Contents

Overview
Unit 1 Information Systems ............................................................................................ 8
Unit 2 Human-computer interaction ............................................................................. 30
Unit 3 Solving Problems ............................................................................................... 64
Unit 4 Coding from algorithms ..................................................................................... 94
Unit 5 Structured programming .................................................................................. 135
Unit 6 Computer Systems ........................................................................................... 170
Unit 7 Structured query language ............................................................................... 210
Unit 8 Object-role modelling ...................................................................................... 243
Unit 9 Developing an information system .................................................................. 303
Unit 10 Intelligent systems ......................................................................................... 332
Preface
What is IPT? ...................................................................................................................... 1
The DDE cycle ................................................................................................................... 2
Task development cycles ................................................................................................... 6

Information Systems
Data, information, knowledge and wisdom ....................................................................... 8
Systems ............................................................................................................................ 11
Forms of information system ........................................................................................... 15
Relational basics .............................................................................................................. 19
SEI 1 System security and integrity .............................................................................. 21
Human-computer interaction
Introduction to HCI .......................................................................................................... 30
The user ............................................................................................................................ 32
Usability ........................................................................................................................... 36
Forms of UI ...................................................................................................................... 41
Design devices ................................................................................................................. 44
User centred design .......................................................................................................... 49
Good design ..................................................................................................................... 50
SEI 2 Physical consequences ........................................................................................ 55
Solving Problems
Computer suitable problems ............................................................................................ 64
Algorithms ....................................................................................................................... 70
Introduction to pseudocode .............................................................................................. 71
Elements of an algorithm ................................................................................................. 72
Types of error ................................................................................................................... 75
Challenge ......................................................................................................................... 79
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SEI 3 Copyright ............................................................................................................. 80

Coding from algorithms
Programming languages ................................................................................................... 94
Programming constructs ................................................................................................... 96
Sequence ........................................................................................................................... 98
Using variables ............................................................................................................... 102
Selection ......................................................................................................................... 107
More selection ................................................................................................................ 113
Iteration .......................................................................................................................... 116
Subroutines ..................................................................................................................... 124
SEI 4 Software monopolies ......................................................................................... 131
Structured programming
Arrays ............................................................................................................................. 135
Bubble sort ..................................................................................................................... 140
String handling ............................................................................................................... 143
File handling ................................................................................................................... 146
SEI 5 Malware ............................................................................................................. 148
Problem solving revisited ............................................................................................... 151
Software Development Cycle ......................................................................................... 151
The SDC in action .......................................................................................................... 155
Possible programming tasks ........................................................................................... 168
Computer Systems
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 170
System parts ................................................................................................................... 172
Inside the computer ........................................................................................................ 176
Software .......................................................................................................................... 189
Networking ..................................................................................................................... 194
Network cabling and protocols ....................................................................................... 199
Internet cafe .................................................................................................................... 203
SEI 6 The changing workplace .................................................................................... 206
Structured query language
The Repairs database ...................................................................................................... 210
SQL syntax ..................................................................................................................... 211
Selecting columns from a table ...................................................................................... 212
Special operators ............................................................................................................ 214
Updating ......................................................................................................................... 217
The School database ....................................................................................................... 218
Subqueries ...................................................................................................................... 219
Processing data in queries .............................................................................................. 224
Joining tables .................................................................................................................. 228
SEI 7 Information privacy ........................................................................................... 235
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Object-role modelling
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 243
ORM ............................................................................................................................... 247
Ternary relationships ...................................................................................................... 260
Simplifying the structure ................................................................................................ 265
Uniqueness constraints ................................................................................................... 269
Normalisation ................................................................................................................. 277
More constraints ............................................................................................................. 281
The conceptual schema design process .......................................................................... 286
SEI 8 Virtual communities .......................................................................................... 296
Developing an information system
IS review ......................................................................................................................... 303
Information system development ................................................................................... 307
Scenario .......................................................................................................................... 309
Possible IS scenarios ...................................................................................................... 322
SEI 9 Internet abuses ................................................................................................... 324
Intelligent systems
What is intelligence? ...................................................................................................... 332
What is artificial intelligence? ........................................................................................ 334
Expert systems ................................................................................................................ 337
Decisions ........................................................................................................................ 341
SEI 10 Who is responsible? ......................................................................................... 344
Artificial neural networks ............................................................................................... 347
Robotics .......................................................................................................................... 354
Artificial intelligence ...................................................................................................... 359
Appendix 1 SQL databases .................................................................................................. 370
Appendix 2 SQL Answers ................................................................................................... 374
Appendix 3 Pseudocode ....................................................................................................... 381
Index........................................................................................................................................ 383

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