t:e dist(i't '!6(t n!tedC (ese(vati!ns in'6de Q3iita(+ basesC nati!na pa(ks and 3!n63entsC 9idi;e
(e;6gesC and ;ede(a p(!pe(t+.Q Ha33!ndC 224 1.,6pp.2d at 12.4. #:e ,6p(e3e 8!6(t si3ia(+ !bse(ved in 0nited ,tates v. 8eestineC 21) 0.,. 2/2C 22)C "5 ,.8t. 4"C )4
L.Ed. 14) I1454JC t:at QGtH:e 9!(d G(ese(vati!nH is 6sed in t:e and a9 t! des'(ibe an+ b!d+ !; andC a(ge !( s3aC 9:i': 8!ng(ess :as (ese(ved ;(!3 sae ;!( an+ p6(p!se.Q24 #:e intent
!; 8!ng(ess in a6t:!(iPing taxes !n ;6e deive(ed t! 0nited ,tates Q(ese(vati!nsC in a stat6t!(+ se'ti!n t:at d!es n!t (e;e( at a t! IndiansC Indian t(ibesC !( Indian (ese(vati!nsCQ 'ann!t be
said t! 3ean t:at states :ave been 6n3istakab+ a6t:!(iPed t! i3p!se taxes !n deive(ies t! t(iba gas stati!ns 9it:in Indian (ese(vati!ns. #:e(e is n! 6n3istakab+ 'ea( '!ng(essi!na
a6t:!(iPati!n ;!( s6': a tax. ,ee 8:i'kasa9 Nati!nC )1) 0.,. at 4)4C 11) ,.8t. 2214O Aa'k;eetC 4/1 0.,. at /.)C 15) ,.8t. 2"44.
.4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
&hetoric/1isco(rse -omes /irst
E(estions o7 polic) can5t e%en 'e attempted witho(t 7irst examinin, the rhetoric o7 the polic) it pro%es o(r
7ramewor9 sho(ld come 7irst. It isn5t that we create an arti7icial world where we i,nore their a77 its G(st that
o(rs is more important and we ha%e e%idence to s(pport it.
10TJ "; 7ssistant p(!;ess!( !; *!iti'a ,'ien'e at 7(iP!na ,tate 0nive(sit+
GR!xanne L+nnC I3pe(ia En'!6nte(sC p. 1/5-1/1H
N!(t:-,!6t: (eati!ns :ave been '!nstit6ted as a st(6't6(e !; de;e((a. #:e 'ente( !; t:e st(6't6(e Iate(native+ 9:ite 3anC 3!de(n 3anC t:e 6nited ,tatesC t:e WestC (ea statesJC :as neve(
been abs!6te+ p(esent !6tside a s+ste3 !; di;;e(en'es. It :as itse; been '!nstit6ted as t(a'e-t:e si36a'(63 !; a p(esen'e t:at dis!'ates itse;C dispa'es itse;C (e;e(s itse; Iibid.J.
Ae'a6se t:e 'ente( is n!t a ;ixed !'6s b6t a ;6n'ti!n in 9:i': an in;inite n63be( !; sign s6bstit6ti!ns '!3e int! pa+C t:e d!3ain and pa+ !; signi;i'ati!n is extended inde;inite+
IDe((ida 14/2M P2!J. #:is b!t: !pens 6p and i3its p!ssibiitiesC gene(ates ate(native sites !; 3eanings and p!iti'a (esistan'es t:at give (ise t! p(a'ti'es !; (eins'(ipti!n t:at seek t!
(ea;;i(3 identities and (eati!ns:ips. #:e in:e(ent+ in'!3pete and !pen nat6(e !; dis'!6(se 3akes t:is (ea;;i(3ati!n an !ng!ing and neve( ;ina+ '!3peted p(!Fe't. In t:is st6d+ I :ave
s!6g:tC t:(!6g: an engage3ent 9it: va(i!6s dis'!6(ses in 9:i': 'ai3s t! t(6t: :ave been stakedC t! ':aenge t:e vaidit+ !; t:e st(6't6(es !; 3eaning and t! 3ake visibe t:ei(
'!3pi'it+ 9it: p(a'ti'es !; p!9e( and d!3inati!n. A+ exa3ining t:e 9a+s in 9:i': st(6't6(es !; 3eaning :ave been ass!'iated 9it: i3pe(ia p(a'ti'esC I :ave s6ggested t:at t:e
'!nst(6'ti!n !; 3eaning and t:e '!nst(6'ti!n !; s!'iaC p! iti'aC and e'!n!3i' p!9e( a(e inext(i'ab+ inked. #:is s6ggests an
et:i'a di3ensi!n t! 3aking 3eaning and an et:i'a i3pe(ative t:at is in'63bent 6p!n t:!se 9:! t!i in t:e '!nst(6'ti!n !; st(6' -
t6(es !; 3eaning. #:is is espe'ia+ 6(gent in N!(t:-,!6t: (eati!ns t!da+M !ne d!es n!t :ave t! sea(': ve(+ ;a( t! ;ind a '!ntin6ing '!3pi'it+ 9it:
'!!nia (ep(esentati!ns t:at (anges ;(!3 a p!iti's !; sien'e and nege't t! '!nst(6'ti!ns !; te((!(is3C Isa3i' ;6nda3entais3C inte(nati!na d(6g t(a;;i'kingC and ,!6t:e(n
i33ig(ati!n t! t:e N!(t: as ne9 t:(eats t! g!ba stabiit+ and pea'e. #:e p!iti'a stakes (aised b+ t:is ana+sis (ev!ve a(!6nd t:e N6esti!n !; being
abe t! Qget be+!ndQ t:e (ep(esentati!ns !( speak !6tside !; t:e dis'!6(ses t:at :ist!(i'a+ :ave '!nst(6'ted t:e N!(t: and t:e ,!6t:. I d! n!t
beieve t:at t:e(e a(e an+ p6(e ate(natives b+ 9:i': 9e 'an es'ape t:e in;init+ !; t(a'es t! 9:i': =(a3s'i (e;e(s. N!( d! I 9is: t! s6ggest t:at
9e a(e a9a+s :!peess+ i3p(is!ned in a d!3inant and a-pe(vasive dis'!6(se. Ae;!(e t:is N6esti!n 'an be ans9e(ed-indeed.
'e7ore we can e%en proceed to attempt an answerXattention m(st 'e ,i%en to the politics o7 representation. #:e p(i'e t:at
inte(nati!na (eati!ns s':!a(s:ip pa+s ;!( its inatten ti!n t! t:e iss6e !; (ep(esentati!n is pe(pet6ati!n !; t:e d!3inant 3!des !; 3aking
3eaning and de;e((a !; its (esp!nsibiit+ and '!3 pi'it+ in d!3inant (ep(esentati!ns .
/5
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
/ramewor9 E(estions sho(ld come 'e7ore polic)ma9in, E(estions 'eca(se the) determine the e77ecti%eness>
acceptance> and possi'ilit) o7 a polic). /ail(re to prioritiFe the 7ramin, is to i,nore realit). Tr(th is a E(estion o7
7ramin, not o7 7acts.
T=E /&A6EW0&@+ IN+TIT*TE 2I 1(a3eW!(ks (esea(': :as been p(esented at t:e W:ite H!6se 8!n;e(en'e !n #eenage(sC Ma'7(t:6(
1!6ndati!n Resea(': Net9!(k !n ,6''ess;6 *at:9a+s #:(!6g: Midde 8:id:!!dC =(ant3ake(s ;!( 8:id(enC Y!6t: and 1a3iies Lea(ning 8i('e !n 8!nstit6en'+
A6idingC Nati!na 7'ade3+ !; ,'ien'e A!a(d !n 8:id(enC Y!6t: and 1a3iiesC ,6(ge!n =ene(aSs 8!n;e(en'e !n 8:id(en and O(a Heat:C t:e ;i(st F!int 3eeting !;
t:e 7ss!'iati!n !; ,tate and #e((it!(ia Denta Di(e't!(s and 73e(i'an 7ss!'iati!n !; *6bi' Heat: Dentist(+C t:e 1!(d 1!6ndati!nC W. #. =(ant 1!6ndati!nC and
n63e(!6s !t:e( ;!(63s. 86((ent p(!Fe'ts ;!'6s !n s6': iss6es as gende( eN6it+ and s':!! (e;!(3C eade(s:ip deve!p3entC g!ba 9a(3ingC neig:b!(:!!d
t(ans;!(3ati!nC g!ba inte(dependen'eC p!sitive +!6t: deve!p3entC ':id(enSs !(a :eat:C and ':id(enSs iss6es.
G%#:e 1(a3eW!(ks *e(spe'tiveM ,t(ategi' 1(a3e 7na+sisC& Int(!d6'ti!nC :ttpM//999.;(a3e9!(ksinstit6te.!(g/st(ategi'ana+sis/pe(spe'tive.s:t3H
1!( t:e past ;ive +ea(sC a (a(e '!ab!(ati!n bet9een '!336ni'ati!ns s':!a(s and p(a'titi!ne(s :as beg6n t! ev!ve a ne9 app(!a': t!
expaining s!'ia iss6es t! t:e p6bi'. ,t(ategi' ;(a3e ana+sis is an app(!a': t! '!336ni'ati!ns (esea(': and p(a'ti'e t:at pa+s attenti!n t! t:e p6bi'Ss deep+ :ed 9!(dvie9s
and 9ide+ :ed ass63pti!ns. #:is app(!a': 9as deve!ped at t:e 1(a3eW!(ks Instit6te b+ a 36ti-dis'ipina(+ tea3 !; pe!pe 'apabe !; st6d+ing t:!se ass63pti!ns and testing t:e3 t!
dete(3ine t:ei( i3pa't !n s!'ia p!i'ies. Re'!gniPing t:at t:e(e is 3!(e t:an !ne 9a+ t! te a st!(+C st(ategi' ;(a3e ana+sis taps int! de'ades
!; (esea(': !n :!9 pe!pe t:ink and '!336ni'ate. #:e (es6t is an e3pi(i'a+-d(iven '!336ni'ati!ns p(!'ess t:at 3akes
a'ade3i' (esea(': 6nde(standabeC inte(estingC and 6sabe t! :ep pe!pe s!ve s!'ia p(!be3s. #:is inte(dis'ipina(+ 9!(k is 3ade p!ssibe b+ t:e ;a't t:at t:e
'!n'ept !; ;(a3ing is ;!6nd in t:e ite(at6(es !; n63e(!6s a'ade3i' dis'ipines a'(!ss t:e s!'iaC be:avi!(a and '!gnitive
s'ien'es. *6t si3p+C ;(a3ing (e;e(s t! t:e '!nst(6't !; a '!336ni'ati!n X its ang6ageC vis6as and 3essenge(s X and t:e 9a+ it
signas t! t:e istene( !( !bse(ve( :!9 t! inte(p(et and 'assi;+ ne9 in;!(3ati!n. A+ ;(a3ingC 9e 3ean :!9 3essages a(e en'!ded
9it: 3eaning s! t:at t:e+ 'an be e;;i'ient+ inte(p(eted in (eati!ns:ip t! existing beie;s !( ideas. /rames tri,,er meanin,. #:e
N6esti!ns 9e askC in app+ing t:e '!n'ept !; ;(a3es t! t:e a(ena !; s!'ia p!i'+C a(e as ;!!9sM H!9 d!es t:e p6bi' t:ink ab!6t a pa(ti'6a( s!'ia !( p!iti'a iss6eT W:at is t:e p6bi'
dis'!6(se !n t:e iss6eT 7nd :!9 is t:is dis'!6(se in;6en'ed b+ t:e 9a+ 3edia ;(a3es t:at iss6eT H!9 d! t:ese p6bi' and p(ivate ;(a3es a;;e't p6bi' ':!i'esT H!9 'an an iss6e be
(e;(a3ed t! ev!ke a di;;e(ent 9a+ !; t:inkingC !ne t:at i63inates a b(!ade( (ange !; ate(native p!i'+ ':!i'esT #:is app(!a': is st(ategi' in t:at it n!t !n+
de'!nst(6'ts t:e d!3inant ;(a3es !; (e;e(en'e t:at d(ive (eas!ning !n p6bi' iss6esC b6t it as! identi;ies t:!se ate(native ;(a3es
3!st ike+ t! sti36ate p6bi' (e'!nside(ati!n and en63e(ates t:ei( ee3ents I(e;(a3ingJ. We 6se t:e te(3 (e;(a3e t! 3ean ':anging Qt:e '!ntext !; t:e
3essage ex':angeQ s! t:at di;;e(ent inte(p(etati!ns and p(!babe !6t'!3es be'!3e visibe t! t:e p6bi' IDea(ing @ R!ge(sC 1444M 42J. ,t(ategi' ;(a3e ana+sis !;;e(s p!i'+ adv!'ates a
9a+ t! 9!(k s+ste3ati'a+ t:(!6g: t:e ':aenges t:at a(e ike+ t! '!n;(!nt t:e int(!d6'ti!n !; ne9 egisati!n !( s!'ia p!i'iesC t! anti'ipate attit6dina ba((ie(s t! s6pp!(tC and t!
deve!p (esea(':-based st(ategies t! !ve('!3e p6bi' 3is6nde(standing. W:at Is 8!336ni'ati!ns and W:+ D!es It Matte(T #:e d!3ain !; '!336ni'ati!ns :as n!t ':anged 3a(ked+
sin'e 1442 9:en Ha(!d Lass9e ;!(36ated :is ;a3!6s eN6ati!nM 9:! sa+s 9:at t! 9:!3 t:(!6g: 9:at ':anne 9it: 9:at e;;e'tT A6t 9:at 3an+ s!'ia p!i'+
p(a'titi!ne(s :ave !ve(!!ked in their E(ests to 7orm(late e77ecti%e strate,ies 7or social chan,e is that comm(nications merits
their attention 'eca(se it is an inextrica'le part o7 the a,enda?settin, 7(nction in this co(ntr). 8!336ni'ati!ns pa+s a vita
(!e in dete(3ining 9:i': iss6es t:e p6bi' p(i!(itiPes ;!( p!i'+ (es!6ti!nC 9:i': iss6es 9i 3!ve ;(!3 t:e p(ivate (ea3 t! t:e p6bi'C
9:i': iss6es 9i be'!3e p(ess6(e p!ints ;!( p!i'+3ake(sC and 9:i': iss6es 9i 9in !( !se in t:e '!3petiti!n ;!( s'a('e
(es!6('es. N! !(ganiPati!n 'an app(!a': s6': tasks as iss6e adv!'a'+C '!nstit6en'+-b6idingC !( p(!3!ting best p(a'ti'es 9it:!6t taking int! a''!6nt t:e '(iti'a (!e t:at 3ass 3edia
:as t! pa+ in s:aping t:e 9a+ 73e(i'ans t:ink ab!6t s!'ia iss6es. 7s Wiia3 =a3s!n and :is '!eag6es at t:e Media Resea(': and 7'ti!n *(!Fe't ike t! sa+C 3edia is Qan a(ena !;
'!ntest in its !9n (ig:tC and pa(t !; a a(ge( st(ateg+ !; s!'ia ':ange.Q One s!6('e !; !6( '!n;6si!n !ve( '!336ni'ati!ns '!3es in n!t (e'!gniPing t:at
ea': ne9 p6s: ;!( p6bi' 6nde(standing and a''eptan'e :appens against a ba'kd(!p !; !ng-te(3 3edia '!ve(ageC !; pe('epti!ns ;!(3ed !ve(
ti3eC !; s'(ipts 9e :ave ea(ned sin'e ':id:!!d t! :ep 6s 3ake sense !; !6( 9!(dC and ;!k beie;s 9e 6se t! inte(p(et ne9 in;!(3ati!n. 7s 9e g! ab!6t
3aking sense !; !6( 9!(dC 3ass 3edia se(ves an i3p!(tant ;6n'ti!n as t:e 3ediat!( !; 3eaning X teing 6s 9:at t! t:ink ab!6t Iagenda-settingJ and :!9 t!
t:ink ab!6t it I3edia e;;e'tsJ b+ !(ganiPing t:e in;!(3ati!n in s6': a 9a+ I;(a3ingJ t:at it '!3es t! 6s ;6+ '!n;ated 9it:
di(e'tives I'6esJ ab!6t 9:! is (esp!nsibe ;!( t:e s!'ia p(!be3 in t:e ;i(st pa'e and 9:! gets t! ;ix it I(esp!nsibiit+J. It is !;ten t:e 'ase t:at
n!np(!;it !(ganiPati!ns 9ant '!336ni'ati!ns t! be eas+. I(!ni'a+C t:e+ 9ant s!6ndbite ans9e(s t! t:e sa3e s!'ia p(!be3s 9:!se '!3pexit+ t:e+ 6nde(stand a t!! 9e. W:ie p!i'+
(esea(': and ;!(36ati!n a(e given t:ei( d6e as t!6g:C de3anding a(eas !; an !(ganiPati!nSs 9!(kpanC '!336ni'ati!ns is seen as Qs!;t.Q W:ie p(!g(a3 deve!p3ent and p(a'ti'e a(e seen
as (eN6i(ing expe(tise and t:e t:!6g:t;6 '!nside(ati!n !; best p(a'ti'esC '!336ni'ati!ns is an Qan+!ne 'an d! it i; +!6 :ave t!Q task. It is ti3e t! (eti(e t:is t:inking. D!ing
'!336ni'ati!ns st(ategi'a+ (eN6i(es t:e sa3e invest3ent !; intee't and st6d+ t:at t:ese !t:e( a(eas !; n!np(!;it p(a'ti'e :ave been a''!(ded. 7 ,i3pe Expanati!n !; 1(a3e 7na+sis
In :is se3ina b!!k *6bi' Opini!n I1421M1.JC Wate( Lipp3ann 9as pe(:aps t:e ;i(st t! '!nne't 3ass '!336ni'ati!ns t! p6bi' attit6des and p!i'+
p(e;e(en'es b+ (e'!gniPing t:at t:e Qt:e 9a+ in 9:i': t:e 9!(d is i3agined dete(3ines at an+ pa(ti'6a( 3!3ent 9:at 3en 9i d!.Q
#:e 3!de(n extensi!n !; Lipp3annSs !bse(vati!n is based !n t:e '!n'ept !; Q;(a3es.Q *e!pe 6se 3enta s:!(t'6ts t! 3ake sense !; t:e
9!(d. ,in'e 3!st pe!pe a(e !!king t! p(!'ess in'!3ing in;!(3ati!n N6i'k+ and e;;i'ient+C t:e+ (e+ 6p!n '6es 9it:in t:at ne9
in;!(3ati!n t! signa t! t:e3 :!9 t! '!nne't it 9it: t:ei( st!(ed i3ages !; t:e 9!(d. #:e Qpi't6(es in !6( :eadsCQ as Lipp3ann 'aed
t:e3C 3ig:t bette( be t:!6g:t !; as vivid+ abeed st!(age b!xes - ;ied 9it: pi't6(esC i3agesC and st!(ies ;(!3 !6( past en'!6nte(s
9it: t:e 9!(d and abeed +!6t:C 3a((iageC p!ve(t+C ;ai(nessC et'. #:e in'!3ing in;!(3ati!n p(!vides '6es ab!6t 9:i': is t:e (ig:t '!ntaine( ;!( t:at idea !(
-0NTIN*E+ 0N T=E NEQT PA8E N0 #&EA@
/1
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
-0NTIN*E1 /&06 T=E P&E$I0*+ PA8E N0 #&EA@
expe(ien'e. 7nd t:e e;;i'ient t:inke( 3akes t:e '!nne'ti!nC a p(!'ess 'aed QindexingCQ and 3!ves !n. *6t an!t:e( 9a+C :!9 an iss6e is ;(a3ed is a t(igge( t!
t:ese s:a(ed and d6(abe '6t6(a 3!des t:at :ep 6s 3ake sense !; !6( 9!(d. W:en a ;(a3e ignites a '6t6(a 3!deC !( 'as it int!
pa+ in t:e inte(p(etati!nC t:e 9:!e 3!de is !pe(ative. #:is a!9s pe!pe t! (eas!n ab!6t an iss6eC t! 3ake in;e(en'esC t! ;i in t:e
banks ;!( 3issing in;!(3ati!n b+ (e;e((ing t! t:e (!b6stness !; t:e 3!deC n!t t:e sket':+ ;(a3e. As .ippmann o'ser%ed> RWe
de7ine 7irst> and then see.R #:e '!gnitive '6t6(a 3!des t:at a(e spa(ked b+ t:e ;(a3e a!9 6s t! ;!(get 'e(tain in;!(3ati!n and
t! invent !t:e( detaisC be'a6se t:e ;(a3e is n!9 in e;;e't. 1!( exa3peC i; pe!pe beieve t:at kids a(e in t(!6beC t:e+ 9i be
d(a9n t! ;a'ts in a ne9s st!(+ t:at (ein;!('e t:is n!ti!nC and 9i dis(ega(d t:!se t:at den+ it. I; t:e ;a'ts d!nSt ;it t:e ;(a3eC itSs t:e ;a'ts
t:at a(e (eFe'tedC n!t t:e ;(a3e. O(C as !ne ana+st !; kn!9edge p(!'essing p6ts itC Q6nde(standing 3eans ;inding a st!(+ +!6 a(ead+ kn!9 and
sa+ingC SO: +ea:C t:at !neSQ I,':ankC 1442C /1J. #:e ;6n'ti!n !; t:e ;(a3e is t! d(ive 6s t!9a(d t:e '!((e't identi;i'ati!n !; an !d st!(+M
Q1inding s!3e ;a3iia( ee3ent 'a6ses 6s t! a'tivate t:e st!(+ t:at is abeed b+ t:at ;a3iia( ee3entC and 9e 6nde(stand t:e ne9 st!(+ as i; it 9e(e an exe3pa( !; t:at !d ee3entQ
I,':ankC 1442C )4J. W:atSs in a ;(a3eT 7t t:e 1(a3eW!(ks Instit6teC 9eSve deve!ped a s:!(t ist !; ee3ents t+pi'a+ ;!6nd in ne9s seg3ents t:at !;ten signa 3eaningM - 3etap:!(s -
3essenge(s - vis6as - 3essages - st!(ies -n63be(s - '!ntext #!get:e(C t:ese ee3ents :ep pe!pe '!nne't t:e ne9 in;!(3ati!n t! t:e Qst(6't6(e !; expe'tati!nQ in t:ei( :eads. I; t:e
3essenge( in a #< ne9s st!(+ is a tea':e(C ;!( exa3peC t:e vie9e( is ike+ t! ass63e t:at t:is is ab!6t ed6'ati!n !( ab!6t a p(!be3 t:at s:!6d be s!ved b+ s':!!s. I; t:e vis6as s:!9
pe!pe sitting a(!6nd d!ing itteC t:e vie9e( 3a+ de'ide t:is is ab!6t aPinessC (ega(dess !; 9:at t:e na((at!( is sa+ing ab!6t 6ne3p!+3ent statisti's a3!ng (6(a peasants in a 'e(tain
'!6nt(+. 7s 9e app+ t:ese ;indings ;(!3 t:e '!gnitiveC be:avi!(aC and s!'ia s'ien'es t! t:e a(ena !; s!'ia iss6es X ':id(enC p!ve(t+C t:e envi(!n3entC :63an (ig:tsC et'. X 9e see t:e
i3p!(tan'e !; t:e 9a+ (esp!nsibiit+ is i3pi'it+ '!336ni'ated as pa(t !; t:ese ;(a3ing ee3ents. 7s 8:a(!tte R+an :as p!inted !6tC QEve(+ ;(a3e de;ines t:e iss6eC expains 9:! is
(esp!nsibeC and s6ggests p!tentia s!6ti!ns. 7 !; t:ese a(e '!nve+ed b+ i3agesC ste(e!t+pesC !( ane'd!tes.Q IR+an 1441M)4J M!st pe!pe (e+ !n ne9s (ep!(ts t! ea(n ab!6t p6bi'
iss6es. #:e evening ne9s ;(a3es iss6es X 6sing t:ese sa3e ee3ents isted ab!ve X in !(de( t! te a st!(+. ,:ant! I+enga( :as des'(ibed ne9s ;(a3es as being !; t9! t+pesM epis!di' and
t:e3ati'. Epis!di' ne9s ;(a3esC 9:i': '!3p(ise b+ ;a( t:e p(ed!3inant ;(a3e !n teevisi!n ne9s'astsC ;!'6s !n dis'(ete events t:at inv!ve individ6as !'ated at spe'i;i' pa'es and at
spe'i;i' ti3es Ie.g.C nig:t+ '(i3e (ep!(tsJ. A+ '!nt(astC t:e3ati' ;(a3es pa'e p6bi' iss6es in a b(!ade( '!ntext b+ ;!'6sing !n gene(a '!nditi!ns !( !6t'!3es Ie.g.C (ep!(ts !n p!ve(t+
t(ends in t:e 0.,.J. Resea(':e(s :ave s:!9n t:at t:e t+pe !; ne9s ;(a3e 6sed :as a p(!;!6nd e;;e't !n t:e 9a+ in 9:i': individ6as att(ib6te (esp!nsibiit+. I+enga( '!n'6des t:at
Qepis!di' ;(a3ing tends t! ei'it individ6aisti' (at:e( t:an s!'ieta att(ib6ti!ns !; (esp!nsibiit+ 9:ie t:e3ati' ;(a3ing :as t:e !pp!site e;;e't.Q II+enga(C 1441J. A6t t:e(e a(e 3an+
t(aditi!ns !; F!6(nais3 t:at a;;e't t:e 9a+ 9e p(!'ess ne9s (ep!(tsC t:at signa t! 6s n!t !n+ 9:at iss6es 9e s:!6d t:ink ab!6tC b6t as! :!9 9e s:!6d t:ink ab!6t t:e3. #:e 3etap:!(s
':!sen t! des'(ibe t:e iss6e d(ive p6bi' (ea'ti!n and (eas!ning. 1!( exa3peC t:e Q:!(se (a'eQ 3etap:!( appied t! p!iti'a ee'ti!ns :as been s:!9n t! (ed6'e attenti!n t! spe'i;i' iss6es
in ;av!( !; ':a(a'te(C st(ateg+ and p! (es6ts. #:e t9!-sides (6eC in 9:i': !pp!site 3essenge(s a(e ':!sen t! satis;+ F!6(naisti' baan'eC :as been s:!9n t! '(eate t:e n!ti!n t:at p!iti's
a(e divisive and disingen6!6s. #:e ':!i'e !; p6bi' !;;i'ias as sp!kespe(s!ns !n ;!(eign p!i'+ iss6es signas t! t:e p6bi' t:at !(dina(+ pe!pe s:!6d eave t:e dis'6ssi!n t! expe(ts.
#:e 9!(k !; t:e 1(a3eW!(ks Instit6te is t! t(ansate t:e (eevant ite(at6(e !n ea': ee3ent !; t:e ;(a3eC :eping stake:!de( g(!6ps 6nde(stand 9:at !(dina(+ 73e(i'ans a(e ike+ t! take
a9a+ 9:en a s!'ia p(!be3 is des'(ibed in a 'e(tain 9a+. 7ndC 9:ie !6( (e'!33endati!ns a(e ai3ed ;i(st and ;!(e3!st t! t:e 3edi63 !; ne9sC t:e '!336ni'ati!ns (esea(': 9e (evie9
and expain is as! pe(tinent t! p6bi' dis'!6(se in gene(a - p(esentati!ns t! 'ivi' g(!6psC 9(itten '!336niN6es ;(!3 ann6a (ep!(ts t! di(e't 3aiC and p6bi' state3ents !; a kinds. In
s63C 9e d! n!t need t! be s6bFe'ted t! a ;(eePe ;(a3e !; Q(atsQ t! be 6nd6+ in;6en'ed b+ t:e p(esentati!n !; s6bi3ina in;!(3ati!n. It is :appening eve(+ da+C a da+
!ngC as 9e seek t! p(!'ess t:e ne9s t:at is p(esented t! 6s. W:ie t:!se ;(a3es 3a+ n!t be intenti!naC t:e+ a(e n! ess e;;e'tive in
teing 6s :!9 t! t:ink ab!6t t:e g(eat iss6es !; !6( da+. #:e e;;e'tive adv!'ate 36st in'!(p!(ate t:is 9a+ !; t:inking and seeing
int! :is !( :e( '!336ni'ati!ns 9it: '!nstit6en'iesC p!i'+3ake(sC and 3edia. It is t! t:is end t:at 9e :ave atte3pted t! ite3iPe t:e ee3ents !; a ;(a3eC t!
expain t:e !pti!ns adv!'ates :ave in ;(a3ing t:ei( iss6es ;!( t:e p6bi'C and t! app+ t:ese p(in'ipes t! a 9ide a((a+ !; (esea(': '!nd6'ted !n spe'i;i' s!'ia iss6es. In t:is senseC t:e
1(a3eW!(ks (esea(': is an 6n6s6a 3a((iage !; t:e!(+ and p(a'ti'eC t(ansating t:e 9!(k !; s':!a(s and de3!nst(ating its p(a'ti'a appi'ati!n t! t:e N6esti!ns t:at p!i'+ adv!'ates 36st
ask and ans9e(.
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Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Tri'al Names #etter
Pre7erred to 'e called ') their tri'al name
=irsch7elder> 1""!> N!n;i'ti!n W(ite(
G7(ene Hi(s':;ede(C %Native He(itage&C =!!geA!!ks H
7nd ;ina+C a p!int ab!6t te(3in!!g+M #:e(e is p(!bab+ n! b!!k ab!6t Indian pe!pe p6bis:ed in t:e ast ;e9 +ea(s t:at :as n!t at
s!3e p!int in its 3aking debated 9:at te(3 t! 6se 9:en (e;e((ing t! t:e ;i(st pe!pes 9:! ived in 9:at is n!9 'aed N!(t:
73e(i'a. #:is ant:!!g+ is n! di;;e(ent. 7t:!6g: t:e te(3 QNative 73e(i'anQ is n!9 p!p6a( 9it: s!3e Indians and n!n-IndiansC (eade(s a(e 3istaken in beieving t:at
it is t:e '!((e't te(3 t! 6se. #i3 =iag!C p6bis:e( !; t:e Rapid 8it+C ,!6t: Dak!ta-based indian '!6nt(+ t!da+C and i3p!(tant Indian adv!'a'+ ne9spape(C states :is pape(Ss
p!siti!n in :is De'e3be( 4C 1441. QN!tes ;(!3 Indian 8!6nt(+Q edit!(iaM QWe 6se S73e(i'an IndianCS SIndianCS !; SNative 73e(i'anCS b6t 9e
p(e;e( t! 6se t:e individ6a t(iba a;;iiati!n 9:en p!ssibe.Q IndeedC ;!!9ing t:is edit!(iaC Indian 8!6nt(+ #!da+ (e'eived 3an+ p:!ne 'as and ette(s p!inting
!6t t:at an+!ne b!(n in t:e 73e(i'as 'an (e;e( t! t:e3seves as Native 73e(i'an. #:e te(3 QNative 73e(i'anQ is 6sed 3!st '!33!n+ in t:e 0nited ,tatesC expe'ia+ in b!!kst!(es and
b+ p6bis:e(s. A6t keep in 3ind t:at b!t: '!e'tive te(3sC Native 73e(i'an and 73e(i'an IndianC beg t:e iss6e. #:e+ ea': (e;e( t!
:6nd(eds !; di;;e(ent '6t6(es 9:! p(e;e( t! be 'aed b+ t:ei( t(iba na3es !ve( t:e 'ent6(iesC speings !; t:e na3es !; Native 73e(i'an nati!ns :ave
va(ied '!nside(ab+ and sti d!. #:e Aa'k;eed in t:e 0nited ,tates p(e;e( t:is speing t! Aa'k;!!tC 3!(e p!p6a( in 8anada.
/"
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
American Indian #etter
American Indian pre7erred
6eans 1"";> ;a3!6s Native Indian (ig:ts adv!'ate
GR6sse MeansC %I 7M 7N 7MERI87N INDI7NC NO# 7 N7#I<E 7MERI87Nc&C W:ttpM//999.peaknet.net/_aa(dva(k/3eans.:t3UH
I ab:!( t:e te(3 Native 73e(i'an. It is a gene(i' g!ve(n3ent te(3 6sed t! des'(ibe a t:e indigen!6s p(is!ne(s !; t:e 0nited ,tates.
#:ese a(e t:e 73e(i'an ,a3!ansC t:e Mi'(!nesiansC t:e 7e6tesC t:e !(igina Ha9aiians and t:e e((!ne!6s+ te(3ed Eski3!sC 9:! a(e a't6a+ 0piks and In6piats. 7ndC !; '!6(seC t:e
73e(i'an Indian.
I p(e;e( t:e te(3 73e(i'an Indian be'a6se I kn!9 its !(igins. #:e 9!(d Indian is an Engis: basta(diPati!n !; t9! ,panis: 9!(dsC
En Di!C 9:i': '!((e't+ t(ansated 3eans in 9it: =!d. 7s an added distin'ti!n t:e 73e(i'an Indian is t:e !n+ et:ni' g(!6p in t:e
0nited ,tates 9it: t:e 73e(i'an be;!(e !6( et:ni'it+.
7t an inte(nati!na '!n;e(en'e !; Indians ;(!3 t:e 73e(i'as :ed in =enevaC ,9itPe(and at t:e 0nited Nati!ns in 14// 9e 6nani3!6s+ de'ided
9e 9!6d g! 6nde( t:e te(3 73e(i'an Indian. We 9e(e ensaved as 73e(i'an IndiansC 9e 9e(e '!!niPed as 73e(i'an Indians
and 9e 9i gain !6( ;(eed!3 as 73e(i'an Indians and t:en 9e 9i 'a !6(seves an+ da3n t:ing 9e ':!!se.
1ina+C I 9i n!t a!9 a g!ve(n3entC an+ g!ve(n3entC t! de;ine 9:! I a3. Aesides an+!ne b!(n in t:e Weste(n :e3isp:e(e is a Native 73e(i'an.
/4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
Nati%e American 'etter
Nati%e American lea%es less con7(sion? and a clean conscio(s
#err)> B(l) 1A> 222"> !9ne( !; a t:ings 8:e(!kee @ t(iba 'itiPen
G8:(istina Ae((+C %W:atSs in a Na3eT Indians and *!iti'a 8!((e'tness &C 7 t:ings 8:e(!keeC
Whttp://www.allthingscherokee.com/articles_culture_events_070101.htmlU H
,! 9:at is itT IndianT 73e(i'an IndianT Native 73e(i'anT 1i(st 73e(i'ansT 1i(st *e!peT We a :ea( di;;e(ent te(3s b6t n! !ne 'an see3
t! ag(ee !n 9:at t! 'a 6s. In t:is a(ti'e I 9i exp!(e s!3e !; t:e (eas!ns be:ind t:ese va(iati!ns !n Indian identit+.
I (e'a t:at d6(ing 3+ ;(es:3an +ea( !; '!ege at t:e 0nive(sit+ !; Bent6'k+ in t:e 3id-45s t:e ad3inist(ati!n ena'ted a ang6age '!de. #:is '!de 9as t! be 6sed b+ t:e st6dents as a
9a+ t! '!336ni'ate in and !6t !; t:e 'ass(!!3. #:e '!de 9as intended t! :ep insti sensitivit+ in t:e st6dent b!d+ and en'!6(age t:e3 t! (e;e( t! et:ni' and s!'ia g(!6ps in a
p!iti'a+ '!((e't 3anne(. I 9(!te a pape( ab!6t t:is ang6age '!de ;!( !ne !; 3+ 'asses and I t:ink t:e te(3 Qt:!6g:t p!i'eQ 9as 6sed. I 9as neve( a big ;an !; p!iti'a '!((e'tness.
W:ie t:e intenti!n is g!!d Igiving pe!pe a ne6t(aC n!n-:!stieC set !; 9!(ds and p:(ases t! 6se 9:en (e;e((ing t! g(!6ps !; pe!peJ I t:ink it instead '(eates '!n;6si!n and ;(6st(ati!n
9:i': in t6(n in'(eases :!stiit+.
H!9 3an+ ti3es :ave +!6 :ea(d s!3e!ne sa+ QIndianQ and t:en '!((e't t:e3seves in a :!stie t!neC QO: (ig:tC n!9 t:e+ 9ant 6s t! 'a t:e3 Native 73e(i'ans.Q W!6d it s6(p(ise +!6
t! kn!9 t:at 3!st !; t:e Indians t:at I kn!9 d! n!t ike t:e te(3 Native 73e(i'anT ,! 9:! '!3es 6p 9it: t:ese te(3s and 9:+T
7s t:e st!(+ g!esC 9:en 8:(ist!p:e( 8!63b6s anded !n an isand in t:e 8a(ibbean :e t:!6g:t :e 9as in India. ,! nat6(a+ :e
(e;e((ed t! t:e Natives :e 3et as Indians. 0n;!(t6nate+ ;!( t:!se Natives :e 9as n!t in India. H!9eve(C t:e na3e Indian :as sin'e
st6'k. Man+ pe!pe '!nside(ed t:is p(!be3ati' and 9anted an ate(native. 7;te( aC 8!63b6s abeed t:e Natives as Indians based !n an in'!((e't
ass63pti!n. 7s!C t:e te(3 'an '(eate '!n;6si!n be'a6se it 3a+ be di;;i'6t in '!nve(sati!n t! di;;e(entiate bet9een t:e Indians !;
73e(i'a and t:e Indians !; India. #:e te(3 73e(i'an Indian be'a3e p!p6a( be'a6se it :eped 9it: t:is '!n;6si!n. H!9eve(C t! s!3e
t:is 9as sti n!t an idea te(3. It '!ntin6ed t! 6se QIndianQ 9:i': :ad been a s!3e9:at de(!gat!(+ te(3 t:(!6g:!6t 0, :ist!(+. In t:e ate 25t:
'ent6(+C as p!iti'a '!((e'tness 'a3e t! t:e ;!(e;(!ntC 3an+ !; t:ese !ng standing et:ni' te(3s 9e(e aband!ned ;!( ne9 ne6t(a te(3s !( p:(ases 9:i': 9!6d 'ean t:e sate. A+ 6sing
ne9 te(3s 73e(i'ans :!ped t! 3!ve a9a+ ;(!3 !6( :ist!(+ !; (a'ia tensi!ns and deve!p a 3!(e :a(3!ni!6s s!'iet+ 9:e(e !6( ne9 abes '!6d 'ea(+ de;ine 9:! 9e 9e(e and as! n!t
!pen !d 9!6nds 9it: !d te(3s. #:6sC QNative 73e(i'anQ 9as b!(n.
#:e(e isC :!9eve(C a ve(+ !bvi!6s p(!be3 9it: t:is te(3. 7n+ pe(s!n b!(n in Q73e(i'aQ is a native 73e(i'an. R6s: Li3ba6g: and !t:e( sta6n': '!nse(vatives 9e(e N6i'k t! p!int t:is
!6t. #:!6g: t:e intenti!ns 9e(e g!!dC t:e te(3 Native 73e(i'an see3ed t! 'a6se 3!(e p(!be3s t:an it ;ixed. It '(eated in 3ainst(ea3 73e(i'ans a ;ea( t:at t:e+ 9!6d !!k insensitive
i; t:e+ a''ident+ 6sed t:e 9(!ng te(3 and it 3ade 3an+ 73e(i'ans (esent;6 !; Indians ;!( being t!! sensitive.
I(!ni'a+C IndiansC !( 73e(i'an Indians I9:i':eve( +!6 p(e;e(JC did n!t see3 inte(ested in ':anging t:ei( na3e. 7IMC t:e 73e(i'an Indian M!ve3entC did n!t begin 'aing itse; N7M.
#:e 73e(i'an Indian 8!ege 16nd did n!t ':ange its na3e. Man+ Indians '!ntin6e t! 'a t:e3seves Indian !( 73e(i'an Indian (ega(dess !; 9:at t:e (est !; 73e(i'a and t:e 9!(d
'as t:e3. W:+T
#:e (eas!ns a(e dive(se and pe(s!naC b6t t:e(e a(e t9! p!p6a( (eas!ns. #:e ;i(st (eas!n is :abit. Man+ Indians :ave been Indians
a t:ei( ives. #:e Native pe!pe !; t:is '!ntinent :ave been 'aed Indian t:(!6g:!6t a !; p!st-8!63bian :ist!(+. W:+ ':ange n!9T #:e se'!nd (eas!n is ;a( 3!(e p!iti'a.
W:ie t:e ne9 p!iti'a+ '!((e't te(3s 9e(e intended t! :ep et:ni' g(!6ps b+ giving t:e3 a na3e t:at did n!t 'a((+ t:e e3!ti!na
baggage !; 73e(i'an :ist!(+C it as! enabed 73e(i'a t! ease its '!ns'ien'e. #:e te(3 Native 73e(i'an is s! (e'ent t:at it d!es
n!t :ave a t:e negative :ist!(+ atta':ed. Native 73e(i'ans did n!t s6;;e( t:(!6g: '!6ntess t(ais !; tea(sC diseaseC 9a(sC and '6t6(a anni:iati!n -- Indians did. #:e
Native pe!pe t!da+ a(e Native 73e(i'ans n!t IndiansC t:e(e;!(e 9e d! n!t need t! ;ee g6it+ ;!( t:e :!((!(s !; t:e past. Man+ Indians ;ee t:at t:is is 9:at t:e te(3 Native 73e(i'an
essentia+ d!es -- it 9:ite-9as:es :ist!(+. It 'eans t:e sate.
/)
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
A77 po%ert) =i,h
Indian reser%ations losin, income incredi'l) poor
0.,. 8ens6s data tes a 36': 3!(e '!3pete st!(+. In'!3es !n (ese(vati!ns a;te( adF6sting ;!( in;ati!n a't6a+ de'ined d6(ing
t:e de'ade !; t:e 1425s 9:en ne9spape(s ike #:e Det(!it 1(ee *(ess sta(ted t! pa+ 9idesp(ead attenti!n t! ga3ing g(!9t: I;!( a
ti3e in t:e ate( 25s t:(!6g: t:e 45sC t:e pape(Es 3!st s6bstantia '!ve(age !; Indian iss6es 9e(e a(ge+ (eegated t! a 'asin!
se'ti!nJ.
7ve(age Indian :!6se:!d in'!3es g(e9 !ve( t:e 1445s $ and :6ge nati!na p6bi'ati!nsC ike #IMEC F63ped !n t:at in;!(3ati!n $ b6t b+ t:e end !; t:e de'ade t:e
ave(age !n-(ese(vati!n Indian 'itiPen sti :ad pe( 'apita in'!3e !; ess t:an R2C555C '!3pa(ed t! 3!(e t:an R21C)55 ;!( t:e
ave(age 0.,. (esident. On-(ese(vati!n Native 73e(i'an (esidents (e3ainedC !n ave(ageC t:e e'!n!3i'a+ p!!(est identi;iabe
g(!6p in 73e(i'a.
#:e atest 8ens6s n63be(sC ;(!3 2555C (ep!(ted t:at "4 pe('ent !; !n-(ese(vati!n 73e(i'an Indians 9e(e iving be!9 t:e po%ert) ineX:ig:e( t:an an+ !t:e( g(!6p and ;!6( ti3es t:e
(ate ;!( t:e ave(age 73e(i'an. 0ne3p!+3ent a3!ng ga3ing t(ibes st!!d at 21 pe('ent in 2555 and at 2" pe('ent ;!( n!n-ga3ing t(ibes.
#:e 6ne3p!+3ent (ate ;!( t:e 0.,. p!p6ati!n as a 9:!e 9as (e'!(ded at . pe('ent.
/.
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
A77 6ilitar) 1A No .in9
No lin9?Nati%e Americans Goin the militar) 7or c(lt(ral reasons
Yet t:e '6t6(a 3!tivati!ns ;!( 3iita(+ se(vi'e (6n deep a3!ng native 73e(i'ansC t!! $ and set t:e3 apa(t ;(!3 3an+ !t:e( 3in!(it+ g(!6ps. 7 sense
!; t(iba d6t+ is !;ten a p(i3a(+ 3!tivat!(.
QIn a t(iba s!'iet+C s!'ia stat6s and app(!va a(e i3p!(tantCQ sa+s M(. ,t. *ie((e. QI; a 3anSs n!t a vete(anC :eSs g!ing t! be ess. ItSs
ing(ained in t:e '6t6(e.Q
He and !t:e(s tak ab!6t t:e Q9a((i!( '6t6(eQ t:at is s! pe(vasive a3!ng native 73e(i'ans. A6t t:is et:!s isnSt ab!6t bind vi!en'e. ,t. *ie((e n!tes t:at native
73e(i'an t(ibes :ave a :ist!(+ !; Qt6(; 9a(sQ $ t:!se ;!6g:t !ve( andC :6nting (ig:tsC t(ade (!6tesC and 9ate( a''ess. Q1!( t:e 3!st pa(tCQ :e sa+sC Q73e(i'an Indians did n!t ;ig:t 9a(s !;
anni:iati!n.Q
NeP sa+s t:e 3entait+ !; ;ig:ting is Qin !6( b!!d. ItSs nat6(a t! ;ig:t ;!( t:e 'a6se +!6 beieve in.Q A6t 9:en :e speaks ab!6t
3aniness and st(engt:C :e as! ists sa'(i;i'e and 6nse;is:ness as ;6nda3enta 9a((i!( t(aits.
A.T -A*+E c(lt(re determines
.)nn D /arnell> 2I pro7 o7 anthropolo,) M * o7 Illinois D .)nn is a ,rad(ate o7 the *ni%ersit) o7 Illinois
Man+ Native 73e(i'ans a(e as! in t:e 0nited ,tates Miita(+ ;!( '6t6(a (eas!ns. ,eve(a Native '6t6(es s:a(e t:e sa3e :ig:
ideas and va6es as t:e ;!6nde(s !; t:e 0, g!ve(n3ent. In ;a'tC t:e 8!nstit6ti!n !; t:e 0nited ,tates b!((!9s :eavi+ ;(!3 t:e
I(!N6!is 8!nstit6ti!n ILa9 Lib(a(+ !; 8!ng(ess 255"J. D6(ing W!(d Wa( IIC ;!( exa3peC 73e(i'an Indians F!ined t:e 0, a(3+ be'a6se t:e+
9e(e s+3pat:eti' t! t:e pig:t !; t:e Le9s be'a6se 3ass gen!'ide is an evi t:ing a''!(ding t! t:ei( '6t6(e. 7s 1(ank Hen(+C a 8:!'t!9
IndianC p6t itM %Indian pe!pe ;!6g:t ;!( t:is '!6nt(+ and 9e :ad a g!!d (eas!nXbe'a6se t:is is !6( '!6nt(+& IWiia3sJ. Native 73e(i'ans s6': as
1(ank Hen(+ kn!9 t:atXdisag(ee 9it: t:e g!ve(n3ent !( n!tXt:e ;ate !; t:ei( t(ibe is inked t! t:e ;ate !; t:e 0nited ,tates as a 9:!e. #:6sC t:e+
;ig:t in t:e 0nited ,tates 3iita(+ t! p(ese(ve t:ei( !9n '6t6(e and 9a+ !; i;e. ,e(ving in t:e 3iita(+ as! pe(pet6ates t:e aspe'ts !; Native '6t6(e
deaing 9it: 9a(;a(e. ,eve(a Native t(ibesC s6': as t:e 8(!9sC p(a'ti'ed %'!6nting '!6pC& 9:i': 3eans d!ing ;!6( t+pes !; b(ave a'tsC t! p(!ve
t:at a 3an 9as !; :ig: standing. 8(!9 Indian L!sep: Medi'ine 8(!9C ;!( exa3peC 9as given t:e ':an'e t! '!6nt '!6p d6(ing W!(d Wa( II 9it: an a't t:at 9!6d :ave
been iega :ad :e n!t been ;ig:ting in 9a( INab!k!v 1441M ""2J. 0p!n :is (et6(n :!3eC :is kin t!!k :is '!6nting '!6p ve(+ se(i!6s+ and de'a(ed :i3 a ':ie;. ,eve(a t(ibes
t(aditi!na+ :!n!( 9a((i!(s at t:ei( p!99!9s. W:e(e t:e+ !n'e :!n!(ed vete(ans !; t:ei( !9n ;!('esC t:e+ n!9 :!n!( Native vete(ans !; t:e 0nited ,tates 3iita(+ IHi(s':;ede( 2555M
1))J. A+ a!9ing t:ei( de;initi!n !; a 9a((i!( t! in'6de 3e3be(s !; t:e 0, 3iita(+C 73e(i'an Indians 9e(e abe t! p(ese(ve t:ei(
t(aditi!ns :!n!(ing 9a((i!(s. 7s a '!nseN6en'eC 3!(e Native +!6ng 3en v!6ntee(ed ;!( t:e 0, 3iita(+ s! as t! a':ieve :!n!(s
(e'!gniPed b+ t:ei( t(ibes. #:6sC 3an+ Native 73e(i'ans F!ined t:e 3iita(+ ;!( '6t6(a (eas!ns. 7s I :ave s:!9nC 73e(i'an Indians :ad g!!d (eas!ns ;!( F!ining t:e 0,
3iita(+M t:e+ :!ped it 9!6d gain t:ei( pe!pe '!6t in p!iti'sO t:e+ 6sed it t! i3p(!ve t:ei( e'!n!3i' sit6ati!nO and t:e+ 6sed it t! pe(pet6ate t:ei( '6t6(e. Native 73e(i'ans d!nEt ;ig:t
in t:e 0nited ,tates 7(3+ t! s6pp!(t a g!ve(n3ent t:at :as taken t:ei( and and t(ied t! 9ipe !6t t:ei( '6t6(eO t:e+ ;ig:t be'a6se it is bene;i'ia t! t:e3 t! d! s!.
//
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
A77 Politics .in9 N/*
the lin9 is non?(niE(e o'ama p(shin, 7or ,reater 7ederal role in Indian co(ntr)
Toensin, ;?13?2" +ta77 Writer M Indian -o(ntr) Toda)
G=ae 8!6(e+ #!ensingC %DEated and ex'itedE #ee:ee na3ed Oba3aEs seni!( advis!( !n Indian a;;ai(s&. Indian 8!6nt(+ #!da+.
:ttpM//999.indian'!6nt(+t!da+.'!3/p!iti's/422)525/.:t3H
7!ng 9it: t:e ann!6n'e3ent !; #ee:eeEs app!int3entC Oba3a as! said t:e W:ite H!6se 9!6d :!d a #(iba Nati!ns 8!n;e(en'e in t:e ;a $ t:e ;6;i3ent !; an!t:e( p(!3ise :e 3ade
!n t:e 'a3paign t(ai.
%*(esident Oba3a is '!33itted t! st(engt:ening and b6iding !n t:e nati!n-t!-nati!n (eati!ns:ip bet9een t:e 0nited ,tates and
t(iba nati!nsC& #ee:ee said. #:e ;a '!n;e(en'e 9i give %t(iba eade(s an !pp!(t6nit+ t! assist t:e p(esident in deve!ping an
agenda ;!( Indian '!6nt(+.&
7 3e3be( !; t:e 8:e(!kee Nati!nC s:e :as a st6(d+ (es63e !; expe(ien'e as an adv!'ate ;!( Indian '!6nt(+ d6(ing :e( st6dent +ea(s and in :e( 9!(k in Was:ingt!n.
,:e (e'eived a Aa':e!( !; 7(ts in p!iti'a s'ien'e ;(!3 N!(t:easte(n ,tate 0nive(sit+ in #a:eN6a:C Oka.C and a L6(is D!'t!( ;(!3 t:e 0nive(sit+ !; I!9a $ 8!ege !; La9. W:ie in
a9 s':!!C #ee:ee 9as :!n!(ed 9it: t:e A6(ea6 !; Nati!na 7;;ai(s 79a(d and se(ved in eade(s:ip p!siti!ns in t:e Nati!na Native 73e(i'an La9 ,t6dent 7ss!'iati!n and t:e I!9a
Native 73e(i'an La9 ,t6dent 7ss!'iati!n.
#ee:ee 9!(ked ;!( t:e De3!'(ati' Nati!na 8!33ittee as dep6t+ di(e't!( !; Native 73e(i'an O6t(ea': ;!( t:e '!33itteeEs ;i(st Indian desk. ,:e as! :as :ed va(i!6s p!siti!ns 9it: t:e
8:e(!kee Nati!n !; Oka:!3aC in'6ding a9 'e(k in t:e Divisi!n !; La9 and L6sti'e. ,:e se(ved as di(e't!( !; Native 73e(i'an !6t(ea': ;!( t:e *(esidentia Ina6g6(a 8!33ittee ;!(
*(esident 8int!nEs se'!nd ina6g6(ati!n.
,in'e Lan6a(+ 1442C #ee:ee :as been seni!( advise( t! 8!ng(ess3an Dae BideeC D-Mi':.C '!-':ai( !; t:e H!6se !; Rep(esentativesE Native 73e(i'an 8a6'6s.
%*(esident Oba3a :as 3ade an ex'eent ':!i'e in Bi3 #ee:ee. I :ave 9!(ked 9it: Bi3 ;!( !ve( a de'adeC and I :ave a9a+s ;!6nd :e( t! be a t:!6g:t;6C dedi'ated and passi!nate
adv!'ate ;!( !6( Native 73e(i'an p!p6ati!nC& Bidee said. %#:e p(esident :as 3ade it 'ea( t:at :e is '!33itted t! st(engt:ening t:e (eati!ns:ip
bet9een t:e 0nited ,tates and t(iba nati!ns and I a3 '!n;ident t:at Bi3 9i be inst(63enta in a':ieving t:at g!a. I '!ng(at6ate Bi3
!n t:is ex'iting !pp!(t6nit+ and I '!33end t:e p(esident !n :is ':!i'e.&
Nati!na Indian =a3ing 7ss!'iati!n 8:ai(3an E(nie ,tevens L(. as! :ad :ig: p(aise ;!( :e(.
%Bi3be(+ is t:e (ig:t ':!i'e. ,:e :as :e( ;eet ;6+ panted in Indian '!6nt(+ and kn!9s t:e '(iti'a d!3esti' iss6es !6( Indian pe!pe ;a'e
t!da+. I a3 '!n;ident s:e 9i (ep(esent t:e best inte(ests !; a !; Indian '!6nt(+ in t:e W:ite H!6se.&
The .in9 is non?(niE(e 0'ama 7oc(sin, on Indian -o(ntr) now
Toensin, ;?13?2" +ta77 Writer M Indian -o(ntr) Toda)
G=ae 8!6(e+ #!ensingC %DEated and ex'itedE #ee:ee na3ed Oba3aEs seni!( advis!( !n Indian a;;ai(s&. Indian 8!6nt(+ #!da+.
:ttpM//999.indian'!6nt(+t!da+.'!3/p!iti's/422)525/.:t3H
#ee:eeEs app!int3ent '!3es at a ti3e 9:en t:e Oba3a ad3inist(ati!n is a6n':ing a ne9 initiative t! i3p(!ve a9 en;!('e3ent e;;!(ts in Indian
'!6nt(+.
7ss!'iate 7tt!(ne+ =ene(a #!3 *e((ei ann!6n'ed t:e pan in :is add(ess t! t:e 3!(e t:an )55 attendees at t:e N87I '!n;e(en'e and in a p(ess (eease !n t:e L6sti'e Depa(t3ent Web
site.
Late( t:is +ea(C 7tt!(ne+ =ene(a E(i' H!de( 9i '!nvene a #(iba Nati!ns Listening 8!n;e(en'e t! '!n;e( 9it: t(iba eade(s !n
:!9 t! add(ess t:e ':(!ni' p(!be3s !; p6bi' sa;et+ in Indian '!6nt(+ and !t:e( i3p!(tant iss6es a;;e'ting t(iba '!336nitiesC
*e((ei said.
7 se(ies !; (egi!na s633its t! seek t(iba (ep(esentativesE inp6t in setting t:e agenda 9i be :ed be;!(e t:e '!n;e(en'e.
73!ng t:e iss6es t! be dis'6ssed a(e a9 en;!('e3ent p!i'+ and pe(s!nneO '!336ni'ati!ns and '!ns6tati!nO g(ants and
te':ni'a assistan'eO detenti!n ;a'iitiesO ;ede(a p(!se'6ti!n in Indian '!6nt(+O t(iba '!6(t deve!p3entO d!3esti' vi!en'eO d(6g
'!6(ts and s6bstan'e ab6seO ;ede(a itigati!n inv!ving t(ibesO and 'ivi (ig:ts. N! !'ati!ns !( dates :ave been ann!6n'ed.
/2
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
A77 .in9 N/*
8o%ernment ,i%in, mone) to Indian -o(ntr) now
-apriccioso ;?2;?2" +ta77 Writer M Indian -o(ntr) Toda)
GR!b 8ap(i''i!s!C %M!(e sti366s ;6nds designated t!9a(d Indian :!6sing&C Indian 8!6nt(+ #!da+.
:ttpM//999.indian'!6nt(+t!da+.'!3/p!iti's/441/2.)2.:t3H
W7,HIN=#ONC D.8. - 0.,. Depa(t3ent !; H!6sing and 0(ban Deve!p3ent ,e'(eta(+ ,:a6n D!n!van (e'ent+ ann!6n'ed an!t:e(
R2)2 3ii!n in Re'!ve(+ 7't ;6nds t! i3p(!ve :!6sing and sp6( e'!n!3i' deve!p3ent in Indian '!6nt(+.
#:e g(ants a(e intended t! p(!3!te g(eate( ene(g+ e;;i'ien'+C 3!d (e3ediati!n and ene(g+ '!nse(vati!n (et(!;it invest3entsC agen'+ !;;i'ias said.
1!!9ing a (e'ent t!6( !; t(iba :!3es in M!ntanaC D!n!van said t:e sti366s ;6nds 9i :ep Indian '!336nities '(eate F!bs 9:ie i3p(!ving t:e
N6ait+ !; t:ei( :!6singC b6iding '!336nities and p(!3!ting ene(g+ e;;i'ien'+.
%I; 9eE(e se(i!6s ab!6t (einvesting in p(!g(a3s t! i3p(!ve :!6sing '!nditi!ns ;!( a 73e(i'ansC 9e 36st 3ake a se(i!6s
invest3ent ;!( !6( ;i(st 73e(i'ansC& D!n!van said a;te( a 3eeting 9it: t(iba eade(s.
%#:e Re'!ve(+ 7't !;;e(s g(ants t:at 9i signi;i'ant+ i3p(!ve :!6sing '!nditi!ns and (ed6'e !ve('(!9ding and !t:e( s6bstanda(d '!nditi!ns t:at 3an+ Native 73e(i'ans end6(e.&
H0D p(evi!6s+ a!'ated R2)) 3ii!n in sti366s ;6nding t! nea(+ .55 eigibe t(ibes and t(iba :!6sing entities. #:at ;6nding is a(ead+ being 6sedC agen'+ !;;i'ias said.
#:e t!ta sti366s invest3ent ;!( :!6sing and '!336nit+ deve!p3ent in Indian '!6nt(+ is nea(+ R)15 3ii!nC 9:i': in'6des t:e ;!(36a and '!3petitive a9a(ds and ;6nding ;!(
ad3inist(ative a'tivities.
#:e 0.,. Depa(t3ent !; Heat: and H63an ,e(vi'es :as ann!6n'ed t:at IH, 9i (eease R)55 3ii!n a!'ated ;!( i3p(!ve3ents
in Indian :eat: as pa(t !; t:e sti366s a't.
%#:ese Re'!ve(+ 7't ;6nds 9i p(!vide '(iti'a assistan'e t! 73e(i'an Indian and 7aska Native '!336nitiesC& said ne9+-app!inted IH, Di(e't!( Yvette R!6bidea6xC a 3e3be( !; t:e
R!seb6d ,i!6x #(ibe. %#:ese ;6nds 9i :ep i3p(!ve :eat: 'a(eC '(eate F!bs and 3ake !6( Native '!336nities st(!nge(.&
/4
Natives Neg EMORY
ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab
A77 A2 Name @riti9s
No consens(s on what to call the nati%e peoples
@oerner> 222A> contri'(tin, editor at Wired and a col(mnist 7or Gizmodo
GA(endan I. B!e(ne(C %73e(i'an Indian vs. Native 73e(i'an&C ,ateC <http://www.peaknet.net/~aardvark/means.htmlH
In a W:ite H!6se 'e(e3!n+ #:6(sda+ 3!(ningC *(esident A6s: 3a(ked t:e !pening !; t:e ,3it:s!nianSs Nati!na M6se63 !; t:e
73e(i'an Indian. W:+ d!es t:e ne9 36se63Ss na3e e3p!+ t:e te(3 Q73e(i'an IndianCQ (at:e( t:an QNative 73e(i'anQT
#:!6g: t:e(eSs a d(+ b6(ea6'(ati' (eas!n ;!( t:e na3e ':!i'eC neit:e( te(3 is 6nive(sa+ '!nside(ed 3!(e app(!p(iate t:an t:e !t:e(. #:e na3e 9as a't6a+ ':!sen b+
8!ng(essC 9:i': passed egisati!n t! '(eate t:e 36se63 ba'k in 1424. #:at bi spe'i;i'a+ (e;e((ed t! t:e instit6ti!n as t:e
Nati!na M6se63 !; t:e 73e(i'an IndianC s! '6((ent !;;i'ias :ad Pe(! inp6t !n t:e na3e. 8!ng(ess ':!se Q73e(i'an IndianQ si3p+ be'a6se
t:atSs 9:at b!t: t:e 8ens6s and t:e A6(ea6 !; Indian 7;;ai(s :ave 6sed ;!( +ea(s.
Despite t:e 9ave !; p!iti'a '!((e'tness in t:e 1445sC d6(ing 9:i': QNative 73e(i'anQ 9as !;ten t(63peted as a 3!(e sensitive
p:(aseC 73e(i'an Indians (e3ain spit !n 9:i': te(3 is p(e;e(abe. 7 144) Depa(t3ent !; Lab!( s6(ve+ ;!6nd t:at '!se t! )5
pe('ent !; 73e(i'an Indians 9e(e pe(;e't+ :app+ 9it: t:at abeC 9:ie "/ pe('ent p(e;e((ed t! be kn!9n as Native 73e(i'ans.
#:!se 9:! p(e;e( t:e ;!(3e( !;ten d! s! be'a6se QNative 73e(i'anQ s!6nds ike a p:(ase '!n'!'ted b+ g!ve(n3ent (eg6at!(sXn!teC ;!( exa3peC t:at !ne !; t:e '!336nit+Ss 3!st
(adi'a 'ivi (ig:ts g(!6ps is t:e 73e(i'an Indian M!ve3ent. #:!se 9:! p(e;e( Native 73e(i'anC !n t:e !t:e( :andC !;ten t:ink t:at QIndianQ '!nF6(es 6p t!! 3an+ vi'i!6s ste(e!t+pes
;(!3 Weste(n se(ias.
25

Index 1/2: Natives Neg Emory ENDI 4-Week HLM Lab

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