Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip

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BO CO N I

ti: THIT K H THNG O LNG IU KHIN
TRONG X L NC THI CNG NGHIP

Ging vin hng dn: TS. Bi ng Thnh
Sinh vin thc hin:
Nhm 1: 1. Cao Ngc Thng K TH 1 K56
2. Bi Bnh Dng K TH 8 K56
3. Bi Minh c K TH 3 K56


Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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A. LI M U
X l nc thi cng nghip l mt vn quan trng v chuyn bit vi
mi mt ngnh cng nghip, m bo v sinh mi trng v pht trin bn vng
cho kinh t. Ngy nay, m hnh x l nc thi cng nghip c rt nhiu ci
tin nhm phc v cho mc ch qun l v iu khin d dng hn cho ngi s
dng. Tiu biu l vic p dng cng ngh t ng ha trong m hnh SCADA,
mi ng tc gim st v iu khin ngi qun l u thc hin thao tc trn
mt chic PC. Ch cn mt ci click chut hay g phm n gin thay vi iu
khin bng tay ti mi cng on trong mi khu x l. Vic ny gp phn nng
cao hiu qu, tit kim thi gian sc lc cho ngi s dng.
Trong qu trnh hc tp c s gip hng dn ca thy gio Bi ng
Thnh cng nh tham kho thm cc ti liu chng em hon thnh bi bo co.
Ni dung bi bo co gm 3 phn :
Phn 1 : Tng quan v hng nghin cu ti
Phn 2 : H thng x l nc thi trong cng nghip
Phn 3 : Nghin cu ng dng SCADA vo h thng x l nc thi cng
nghip.
Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh lm bi khng th trnh khi c sai st, chng
em mong nhn c s gp , nhn xt ca thy c gio v cc bn bi bo
co c th hon thin hn na..
Em xin chn thnh cm n !!!






Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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B. NI DUNG
ti: Tm hiu v thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc
thi cng nghip
I. TNG QUAN HNG NGHIN CU
X l nc thi cng nghip l vn v cng quan trng trong sn xut
cng nghip hin nay bo m cho s trong sch ca mi trng v to s pht
trin bn vng cho nn kinh t. Trn th gii, cc h thng x l nc thi c
nghin cu v ng dng t rt lu, v cng ngh x l nc thi cng ngy cng
tin tin v hiu qu hn. C th ni trnh t ng ho x l nc thi t
mc cao, tt c cc cng vic gim st, iu khin u c th thc hin c ti
mt trung tm, ti y ngi vn hnh c h tr bi nhng cng c n gin,
d s dng nh giao din ho trn PC, iu khin bng kch chut,... gp phn
nng hiu qu cho cng vic qun l iu hnh dy chuyn cng ngh. Ngoi ra
cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v vin thng, khong cch v
khng gian v thi gian c rt ngn, cho php ngi vn hnh c th iu
khin t cch xa hng ngn km vi ch mt my tnh PC hoc nhn c thng
tin v h thng thng qua sms
SCADA l vit tt ca Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (iu
khin gim st v thu thp d liu). N khng nhng l mt h thng iu khin
y m cn l h thng gim st. H thng SCADA l kt qu ca s kt hp
cht ch gia cng ngh thng tin v v cng ngh t ng ha. Cc thit b t
ng ha y u c kh nng truyn thng v tham gia vo mng truyn thng
cng nghip.
Mt h thng SCADA bao gm mt hay nhiu my tnh, dng km vi mt
phn mm ng dng thch hp c thnh phn cu trc c bn gm:
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU): thit b u cui t xa, thc hin cc cng
vic x l v iu khin ch thi gian thc. Cc RTU c t nhiu v tr
khc nhau thu thp d liu, iu khin t xa, t iu khin linh hot h thng
v thng bo nh k kt qu v my tnh ch.
Master Terminal Unit (MTU): trung tm iu phi, thc hin cng vic x
l d liu v iu khin mc cao ch thi gian thc mm. Mt trong nhng
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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chc nng c bn ca MTU l cung cp giao din gia con ngi quan st vin
vi h thng.
Communication System (CS): h thng truyn thng (knh lin kt) cn
thit truyn d liu t cc a im xa n MTU v truyn tn hiu iu khin
n RTU.
Cu trc c bn ca h thng SCADA:


Trong h thng x l nc thi cng nghip, h thng SCADA ng vai tr
trong qu trnh o lng iu khin v gim st. V d v h thng SCADA trong
x l nc thi:







Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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T mt v tr trung tm SCADA c th theo di c cc trang thit b u
cui n v t xa RTU hoc PLC. Cc RTU c th o lng mt lot cc thng
s trong iu kin a dng bao gm nhit hin ti, dng in, in p v mc
tng... theo thi gian thc. Kt qu c ly t RTU qua cc cm bin khc nhau
c tch hp bn trong. Cc thnh phn ca cm bin bao gm: nhit , lu
lng, p sut, cp Cc d liu sau c gi tr li cc n v thng qua
cc knh truyn thng. Cc n v ln lt bo co li cho cc n v x l trung
tm CPU thc hin cc chc nng kim sot v phn tch cn thit.







MY TNH PLC
BNG IU
KHIN
C CU
CHP
HNH
CM BIN
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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Ti liu tham kho:
1. Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc thi (Trn Vn Nhn, Ng Th Nga Nh
xut bn khoa hc k thut).
2. Wastewater treatment plan SCADA application (Humoreanu, B. Fac. of
Autom. & Comput. Sci, Tech. Univ. of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca,
Romania - Nascu, I. )
3. Wastewater treatment with scada application (Z. Tugce OZCAN)
4. S7-300 programmable controller installation and hardware - SIEMENS
5. Gio trnh S7-300 ting vit - H Vn Tr
6. Wincc manual SIEMENS
7. Measuring, modeling and controlling the pH value Jean-peter Yln
8. Ti liu SCADA, WINCC , STEP7 (internet)













Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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II. H THNG X L NC THI CNG NGHIP
1. Kho st v nh gi cng ngh x l nc thi.
Hin nay cng ngh x nc thi cng nghip trn th gii ngy cng
tin tin v hin i. Cng ngy cng c nhiu quy trnh x l nc thi
trn th gii. Mi quy trnh li tng ng vi mt ngnh cng nghip, nh
my, phn xng nht nh. ti ny s thit k h thng o lng v
iu khin cho h thng x l nc thi sau:

B LNG
SP
BN KH
NC THI
T NH MY
B
P1
P2
P3
THI RA
SNG, H

Hnh 1: Quy trnh x l nc thi cng nghip
TT TN THIT B THNG S K THUT
1 Bm nc P1, P2, P3 Cng sut 5.5 kw
2 Bm bn SP Cng sut 2.2 kw
3 My thi kh B Cng sut 15 kw
4 My khuy M1 Cng sut 2.2 kw; 60rpm
5 My gt bn M2 Cng sut 5.5 kw; 0.2rpm
6 Bm ha cht DP Cng sut 0.5 kw
7 Van in t V1, V2 Ngun cp 220V AC

Bng 1: Danh sch thit b trong h thng x l nc thi nh my bia
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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H thng x l nc thi gm nhng cng on nh sau:

Nc thi t nh my c thu vo h bm. T h bm, bm nc
qua song chn rc.Mc ch l kh tt c tp vt c th gy s c trong
qu trnh vn hnh nh: tc my bm, ng ng hoc knh dn. Rc vo
thng cha bng cch xi lin tc hoc co th cng.
Sau khi i qua song chn rc, nc t chy vo b cn bng lm iu
ha lu lng duy tr dng thi khng i cng on sau, khc phc
nhng vn vn hnh do s dao ng lu lng nc thi gy ra v nng
cao hiu sut ca qu trnh cui dy chuyn x l. Nhit nc o th
cng theo chu k hoc theo thi im c th. My bm s bm nc t b
cn bng vo b trung ha v n nh lu lng.
Nc thi cha acid v c hoc kim cn c trung ha v pH trong
khong 70.2 trc khi s dng cho cng on x l tip theo bng cch
s dng tc nhn ha hc. Trong qu trnh trung ha s c mt lng bn
to thnh. Lng bn ny ph thuc vo nng v thnh phn ca nc
thi cng nh loi v lng cc tc nhn s dng cho qu trnh.
Cc tc nhn ha hc thng s dng l NaOH v HCl. Khi pH vt
ngng di th bm nh lng DP b sung thm NaOH, khi pH vt
ngng trn th DP b sung HCl vo cho my khuy M1 hot ng. My
khuy to iu kin thun li cho phn ng trung ha v lm ng u ha
cht b sung vi nc thi. iu khin pH c thc hin th cng.
m bo an ton cho cho vi sinh vt, ngi vn hnh thng xuyn phi
o tay pH u ngun nc vo b k kh m bo pH khng vt
ngng cho php. Khi pht hin pH khng t yu cu th ngi vn hnh
tt P1, P2, P3 ct ngun nc khng m bo ch tiu cho cng on x
l sinh hc tip theo v cc vi sinh vt rt nhy cm vi pH, pH nh
hng rt ln n qu trnh to to men v hp th cht dinh dng trong
t bo.
Sau khi trung ha nc c x l tip bng bin php sinh hc
lm sch nc khi cht hu c ha tan v mt s cht v c nh H2S,
cht sunfit, amoni, nit, Phng php ny s dng vi sinh vt phn
hy cc cht hu c gy nhim v chng s dng cht hu c ly dinh
dng sinh trng. Qu trnh ny gi l qu trinh oxy ha sinh ha. y
dng hai phng php l k kh v hiu kh.
Phng php k kh c dng ln men bn cn sinh ra trong qu
trnh x l bng phng php sinh hc hoc nc thi cng nghip cha
hm lng cc cht hu c cao. y l phng php c in nht dng
n nh bn cn, trong cc vi khun k kh phn hy cc cht hu c.
Ty thuc vo sn phm cui cng ngi ta phn loi qu trnh ny thnh:
ln men ru, ln men axit lactic, ln men metanNhng sn phm cui
ca qu trnh ln men l: cn, cc axit, axeton, kh CO2, H2, CH4. Trong
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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cng ngh cc cht kh (biogas) s c thu hi v t nh h thng thu
hi v x l.
Phng php hiu kh l phng php s dng cc nhm vi sinh vt
hiu kh. B hiu kh lun cha cc vi sinh vt hiu kh. Trong cng on
c h thng sc kh bao gm my thi kh B v ng dn kh lm nhim v
cung cp oxi cn thit cho vi khun trong qu trnh phn gii cht hu
c. Kt qua hnh thnh cc bng sinh hc c th lng trng lc u ra ca
b. i vi a s cc sinh vt khong gi tr pH ti u l 6,5 8,5. Nhit
nc thi nh hng rt ln n kh nng hot ng ca vi sinh vt. i
vi a s vi sinh vt nhit nc thi phi t 6 37 C. Ni chung gi
tr DO lun c m bo trong khong cho php nh cng sut khng i
ca my thi kh theo thit k tr trng hp c s c.
Nc thi sau khi c x l ti b hiu kh s trn sang b lng ng.
y dng phng php lng trng lc. Trong nc cha bn hot tnh l
do qu trnh phn gii vi sinh vt b hiu kh cha cc vi sinh vt sng
v cht rn. Mt phn bn a quay li b hiu kh m bo lng vi
sinh vt cn thit. B lng c th tch thit k ln nc c lu
thng trong nhiu gi m bo qu trnh lng. Do my gt bn, bm
ht bn v p bn hot ng lin tc (lun bt gt bn M2, bm ht bn
SP v my p bn D). Cc van tay V4, V5 c m trc cc ch m
nht nh, cc mc m ny do k s vn hnh thc hin nhm cn bng
gia thc n v vi khun hiu kh.

nh gi cng ngh x l:
- Cng ngh c kh nng cho php nc u ra t chun
- Cng ngh cha p dng t ng ha, vic gim st v iu khin c
thc hin th cng dn n tin cy, n nh, an ton thp.
- Hiu qu k thut kinh t cha cao
Yu cu t ra:
Thit k h thng o lng v iu khin t ng (SCADA) cho h thng
trn.

III. NGHIN CU P DNG SCADA VO H THNG X L
NC THI.
1. Tng quan v h thng SCADA trong x l nc thi cng nghip.
SCADA l vit tt ca Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
(iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu). N khng nhng l mt h thng
iu khin y m cn l h thng gim st. H thng SCADA l kt
qu ca s kt hp cht ch gia cng ngh thng tin v v cng ngh t
ng ha. Cc thit b t ng ha y u c kh nng truyn thng v
tham gia vo mng truyn thng cng nghip.
gim st tt c cc hot ng ca h thng t mt trung tm iu
khin cn c mt mng truyn thng truyn tt c cc thng tin thu thp
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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c trong sut h thng. S giao tip trong mng SCADA din ra trn
PROFIBUS vi chun RS485, v phng thc TCP/IP trn mng cp
quang. m bo an ton thng tin khi truyn d liu thng tin lin lc
c thc hin qua mng ni b LAN, khng phi qua mng internet cng
cng.
Mt h thng SCADA bao gm mt hay nhiu my tnh, dng km
vi mt phn mm ng dng thch hp c thnh phn cu trc c bn gm:
Humen Machine Interface (HMI): kt ni ngi dng vi h thng
bng cch s dng mt giao din cho php ngi iu khin h thng tng
tc vi d liu t tt c cc thnh phn ca mng truyn thng.
Central Monitoring Station (CMS): l n v c bn ca h thng
SCADA c nhim v thu thp thng tin t cc trm t xa v a ra cc
hot ng cn thit cho bt k s kin no c pht hin.
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU): thit b u cui t xa, thc hin cc
cng vic x l v iu khin ch thi gian thc. Cc RTU c t
nhiu v tr khc nhau thu thp d liu, iu khin t xa, t iu khin
linh hot h thng v thng bo nh k kt qu v my tnh ch.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): c s dng t ng
ha qu trnh x l nc thi, c thit k vi nhiu u vo v nhiu u
ra.
Communication Infrastructure (CI): kt ni RTC v PLC vi h
thng gim st.
Field Instrumentation (FI): cp n cc thit b c kt ni
vi thit b hoc my mc c iu khin v gim st bi h thng
SCADA. y l b cm bin gim st thng s v truyn ng cho vic
iu khin chnh xc m un ca h thng.
2. Cc chc nng ca SCADA trong x l nc thi cng nghip
2.1. iu chnh t ng
iu chnh t ng l s dng cc thit b t ng tc ng ln
qu trnh cng ngh cn iu khin theo mt ch lm vic nh sn.
Mi qu trnh cng ngh xy ra trong i tng iu chnh c c trng
bi mt hay vi i lng. Mt s i lng c duy tr khng i, mt
s i lng khc c thay i trong gii hn cho trc no .
2.2. Gim st iu khin
Nu iu khin bng tay trc tip ti ch ngi vn hnh c th phi
tip xc vi mi trng c hi, i li kh khn v tn thi gian. Mt khc
nhiu trng hp, v d nh s c hoc mt iu khin t ng, i hi
iu khin tay phi kp thi v ng b, v d nh dng nhanh nhiu my
bm t ti nhiu v tr khc nhau, iu khin cng lc nhiu qu trnh c
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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lin quan h qu vi nhau. lm c iu ny h thng phi c chc
nng iu khin c khong cch, c th l iu khin t Trung tm t cch
dy chuyn cng ngh mt khong cch nht nh (hng chc n hng
trm mt).
iu khin t xa qua mng LAN, WAN cng l mt chc nng
khng th thiu hin nay trong nhiu h thng ni chung v x l nc thi
ni ring. Gim st, iu khin, trao i d liu t xa l nn tng cho vic
xy dng h thng iu hnh sn xut MES (Manufacturing Execution
System) nhm em li hiu qu k thut, kinh t, x hi mt cch ton din.
MES to ra mt cu ni thng sut hai chiu gia khi qun l v sn xut,
gip ti u ha qu trnh sn xut t khu hoch nh k hoch n khu
sn xut ra thnh phm cui cng, cung cp cc chc nng lp k hoch;
qun l nhn lc, thit b, nguyn vt liu; theo di qu trnh sn xut, cht
lng sn phm, s c my mc,....
2.3. Hin th thng s cng ngh
Chc nng ny gip cho vic theo di, gim st cc thng s cht
lng nc, trng thi thit b, s c mt cch thun tin, d hiu i vi
ngi vn hnh. Vic hin th c thit k hp l v mu sc, b tr cc
ca s, kiu th hin. Mu sc khng qu lo lot, dng cc gam mu du
khng gy mi mt khi nhn lu. Cnh bo, bo ng bng i mu v nhp
nhy lin tc gy s ch . Kiu th hin a dng : kiu s ring bit,
kiu bng thng k, kiu th trc tuyn (online trend).
2.4. Cu hnh h thng
Chc nng ny dng t v thay i cc tham s cng ngh cho h
thng SCADA, ch yu l cc gi tr t (setpoint), ngng cnh bo sm,
ngng bo ng. Cc tham s t s c truyn t PC xung thit biu
khin sau li c truyn ngc li PC so snh, nu thy khng trng
nhau th bo ng, tri li chng t rng vic truyn v x l d liu chnh
xc, ng truyn v thit b iu khin khng c s c. Chc nng ny nng
cao an ton (fail-safe) ca h thng.
2.5. Bo v t ng
Bo v h thng my mc, ng ng v cc i tng khc khi cc
s c c thc hin bi cc thit b chuyn dng ngt cc b phn b s
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
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c. Ngoi ra cc thit b cn thc hin chc nng lin ng t ng, cho php
bo v cc thit b my mc khi nguy him do thao tc nhm ln ca ngi
vn hnh. Ta phn bit hai loi lin ng: lin ng s c v lin ng cm
ch. Lin ng s c dng iu khin bo v (v d: iu khin dng) mt
nhm my mc thit b c lin quan khi s c xy ra. Lin ng cm ch loi
tr kh nng iu khin sai, khng ng trnh t c kh nng gy s c.
2.6. Cnh bo/Bo ng
Chc nng c thc hin bng ci, n nhp nhy trn bn iu khin
hoc biu tng nhp nhy trn PC, hin th thng bo dng ch trn PC. H
thng a ra cnh bo khi gi tr thng s vt ngng cnh bo sm hoc
thng s vt ngng bo ng trong giai on qu ca qu trnh iu
khin. Bo ng c a ra khi thng s vt ngng bo ng lin tc trong
khong thi gian nht nh (ln hn thi gian iu chnh ngm nh) hoc bo
ng s c ng truyn, s c thit b iu khin, c cu chp hnh, bo
ng s c cm bin. S khc bit gia cnh bo v bo ng ch: cnh bo
t mt i khi thng s ht vt ngng, tri li bo ng s tn ti cho n
khi ngi vn hnh x l xong s c v t quyt nh xo b trng thi bo
ng. Nh vy mc cn ch ca ngi vn hnh i vi bo ng phi
cao hn cnh bo.
2.7. Lu tr, bo co thng k
Lu tr v lp bo co thng k d liu v thng s cht lng nc,
trng thi hot ng, s c, thi gian hot ng ca my mc thit b, tng
lng nc x l, lng ho cht dng, danh sch ngi vn hnh,
b tham s cng ngh thay i v nhiu thng tin khc cn thit cho cc
chuyn gia cng ngh, k thut v cc nh qun l trong vic iu chnh
t ch lm vic ti u; pht hin, d bo s c; bo tr thay th kp thi
my mc thit b, iu hnh sn xut v tnh ton hiu qu kinh t.
3. Thit k h thng SCADA cho quy trnh x l nc thi cng nghip.
3.1. Phn tch cc quy trnh c th ng dng SCADA
Qua vic phn tch h thng x l nc thi phn II ta nhn thy c
th thit k lp t h thng o lng, iu khin cho h thng x l nc
thi trn cc quy trnh nh sau:
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
13

S dng thit b o T1 o nhit nc thi trc khi vo b cn
bng; T2 o nhit b hiu kh.
S dng thit b o pH1, pH2 o pH ca cht thi trong b trung
ha v pH ca cht thi trc khi vo b k kh.
Thit b o DO o nng xi trong b hiu kh
Thit b o lu lng FL1 o lu lng nc thi t my bm P3 vo
b k kh; FL2 o lu lng kh biogas t b k kh vo h thng thu
hi x l biogas.
khng ch mc nc trong b cn bng ta s dng 2 thit b LV1,
LV2; khng ch mc dung dch NaOH v HCl s dng 2 thit b LV3,
LV4.
S dng 2 bin tn FI1, FI2 iu khin my bm nc P3 v my
bm kh B.
S h thng sau khi p dng SCADA

SP
BN KH
NC THI
T NH MY
B
P1
P2
P3
T1
LV1
LV2
LV3 LV4
pH1
FI1
FL1 pH2
FL2 FI2
T2 D0
B LNG
THI RA SNG H
V1 V2

Hnh 2: p dng SCADA cho quy trnh x l nc thi cng nghip



Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
14


3.2. Tnh ton thng s ca thit b trong h thng

TT Tn thit b Thng s k thut chnh
1 Bm nc P1, P2, P3 Cng sut 5.5 KW
2 Bm bn SP Cng sut 2.2 KW
3 My thi kh B Cng sut 15 KW
4 My khuy M1 Cng sut 2.2 KW; 60 rpm
5 My p bn D Cng sut 15 KW
6 My gt bn M2 Cng sut 5.5 KW; 0.2rpm
7 Bm ho cht DP Cng sut 0.5 KW
8 Van in t V1, V2 Ngun cp 220V AC
9 Thit bo pH1, pH2, T, DO, FL1, FL2 Mc bo v IP65-68
10 Khng ch mc LV1, LV2, LV3, LV4
11 Bin tn FI1 iu khin P3 Cng sut 5.5 KW
12 Bin tn FI2 iu khin B Cng sut 15 KW

Bng 2: Cc thit b trong h thng x l nc thi khi p dng SCADA
3.3. Lu hot ng ca cc qu trnh o lng v iu khin trong x l
nc thi cng nghip.
- iu chnh pH trong b trung ha (hnh 3)
Thit b bao gm bm P2, P3, my khuy DP. Ta ch dng 1 bm
nh lng tit kim chi ph. Khi pH<pH_low (ngng iu khin di
ng van HCl, nu cn NaOH th m van NaOH,tnh lng NaOH cn
thit ri iu khin bm lng cn thit. Bt bm NaOH v my khuy.
Khi pH>pH_hi (ngng iu khin trn) ng van NaOH, nu cn HCl th
m van HCl, tnh lng bm iu khin bm t lng cn, bt bm
HCl v my khuy.


Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
15

Lu hot ng:

Ht NaOH
Ht HCl
pH1<pH_lo
w
pH1>pH_H
i
ng van in t NaOH ng van in t HCl
M van t NaOH
M van t HCl
Bm NaOH (bm DP)
Bt M1
Tnh lng NaOH cn bm
Tt bm DP
Tt M1
ng van t NaOH
ng van t HCl
Tnh lng HCl cn bm
Bm HCl (bm DP)
Bt M1
start
end
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Hnh 3: lu iu chnh pH trong b trung ha
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
16


Trong qu trnh lm vic ch khng c php m c hai van
NaOH v HCl cng lc. Khi mun bm NaOH (hoc HCl) bt buc phi
m van NaOH (HCl) trc, tri li nu van ang ng th khng cho php
bm. y gi l iu kin kha lin ng trnh hng bm. Khi vn hnh
c th chn ch Manual c th quyt nh bt bm ha cht. Thi
gian bm t l thun vi lng ha cht bm vo. Hoc c th dng nm
iu chnh lng ha cht bm vo nh dng bin tn.

- iu khin kha lu ng i vi pH
Khi gi tr pH2 vt ngng, ch manual th ngi vn hnh
s t quyt nh a ra lnh iu khin cho PLC tt cc bm P1, P2, P3.
Nu ch auto th PLC s t ng tt cc bm P1, P2, P3 nu cc kho
lin ng c kho, bm vn hot ng bnh thng. C nhiu kha lin
ng cho php tt mt bm no khi c s c, cng s c nt cho php
bm hot ng tr li sau khi x l s c.
Trong lu bin SC (s c) ch c chng trnh trn PLC cho =
1 duy nht 1 ln khi pH2 vt ngng v chng trnh ch a bin ny v
0 khi tn hiu t nt gii tr s c a v PLC l =1. Cn nu khng th
cho d pH2 sau c khng vt ngng na th bin SC vn duy tr =1
v n bo ng nhp nhy ngi vn hnh bit c c s c no
trong cng on B trung ho, t kim tra xem khu iu khin pH
c vn g khng (v d: hng bm nh lng, hng van in, tc ng
dn ho cht, hng cm bin pH1), v sau khi x l xong th bm gii tr
xo b s c i. Nh vy sau mt khu iu khin no m kim tra
thy thng s iu chnh vn khng t yu cu th phi ngng bt buc
mt s thit b m bo an ton.




Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
17


9. iu khin bm P1 vo b cn bng
Lu iu khin bm P1 vo b cn bng c hin th trn Hnh 5.
ch Auto bm P1 s c iu khin t ng tt/bt theo mc nc trong
b cn bng. ch Manual vic tt/bt P1 hon ton do ngi vn hnh
quyt nh.

Start
LV=LV_low
Bt bm P1
LV=LVHi
end
Tt bm P1
Hnh 5: iu khin bm P1 vo b cn bng

N
Y
Y
N
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
18

- iu chnh DO trong b hiu kh
Lu iu chnh DO c hin th trn Hnh 6 . Thit b o DO s
a gi tr phn hi cho vng iu khin kn trong chng trnh PLC. PLC
s a ra tn hiu iu khin (dng hoc p) cho bin tn cho ng c ca
my thi kh c DO nh mong mun. S dng bin tn s tit kim in
nng nh iu chnh DO va yu cu, tri vi trng hp khng c iu
chnh DO c th qu ln khng cn thit.
Nu DO khng t yu cu th chng t khu iu khin c s c (v
d: hng bin tn, tc ng dn kh, hng ng c) v cn bo ng.















Hnh 6: Lu iu chnh DO trong b hiu kh.
- iu chnh lu lng vo b k kh.
Start
Chn mode
Mode auto
DO_low<DO<DO_hi
iu chnh lu lng
blower
Gi lu lng
blower
iu khin
blower theo yu
cu ngi vn
hnh
END
N
N
Y
Y
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
19

iu chnh lu lng (Hnh 7) ch cn t trc gi tr u vo
(dng hoc p) cho bin tn, trong bin tn tch hp sn b iu khin PID
iu chnh n nh tc ng c bm, nh n nh lu lng theo
gi tr t (setpoint). S dng bin tn s tit kim in v bin tn c sn
chc nng t ng iu chnh cng sut ng c theo ph ti. Nu lu
lng khng t th P1, P2 hoc P3 c s c hoc ng ng c s c v
cn bo ng.















Hnh 7: Lu iu chnh lu lng vo b k kh.



Start
Chn mode
Mode auto
iu khin theo lu
lng t (bin tn)
iu khin lu
lng theo yu
cu ngi vn
hnh
END
N
N
Y
Ly gi tr lu lng t
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
20

N
- iu khin bm bn














Hnh 8: Lu iu khin bm bn








Y
Start
Bt my gt M2
Bt bm bn SP
Chy my p bn D
Chn Mode
iu khin M2, SP v D
theo yu cu ngi
vn hnh.
END
Mode
Auto
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
21


- Cnh bo s c









n CB T1 nhp nhy
n cnh bo lu lng
nc nhp nhy
Khng cnh bo lu lng nc
Khng CB T1
Khng CB DO
n cnh bo pH1 nhp nhy Khng CB pH1
n cnh bo DO nhp nhy
T1>T1_Hi or
T1<T1_low

pH>pH_Hi or
pH<pH_low
FL1>FL1_Hi or
FL1<FL1_LoW
DO>DO_Hi or
DO<DO_low
Start
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
22

















Hnh 9: Lu cnh bo s c
Lu cnh bo s c c hin th trn Hnh 9. Cc cnh bo gm
hai loi: cnh bo vt ngng (pht hin bng cch so snh gi tr thit b
o vi ngng t trc trong chng trnh) v cnh bo theo thit b
khng ch dng tip im (v d: van phao). Trong dy chuyn cng ngh
c cc cnh bo cho cc thng s: T, pH, DO, lu lng, mc nc, ha
cht..
4. La chn thit b v thit k m hnh SCADA
4.1. Cc thnh phn trong h thng SCADA
- Trung tm iu khin
T2>T2_Hi or
T2<T2_low
LV1=1 or
LV2=1

LV3=1 or
LV4=1
n CB T2 nhp nhy Khng CB T2
n CB mc nc nhp nhy Khng CB mc nc
n CB ht ha cht nhp nhy Khng CB ht ha cht
END
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
23

Trung tm iu khin l u no ca ton b h thng. Ti y ton
b cc thng tin o lng t cc thit b o, c cu chp hnh, trng thi
h thng c kim sot cht ch, x l, tnh ton v ra cc lnh iu khin
kp thi, trc tip ti tng i tng iu khin.
Trm iu khin t ng c xy dng trn c s b kh trnh
SIMATIC PLC S7-300 ca hng SIEMENS cho php p ng cc yu cu
la chn cng ngh nu trn ng thi gi thnh phi chng v c kh
nng m rng, nng cp thnh h iu khin d phng mt cch d dng.
- Trm my tnh
Do yu cu lm vic lin tc 24/24 , 7/7 nn Trm my tnh c
xy dng trn c s cc PC cng nghip c bn, tin cy cao. Trm my
tnh bao gm 01 IPC SIMATIC WinCC Server, 01 my IPC SIMATIC
WinCC Client, Switch Module v Router.
- Bn iu khin bng tay
Bn iu khin gip vn hnh h thng trong ch bng tay. Bn
iu khin c thit k gm cc nt n, n hiu v ci bo ng.
- Khi cc thit b o, cm bin, transmitter
Cc u o l loi c chng dng trong x l nc thi vi mc
bo v cao (a phn IP65, IP67 hoc IP68)
- C cu chp hnh (ng c, van in)
Cc ng c, van in t c sn trong h thng.


















Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
24

4.2. M hnh h thng SCADA












Hnh 10: M hnh h thng SCADA
Vic iu khin x l nc thi c tp trung vo mt Trung tm
iu khin t y c th theo di gim st, iu khin ton b dy chuyn.
Trung tm iu khin c th t ngay bn cnh cng trnh cn iu khin
hoc v tr cch xa cng trnh. Ngi vn hnh ti Trung tm phi lm
cc nhim v sau:
- Theo di, kim tra cc thng s v mt cht lng v s lng ca
qu trnh cng ngh
- Theo di cc tn hiu v trng thi, ch lm vic ca thit b, v
cnh bo, bo ng
- Thng qua cc ch s theo di la chn ch lm vic ti u
cho dy chuyn cng ngh.
Ngi vn hnh iu khin h thng thng qua IPC hoc Bn iu
khin. Trm iu khin t ng PLC t trong phng iu khin cch h
MY TNH PLC
BNG IU
KHIN
C CU
CHP
HNH
CM BIN
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
25

thng my tnh v bn iu khin mt khong cch ngn v khng cn phi
theo di thng xuyn trong qu trnh vn hnh. Ton b cc s liu qu
trnh v trng thi h thng cng nh cc cnh bo, bo ng s c th
hin trn my tnh v cc n bo, trn bn iu khin.
Tn hiu t tt c cc nt iu khin tay u i qua PLC, tr nt dng
khn cp STOP. Trn bn iu khin c nt chuyn i gia hai ch :
iu khin t ng (Auto) v iu khin tay (Manual). Ch iu khin
do ngi vn hnh bng tay quyt nh. Khi ngi vn hnh chuyn kho
sang Manual th PLC s khng thc hin cc chc nng iu khin t ng
ca cc khu sau: pH, DO, Flow v ngi vn hnh hon ton ch ng
trong iu khin tay. Cng c th thit k chi tit hn na bng cch thm
03 kho ph cho ba khu iu khin pH, DO, Flow, nu chuyn sang
Manual nhng kho ph no vn m th vn b s chi phi ca iu khin
t ng (trong trng hp ny Manual ch l ch bn t ng). Khi ch
iu khin l Manual tt c cc nt iu khin ON/OFF trn giao din
ngi my (HMI) trn IPC u b v hiu ho. Tuy nhin PLC vn a d
liu v IPC v thc hin cnh bo/bo ng v cho php t cu hnh. Khi
vn hnh h thng trong ch bng tay c th la chn mt s hoc tt
c cc cng on trong h thng s iu khin bng tay (thng qua bn iu
khin bng tay hoc kch hot chut trn my tnh) trong khi cc cng on
cn li vn chy trong ch t ng. i vi cc cng on vn hnh
bng tay, ngi vn hnh st quyt nh vic iu khin cc thit b trong
cng on trong khi PLC mc d khng tham gia trc tip vo qu trnh
iu khin nhng vn gim st cc hot ny v do vy vn m bo cc
chc nng hin th cc gi tro, cnh bo, bo ng s c cho ngi vn
hnh.
Tri li, nu ngi vn hnh vn kho trn bn iu khin sang ch
Auto th cc nt iu khin ON/OFF cc ng c, iu khin lng ho
cht, lu lng nc trn bn iu khin tay u b v hiu ho tr nt
STOP v nt gii tr s c. Khi chuyn ch th n trn bn iu khin
v trn HMI u ng b thay i theo. Khi vn hnh trong ch t ng,
h thng s t ng cp nht s liu t cc u o, nhn bit trng thi lm
vic ca cc thit b, my mc trong h thng v x l, t ng iu khin
cc thit b theo chu trnh cng ngh nh trc. Chu trnh ny c th d
dng thay i cc tham s lm vic, c th can thip, chuyn i sang ch
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
26

vn hnh bng tay d dng cng nh sau c th a tr li v ch
t ng h thng tip tc iu khin chu trnh cng ngh. Vic iu
khin cc thit b c th n gin thng qua chut my tnh.
Tn hiu t tt c cc sensor (u o) v iu khin c cu chp hnh
(bm, van in, my sc, ...) t ti cc khu vc trong dy chuyn c
a tp trung v mt trung tm gim st v iu hnh. Ti y mi din
bin hot ng ca tng i tng c theo di v kim sot cht ch
thng qua bn iu khin v tr gip ca my tnh.
Cc thng s v lu lng nc thi, khng ch mc nc trong cc
b, cht lng nc thi nh pH, nhit , xy ha tan (DO) v tnh trng
hot ng ca cc thit b c cp nht v phng iu khin trung tm v
hin th ln mn hnh my tnh. T y, ngi vn hnh h thng c th
nhn bit mt s thng s quan trng v tnh cht ca nc thi trong tng
h thng x l, hot ng ca cc thit b v c thiu khin chng theo
mong mun.
Cc thng s hot ng ca h thng c ghi lu li trong a cng.
Bo co hng ngy qua cc bng biu c in ra my in gn vi my tnh
nh mt chc nng trong phn mm SCADA ci t.
Mt s qu trnh iu khin t ng c bit trong dy chuyn cng
ngh nh iu chnh pH, lu lng nc c thc hin thng qua cc
khi phn mm chuyn dng s dng cc thut ton iu khin kinh in
(PI, PID) v c th kt hp vi phng php iu khin hin i khc nh
iu khin m, mng nron
4.3. Cc thit b trong h thng SCADA
a. Thit b trong trung tm iu khin, trm my tnh

Bng 3: SIMATIC CPU 315-DP
Tn c im
B nh chng trnh 66K
Thi gian x l 1K lnh 0.3ms
S module m rng max 32
Bit nh 2048
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
27

Giao din truyn thng PROFIBUS DP master/slave, MPI
B thi gian/Bm 128 Timers / 64 Counters
Ngun cung cp 24 VDC


Bng 4 SIMATIC SM 321- 16DI
Tn c im
S lng u vo 16 u vo
in p ngun cp 24V DC (min 20,4 max 28,8V DC)
in p u vo
24V DC T 13 n 30V DC l mc 1 T
30 n +5V DC l mc 0
Dng vo 9 mA
u vo Cch li quang
Tr tn hiu vo 1,2 n 4,8ms
Chiu di cp ni
Cp khng chng nhiu 600m Cp chng
nhiu l 1000m

Bng 5: SIMATIC SM 331-8AI
Tn c im
S lng u vo 8 u vo
in p ngun cp 24V DC
Bo li Thng qua n bo li trn modul
in p cho php i vi
u vo in p
20V
Dng in cho php i
vi u vo dng in
040mA
phn gii n cc: 9/12/14bit Lng cc:
9+S/12+S/14+S
Chiu di cp ni cho php Cp chng nhiu 200 m



Bng 6: SIMATIC SM 322- 16D0
Tn c im
S lng u ra 16 u ra
in p ngun cp 24V DC (min 20,4 max 28,8V DC)
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
28

Dng ra 5 mA
u ra Cch li quang
Tn sut u ra Max 100Hz
Chiu di cp ni Cp khng chng nhiu 600m Cp chng
nhiu l 1000m


Bng 7: SIMATIC SM332-4AO
Tn c im
S lng u vo 8 u vo
in p ngun cp 24V DC
in p u vo
24V DC Mc logic 1 ng vi : 13 30V
Mc logic 0 ng vi : -30 5V
Dng in u vo ng
vi mc logic 1
7 mA
u vo Cch li quang
Tr tn hiu vo 1,2 n 4,8ms
S lng u ra 8 u ra
Dng in u ra
Mc logic 1 : 0.5A ti 600

Mc logic 0
: 0.5 mA
Dng in tng ca cc
u ra
4A
Tn hao cng sut 4.5W
Chiu di cp ni
Cp khng chng nhiu 600m Cp chng
nhiu l 1000m

Bng 8: Cu hnh IPC SIMATIC PC
TT Tn
1 CPU B x l intel
2 RAM 1 Gbyte
3 Card mng c tch hp PROFIBUS-DP/MPI, v Ethernet
4 Hard disk 320 Gbyte
5 Keyboard, mouse, 2 cng UBS, CD-ROM


Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
29

b. Thit b o lng (cm bin + transmitter)
o pH
Transmitter CPM 223-PR0305: Cho php ni vi cc loi u o
CPF81/82. Hin th ti ch vi mn hnh LCD vi 6 loi ngn ng khc
nhau. Hin th cc gi tr o nhit , pH cng mt thi im. Ngoi ra
cn cho php bo ng, cnh bo v iu khin cc thit b ngoi vi .
Bng 9: Cc thng s k thut Transmitter CPM 223-PR0305
Tn c im
S lng knh o 2 (o pH v nhit )
Mn hnh hin th LCD
Tn hiu ra knh
pH v T0


0.4 20mA
Dng bo li 2,4 22mA
phn di ln
nht
700 digits/mA
Di o pH pH -2 16
di cp n
sensor pH
Max.50m
Di o nhit -5 +700C
S lng u ra
kiu Relay
Max .4 (Dng max.2A vi ti cos=1, ti khng
cos=0,4 max.500V)
Khi lng 0,7 Kg
Kch thc 9696145mm
Nhit lm vic -10 +550C
Ngun cp 220VAC
Cp bo v IP65

u o CPF81: Loi u o ny c hai loi l tch hp sensor o
nhit v khng tch hp sensor nhit c thit k o trong mi
trng nc thi cng nghip.




Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
30

Bng 10: Cc thng s k thut u o CPF81
Tn c im
Di o pH 0 14 pH
phn di 0,01 pH
Di o nhit 0 1100C
phn di 0,10C
Cp ni 7 m (Max.200m)
Sensor nhit NTC
Nhit mi
trng
-10 +550C
p sut 10 bar/800C ; 3 bar/+1100C
Cp bo v IP68
Ngun cp Theo ng transmitter

o nng oxi
Transmitter COM 223/253: Cho php ni vi cc loi u o
COS31/41/71. Hin th ti ch vi mn hnh LCD trn hai dng text vi 6
loi ngn ng khc nhau. Hin th cc gi tr o nhit , pH cng mt
thi im. Ngoi ra cn cho php bo ng, cnh bo v iu khin cc
thit b ngoi vi .
Bng 11: Cc thng s k thut Transmitter COM 223/253
Tn c im
S lng knh o 2 (o DO v nhit )
Mn hnh hin th LCD
Tn hiu ra knh
DO v T0


0.4 20mA
Dng bo li 2,4 22mA
phn di ln
nht
700 digits/mA
Di o DO 0 20mg/L
di cp n
u o
Max.100m
Di o nhit -10 +600C
S lng u ra
kiu rle
Max .4 (Dng max.2A vi ti cos=1, ti khng
cos=0,4 max.500V)
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
31

Khi lng 0,7 Kg
Kch thc 9696145mm
Nhit lm vic -10 +550C
Ngun cp 220VAC
Cp bo v IP65

u o COS41: Loi u o ny c hai loi l tch hp sensor o
nhit v khng tch hp sensor nhit c thit k o trong mi
trng nc thi cng nghip.
Bng 12: Cc thng s k thut u o COS41
Tn c im
Di o DO 0 20mg/L
phn gii 0,01 mg/L
Di o nhit 0 500C
Cp ni 7 m (Max.50m)
Sensor nhit NTC
Nhit mi
trng
-5 +500C
p sut Max.10 bar
Cp bo v IP68
Ngun cp Theo ng transmitter

Bng 13: Thit b o lu lng nc SmartScan50

Tn c im
Hng SX SolidAT
Khong o su 0.4 12 m
chnh xc 0.2%
phn gii 1mm
Hin th LCD
Cp bo v IP65
Tn hiu ra 0.4 20 mA
u o Transducer
Nhit -40 90 C

c. Thit b chp hnh
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
32

Bng 14 Thng s bin tn Commander SE ca hng Control Techniques
Tn thng s Gi tr
Ngun cp 3 pha 220-240V 10%, 48-62Hz
H s cos > 0.97
Cng sut ng c - kW 5.5
Tn s ra 0 - 1000Hz
Dng qu ti 150% trong
vng 60s - A
37.5

Tn thng s Gi tr
Ngun cp 3 pha 220-240V 10%, 48-62Hz
H s cos > 0.97
Cng sut ng c - kW 15
Tn s ra 0 - 1000Hz
Dng qu ti 150% trong
vng 60s - A
45.75




4.4. Thit k phn mm SCADA
Chng trnh gim st, iu khin c pht trin trn nn SIMATIC
WinCC V7.0 ca hng SIEMENS. SIMATIC WinCC (Windows Control
Center) l phn mm giao din ngi-my (HMI Human Machine Interface)
da trn my tnh PC v c chy trn nn Windows. WinCC c thit k
cho php theo di trc quan v qu trnh hot ng v x l ca h thng t
ng cng nh h tr mnh v x l giao din. WinCC c c im chnh sau:
X l tin cy v m bo tnh ton vn d liu thng qua chc nng d
phng (redundancy) m rng (Add-On) ca cc hng th ba.
- Chc nng m rng nh c tch hp thnh phn ActiveX
- H thng giao tip m thng qua OPC (OLE cho iu khin qu trnh)
- D dng cu hnh thng qua phn mm SIMATIC STEP7.
- Kh nng cu hnh ni vi nhiu my tnh theo m hnh Client-Server.
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
33

- D dng pht trin nh cc cng c, th vin tu chn (options) v cc thnh
phn

4.4.1. Mn hnh iu khin h thng


4.4.2. Phn lp trnh cho cc qu trnh trong h thng
Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
34

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
35

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
36

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
37

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
38

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
39

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
40

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
41

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
42

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
43

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
44

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
45

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
46

Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
47














Thit k h thng o lng iu khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip
48

C. KT LUN

Qua vic tm hiu v thc hin ti Thit k h thng o lng iu
khin trong x l nc thi cng nghip. Chng em c c s hiu bit
nht nh v quy trnh cng ngh x l nc thi cng nghip cng nh cch
thit k ng dng SCADA vo quy trnh x l nc thi.
Mt ln na chng em mong c s gp v nhn xt ca thy c
gio v cc bn nhm em c th hon thin n cng nh kin thc ca
mnh hn na c th ng dng vo thc tin cuc sng.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Bi ng Thnh lun
to iu kin gip chng em trong qa trnh lm n !!!


..