Transcribed by Sofiya Khazanovich June 30, 2014

General Pathology Lecture 1 Course Intro by Dr. Phelan

Slide 1 General Pathology 2014
Phelan Welcome to General Pathology and welcome to your second year. The syllabus for this course
will be up; I could not get it up before today because the template wasnt available until today because
the other courses hadnt ended until Friday or something like that. But the schedule was up and each
one of our faculty members revises the PowerPoints each year, so we get them up as soon as we
possibly can, but you usually find out that theyre getting up relatively close to the lecture time. Im
going to spend a little bit of time on some of the information about the course and then most of your
lecture will be from Dr. Kinnally, that many of you I hope remember from last year and then well give
you a little bit of introduction to the course and then move on from there.

Slide 2 - Pathology
Phelan As we think about pathology, and the word means the study of suffering or something like that,
but were looking at two or three basic components of pathology or ways we study pathology at this
school. One of them is this course, and its General Pathology, and we really go into basics here. Basic
reactions of cells, of tissues, and how they work in relationship to underlying diseases. We will try as
much as we possibly can to link these to the kinds of settings that youre going to find in the clinic, and
we get to do that a lot in our conferences. The Systems Pathology course comes later in the year and
that course is just because of what it is much more complex, because in Systems Pathology what you
need to do is not just learn the reaction and how the cells work and how they work together, but you
really need to know how systems work and how the body works in relationship to the pathologic
processes of diseases. Then there is another course this year that fits between these two and thats
Infectious Diseases. There was a time in the history of our curriculum that Infectious Diseases was
actually a part of this course because theres so much of pathologic processes that are part of infectious
diseases, but the way you study infectious diseases is so different. Youre really memorizing one disease
after the other and the mechanism for studying and the way that course needed to get put together was
just so different that we decided after looking at it for a number of years that it worked better as a
separate course, and I think that when we get to the end of the year if I asked you I think youd agree. I
think Infectious Diseases is fascinating and a fascinating course and it will underlie much of what you see
clinically.

Slide 3 Aspects of Pathology
Phelan There are a number of different ways to look at pathology and you can look at them in a
number of different sequences but one word thats used a lot is the word etiology and Im sure you used
it last year, and that talks about how a disease starts or where it comes from, and why it happens. And
so, when we talk about certain diseases well talk about the etiology of the disease and go on from
there. If we talk about the term pathogenesis were actually looking at the steps that occur in the
process of disease. Youll hear us use the term morphology a lot and morphology occurs at multiple
different levels but its what you can see at different levels, what you can see clinically, what you can see
in a microscope, and morphologic change means something thats visible. And then for us, we get very
interested in clinical manifestations. How things present to us when we are dealing with the patient.
And most of us for the rest of our lives, thats where were going to start. What I hope well do for this
year is help you to recognize that where we all start in our management of patients has a lot going on
under it and the more we understand of the process and the morphologic changes, the pathogenesis,
the etiology, the better we can treat our patients.

Slide 4 Image
Transcribed by Sofiya Khazanovich June 30, 2014

Phelan So theres a clinical level and then this patient up in the corner up here we have a patient with
a mass on the palate we could have a patient with mass on the liver, we can have clinical presentation of
a patient whose skin color has changed, we could be talking about the clinical level and caries and
periodontal disease. The clinical level is where most of us are going to be working for the rest of our
professional lives. And organ level goes into the larger organs and we would say one step from clinical.
So in clinical level on this patient we are looking at a salivary gland tumor. The organ level thats
illustrated here is a heart I hope you recognize that by now, but if we were going to look at organ level
on the clinical picture wed be looking at salivary glands. Then were going to be looking at tissue level.
Well do quite a bit of that in conference again to understand whats going on to make the organ change
or the clinical change. Youll be working with Dr. Kinnally today looking at cellular level and we can even
look at intracellular levels and then were going to be looking at a lot of mechanism and when you work
with Dr. McCutcheon in immunology youre going to be working on mechanisms, when you work with
me on immunopathology, were going to be working at different levels than the mechanism, well try to
make those mechanisms make some clinical sense. Thats sort of an overview of the course. Weve got a
lot to cover between now and December.

Slide 5 NYU Classes
Phelan - Again, the syllabus will be up by tomorrow as long as I can get a template to put it up. The
contact information for all of the lecturers in this course is on the syllabus so you can go there to get it.
Many of our lecturers will actually put their contact information on the PowerPoints that they give you.
Right now the lecture schedule is posted the syllabus isnt. I would ask the class reps to please do me a
favor and make sure that the schedule that I have posted is the same one that you have. Scheduling
around here can be kind of cute once in a while so if you guys would please just check to make sure
what Ive got there matches what you have so far. I dont know that you have the whole year but you
certainly have the summer so lets make sure youre not in one place and Im in another. The lecture and
conference material is going to be posted on NYU Classes; you should be able to get that before each
lecture.

Slide 6 Lectures
Phelan It would be nice if you were all here for lectures and I think that it is a good use of your time
but you all study differently. What I want you to do more than anything else is to learn and to pass this
course. And you really do have the option at your ages to be able to do it the best you can but
sometimes going to lecture if you are here and you possibly can gives you a couple of advantages. One
of the things it does for you is it tells you what it is thats in that lecture. If you wait to listen to the
podcast youre really dont know the scope of what youre going to have to worry about for that area so
sometimes coming to class even if you feel like youre too tired to really focus, and I hope that you
would listen to the podcast, its like knowing whats in your bank account. If you dont look at it for a
long time you can think you have a lot more money in there than you do. Coming to lecture does give
you a chance to have some idea of the amount of material that youre going to have to cover and that
youre going to have to work on. And again were working on exams but more than that I hope that
were going to be giving you material that you will enjoy that you will see some clinical relevance for
what were working on and that we make it for you a pleasant experience as much as possible. There
are conferences in this course and the conferences link to the subject. Every subject does not have a
conference; youll see that as you look at course schedule. The class is divided into three parts for this
course. There are three separate conferences. But the conference room does not fit extra people so for
the most part you must attend the conference youre scheduled for. Is it ever possible for us to make a
change? Sometimes we can but I would tell you most of the time Im going to have to say no because
Im not going to be able to fit more people in the room so you really need to come to the scheduled
Transcribed by Sofiya Khazanovich June 30, 2014

conference in order to be able to get credit for it. We have a senior faculty member who takes
attendance for us. She is there almost all conferences and I will tell you she counts at the end of the
conference to make sure the same number of signatures is equal to number of people in room. It really
is important that we maintain the integrity of those conferences because if you pass the course with a
70 or more and you meet the conference attendance requirement we're going to give you three extra
points. That can be significant for some of you, move you from one half grade to another half grade, and
so its important to me and faculty that course attendance integrity is maintained.

Slide 7 3 Exams
Phelan - Ok there are three exams in this course and they are all equal. They may not all be equal in
number questions but they all count for the same, all 1/3 of the final grade. Exam one is the one we
should talk about. We can talk about others in the fall. Exam one will happen on monody August 4
th

between 3 and 4:50 in the afternoon and it will include everything from all of the lectures this summer.
After that, the other exams are cumulative but obviously theyre going to include more questions on
new material than material from previous exams. As this course proceeds you will see that some of this
introductory material is very much part of the material later on and so its almost impossible for me to
tell you how much is old stuff and how much is new stuff because new stuff is based on old stuff. Usually
theres a higher percentage of questions on the exam that are from the newer material or material from
that section. The time for our exams is one hour and fifty minutes and that includes the time to hand
out and collect the exams. And so it doesnt mean that you get an extra ten minutes for us handing out
the exams. We get an hour and fifty minutes and thats it. One of the things we have done in our
department is close the door at beginning of exam and keep everyone who hasnt gotten into seats
outsides until we get everybody settled and get exam passed out, and then let latecomers come in,
otherwise we take too long to pass out the exams. What weve learned is that everybody, even the
people standing outside the door, get their exams much faster if we do it that way than if we wait for
everybody to get settled. So you will see from our department three oclock or whatever time the exam
starts thats the deadline and we expect you to be here and in place and if youre not youre going to be
standing outside the door until we get everybody inside settled. The policy on missed exams is in the
course syllabus. If you miss an exam and there are some times you might need to miss an exam, there
will be a makeup after each exam, but the regular scheduled exam is mostly multiple choice. There will
be a makeup but it will be anywhere from ten to twenty short answer questions and the makeup exam
is all in a short answer or very short sentence format and is not multiple choice. I would suggest that you
really be careful about taking an exam if you happen to be sick. Because one of the things I cannot do if
you take an exam and you fail the exam I cannot do anything. That exam grade stands. If you are sick, if
you have a migraine, if something terrible happens and you really cannot deal with that exam, once you
take the exam, that is the grade for that exam no matter what your excuse is, I cant change that grade.
So if you have a valid excuse please come and tell us as soon as you possibly can because we dont want
you to take exams when youre sick and you cant focus on the exam because then were kind of stuck
with this concern about I failed the exam because I was sick and I cannot change the grade. That is not
something that we can manage so be careful about it and dont take an exam because you dont want to
take the makeup because youre sick, because you can make a bigger mess by taking an exam that
youre sick for and cant focus on the questions. We write different exams every single time. What that
means is sometimes our exams arent perfect. We use the item analysis system to review every question
that we put on an exam and sometimes we find that we really have written an exam that either you
couldnt figure out or we couldnt figure out. We thought it was a great question when we wrote it. But
we dont take challenges. We do take your questions seriously and from your class reps we will listen to
issues but we dont take challenges on questions and it seems like a lot of time was spent on going to
the internet and trying to find reasons that students answers were correct and our answers were wrong
Transcribed by Sofiya Khazanovich June 30, 2014

and its a waste of time for everybody and so we have opted out of the challenge situation. That doesnt
mean we dont listen to you, and it doesnt mean we dont take your concerns about questions very
carefully, but challenges are not something were going to deal with. Our exam two is going to come up
in October and our final exam is in the beginning of December. For many years our final exam was the
day before winter break. I think we are ahead by having it a little earlier in the semester.

Slide 8 Texts
Phelan - There are two texts, Kumar is the Pathologic Basis of Disease the 8
th
edition is on the Vitalbook.
There is another one called Basic Pathology that has the same author that is not the textbook. Its a
simplified version of that text and it usually doesnt have all of the information we want on it so its
Pathologic Basis of Disease that is our text. There is a new edition coming out probably before this
course is over. Were going to stay with the 8
th
edition otherwise were dealing with two different
editions of the text. I think if its out Systems Pathology will probably go on the 9
th
edition. There is a
textbook by Parham that please make sure you have on your Vitalbook and it will be the textbook that
you will use for the immunology part of this course.

Slide 9 Summer 2014
Phelan - The course is dramatically reoriented this year, so it doesnt look like the course from last year.
Whats different about the course this year is that the immunology part of the course: innate immunity,
acquired immunity, the whole immunology section of this course is in the summer. And so it will all be
part of what you do this summer and it will all be on the first exam. So your first exam will include your
material from today from Dr. Kinnally on cellular responses and cell death. The conference we do on
cellular responses and cell death, and then innate and acquired immunity with Dr. McCutcheon and the
two conferences that you have on immunology and then one last lecture at the end of the course that
doesnt have a conference and thats a section on cellular accumulations. Its lots of stuff that gets
collected into cells and it is a lecture topic, not a really good conference topic. We could probably make
it a conference topic but we dont usually for this course. So this summer is the first time we put
immunology at the beginning of the course. The summer seemed to be a good time to put it, you have a
little bit more time in the summer, its not quite as complex, and by the time we got to the fall mixing
immunology with multiple other subjects meant that you didnt have enough time to study the
immunology or the other subjects and everything kind of got mixed up, and so weve decided to change
the format which means you cant take the exams from previous years. Ill give you whatever I can but
you cant take exam 1 from last year and use it to study for exam 1 for this year because the material
isnt the same. Well try to give you some questions to work on but what Dr. McCutcheon does is gives
you study guides and her questions are taken from study guides. She will use those in conferences and I
think youll find them if you work through them very important.

Slide 10 Fall 2014
Phelan - And then this is the material for the rest of the course and I didnt break it down but again:
inflammation, wound healing, osseointegration are all as soon as we come back in September,
hemodynamics and circulatory disorders is going to come up shortly and then all of the subjects, the rest
of the course, and we can spend a little bit more time if we need to talking about what were doing
when we come back from summer break. So thats where the course is going. I am going to hand the
microphone over to Dr. Kinnally and let her go through the material on cellular responses and different
ways cells die and I will see you on this subject when we get to conference in a couple weeks. On
Wednesday for your class Dr. McCutcheon will start on Wednesday with acquired immunity and I didnt
check this morning to see if her PowerPoints are up but I know that theyre going up very shortly if they
arent up already. Any questions? My email is going to be on the course syllabus. Sometimes Im hard to
Transcribed by Sofiya Khazanovich June 30, 2014

reach because Im running around and I get too many emails in a day and they go off my active screen.
Everybody knows that I dont mind being bugged. You can send me multiple emails if I havent answered
you. My office is up on 8
th
floor next to Christine Morrow and next to the computer guys, my lab is right
down the hall. If youre really having trouble finding me please yell loudly or something because I really
do want to be available for you as much as I possibly can. So I havent made office hours, it may be
necessary but what happened when I made them is nobody came, everybody came at times that
werent my office hours, so usually Im around every day so you can kind of pop in and if I can stop what
Im doing Ill stop and talk to you. And please dont hesitate even if youre not having trouble in this
course, stop in and say hello, tell me youre a D2 student and let me recognize your face, and I hope that
Ill recognize some of you from lectures and conferences, but stop in my office and say hello and tell me
who you are and what youre doing and introduce yourself. Ok, Dr. Kinnally youre on.