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CHAPTER
STATICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Friction
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Ninth
Square-Threaded Screws
Angles of Friction
Problems Involving Dry Friction
Sample Problem 8.1
Sample Problem 8.3
Wedges
8-2
Ninth
8-3
Ninth
8-4
Ninth
k 0.75 s
Maximum static-friction force and kineticfriction force are:
- proportional to normal force
- dependent on type and condition of
contact surfaces
- independent of contact area
8-5
Ninth
No friction,
(Px = 0)
No motion,
(Px < Fm)
Motion impending,
(Px = Fm)
Motion,
(Px > Fm)
8-6
Ninth
No friction
No motion
Motion impending
Fm s N
tan s
N
N
tan s s
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Motion
Fk k N
tan k
N
N
tan k k
8-7
Ninth
No
friction
No motion
Motion
impending
Motion
8-8
Ninth
Coefficient of static
friction is known
8-9
Ninth
8 - 10
Ninth
Fx 0 :
100 lb - 53 300 lb F 0
F 80 lb
Fy 0 :
N - 54 300 lb 0
N 240 lb
Fm 0.25 240 lb 48 lb
8 - 11
Ninth
0.20 240 lb
Factual 48 lb
8 - 12
Ninth
8 - 13
Ninth
Fy 0 : FA FB W 0
0.25 N A 0.25 N B W 0
0.5 N A W
N A N B 2W
x 12 in.
8 - 14
Ninth
Wedges - simple
machines used to raise
heavy loads.
Force required to lift
block is significantly
less than block weight.
Friction prevents wedge
from sliding out.
Block as free-body
Fx 0 :
N1 s N 2 0
Fy 0 :
W s N1 N 2 0
or
R1 R2 W 0
Wedge as free-body
Fx 0 :
s N 2 N3 s cos 6 sin 6
P0
Fy 0 :
N 2 N3 cos 6 s sin 6 0
or
P R2 R3 0
8 - 15
Ninth
Impending motion
upwards. Solve for
Q.
s , Self-locking, solve
for Q to lower load.
s , Non-locking, solve
for Q to hold load.
8 - 16
Ninth
8 - 17
Ninth
0.1273
7.3
2 r 10 mm
s 16.7
tan s s 0.30
Using block and plane analogy with impending
motion up the plane, calculate clamping force with
force triangle.
40 N m
Q r 40 N m
Q
8 kN
5 mm
Q
8 kN
tan s
W
W
tan 24
W 17.97 kN
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
8 - 18
Ninth
Q
W
Torque Q r 2.975 kN 5 mm
2.975 103 N 5 10 3 m
Torque 14.87 N m
8 - 19
Ninth
8 - 20
Ninth
Rr k
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For graphical
solution, R must be
tangent to circle of
friction.
r r sin
f
r k
8 - 21
Ninth
R22 R12
M
k P
2 R2
R22 R12
23 k P
2
r drd
0R
R23 R13
R22 R12
8 - 22
Ninth
8 - 23
Ninth
SOLUTION:
With the load on the left and force
P on the right, impending motion
is clockwise to raise load. Sum
moments about displaced contact
point B to find P.
Impending motion is counterclockwise as load is held
stationary with smallest force P.
Sum moments about C to find P.
With the load on the left and force
P acting horizontally to the right,
impending motion is clockwise to
raise load. Utilize a force triangle
to find P.
8 - 24
Ninth
MB 0:
8 - 25
Ninth
MC 0 :
8 - 26
Ninth
0.0707
OD 2 in. 2
4.1
sin
8 - 27
Ninth
Fx 0 : T T cos T cos s N 0
2
2
Fy 0 : N T T sin T sin 0
2
2
Combine to eliminate N, divide through by ,
T
T sin 2
cos
s T
2
2
2
In the limit as goes to zero,
dT
sT 0
d
Separate variables and integrate from 0 to
T2
T2
ln s or
e s
T1
T1
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
8 - 28
Ninth
8 - 29
Ninth
600 lb
e 0.25 2 3 1.688
T1
600 lb
355.4 lb
1.688
MA 0:
8 - 30