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FILTRATION FILTRATION
Sachin Sachin Sachin Sachin Malekar Malekar Malekar Malekar
Technology Division Technology Division Technology Division Technology Division
ION EXCHANGE INDIA LIMITED, VASHI ION EXCHANGE INDIA LIMITED, VASHI ION EXCHANGE INDIA LIMITED, VASHI ION EXCHANGE INDIA LIMITED, VASHI
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FILTRATION
Filtration is the last unit process in pretreatment of
water
Water flows either by gravity or under pressure
through a filter media like sand or anthracite
Suspended solids and flocs formed previously by
coagulation and flocculation are retained on the
filter surface
Once the pressure drop exceeds the set limit, the
filer bed is cleaned by back washing the media
by reversal of flow of water
The filter is now ready for use.
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FEED WATER QUALITY
Filters are normally preceded by a clarifier that
produces water with
Suspended solids < 15 - 20 ppm
Turbidity 10 - 15 NTU
In the absence of clarifier, feed water to a filter
should have
Suspended solids < 50 ppm
Turbidity < 50 NTU
Feed water should not contain oil & grease and
excessive amount of algae.
FILTRATION
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TREATED WATER QUALITY
A granular media (eg. Sand) filter removes
Suspended solids more or less completely
Bulk of the colloidal particles if water has been
coagulated before it enters the filter.
Expected turbidity at the outlet of a
Gravity sand filter < 1 NTU
Pressure sand filter < 2 NTU
FILTRATION
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Types of Granular Media Filters
Based on operation
Pressure filters
Gravity filters
Based on material used inside
Single media / dual media / multi media
Pressure filters
Vertical / Horizontal
Single Media / Dual Media / Multi Media
Multigrade filters
Activated Carbon Filters
FILTRATION
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Pressure Sand Filters
Inlet water quality
Suspended solids < 25 -50 mg/l
Outlet water quality
Suspended solids Nil
Turbidity < 2 NTU
Note
The entire quantity of backwash water
may be returned to the clarifier inlet to
conserve water.
FILTRATION
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FILTRATION
Pressure Sand Filter
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Vertical pressure sand filter
FILTRATION
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Single Media Filters
Single media filters
use fine sand ( 16 / 32 mesh)
produce improved quality of filtrate, result in
reduced run length as its surface holding capacity
is low.
Examples
1. Fine sand
2. Anthracite
3. Granular Activated Carbon
FILTRATION
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Dual Media Filters
Dual media filters
Use coarse anthracite on top of fine sand
Fine sand improves filtrate quality.
Anthracite has higher surface holding
capacity.
Net result is depth filtration resulting in higher
filtration rate.
Multi media filters
Use coarse anthracite + sand + garnet
FILTRATION
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Multigrade Filters
Inlet water quality
Suspended solids < 50 mg/l
Outlet water quality
Suspended solids Nil
Turbidity < 5 NTU
Note
The entire quantity of backwash water
may be returned to the clarifier inlet to
conserve water.
FILTRATION
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FILTRATION
Activated Carbon Filter
While all the other media perform a pure filtration
function, GAC additionally combats organics and
most often is used for dechlorination to protect costly
ion exchange resins and reverse osmosis
membranes.
GAC is used after sand / anthracite filter in a second
filtration stage to be more effective.
All the filters operate by gravity or under pressure.
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Gravity filters
Rapid Gravity filters
Auto Valveless Gravity Filters (AVGF)
Continuous dynasand filter
FILTRATION
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FILTRATION
Gravity Sand Filter
Plan
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FILTRATION
Gravity Sand Filter
Sectional Elevation
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AUTO VALVELESS GRAVITY FILTER
FILTRATION
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FILTRATION
DYNASAND FILTER
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To be the leader in our business
which is so vital to peoples
lives and the environment
To be the leader in our business To be the leader in our business
which is so vital to people which is so vital to people s s
lives and the environment lives and the environment
OUR ISION
OUR ISION
THANK YOU