Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 2, Solution 1.

(a)

(b)

We measure: R = 37 lb, = 76

R = 37 lb 76

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.


(a)

(b)

We measure: R = 57 lb, = 86

R = 57 lb 86




(a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

We measure:
R = 10.5 kN
= 22.5

R = 10.5 kN

22.5




(a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

We measure:

R = 5.4 kN

= 12

R = 5.4 kN

12

We measure:

R = 5.4 kN

= 12

R = 5.4 kN

12



Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

(a)
sin

=
sin 45

150 N 200 N

sin = 0.53033

= 32.028

+ + 45 = 180

(b) Using the Law of Sines

= 103.0

F
bb
sin

200 N

=
sin 45

F
bb
= 276 N




(a)
sin

=
sin 45

(b)
120 N 200 N

sin = 0.42426

= 25.104

+ 45 + 25.104 = 180

= 109.896

Using the Law of Sines

F
aa
=
200 N

or = 25.1
sin sin 45

F
aa
=
200 N

sin109.896 sin 45

or F
aa
= 266 N




Using the triangle rule and the Law of Cosines,
Have: = 180 45
= 135

Then:

R
2
= (900)
2
+ (600)
2
2 (900) (600) cos 135

or R = 1390.57 N

Using the Law of Sines,
600
sin

=
1390.57
sin135

or = 17.7642

and = 90 17.7642

= 72.236

(a)

= 72.2

(b) R = 1.391 kN



By trigonometry: Law of Sines

F
2

sin

=
R

sin 38

=
30
sin

= 90 28 = 62, = 180 62 38 = 80

Then:

F
2
=

sin 62

R
sin 38

=
30 lb
sin 80

or (a)
(b)

F
2
= 26.9 lb

R = 18.75 lb



Using the Law of Sines

F
1

sin

=
R

sin 38

=
20 lb
sin

= 90 10 = 80, = 180 80 38 = 62

Then:

F
1

sin 80

=
R

sin 38

=
20 lb
sin 62

or (a)

F
1
= 22.3 lb

(b) R = 13.95 lb



Using the Law of Sines:
60 N
=

sin
80 N
sin10

or = 7.4832

= 180 (10 + 7.4832)

= 162.517

Then:

R
=

sin162.517

80 N
sin10

or R = 138.405 N
(a)
(b)

= 7.48

R = 138.4 N




Have:

= 180 (35 + 25)

Then:

P
sin 35
= 120

=
R

sin120

=
80 lb
sin 25

or (a) P = 108.6 lb

(b) R = 163.9 lb




(a) Have:
80 lb
=

sin

70 lb
sin 35

sin = 0.65552

= 40.959

(b)

= 180 (35 + 40.959)

= 104.041
or = 41.0

Then:
R
=

sin104.041
70 lb
sin 35

or R = 118.4 lb




We observe that force P is minimum when = 90.

Then:
(a)

And:
(b)

P = (80 lb )sin 35

R = (80 lb ) cos 35

or P = 45.9 lb

or R = 65.5 lb



For T
BC
to be a minimum,

R and T
BC

Thus

And

must be perpendicular.
T
BC
= (70 N ) sin 4
= 4.8829 N
R = (70 N ) cos 4
= 69.829 N

(a) T
BC
= 4.88 N

6.00
(b) R = 69.8 N


\ .


Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines

We have:

Then:

or

= 180 (15 + 30)

= 135

R
2
= (15 lb )
2
+ ( 25 lb )
2
2 (15 lb ) ( 25 lb) cos135

= 1380.33 lb
2

R = 37.153 lb

and

25 lb
sin

=
37.153 lb
sin135

sin =
|
25 lb
|
sin135

37.153 lb
|

= 0.47581

= 28.412

Then: + + 75 = 180

= 76.588

R = 37.2 lb 76.6




Using the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines,

R
2
= ( 45 lb)
2
+ (15 lb )
2
2 ( 45 lb ) (15 lb) cos135

or R = 56.609 lb

56.609 lb
=
15 lb

sin135 sin

or = 10.7991

R = 56.6 lb 85.8




= 180 25 50

= 105

Using the Law of Cosines:

R
2
= (5 kN )
2
+ (8 kN )
2
2 (5 kN ) (8 kN ) cos105

or R = 10.4740 kN

Using the Law of Sines:

10.4740 kN
=
8 kN

sin105 sin

or = 47.542

and = 47.542 25

= 22.542

R = 10.47 kN 22.5


\ .



We have:
Then:

= 180 ( 45 + 25) = 110

R
2
= (30 kN )
2
+ ( 20 kN )
2
2 (30 kN ) ( 20 kN ) cos110

= 1710.42 kN
2

R = 41.357 kN

and

20 kN
sin

=
41.357 kN

sin110

sin =
|
20 kN
|
sin110

41.357 kN
|

= 0.45443

= 27.028

Hence: = + 45 = 72.028

R = 41.4 kN 72.0


\ .



We have:
Then:

= 180 ( 45 + 25) = 110

R
2
= (30 kN )
2
+ ( 20 kN )
2
2 (30 kN ) ( 20 kN ) cos110

= 1710.42 kN
2

R = 41.357 kN

and

20 kN
sin

=
41.357 kN

sin110

sin =
|
20 kN
|
sin110

41.357 kN
|

= 0.45443

= 27.028

Hence: = + 45 = 72.028

R = 41.4 kN 72.0


\ .



We have:
Then:

= 180 ( 45 + 25) = 110

R
2
= (30 kN )
2
+ ( 20 kN )
2
2 (30 kN ) (20 kN ) cos110

= 1710.42 kN
2

R = 41.357 kN

and

30 kN
sin

=
41.357 kN

sin110

sin =
|
30 kN
|
sin110

41.357 kN
|

= 0.68164

= 42.972

Finally: = + 45 = 87.972

R = 41.4 kN 88.0

=
=
y


2.4 kN Force: F
x
= ( 2.4 kN ) cos 50

F =

F
x
= 1.543 kN

1.85 kN Force:

F
x
= (1.85 kN ) cos 20
y
(2.4 kN ) sin 50

F 1.839 kN

y

F
x
= 1.738 kN

F =

1.40 kN Force:

F
x
= (1.40 kN ) cos 35
y
(1.85 kN ) sin 20

F 0.633 kN

y

F
x
= 1.147 kN

F =
y
(1.40 kN ) sin 35

F = 0.803 kN



5 kips: F
x
= (5 kips ) cos 40

or F
x
= 3.83 kips

F =
y
(5 kips )sin 40

F =

7 kips:

F
x
= (7 kips ) cos 70
or
y
3.21 kips

or F
x
= 2.39 kips

F =
y
(7 kips ) sin 70

F =

9 kips:

F
x
= (9 kips ) cos 20
or
y
6.58 kips

F =

or F
x
= 8.46 kips
y
(9 kips )sin 20

F =

or
y
3.08 kips




Determine the following distances:

d
OA
= ( 160 mm )
2
+ (300 mm )
2

= 340 mm

d
OB
=

(600 mm )
2
+ ( 250 mm )
2

= 650 mm

d
OC
=

(600 mm )
2
+ ( 110 mm )
2

( 160 mm )

= 610 mm
680 N Force: F
x
= 680 N

340 mm

(300 mm )

F
x
= 320 N

390 N Force:
F
y
= 680 N

F
x
= 390 N

340 mm

(600 mm )
650 mm

( 250 mm )

F
y
= 600 N

F
x
= 360 N
F
y
= 390 N

650 mm

610 N Force:

F
x
= 610 N

(600 mm )
610 mm

( 110 mm )

F
y
= 150 N

F
x
= 600 N
F
y
= 610 N

610 mm

F
y
= 110 N


2 2

2 2

2 2



We compute the following distances:

OA =

OB =
( 48)

(56)
+ (90)

+ (90)

= 102 in.

= 106 in.

OC =

(80) + (60)

= 100 in.

Then:

204 lb Force:

F = (204 lb)
48
,

F = 96.0 lb

x
102
x

F = + (204 lb )
90
,

F = 180.0 lb

y

212 lb Force:

102
y

F = + (212 lb )
56
,

F = 112.0 lb

x
106

F = + ( 212 lb )
90
,

x

F = 180.0 lb

y

400 lb Force:

106
y

F = ( 400 lb)
80
,

F = 320 lb

x
100
x

F = ( 400 lb )
60
,

F = 240 lb

y
100
y


=


(a)

P
P =
y

sin 35

960 N

=
sin 35

P

or P = 1674 N
(b) P
y

x
tan 35

960 N

=
tan 35

or P
x
= 1371 N




(a) P =
P
x

cos 40

P =
30 lb
cos 40

or P = 39.2 lb

(b) P
y
= P
x
tan 40

P
y
= (30 lb ) tan 40

or P
y
= 25.2 lb




(a) P
y
= 100 N

P =
P
y

sin 75

P =
100 N

sin 75

(b)

P
x
=

P
y

tan 75
or P = 103.5 N

P =
100 N

x
tan 75

or P
x
= 26.8 N




We note:

CB exerts force P on B along CB, and the horizontal component of P is P
x
= 260 lb.

Then:

(a) P
x
= P sin 50

P =
P
x

sin 50

=
260 lb
sin 50

= 339.40 lb P = 339 lb

(b) P
x
= P
y
tan 50

P
y
=

=
P
x

tan 50

260 lb
tan 50

= 218.16 lb P
y
= 218 lb




(a) P =
45 N

cos 20

or P = 47.9 N

(b) P
x
= ( 47.9 N ) sin 20

or P
x
= 16.38 N




(a) P =
18 N

sin 20

or P = 52.6 N

(b) P =
18 N

y
tan 20


or P
y
= 49.5 N


From the solution to Problem 2.21:
F
2.4
= (1.543 kN ) i + (1.839 kN ) j
F
1.85
= (1.738 kN ) i + (0.633 kN ) j
F
1.40
= (1.147 kN ) i (0.803 kN ) j
R = F = ( 4.428 kN ) i + (1.669 kN ) j

R = ( 4.428 kN )
2
+ (1.669 kN )
2

= 4.7321 kN

tan =
1.669 kN

4.428 kN

= 20.652

R = 4.73 kN 20.6


7.02
|




F
5
= (3.83 kips ) i + (3.21 kips ) j

F
7
= ( 2.39 kips ) i + (6.58 kips ) j

F
9
= (8.46 kips ) i + (3.08 kips ) j

R = F = (7.02 kips ) i + (12.87) j

R = ( 7.02 kips )
2
+ (12.87 kips )
2
= 14.66 kips

= tan
1
| 12.87 |
= 61.4

\ .

R = 14.66 kips 61.4




F
OA
= ( 48.0 lb) i + (90.0 lb) j
F
OB
= (112.0 lb ) i + (180.0 lb ) j
F
OC
= (320 lb) i ( 240 lb) j
R = F = ( 256 lb) i + (30 lb ) j

R = ( 256 lb )
2
+ (30 lb )
2

= 257.75 lb

tan =

30 lb
256 lb

= 6.6839

R = 258 lb 6.68



From Problem 2.23:

F
OA
= (320 N ) i + (600 N ) j
F
OB
= (360 N ) i + (150 N ) j
F
OC
= (600 N ) i (110 N ) j
R = F = (640 N ) i + (640 N ) j

R = (640 N )
2
+ (640 N )
2

= 905.097 N

tan =
640 N

640 N

= 45.0

R = 905 N 45.0




Cable BC Force:

F = (145 lb)
84

= 105 lb

x
116

F = (145 lb )
80

= 100 lb

100-lb Force:
y
116

F = (100 lb )
3
= 60 lb

x
5

F = (100 lb)
4
= 80 lb

y
5
156-lb Force:
F = (156 lb)
12
= 144 lb

x
13

F = (156 lb )
5

= 60 lb

and
y
13

R
x
= F
x
= 21 lb,

R
y
= F
y

= 40 lb

Further:
R = ( 21 lb )
2
+ ( 40 lb )
2

tan =
40

21
= tan
1
40
= 62.3

21

= 45.177 lb
Thus: R = 45.2 lb 62.3



(a) Since R is to be horizontal, R
y
= 0

Then, R
y
= F
y
= 0

90 lb + (70 lb ) sin (130 lb) cos = 0

(13) cos = (7 ) sin + 9

13 1 sin
2

Squaring both sides:
= (7) sin + 9
169
(
1 sin
2

)
= ( 49) sin
2
+ (126) sin + 81

( 218) sin
2
+ (126) sin 88 = 0

Solving by quadratic formula: sin = 0.40899

(b) Since R is horizontal, R = R
x

Then, R = R
x
= F
x

F
x
= (70) cos 24.142 + (130 )sin 24.142

or = 24.1

or R = 117.0 lb




300-N Force:

F
x
= (300 N ) cos 20 = 281.91 N

400-N Force:

F
y
= (300 N ) sin 20 = 102.61 N

F
x
= ( 400 N ) cos 85 = 34.862 N

600-N Force:

F
y
= ( 400 N ) sin 85 = 398.48 N

F
x
= (600 N ) cos 5 = 597.72 N

and

F
y
= (600 N ) sin 5 = 52.293 N

R
x
= F
x
= 914.49 N

R
y
= F
y
= 448.80 N

R = (914.49 N )
2
+ ( 448.80 N )
2

= 1018.68 N

Further:

tan =
448.80

914.49

= tan
1
448.80
= 26.1

914.49

R = 1019 N 26.1




F
x
:

R
x
= F
x

R
x
= (600 N ) cos 50 + (300 N ) cos 85 (700 N ) cos 50

R
x
= 38.132 N

F
y
:

R
y
= F
y

R
y
= (600 N ) sin 50 + (300 N ) sin 85 + (700 N ) sin 50

R
y
= 1294.72 N

R = ( 38.132 N )
2
+ (1294.72 N )
2

R = 1295 N

tan =
1294.72 N

38.132 N

= 88.3

R = 1.295 kN 88.3



We have:

R = F

=
84
T

+
12
(156 lb)
3
(100 lb )

x x
116
BC
13 5

or

and
R
x
= 0.72414T
BC
+ 84 lb

R = F

=
80
T

5
(156 lb)
4
(100 lb )

y y
116
BC
13 5

R
y
= 0.68966T
BC
140 lb

(a) So, for R to be vertical,

R
x
= 0.72414T
BC
+ 84 lb = 0

T
BC

= 116.0 lb

(b) Using

T
BC

= 116.0 lb

R = R
y

= 0.68966 (116.0 lb ) 140 lb = 60 lb

R = R

= 60.0 lb




(a) Since R is to be vertical, R
x
= 0

Then, R
x
= F
x
= 0

(600 N ) cos + (300 N ) cos ( + 35) (700 N ) cos = 0

Expanding: 3(cos cos 35 sin sin 35) cos = 0

cos 35

| 1 |

Then:

|

tan =
\
3
.

sin 35

= 40.265

= 40.3

(b) Since R is vertical, R = R
y

Then: R = R
y
= F
y

R = (600 N ) sin 40.265 + (300 N ) sin 75.265 + (700 N ) sin 40.265

R = 1130 N

R = 1.130 kN



Selecting the x axis along aa, we write

R
x
= F
x
= 300 N + ( 400 N ) cos + (600 N ) sin

(1)

R
y
= F
y
= ( 400 N ) sin (600 N ) cos (2)

(a) Setting R
y
= 0 in Equation (2):

Thus

tan =
600
= 1.5

400

= 56.3

(b) Substituting for in Equation (1):

R
x
= 300 N + ( 400 N ) cos 56.3 + (600 N ) sin 56.3

R
x
= 1021.11 N

R = R
x
= 1021 N




(a) Require R
y
= F
y
= 0:

(900 lb ) cos 25 + (1200 lb) sin 35 T
AE
sin 65 = 0

(b)

R = F
x

or T
AE
= 1659.45 lb

T
AE
= 1659 lb

R = (900 lb) sin 25 (1200 lb ) cos 35 (1659.45 lb ) cos 65

R = 2060 lb




Free-Body Diagram Force Triangle

Law of Sines:

F
AC
sin 25

=
T
BC

sin 60

=
400 lb
sin 95

(a)

(b)

F
AC
=

T
BC
=
400 lb
sin 25 = 169.691 lb
sin 95

400
sin 60 = 347.73 lb
sin 95

F
AC
= 169.7 lb

T
BC
= 348 lb


CB
21
|
5
| CA



Free-Body Diagram:

F
x
= 0:
4
T +
21
T = 0

5
CA
29
CB

or T =
| 29 | | 4 |
T

\ . \ .

3 20

F
y
= 0:
5
T
CA
+

29
T
CB

(3 kN ) = 0

Then
3
T +
20
|
29

4
T

|
(3 kN ) = 0

5
CA

29

21 5

CA |

\ .

or T
CA
= 2.2028 kN

(a)

(b)
T
CA
= 2.20 kN

T
CB
= 2.43 kN


\ .
C


Free-Body Diagram:

F
y
= 0: F
B
sin 50 + F
C
sin 70 = 0

sin 50
( )

F
C
=
sin 70
F
B

F
x
= 0: F
B
cos 50 F
C
cos 70 + 940 N = 0

| sin 50 |(

F cos 50 + cos 70 = 940

B
sin 70
|(

F
B
= 1019.96 N

F =
sin 50
(1019.96 N )

sin 70

or F
C
= 831 N

F
B
= 1020 N



Free-Body Diagram:

F
x
= 0: T
AB
cos 25 T
AC
cos 40 + (70 lb ) cos10 = 0

(1)

F
y
= 0:

T
AB
sin 25 T
AC
sin 40 + (70 lb ) sin10 = 0

(2)

Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously:

(a) T
AB
= 38.6 lb

(b) T
AC
= 44.3 lb



Free-Body Diagram:

(a) F
x
= 0:

T
AB
cos 30 + R cos 65 = 0

F
y
= 0:
R =
cos 30
T

cos 65
AB

T
AB
sin 30 + R sin 65 (550 N ) = 0

T
|
sin 30 +
cos 30
sin 65
|
550 = 0

AB

cos 65
|

\ .

(b)

R =
cos 30
( 450 N )

cos 65
or T
AB
= 405 N

or R = 830 N


24
|



Free-Body Diagram At B:

F = 0:

12
T

+
17
T = 0

x
13
BA
293
BC

or T
BA
= 1.07591 T
BC

5 2

F
y
= 0:

T
BA
+
13
T
BC
300 N = 0
293

T =
|
300
5
T

|
293
BC

13
BA |
2

\ .

T
BC
= 2567.6 3.2918T
BA

T
BC
= 2567.6 3.2918 (1.07591T
BC
)

or T
BC
= 565.34 N

Free-Body Diagram At C:

F = 0:

17
T

+
24
T = 0

x
293
BC
25
CD

T
CD
=
17
293

(565.34 N )
| 25 |
\ .

T
CD
= 584.86 N

F = 0:

2
T

+
7
T

W = 0

y
293
BC
25
CD C

W
C
=

2
293

(565.34 N ) +

7
(584.86 N )

25

or W
C
= 97.7 N




Free-Body Diagram:

F
x
= 0:

F
y
= 0:

8 kips + 15 kips T
D
cos 40 = 0

T
D
= 9.1378 kips

(9.1378 kips ) sin 40 T
C
= 0

T
D
= 9.14 kips

T
C
= 5.87 kips


=


Free-Body Diagram:

F 0:

y

9 kips + T
D
sin 40 = 0

T
D
= 14.0015 kips

F
x
= 0:

T
D
= 14.00 kips

6 kips + T
B
(14.0015 kips ) cos 40 = 0

T
B
= 16.73 kips

T
B
= 16.73 kips


=


Free-Body Diagram:

F
x
= 0: F
C
+ (2.3 kN ) sin15 (2.1 kN ) cos15 = 0

or

F
C
= 1.433 kN

F 0:

y

F
D
( 2.3 kN ) cos15 + (2.1 kN )sin15 = 0

or F
D
= 1.678 kN


=


Free-Body Diagram:

F
x
= 0: F
B
cos15 + 2.4 kN + (1.9 kN )sin15 = 0

or F
B
= 2.9938 kN

F
B
= 2.99 kN

F 0:

y

F
D
(1.9 kN ) cos15 + ( 2.9938 kN )sin15 = 0

F
D
= 1.060 kN




From Similar Triangles we have:

L
2
( 2.5 m )
2
= (8 L )
2
(5.45 m )
2

6.25 = 64 16 L 29.7025

And

or

cos =

L = 2.5342 m

5.45 m
8 m 2.5342 m

or = 4.3576

Then

cos =
2.5 m
2.5342 m

or = 9.4237

F
x
= 0:

T
ABC
cos (35 N ) cos + T
ABC
cos = 0

F
y
= 0:

or T =
( 35) cos 9.4237

ABC
cos 4.3576 cos 9.4237

T
ABC
= 3255.9 N

T
ABC
sin + (35 N ) sin + T
ABC
sin W = 0
sin 9.4237 (3255.9 N + 35 N ) + (3255.9 N ) sin 4.3576 W = 0

or W = 786.22 N

(a)

(b)
W = 786 N

T
ABC
= 3.26 kN




From Similar Triangles we have:

L
2
(3 m )
2
= (8 L )
2
( 4.95 m )
2

9 = 64 16 L 24.5025

or L = 3.0311 m

Then

cos =
4.95 m
8 m 3.0311 m

or = 4.9989

And

cos =
3 m
3.0311 m

or

(a)
= 8.2147

F
x
= 0:

T
ABC
cos T
DE
cos + T
ABC
cos = 0

or T
DE

=
cos cos

cos

T
ABC

F
y
= 0:

T
ABC
sin + T
DE
sin + T
ABC
sin (720 N ) = 0

| cos cos | (

T sin + sin + sin = 720

ABC

cos
| (

Substituting for and gives
\ .

T =
(720) cos

ABC
sin
(
+
)

(720) cos 8.2147

T
ABC
=
sin (8.2147 + 4.9989)

T
ABC
= 3117.5 N

(b)

T
DE
or

=
cos 4.9989 cos 8.2147
(3117.5 N )

cos 8.2147
T
ABC
= 3.12 kN

T
DE
= 20.338 N

or

T
DE
= 20.3 N





3 15 15

F
x
= 0:
5
T
AC

+
17
T
BC

(
150 lb
)
= 0
17

or
17
T

+ 5T

= 750

(1)

5
AC BC

4 8 8

F
y
= 0:
5
T
AC
+
17
T
BC

(
150 lb
)
190 lb = 0
17

or
17
T

+ 2T

= 1107.5

(2)

5
AC BC

Then adding Equations (1) and (2)

7 T
BC
= 1857.5

or T
BC
= 265.36 lb

Therefore (a) T
AC
= 169.6 lb

(b) T
BC
= 265 lb





3 15 15

F
x
= 0:
5
T
AC

+
17
T
BC

(
150 lb
)
= 0
17
or
17
T

+ 5T

= 750

(1)

4 8 8

5
AC BC

F
y
= 0:
5
T
AC
+
17
T
BC

(
150 lb
)
W = 0
17
or
17
T

+ 2T

= 300 +
17
W

(2)

5
AC BC
4

Adding Equations (1) and (2) gives

7 T
BC
= 1050 +
17
W

4

or T
BC
= 150 +
17
W

28

Using Equation (1)

17
T

+ 5
|
150 +
17
W
|
= 750

5
AC

28
|

\ .
or T =
25
W

AC
28

Now for

T 240 lb

or

or

T
AC

T
BC
: 240 =
25
W

28
W = 269 lb

: 240 = 150 +
17
W

28
W = 148.2 lb

Therefore 0 W

148.2 lb


2 2



Free-Body Diagram At A:
First note from geometry:

The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AD are in the ratio 12:35:37.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AC are in the ratio 3:4:5.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AB are also in the ratio
12:35:37.

Then:

or
and

F
x
= 0:

4 35 12

5
(3W ) +
37
(W ) +
37
F
s
= 0

F
s
= 4.4833W

F =

3 12

W + W

35

+ F =

Then:
y
0:
5
(3 )
37
( )
37
s

400 N 0

or
and
or

(a)

3 12 35

5
(3W ) +
37
(W ) +
37
( 4.4833W ) 400 N = 0

W = 62.841 N

F
s
= 281.74 N

W = 62.8 N

(b) Have spring force
Where
and

F
s
= k ( L
AB
L
O
)

F
AB
= k
AB
( L
AB
L
O
)

L
AB
=

(0.360 m ) + (1.050 m )

= 1.110 m

So:

L
O
= 758 mm

281.74 N = 800 N/m (1.110 L
O
) m

or




Free-Body Diagram At A:

First Note ...

With

L
AB
=

( 22 in.)
2
+ (16.5 in.)
2

L
AB
= 27.5 in.

L
AD
=

(30 in.)
2
+ (16 in.)
2

Then

L
AD
= 34 in.
F
AB
= k
AB
( L
AB
L
O
)
= (9 lb/in.) ( 27.5 in. 22.5 in.)
= 45 lb
F
AD
= k
AD
( L
AD
L
O
)
= (3 lb/in.) (34 in. 22.5 in.)
= 34.5 lb

4 7 15

(a) F
x
= 0:
(
45 lb
)
+
5 25
T
AC
+
(
34.5 lb
)
= 0
17
or T
AC
= 19.8529 lb

T
AC
= 19.85 lb

3 24 8

(b)

F
y
= 0:

( 45 lb ) +

(19.8529 lb ) +

(34.5 lb) W = 0

5 25 17

W = 62.3 lb




(a) For T
AB
to be a minimum

T
AB
must be perpendicular to T
AC

+ 10 = 60

or = 50.0 W

(b) Then T
AB
= (70 lb ) sin 30

or T
AB
= 35.0 lb W




Note: In problems of this type, P may be directed along one of the cables, with T = T
max
in that cable and
T = 0 in the other, or P may be directed in such a way that T is maximum in both cables. The second
possibility is investigated first.


Force triangle is isoceles with 2 = 180 85

= 47.5

P = 2 (900 N ) cos 47.5 = 1216 N

Force Triangle

Since P > 0,

solution is correct

(a)

P = 1216 N

= 180 55 47.5 = 77.5

(b)

= 77.5




Note: Refer to Note in Problem 2.60


Force Triangle

(a) Law of Cosines

P
2
= (1400 N )
2
+ (700 N )
2
2 (1400 N ) (700 N ) cos 85

or P = 1510 N

(b) Law of Sines

sin

=
sin 85

1400 N 1510 N

sin = 0.92362

= 67.461

= 180 55 67.461

or = 57.5


2
2


F
x
= 0:

2T
x
1200 N = 0

T
x
= 600 N

T + T

= T
2

(
x
) ( y )

600 N
2
+ T

2
= 870 N
2

( ) ( y
) ( )

T
y
= 630 N

By similar triangles:

AC
=
1.8 m

870 N 630 N

AC = 2.4857 m

L = 2( AC)

L = 2 ( 2.4857 m )

L = 4.97 m

L = 4.97 m




T
BC

must be perpendicular to F
AC

to be as small as possible.

Free-Body Diagram: C Force Triangle is a Right Triangle

(a) We observe:

(b)

T
BC

= ( 400 lb) sin 60
= 55
= 55

or T
BC

= 346.41 lb

T
BC

= 346 lb




At Collar A ... Have

For stretched length

L
AB
=
F
s
= k ( L
AB
L
AB
)

(12 in.)
2
+ (16 in.)
2

For unstretched length
L
AB
= 20 in.

Then
L
AB
= 12 2 in.

F
s
= 4 lb/in.
(
20 12 2
)
in.

For the collar ...
F
s
= 12.1177 lb

F
y
= 0

W +
4
(12.1177 lb) = 0

5

W = 9.69 lb


2

2



At Collar A ...

F

y

9 lb +

= 0:

h

F
s
= 0

12
2
+ h
2

or hF
s
= 9 144 + h

Now F
s
= k ( L
AB
L
AB
)

Where the stretched length

L
AB
=

(12 in.)
2
+ h
2

L
AB
= 12 2 in.

Then

hF
s
= 9 144 + h

Becomes h 3
lb/in.
(
144 + h
2
12 2
)

= 9 144 + h
2

or ( h 3)

Solving Numerically ...
144 + h
2
= 12 2 h

h = 16.81 in.




Free-Body Diagram: B
(a) Have:

T
BD
+ F
AB
+ T
BC
= 0

where magnitude and direction of T
BD

of F
AB
is known.

Then, in a force triangle:

are known, and the direction

By observation, T
BC

is minimum when

= 90.0

(b) Have T
BC
= (310 N )sin (180 70 30)

= 305.29 N

T
BC

= 305 N





With 2 + 75 = 180

= 52.5

Since T
AB
= T
BC
= 140 lb, Force triangle is isosceles:

Then = 90 52.5 30

= 7.50

P

2
= (140 lb) cos 52.5

P = 170.453 lb

P = 170.5 lb

7.50


F

3

3

y
2

y
y
y


Free-Body Diagram of Pulley

(a)
F = 0: 2T (280 kg ) (
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 0

1

T =
2
( 2746.8 N )

T = 1373 N

(b)

y
= 0: 2T (280 kg )
(
9.81 m/s
)
= 0

1

T =
2
( 2746.8 N )

T = 1373 N

(c)

(d)
F = 0: 3T (280 kg )
(
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 0

T =
1
( 2746.8 N )

F = 0: 3T (280 kg ) (
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 0

T =
1
( 2746.8 N )

T = 916 N

T = 916 N

F = 0: 4T ( 280 kg )
(
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 0

1

(e) T =
4
(2746.8 N )

T = 687 N


3

y
y


(b)

F = 0: 3T (280 kg ) (
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 0

T =
1
( 2746.8 N )

T = 916 N

(d)

F = 0: 4T (280 kg ) (
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 0

1

T =
4
( 2746.8 N )

T = 687 N




(a) F
x
= 0: T
ACB
(cos 30 cos 50) (800 N ) cos 50 = 0

Hence

T
ACB
= 2303.5 N

T
ACB
= 2.30 kN

(b) F
y
= 0: T
ACB
(sin 30 + sin 50) + (800 N ) sin 50 Q = 0

(2303.5 N ) (sin 30 + sin 50) + (800 N )sin 50 Q = 0

or Q = 3529.2 N

Q = 3.53 kN




Free-Body Diagram: Pulley C

F
x
= 0:

or
T
ACB
(cos 30 cos 50) P cos 50 = 0

P = 0.34730T
ACB

(1)

F = T + + P =
y
0:
ACB
(sin 30 sin 50 )

sin 50 2000 N 0

or 1.26604T
ACB
+ 0.76604P = 2000 N

(a) Substitute Equation (1) into Equation (2):

1.26604T
ACB
+ 0.76604 (0.34730T
ACB
) = 2000 N

(2)

Hence: T
ACB
= 1305.41 N

(b) Using (1)

P = 0.34730 (1305.41 N ) = 453.37 N
T
ACB
= 1305 N

P = 453 N




First replace 30 lb forces by their resultant Q:

Equivalent loading at A:

Law of Cosines:

Q = 2 (30 lb) cos 25

Q = 54.378 lb

(120 lb )
2
= (100 lb )
2
+ (54.378 lb )
2
2 (100 lb) (54.378 lb) cos (125 ) cos (125 ) = 0.132685

This gives two values: 125 = 97.625

= 27.4

125 = 97.625

= 223

Thus for R < 120 lb:

27.4 < < 223



(a) F
x
= (950 lb) sin 50 cos 40

= 557.48 lb

F
x
= 557 lb

F
y
= (950 lb) cos 50

= 610.65 lb

F
z
= (950 lb) sin 50 sin 40

= 467.78 lb

F
y
= 611 lb

F
z
= 468 lb

(b)

cos =
557.48 lb
x

cos
y
=
950 lb

610.65 lb
950 lb

or
x
= 54.1

cos
z
=

467.78 lb
950 lb

or
y

or
z

= 130.0

= 60.5



(a) F
x
= (810 lb ) cos 45 sin 25

= 242.06 lb

F
x
= 242 lb

F
y
= (810 lb ) sin 45

= 572.76 lb

F
z
= (810 lb) cos 45 cos 25

= 519.09 lb

F
y
= 573 lb

F
z
= 519 lb

(b)

cos
x
=

cos
y
=

242.06 lb
810 lb

572.76 lb
810 lb

or
x
= 107.4

cos =
519.09 lb

or
y

= 135.0
z
810 lb

or
z

= 50.1



(a) F
x
= (900 N ) cos 30 cos 25

= 706.40 N

F
x
= 706 N

F
y
= (900 N ) sin 30

= 450.00 N

F
z
= (900 N ) cos 30 sin 25

= 329.04 N

F
y
= 450 N

F
z
= 329 N

(b)

cos =
706.40 N
x

cos
y
=
900 N

450.00 N
900 N

or
x
= 38.3

cos
z

=
329.40 N

900 N

or
y

or
z

= 60.0

= 111.5



(a) F
x
= (1900 N ) sin 20 sin 70

= 610.65 N

F
y
= (1900 N ) cos 20

= 1785.42 N

F
z
= (1900 N ) sin 20 cos 70

F
x
= 611 N

F
y
= 1785 N

= 222.26 N

(b)

cos
x

=
610.65 N

1900 N
F
z
= 222 N

cos =
1785.42 N
or
x
= 108.7
y
1900 N

cos =
222.26 N
or
y
= 20.0
z
1900 N

or
z
= 83.3




(a)

(b)

F
x
= (180 lb) cos 35 sin 20

= 50.430 lb

F
y
= (180 lb ) sin 35

= 103.244 lb

F
z
= (180 lb ) cos 35 cos 20

= 138.555 lb

cos =
50.430 lb

F
x
= 50.4 lb

F
y
= 103.2 lb

F
z
= 138.6 lb
x

cos
y

180 lb

=
103.244 lb

180 lb

or
x
= 73.7

or
y
= 125.0

cos =
138.555 lb
z
180 lb

or
z
= 39.7




(a)

(b)

F
x
= (180 lb ) cos 30 cos 25
= 141.279 lb

F
y
= (180 lb ) sin 30
= 90.000 lb

F
z
= (180 lb ) cos 30 sin 25
= 65.880 lb

cos =
141.279 lb

F
x
= 141.3 lb

F
y
= 90.0 lb

F
z
= 65.9 lb
x

cos
y

180 lb

=
90.000 lb

180 lb

or
x
= 38.3

or
y
= 120.0

cos =
65.880 lb
z
180 lb

or
z
= 68.5




(a) F
x
= ( 220 N ) cos 60 cos 35

= 90.107 N

F
y
= (220 N ) sin 60

= 190.526 N

F
z
= ( 220 N ) cos 60 sin 35

= 63.093 N

F
x
= 90.1 N W

F
y
= 190.5 N W

F
z
= 63.1 N W

(b)

cos
x

=
90.107

220 N

x
= 114.2 W

cos =
190.526 N
y

cos
z

220 N

=
63.093 N

220 N

y
= 30.0 W

z
= 106.7 W




(a) F
x
= 180 N

With F
x
= F cos 60 cos 35

180 N = F cos 60 cos 35

or F = 439.38 N

(b)

cos
x
=

180 N
439.48 N
F = 439 N

F
y
= ( 439.48 N ) sin 60

x
= 65.8

F
y
= 380.60 N

cos =
380.60 N
y
439.48 N

F
z
= ( 439.48 N ) cos 60 sin 35

F
z
= 126.038 N

y
= 30.0

cos
z

=
126.038 N

439.48 N

z
= 106.7

F
F


2 2 2

F = F
x
+ F
y
+ F
z

F = (65 N )
2
+ ( 80 N )
2
+ ( 200 N )
2

cos

x
=
x

F

=
65 N

225 N
F = 225 N

cos

F
y

y
=
F
=

80 N
225 N

x
= 73.2

cos

z
=
z
=
F

200 N
225 N

y
= 110.8

z
= 152.7

F
F


2 2 2

F = F
x
+ F
y
+ F
z

F = ( 450 N )
2
+ (600 N )
2
+ ( 1800 N )
2

cos

x
=
x

F

=
450 N

1950 N
F = 1950 N

cos

F
y

y
=
F

=
600 N

1950 N

x
= 76.7

cos

z
=
z
=
F

1800 N
1950 N

y
= 72.1

z
= 157.4

y


(a) We have (cos

)
2
+
(
cos

)
2
+ (cos

)
2
= 1

x y z

(
cos

)
2
= 1 (cos

)
2
(cos )
2
y x z

Since F
y
< 0 we must have cos
y
< 0

Thus cos = 1 (cos 43.2)
2
cos (83.8)
2

cos
y
= 0.67597

(b) Then:

F =
F
y

cos
y

F =
50 lb

0.67597

y
= 132.5

F = 73.968 lb

And F
x
= F cos
x

F
x
= (73.968 lb ) cos 43.2

F
x
= 53.9 lb

F
z
= F cos
z

F
z
= (73.968 lb) cos 83.8

F
z
= 7.99 lb

F = 74.0 lb

z


(a) We have (cos

)
2
+
(
cos

)
2
+ (cos

)
2
= 1

x y z

or (cos

)
2
= 1 (cos

)
2

(
cos
)
2

z x y

Since F
z
< 0 we must have cos
z
< 0

Thus cos = 1 (cos113.2)
2
cos (78.4)
2

cos
z
= 0.89687

z
= 153.7

(b) Then: F =
F
z
=

cos
z
35 lb
0.89687

F = 39.025 lb

And F
x
= F cos
x

F
x
= (39.025 lb) cos113.2

F
x
= 15.37 lb

F
y
= F cos
y

F
y
= (39.025 lb ) cos 78.4

F
y
= 7.85 lb

F = 39.0 lb

z


(a) We have F
y
= F cos
y

F
y
= ( 250 N ) cos 72.4

F
y
= 75.592 N

F
y
= 75.6 N

Then
2 2 2 2

F = F
x
+ F
y
+ F
z

( 250 N )
2
= (80 N )
2
+ (75.592 N )
2
+ F
2

F
z
= 224.47 N

F
z
= 224 N

(b) cos =

F
x
x
F

cos
x
=
80 N
250 N

x
= 71.3

cos =

F
z
z
F

cos =
224.47 N
z
250 N

z
= 26.1

x y z
y


(a) Have F
x
= F cos
x

F
x
= (320 N ) cos104.5

F
x
= 80.122 N

F
x
= 80.1 N

Then: F
2
= F
2
+ F
2
+ F
2

(320 N )
2
= ( 80.122 N )
2
+ F
2
+ ( 120 N )
2

F
y
= 285.62 N

F
y

(b) cos =

F
y
= 286 N
y
F

cos =
285.62 N
y
320 N

y
= 26.8

cos =

F
z
z
F

cos
z
=
120 N
320 N

z
= 112.0



DB = (36 in.) i ( 42 in.) j (36 in.) k

DB =
(36 in.)
2
+ ( 42 in.)
2
+ ( 36 in.)
2
= 66 in.

T = T

= T
DB

DB DB DB DB
DB

T
DB
=
55 lb
(36 in.) i ( 42 in.) j (36 in.) k

66 in.

= (30 lb ) i (35 lb) j (30 lb) k

(T
DB
)
x
= 30.0 lb

(T
DB
)
y
= 35.0 lb

(T
DB
)
z
= 30.0 lb



EB = (36 in.) i ( 45 in.) j + ( 48 in.) k

EB =
(36 in.)
2
+ ( 45 in.)
2
+ ( 48 in.)
2
= 75 in.

T = T

= T
EB

EB EB EB EB
EB

T
EB
=
60 lb
(36 in.) i ( 45 in.) j + ( 48 in.) k

75 in.

= ( 28.8 lb) i (36 lb) j + (38.4 lb ) k

(T
EB
)
x
= 28.8 lb

(T
EB
)
y
= 36.0 lb

(T
EB
)
z
= 38.4 lb



BA =
(
4 m
)
i +
(
20 m
)
j
(
5 m
)
k

BA = ( 4 m )
2
+ ( 20 m )
2
+ ( 5 m )
2

= 21 m
F = F

= F
BA
=
2100 N
(4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j (5 m ) k

BA
BA 21 m

F = ( 400 N ) i + ( 2000 N ) j (500 N ) k

F
x
= + 400 N, F
y
= + 2000 N, F
z
= 500 N



DA =
(
4 m
)
i +
(
20 m
)
j +
(
14.8 m
)
k

DA = ( 4 m )
2
+ ( 20 m )
2
+ (14.8 m )
2

= 25.2 m
F = F

= F
DA
=
1260 N
( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k

DA
DA 25.2 m

F = ( 200 N ) i + (1000 N ) j + (740 N ) k

F
x
= + 200 N, F
y
= +1000 N, F
z
= + 740 N

T
BG
=
2.25 m
( ) (

T



uuuv

BG = (1 m ) i + (1.85 m ) j (0.8 m ) k

2 2 2

BG = (1 m) + (1.85 m) + ( 0.8 m)

BG = 2.25 m

uuuv

BG

T = T = T

BG BG BG BG
BG

450 N
1 m i + 1.85 m ) j (0.8 m ) k

= (200 N) i + (370 N) j (160 N) k

(T
BG
)
x
= 200 N

(
BG
)
y
= 370 N

(T
BG
)
z
= 160.0 N

T
BH
=
2.25 m
(

T



uuuuv

BH = (0.75 m ) i + (1.5 m ) j (1.5 m ) k

2 2 2

BH = (0.75 m) + (1.5 m) + (1.5 m)

= 2.25 m

uuuuv

BH

T = T = T

BH BH BH BH
BH

600 N
0.75 m ) i + (1.5 m ) j (1.5 m )k

= (200 N) i + (400 N) j (400 N) k

(T
BH
)
x
= 200 N
(
BH
)
y
= 400 N
(T
BH
)
z
= 400 N

=
=


P = (4 kips)[cos 30sin 20i sin 30j + cos 30 cos 20k ]

= (1.18479 kips) i (2 kips) j + (3.2552 kips) k

Q = (8 kips)[ cos 45sin15i + sin 45j cos 45 cos15k ]

= (1.46410 kips) i + (5.6569 kips) j (5.4641 kips) k

R = P + Q = (0.27931 kip) i + (3.6569 kips) j (2.2089 kips) k

2 2 2

R = ( 0.27931 kip) + (3.6569 kips) + ( 2.2089 kips)

R = 4.2814 kips

R

or R = 4.28 kips
cos
x
=
x
=

R
0.27931 kip
= 0.065238

4.2814 kips

cos
R
y
3.6569 kips

0.85414

y
=
R

R

= =
4.2814 kips

cos
z

z

R
2.2089 kips
4.2814 kips
= 0.51593

or
x
= 93.7

y
= 31.3

z
= 121.1



P = (6 kips)[cos 30sin 20i sin 30j + cos 30 cos 20k ]

= (1.77719 kips) i (3 kips) j + (4.8828 kips) k

Q = (7 kips)[ cos 45sin15i + sin 45j cos 45 cos15k ]

= (1.28109 kips) i + (4.94975 kips) j (4.7811 kips) k

R = P + Q = (0.49610 kip) i + (1.94975 kips) j + (0.101700 kip) k

2 2 2

R = (0.49610 kip) + (1.94975 kips) + (0.101700 kip)

R = 2.0144 kips or R = 2.01 kips

cos
x
=

R
x

R
=
0.49610 kip
=

2.0144 kips

0.24628

cos

R
y
1.94975 kips

0.967906

y
=

R
=
2.0144 kips
=

cos
z
=

R
z

R
=

0.101700 kip
2.0144 kips

= 0.050486

or
x
= 75.7

y
= 14.56

z
= 87.1

=
850 mm
(

x


u
A
u
B
ur
= (600 mm) i + (360 mm) j + (270 mm) k

2 2 2

AB =
( 600 mm) + (360 mm) + (270 mm)

AB = 750 mm
uuuv

AC =
(
600 mm
)
i +
(
320 mm
)
j
(
510 mm
)
k

2 2 2

AC =
( 600 mm ) + (320 mm ) + ( 510 mm )

AC = 850 mm
u
A
u
B
ur

510 N

T
AB
= T
AB
AB
=
750 mm
(600 mm) i + (360 mm) j + (270 mm) k

T
AB
= (408 N) i + (244.8 N) j + (183.6 N) k
u
A
u
C
ur

T
AC
= T
AC
AC

765 N
600 mm) i + (320 mm) j (510 mm) k

Then
and
T
AC
= (540 N) i + (288 N) j (459 N) k

R = T
AB
+ T
AC
= (948 N) i + (532.8 N) j (275.4 N) k

R = 1121.80 N
cos =
948 N

1121.80 N

R = 1122 N

x
= 147.7

cos
y
=

532.8 N
1121.80 N

y
= 61.6

cos
z

275.4 N

=
1121.80 N

z
= 104.2



AB =
(
600 mm
)
i +
(
360 mm
)
j +
(
270 mm
)
k

AB = ( 600 mm)
2
+ (360 mm)
2
+ (270 mm)
2

= 750 mm

AB = 750 mm

AC =
(
600 mm
)
i +
(
320 mm
)
j
(
510 mm
)
k

AC = ( 600 mm)
2
+ (320 mm)
2
+ ( 510 mm)
2

= 850 mm

AC = 850 mm

T = T

AB
=

765 N
(600 mm) i + (360 mm) j + (270 mm) k

AB AB
AB 750 mm

T
AB
= (612 N) i + (367.2 N) j + (275.4 N) k

T = T

AC
=

510 N
(600 mm) i + (320 mm) j (510 mm) k

AC AC
AC 850 mm

Then
T
AC
= (360 N) i + (192 N) j (306 N) k

R = T
AB
+ T
AC
= (972 N) i + (559.2 N) j (30.6 N) k

R = 1121.80 N R = 1122 N

cos
x

=
972 N

1121.80 N

x
= 150.1

cos
y
=
559.2 N
1121.80 N

y
= 60.1

cos
z
=
30.6 N

1121.80 N

z
= 91.6

F



Have T
AB
= (760 lb) (sin 50cos 40i cos 50j + sin 50sin 40k )
T
AC
= T
AC
( cos 45sin 25i sin 45j + cos 45 cos 25k )

(a) R
A
= T
AB
+ T
AC
(
R
A
)
x
= 0

( R
A
)
x
= F
x
= 0:

(760 lb) sin 50cos 40 T
AC
cos 45sin 25 = 0

or T
AC
= 1492.41 lb
T
AC
= 1492 lb
(b)
(
R
A
)
y
=
y
=
(
760 lb
)
cos 50
(
1492.41 lb
)
sin 45

Then
( R
A
)
y
= 1543.81 lb

( R
A
)
z
= F
z
= (760 lb) sin 50sin 40 + (1492.41 lb) cos 45cos 25

( R
A
)
z
= 1330.65 lb

R
A
= (1543.81 lb) j + (1330.65 lb) k
R
A
= 2038.1 lb

R
A
= 2040 lb

cos
x
=

0
2038.1 lb

x
= 90.0

cos
y

=
1543.81 lb

2038.1 lb

y
= 139.2

1330.65 lb
cos =

= 49.2

z
2038.1 lb
z

F

x


Have T
AB
= T
AB
(sin 50cos 40i cos 50j + sin 50sin 40k )
T
AC
= (980 lb) ( cos 45sin 25i sin 45j + cos 45cos 25k )

(a) R
A
= T
AB
+ T
AC
(
R
A
)
x
= 0

( R
A
)
x
= F
x
= 0:

T
AB
sin 50cos 40 (980 lb) cos 45sin 25 = 0

or T
AB
= 499.06 lb

T
AB
= 499 lb
(b) ( R
A
)
y
=
y
= (499.06 lb) cos 50 (980 lb) sin 45

Then
and
( R
A
)
y
= 1013.75 lb

(
R
A
)
z
= F
z
= (499.06 lb) sin 50sin 40 + (980 lb) cos 45cos 25

(
R
A
)
z
= 873.78 lb

R
A
= (1013.75 lb) j + (873.78 lb) k
R
A
= 1338.35 lb

cos =
0

1338.35 lb

R
A
= 1338 lb

x
= 90.0

cos
y

=
1013.75 lb

1338.35 lb

y
= 139.2

cos
z
=
873.78 lb
1338.35 lb

z
= 49.2

=
AC


Cable AB:

AB =
(
600 mm
)
i +
(
360 mm
)
j +
(
270 mm
)
k

AB = ( 600 mm)
2
+ (360 mm)
2
+ (270 mm)
2

= 750 mm

T = T

AB
=

600 N
(600 mm) i + (360 mm) j + (270 mm) k

AB AB
AB 750 mm

Cable AC:

T
AB
= (480 N) i + (288 N) j + (216 N) k

AC =
(
600 mm
)
i +
(
320 mm
)
j
(
510 mm
)
k

AC = ( 600 mm)
2
+ (320 mm)
2
+ ( 510 mm)
2

AC T

= 850 mm
T
AC
= T
AC
AC

=
AC

(
600 mm
)
i +
(
320 mm
)
j
(
510 mm
)
k
850 mm

Load P:

T
AC

60
T i +
32
T j
51
T k

85
AC
85
AC
85
AC

P = P
j

(a) ( R )

= F

= 0:

(216 N)
51
T = 0

or T = 360 N

A
z
z

85
AC AC

(b) ( R
A
)
y

= F
y

= 0:
(288 N) +
32
T

85

P = 0

or P = 424 N

( ) ( ) ( )


Cable AB:

AB =
(
4 m
)
i
(
20 m
)
j +
(
5 m
)
k

AB =

( 4 m)
2
+ (20 m)
2
+ (5 m)
2

AB T

= 21 m
T
AB
= T
AB
AB

=
AB

(
4 m
)
i
(
20 m
)
j +
(
5 m
)
k
21 m
Cable AC: AC = (12 m) i (20 m) j + (3.6 m) k

AC =

(12 m)
2
+ ( 20 m)
2
+ (3.6 m)
2

= 23.6 m

T = T

AC 1770 N

=

12 m i 20 m j + 3.6 m k

AC AC
AC 23.6 m

= (900 N) i (1500 N) j + (270 N) k
Cable AD: AD = (4 m) i (20 m) j + (14.8 m) k

AD =

( 4 m)
2
+ ( 20 m)
2
+ (14.8 m)
2

AD T

= 25.2 m
T
AD
= T
AD
AD

=
AD

(
4 m
)
i
(
20 m
)
j +
(
14.8 m
)
k
25.2 m

Now...

=
T
AD

63 m

(10 m) i (50 m) j (37 m) k

R = T
AB
+ T
AC
+ T
AD
and R = R
j
; R
x
= R
z
= 0

F
x

= 0:

4
T

21
AB

+ 900
10
T = 0

63
AD

(1)

F = 0:

5
T + 270
37
T = 0

(2)

y
21
AB
63
AD

Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously yields:

T
AD
= 1.775 kN
T
AB
= 3.25 kN




d
AB
=
d
AC
=
(450 mm)
2
+ (600 mm)
2

(600 mm)
2
+ ( 320 mm)
2

= 750 mm
= 680 mm
d
AD
= (500 mm)
2
+ (600 mm)
2
+ (360 mm)
2
= 860 mm

T
AB
=
T
AB

750 mm
(450 mm) i + (600 mm)
j(
T
AB
= ( 0.6 i + 0.8 j)T
AB

T
AC
=
T
AC
680 mm
| 15 8

(600 mm) j (320 mm) k

|

T
AC
=

j k
17 17
T
AC
T =
T

i + j + k

AD
AD
860 mm
(500 mm) (600 mm) (360 mm)

T
AD
=

| 25 30 18
|
\ 43
i +
43
j +
43
k
|
.
T
AD

At point A:
W = W j
F = 0:

T
AB
+ T
AC
+ T
AD
+ W = 0

i component:

0.6T

+
25
T = 0

AB
43
AD

or

T =
| 5 | | 25|
T

(1)

k component:

18
T

AB

+
18
T = 0

3 43
AD

17
AC
43
AD

or

T =
| 17 | | 18 |
T

(2)

AC
8 43
AD

j component:

0.8T
AB
+
15
T

17
AC

+
30
T

43
AD

W = 0

0.8T

+
15 | 17

18
T
|
+
30
T

W = 0

AB
17 8 43
AD
43
AD

From Equation (1):

0.8T
AB
+
255
T

172
AD

W = 0

(3)
6 kN =
| 5 | | 25 |
T

From Equation (3):
3 43
or
AD
T
AD
= 6.1920 kN
0.8
(
6 kN
)
+
255
(
6.1920 kN
)
W = 0
172

W = 13.98 kN



See Problem 2.101 for the figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)
below.

| 5| | 25 |

T
AB
=
3

43
T
AD

(1)

| 17 | | 18 |

T
AC
=
8

43
T
AD

(2)

From Equation (1)

0.8T
AB
+
255
T

172
AD

W = 0

(3)

T =
| 5 | | 25|
(4.3 kN)

From Equation (3)
AB
3 43

or

T
AB
= 4.1667 kN
0.8 (4.1667 kN) +
255
(4.3 kN) W = 0

172
W = 9.71 kN


AB T
AC T
AD T


AB =
(
4.20 m
)
i
(
5.60 m
)
j

AB =

( 4.20 m)
2
+ ( 5.60 m)
2

= 7.00 m
AC = (2.40 m) i (5.60 m) j + (4.20 m) k

AC =

(2.40 m)
2
+ ( 5.60 m)
2
+ (4.20 m)
2
= 7.40 m

AD = (5.60 m) j (3.30 m) k

AD =

( 5.60 m)
2
+ ( 3.30 m)
2

= 6.50 m
T
AB
= T
AB
AB
= T
AB

=
AB
( 4.20i 5.60j)

|

T
AB
=
\

3 4

i
5 5

|

j
|
.
AB

T
AB

7.00 m
T
AC
= T
AC
AC
= T
AC

=
AC
(2.40i 5.60j + 4.20k )

AC 7.40 m

T =
| 12
i
28
j +
21
k
|
T

AC
37 37 37
AC

T
AD
= T
AD
AD
= T
AD

=
AD
( 5.60j 3.30k )

|

T
AD
=
\

56 33

j k
65 65
AD

|

|
.
T
AD

6.50 m
P = P j

For equilibrium at point A:

F = 0
T
AB
+ T
AC
+ T
AD
+ P = 0

i component:

3 12

T + T = 0

5
AB
37
AC

or T =
20
T

(1)

AB
37
AC


4
T

28
5
AB
37

4

4 700

j component:

4 28

T T

56
T + P = 0

5
AB
37
AC
65
AD

56 | 65 7

T T

|
+ P = 0

AC
65 11 37
AC

5
T
AB

700

T
AC

407
+ P = 0

(2)

k component:
21
T
33
T = 0

37
AC

or

65
AD

T

=
| 65 | | 7 |
T

(3)

AD
11 37
AC

From Equation (1):

259 N =
| 20 |
T

\

37

or
AC

T
AC
= 479.15 N

From Equation (2): (259 N) (479.15 N) + P = 0

5 407

P = 1031 N


AD
11
|
37
| AC



See Problem 2.103 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)

20

T
AB
=
37
T
AC

(1)

4
T

700
T

+ P = 0 (2)

5
AB
407
AC

Substituting for T
AC
= 444 N

Gives

T =
| 65 | | 7 |
T

\ . \ .

into Equation (1)

T =
20
( 444 N )

(3)
AB
37

And from Equation (3)
or T
AB
= 240 N

4
( 240 N )
700
( 444 N ) + P = 0

5 407

P = 956 N


14.6 in.
CA CA CA
DA DA DA


d
BA
=
d
CA
=
d
DA
=
( 11 in.)
2
+ (9.6 in.)
2
= 14.6 in.
(9.6 in.)
2
+ ( 7.2 in.)
2
= 12.0 in.
(9.6 in.)
2
+ (9.6 in.)
2
+ (4.8 in.)
2
= 14.4 in.
F

F
BA
= F
BA
BA
=
BA
( 11 in.) i + (9.6 in.) j(

|
11

| |
9.6
|
(

= F
BA

14.6
|
i +

14.6
|
j
(

\ . \ .

F

F = F =
CA
(
9.6 in.
)
j
(
7.2 in.
)
k
12.0 in.

|
4
| |
3
|
(

= F
CA
5
|
j

5
|
k
(

\ . \ .

F

F = F =
DA
(
9.6 in.
)
i +
(
9.6 in.
)
j +
(
4.8 in.
)
k
14.4 in.

|
2
| |
2
| |
1
|
(

= F
DA
3
|
i +

3
|
j +

3
|
k
(

At point A:

F = 0:
\ . \ . \ .
P = P j

F
BA
+ F
CA
+ F
DA
+ P = 0

i component:

|
11
|
F

+
|
2
|
F = 0

(1)

14.6
| BA

3
| DA

\ . \ .

j component:
|
9.6
|
F

+
|
4
|
F

+
|
2
|
F

P = 0

(2)

14.6
| BA

5
| CA

3
| DA

\ . \ . \ .

k component:

|
3
|
F

+
|
1
|
F = 0

(3)

5
| CA

3
| DA

\ . \ .

continued


9
|

9

14.6
|
5
|
9
|
3
|


From Equation (1)

F =
|
14.6
| |
2
|
F

BA

11
|
3
| DA

\ . \ .
29.2 lb =
|
14.6
| |
2
|
F

11

|
3
| DA

\ . \ .
or F = 33 lb

DA

| 5 |

Solving Eqn. (3) for F
CA
gives:

F
CA

=
| 5 |
(33 lb)

\ .
F
CA
=
|
F
DA

\ .

Substituting into Eqn. (2) for F
BA
, F
DA,
and F
CA
in terms of F
DA

gives:

| 9.6 |
( 29.2 lb ) +
| 4 | | 5 |
(33 lb) +
| 2 |
(33 lb) P = 0

\ . \ . \ . \ .

P = 55.9 lb

CA
9

DA

CA
9



See Problem 2.105 for the figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and
(3) below.

11

F

2

+ F = 0

(1)

14.6
BA

3
DA

9.6
F

4

+ F

2

+ F

P = 0

(2)

14.6
BA

5

CA

3
DA

3

F

1

+ F

= 0 (3)

5
CA

3
DA

14.6
2

From Equation (1):

F
BA
=
11

3

F
DA

From Equation (3):

F =
5
F

Substituting into Equation (2) for F
BA
and

F
CA
gives:

9.6 14.6
2
F

4
5

+ F

2

+ F

P = 0

14.6

11

3

DA

5

9

DA

3
DA

or
838
F = P

495

DA

838
Since P = 45 lb

495

F
DA
= 45 lb

or F
DA
= 26.581 lb

14.6
2

and

F
BA
=
11

3

(26.581 lb )

and

F =

5

( 26.581 lb
)

or F
BA
= 23.5 lb

or F
CA
= 14.77 lb

and F
DA
= 26.6 lb




The force in each cable can be written as the product of the magnitude of
the force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with

AC =
(
18 m
)
i
(
30 m
)
j +
(
5.4 m
)
k

AC = (18 m )
2
+ ( 30 m )
2
+ (5.4 m )
2

AC T

= 35.4 m
T
AC
= T
AC
= T
AC
AC

=
AC
(
18 m
)
i
(
30 m
)
j +
(
5.4 m
)
k
35.4 m

T
AC

= T
AC
(0.50847i 0.84746j + 0.152542k )

and

AB =
(
6 m
)
i
(
30 m
)
j +
(
7.5 m
)
k

AB = ( 6 m )
2
+ ( 30 m )
2
+ (7.5 m )
2

AB T

= 31.5 m
T
AB
= T
AB
= T
AB
AB

=
AB

(
6 m
)
i
(
30 m
)
j +
(
7.5 m
)
k
31.5 m

Finally
T
AB
= T
AB
( 0.190476i 0.95238j + 0.23810k )

AD =
(
6 m
)
i
(
30 m
)
j
(
22.2 m
)
k

AD = ( 6 m )
2
+ ( 30 m )
2
+ ( 22.2 m )
2

AD T

= 37.8 m
T
AD
= T
AD
= T
AD
AD

=
AD

(
6 m
)
i
(
30 m
)
j
(
22.2 m
)
k
37.8 m

T
AD
= T
AD
( 0.158730i 0.79365j 0.58730k )

continued



With P = Pj, at A:

F = 0: T
AB
+ T
AC
+ T
AD
+ Pj = 0

Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic
equations:

i : 0.190476T
AB
+ 0.50847T
AC
0.158730T
AD
= 0

(1)

j: 0.95238T
AB
0.84746T
AC
0.79365T
AD
+ P = 0

(2)

k : 0.23810T
AB
+ 0.152542T
AC
0.58730T
AD
= 0

(3)

In Equations (1), (2) and (3), set T
AB

= 3.6 kN, and, using conventional
methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (MATLAB or Maple,
for example), we obtain:

T
AC

= 1.963 kN

T
AD
= 1.969 kN

P = 6.66 kN




Based on the results of Problem 2.107, particularly Equations (1), (2) and (3), we substitute T
AC

= 2.6 kN and
solve the three resulting linear equations using conventional tools for solving Linear Algebraic Equations
(MATLAB or Maple, for example), to obtain

T
AB

= 4.77 kN

T
AD

= 2.61 kN

P = 8.81 kN



AB =
(
6.5 ft
)
i
(
8 ft
)
j +
(
2 ft
)
k

AB = ( 6.5 ft )
2
+ ( 8 ft )
2
+ ( 2 ft )
2
= 10.5 ft

T =
T

i j + k
AB
AB
10.5 ft
(6.5 ft ) (8 ft ) ( 2 ft )

= T
AB
( 0.61905i 0.76190j + 0.190476k )
AC = (1 ft ) i (8 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k

AC = (1 ft )
2
+ ( 8 ft )
2
+ ( 4 ft )
2
= 9 ft

T =
T
i

j + k
AC
AC
9 ft
(1 ft ) (8 ft ) ( 4 ft )

= T
AC
(0.111111i 0.88889j + 0.44444k )
AD = (1.75 ft ) i (8 ft ) j (1 ft ) k

AD = (1.75 ft )
2
+ ( 8 ft )
2
+ ( 1 ft )
2
= 8.25 ft

T =
T

i j k
AD
AD
8.25 ft
(1.75 ft ) (8 ft ) (1 ft )

At A F = 0
= T
AD
(0.21212i 0.96970j 0.121212k )

F
x
= 0:

F
y
= 0:
0.61905T
AB
+ 0.111111T
AC
+ 0.21212T
AD
= 0

0.76190T
AB
0.88889T
AC
0.96970T
AD
+ W = 0
(1)

(2)

F
z
= 0: 0.190476T
AB
+ 0.44444T
AC
0.121212T
AD
= 0

(3)

Substituting for W = 320 lb and Solving Equations (1), (2), (3) simultaneously yields:

T
AB
= 86.2 lb

T
AC
= 27.7 lb

T
AD
= 237 lb


0.61905T
AB
+ 0.111111T
AC
+ 0.21212T
AD
= 0 (1)

0.76190T
AB
0.88889T
AC
0.96970T
AD
+ W = 0 (2)

0.190476T
AB
+ 0.44444T
AC
0.121212T
AD
= 0

(3)



See Problem 2.109 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) shown below.

Now substituting for T
AD
= 220 lb Gives:

0.61905T
AB
+ 0.111111T
AC
+ 46.662 = 0

0.76190T
AB
0.88889T
AC
213.33 + W = 0

0.190476T
AB
+ 0.44444T
AC
26.666 = 0

(4)
(5)
(6)

Solving Equations (4) and (6) simultaneously gives

T
AB
= 79.992 lb and T
AC
= 25.716 lb

Substituting into Equation (5) yields

W = 297 lb

BE
T

T



Note that because the line of action of each of the cords passes through the vertex A of the cone, the cords all
have the same length, and the unit vectors lying along the cords are parallel to the unit vectors lying along the
generators of the cone.

Thus, for example, the unit vector along BE is identical to the unit vector along the generator AB.

cos 45i + 8j sin 45k

Hence:
AB
=
BE
=

65

cos 45i + 8j sin 45k

It follows that:

T
BE

= T
BE

BE

= T
BE
65

T = T
cos 30i + 8j + sin 30k

=
CF CF CF CF
65

T = T

cos15i + 8j sin15k

=
DG DG DG DG
65

At A:

F = 0:

T
BE
+ T
CF
+ T
DG
+ W + P = 0

Then, isolating the factors of i, j, and k, we obtain three algebraic equations:

i :
T
BE
cos 45 +

T
CF

T

cos 30
DG
cos15 + P = 0

65 65 65

or T
BE
cos 45 + T
CF
cos 30 T
DG
cos15 + P 65 = 0 (1)

j: T
BE

8

65
+ T
CF

8

65
+ T
DG

8

W = 0
65

or T
BE
+ T
CF
+ T
DG
W
65

8
= 0

(2)

T

k : sin 45 +

T
CF
sin 30
T
DG
sin15 = 0

65 65 65

or T
BE
sin 45 + T
CF
sin 30 T
DG
sin15 = 0

(3)

With P = 0 and the tension in cord BE = 0.2 lb:

Solving the resulting Equations (1), (2), and (3) using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination,
matrix methods or iteration with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:

T
CF

T
DG

= 0.669 lb

= 0.746 lb

W = 1.603 lb



See Problem 2.111 for the Figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)
below:

i : T
BE
cos 45 + T
CF
cos 30 T
DG
cos15 +

65P = 0 (1)

j: T + T + T

W
65
= 0

(2)

BE CF DG
8

k : T
BE
sin 45 + T
CF
sin 30 T
DG
sin15 = 0

(3)

With W = 1.6 lb , the range of values of P for which the cord CF is taut can found by solving Equations (1),
(2), and (3) for the tension T
CF
as a function of P and requiring it to be positive (> 0).

Solving (1), (2), and (3) with unknown P, using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix
methods or iteration with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:

Hence, for T
CF
> 0

T
CF
= ( 1.729P + 0.668) lb

1.729P + 0.668 > 0
or P < 0.386 lb

P < 0.386 lb


DC
\ .


d
DA
= ( 400 mm )
2
+ ( 600 mm )
2

= 721.11 mm

d
DB
=

d
DC
=
( 200 mm )
2
+ ( 600 mm )
2
+ (150 mm )
2
= 650 mm

( 200 mm )
2
+ ( 600 mm )
2
+ ( 150 mm )
2
= 650 mm

T
DA
= T
DA
DA
=
T
DA

721.11 mm

( 400 mm ) i (600 mm ) j(

= T
DA
(0.55470i 0.83205j)
T
DB
= T
DB
DB
=
T
DB

650 mm

( 200 mm ) i (600 mm ) j + (150 mm ) k

= T
|

4
i
12
j +

3
k
|

DB

13 13 13
|

\ .
T
DC
= T
DC
DC
T =

T
DC
( 200 mm ) i (600 mm ) j (150 mm ) k

650 mm

| 4 12 3 |

= T
DC

13
i
13
j
13
k
|

At point D F = 0:

i component:

W = W j

T
DA
+ T
DB
+ T
DC
+ W = 0

0.55470T

4
T

4
T = 0

(1)

DA
13
DB
13
DC

j component:

0.83205T

12
T

12
T

+ W = 0

(2)

DA
13
DB
13
DC

k component:
3
T

3
T = 0

(3)

13
DB

Setting W = (16 kg ) (
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 156.96 N

And Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:
13
DC

T
DA
= 62.9 N

T
DB
= 56.7 N

T
DC
= 56.7 N




d
DA
= ( 400 mm )
2
+ ( 600 mm )
2

= 721.11 mm

d
DB
=

d
DC
=
( 200 mm )
2
+ ( 600 mm )
2
+ ( 200 mm )
2
= 663.32 mm

( 200 mm )
2
+ ( 600 mm )
2
+ ( 200 mm )
2
= 663.32 mm

T
DA
= T
DA
DA

=
T
DA

721.11 mm

( 400 mm ) i (600 mm ) j(

= T
DA
(0.55470i 0.83205j)

T
DB
= T
DB
DB

=
T
DB

663.32 mm

( 200 mm ) i (600 mm ) j + ( 200 mm ) k

= T
DB
( 0.30151i 0.90454j + 0.30151k )

T
DC
= T
DC
DC

=
T
DC

663.32 mm

( 200 mm ) i (600 mm ) j ( 200 mm ) k

= T
DC
( 0.30151i 0.90454j 0.30151k )

At point D F = 0: T
DA
+ T
DB
+ T
DC
+ W = 0

i component: 0.55470T
DA
0.30151T
DB
0.30151T
DC
= 0

(1)

j component:

0.83205T
DA
0.90454T
DB
0.90454T
DC
+ W = 0

(2)

k component: 0.30151T
DB
0.30151T
DC
= 0

Setting W = (16 kg ) (
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 156.96 N


T
DA
= 62.9 N

T
DB
= 57.8 N

T
DC
= 57.8 N

(3)




From the solutions of 2.107 and 2.108:

T
AB

= 0.5409P

T
AC

= 0.295P

T
AD

= 0.2959P

Using P = 8 kN :

T
AB

T
AC

T
AD

= 4.33 kN

= 2.36 kN

= 2.37 kN


2 2

+ =



2 2 2

d
BA
= (6 m ) + (6 m ) + (3 m )
= 9 m

2 2 2

d
AC
= ( 10.5 m ) + ( 6 m ) + ( 8 m )
= 14.5 mm

2 2 2

d
AD
= ( 6 m ) + ( 6 m ) + (7 m )
= 11 mm

d
AE
=

(6 m ) + ( 4.5 m )

= 7.5 m

F
BA

= i +

j + k
F
BA
= F
BA
BA
9 m
(6 m ) (6 m ) (3 m )

2 2 1

= F
BA
3
i +
3
j +
3
k

T
AC

=

i j k
T
AC
= T
AC
AC
14.5 m
(10.5 m ) (6 m ) (8 m )

21 12 16

= T
AC

29
i
29
j
29
k

T
AD

= i

j + k
T
AD
= T
AD
AD
11 m
(6 m ) (6 m ) (7 m )

6 6 7

= T
AD

11
i
11
j +
11
k

=
W
i j

W
AE
= W
AE
AE
7.5 m
(6 m ) (4.5 m )

At point A:

i component:

F = 0:
= W (0.8i 0.6j)

W
O
= W j

F
BA
+ T
AC
+ T
AD
+ W
AE
+ W
O
= 0

2
F
21
T
6
T 0.8W 0

3
BA
29
AC
11
AD

(1)

continued

=
+ =

j component:
2
F
12
T
6
T 1.6W 0

3
BA
29
AC
11
AD

(2)

k component:
1
F
16
T
7
T 0

3
BA
29
AC
11
AD

(3)

Setting W = ( 20 kg )
(
9.81 m/s
2
)
= 196.2 N


F
BA
= 1742 N

T
AC
= 1517 N

T
AD
= 403 N




F
x
= 0:

T
AD
(sin 30) (sin 50) + T
BD
(sin 30) (cos 40) + T
CD
(sin 30) (cos 60) = 0

Dividing through by sin 30 and evaluating:

0.76604T
AD
+ 0.76604T
BD
+ 0.5T
CD
= 0

(1)

F
y
= 0:

T
AD
(cos 30) T
BD
(cos 30) T
CD
(cos 30) + 62 lb = 0

or T
AD
+ T
BD
+ T
CD
= 71.591 lb

(2)

F
z
= 0:

T
AD
sin 30 cos 50 + T
BD
sin 30 sin 40 T
CD
sin 30 sin 60 = 0

or 0.64279T
AD
+ 0.64279T
BD
0.86603T
CD
= 0

(3)

Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:

T
AD
= 30.5 lb

T
BD
= 10.59 lb

T
CD
= 30.5 lb



From the solutions to Problems 2.111 and 2.112, have

T
BE
+ T
CF
+ T
DG

= 0.2 65 (2)

T
BE
sin 45 + T
CF
sin 30 T
DG
sin15 = 0

(3)

T
BE
cos 45 + T
CF
cos 30 T
DG
cos15 P
65 = 0 (1)

Applying the method of elimination to obtain a desired result:

Multiplying (2) by sin 45 and adding the result to (3):

T
CF
(sin 45 + sin 30) + T
DG
(sin 45 sin15) = 0.2 65 sin 45

or T
CF
= 0.94455 0.37137T
DG

Multiplying (2) by sin 30 and subtracting (3) from the result:

T
BE
(sin 30 + sin 45) + T
DG
(sin 30 + sin15) = 0.2 65 sin 30

or T
BE
= 0.66790 0.62863T
DG

(5)

Substituting (4) and (5) into (1) :

1.29028 1.73205T
DG
P

65 = 0

T
DG
is taut for P <
1.29028
lb

65

or 0 P 0.1600 lb


AC

=
+ + =


2 2 2

d
AB
= ( 30 ft ) + (24 ft ) + (32 ft )
= 50 ft

2 2 2

d
AC
=
( 30 ft ) + (20 ft )

T
AB

+ (12 ft )
= 38 ft
T
AB
= T
AB
AB
=
50 ft
(30 ft ) i + ( 24 ft ) j + (32 ft ) k

= T
AB
( 0.6i + 0.48j + 0.64k )

T

T
AC
= T
AC
AC
=
38 ft
(30 ft ) i + (20 ft ) j (12 ft ) k

30 20 12

= T
AC

38
i +
38
j
38
k

16 30

N =
34
Ni +
34
Nj

W = (175 lb ) j

At point A: F = 0:

i component:

j component:

k component:

T
AB
+ T
AC
+ N + W = 0
30 16

0.6T
AB

38
T
AC
+
34
N = 0

0.48T
20
T
30
N 175 lb 0

AB
38
AC
34
0.64T
12
T 0

AB
38
AC

(1)
(2)
(3)

Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:

T
AB
= 30.9 lb

T
AC
= 62.5 lb

+ + =
=


Refer to the solution of problem 2.119 and the resulting linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), (3). Include force
P = (45 lb ) k with other forces of Problem 2.119.

Now at point A: F = 0: T
AB
+ T
AC
+ N + W + P = 0

i component:
30 16

0.6T
AB

38
T
AC
+
34
N = 0

(1)

j component: 0.48T
20
T
30
N 175 lb 0

AB
38
AC
34

(2)

k component: 0.64T
12
T 45 lb 0

AB
38
AC

(3)

Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:

T
AB
= 81.3 lb

T
AC
= 22.2 lb


DG DG DG
CF CF CF


Note: BE shares the same unit vector as AB.
Thus:

BE
=
AB
=

T

( 25 mm ) cos 45i + (200 mm ) j (25 mm )sin 45k
201.56 mm
T
BE
= T
BE
BE
=
BE
(
25 mm
)
cos 45i +
(
200 mm
)
j
(
25 mm
)
sin 45k
201.56 mm

T

T = T =
CF
(
25 mm
)
cos 30i +
(
200 mm
)
j +
(
25 mm
)
sin 30k (
201.56 mm

T = T =

T
DG
( 25 mm ) cos15i + ( 200 mm ) j ( 25 mm ) sin15k

201.56 mm

W = W j;

P = P k

At point A: F = 0: T
BE
+ T
CE
+ T
DG
+ W + P = 0

BE
+ 0.107415T
CF
0.119806T
DG
= 0

j component: 0.99226T
BE
+ 0.99226T
CF
+ 0.99226T
DG
W = 0

(1)

(2)

k component:

0.087704T
BE
+ 0.062016T
CF
0.032102T
DG
+ P = 0

(3)

Setting W = 10.5 N and P = 0, and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:

T
BE
= 1.310 N

T
CF
= 4.38 N

T
DG
= 4.89 N



See Problem 2.121 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) below:

BE
+ 0.107415T
CF
0.119806T
DG
= 0

(1)

j component: 0.99226 T
BE
+ 0.99226 T
CF
+ 0.99226 T
DG
W = 0

(2)

k component: 0.087704T
BE
+ 0.062016T
CF
0.032102T
DG
+ P = 0

(3)

Setting W = 10.5 N and P = 0.5 N, and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:

T
BE
= 4.84 N

T
CF
= 1.157 N

T
DG
= 4.58 N


2

( )
2

2

2

2

2



u
D
uu
A
r
=
(
8 ft
)
i +
(
40 ft
)
j +
(
10 ft
)
k

2 2 2

DA =
( 8 ft ) + (40 ft ) + (10 ft )
= 42 ft

T
ADB

T = i +

j + k
DA
42 ft
(8 ft ) (40 ft ) (10 ft )

= T
ADB
( 0.190476i + 0.95238j + 0.23810k )
u
D
uu
B
r
= (3 ft ) i + (36 ft ) j (8 ft ) k

2 2 2

DB =
(3 ft ) + (36 ft ) + ( 8 ft )
= 37 ft

T
ADB

T = i +

j k
DB
37 ft
(3 ft ) (36 ft ) (8 ft )

= T
ADB
(0.081081i + 0.97297 j 0.21622k )
u
D
uu
C
r
= (a 8 ft ) i (24 ft ) j (3 ft ) k

DC =

( a 8 ft )

T
DC

+ ( 24 ft )

+ ( 3 ft ) =

( a 8)

+ 585 ft

At D

F = 0:
T
DC
=

( a 8)

+ 585
( a 8 ft ) i ( 24 ft ) j (3 ft ) k

F
x
= 0:

a 8

0.190476T
ADB
+ 0.081081T
ADB
+ T
DC
= 0

(1)

F
z
= 0:

0.23810T
ADB
0.21622T
ADB

(a 8)
3
2

+ 585

T
DC
= 0

(2)
( a 8)
+ 585

Dividing equation (1) by equation (2) gives

(a 8)
3
0.190476 0.081081

=
0.23810 + 0.21622

or a = 23 ft

Substituting into equation (1) for a = 23 ft and combining the coefficients for T
ADB
gives:

F
x
= 0: 0.109395T
ADB
+ 0.52705T
DC
= 0 (3)

continued



And writing F = 0

y
gives:

1.92535T
ADB
0.84327 T
DC
W = 0 (4)

Substituting into equation (3) for T
DC
= 17 lb gives:

0.109395T
ADB
+ 0.52705 (17 lb ) = 0

or

T
ADB
= 81.9 lb

Substituting into equation (4) for T
DC
= 17 lb and T
ADB
= 81.9 lb gives:

1.92535 (81.9 lb ) 0.84327 (17 lb ) W

or
= 0

W = 143.4 lb




See Problem 2.123 for the analysis leading to the linear
algebraic Equations (3) and (4) below:

0.109395T
ADB
+ 0.52705T
DC
= 0

(3)

1.92535T
ADB
0.84327 T
DC
W = 0

(4)

Substituting for W = 120 lb and solving equations (3) and (4) simultaneously yields

T
ADB
= 68.6 lb

T
DC
= 14.23 lb


\ .



d
AB
=
d
AC
=
d
AD
=
d
AE
=
( 2.7 m )
2
+ ( 2.4 m )
2
+ ( 3.6 m )
2
= 5.1 m

( 2.4 m )
2
+ (1.8 m )
2
= 3 m

(1.2 m )
2
+ ( 2.4 m )
2
+ ( 0.3 m )
2
= 2.7 m

( 2.4 m )
2
+ ( 2.4 m )
2
+ (1.2 m )
2
= 3.6 m

T
AB
= T
AB
AB

=
T
AB

5.1 m

( 2.7 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j (3.6 m ) k

| 9 8 12 |

= T
AB

17
i +
17
j
17
k
|

T
AC
= T
AC
AC

=
T
AC
( 2.4 m ) j + (1.8 m ) k (
3 m

= T
AC
(0.8j + 0.6k )

T
AD
= 2T
ADE
AD

=
2T
ADE
(1.2 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j (0.3 m ) k

2.7 m

| 8 16 2 |

= T
ADE
9
i + j k
|

9 9
\ .

continued

\ .

T
AE
= T
AE
AE

=
T
ADE

3.6 m

( 2.4 m ) i + (2.4 m ) j + (1.2 m ) k

| 2 2 1 |

= T
ADE

3
i +
3
j +
3
k
|

At point A:

F = 0:

W = Wj

T
AB
+ T
AC
+ T
AD
+ T
AE
+ W = 0

i component:

9
T

+
8
T

2
T = 0

(1)

17
AB
9
ADE
3
ADE

j component:
8
T

+ 0.8 T

+
16
T

+
2
T

W = 0

(2)

17
AB AC
9
ADE
3
ADE

k component:

12
T

+ 0.6 T

2
T

+
1
T = 0

(3)

Simplifying (1), (2), (3):
17
AB AC
9
ADE
3
ADE

81T
AB
+ 34T
ADE
= 0

(1)

72T
AB
+ 122.4T
AC
+ 374T
ADE
= 153 W

(2)

108T
AB
+ 91.8T
AC
+ 17 T
ADE
= 0

(3)

Setting W = 1400 N and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:

T
AB
= 203 N

T
AC
= 149.6 N

T
ADE
= 485 N



See Problem 2.125 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1
) , ( 2
) , and (3
) below:

i component: 81 T
AB
+ 34 T
ADE
= 0
(1
)

j component: 72 T
AB
+ 122.4 T
AC
+ 37.4 T
ADE
= 153 W
( 2
)

k component: 108 T
AB
+ 91.8 T
AC
+ 17 T
ADE
= 0
(3
)

Setting T
AB
= 300 N and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:

(a)

T
AC
= 221 N

(b) T
ADE
= 715 N

(c) W = 2060 N




Free-Body Diagrams of collars
For both Problems 2.127 and 2.128:
(
AB
)
2
= x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2

Here (1m )
2
= (0.40 m )
2
+ y
2
+ z
2

or y
2
+ z
2
= 0.84 m
2

Thus, with y given, z is determined.
Now

AB
=

AB
AB

=
1
(0.40i yj + zk ) m = 0.4i yk + zk

1 m
Where y and z are in units of meters, m.
From the F.B. Diagram of collar A:
F = 0:
N
x
i + N
z
k + Pj + T
AB

AB
= 0

Setting the j coefficient to zero gives:

P yT
AB
= 0
With P = 680 N,

T
AB
=
680 N

y

Now, from the free body diagram of collar B:
F = 0: N
x
i + N
y
j + Qk T
AB

AB
= 0

continued


Setting the k coefficient to zero gives:
Q T
AB
z = 0

And using the above result for T
AB
we have

680 N

Q = T
AB
z =
y
z

Then, from the specifications of the problem,
z
2
= 0.84 m
2
(0.3 m )
2

z = 0.866 m
y = 300 mm = 0.3 m

and

(a)

T =
680 N

= 2266.7 N

or
and
AB
0.30

T
AB

= 2.27 kN

(b)

or
Q = 2266.7 (0.866) = 1963.2 N

Q = 1.963 kN



From the analysis of Problem 2.127, particularly the results:

y
2
+ z
2
= 0.84 m
2

T
AB
=
680 N

y

Q =
680 N
z
y

With y = 550 mm = 0.55 m, we obtain:
z
2
= 0.84 m
2
(0.55 m )
2

z = 0.73314 m

(a)

and

T =
680 N

= 1236.36 N

or
and
AB
0.55

T
AB

= 1.236 kN

(b)

or
Q = 1236.36 ( 0.73314) N = 906 N

Q = 0.906 kN





(a) Have:

(b)

20 lb 14 lb
sin
=
sin 30

sin = 0.71428

= 180 (30 + 45.6)

= 104.4

= 45.6

R 14 lb

Then:
sin104.4
=
sin 30

R = 27.1 lb


\ .
\ .
\ .
\ .
\ .
\ .


We compute the following distances:

OA = (70)
2
+ (240)
2

= 250 mm

OB =

OC =
( 210)
2
+ ( 200)
2

(120)
2
+ ( 225)
2

= 290 mm

= 255 mm

500 N Force:

435 N Force:

510 N Force:

F = 500 N
| 70 |

x
250
|

F = +500 N
| 240 |

y
250
|

F = +435 N
| 210 |

x
290
|

F = +435 N
| 200 |

y
290
|

F = +510 N
| 120 |

x
255
|

F = 510 N
| 225 |

y
255
|

F
x
= 140.0 N

F
y
= 480 N

F
x
= 315 N

F
y
= 300 N

F
x
= 240 N

F
y
= 450 N



Note that the force exerted by BD on the pole is directed along BD, and the component of P along AC
is 450 N.

Then:

(a)

P =
450 N

cos 35

= 549.3 N

P = 549 N

(b) P
x
= ( 450 N ) tan 35

= 315.1 N

P
x
= 315 N




Free-Body Diagram Force Triangle

Law of Sines:

T
AC
sin115

=
T
BC
=

sin 5

5 kN
sin 60

(a)

(b)

T
AC
=

T
BC
=
5 kN
sin115 = 5.23 kN

sin 60

5 kN
sin 5 = 0.503 kN

sin 60

T
AC
= 5.23 kN

T
BC
= 0.503 kN




Free-Body Diagram

First, consider the sum of forces in the x-direction because there is only one unknown force:

F
x
= 0:

or
T
ACB
(cos 32 cos 42) ( 20 kN ) cos 42 = 0

Now

0.104903T
ACB

T
ACB

= 14.8629 kN

= 141.682 kN

(b)

T
ACB

= 141.7 kN

F
y

or

= 0: T
ACB
(sin 42 sin 32) + ( 20 kN ) sin 42 W = 0
(141.682 kN ) (0.139211) + (20 kN ) (0.66913) W = 0

(a)

W = 33.1 kN


y
y


Free-Body Diagram: Pulley A
F
x
= 0: 2P sin 25 P cos = 0

and

For

cos = 0.8452 or

= +32.3

= 32.3

F = 0: 2P cos 25 + P sin 32.3 350 lb = 0

For

= 32.3
or P = 149.1 lb 32.3

F = 0: 2P cos 25 + P sin 32.3 350 lb = 0

or P = 274 lb 32.3

F
F


(a) F
x
= F sin 30 sin 50 = 220.6 N (Given)

F =
220.6 N

sin30 sin50

= 575.95 N

(b)

cos
x
=
x

F

=
220.6

575.95

= 0.38302
F = 576 N

x
= 67.5

F
y
= F cos 30 = 498.79 N

F
y

cos
y
=
F
=
498.79
= 0.86605

575.95

y
= 30.0

F
z
= F sin 30 cos 50

= (575.95 N ) sin 30 cos 50

= 185.107 N

cos
z
=
z

F
=
185.107
= 0.32139

575.95

z
= 108.7

y
y
F


(a) F
z
= F cos
z

= (600 lb) cos136.8

= 437.38 lb F
z
= 437 lb

Then:

2 2 2 2

F = F
x
+ F
y
+ F
z

So: (600 lb)
2
= ( 200 lb )
2
+
(
F
)
2
+ ( 437.38 lb)
2

Hence: F = (600 lb )
2
(200 lb )
2
( 437.38 lb )
2

= 358.75 lb F
y
= 359 lb

(b)

cos
x
=
x

F
=
200
= 0.33333

600

x
= 70.5

F
y

cos
y
=
F
=
358.75
= 0.59792

600

y
= 126.7

R
R


P = (500 lb)[ cos 30 sin15i + sin 30j + cos 30 cos15k ]

= (500 lb)[0.2241i + 0.50j + 0.8365k ]

= (112.05 lb) i + ( 250 lb) j + (418.25 lb ) k

Q = (600 lb )[cos 40 cos 20i + sin 40j cos 40 sin 20k ]

= (600 lb )[0.71985i + 0.64278j 0.26201k ]

= ( 431.91 lb ) i + (385.67 lb) j (157.206 lb ) k

R = P + Q = (319.86 lb) i + (635.67 lb ) j + ( 261.04 lb) k

R = (319.86 lb)
2
+ (635.67 lb )
2
+ ( 261.04 lb)
2

R = 758 lb

= 757.98 lb

cos
x
=
x

R

=
319.86 lb
= 0.42199

757.98 lb

x
= 65.0

R
y

cos
y
=
R

=
635.67 lb

757.98 lb

= 0.83864

y
= 33.0

cos
z
=
z

R
=
261.04 lb

757.98 lb

= 0.34439

z
= 69.9




The forces applied at A are:

T
AB
, T
AC
, T
AD
and P
where P = Pj . To express the other forces in terms of the unit vectors
, , , we write

u
A
u
B
ur
= (0.72 m ) i + (1.2 m ) j (0.54 m ) k,
u
A
u
C
ur
= (1.2 m ) j + (0.64 m ) k,
u
A
u
D
ur
= (0.8 m ) i + (1.2 m ) j (0.54 m ) k,
u
A
u
B
ur

AB = 1.5 m
AC = 1.36 m
AD = 1.54 m
and T
AB
= T
AB

AB
= T
AB
AB

u
A
u
C
ur

=
(
0.48i + 0.8j 0.36k
)
T
AB

T
AC
= T
AC

AC
= T
AC
AC

=
(
0.88235j + 0.47059k
)
T
AC

u
A
u
D
ur

T
AD
= T
AD

AD
= T
AD
AD

= (0.51948i + 0.77922j 0.35065k )T
AD

Equilibrium Condition with W = Wj

F = 0:

T
AB
+ T
AC
+ T
AD
Wj = 0

Substituting the expressions obtained for T
AB
, T
AC
, and T
AD
and
factoring i, j, and k:

( 0.48T
AB
+ 0.51948T
AD
) i + (0.8T
AB
+ 0.88235T
AC
+ 0.77922T
AD
W ) j

+ (0.36T
AB
+ 0.47059T
AC
0.35065T
AD
) k = 0

Equating to zero the coefficients of i, j, k:

0.48T
AB
+ 0.51948T
AD
= 0

0.8T
AB
+ 0.88235T
AC
+ 0.77922T
AD
W = 0

Substituting
0.36T
AB
+ 0.47059T
AC
0.35065T
AD
= 0

T
AB
= 3 kN in Equations (1), (2) and (3) and solving the resulting set of equations, using
conventional algorithms for solving linear algebraic equations, gives

T
AC
= 4.3605 kN

T
AD
= 2.7720 kN

W = 8.41 kN




The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the
(scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with

AB =
(
32 in.
)
i
(
48 in.
)
j +
(
36 in.
)
k

AB = ( 32 in.)
2
+ ( 48 in.)
2
+ (36 in.)
2

AB T

= 68 in.
T
AB
= T
AB
= T
AB
AB

=
AB

(
32 in.
)
i
(
48 in.
)
j +
(
36 in.
)
k
68 in.

and
T
AB
= T
AB
( 0.47059i 0.70588j + 0.52941k )

AC =
(
45 in.
)
i
(
48 in.
)
j +
(
36 in.
)
k

AC = ( 45 in.)
2
+ ( 48 in.)
2
+ (36 in.)
2

AC T

= 75 in.
T
AC
= T
AC
= T
AC
AC

=
AC
(
45 in.
)
i
(
48 in.
)
j +
(
36 in.
)
k
75 in.

T
AC

= T
AC
(0.60i 0.64j + 0.48k )
Finally, AD = ( 25 in.) i ( 48 in.) j (36 in.) k

AD = ( 25 in.)
2
+ ( 48 in.)
2
+ ( 36 in.)
2

= 65 in.

continued


T
AD
= T
AD
= T
AD

AD
=

T
AD
( 25 in.) i ( 48 in.) j (36 in.) k

AD 65 in.

T
AD
= T
AD
(0.38461i 0.73846j 0.55385k )

With W = Wj, at A we have:

F = 0: T
AB
+ T
AC
+ T
AD
+ Wj = 0

Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic equations:

i : 0.47059T
AB
+ 0.60T
AC
0.38461T
AD
= 0

(1)

j: 0.70588T
AB
0.64T
AC
0.73846T
AD
+ W = 0

(2)

k : 0.52941T
AB
+ 0.48T
AC
0.55385T
AD
= 0

(3)

In Equations (1), (2) and (3), set T
AD

= 120 lb, and, using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic
Equations (MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:

T
AB

= 32.6 lb

T
AC

= 102.5 lb

W = 177.2 lb




The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the
(scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with

AB =
(
0.48 m
)
i +
(
0.72 m
)
j
(
0.16 m
)
k

AB = ( 0.48 m )
2
+ (0.72 m )
2
+ ( 0.16 m )
2

AB T

= 0.88 m
T
AB
= T
AB
= T
AB
AB

=
AB

(
0.48 m
)
i +
(
0.72 m
)
j
(
0.16 m
)
k
0.88 m

T
AB

= T
AB
( 0.54545i + 0.81818j 0.181818k )

and

AC =
(
0.24 m
)
i +
(
0.72 m
)
j
(
0.13 m
)
k

AC = (0.24 m )
2
+ (0.72 m )
2
(0.13 m )
2

AC T

= 0.77 m
T
AC
= T
AC
= T
AC
AC

=
AC
(
0.24 m
)
i +
(
0.72 m
)
j
(
0.13 m
)
k
0.77 m

T
AC

= T
AC
(0.31169i + 0.93506j 0.16883k )

At A: F = 0: T
AB
+ T
AC
+ P + Q + W = 0

Noting that T
AB

= T
AC
because of the ring A, we equate the factors of

i, j, and k to zero to obtain the linear algebraic equations:

i : ( 0.54545 + 0.31169)T + P = 0

or

j: (0.81818 + 0.93506)T W
P = 0.23376T

= 0

continued


or W = 1.75324T

k : ( 0.181818 0.16883)T + Q = 0

or Q = 0.35065T

With W = 1200 N :

T =
1200 N

1.75324

= 684.45 N

P = 160.0 N

Q = 240 N


Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

(600 mm) i + (360 mm) j + (270 mm) k

(600 mm) i + (320 mm) j (510 mm) k

(600 mm) i + (360 mm) j + (270 mm) k

(10 m) i (50 m) j (37 m) k

( 11 in.) i + (9.6 in.) j(

( 200 mm ) i (600 mm ) j + (150 mm ) k

( 200 mm ) i (600 mm ) j + ( 200 mm ) k

( 200 mm ) i (600 mm ) j ( 200 mm ) k

( 2.7 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j (3.6 m ) k

( 2.4 m ) i + (2.4 m ) j + (1.2 m ) k

( 25 in.) i ( 48 in.) j (36 in.) k

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