Barnaamijka Degsiimada Aadamaha

ee Qarammada Midoobay

12. Xildhibaanka G/degaanka oo ah Hoggaamiye

Taxanaha
Xildhibaanka G/degaanka oo ah
Tababarka
Hoggaamiye
Komishanka Tilmaame-bare 12
Yurub
Tababarka Hoggaanka la Doortay
X arunta
Q M ee
D egsiim ada
A adanaha
(H abitat)

X ildhibaanka G olaha D egaanku

m arkuu yahay H oggaam iye

Tilm aam e-baraha 12aad

Tababarka H oggaanka la soo doorto

Tarjum addii:A kaadem iga N abadda iyo H orum arka (A PD )

Istanbul,1996kii-“Shir M adaxeedkiiC aasim adaha”

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka
 Saw irrada w axa iska leh JoelElrod,
N aqshadaha iyo jaan-goynta na V ickiG illette

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

H S/718/04SO

ii
 H O RDH AC
Sida lagu m uujiyey natiijooyinka qiim aynta baahiyaha tababarka ee ay qabatay X arunta
Q M ee D egsiim ada A adanaha (H abitat), baahiyaha tababarka ee khuseeya m adaxda
(X ildhibaannada)la soo doortay ee D aw ladda H oose,am a se siyaasiyiinta gudaha,w axa
loo arkaa inay ku jiraan arrim aha caalam ahaan ugu m uhiim san, isla m arkaana, ugu
danaynta yar dhinacyada dhism aha w ax-qabadka ee horum arka D aw ladda H oose iyo
m aam ulkeeda.

Sannadihiiyaraa ee ugu danbeeyey,tiro dalalkala duw an ah,sida N epaliyo Polland am a

U ganda iyo Paruguay ayaa ku tallaabsaday m arkiiugu horreysay m uddo tobanaan sano
ah, m eelaha qaarna w eligood m arkii ugu horraysay, haw sha doorashada
X ildhibaannadooda G olaha D egaanka iyo D uqaydooda m agaalooyinka. Baahiyaha
tababarka ee m adaxda la soo doorto ee D aw ladda H oose w axay xagga sare ugaga jiraan
ajendaha dim oqraadiyadaha cagaha loo taagay/dhism ay,sida Ecuador,India iyo dalka
M arykanka (U SA ).

Si w ax looga qabto baahiyahan , X arunta Q M ee D egsiim ada A adanaha (H A BITA T)

w axay hore u dhigtay oo ay tijaabisay taxanayaal buugaag Tilm aam e-barayaal ah oo
tababarka ku lug leh si ay uga taageeraan X ildhibaannada G olaha D egaanka in ay ka
w akiilo noqdaan m uw aadiniinta,siiyaan hoggaam inta loo baahan yahay m agaalo iyo dad
ahaan ba,sihaw l-karnim o leh ula shaqeeyaan D aw ladda D hexe iyo m aam ulka,farsam o-
yaqaannada iyo xirfadlayaasha sare ee shaqaalaha D aw ladda H oose iyo hay’adaha la hal-
m aala. Tilm aam e-barayaashani w axay sharxayaan siyaasad iyo go’aan-qaadasho, is-
gaadhsiin,gorgortan iyo hoggaam in,ka-qayb-gelidda,agaasinka iyo hagidda shiraraka,
xilalka karti-gelineed iyo fududeyneed ee X ildhibaanka G olaha D egaanka, m aam ulka
m aaliyadeed iyo arrim aha kale ee la hal-m aala.

Tilm aam e-barahan, X ildhibaanka G olaha D egaanku m arkuu yahay M as’uul

M aaliyadeed, w uxu ka m id yahay taxanayaal 12 ah, w axaana loogu talog-alay bilow
ahaan in ay adeegsadaan tababarayaasha hay’adaha tababarka w addaniga ah ee
D aw ladda H oose am a se unugyada/w aaxaha tababarka ee ku dhex yaal D aw ladaha
X /dhibaanka H oose.Siay ugu noqoto taageero dheeraad ah tababarayaasha adeegsanaya Tilm aam e-
D egaanku barayaashan,X arunta Q M ee D egsiim ada A adanuhu ( H A BITA T) w axa kale oo ay soo
m arkuu yahay daabacday buug kale oo kaabaya am a lam m aane/w ehel u ah taxanahan Tilm aam e-
H oggaam iye barayaasha ah.Buuggan la yidhaa “Tusaha Tababaraha ee Tababarka Saraakiisha la soo
doorto” oo ka kooban qoraallo tababaraha khuseeya iyo m acluum aadba,w axa loogu talo-
Taxanaha galay in tababaruhu uga faa’iidaysto qorshaynta aqoon-is-w eydaarsiyada Saraakiisha la
A gabka
soo doorto ee ku salaysan Tilm aam e-barayaashan.
Tababarka
W axaan filayaa in Tilm aam e-barayaashani si w eyn w ax uga tari doonaan xoojinta
dhism aha aw oodda w ax-qabad ee D aw ladaha H oose, dhinaca unkidda dhaqam m ada
hoggaam inta w acan, kuw aas oo ka m id ahaa ujeeddooyinkii w aaw eynaa ee 1996kii
Shirw eynihiiX arunta Q M ee D egsiim ada A adanaha,H abitatII.

iii W axaan u m ahad-naqayaa D r. Fred Fisher iyo M udane D avid W .Tees kaalintii ay ka
 qaateen diyaarinta Tilm aam e-barayaashan iyo kuw o kale oo ku jira taxanayaashan,iyaga
oo la kaashaday shaqaalaha X arunta Q M ee D egsiim ada A adanaha (H A A BITA T)
Q aybta Tababrka ee ka tirsan isla X aruntaa Q M oo ay taageero u fidisay D aw ladda
N etherlands.W axa kale oo aan rabaa in aan xuso iyo m adaxda D aw ladda H oose ee Costa
Rica,ElSalvador,K enya,Lithuania,Rom ania iyo U ganda ee naga caaw iyay tijaabintii
goobeed ee Tilm aam e-barayaashan.

D r.W ally N ’D ow
K aaliyaha X oghayaha -G uud
X arunta Q aram ada M idoobay ee
D egsiim ada A adanaha (H abitat

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

iv
 A Q O O N SI
Tarjum adda iyo habaynta af Soom aaliga ah ee Tilm aam e-barayaasha H oggaanka la soo
doortay w axay ku hirgashay Barnaam ajka Is-m aam ulka Fiican iyo Tababarka H oggaanka
la soo doortay ee ay m aal-gelisay EU -du,isla m arkaana uu fuliyay X afiis G oboleedka
U N -H A BITA T ee A frika iyo D alalka Carbeed.

Tarjum adda iyo habaynta af Soom aaliga ah ee Tilm aam e-barayaashan Tababarka
H oggaanka la soo doortay, w axa ka haw l-galay koox tarjum adda ku xeel dheer oo ka
tirsan: A kaadem iga N abadda iyo H orum arka, Jaam icadda H argeysa iyo Jaam icadda
Cam m uud;iyaga oo ay ka caaw isay H ay’adda Q M ee H A BITA T,laanteeda H argeysa ku
taal.

M ahad-naq gaar ah w axa m udan A kaadem iga N abadda iyo H orum arka oo ka haw l-
gashay tifaf-tirka iyo isu-ekeysiinta Tilm aam e-barayaashan.

W axa kale oo m ahad-naq m udan Jacfar M axam ed G aaddaw eyne oo A kaadem iga
N abadda iyo H orum arka ee Som aliland ka tirsan, M axam ed M uum in oo Jaam icadda
Bariga A frika ee Puntland ka tirsan iyo M axam ed A frax oo X arunta Cilm i-baadhista iyo
D ood-w adaagga ee K oonfurta-D hexe ee Soom aaliya ka tirsan, kuw aas oo w ada
diyaariyay tarjum adda ereyada Ingiriisiga ah ee Tilm aam e-barayaashan ku jira.

M ahad-naq gaarah w axa isna m udan M aciejSudra oo diyaariyay astaam aha iyo
naqshadaha jaldiyada Tilm aam e-barayaashan.

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

v
X agga
koofiyadda
K oofiyadda uu
xidhan yahay
qofka geesta
m idigta xigaa K oofiyad m aam uuseed oo ay xidhaan
oo lagu xoolo-raacatada buuraleyda Y urubta Bari.
m uujiyey bogag
soo socda w axa
loo soo qaatay
inay astaan u
noqdaan
kaalinta
xildhibaanka
deegaanka ee
lagu bandhigay
buuggan
tilm aam e
baraha ah
talooyinkii iyo
tilm aam ihii ay
ku darsadeen
Tabarayaasha

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

vi
 H alka uu kaga jiro tilm aam e-barahan
Bogga

Sida loo isticm aalayo buuggan 1

Q aybta 1aad

Q orm o la xidhiidha xildhibaanka deegaanku m arkuu

yahay H oggaam iye 3
Q eexid 4
Soo-ururin 4
M ilicsi 4
A ragtiyaha xiisaha leh ee la w adaago 5
H oggaam intu w axay ku lug leedahay m aam ulidda
doorardhow rah 5
M ilicsi 7
A ragtiyaha xiisaha leh ee la w adaago 8
K a-hor-degid,m uddada dheer 9
K a-w akiil-noqosho 10
K arti-gelinta dad kale 11
Igm asho/w akiilasho:suurto-gelinteeda hay’adda gudaheeda 12
H irgelinta Fikradaha 12
X alliibnaan iyo xisaabin 13
Barbaarinta hoggaam inta danbe 13
M ilicsi 13
Q odobbo m uhiim ah 15
Raad-raac 16

Q aybta 2aad

A qoon-is-w eydaarsiku lug leh xildhibaanka deegaanku

m arkuu yahay H oggaam iye 17
M uuqaalguud 19
12.1 Laylidiyaargarow ah:M axay qabtaan hoggaam iyayaashu 22
12.2 D iraasad X aaladeed:dhacdo akhlaaqeed 24
X /dhibaanka 12.3 Bandhigga tababaraha 26
D egaanku 12.4 Suurtageliyaha:W axqabadka hoggaam nta la soo doortay 27
m arkuu yahay 12.5 La Tashiiyo gudbinta xirfadaha 32
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

vii
X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

viii
 SID A LO O ISTIC M A A LA Y O TILM A A M E-BA R A H A N
Tilm aam e-barahan Tababarka ee X ILD H IBA A N K A G O LA H A D EG A A N K U
M A RK U U Y A H A Y M A S’U U L M A A LIY A D EED ,sida Tilm aam e-barayaashan kale ee
taxanahan,w axa loo isticm aalikaraa siyaalo badan.

D iraasad kuu gaar ah

Q orm ada Tilm aam e-barahaniku bilaabm ayo w axa loogu talo-galay in aad iskaa w ax ugu
baratid.W axa keliya ee aad u baahan tahay w aa m eeldeggan oo aad ku fekertid,w aqti
iyo w arqado aad w ax ku qortid.Siaad u hesho natiijooyinka ugu fiican,w axaanu kugu
dhiirri-gelinaynaa in aad qorto jaw aabaha su’aalaha ka dhasha qorm ada. Q iim aha
barashada ee akhristaha tubtan raaca ayaa laban-laabanta.

Tababarka aqoon-is-w eydaarsiga:

Q oraallada Tababaraha iyo agabka layliga ee Tilm aam e-barayaasha w axa loogu talo-
galay in ay adeegsadaan tababarayaasha w aayo-aragga ahi m arka ay w adaan aqoon-is-
w eydaarsiyada tababarrada ee X ildhibaannada D aw lado H oose oo kala duw an. A gabka
casharada iyo layliyada tababaraha ee buugan loogu talo galay in ay isticm aalaan
tabarayaasha w aay-araga ah ee aqoon isw eydaarsigan tababarka ah ee xildhibaanada
daw ladda hoose ee kala gedisan. W axa ku jira qaabab w axbarasho oo kala duw an iyo
habab tabarayaashu u suura gelin kara inay w aafajiyaan aqoon isw eydaarsiga duruufaha
u gaarka ah xildhibaanada.

U jeedooyinka buugan loo qoray w axa ay kugu dhiirigalinayaan in aad ku biiriso w aayo-
aragnim adaada tababarenim o siaad sare ugu qaado agabyada tababarka ee xildhibaanada
daw ladda hoose.

Tababarow w axa aad dooran kartaa in aad sidiisa u raacdo agabka buugan taxanaha ah
uu u yaalo. H addiise aad ka door bido w aad kala horm arsan kartaa am a w axbaad ka
bedeli kartaa haddii loo baahdo si loo gaadho ujeedooyinka iyo xaaladaha u gaarka ah
tababarkasta.

W axa aad dooran kartaa tababar saddex saacadood ah adiga oo isticm aalaya layliyada
X /dhibaanka buugan.A m a w axa aad ka faa’iideysan kartaa agabyada badan ee buugan adiga oo ku
D egaanku biirsanaya w aayo aragnim adaada siaad uga dhigato tababarm aalin dhan socda.
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye Buuganiw axa uu ka m id yahay 12 buug oo taxane ah oo lagu tababaro hogaam iyayaasha
la soo doortay. W axa aad dooran kartaa am a lagaa codsan karaa in aad qabato aqoon
Taxanaha isw eydaarsikaaga baahan in aad isticm aasho dhaw r buug am a dham m aantood oo m udo
A gabka dheer soconaya. W alow buug kasta loo isticm aali karo gaar ahaantii, hadana
Tababarka w axtarkooda iyo ka faa’iideysigooda w axa uu ka badan yahay m arka taxanaha oo dhan
ay qaataan xildhibaanada daw ladda hoose.

1
 Tababar-kooxeedka:
M arka la helo tababare xirfad iyo w aayo-aragnim o leh, agabyada w axa kale oo loo
isticm aalayaa si ay u kordhiyaan w ax-qabadka (perform ance) xildhibaanada m eel ka
w ada shaqeeya m arka la tababaryo. X ildhibaanada m eel ka w ada shaqeeya, w axa la
rum eysan yahay tababaruhu in uu haw laha tababarada ee buugan uu soo diyaariyo una
habeeyo in uu ku daro w ax dheeraad ah isaga oo tixgalinaya duruufaha iyo sifooyinka
kooxda la tababarayo.W axa la rajeynayaa xaaladaha noocan ah in loo arko buugan in uu
yahay agab adeeg (tool kit) oo ay ku jiraan habab tababar oo kala duw an oo la isku
badhxikaro,la isw aafajin karo,w ax lagu darikaro lagana saarikaro hadba sida haboon.

W axa aad haysataa fursad aad ku kala dooranayso noocyada tababarada buugan.W axa
lagu rajo w eyn yahay in aad sida ugu fiican uga faa’iideysato.

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

2
 Q aybta 1aad

Q orm ada

X ildhibaanka D egaanku
m arkuu yahay H oggaam iye
X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

3
Q orm o Q eexid
X ildhibaanka D egaanku, m arka uu ku jiro kaalinta ah H O G A A M IY A H A w uxu ku
talaabsadaa dham aan doorarka uu am ro siay ugu suurtogasho inuu ugu helo is beddelo
w acan oo w ax ku oolah nolosha codbixiyayaasha iyo bulshadaba.

Soo-ururin
W axaanu calaam adinaynaa/astaam o u yeelaynaa doorarkaaga m arka aad tahay m adax
daw ladda hoose ah oo la soo doortay. Iyadoo aanu rum aysanahay dham m aan doorarkii
hore ee kow iyo tobanka ahaa m arka la isu keeno,haddiisidadaaliyo nidarleh aad uga
soo baxdo,ay taasikaa dhigayso hoggaam iye bulsho,haddana hoggaam intu intaas kum a
eka.
W axaanu kuu soo qaban doonaa siyaalaha qaar xirfadahan shakhsi iyo khibradahaba,
kolka la isu geeyo, ay kuu akidi karaan halka aad ka taagan tahay/kaga jirto liiska
m agacyada huw an sharafta bulshada,kuw aasoo ah kuw a dhab ahaan w ax u qabta.

M ilicsi
M arkaan iska dhigo hoggaam iye,w axa m askaxdayda kusoo dhacaa w aa sidan hoos ku
m uujisan:-

1. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
X /dhibaanka 2. ___________________________________________________
D egaanku ___________________________________________________
m arkuu yahay ___________________________________________________
H oggaam iye 3. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Taxanaha ___________________________________________________
A gabka
Tababarka

4
Q orm o A ragtiyaha xiisaha leh ee la w adaago

John G ardner ayaa ina xasuusinaya,”hoggaam intu w axa nadiif ah m aaha”. Tusaale,
go’aam ada w aa la gaadhaa, dib ayaana loo eegaa am a cuyub ayaa loo celiyaa. Is
afgaranw aayadu had iyo goor w ay dhacaan,nidaam la’aantuna w aa w axaan la gefeyn.
H adafkaad gadhaa hadafka xiga ayuun buu kaaga dhigayaa m id sidii hore ka degdeg
badan loo qabanayo; xal kasta gudihiisa w axa ku jira iniinyo ay leeyihiin m ushkilado
cusub. Sida D onald M ichael inoo sheegayna, xilliyada inta badan am m uuraha
badankoodu gacm aha kuugum a jiraan. M a jiro hoggaam iye ka hela/m absuuda
xaqiiqada,haddana hoggaam iye w alba w uu og yahay.H oggaam iyuhu w aa aragti-bixiye
iyo qofw ax-qabadkiisa ku m asila qiyam la ugu sarreeya ee m ujtam aca.

W ax la yaqaan m a u egtahay? W ay u eg tahay.K aalinta hoggaam iyaha bulshadau aad

ayey uga dhib badan tahay “hoggaam iyaha” calam ka ganacsiga iyo w ershadaha.N iibta
(u quturka)iyo hubantila’aanta ku jira m arkaad noqoto m adax la soo doortay m aanta iyo
cahdigan (w aqigan)aynu ku jirno,w aa is-beddelka laxaadka leh ee ka dhacaya heerarka
bulshada gebi ahaanteed –m in duleedkaaga ilaa bulshada adduunw eynaha. M ar-m arka
qaarkood w axbaba kulam a aha haddii isbeddelka kuu m uuqadaa uu daaradaada ka
dhacayo am ase m eel ah badhtam aha adduunka.Saam aynta uu ku yeeshaa daryeelka
bulshadiina w uxu noqon karaa m id siisleeg u degdeg badan halisna ku noqda xilliyada
fog ee inagu soo foolleh.

H oggaam intu w axay ku lug leedahay m aam ulidda doorar dhow r ah

M arkii aanu ku dhaqaaqnay m urtidan tababarka, w axa si is dabajoog ah naloo
xasuusiyey in heerka guusha ee laga gaadhi doono hirgelinta m id kasta oo ka m id ah
doorarkan ay ugu xidhan tahay si am a siyaalo kale in allaale inta kale oo dhan. A m a,
haddiiaynu sikale u dhigno,w ixiikasta ee aad isku taxalujiso qabashadoodaba arrim o
kale ayey hoosta iskaga xidhan yihiin/tiirsan yihiin. Fahm ada ah in w ax w aliba xidhiidh
la leeyihiin w ax kale w axa laga yaabaa inay tahay ka m id xirfadaha aynaan w eli ka
hadalee haddana dhibaatada ku haya hoggaam inta bulshada. H adda aynu eegno inaynu
soo qaban karno tusaalooyin yaroo ah sida loola kulm o hoos iskaga noolaantasi.

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku 1. H addiiaad go’aansato in aad dad kale caaw isid m axaa loo baahan yahay inaad ku
m arkuu yahay kacdo bulshada dhexdeeda,adigoo aan dedaalkaas lacag/m aalay daw ladda hoose
H oggaam iye leedahay ku kharashgaraynayn (m asalan,iyadoo aad u suurtogelisid w aalidka aan
ubadkooda la noolayn ee saboolka ah,in loo dhiso guryo ay galaan oo aan dakhli
Taxanaha w eyn kallifin, w axa iyana laga yaabaa inaad u xidhato dhow r koofiyadood oo
A gabka (tuuriyo tirbiicoba isu yeeshid)siam m uurtaasiay u hirgasho. Tusaale:
Tababarka W axaad curisaa siyaasad goleed oo khusaysa m aalka gaar ahaaneed iyo
tallaabooyinka ugu horeeya ee aad qaadilahayd;
Isticm aalaw ooddiiaad “xidhiidhka” ku sam ayn lahayd siaad u ogaato in
hay’adihiiku habboonaa ay niyad ka tahay taakulaynta ashkhaastan soona
5 hel aqoonta iyo farsam ooyinka ku habboon iyo w eliba qalab qiim ihiisu
Q orm o hooseeyo;

K a qayb qaado heshiis ku lug leh heerar w axaqabad ee caqligalka ah,

kaasoo dhexm aridoona kuw a dhism aha qaabilsan iyo jaararkooda.

2. A m a w axaad doonikartaa inaad soo kordhiso cashuuraha berriga ee laga qaado

hantida, adigoo u haw lgelaya dib-u-qiim ayna ku sam aynaya hantidii hore u
diiw aan gashanayd iyo adigoo kusoo siyaadinaya dhism e cusub liiska cashuuraha
hantida (kolkaasoo aad la soo baxayso kaalintaadiiam ah-bixiyaha (Financier).Si
aad u m eelm arisid hadafkan w axaad u baahan kartaa:
Inaad suurtogeliso kulam o bulsho,kuw aasoo aad garan karto in la iskaga hor
im an doono ujeedada goluhu uu ka leeyahay ku dhaqaaqidda barnaam ijka
noocaas ah;
Inaad isticm aasho kartidaada w ar deeqsiinim o oo aad ka dhaadhiciso
bulshada baahida loo qabo barnaam ijkaas oo kale iyo caw aaqibka ka im an
kara w aaga dam be,haddiigoluhu aanu qaadin tallaabada lagam a m aarm aanka
ah;iyo
Inaad gaadhid go’aam m o adag oo khuseeya cashuuraha hantida ee noocyada
kala duw an ee dhism ayaasha ah.
3. A digoo korm eeraya dham m aystirnadaafadeed oo la xidhiidha haw lgalhorleh oo
godad buuxin ah,w axaad ogaatay inay jirto khatarkasoo foolleh w asakh/khashin
ka im anaya w ershadaha m agaalada ta ugu w eyn. W axaad goosatay xalka guusha
leh ee dhibaatadan khuseeyaa inuu u baahan doono arrim ahan:
D haqangelinta siyaasad ka caqli galsan tii hore oo loo dejiyo qubidda/daadinta
noocyada kala geddisan ee khashinka adag;
K ulam o aad la yeelato kabiiro dhow r ah iyo hoggaam iyayaasha w ershadaha si
aad siw acan ugu faham to natiijooyinka ka im an kara gelitaanka m ushkiladdan
m urugsan (kaalintaada xidhiidhiyaha ah);iyo
K ala-xaajoodka W asaaradda Ilaalinta D eegaanka inay ku gaalaa bixiyaan/la dul
joogaan korm eerid khashinada khatartu ka im an karto ee lagu shubayo goobaha
khashin-qubka.
X /dhibaanka
D egaanku M ushkiladda noocan ahiw axay u baahan kartaa in go’aam o laga gaadho kharashka ku
m arkuu yahay bixidoona m eelaynta khashinkaas.W axa laga yaabaa inaad doontid inaad u fiiro yeelatid
H oggaam iye qandaraas aad siisid w aaxda gaar si ay ugu suurow do inay m ushkiladdan w ax uga
qabtaan.H addiiay suurtogalnoqon w eydo in loo helo xalw adajir ah arinkan,w axaad u
Taxanaha dhow dahay inaad dan m ooddo inaad ka qaaddo dadka leh w ershadda tallaabo ciqaab leh
A gabka
(isticm aalka aw ooddaada sandullaynta/dad m uquuninta).
Tababarka
Sidaad adba arkikarto,kaalinta hoggaam intu w axay bilked u noqon doontaa kartidaada
aad ku keenayso oo aad kusoo qaadanayso xirfadihii iyo dhaqanadii aynu kaga soo
faalloonay m urtiyihiitababarka. A rrinku m a aha w ax keliya oo aad halm ar qabanayso
am ase kaalin qudha oo aad gelayso. W axa w eeye karti aad ku fikirayso oo aad si
qaabaysan w ax uga qabanayso niibo kala jaad ah oo xaddi badan ee ku soo bulqanaya
golayaasha deegaanka casrigan ee sida xaw liga leh isu beddelaya.M a aha inaad qaabab
keliya ka fekertid. X ubnaha golaha deegaanku, hoggaam iyayaal ahaan, w aa inay ku
6
Q orm o shaqayn karaan shuruudahan iyagana.
M axaanu uga dan leenahay erayadan,“ ku shaqaynta shuruudaha qaababka?” iyadoo ay
adag tahay in lagu sharxo erayo kooban, w axa w eeye sam aynta go’aam ada iyo ku
dhaqankooda iyadoo si buuxda loo aqoonsanayo aragtiyaha iyo xaqiiqada xidhiidhada
w ada jiree m ar-m arka la yeesho,hoos-iskaga xidhnaanta
falalkeena, iyo dheellitirka aw oodda leh ee qaababka m urugsan/m urgan. A m ase,
m arkaynu si ka sii sahlan u dhigno ( aqoonsadka inaynaan si w acan u fahm ayn w axa
loola jeedo w eedha dam be inkastoo aynu sheegnay!),tallaabo kasta oo goluhu uu qaado
w axa ka hor im anaya caabbiyo,kuw aasoo intooda badaniay soo baxaan ujeeddo la’aan
iyo lam a filaan.Taas m icnaheedu w uxu yahay w aa inaad ka fikirto m eelo ka durugsan
xuduudaha falalkaaga, si aad u m ale aw aasho/u saadaaliso w axa soo bixi doona ee ka
dam bayn doona tallaabooyinka aad qaadday, una diyaargaroobi lahayd inaad tallaabo
kale qaaddo. Q aabab ku shaqayntu, iyadoo ka dhigan dhinac aan ka go’i karin
hoggaam inta, w axa w eeye adigoo si guuli ku jirto u kora m ow jad aad adiga laftaadu
kicisay/dhalisay. W axaanu rum aysanahay inay arrintaasi la m id tahay w ixii uu
m arxuum kii,K arlW allenda,hindisaayihiiw eynaa ee qof sam eeya w aayirka gigtiran ee
aerial-ka ugu horreeyey, uga jeeday m arkii uu lahaa, “kolkaad xadhiga gigtiran saran
tahay w aad nooshahay;w ixiikale oo dham iw aa ha ku sugaan”.

M ilicsi
Soo xasuuso w aqtiaad qabatay doorhoggaam in ah adigoo xubin ka ah golaha deegaanka
w axaanad qoraal ka dhigtaa w axaan fidsanayn oo ah dhinacyada m uhiim ka ah ee
dhacdada. K a fekir doorarka kala geddisan ee aynu ka w ada hadalnay ee ku lug leh
m urtiyaha tababarka.K aalintee ayaad jishay/m atishay m arkii aad qaadatay guud ahaan
doorka hoggaam inta ee xaaladda aad soo xasuusatay? H addii aad fursad u heli lahayd
inaad xaaladdaas dib ugu noolaato arrim ahee ayaad w ax ka beddeli lahayd? M axay
yihiin talooyinkaaga hoggaam inta ee ugu w aaw eyni? Sidee ayaad u m alaynaysaa inaad u
kordhin lahayd kartidaada la xidhiidha hoggaam inta, adigoo haysta
dhaqanada/dabeecadaha kala duw an ee ku lingaxan hoggaam inta doorashada ku tim id?
M a jiraan dhaqam o/dabeecado kale oo aad ku w addo inay m uhiim yihiin,haseyeeshee,
X /dhibaanka aan lagu soo darin m urtiyahan? H addiiay sidaas tahay,m axay yihiin?
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye
_______________________________________________________________
Taxanaha _______________________________________________________________
A gabka _______________________________________________________________
Tababarka _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

7
Q orm o A ragtiyaha xiisaha leh ee la w adaago
Tilm aam e-baahan “ X ildhibaanka D egaanku m arka uu yahay Tub-dejiye” w axa aanu ka
sheekaynay ahm iyadda ay leedahay hadaf-yeelashadu iyo qorshaha m udada-dheer,
laakiin xoogga m a aanu saarin in ku filan.
H adaf-yeelashadu,haddii lagu sam eeyo xaaladda im m ika taagan ee runta ah oo keliya
w ax dhan m a noqonayso.X aaladda,adigoo ka dhigan hoggaam iye bulsho,aad ku curiso
go’aanadaada,si xaw li leh ayey isu bedeshaa,taasoo fikradaada ah w aqtiga ka gaadh-
gaadhsiiay inta badan lafteedu noqoto natiijo la hubo oo dib u dhac leh.
W axa loo baahan yahay w aa karti lagu fakiro shuruudaha w axa dadka qaar ay ugu
yeedhaan indheer-garasho w adajir. Bal aynu daym o intaas ka dhow u yeelano
m asuu’liyaddan. A ragtida fog w axay tahay kartida lagaga fakiro m ustaqbalka xagga
w axyaalaha loo baahan yahay in la qabto hadda siloola jaanqaado siguulleh w axaynu is
leenahay w aqtiyada soo socda ayaa la im an doona. H oggaam iyaha la soo doortay ee
daw ladda hoose,w axay u tahay aw ood dhism e oo uu qorshe m ustaqbalka la xidhiidha
habab run ah ugu dejiyo, si uu u gaadho go’aam o is daba-joog ah oo dhagxan sees u
noqda m ushkilad-xalilka bulshada hab w aa dam be la beddelikaro,am a laga guurikaro
haddiiloo baahdo,siuu u daboolo baahiyaha iyo niibaha runta ah ee soo boodidoona.

Si loogu qaato qof ilhaansan/loo qiro inuu m eel fog w ax ka arki karo, indheer-
garashadaasi w aa inay ku dhaqaajiso/ku kiciso xasuuso aad u w acan bulshada, si
dhidibada loogu taago guulo heerarsare ah oo ay bulshadu leedahay. Indheer-garashadu
w axay keentaa hagitaan iyo jihayn ku socda m ushtaqbal aan la hubin hasayeeshee
akidan, m axaa yeelay, bulshada ayaa diyaarisay shaqo-hoosaadkii si ay u
qaabisho/w ajahdo m ustaqbalku m arka uu soo dhigto.
A ragtiyahaas fog w axa laga helaa/ kuu soo jiida haybad iyo xoog m arka cidi kula
qaybsato iyo w eliba kolkay sitartiib ah ugu soo unkam aan dad w ax w adaaga.
W axa jirta m aah-m aah gabow day/qadiim ah oo dulucdeedu tahay hoggaam iyuhu dadka
ka dam beeya/daba-socodka u ah ayuu kartidooda yeeshaa. H oggaam intu w axay u
baahataa inay lahaato dad raaca oo ku dayda,xubinta halista ah ee indheer-garashadu ay
yeelataa w aa danta. Jam es M ac G regor, oo noloshiisa xirfadeed/shaqo ku qaatay
diraasadda hoggaam inta, w uxu akiday ahm iyadda uu leeyahay xidhiidhka
dham m aystiran ee u dhexeeya hoggaam iyayaasha iyo dadka la socda/raacsan.

X /dhibaanka
W axaan ku tilm aam aa hoggaam inta,hoggaam iyayaasha oo ku sasaba dadka
D egaanku
raacsan in ay u haw lgalaan hadafyo cayim an kuw aasoo ka dhigan w axyaabo
m arkuu yahay
qiim o leh iyo dhiirigellino-doonista iyo baahiyaha-xiisaha w eyn iyo
H oggaam iye
filitaanada ay yeeshaan hoggaam iyayaasha iyo dadka la socda intuba.
Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka
Sida uu sheegay Burns,m askaxda w eyn ee hoggaam intu w axay fadhidaa habka m arba ay
hoggaam iyayaashu w axay u arkaan oo ay w ax u qabtaan,haddiiay tahay nafahooda am a
kuw a raacsaniqiim aha ay leeyihiin iyo w axyaalaha dhiirigeliya.
M eel fog w ax ka araggu w aa aw ood aad ku arkayso qiim aha aad adigu joogto iyo
8 dhiirigelinaha khuseeya dadka ku raacsan.H oggaam inta ilhaam aysan/hibada leh
Q orm o w aa kartiaad ku gaadhi/hanan karto qiim ayow gaas iyo dhiirigelinadaas sigeesinim o leh
iyo ra’yiaaan ka noqonsho lahayn.

Siaad dadka u hoggaam isid,ka dam bee.

-La Tzu

K a-hor-degid,m udada dheer

H oggaam intu w axay ka kooban tahay qorshaha m uddada dheer iyo haw laha m udadda
kooban ee la w aafajinayo qorshayaashaas m uddada dheer. Q orshaha lacagta la geliyo
hantida iyo socodsiinta haw sha w axay qayb ahaan ku salaysan yihiin baahiyaha m uuqda
ee ay leeyihiin kuw a ku nool m ustaqbalka iyo ogolaanshahooda inay culayska
m aalgelinaha aad ku dhaqaaqdo adigoo ka w akiilah,ay kaala qaybgalaan w aqtigan aynu
ku jirno. Siyaalo badan ayey arrim ahaasi u yihiin falal aam inaad. H aseyeshee,w axa
m uhiim u ah hoggaam iyayaasha la soo doortay in fakirkooda iyo w axqabadkoodu ay
noqdaan kuw o m uddada-dheer ku lug leh go’aam adooduna ay ahaadaan qaar ka hor
degid leh.Soo cusboonaynta/dib u eegidda go’aam adu inta badan w aa lagam a m aarm aan
si loo “suubiyo” w ax aan sidii hagaagsanayd loo qaban m arkii hore, am ase sidii loo
isticm aalayey duugoobay/googo’ay,am a u baahan in fiiro loo yeesho sabab am a tu kale
darteed. G o’aam ada ka hor degidda loogu talogalay w axa w eeye kuw a xalila
dhibaatooyinku intaanay dhicin, am a dayactira alaabooyinka intaanay tuuris noqon oo
aan qaarkale lagu beddelin (iyagoon w aqtigiilaga beddelilahaa gaadhin).

A rrim ahaasiw axaad m ooddaa inay yihiin haw lo m aala yacniah oo aan u qalm in in laga
dhigo qayb ka m id ah hoggaam inta, ha ahaatee, hoggaam intu w aa aw ood ay leeyihiin
dadka caadiga ah oo ay ku qabtaan arrim o aan caadi ahayn. Bulshooyinka inta badan,
kartida xildhibaanada deegaanku ay ku fikiraan kuna qabtaan go’aan dejintooda ku lug
leh m uddada-dheer iyo ka hor deggida, inta badan w axay yihiin falal qayral caadi
ah/caadiga ka baxsan oo geesinim o iyo hoggaam in leh. M ushkiladaha m aalin w alba
dhaca w axay aw ood u leeyihiin inay budliyaan xataa ku talagallada ugu w anaagsan ee
X /dhibaanka noolayaasha (aadam aha),kuw aasoo ay ku jiraan qaar loo soo doorto xafiiska daw ladda
D egaanku hoose.
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye H addiiaan cidiseebayn,doontu w ay caaryeysaa.

Taxanaha -M aahm aah reerM angolia ah.

A gabka
Tababarka

9
Q orm o K a-w akiil-noqosho
K a w akiil noqoshada codbixiyayaashaada iyo beeshu w aa udub dhexaadka xilalka
hoggaam inta la soo doorto ee daw ladda hoose.W axa kale oo ay noqon karaan kuw a ugu
adag m arka la garab dhigo am a lala m iisaam o m as’uuliyadahaaga kale. W eligaa m a yara
joogsatay oo m a ka fekertay cidda aad golaha deegaanka uga w akiiltahay? M a w axaad
ka w akiil tahay bulshada baayacm ushtarka ah? M a m asjid Jaam aca? M a halka aad
m agaalada ka deggan tahay?M a dan yar oo kooban oo aad ku qabto hantiilayaasha
dhulka ee bulshada?
M a kuw a dhaqaale ahaan faa’iido laaw ayaasha ah? W aa kuw ee? M ararka qaarkood
xildhibaanada deegaanka w axa dhaqaale ahaan tiiriya ashkhaas dhow r ah,kuw aas oo
fisha danahooda in loo ilaaliyo. W axa jira xildhibaano golaha lagaga badan yahay,
kuw aas oo la m oodo inay u joogaan golaha siay danahooda tirsan ugu ilaashadaan oo
keliya, taasoo m icnaheedu yahay in ay kaga faaiidaystaan xafiiska dano
gaarH oggaam inta G olaha D egaanka ee D aw ladda H oose w aa inay had iyo goor
m askaxda ku haysaa baahiyaha khuseeya bulsho w eynta,arrintaas oo afka laga sheego
ficilna aan lagu darin.U gu horreynta,m ushkiladda m eesha taallaa w axay tahay sharaxa
kooban ee,“bulsho w eynta w axa u roon”.Siyaalo badan ayaa bulshada w axa u fiicaniay
tahay w axaan dhab ahayn ee ku xidhiidhsan w ax la rum aysan yahay oo aanay w ax ba ka
jirin.

Badiba danaha kala gaarka ah w axay ku sheegaan/tilm aam aan w axyaalo kala gedisan.
H abka aad ku tijaabin karto in w axa aad qabanaysaa uu yahay w ax w ada gaadhi kara
bulshada/beesha w axa w eeye adigoo istaaga w ax yar oo is w eydiiya su’aalaha soo
socda. K uw am aa ka faa’iidaysan doona tallaabadan? Faaii’dadaasi m a tahay m id ku
istaahilah am a lagaga gam ’ayo kharashka daw ladda ee ku baxa? M a jiraan dad/qofafay
w axyeello ka soo gaadhi doonto tallaabadan? H addii aad taagan tahay m eelo xariiqaha
ka baxsan,adigoo w addani caadi ah oo daaw anaya go’aankan oo goluhu uu ku cam al
falayo,m axay shucuurtaadu ahaan lahayd? M a w axaad u arkilahayd m aalgelin beesha
dham m aanteed w ada gaadha,m ise arrin lagu naaxinayo/taageerayo koox yar oo beesha
ka tirsan,dano gooniahna w adata? H oggaam intu w axay u baahataaa hubsiiim o/baadhis
noocaas ah,haddiila doonayo inay ka sam ata baxdo w aqtiga adag.

W aa ta labaade, sidee ayaad u m atilaysaa w aaxaha beesha ee aanad aqoon fidsan u

X /dhibaanka lahayn,sabab kasta ha lahaatee? W axaad kasoo qaaddaa inay yihiin qolo/qabiillaga tiro
D egaanku badan yahay oo ka tirsan w aaya-aragnim adaada nolosha? A m ase kuw a naafada ah? A m a
m arkuu yahay xubno ka tirsan dhedig-laboodka(m asalan, haw eenka)? A m ase kuw a sida gaarka ah u
H oggaam iye nool? X arfadaha hoggaam inta suuban w axa ka m id ah in la dhexgalo
bulshooyinkaas/beelahaastirada yaree ku dhex jira beelw eynta.
Taxanaha W axa taana ka siiw acan,in laga fikiro habab goluhu siduu u dhan yahay u dhexgelikaro
A gabka beelahaas yar-yar. H addiiaan sidaas la yeelin,w axaad noqonaysaa nin kelidii dagaal
Tababarka buureed oo xaga sare laga xigo ku jira,m arkaad doonayso baahiyahooda inaad ka w akiil
noqoto. D adka golaha kula joogaana w axay kuu arkikaraan qofdegm adiilaga soo
doortay m id kale dhaafsaday/ku beddeshay.
W aa ta saddexaade, w axa im an kara fursado aad kaga w akiil noqoto beeshaada
10 w axyaabo
Q orm o ka qiim o sarreeya arrim ihii caadiga ahaa.D aw ladaha hoose qaar ka m id ah ayaa dhex
dabbaasha xuubab m usuq-m aasuq iyo falal khariban, kuw aas oo ay u ekaato inaanay
sinaba u dhici karin in laga furdaam iyo arrim ahaas. W ax talo ah oo aanu am uuraha
noocaas ah kaaga haynaa m a jirto.W aa arrim o aanu qirayno inay adag yihiin,w axaanay
u m uudsan karaan aw oodda iyo itaalka beesha si w ax kasta ka dhakhso badan. W axa
laga yaabaa talada ugu w acan ee aanu ku siin karnaa inay tahay adigoo
m inguuriya/dejiya dhaqanka aad rum aysan tahay inuu u dhigm o hoggaam inta lagu
kalsoon yahay. A digoo door-unke (a role m odel) u noqda qayrkaa ayaad difaac
w anaagsan ka sam aysan kartaa ku faafidda falalka xun-xun xildhibaanada kula m idka ah
dhexdooda.
Sida kale ee aad uga gaashaam an kartaa dhaqanka noocan ah golaha dhexdiisa w axa
w eeye adigoo sam aysta koox isku xidhan (shebekad) oo aydin isku fikrado tihiin,
kuw aasoo diyaar u ah inay istaagaan golaha dhexdiisa lana tiriyo m arkay caddaato
codadkooda isku duubani inay farqi sam ayn karaan. W axa loo m aleeyaa cadow gaaga
ugu daran,m arkay xaalado noocaas ah kula soo dersaan,inuu noqdo dareenkaaga oo ku
yidhaa cid w aliba arinkaas w ay ku kacaysaa ( w axba lagam a qaban karo),sidaas
aw geedna,aad isaga aqbasho jaw rka fikradaas hagitaan ahaan.
Fikradaas m askaxdaada ka saar. W axa jira ogaal soo kobcaaya in m usuqu uu
burburinayo xoogga iyo aw oodda beesha,sidaas darteedna ay habboon tahay in w ax laga
qabto, m aaha akhlaaq qabiil ahaan ( inkastoo taasi ay eedda ugu roon tahay) ee ay
sababtu tahay haw sha oo aanay u fiicnayn,taakulaynta adeegyada bulsho ee loo baahan
yahay oo aanay u w acnayn, horum arinta beel w eynta ee m uddada dheer oo aanay u
roonayn.K a w akiilnoqoshada w aqtiba ka ka dabm eeyaa siicaatoobaysa ee w ax siinaysa
/naaxinaysa danaha gaarka ah ee w ax ay kasoo gelayaan (siyaabo kala duw an oo keliya),
w axay la m id tahay korriim ada cudurka saradaanka ee ay adag tahay sida xididada loogu
saaro inta badan bulshooyinka,kaasoo m ar-m arka qaarkood lagu furdaam iyo qalliinka
loola jeedo in lagu tiritiro sababta cudurka dhalisay ee lagaga dhaqm o oo keliya
sanduuqa codbixinta m arka la duljoogo.H oggaam intu w aa aam inaad m uqaddas ah,inaad
ka w akiil noqoto dadka beeshaada dham m aantood na w aa qayb aan ka go’i karin
aam inaadaas.

K arti-gelinta dad kale

Ta loogu faham ka yaryahay baaxadda hoggaam intu w aa w axa dadka qaaray ugu
yeedhaan hoggaam inta nafiaanay ku jirin,taasoo ah m id gaadhaysa dad kale oo aan
danaynayn faaiido shakhsi. Laba dhinac oo hoggaam inta noocan ah oo lagaga soo
X /dhibaanka sheekeeyey buugagga talabixinta ee kale (X ildhibaanka deegaanku m arka uu yahay
D egaanku talabixiye siyaasadeed iyo xildhibaanka deegaanku m arka uu yahay suurtageliye)
m arkuu yahay ayaa m uhiim ah in lagu soo qaado w adahadalkan. Talobixiyayaasha siyaasaddu
H oggaam iye w axay ugu roon yihiin m arkay dad kale ka raaridayaan aw oodda ay xaq u leeyihiin
inay ku cam alfalaan,sidiioo ay iska leeyihiin.
Taxanaha
A gabka D adka haya w aram ase aw ood khabiir,tusaale ahaan,w axay ku shaqaynayaan
Tababarka hoggaam in nooc gaarah m arkay u dhaafayaan/uga tegayaan aw oodahaasidad kale,si
aan nafiku jirin.M arka suurtageliyuhu uu u siixaadho w addada siay dadka kale
isaga gooyaan xadhkaha ku tiirsashada,haddiiay tahay saboolnim o,
11 jaahilnim o,dhaqam ada/dabeecadaha khayaalka ku dhisan ee lunsan (stereo type),
Q orm o am a inkiraadda/diidm ada adeegyada aadam aha ee aasaasiga ah,qofkaasidhedig iyo
lab kuu doono ha ahaadee w uxu beesha u soo kordhinayaa tayada ugu sarraysa ee
hoggaan uu yeelan karo. H oggaam iyaha la soo doorto ee u suurtogeliya am a aw ood
u siiya dad kale oo beesha ku jira siuu doorkiihore ka m uhiim san u ciyaaro w aa
hoggaam iye dhab ah.

Igm asho/w akiilasho:suurto-gelinteeda hay’adda gudaheeda

D haqam ada m aam ulka daw ladaha hoose ee m ar-m ar iyo dhif la arkaa adduunyada
dham m aanteed w axay yihiin igm ashada xilka. Sidaas ay tahayna, igm ashadu w aa
tallaabada ugu w eyn ee ay qaadaan m aareeyayaashu siay xilgudasho w acan u helaan,
w axaanaynu ku dari karnaa, si hore loogu dhigo tacabka aadam aha ee hay’adda.Inta
badan m aam ulayaashu cid um a w akiishaan haw lahooda badh iyagoo ku dooda dadka ka
hoos shaqeeyaa karti um a laha ay ku qabtaan m as’uuliyad dheeraad ah. D hinaca kale
haddiiaynu ka eegno,shaqaale hoosaadku m a qaban karaan sababtoo ah w eligood fursad
loom a siin ay ku gutaan xil-kooda dheer.
W axaad odhan kartaa igm adku w aa arrin uu iska leeyahay m aam ulku oo aan m unasib ku
ahayn tababarka xildhibaanada. Jaw aabtu w aa haa iyo m aya labadaba.W axaanu qabnaa
golayaasha qaarayaan igm anin aw ood ku filan shaqaalahooda. M icnuhu m arka uu sidan
yahay,igm adku toos ayuu ugu habboon yahay siuu goluhu m aw duucaas uga faaiidaysan
karo.D aw ladaha hoose intooda badanina w axay u gudan karaan adeegyo badan sikasii
w acan sidii hore, haddii ay w ax suubban u arkaan gelidda aw oodda w axqabad ee
shaqaalahooda,m in heerka sarkaalka m adaxa fulinta ilaa nadiifisada. Iyadoo ay tahay
m asuuliyad m aam ule,haddana goluhu w uu dhiirigelin karaa dhaqanka noocaas ah heer
kasta oo hay’adda m unishiibiyada ha joogee.

H irgelinta Fikradaha
M alaha u quturka ugu w eyn ee horyaalla hoggaam iyaasha w uxu yahay inuu helo
w axqabad ku lug leh arrim aha la sheegay inay u baahan yihiin in la qabto siay beeshu
hore ugu m arto. D ham m aystirka indheer-garashadu w eligeed w ax sahlan m aaha, dhif
iyo nadirayaana sidhakhso leh loogu gaadhikaraa.

W axa ugu w eyn ee ay hoggaam iyayaalbadanibarteen w axa w eeye ogaanshaha inaanay

habboonayn inay yeeshaan m aalay ku tasarufaan am se ay hirgeliyaan barnaam ijay ku
hubinayaan inay hantiyaan m uw aadiniinta beeshu. H ogaam iyayaal badan oo
X /dhibaanka dihin/guulaystayaalah ayaa isku khalda/kala garanw aaya kantaroolid iyo aw ood. W axay
D egaanku had iyo goorisha ka laliyaan silsilad balaadhan oo khayraad dihin ah,kuw aasoo la yaalla
m arkuu yahay bulshooyinkooda.
H oggaam iye
K hayraadka kale ee badiba aanay w ax w eyn ka isticm aalin beelo badaniw aa hay’adda
Taxanaha daw ladda hoose lafteeda. Sadded istiraatijiyadood ayaa kor u qaadi kara firfircoonida
A gabka shaqaalaha si ay uga caaw iyaan hoggaam iyayaasha daw ladda hoose fulinta/oofinta
Tababarka
indheer-garashadooda.
W axay yihiin:
12
Q orm o 1. Saraakiisha m uhiim ka ah in lagu soo daro w aqtiga hore qorshaynta haw laha
khatartu ku jirto ee hubsiim ada u baahan.
2. In loo diyaariyo arrim ihii lagam a m aarm aanka ahaa ee lagu fulin lahaa
haw lahaas,kuw aasoo ay ku jiraan suldadda,m as’uuliyadda iyo ogolaanshaha ay
ku qaban lahaayeen.
3. In sijoogto ah loogu babac dhigo xaaladda hadba taagan,digtoonidaada inaad ka
hesho akidaad iyo tam arta w axqabad ee hay’adda oo dhabarkeeda isku qarisa
kolka isbeddelada si cad loogu baahan yahay, si loo la tallaabsado baahiyaha
beesha iyo dalabyadooda.

X alliibnaan iyo xisaabin

W axaynu m ar dhow eyd ka sheekaynaynay ahm iyada indheer-garashadu ay u leedahay

hoggaam inta. X aliibnaantu w aa furfurnaata w aqtiyada go’aan sam aynta, ogolaanta in
w ar qaybsi laga yeesho tallaabooyinka golaha, iyo siyaasadda albaabka furan ee
khusaysa qorshaynta iyo m aam ulka barnaam ijyada iyo adeegyada daw ladda hoose.
X aliibnaantu m uhiim ayey u tahay hogaam iyeyaasha la soo doorto iyo kuw a la
m agacaabo labadaba iyo habka ay ku shaqeeyaan ee la xidhiidha codbixiyayaashooda.
X aliibnaata w axa soo raacda xisaabinta w eyn.W axyaalahaas sam aanta leh ee ku lug leh
hoggaam inta dadw eynaha w axay isu yihiin saw ir m uraayadeed iyo qofka/shayga
m uraayadda horyaala.W axaad ku dhaqantaa m id ahaan isla m arkaasoo ka kalena uu ku
im an doono qayb qiim ihiisii hore ka m id ah iyo faa’iido labanlaabatay taasoo aad
hantidaan adiga iyo beesha aad ka w akiilka tahay.X alliibnaanta iyo xisaabtanka w axa
lagu hantiya kalsoonida dadka.

Barbaarinta hoggaam inta danbe

U gu dam bayntii,hoggaam iyaha indher-garaka ah w uxu koriyaa/barbaariyaa horum arka

hoggaam iyahayaasha cusub. H oggaam inta beeshu w axay noqon kartaa am ase ay tahay
inay noqoto m id guri-ku-barbaarto ah. Laakiin,w axay ku noqotaa tallaabo kas iyo m aan
ay u qaadaan kuw a im inka haya talada hoggaam inta beesha iyo m as’uuliyadda.
W axaanu rabnaa inaanu ku gunaanadno taxanahan ah fursadaha barashada hoggaam inta
inaanu ku w eydiisano inad xasuusato dadaaladaada khuseeya korinta jiilka/da’da tan
xigta ee hoggaam iyayaasha u noqon doonta beeshiina.

X /dhibaanka M ilicse
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay M a m agacaabi kartaa qaar ka m id ah da’da idinku xigta ee aad rum aysan tahay inay u
H oggaam iye adeegi doonaan beeshiina? M axaad adigu, qof ahaan,qabanaysaa si aad u taageerto
kooxdaas cusub ee tababaran ee hoggaam iyayaasha ah (new cadre)M iyey kusoo daraan
Taxanaha dum ar? M a kuw a dhaqaalaha ahaan aan w ax faa’iidin? M a qolooyinka laga tirade badan
A gabka yahay? M a dar kale oo ah kuw a m ar-m ar iyo dhif hela fursad ay w ax kaga darsadaan
Tababarka baahiyaha hoggaam inta ee beeshiina.

13
Q orm o
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

A qoonso/soo qabo laba am a saddex qof oo beeshiina ku jira oo aad is leedahay w axay
ka joogaan hoggaam inta da’da soo socota w axaanad ku nidargashaa inaad ku soo darto
inay sitoos ah uga qayb qaataan xukunka beesha. K u tax m agacyadooda hoos w axaanad
caddaysaa w axa kuu qorshaysan inaad ku dhaqaaqdo siay ugu soo darsam aan/uga qayb
qaataan:

H oggaam iyayaasha m ustaqbalka Tallaabooyinka qorshaysan

1._____________________________ 1.______________________

2._____________________________ 2.______________________

3______________________________ 3.______________________

“M eelA arka kacay,A toorfadhiisay.”

M aah-m aah Soom aaliyeed
X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

14
Q orm o Q O D O BBO M U H IIM A H

H oggaaintu m aaha shaqo-nadiif ah.M ar-m ar dhif ah ayey arrim uhu sidii
loo qorsheeyey u dhacaan.
D haqanka Shiinaha ee isbeddelka la xidhiidha w axay u yaqaaniin,”fursad
halis ah”, w aa tilm aan ku habboon (sax ah) niibta ku hortaal ee kuugu
adag.
H oggaam intu w axay ka dhigan tahay kolkaad gashato dham m aan
koofiyadaha lagu soo qaaday/lagaga soo sheekeeyey taxanahan ku lug leh
dhacdooyin barasho iyo w axyaabo kale.
H oggaam intu w axay ugu roon tahay m arkad u gashato m arba m idh
koofiyad ah w ax ka badan.
M arhaddiiw ax w alba ay ku xidhiidhsan yihiin w ax kale,hoggaam iyuhu
w aa inuu dayaa m ushkiladda taagan ee xalka loo hayo w axa ka dam beeya
siuu u arko/helo m ushkiladda dam be ee uu abuurayo.
H oggaam intu w axay u baahan tahay indheer-garasho, adigoo ku
dhalinaya dadka kale inay abuuraan indheer-garashooyinkaas kuna
shaqo/xiisa gelinaya sidiiay aragtiyahaas fog uga dhigilahaayeen dhab.
H oggaam iyayaasha firdircooniarrim aha w ay ka hordegaan;w axaanay ka
sii fakiraan kuna haw lgalaan m uddada-dheer ee w aqtiyada soo socda
khuseeya.
K a w akiil noqoshada beesha oo dhan ayaa u w adno ah m as’uuliyadaha
hoggaam inta ee laga rabo xildhibaanka.
H oggaam iyayaasha daw ladda hoose w axay u suurtageliyaan kuna aw ood
siiyaan dadka kale/qayrkood inay beesha la qaybsadaan culaysyada,
fursadaha iyo abaalm arinada.
H oggaam iyayaal badan oo m uhiim ah ayaan kala saari karin korm eerka
iyo aw oodda.
H oggaam iyayaasha firfircooni w axay barbaariyaan hoggaam iyayaasha
m ustaqbalka.

15
Q orm o R aad-raac
1. G ardner,John W .,“H oggam inta” (N ew Y ork,M adbacadda M adaxa Bannaan,
1990),bogga 22.

2. Burns,Jam es M acG regor,“ H oggaam inta”

(N ew Y ork,H arper& Row ,1978),bogga 19.

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

16
 Q aybta 2aad

A Q O O N -IS-W EY D A A R SI

X ildhibaanka D egaanku
m arkuu yahay H oggaam iye
X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

17
X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

18
A qoon is
M uuqaalG uud
w aydaarsi
D anta laga leeyahay
H oggaam intu m arkay tahay m id doorasho ku tim id oo khusaysa daw ladda hoose,w aa
garashada w axa dhabta ah ee la doonayo in la qabto iyo iyadoo looga shaqeeyo hab
dadka kalena ay ku dhiiradaan/xiisa u helaan ay kugu daydaan. W aa nuxurka buugagga
talabixinta ah ee taxan in hoggaam inta la soo doortaa ay tahay xilgudashada nidarka iyo
asluubta w can leh ee la xidhiidha shaqada golaha ee tilm aam aysa kow iy tobanka door
ee xildhibaanku uu ciyaaro.K olka si kale loo dhigo,hoggaam intu w aa w adnaha iyo
nafta haw sha golaha-tam arta m eeldheerw ax looga eego,sisarraysana loo cabbirikaro (
sharxi karo) fikradaha iyo dareem ada,danaha gobanim ada leh ee loo dhaqaajin karo
m aanka dadka kale. H oggaam intu w axay quudin kartaa niyadda dadka, iyadoo u
quturaysa hoggaam iyayaasha, sida uu ku tilm aam ay John G ardner, “inay iyagoo
faraxsan ku tallaabsadaan haw sha arrim aha oo ka dhan ah m arkay silaxaad leh oo ku
filan ay u rum aysan yihiin”.
A qoon-is-w eydaarsigan w axa loogu talogalay inuu qeexo/kala caddeeyo kaalinta
hoggaam inta ee uu gelikaro xildhibaanku oo uu dhiirrigeliyo ku dhaqanka joogtada ah
ee dabciga hoggaam inta. K a qaybgalayaashu w axay aqoonsan doonaan (m uujin
doonaan aw ooddooda iyo aw ooddaradooda qofnim o m arkay gelayaan 11ka kaalinood
ee ku xidhiidhsan hoggaam iyaha la soo doorto ee daw ladda hoose. W axa la siin doonaa
fursad ay ku xasuustaan w axqabadkoodii hore ee xildhibaanim o iyo
ballanqaadkoodii/nidargalkoodii ahaa inay noqdaan kuw a ugu fiican ee ay ogyihiin
siday adegayaalugu noqon lahaayeen codbixiyayaashooda.

D adku w axay ictiqaadsan yihiin inaanay jirin w ax haw lah oo aan

qabtaa sababtoo ah w axaan ahay qofm uhiim ah. H addiiaan w ax
u qaban w aayona w axay igu tilm aam ayaan qofliita am a
hoggaam iye jilicsan,sidaas aw geedna ay raadsanayaan qofkale.
D adkayagu w ax fikrad ah kam a haystaan (haba yaraatee)sida ay
u adag tahay in w ax la qabto.
X /dhibaanka
D egaanku _ SiyaasireerBurm a an
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka
19
 A rim aha ay kakoobantahay
Tilm aan kooban oo haw lbarasho oo kasta ku lug leh ayaa hoos ku m uujisan iyadoo
A qoon is
w aqtiga loo baahan yahay uu w ax qiyaasan yahay. H addiiaad rabto nidaam ka inaad
w aydaarsi beddesho,inaad w ax ka saarto,am a m urtiaad adigu leedahay ku kordhiso,w aad yeeli
kartaa.

12.1 C arbis la isku diiriyo:hoggaam iyayaashu w axay qabtaan

K a qaybgalayaashu w axay xasuustaan xaalad ay iyaga am a xildhibaan

kale uu ku dhaqm ay hoggaam inta iyo kaalinta am a kaalinaha laga galay
xaaladda.Fikrado w adaag khuseeya xaaladda hoggaam inta la soo doorto
ee daw ladda hoose.(30 daqiiqo)

12.2.D iraasad X aaladeed:D hacdo akhlaaqeed (an ethicaldilem m a)

K a qaybgalayaashu w xay akhriyaan xaalad uu xildhibaan ogaanayo in

saaxiibkiisa shaqo oo nin caana ah uu u isticm aalayo xafiiskiisa D uqa dan
gaarahaaneed.W adahadal.(45-60 daqiiq).

12.3 Bandhigga tababaraha

Bandhigid kooban oo ah xildhibaanku m arka uu yahay hoggaan la soo doortay oo laga
soo xiganayo qoraalka faahfaahsan ee xagga hore ku yaal
yo khibradda qofahaaneed ee tababaraha,kuw aasoo ay w eheliso
hoggaam inta fikrad iyo ku dhaqan ahaan. Bandhigidda w axa xooga lagu
saarayaa hoggaam inta m arka lagu m asilayo w axqabad xildhibaan oo
doorarkala duw an ah.Fiiro gaarah w axa iska leh hoggaam iyaha m arka uu
yahay aragtidheerbixiyaha iyo ka kaga w akiilka ah xidhiidhadiisa/deeda
qofnim o iyo xirfadeedaba,w axyaalaha qiim aha ugu sareeya leh ee
xiisagelin kara (niyad w acan ku beerikara)beesha. (30 daqiiq).

12.4 Suurto-gelinta :W axqabadka H oggaam iyaha la soo doorto

K a qaybgalayaashu w aa inay buuxiyaan haystaana qalab ka caaw iya
qiyaasta w axqabadkooda w aqtiga xaadirka ah iyagoo ka dhigan
hoggaam iyayaasha la soo doortay.Isu-fasiridda dhibcaha la kala leeyahay
iyo qorshaha lagu shaqaynayo ee natiijooyinka w axqabadka xildhibaanka
X /dhibaanka ee la hagaajiyey (45 daqiiqo).
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay 12.5 La-tashiga iyo xirfado gudbinta
H oggaam iye Iyagoo isu kala saaraya saddex kooxood,w axay ka qaybgalayaashu ka
w ada xaajoonayaan qorshayaashooda gaarahaaneed ee looga dan leeyahay
Taxanaha in lagu helo xilgudasho xildhibaan oo la toosiyey is lana qabtaan ka fikirka
A gabka w axtarka iyo w axyeelada ay yeelan karaan w axyaalaha ay soo jeedinayaan
Tababarka in la qabto.(90 – 120 daqiiqo)

20
A qoon is __________________________
w aydaarsi
Q oraalkooban:H addii w aqtigu uu saam axo,iyo w eliba gaarahaan haddiiaqoon is
w eydaarsiga ku lug leh hoggaam inta loo isticm aalo inuu qayb ka yahay barnaam ij
m id-ilaa-laba toddobaad ah oo xoogga la saarayo dham m aan 12ka buug ee hagitaanka,
ka qybgalayaasha w axa laga codsan karaa inay allifaan/soo saaraanbandhigaana
m urtiqaadata shan ilaa toban daqiiqo oo ku saabsan qorshayashooda is hagaajinta leh
ee xildhibaanada golaha.H aw shani w axay qaadan kartaa dhow r saacadood. W axay
nala tahay w aqtigaas dheeraadka ah inuu aad ugu habboon yahay. Suurtagalnim ada in
ka qaybgalayaasha aqoon is w eydaarsigu ay dham m aystiridoonaan qorshayaashooda
w ay siikordhaysaa m arallaale m arkay ballanqaadyo dadw eyne sam eeyaan.

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

21
A qoon is 12.1 Laylidiyaargarow ah:M A X A Y Q A BTA A N
w aydaarsi
H O G G A A M IY A Y A A SH U ?

W aqtiga loo baahan yahay:30 daqiiqo

U jeeddo

Layligan w axa loola jeedaa ka qaybgalayaasha inuu firfircooni geliyo ay ku

xusuustaan kana fakiraan w axqabadkooda hoggaam ineed am a w axqabadka
hoggaam inta ee xubin gole oo kale oo khuseeya xaalad cayim an iyo in lala
xidhiidhiyo m id am a laba ka m id ah doorarka xildhibaanka.

H ab-raaca

W axaad qaybisaa xaashiyo shaqo oo ku lug leh dhacdo halis ah (bogga kan xiga)
w axaanad w eydiisataa ka qaybgalayaashu inay buuxiyaan iyagoo raacaya faritaanada.
1. M axay ahayd w ixii khuseeyey tallaabooyinkaagii am se dabeecadahaagii ee
xaaladdan ah ee ku xasuusiyey adigoo hoggaam iye ah?
2. M axay tahay w axa uu leeyahay qof ee keena/sababa inaynu ku tilm aano,rag
iyo dum arw uxu yahayba,hoggaam iye?
3. Sidee ayeynu u kala saari karnaa dhaqanka hoggaam iyayaasha iyo ka
m aam ulayaasha.
4. Sidee ayey uga duw an tahay hoggaam inta xafiis loo soo doortay ta caalam ka
haw sha ganacsiga gaar, ciyaartooyada, diinta, ciidam ada qalabka sida am a
shaqooyinka kaleba?

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

22
 D H A C D O H A LIS A H O O K U TIM I H O G G A A M IN TA
A qoon is
w aydaarsi
G O LA H A

X uuuso xilliaad adiga am a xildhibaan kale uu u dhaqm ay sida hoggaam iye isagoo ku
shaqaynaya xubin golaha ka tirsan. W axaad qortaa w ax yaroo ka m id ah dhinacyada
aad u m uuqda ee dhacdada m eelaha bannaan ee hoos ku yaal. W axaad ka fakirtaa
doorarka kala duw an ee xildhibaanadu ay u xilsaaran yihiin inay ciyaaraan (siyaasad
dejiye, go’aam iye, suurtageliye, isgaadhsiiye, gorgoriye, haw l fududeeye, korm eere,
aw ood-dillaale,alkum e,xooleeye).
D oorkee ayaad ka ciyaaraysay m arkii aad iska yeel-yeelaysay hoggaam inta
xaaladdan? M axaa xaaladdiika soo baxay ee natiijo ahaa,m a tilaadaaduse sidee ayey
w ax ugu dhalisay natiijadii? H addii aad fursad u heli lahayd aad xaaladdii dib ugu
laabato m axaa kale ee aad yeelilahayd? H addiiay w ax kaa horjoogaan inaad noqoto
hoggaam iye gole,jagadee ayaad qaban karilahayd?

_____________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
X /dhibaanka _____________________________________________________________________
D egaanku _____________________________________________________________________
m arkuu yahay _____________________________________________________________________
H oggaam iye _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Taxanaha _____________________________________________________________________
A gabka
Tababarka

23
A qoon is 12.2 D iraasad X aaladeed:D H A C D O A K H LA A Q EED
w aydaarsi
W aqtiga loo baahan yahay45-60

U jeeddo

X aaladdan w axa loogu talogalay inay u fududayso ka qaybgalayaasha siday u

aqoonsan lahaayeen in hoggaam intu ( iyadoo ku shaqaynaysa sidii“saxa” ahayd) ay
xilliyada qaarraaxa diid ku noqoto oo ay w ax kale iskaba daayoo u soo jiiddo qofka,
sida m adaxa loo soo doortay ah,w ax naftiisa khatargeliya.

H abraaca
W axaad siisaa ka qaybgalayaasha naqil ah diraasadda xaaladda, “ laba daran m id
doorada” ee khusaysa heerasluubeed,(eeg bogga kan xiga).W aaad ka codsataa inay
akhriyaan xaaladda iyo su’aalaha ka dam beeya.

M arkay ka qaybgalayaashu ay w ada akhriyaan, u qaybi afar kooxood oo yar yar.

W axaad w eydiisataa inay ka w ada hadlaan su’alaha oo ay isku raacaan jaw aab kasta
oo ka taagan dham m aan fakirka kooxda. W axaad u sheegtaa inay haystaan 30
daqiiqo oo ay ku dham m eeyaan haw sha.

Isugu yeedh ka qaybgalayaasha 30 daqiiqo ka dib.K oox w alba w axaad ka dalbataa

inay siw adajirah uga jaw aabaan su’aalw eydiim aha ka m id ah.M arkay kooxi
w arbixiso,kooxaha kale ka dalbo inay iyaguna ka jaw aabaan siaad u w adaagsiiso
fakirka kooxaha ee su’aashaas la xidhiidha.

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

24
A qoon is
w aydaarsi D H A C D O A K H LA A Q EED

X aalad

A digoo xubin ka ah golaha m agaalada ayaad si lam a filaan ah ula kulantay isagoo
D uqu shaqaalaha daw ladda hoose u dirsanaya haw lo uu isagu shakhsi ahaan u
leeyahay saacadihiishaqada gudahooda.
X aaladda koow aad, w uxu ku am arsiiyey shaqaalaha oo uu ku jiro alxanihii ugu
khabiirsanaa inay u farsam eeyaan/u kiciyaan qaybta dam be ee is jiidka (trailer) siuu
ugu siiqaato xaabo uu girigiisa geynayo.
M ashruucan w axa lagu afjaray in la guro birlibaax (scrap) uu iska lahaa golaha
m agaaladu (inkastoo D uqu uu qaarka dam be (trailer)gashaday lugaha (tires).
A rrinkaas w uxu ku geliyey yaabatiin iyo argagax. D uqu w aa hoggaam iye aw ood iyo
kartileh,w axaanu suurtageliye u ahaa xoojinta dhaqaalaha daw ladda hoose iyo hoos
u dhigidda qiim aha ascaarta daw laddu ay ku joogto dadka m agaalada. W axa intaas
w eheliya ,w uxu ka m id yahay duqayda m galooyinka soo m aray ee la xasuusan yahay
ka ugu caansan. Intaas w axaan ku darayaa, D uqu w aa saaxiibkaa, hagahaaga iyo
tiiriyaha ugu adag golaha dhexdiisa.

Su’aalo
1. M axaa tallaabooyin ah ee uga furan xildhibaanka xaaladdan?
2. M axay yihiin w axtarka iyo w axyelooyinka ay leedahay tallaabo kasta oo
arrintaas khusaysaa?
3. M axay tahay tallaabada la gudboon xildhibaanka ee xaaladdan khusaysaa?
4. Sidee ayuu xildhibaanku w ax u qaban karaa ee uu ku helayaa natiijooyin
raaligeliya una w axyeello yarbeesha iyo m ustaqbalkiisa siyaasaddeed intaba?

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

25
A qoon is 12.3 BA N D H IG G A TA BA BA R A H A
w aydaarsi
W aqtiga loo baahan yahay:30 daqiiqo

U jeeddo
Bandhigiddan w aa inay ka helaan ka qaybgalayaashu fikrado iyo aragtiyo gaar
ahaaneed oo ku saabsan kaalinta hoggaam iyaha iyo seeska fikradeed ee ay u isticm aali
karaan layliyada qofkeliya iyo kooxaha ee ku jira aqoon-is-w eydaarsiga.

H arbraaca

W axaad diyaar ka dhigtaa bandhigidda oo salka ku haysa w ar laga soo xiganayo

qoraalka faahfaahsan ee hore loo soo m aray kuna saabsan kaalinta hoggaam iyaha.
Bandhigidda w axaad xoogga/fiirada ku saartaa hoggaam inta tabta looga hirgeliyo
m asilaadda (jilidda) xildhibaanka ee doorarka kala jaadka ah. Fiiro gaar ahaaneed
w axaad siisaa kolkaad ku jirto bandhigidda hoggaam iyuhu m arka uu yahay aragtifog
fidiyaha iyo ka m asila qiim ayow ga ugu sarreeya ee beesha xiisa gelin kara.,m arka uu
xidhiidho shakhsiiyo kuw o xirfadeed/shaqo la leeyahay.
W arka ku cad kaadhadhka qoraalka kooban ayaa kaa caaw in kara bogitaanka w arka si
qaab leh kuna soco jidw alka.W ax su’aalm ar-m ar intay socoto bandhigiddu siaad u
hubiso faham kooda dareenkoodana aad usoo jiidato.
K u balballaadhi bandhigidda kaabayaasha aragga oo ay la socdaan xaashiyihii
jilicsanaa ee joornaaladda iyo aaladda gidaarka cad saw irada ka soo saarta
(projector),taasoo u noqonaysa kaabe dheeraad ah oo ay w ax ku gartaan.

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

26
A qoon is 12.4 Suurtageliyaha:W A X Q A BA D K A H O G G A A M IN TA
w aydaarsi
LA SO O D O O R TA Y
W aqtiga loo baahan yahay:45 daqiiqo

U jeeddo:

M arkay dham eeyaan/suurtageliyaan ka qaybgalayaashu w axay qiyaasidoonaan

aw ooddahooda iyo baahiyaha w ax hagaajinta hoggaam iyayaalahaan ee ku lug leh
sagaalka w ejiee doorarka hoggaam iyayaasha daw ladda hoose ee la soo doortay.

H abraaca
Q aybi suurtageliyaha ku m uujisan bogga kan xiga ee la yidhaa “W axqabadka
hoggaanka la soo doortay”.K or u akhriaw aam iirta iyagoo ka qaybgalayaashuna hoos
u akhrisanaya. W axaad ka codsataa ka qaybgalayaasha inay dhibco (rate) u
sam eeyaan 10 door oo m idna aanay dhaafin. W axaad ku adkaysaa/ku cel-celisaa in
dhibcaha ay m arba siiyaan (u gartaan)ka qaybgalayaashu m id w aloo ka m id ah 10 ka
kaalinood ay noqoto xasuus ah inay siday u arkaan ee xaqiiqda ah ay u gelayaan
kaalintaas,m a aha sida ay la tahay inay w ax u qabtaan.
W axaad siisaa ka qaybgalayaasha shan daqiiqo oo ay ku dham m eeyaan kuna
dhibceeyaan (qiim eeyaan) suurtageliyaha. M arkay haw shan bogaan, w axaad u
qaybisaa naqilada xaashiayah shaqada lagu m agacaabo,” Q orshaha w axqabad ee
loogu talogalay hoggaam in qum m an” (ka dam baysa suurtageliyaha). D ib u dhugo
faritaanada ee ku qoran xaashiyaha shaqada kuna dhiirigeli ka qaybgalayaasha inay
isticm alaan gorfaynta goobta aw oodda (force field analysis) ee horum arinta
qorshayaasha lagu toosiyo hoggaam intooda.

Q oraalkooban oo ku lug leh gorfaynta goobta aw oodda.

X aalad kastaa w axay leedahay aw oodo dhiirrigeliya isbeddel iyo xoogag kale oo
diida/iska caabiya isbedel. M arka xoogagga isbedelka rabaa ay ka aw ood w eynaadaan
X /dhibaanka kuw a isbedelka ka dhan ah,isbeddelkaa yim aadda.M arkay kuw a ka dhanka ahiay ka
D egaanku xoogsanaadaan aw oodaha isbedelka doonaya,isbedelku m a dhaco.
m arkuu yahay K urtLew in,dhakhtarkiicilm i-nafsiga bulshada ee caanka ahaa,ayaa m arsoo jeediyey
H oggaam iye arrin ka joogta asal hore oo loo yaqaan, “ gorfaynta goobta aw oodda”, taasoo ilaa
w aagaas noqotay tab (farsam o) heer sare ah oo ku saabsan fikirka isbedelka qorshe.
Taxanaha G orfaynta goobta aw oodda w axa loo isticm aali karaa in la helo oo la gorfeeyo/la
A gabka axadho aw oodaha doorbidaha isbedelkasta oo la rabo (xoogagga sita) iyo aw oodaha
Tababarka ka horjeeda isbedelka la rabo (xoogagga diidan).

27
A qoon is Tusaale,haddiiaad rabtay inaad ka caaw iso qof aad saaxiib tihiin sidiiuu u dhuuban
w aydaarsi lahaa, qorshahaaga w axaad ka bilaabi kartaa adigoo taxa aw oodaha sita (inay sidii
hore caafim aad roonaato,ka m uuqaalw acnaato,lacagtii cunta ay ugu talagashay inay
w ax kaydiso iw m ) aw oodaha ka horjeedaana w axay noqonayaan (cuntada oo ay ku
raxaysato,rabitaan ah inay iska ilaaliso xanuunka gaajadu ay keento,w eheloo ay ka
dhigato dar sideedan cuntada jecel)W axa xiga,inaad deristo m id kasta oo ka m id ah
aw oodaha qiyaasta aad ka qaadato xoogga uu leeyahay.W axaad u fiira yeelataa xoog
w alba w axa uu ku kordhin karo qorshihii aad ka taageeraysay saaxiibadaa si ay isu
caataysiiso m iisaana u yeel ( w ax ku kordhin sarraysa, m id m eel dhexaad ah, m id
hoosaysa).W axaad aqoonsataa aw oodaha aad kantaroolka u hayso w axaanad soo
saartaa w axa aad qaban karto si aad w ax ugadhalisid m id w aloo ka tirsanba.
A xadhidaadu w axa dhicikarta inay m uujiso dhow ristiraatijiyadood oo suurtagalah:
K ordhixooga aw oodaha w ata arrinta.
K u soo daraw oodo w ax w ata oo kale.
W ax ka dhin xoogga w oodaha hortaagan.
K a qaad m eesha aw oodaha hortaagan qaarkood.
W axaad goosataa in qaarka m id ah aw oodaha diidan loo beddelikaro/loo rogi
karo aw oodaha w ax w ata.
Cilm i-baadhisu w axay ina tustay,saddexda istiraatijiyood ee ugu dam beeya ee ku lug
leh dhim idda xoogga aw oodaha hortaagan, inay ka diirdiiran yihiin labada ka
sarreeya. K ordhinta aw oodaha w ax jiidanayaa w uxu u shaqaynayaa oo qudha
siyaadinta diidanaha. M asalan (ka soo qaad), u sheegidda saaxiibadaada cuslaatay
inay ka qorqornanayso sidiihore ay u ahayd haddiiay dhuubato,w axay u arkikartaa
inay dareento inaan la rabin hadda adiga ayaana sabab u ah iyo haddii ay dib ugu
noqoto saaxiibadeedii cunaayada ahaa/hunguri w eynayaasha ahaa, intaba.
Istiraatijiyada ka w acaniw axay noqon kartaa adigoo ku m artiqaada inay w aqtiaad ah
ku qaadato dadka culayska jidhka/buurnaanta dareenka aan w acnayn ka qaba.

X /dhibaanka
D egaanku
m arkuu yahay
H oggaam iye

Taxanaha
A gabka
Tababarka

28
A qoon is
w aydaarsi
W A XQ A B A D K A H O G G A A M IYA H A LA SO O D O O R TO
Su’aalahan w axa looga jeedaa inaad ku dhaqanto si aad u qiim ayso w axqabadkaaga
adigoo ka dhigan hoggaam iye la soo doortay ee kaalintaada w aqtiga xaadirka ah ee
xildhibaanka. Si aad u buuxiso (uga shaqayso) akhri m id kasta oo ka m id ah
caddaym aha tobanka door. Q iyaasta/cabbirka dhinaca m idig ka xigta cadayn w alba,
w axaad ka doorataa tirada aad rum aysan tahay inay tilm aam ayso w axqabadkaaga
dhabta ah.G oobaab ku w areejitirada. Tirada aad ka doorato xaalad kasta w aa inay ka
w arranto (tarjunto) sida aad runtii w ax u qabanayso, oo aan ahayn sida aad w ax u
qaban karto.Sidaas ku w ad ilaa aad goobaabo ku habboon ku w areejinayso halka ku
began caddaynta doorka ee w eydiim aha.
M arkaad goobabaha ku dham m ayso m id w alba oo ka m id ah tobanka door
caddaym ahooda, isu gee tirooyinka goobaabta leh, iskudarkana w xaad ku qortaa
m eesha bannaan ee foom ka salkiisa ah.
H addiiiskudarka dhibcahaagu ay yihiin 80 iyo w ixiika sarreeya,ham balyo! W axaad
leedahay w axqabad hoggaam ineed oo sare. H addii, m arka dhinac kale laga eego,
isugeynta dhibcahaagu ay noqdaan 50 iyo w ixii ka hooseeya, w xa w eeye kum a
shaqaynaysid tayadiihoggaam inta ee beesha ay tahay inay ka fisho xildhibaanadooda.

D oorka C abbirka qiim aynta

1.Siyaasad-dejiye (w uxu Siyaasad-dejiye ahaan,w axaan isku qiim ayn
tubeeyaa hadafyo w axaanu kala lahaa sidan:
soo baxaa badiilsiuu u gadho A ad u iska firfircoon horum arin
hadafka Firfircoon u baahan
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

2.G o’aam iye (w uxu H addaan ahay go’aam iye,w axaan isku
go’aansadaa m arka w ax la kala qiim ayn lahaa sidatan:
doortaa ay jiraan. A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
kartibadan u baahan
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

X /dhibaanka 3.Suurtageliye (w uxu Suurtageliye ahaan,w axaan isku qiim ayn

D egaanku suurtageliyaa arrim aha una lahaa sidan:
m arkuu yahay fududeeyaa dad kale oo aan A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
H oggaam iye diyaaru ahayn inay nafahooda kartibadan u baahan
caaw iyaan) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Taxanaha
A gabka Eeg bogga xiga
Tababarka

29
A qoon is 4.Isgaadhsiiye (w uxu bixiyaa H addaan ahay isgaadhsiiye,w axaan isku
w aydaarsi qabtaana w arka,fikradaha iyo qiim ayn lahaa sidan:
dareem ada sisugnaansho/faham leh. A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
kartibadan u baahan
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

5.G orgoriye (dhex-dhexaadiye) G orgoriye ahaan,w axaan isku qiim ayn

w uxu dhex-dhexaadiyaa qofafka lahaa sidan:
xalalka aan ku heshiin karin). A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
kartibadan u baahan
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

6.H aw lfududeeye (w uxu H addaan ahay hw lfududeeye,w axaan

xannaaneeyaa/dhaqaa dadaalka isku qiim ayn lahaa sidan:
w adajirka ah ee lagu xalilayo A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
m ashkiladaha,heshiisiinta dad is kartibadan u baahan
afgaran w aa dhex yim aadda,w axaanu 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
w ax u qabtaa sihaw lkarah)

7.K orjooge (w uxu hubiyaa in w ixii K orjooge ahaan ,w axaan isku qiim ayn
saxa ahaa la qabtay,sikartilehna loo lahaa sidan:
fuliyey). A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
kartibadan u baahan
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8. Siyaasad dillaale (w uxu Siyaasad dillaale ahaan,w axaan isku

isticm aalaa noocyo dhow rah oo qiim ayn lahaa sidan:
aw ood la xidhiidha siuu haw sha u A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
fuliyo qofahaan am a dad kale uu u kartibadan u baahan
diro) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

9.X oleeye (w uxu sam eeyaa
go’aanada ku lug leh curinta,
shaxaynta iyo kharash gelidda lacagta
daw ladda).
H addan ahay xooleeye,w axaan isku
qiim ayn lahaa sidan:
A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
kartibadan u baahan
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10.A lkum e (w uxu taageeraa A lkum e ahaan,w axaan isku qiim ayn
dedaaladda lagu gahaajinayo,laguna lahaa sidan:
horum arinayo shaqaalaha iyo A ad u kartiiska leh horum arin
hay’adda labadaba). kartibadan u baahan
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Eeg bogga kan xiga

30
A qoon is Q O R SH E H A W LEED K U LU G LEH H O G G A A M IN TO O SA N :
w aydaarsi X A SH I SH A Q O .

D araaasad ku sam ee score ka aad keentay ee ku saabsana w eydiim aha w axqabadka

hoggaam inta la soo doortay.Soo qabo (aqoonso) doorarka aad keentay dhibco caadi
ah am a ka yarw axaanad ka fikirtaa isbeddelada aad dam acsan tahay inaad sam ayso ee
aad ku toosin lahayd qodobadaas. W axaad ku tallaabsataa qorshe w axqabad oo keeni
kara isbeddelada la rabo,adigoo ku dhaqm aya xaashida shaqo. D oor kasta w axaad u
diyaarisaa xaashi shaqo gaar ah, taasoo lagu xusayo hagaajinta ay tahay in la
hirgeliyo.

1.D oorka X ildhibaanka__________________________________

2.Isbeddelka la rabo_____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3.Tallaabooyinka cayim an 4.Taariikhda la fuliyey

ee la qaadidoono

b._________________________ ___________________
_________________________

t._________________________ ___________________
__________________________

j._________________________ ___________________
_________________________

31
A qoon is 12.5 LA TA SH I IY O G U D BIN TA X IR FA D A H A
w aydaarsi

W aqtiga loo baahan yahay:90 –120 daqiiqo

U jeeddo
Layligan w axa looga dan leeyahay in looga helo ka qaybgalayaasha fursad uu m id
w alba ka kale ka caaw iyo horum arinta gacan ka qabashada,qorshayaasha haw leed ee
shaqayn kara siloogu toosiyo w axqabadka hoggaam inta la soo doortay

H ab-raaca
K a qaybgalayaasha w axaad u qaybisaa/kala saartaa saddex kooxood.U sharax in ka
qaybgale kastaa uu dib u dhugan doono m id ka m id ah isbeddeladii uu rabay iyo
qorshe-haw leedkiikhuseeyey (eeg carbiskiiaynu hadda soo dhaafnay) iyagoo ay ku
w eheliyaan labada ka qaybgale ee kale. Labada ka qaybgale ee kale, iyagoo iska
dhigaya la taliyayaal,w axay naqdiyidoonaan qorshe-haw leedka ku shaqaynteeda iyo
dihinaanteeda ee loogu gaadhi lahaa isbeddelka la doonayo. W axa la sii w adayaa
haw shaas ilaa iyo inta ka qaybgale kastaaba uu dib u jalleecayo qorshooyinkiisa
haw sha isagoo ay la jiraan ka qaybgalayaal kale oo uu ka qaatay, dersayna
faalladoodii.

U sheeg ka qaybgalayaasha inay haystaan w aqtiah 90 daqiiqo oo ay ku dham m eeyaan

saddex dib u dhugasho,taasoo ka qaybgale w alba uu yeealanayo m id am a laba qorshe
haw leed. Sidaas la ajligeed,dib u eegid kasta oo uu ka qaybgale leeyahay w aa inay
qaadato qiyaastii30 daqiiqo.K ula talika qaybgalayaasha inay dhaw raan w aqtiga,si
aanu ka ugu dam beeyaa m arba ugu soo hagaagin w aqti ka yar w aqtigii kii ka
horreeyey.W axaad u soo jeedisaa in qofka ka m id ah ka qaybgalayaasha uu u galo
halkiiw aqti-illaaliyaha dib u eegid kasta.

(haw lkala doorasho leh laakiin taladu ay tahay in la qaato)

N asasho la soo shaaheeyo am a tu qado dabadeed, am a si suurtogal ah nasasho

habeenim o ka bacdi, ka qaybgalayaashu w axay ku m artiqaadan yihiin inay u
bandhigaan kooxda gebiahaanteed w axqabadka hoggaam inta ay dam acsan yihiin inay
ka gaadhaan doorarkooda xildhibaanim o iyo soo ururin ku lug leh qorshayaashooda
haw leed ee ay ku talajiraan. Iyadoo la dhaw rayo w aqtiga, w aa inaan la dhiirigelin
w adahadaldam be am se naqdi.

32
A qoon is
w aydaarsi
H addiiaad baran karto,waad qaban kartaa

33
A qoon is Q oraalla tashi
w aydaarsi _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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34
A qoon is
w aydaarsi

X A R U N TA Q A R A M M A D A M ID O O BA Y EE D EG SIIM A D A
A A D A N A H A (H A BITA T)

S.BO O STA 300030,N A IR O BI,K EN Y A

Telifoon:(254-2 )621234,Telex:22996 U N H A B
K E,cable:U N H A BITA T FA C SIM ILE:(254-2)624266/7
(C EN TR A L office),624262 (A D M ),623263/4 (TC D ),624265 (R D D ).
PR IO R ITY O N E W O R D S
EN G LISH SO M A LI
1.A ccountability -X isaabtan
-X ilkaa Saaran yahay
2.A ction plan -Q orshe haw leed.
-W ax-qabad haw leed
3.A ctive Listening -dhegaysifeejigan
-D hegaysiD arban
-D hegaysiM ug leh.
4.A lternative -K ala D oorasho
-W ax bedelikara w ax kale
5.A pplication -A rji
Codsi
A deegsi
6.A ssessm ent -Q iyaasid
-Q iim ayn
7.A uthority -Suldada
-A w ood xukun
8.A w areness -W acyi-galin
-K a w arqab
9.Basic Education -W ax-barasho A saasiah.
10.Benificiery -D an ku Q abe
-K a faa’iidayste
11.Cabacity Building -K obcin w ax Q abad
-A w ood dhisid.
12.Case Study -D araasad X aaladeed
13.Chick list -Liis H ubineed
14.Civic -M adani
-La xiriira m agaalo
-m uw aadin
15.Collaboration. -G acan siin
-W ada shaqayn
-Is Caaw im id
16.Com m itee -G uddi
17.Com m unicator -G aarsiiye
-Isgaadhsiiye
18.Com m unity -Beel
-Jaaliyad
19.Com m unity -H orum arin Beeleed
D evelopm ent -H orum arin Jaaliyadeed
20.Concepts -Figrado
-A ragtiyo
21.ConceptualH at -Figrada M etalaada X ilaalka
Rack
22.Conflict -Is-qabad/K hilaaf
-Iska horim aad
23.Consensus -R ayila isku raacay
A qbalaad figrad guud
24.Consequently -N atiijo
-Caw aaqib
25.Constituency -D agaan D oorasho
26.Co-operation -Iskaashi
W ada shaqayn
27.Council G ole
28.Councilor X il-dhibaan D egaan
X ubin ka tirsan G udiga degaanka
29.Counterproductive -M aax D um in
-Lid ku ah.
30.Criteria -C abirka w ax lagu saleeyo
Q oddobbo w ax lagu saleeyo.
31.Criteque -W ax lagu Saleeyo
32.D ecion M aker -G oa’aam iye
33.D efinition -Q eexid.
34.D elegation/D elegate -W efti
-Ergo
35.D em ocracy -D em oqraadiyad
36.D escription -Tilm aan
-Sifo
-Sharax
37.D ialogue -W ada H adal
38.Effective -W ax ku ool
-Sidiila rabay w ax u tarid.
39.Effective leadership -H ogaam inta w ax ku oolka ah.
40.Effeciency -W ax qabad fiican leh
41.Elected Leadership -H ogaam inta la doortay
42.Em pow er/Em pow er -A w ood siin
m ent -A w ood u fasaxid
43.Enabler/Enable -A w ood siin
-K artisiin
44.Essay -Q orm o
-M aqaal
45.Ethical -H ab-dhaqan
46.Evaluation/Evaluate -Q iim ayn
47.Evaluation Survey -Q iim ayn Sahan
-Baaritaan qiim ayneed
48.Exercise -Layli
49Facilitator Fududeeye/Sahle
50.Feed back W ar C elin
Jaw aab Celin
51.Financier -M asuulM aaliyadeed.
52.G ender -Jandar
53.G oal -H adaf
-G ool
54.G ood G overnanace -H ab X ukun W anaagsan
-H ab M aam ul
55.G overnm ent -X ukuum ad
56.G roup D iscusion -D ood kooxeed
57.G uide -Tilm aam id
-H age
58.H and Book -Tilm aan Bixiye
-Tilm aam e Bare.
59.H um an Resources -K hayraadka D adka
60.H um an Settlem ent -D egsiim ooyinka A adanaha
D egaam ayn
61.Im plem entation -H irgalin
-Fulin
62.Inform ation -X og
-W argelin
63.Institution -H aya’ad
64.Institution Builder -H aya’ad D hise
65.Institionalize -H aya’deeye
66.Instruction -A m ar
-W ax barasho
-W ax barid
67.K ey Point -Q oddobbo M uhiim ah.
Q oddobbo M a D haafaan ah
68.Leadership Process -G eedisocod H oggaam ineed
69.Learning -Barasho
-W ax Barasho
-Tacliin Barasho
70.Learning O bjective -U jeeddooyinka Barashada
Y oolka Barashada
71.Local -D aw ladda H oose
G overnm ent/A uthority
72.M ajority -A qlabiyad
-Inta Badan
73.M anagem ent -G eediSocodka M aaraynta
Process
74.M eeting -K ulan
-Shir
75.M inority -Inta Y ar
-Laga tiro yaryahay
76.M inutes -H adalQ or
-H adalqoraal
77.M ission -Ergo
-Risaalo
78.M onitoring -La socod
-La saan qaad
79. -W ada X aajood siiye
N egotaition/N egotiator -W ada H adalsiiye
-G orgoriye
80.N etw orking -Shabakadeyn/N idaam haw leed oo
w ada shaqaynaya
81.O rganization -U rur
82.O verseer -K orjooge
83.O verview -D ulm ar/G uud M ar
84.Participants -K a-qayb-galayaasha/K aqayb-
qaatayaasha
85.Perception -Faham /D hugm o/G arasho.
86.Perform ance -W axqabad/Fulin H aw leed.
87.Perspective -K a eegid w ajio kala duw an.
88.Policy -Q orshe H aw leed/K hidad/Siyaasad
89.Policy M aker -Siyaasad D ejiye
90.Pow erBroker -A w ood w ax ku qabte/A w ood
adeegsade
91.presentation -Soo Bandhigid/Q adim aad
92.Proactive -K a hor dhaaf/Q orshe Curiye/Q orshe
raac
93.Process -G eedisocod/Socodka
94.Q uestionnairre -W eydiim o Q oran/w eydiim o taxane
ah/w eydiim o Sahan ah
95.Q uoum -Tirada ugu yar ee shirku ku ansixi
karo
96.Rational -M aan-gal/M acquul
97.Reactive -Falcelin/Q orshe laaw e/A rrin ku
baraarug
98.Refrence -Tixraac/Raad raac
99.Reflection -ilays noqod/H um aag noqod
100.Resources -K hayraad.
101.Revenue -D akhli
102.Role play -D oor-jelid/D oorciyaarid
103.Session -Fadhi/K ulan
104.Shared V ision -A ragtiw adaag
105.Sim ple M ajority -A qlabiyad haldheeriah.
106.Sim ulation -Iska yeelid/U ekeysiin
107.Slum s -Buulcaw s/Carshaan/Isku raran
108.Solution -Furdaam in/X al
109.Stakeholders -D aneeyayaal.
110.Strategic Plan -Q orshe istaratijiyadeed.
111.Strategy -Istaratijiyad/Tab/xeelad
112.Sum m ary -Soo koobid/K hulaaso
113.Sym ptons -A staam o/Calaam ado
114.Systam atic -H abaysan/N idaam san
115.Technique -Farsam o/X eelad.
116.Training D esign. JaanjooyadaTababarka/N aqshadeynta
Tababarka
117.Training M aterial. -A gabka Tababarka/Q alabka
Tababarka
118.Traing N eed -Q iyaasid baahida
assessm ent. Tababarka/Q iim eynta Baahida
Tababarka
119.Transparency. -W ax qaris laa’aan
120.Transparent -Q ofaan w axba qarinaynin.
121.U nanim ous -Loo dhan yahay/G edigood.
122.V ision. -A ragtifog/A ragtidheer
123.W arm up exercise -Iskulalayn/Q andhicin/D iiran
124.W orkshop. -A qoon Isw eydaarsi.
Priority tw o w ords.
125.A cknow ledgm ent -G arw aaqsi/G araw si/M ahad-celin
126.A dm inistrative -A deegsi
Fixes.
127.A nalysis -G orfeyn/Falanqeyn/Taxliil.
128.A ssignm ent. -Shaqo M ucayin ah
129.A ssuption -M aleyn/Siu qaadasho
130.Benchm ark -Bar qiyaaseed/Bartilm am eed
131.Challenges -C aqabad/Loolan/H ardan
132.Collective -K ooxeed/U rureed/W adareed
133.Conceptual fram e-G adaan-fikradeed/A asaas fik
w ork
134.Constructive -W ax dhisid/D hism o-gal
135.Conventional -X ikm ad soo jireen ah.
W isdom
136.Corruption -M usuq-m aasuq/Laaluush.
137.D ilem a -Laba daran m id dooro
138.D iversity -K ala duw anaan/K ala gedisnaan
139.Encouraging -D hiiri-galin/G eesinim o galin.
140.Fundam ental -A sal/A asaasi.
141.Identification -Tilm aam id/Baadisooc/A qoonsi.
142.Indivitual -G acan ka geysiqofnim o/In qofbiiri
Contribution.
143.Infrastructure -D hism o-hooseed.
144.Input. -W ax galin
145.nsight. -A ragtiM askaxeed.
146.Inspiration. -M aan-godlin/Ra’yifiican helid.
147.Interaction. -Isdhex-gal/isla fal-gal/Isku dhafm id.
148.Judgem ent -X ukun/G o’aan
149.Land U se M alaise. -A afada dhulboobka/D hulku habsa
150.M ultipurpose -U jeeddo badan/U jeedooyin kala du
151.O utput. -W ax ka soo saarid.
152.PotentialCandidate -M usharax dihin/M usharax im an kara
153.Pre-training. -Tababar horaad/Tababarhortiis.
154.Priority -M udnaan.
155.Problem Solver Furdaam iye/X aliye dhib
156.proficiency -X irfad H anasho/A qoon sare u leh.
157.Public -G uud
158.Public Sector. -Q aybta G uud
159.Public Service -A deeg guud.
160.Regulation -X eer H oosaad.
161.SelfG overnance. -Isxukum id.
162.SelfIntroduction. -Is-sheegid/Is-tilm aam id.
163.Selfstudy. -Isbarid
164.SelfA ssesm ent -Isqiyaasid/Isqiim eyn.
165.Shirinking -K hayraadka siiyaranaya
Resources.
166.Technical -Farsam o/Farsam ayn
167Training needs. -Baahitababar.
Priority three W ords
168.A bsolute Poverty -Saboolnim o
169.A bsolute -G ebi-ahaan/Buuxda.
170.A pplicationCom m i -N idar-gal/D aba-qaad ballan
tm ents
171.Bureaucracies -Biroqraadiyad/X afiisyad D aw ladda oo
shaqadoodu gaabis tahay
172.Caution -Taxadar/D igniin.
173.D ensity -C ufnaan/Jirm iga shega.
174.Environm ental -H oos u dhac degaan/H oos u dhac
D egradation xaaladda degaanka
175.Equilibrium -D heeli-tir/Is-le’eg
176.H aw ker -H a is w areerin/D adka badeecada
naadiya
177.Im plication -M aldahnaan/H adal aan dhab loo
m uujin laakiin laga fahm i karo w ajiga
qofka.
178.Jurisdiction. -H aya’addaha G arsoorka.
179.LegalRequirm ent. -Baahida Sharciyeed.
180.Legislation. -X eer D egin.
181.Legitim ate -Sharciahaan/Q aanuun ahaan
182.M atchm aker -Isku aadiye w ax isku habboon
183.M isinterpretation -Fasiraad xum o/Fasiraad qaldan
184.O ff-spring -Farac.
185.O ptim istic -Sam o-filasho/Sam o arag/D hanka
W anaagsan ka eeg
186.Partnership -W adaag/W ada lahaansho.
187.Pessim istic -X um o arag/X um a filasho/D hanka xun
ka eeg
188.Phenom ina -Ifafaalayaal.
189.Professional -X irfadle/X eel-dheeri
190.Recycle -Sam eyn celin/D ib u nacfigalin
191.Rules. -Q aw aaniin/X eer
192.Status Q uo -X aalad taagan
193.Stim ulation. -X iiso galin/Fi-fircoonigalin.
194.To W ear different-X ilqaad badnaan/K aalim okala duw an
H ats. qaa
195.W aterpolution. -D ikhaw Biyood/W asakhaw
Biyood/D hiiq
196.Facilitator -Fududeeye
197.Financier -M asuulM aaliyadeed
198.G ender -Jandar
199.N egotiator -W ada hadalsiiye.
200.O verseer -K orjooge.
201.Policy M aker -Siyaasad dejiye
202.Pow erBroker -A w ood w ax ku Q abte.
203.Institution Builder -H aya’ad dhise
204.Leader -H ogaam iye
205.Leadership -H ogaam in