Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century

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Time 100: The Most Important People of the
Century
Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century is a compilation of the 20th century's 100 most influential
people, published in Time magazine in 1999.
The idea for such a list started on February 1, 1998, with a debate at a symposium at the Kennedy Center in
Washington, D.C. The panel participants were former CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather, historian Doris
Kearns Goodwin, former New York governor Mario Cuomo, then-Stanford Provost Dr. Condoleezza Rice, publisher
Irving Kristol, and Time managing editor Walter Isaacson.
The final list was published on June 14, 1999, in a special issue titled "TIME 100: Heroes & Icons of the 20th
Century".
In a separate issue on December 31, 1999, Time recognized Albert Einstein as the Person of the Century.
List categories
The list contains a total of 100 people, with 20 each in five broad categories: Leaders & Revolutionaries, Scientists
& Thinkers, Builders & Titans, Artists & Entertainers, and Heroes & Icons.
Person of the Century
Of the 100 chosen, Albert Einstein was crowned the Person of the Century, on the grounds that he was the
preeminent scientist in a century dominated by science. The editors of Time believed the 20th Century "will be
remembered foremost for its science and technology", and Einstein "serves as a symbol of all the scientistssuch as
Heisenberg, Bohr, Richard Feynman, and Stephen Hawking...who built upon his work".
[1]
The cover of the magazine featured the famous image of Einstein taken in 1947 by American portrait photographer
Philippe Halsman. It was during this photo session that Einstein recounted to Halsman his despair that his special
theory of relativity and his letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt had led the United States to create the atomic
bomb. It was at this point of immense sadness for Einstein that Halsman took the picture.
Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century
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Albert Einstein
Runners-up:
Mohandas K. Gandhi Franklin D. Roosevelt
It was debated whether Adolf Hitler, German Chancellor and Fhrer responsible for World War II and the
Holocaust, should have been made Person of the Century for his impact on the 20th Century. The argument was
based on Time's criteria that the person chosen should have the greatest impact on this century, for better or worse.
However, it was decided that since Hitler's goals were defeated and the century ended on a positive note, he was not
as influential as Einstein, Roosevelt, or Gandhi, though he did still make the list.
Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century
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The only people to shape both the 20th century and the early 21st
Of Time magazine's 100 most influential people of the 20th century, only the following four had the distinction of
being honored again when in 2004, Time began publishing an annual list of the 100 people who continue to change
the world:
Bill Gates Pope John Paul II Nelson Mandela Oprah Winfrey
Gates was considered influential in the 20th century for his role in the computer revolution, and then later recognized
in the 21st century for his philanthropic influence. Pope John Paul II was recognized in part for his role in ending
communism in Eastern Europe. Nelson Mandela was recognized for his role in ending apartheid in the 20th century,
and as a symbol of forgiveness in the 21st. Winfrey was considered influential in the 20th for creating a more
intimate confessional form of media communication, unleashing confession culture, and popularizing and
revolutionizing
[2]

[3]

[4]
the tabloid talk show genre pioneered by Phil Donahue, which a Yale study claimed broke
20th century taboos and allowed gays, transsexuals, and transgender people to enter the mainstream.
[5]
In the 21st
century she was considered influential as an inspirational role model, for the impact of her book club in making
literature accessible to the masses, and for helping to elect the first African-American president
[6]
.
Criticisms
The list has been criticized for being too U.S.-centric. Time magazine representative Bruce Handy responded to the
criticism this way:
Heyit's the American century. Clearly, the Europeans were the great innovators in terms of high
modernism. But when it comes to popular culture this century has been all American. American popular
culture is really the arts story of the century's second half. The music the world listens to, the movies the
world watches, the junk food the world eats are all Americanor largely American influenced.
The list has also been criticized for not including Elvis Presley, a decision Handy defended in the following way:
One of the most important, innovative things about rock is the whole notion of songwriters singing their
own works, of the immediacy of expression. Since Elvis didn't write his own material, unlike The
Beatles or Bob Dylan or Robert Johnson, who's also someone who could have been included, maybe
that cut against him I think the Beatles pushed the envelope a lot further. Elvis' most original
recordings were his first. The Beatles started out as imitators, then continued to grow throughout their
years together.
[7]
Handy was also asked to defend Times decision to include the fictional character Bart Simpson from The Simpsons
television series among the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, and he did so as follows:
I don't see how you can look at this century and not include cartoons. They're one of our great
contributions, along with jazz and film. (I know, I know. The movies were a 19th-century invention. But
we 20th century folks really put them to good use.) To some extent, too, we wanted people who also
Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century
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represented important 20th century trends or developments. That would help account for the Barts and
Oprahs
[7]
...What Bart, or really the Simpsons, have done is merge social satire with popular animation
in a way that hasn't really been done before.
[7]
The list also received criticism for its inclusion of Lucky Luciano who was chosen in part because he modernized
the Mafia, shaping it into a smoothly run national crime syndicate focused on the bottom line. New York mayor
Rudy Giuliani accused Time of "romanticizing" gangsters and stated, "The idea that he civilized the Mafia is absurd.
He murdered in order to get the position that he had, and then he authorized hundreds and hundreds of murders." The
selection was called an outrage by Philip Cannistraro, a Queens College professor of Italian-American studies, and
Thomas Vitale, the New York State vice president of Fieri, an Italian-American charitable organization, criticized
Time for "perpetuating myths" about Italian-Americans. However Time business editor Bill Saporito defended the
selection by calling Luciano as "kind of an evil genius" who had a deep impact on the underground economy. "We're
not out there to heap glory on these people," he explained. "We're out to say these are people who influenced our
lives." Saporito further noted that "every piece of merchandise that came out of the Garment District had a little extra
cost in it because of organized crime."
[8]
See also
The Time 100. TIME magazine's list of currently influential people, published annually beginning in 2004,
following the success of 1999's "20th century" list.
External links
Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century
[9]
at TIME
References
[1] "Einstein as Person of the Century (or Not?)." (http:/ / www. aip. org/ history/ newsletter/ spring2000/ einstein. htm) (in en). Center for
History of Physics Newsletter. Volume XXXII, No. 1, Spring 2000. American Institute of Physics,. .
[2] Dr. Leonard Mustazza. "Coming After Oprah" (http:/ / www. personal. psu. edu/ faculty/ l/ x/ lxm7/ oprah. html). Press release. . Retrieved
2007-03-12.
[3] Tannen, Deborah (1998-06-08). "Oprah Winfrey" (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ time100/ artists/ profile/ winfrey. html). The TIME 100
(TIME). . Retrieved 2007-03-12.
[4] "Oprahization" (http:/ / www. wordspy.com/ words/ Oprahization. asp). Word Spy. . Retrieved 2007-03-12.
[5] "An interview and excerpt from Freaks Talk Back" (http:/ / www. press. uchicago. edu/ Misc/ Chicago/ 280640. html). University of Chicago
Press. . Retrieved 2007-03-12.
[6] Levitt, Steven D. (2008-08-06). "So Much for One Person, One Vote" (http:/ / freakonomics. blogs. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 08/ 06/
so-much-for-one-person-one-vote/ ). The New York Times. . Retrieved 2010-05-25.
[7] TIME 100: Artist & Entertainers - Bruce Handy Yahoo Chat 6/04/98 (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ time100/ sinatra_chat. html)
[8] It'S No Time To Laud Luciano, Says Rudy (http:/ / www. nydailynews. com/ archives/ news/ 1998/ 12/ 01/
1998-12-01_it_s_no_time_to_laud_luciano.html)
[9] http:/ / 205. 188. 238.181/ time/ time100/ index_2000_time100. html
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