rirAi'. I. PIERS AND VAULTS.

>fi7
lines, or a little more than 1
G^
lines. The model of this arch would not liowever stand
on jjiers loss than 1 7 Hues tliick.
In taking the root ot" double the thrust the result is
18^
Ihies, as it is alfo b^- the geo-
.letiieal method.
Application to the Pointed Arch,
1401. The model which
fig.
575. represents was of the same lunght
and width as the last, and the voussoirs were all jf ecjual tliifkuy .s.
Having laid down all the lines on the figure as before, we shall tiud /K
of tile formula to be
x=/2p
+
^^'^=^+*'
wherein
KL -
7)iL -
IT, represented by rf,
-
MK
. . - -
AB
. . . -
mL X AB, represented by
;;
in the foiniula, w'.U
be 14 X 9
-
and 'Jj)
2pd will be 252 x 63, which gives
m, which is KM x AB or 23 x 9,
2nj =
414, 2ic = 414 X 20
Ipd^mc 158708220
= 6 8; Tlie height of the pier, represented by a, being 120, we have ^^
-^
j,q
6, or FT X AB, will be 86 x 9 = 774 ; whence
-=
^.,^
=6 45, and
j^
= 41 -60. Substituting
these values in the fornmla
x= a/252+63-8 + 41 6-6.45=12-46 lines for the thickness of the pier.
In taking the square root of double the thrust the thickness comes out 15"88 lines, as it
does by the geometrical method. Kxperimeuts showed that the least thickness of piers
upon which the model would stand was 14 lines.
Application to a suniiouiited Cattnurean Arch.
1402. The lines are all as in the preceding examples
{fiy.
576.).
The whole arch acts on the pier in the direction FT, which is resolved
into the two forjcj 1]/"and Tm, and the formula, as before, is
: =v/2p+i^*;
'^
a- a'
thus having found B/ =
22l,
we have the value of 7j
= 22-^ x 9 = 201
;
and
2fi
=402.
140;5. This model was of the same dimensions as the preceding:
b, which represents
Tfx
AB, will be 769-5; ^ will be 6-41, and
A 7'J9">
'^
loir
= 41
-1
1 These values substituted in the formula give
x= a/402 +
41-11 6-41 =14-64 lines.
1 404. Exj)eriment determined that the pier ought not to be less
than 16 lines, and the geometrical method made it SO'O.".
i'lie following table shows the experiments on six ditlerent models.
Form of Arcli.
Thickness of the I'ii-
1
s.

By the formula. By I'xperiment. Geometrically.

l.inps. Lines. Lilies.
T.ie pointed
12-46 14-00 15-88
. The catenary
14
-64 15 00 20-05
The cycloid
14-66 15-00 17-24
The parabolic
15-85 16-50 21 -SO
The elli])tic
16-77 17-00 18-75
The cassinuid
19-62
21 00 20-79
i