COLOR

4-7
Table 4-1. I.S.C.C.-N.B.S. Standard Hue Names and Abbreviations
7
NOUN
FORM
ABBREVI-
ATION
pink
red
orange
brown
yellow
olive
green
blue
purple
white
gray
black
Pk
R
Br
Y
01
G
B
P
Wh
Gr
Bk
ADJECTIVE
FORM
ABBREVI-
ATION
pinkish
reddish
orange
brownish
yellowish
olive
greenish
bluish
purplish
pk
r
o
br
y
ol
g
b
P
ADJECTIVE
MODIFIER
ABBREVI-
ATION
light
dark
It
dk
weak wk
strong
moderate
str
mod
medium med
vivid V1V
ADVERB
MODIFIER
ABBREVI-
ATION
very V
Capitalized abbreviations refer to the noun form, lower case signifies the adjective form.
Systems of Transparent Color Standards
Color specifications based upon transparent mediums take advantage of
the fact that it is possible with a fixed illuminant to control the color of the
transmitted light over a wide range by introducing varying amounts of
three absorbing materials, permitting the light to pass through two or more
elements of the absorbing medium instead of through a single element.
The color specification consists of the number of unit elements of each of
the three absorbing components required to produce the color match by
subtractive combination.
The Lovibond system utilizes combinations of standardized glass filters
of different thickness.
8, 10
-
" 12
The Army system utilizes combinations
of standardized filter solutions of variable concentration.
13
Such color systems are best suited to the specification of the color of
other transparent mediums because it is usually easy to assure that stand-
ard and sample receive the same amount and kind of illumination. Under
those circumstances departure from a standard illuminant usually produces
only a second-order effect upon the color specification.
9
Munsell and Ostwald Systems of Surface Color Designation
The color designation systems utilizing physical samples developed
respectively by Albert H. Munsell, a Boston art teacher, and by Wilhelm
Ostwald, a German, winner
(1909)
of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, are
the two most widely known and used in the United States for designating
surface colors. Each system is based on an orderly classification of opaque
surface-color samples which lends itself readily to arrangement in the color
solids shown in Fig. 4-4.
Munsell system. In the Munsell system, a color is designated according
to its value, chroma, and hue. The color solid is divided along its vertical
axis into equally perceptible value units; along radii into equally perceptible
chroma units, and angularly into equally perceptible hue units.