David Noble Harpp, Dr.: Welcome to the world of chemistry drugs.

My name is David Harp. This is my

address at Auto-mass Building at the Auto-mass Building,
and of course, my email
before we get started on the drugs. I want to take a few minutes just to describe
the world of chemistry food. Some of you may have taken this so you can skip
through this material.
Anyway, I want to welcome you to both of these courses.
Let's hope that you both.
This is the I'm going to move this.
Let me measure myself up here on the other screen.
They're very much like a massive open online course.
This is the way
it looks which is different from the way this course will look.
Sometimes The this is myself,
and
we will have a number of slides, many slides actually such that this would be one
that demonstrates that if the world were made up of one hundred people, how many
would have a university education. And the answer is about seven.
There will be closed captioning possibilities.
That's where it will look something like this on the right side,
and you can change the
and while this course will be made up of a number of short
modules of videos
that will last anywhere between four and about fifteen minutes each, so it's broken
up. More than this course will be.
You can change the speed.
Sometimes there will be just the image of the instructor. This is Dr. Schwartz.
This is Doctor Fenster, with a slide on the side.
Then we can even dress him up and get him in a C tie, and he seems to even like it.
So that's the way this course will look,
if you choose to take it.
This course
one hundred and eighty-three is the chemistry of drugs again by email. And in the
emailing put the course number in the subject line and use your Mcgill address.
Please
don't use any of your other private addresses.
This is Dr. Schwartz's email
and his offices in one can automatically.
This particular address in auto-mass is for the office for science and society. I
would suggest that you go there, because there will be every week on Saturdays
Saturday morning,
a newest letter that will have sometimes information that will be of interest to
you, although you will not be responsible for it.
Adjust this a little bit. Okay.
The course itself i'm going to describe here. Please go to the If you haven't
already go to the
syllabus, and this is all reprinted in the syllabus. But I want to outline on what
the main features of the course are as we go through, and then we'll get into the
course in drug history. In the first lecture
this is the schedule as tentatively made up,
and it's been suggested. It's been
put together on Tuesdays, with one exception for the
Thanksgiving holiday period.
But we will be having these lectures
videotaped
or zoomed
earlier than those dates, so that you can get ahead if you wish to
introduction to drug history at introduction and drug history and then drug
history, too,
drug history, one and drug history, two
that will be followed by Covid, nineteen,
then toxicology. And then there will be a midterm exam on October the third, and
just to explain these dates, October three to five. The
that means that since this course normally is given at seven Pm. To about eight,
thirty
on Tuesday evenings.
What we're going to do because there is such a large class.
The fact that many people will have conflicts of one form or another.
We're going to have an open period from October the third to the fifth. That means
that if you start the exam at seven zero, P. M.
On October the third,
you will have three and a quarter hours to finish what is normally a one hour and a
thirty minute. Exam.
This should be sufficient time for the people who have Osd operations going on to
be able to finish in plenty of time.
You can take this exam at any time between October the third, and October the fifth
at seven Zero, P. M.
So
this is to help avoid the
any conflicts that may arise,
so that will be midterm one coverage. I'll go over some of the other features in
just a moment.
Midterm two will cover these four presentations, allergies, paininetics to
anesthetics, and the date is different, because technically October the eleventh is
part of your
Thanksgiving holiday midwinner amid fall and break
brain chemistry and street drugs. And then there will be midterm two, which will be
October the thirty first to November, the second
in the same framework as in the previous case.
Then the last one, which is heart hormones, and the remainder of the lectures will
be on the final exam.
These exams are all multiple choice,
and they will have about anywhere between seventy, five and eighty five questions,
generally around eighty questions
each of the exams. The final exam is not cumulative, neither are the neither is the
second midterm cumulative to the first. So once you cover that first midterm
material, that's all there is to say
on that
topic.
The color coding is just as I mentioned to indicate the coverage for these exams.
So write these dates down and don't mess up, please, because we don't want. That's
why we have a period of two days, forty, eight hours in which to take the exam,
so that you won't have conflicts, and that if you've forgotten the data the first
time of the exam. You can make it up if you
get coverage for that particular exam
situation.
So this is the summary amount of the dates, October three to five,
October thirty, one to November second,
thirty percent each, and a forty percent final. And so look at the syllabus and
course information for more detail on this, and, as I mentioned you normally, have
three and a quarter out, not normally, but you have Normally you have three and a
quarter hours for an exam that normally takes about one and a half.
Exams are not cumulative,
and I think the big break in this system, since the Covid has happened is that you
can use your notes as you can write your exam with your notes.
You're not permitted to
to use the Internet or to combine with anybody else. This is to be your honor
system
to work out your exam framework that way,
so take good notes as you go through. They will serve you well, and you can have
plenty of time to write the exams, and to find the material that's necessary to
answer the questions.
There will be, of course, as you know already, web delivery, full audio visual
materials, and the lecture recording system is on my courses. It's at the top line,
and you just click on it and find your way.
There will be slides available for pictures per page, so that you can. If you wish
to print these,
you certainly are
welcome to do that,
and those are going to be available. You will see that on the side in terms of
content the slides will be available for you.
So this is the summary of what we're going to be involved with. Of course,
information and syllabus will answer, I hope, any of your questions.
We accept the exam questions.
The lecture recording system is is, as you already know, about it, for most of you
the only slides to refer to and take notes on, if you wish, and there will be a
Discussion Board,
and there will be course, help
for tutorials. The Discussion Board itself, and for practice questions and a
practice exam
for each of those
two midterms and a final, so that you can try out your
the expertise.
The people who will handle. Much of this material are the Thompson engagement award
for mentoring people.
We call it team. It was fortunate that Thompson's name who donated the money for
this program
his name again with T. So we had to find some kind of acronym which we did, and
then this is the term that will be used throughout.
These are the names of the individuals who will be serving you. These are the first
five of them,
and their email addresses are simply first named last name at Mail Dot, Mcgill, C.
A. Because they are students who have taken this course, done extremely well, and
and are motivated to provide assistance to you
in a general way.
These are the last three, so that there are
eight individuals,
Isabella and the Cora and Sophie song are the co-captains. So if you run into
trouble somewhere that I can't answer. You can contact them directly, because they
are available on a little greater availability
than any of the others because they are coordinating these efforts.
So if you've got any questions about any of this material, please
send send your answers with your queries to me, and i'll be happy to provide an
answer usually right away.
You can also refer to Dr. Google or Professor Google, as it might be said. Just be
careful that you are at an appropriate website, governmental website, or a
scientific website of one form or another, because of so much scam
going on as you will learn a little bit later
if you don't know already, which i'm sure we do
so when we get into the course I want to describe where we're going to go, and what
we're going to be talking about for the next period of time.
Generally this will be about an hour.
Particular presentation will run about one hour, and the second one, the second
part of drug history will be a little bit shorter.
So I want to give an overview of
some preliminary prospections, perspectives,
health and medications will take up about forty percent of this period
historical highlights, another forty percent
details and drug history.
And then the last twenty percent will be split pretty much amongst the Fda and the
regulations that the Food and Drug administration in the Us. Or the world,
I guess standards provide the world standards for
getting drugs to the market, and what the regulations are, and then what are called
could be called proper medications as opposed to experimental ones that sometimes
make the record in
make the record not so good
and
medicinal chemistry.
We could spend an entire course on drug discovery. There is a book on the history
of this. If you are truly very interested in a Walter's leader,
is the author, and it's A. By Wily, and it will contain more information than you
ever wanted to know, but it depends on your interests. If you are interested in
this topic and wish to pursue it more. This might be a place to start,
except where to start is the next slide,
and let's look at where we are now, and then take a look at some history for a bit
of perspective on how all of this came to be where we are right now in two thousand
and twenty two,
One way to look at this is to say, how many new drugs have been provided, say,
presumably have been approved, not presumably, but have been approved
by the Fda and many other countries, because many countries follow the lead, health
and welfare. Canada follows the lead of the Fda in many instances.
So this is for the entire year of two thousand and twenty one, and there were fifty
drugs that were approved for use,
and you will note, and, as you already probably do have already noted from perhaps,
your own medications, or for perhaps your parents or grandparents medications. The
names make zero sense. They are designed to be,
I suppose, memorable in their own way, but they're designed to be unique,
not copyable.
And these are leukemia, Alzheimer's, and schizophrenia, where the topics that these
drugs are supposed to improve
the word. Next that comes up, which is unusual. We don't find many typewritten
words that make any sense in any of these, almost any and and almost none of these
kinds of products that make make it to the market.
Cavanova has gotten into the into the news to some extent for Hiv
to be
loud.
This is a graph from about twelve, thirteen years ago, and you will note that in,
for instance, in two thousand and ten there were only about twenty-one drugs that
were approved. But there's been a general increase in the drug approval
such that the average for the last decade or so it's been about thirty, six,
thirty, seven drugs per year,
I say, say, on average, in two thousand and eighteen. There were nearly, I think,
fifty, nine drugs that were approved.
So this is to say, you should know this number.
I don't remember if we asked question on that topic. But I think this is the kind
of question that is useful to have some information about, because if somebody
comes up to you and says, Oh, you've taken a course on drugs. I must have had some
drug history, or you. Do you know how many drugs are approved by the Fda?
I don't know if that's going to be a mystery question of the week for any of you
ever. But at least, if you're talking about this with your parents or your friends,
you can say that. Yes, it's between thirty and forty drugs a year, on average, for
the last ten years. Because I think if you ask an individual,
ask your parents, or ask a friend how many drugs are approved for him
in the Us. After a great deal of
monetary inventions,
I don't know what they'd say. My guess is, they might say one hundred or two
hundred, but the answer is much as a much smaller number, because it's very
difficult to get a drug approved.
Now there have been a number of issues too many to go over, and this is just of a
cherry-picking of the data.
Just a few years ago
Martin Scrolly made the news. I don't you were probably in high school when this
happened,
and he was slammed for price gouging, and he was cataloged as an unpleasant
individual by the smirk that he seemed to always have on his face when he was
charged by this he was ahead of a company.
None
raise the price of the anti-parasitic drug. Dar uprim.
He went from thirteen to fifty, a pill to seven hundred and fifty dollars a pill,
and This is apparently an off-used drug,
and this raised an enormous fuss.
This is a five thousand plus percent increase in each drug
cost,
He became quoted in the in the news as the most hated man in America for a short
period of time. He also turned out that he had done some bad work
um
financially, at least in a separate situation,
and he was bound for prison was in prison. He's out now
for seven years, plus fines. That was his. That was his penalty.
He's not going home anytime soon. Former Drug Company Executive Martin Schrelley,
Aka Pharma Growth got seven years in prison for defrauding investors of two hedge
funds. He ran. Prosecutors, asked for a fifteen year sentence, while Shrelli's
lawyer, was seeking twelve to eighteen months,
when the guidelines are twenty five years, and the government is demanding fifteen
years. One would think that the seven year sentence is good, but i'm disappointed.
I thought the sentence should have been less than seven years. But you know
Martin's fine, and he will be fine, and
you know, obviously it could have been a lot worse. In addition to the prison
sentence. Trelli was ordered to pay a seventy five thousand dollars fine, which
comes on top of a previous order to pay over seven billion dollars in forfeiture.
Shrelli became famous for raising the price of anti-infection drug dara-prim by
five thousand percent in two thousand, and fifteen, while he was chief executive of
turing pharmaceuticals being him the nickname Pharma Bro. Thirty, four year old.
Shrelli has been in jails in September, when he posted
Facebook message offering a five thousand dollars reward for a strand of Hillary
Clinton's hair that prompted an investigation from the Us. Secret Service and the
Brooklyn judge on the case revoked his bail, saying: Shrelli posed a danger to the
public,
and there were others who did bad things, the sackler family. They had to give up
their Purdue Pharma to settle the claims associated with the opioid crisis
there. I want to talk a little bit about the opioid crisis right now
with a privately owned company, with billions of sales promoted in an inappropriate
fashion,
finds up to five to six billion dollars
involved with these drugs, hydromorphone oxycodone. Perhaps the most famous one is
oxycontin
because it we. It was
paraded in front of people as a pain, killing situation. But it was a too
aggressively, toxicically
involved to be that kind of a drug that could be used in it, except in a very small
amount of use,
because it was
certainly not a not a good drug to have, and they promoted, and doctors promoted it
very strongly.
So causes of death in the Us. For opioids amount to about eighty thousand people a
year, and to compare this with other unpleasant forms of
death.
Traffic. Deaths or crashes claim about forty thousand people,
guns not suicides, about twenty thousand.
So opioids as you probably have heard on the news are in the news a great deal,
and
our extremely unfortunate situation,
Canada, and about one tenth of the population of the Us.
There were six thousand you would have expected roughly eight thousand. So it's
still a big increase over last year in Canada, but it's at least a little bit less
than it is in the Us. In terms of total numbers.
Johnson's company that you were probably all familiar with from either baby powder
or just the actually very good Band-aids that they produce
became involved in lawsuits.
The jury awarded twenty, nine million and then cancer causing baby powder lawsuit.
That was three years ago, and it has continued to this day with other awards being
given out
because of the asbestos that was found in the baby powder, and they're taking it
off the market all over the world. Right now.
They were ordered to pay
some almost six hundred million dollars for fueling
Oklahoma's opioid crisis.
That was the Purdue Pharma, the Sackler family, and the T. Of pharmaceutical
industries previously settled. Also other cases in Oklahoma.
However, Johnson and Johnson's shares jumped five percent after the judge found the
company liable in this outbreak because of the fact that they would now have solved
this
legal problem. So this is a continuation of unpleasant situations going on in the
Us. On this particular topic of the opioids.
So
a twenty-six billion dollars agreement was reached eventually. How Johnson and
Johnson, which is the one of the very largest drug firms in the world, has this
kind of money to be paid? I don't know
you can read about it, and this is alive.
Ah!
Situation that you can check out for yourselves if you will, and then you.
It works
so overall. About half a million people in the Us. Have died from overdoses to this
prescription and illegal drug opioids for the last. Roughly, twenty, twenty, three
years, according to the data produced by the Federal Government of research
continues,
and I want to bring up something that's a lot more mild than this drug opioid
situation, which is pretty tragic.
And can this ancient Greek medicine cure humanity? This is Frank Bruni as an Indian
columnist for the New York Times. He is very good, I think. He put his article out
a couple of years ago
a fresh interest in the fabled shrub of the Aegean island of Chios.
Chios is located off the coast of Turkey. It's the only island, I think, that has
this particular plant that exudes this material that people have been using for
years and years anecdotally
beautiful community,
and these trees exude
a liquid which has a components in it that seem to be very effective in a number of
possibilities, and they exud it by just dripping down much like a pine tree drips.
It's
in our workings, as it might be said.
What they do, What the gatherers of this drug do is they spread calcium carbonate,
which is nothing more than powdered limestone around the surface of the trees, so
that they don't have to separate out these this liquid as it drips out of the tree,
and then they collect the limestone,
these kernels, and then process this, as you see here, to obtain the actual
material that gives the effects looks like this.
It is reputed to do a great many important things to cure in for a past
cure or assist
inflammation,
various wounds, ulcers, asthma,
which seems to have some anti-cancer activity and antimicrobial activity sort of a
miracle drug
that for a miracle treatment at least because it's been time-honored for well, over
a thousand years.
It's even used in chewing gum. It gives better breath. I've tried the chewing gum
the student from Greece Kate gave me a package last year. It's used as a flavor of
the foods, so it's harmless.
I'm not going to go into this in any detail. I think it's a
a fantasy, but I think it's a possibility
in Genesis and Jeremiah You can read about this. They talk about caravan, the
mishmailites coming from Gilead. The camels were loaded with spice as a bomb, and
that would be what this would be.
Is there no bomb in Jeremiah
in Jeremiah? Is there no bomb in Gilead? Is there no physician there? Why is there
no healing of the wound of my people?
Maybe it's that. Maybe it's not, but it certainly seems like it could be because
it's something that's been known for well, not a thousand years, a couple of
thousand and more years.
This is the bubblegum, but the sugar-free gum that is produced with this material,
and needless to say, people have tried to find out what is going on with this
trying to find out what the chemical composition is called mastic gum
helio, back toory helio, back to her by her bye, bye, Lori,
the bacterial agent that causes ulcers.
This was discovered about ten years ago with the Nobel Prize for the person who
discovered this because it was an antibacterial agent that solved
also issues rather than being just thought to be stress that caused the ulcers.
So
it also seems to be effective in the mouth. So you might read about this a little
bit more. I would hope to ask a question or two about this, just as in a general
way, because I think it's an important natural material that is
harmless, and so may turn out to be even more effective when they sort out just
what's going on in that particular
drug.
The Media gives a lot of misconceptions, and I think you all recognize this most
very well about the good old days. Isn't it better than it is now,
and over all the time that maybe your parents were dating. I'm not sure. I was
going to work at Mcgill. I'm driving in. Yes, i'm not bragging, because it's six,
forty Am. Because you have to beat the bridges because I live in myself.
Sh. Of Montreal
and I was the same you some music on Fm. Ninety, three in Plattsburg, New York.
And the
announcer was talking along about how
things were better in the good old days, and they actually I wrote this down, which
I shouldn't have while driving the car but way back, when there weren't that many
problems with health
like one hundred years ago, two hundred years ago,
way back, when
removal of a sore or an ulcer. Excuse me, not an altar, but a tumor
was done by the local barber in many cases with no anesthetics whatsoever.
The analysis, at the time of urine, which is shown in the right-hand panel was also
part of what was beautiful days of prevention in terms of medicine.
Just to give you an example of some of this.
King Charles Ii. Of England, who is obviously shown here, is in this painting
was treated by his physician, Sir Charles Scarborough.
You had many other physicians in bloodletting, which was the appropriate time of
the appropriate
representation of what was supposed to be helpful in getting somebody cured.
To cure the King of disruption. Disruptive humors, or convulsions is what he had.
So they shaved his head mustard plasters with irritants.
Given a substance from the crushed skull of an innocent man in quotes, procure his
convulsions. He was bled again, given extracts of herbs and animals of the kingdom,
and then it was given a stone from the stomach of a goat, which was undoubtedly not
to a harmful, unless it was a very big stone.
He went into a Coleman and died, as you might have guessed.
So That was the good old days at least the good old old days.
But the fact that you could not cut open anyone and do any kind of serious
operation was obvious,
because, in the first place, there are no
anaesthetics available,
so what the only things they could do is to to examine the feces and the urine, and
there are no paintings that I know of of examination, of feces, but there was.
There are numerous paintings, rather attractive paintings,
called the Physician in one thousand six hundred and fifty, three,
David, ten years, the younger in one thousand six hundred and seventy, analyzing
the color of the urine That was about all that they could do.
The Euroscopy flask became a symbol for a doctor,
and the aeroscopy wheel became the analysis method to see just what was going on
with the color of the urine and diagnosis by urine color, and, in fact, it's not
that unreasonable.
The infection showed kind of a greeny look to It
had a green. You look to it
never a problem before
who gave dark color. If there was bleeding or so, or sometimes the food would
represent
red color, vitamin be by vitamin B two would be an excessively yellow urine.
All of that works, and it is probably about the best thing that people can do right
up until more modern, relatively more modern times.
This is just to give you some idea of what is in your This was a paper where you
they analyzed by using gas chromatography, which is as many as some of you may
know, as a methodology to separate the volatile components of the liquid material
mass spectrometry, to measure the mass of the molecules as they are separated out,
and the combined
topic of using these two provides an opportunity very good opportunity to determine
what is in these materials, such as the urine and the head space. That's just the
space above the urine
through the volatile materials.
And this is just a list of from a to c. Chemicals beginning from A to C that were
found in that one particular sample of nearly one hundred and fifty different
compounds
acetone, which is certainly the
male Polish remover,
all isothiocianate, the one that's about Number Seven. Down. The list is something
that's found in the
It's a material that's found in
mustard.
So you can sometimes gain access to what people have been doing or eating.
In any event, there's a great many things in urine, and
they are volatile. These are all volatile materials. So what the physician is
could not do was get this information out one hundred years ago, when back, when
there weren't that many problems with health.
This is a painting from Russia, and so a Russian painter rather should produce
this. The woman is crying, the wife, the mother of the child in the bed.
What is the doctor doing? And this would have been probably about one thousand
eight hundred and seventy or so. And up here,
R. Two
of the offspring looking on the father over here. Presumably
all that he can do is gain access by maybe taking the temperature of the patient
and taking the
pulse.
This painting shows the very same thing.
Very nice painting.
If you'd want to guess who I don't think you would be able to, because the
famous painter that put this together
was not known for his,
let me say, relatively normal looking paintings. That's Pablo Picasso gated this.
Then he got into his Cubist
arrangement, and it's rather distorted pictures that I don't. I'd like to own one,
because then I could sell it for lots of money.
That's The other point is that this is all a matter of taste.
In any event, the doctors couldn't do much until they started to come to be trained
in the proper fashion.
And so, if you ask the question, do most people of your age group? Have you had a
doctor to your home? The answer is probably not, although it's possible.
I grew up under him normally a different situation, and I did have a doctor that
came to the house. He didn't look like this, but he could have I'm referring to the
fact that this is a doctor who's going to people who can't make it to a doctor's
office in the relative
poor region of some community.
But the doctor would come, and I always felt better when he came, not because he
was a nice man that was Dr. Huntington was his name.
He was a gruff individual, and I was kind of scared of him,
but somehow he gained my confidence that he was going to make me feel better, and
usually he did.
Whether he did anything useful or not. I don't really know at this time,
but
he did come to the Hollis. I remember this distinctly,
but this is not so common,
so I just want to give that a little section some publicity for the fact that
there really weren't
the good it wasn't a good situation
a hundred years ago in most communities
at the end of the eighteen hundreds, eighteen ninety s
Life expectancy for a man in North America was about forty seven years
now. It is around eighty, and plus for men and women with a strong edge to well,
not a strong edge, but it's an edge to women. I want to go over some of these
numbers, because I think it's a relatively valuable for you to get an appreciation
of what this is like was like.
This is a graph of my mother. Death's maternal mortality. It's called rate for ten
thousand births
in one thousand eight hundred and fifty. It was relatively high, and it
dramatically decreased; and when dramatically decreased in the one thousand nine
hundred and fortys, and that's due to the fact that Penicillin was discovered,
and it started to be used as the first
antibiotic material, and it saved more lives in World War Ii than we were able to
come, because the battlefield killed individuals. That's certainly true.
But the fact remains that
many, many of the soldiers in World War one died from infection, whereas that was
much less the case in World War Two.
This gives them the most updated version of the overall life expectancy that's
become that it exists now, and Hong Kong seems to hold the record at eighty five
years
from second position, which is Japan,
just a few months
shorter
down to Number Eight, our Macau, Switzerland, Singapore,
Italy, Spain, and Australia.
There's an adjustment to each of the Genders for the fact that for women,
and they're usually about two to two and a half years more,
and the men are two and a half, two to two and a half years less. So there's a
difference of about four years
between men and women, sometimes as much as five.
If you go down to the numbers rankings nine to eighteen. Those are the Channel
Islands, France and Martinique are tied. Malta. Canada is there at about number
fifteen or fourteen, or some number like that;
but the number isn't that much lower. It's about eighty three, plus or minus two
for the men, women, and men. The Us. Is forty, six
at seventy eight, although, and that went down even a little lower than that, the
during pandemic times in Russia the value is seventy three. With this twelve year.
Difference between men and women, the men that come in in about sixty, seven, or
sixty eight years,
ostensibly due to the
extreme consumption of vodka, although that maybe there may be other reasons
and different agencies that determine These numbers differ a little bit, but the
world average is about seventy, three, and I think that's a number that's worth
getting at. The lowest country is around fifty. Three or fifty, four years
lost life, expectancy,
and in two thousand and twenty the life expectancy in the Us. Dropped about a year
due to the Kovat situation.
So it was a little bit lower than it was in seven, in two thousand and twenty. Then
it went down in two thousand and twenty from where it was before.
But it's going to perk back up again, I guess.
But i'm not sure, because the data is not in on that topic
that brings up the interesting question of who was the oldest person in the world.
Until very recently it was Connie Tanaka who was one hundred and eighteen looking
here. A pretty darn good, I would say. I was lunch.
She passed away last year,
and was replaced by a man which was a little more unusual. It's usually the women
of the the longest Juan Perez, who is now one hundred and thirteen, and it's the
oldest. He looks like he's having fun doing something,
I guess,
getting
tuned up for his birthday of the Hundred and Thirteenth. I think
the oldest person in Canada who ever lived is this woman, Marie Louise Mayor, who
is from Kamaraska in Quebec.
Camar Oscar is located north of Quebec City,
snapped out on the drive that I was on once, just to get it, and just to show you
some a little bit of where she was from
the oldest person who's ever lived. And there's some dubious claims about this.
There are some claims that for some information that indicates that maybe wasn't
actually this person who lived this long, but it was her daughter, but I think
they've been pretty much discounted.
This is a Shawn Kalmet, who was one hundred and twenty two, and there was a birth
certificate for her.
She only died in one thousand nine hundred and ninety, seven, living from one
thousand eight hundred and seventy five.
She certainly was quite senior,
quite talkative.
The town that she comes from in the south of France
treasures this person,
and any time, and i'm just as i'm sure they were treasuring any gentleman who was
now the oldest at one hundred and thirteen.
It's sort of a
means of getting pride for the community in which they live.
Over the years. She became the biggest attraction in Arles since Vancouver's visit
in one thousand nine hundred and eighty eight. She met Bango as a girl, and the
artist came to the shop to shop at her father's art Supply store and remembered him
later as
dirty, badly dressed, and disagreeable.
I don't know how much that would be logical or true, but it's it's her opinion
sticking with it. I are stuck with it,
I guess,
and Here's a prospective point in this topic. If you are twenty years old the odds
are over ninety percent that you have a living grandmother
a century ago, only a little over eighty percent of twenty year olds had a living
mother and much less.
Pardon me,
David Noble Harpp, Dr.: a living grandmother,
and this gives information. This next piece of information is for the percentage of
people, or over sixty five years, as the date goes, from one thousand nine hundred
and sixty up to two thousand and twenty
in the Usa.
Percentage of people over sixty-five was only about nine percent in the sixtys. It
rose slowly until now or it's almost double. Now meeting that there are issues
associated with people who are getting older and older as time goes on
Japan. It's even more dramatic. There were only six percent who were over sixty,
five
in one thousand nine hundred and sixtys. And now it's twenty, eight percent.
Their population is even, I think it's either going down or remaining just about
constant,
but but with a much higher percentage of senior people
in the world, it has doubled as opposed
to Japan, which has gone up by a factor of four or four and a half,
and until one thousand nine hundred and ninety, the world population of people over
sixty, five was pretty much stuck in this lower numbers from five to seven, but now
it's going up a little bit more.
Life Expectancy
jumped downward dramatically during the one thousand nine hundred and eighteen
pandemic, which is what i'm going to conclude this presentation this morning.
Well, it's actually this afternoon.
Wow!
It perped back up again Life expectancy to where you see the graph intercepting it.
It's about two thousand and twenty and a little over eighty.
This is in the Us.
How do people die in the world? Not from complicated diseases, respiratory
diseases, about five million diarrhea, three million tuberculosis, three million,
and so on down the list.
So this just gives some perspective on what
causing deaths in the world. Malaria certainly is a major cause of death, and
people are working on these
this topic very dramatically right now.
The h onen one virus
prompted this a few years ago this headline in the New Scientist Magazine. In the
end at last it certainly isn't the end,
and to get some further perspectives. This is in the Us. Where the data is sound,
and with more people than in other smaller countries.
The Civil War, needless to say,
killed any one on either side was a citizen
about half a million people.
World War. I was around one hundred thousand or so.
The one thousand eight hundred and nineteen flu was about five hundred and seventy
thousand or so.
It's not entirely clear the exact numbers, but This is about the best arrangement.
The best estimates that have been taken into account.
World War Ii was about four hundred thousand. The Korean and Vietnam War were
roughly around fifty thousand.
But this is the pandemic that you've heard about in the last two years to be
compared with the one thousand nine hundred and eighteen nineteen pandemic. And I
want to
describe this a little bit more from the point of view of the thirty to fifty
million people who died in the world,
and this is from the perspective of the Us. And then there will be one from Canada,
the grip that was the term. If you talk to your grandparents. They'll probably know
that term your parents might not.
The grip is influenza, and just another term for it.
This is in October of one thousand nine hundred and eighteen dramatic steps taken
drastic steps taken throughout the nation to check the epidemic,
and this is the site of the origin of the one thousand nine hundred and eighteen
influenza pandemic, as best stopped done by this author, John Barry,
and that this was in Fort Riley, in Kansas, At one particular camp.
Everybody started coming down with this,
and they were sick when they came home and spread it into the Us. And spread it in.
All of the other countries in the world, pretty much most of the other countries in
the world.
Here's another picture.
Another called Sneeze screens the,
and they certainly had all of the right ideas, but they didn't have any medication
for this
people dressed on the street, as you see here.
I was amused by this New Yorker Magazine during one of the
influenza pandemics in the early
two thousands.
That was about the time that people started to be asked to leave the office to
smoke outside, and here they have masks on and get their smoking
from a Canadian perspective.
This was the flag of Canada in one thousand nine hundred and eighteen, until it
became in the one thousand nine hundred and sixty five flag that you now know of as
the Maple Leaf.
This is the same in Canada as it was in the Us. Soldiers coming home still ill.
Alberta farmers are shown here, the
four thousand people in Alberta and died,
and it was called the Spanish flu, because that was the source of what they thought
was the original source of the flu epidemic,
and it got that name by exit by just
putting the two together.
Here you see a funeral directors walking ahead of the nurses who are carrying the
casket.
People were buried in shallow graves.
This is the end of World War, one in Calgary. Note how many people are wearing
masks at that time.
This is a picture of a bank a picture of the people who worked on a particular
bank, and they're all wearing masks.
The Stanley Cup, which was to have been played against with Montreal and Seattle
had a team at the time
it was called off,
David Noble Harpp, Dr.: and a few comparisons might be made
in the Usa and Kovat nineteen. The deaths for one hundred thousand was one hundred
and eighty,
and in that in it
Covid nineteen deaths, one hundred and eighty per one hundred thousand, and in one
thousand nine hundred and eighteen, nineteen, six hundred and forty. So it was a
more treacherous
disease, because, of course, there were no
shots that anyone could take. The
Canadian Covid nineteen, about seventy,
instead of one hundred and eighty,
and the Canadian one thousand eight hundred and nineteen, about the same as the Us.
In terms of the rate of deaths,
want to pick up these two numbers, because in Canada it seems that they were around
half or a little bit better than half in terms of deaths for one hundred thousand.
Then in the Us.
Some of these deaths may have happened because people
we're poor
in the one thousand eight hundred and nineteen,
one thousand nine hundred and eighteen to one thousand nine hundred and nineteen
time. This is a picture just of some
street kids
in New York City,
and this is a picture of three
boys, as it turns out,
who are not rich,
that is for sure, for certain.
But I wanted to describe a little bit about what happened in terms of
one small, very small community of maybe three hundred people.
This, the senior boy in the middle, made this diary in one thousand nine hundred
and eleven, when there was another
influenza, not really an epidemic, but it's strong influenza situation, and this is
his diary.
Uncle Eugene died, and we filled the ice house.
No refrigerators were possible in this era. This is January the nineteenth, one
thousand nine hundred and eleven
Uncle Eugene was buried, something about a fire.
We had exams and a slid downhill. So life moves on.
I was sick and did not go to school
I went and got Kemp's balson.
I thought that was interesting to learn about some nostrum that was put together.
These would be
things like extract of balsam and wild cherry,
with a little bit, probably of alcohol, which was the main medicine of the time.
But anyway, the young fellow got some Kemp's balsam, and so subsequently I found
at a garage sale some Kemp's balson. It's a little hard to read, so I put some dark
colored liquid in it, just so you can read the Kemp's balsam, and the penny is from
one thousand nine hundred and eleven, the best time that this took place.
Grandpa was taken sick and had Doctor
Grandpa had doctor a second time.
Grandpa was worse, and I went after George.
Grandpa died, and Warren and Dick laid him out. And what that means is, there was
no tunnel parlor in the traditional fashion in this small community of country in
the country,
and
they simply provided a place for the body.
Grandpa was buried, and I got books. Now this is in February, in the Northern type
community. I don't know how they broke through the ground to marry the individual,
but apparently they did.
Ernest died, and Lewis and Frank laid him out.
Ernest was buried.
Now we're into March.
All through this period was this for influenza.
Charlie died, and father and I went to the Glen, some place near by.
Charlie was buried, and I went to the village.
That's Charlie.
The calf was born, and I rode down with a gym.
So life moves on.
Fred's boy was born, and I went to the village.
I went down to friends and named the baby. So they carried on just as though
nothing, not just as so, nothing happened. But they carried on.
Mrs. Trip died.
Now we're into early April or mid- April. Mrs. Trip was buried, and I went to the
village
five people, in the town of about two hundred and fifty to three hundred people
passed away in this short period of time. From the influenza
I went down to Fred Harps.
Well, that, of course,
and my two uncles
in this community near near nearby to this community village
there was a church that has gone defunct, and some of the people who, I suspect
were in that listing were buried here. But i'm not really sure
now
they have re-character characterized and reconstructed this one thousand nine
hundred and eighteen Spanish influenza pandemic virus,
and found some interesting results. The
from the Alaskan permafrost. They found some bodies, and there were some people
alive at the time that this analysis was carried out. But they could check on this
data of what was in the
Dna sequencing of those
dug up people as well as live people who are
people who were still alive at this at this time,
and they found that bacterial pneumonia caused most of the deaths of the one
thousand nine hundred and eighteen flu caused by the throat bacteria being invaded,
invading the lungs by a path created when the virus destroyed the brachial cells.
So that's another
adventure that is
been solved
over the time that this situation exists
from the survivors, from blood samples from thirty, two survivors,
ninety, one to one hundred and one age all reacted to the one thousand nine hundred
and eighteen virus, suggesting they still had antibodies to the virus in their
bodies.
So this might be useful in the future
for research purposes.
The two thousand and seventeen, two thousand and eighteen virus
H. Three N. Two was only about thirty, five to thirty, six percent effective, and
the flu caused about half a million or more deaths worldwide. So much better this
time around.
So next time i'm going to talk about the eradication of disease, and many nondrome
methods, and many,
many methods.
So i'll pick up next time.