DIAPHRAGM / CERVICAL CAP

The diaphragm is a small dome-shaped latex cup with a flexible ring that fits
over the cervix. The cup acts as a physical barrier against the entry of sperm into the
uterus. A diaphragm is usually used along with spermicide. The diaphragm has a
relatively high failure rate, about 16% over the first year of use. However, it is
considered a good choice by women whose health or lifestyle prevents them from using
more effective hormonal contraceptives.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Diaphragm

Advantages
The diaphragm can be carried in a purse, can be inserted up to two hours before
intercourse begins, and usually cannot be felt by either partner. It also does not interfere
with a womans hormones.
Disadvantages and complications
Common complications when using a diaphragm are that some women dislike
having to insert the device every time they have intercourse, or have trouble mastering
the insertion and removal process. The diaphragm can also be dislodged during sex
and the failure rate is high, about 16%. Additionally, the diaphragm does not protect
against STIs. Frequent urinary tract infections and vaginal infections can be a problem
for some women when using a diaphragm.


How to insert a diaphragm
During the fitting process, a fitting ring is inserted into the vagina. The largest ring
that fits comfortably is usually the size chosen. Diaphragms can be inserted up to two
hours before sex, because spermicide is only effective for two hours. If the woman
inserts her diaphragm more than two hours before intercourse, she will have to insert
more spermicide into her vagina later. As a general rule, diaphragms should be
replaced every one to two years.

Guidelines for diaphragm insertion
Before or after each use, the woman should hold the diaphragm up to the light, or
fill it with water, to check for holes, tears or leaks.
A small amount of spermicide (about one tablespoon) is usually placed inside the
cup, and some is smeared around the lip of the cup.
The device is then folded in half and inserted into the vagina by hand, or with the
assistance of a plastic inserter.
The diaphragm should fit over the cervix, blocking entry to the uterus.
If more than six hours pass before repeat intercourse occurs, the diaphragm can
be left in place, and extra spermicide inserted into the vagina using an applicator.
The diaphragm must remain in the vagina for six to eight hours after the final act
of intercourse, and can safely stay there up to 24 hours after insertion.
The diaphragm should be washed with soap and warm water after each use, and
then dried and stored in its original container, which should be kept in a cool dry
place.