sciencephysics4all.weebly.

com

.

=

2
= 2f

f=

1
(1 s 1 1 /s 1 Hz)

(1rad/s)

.. x=At
.. u=u max t

u max A

.. =- max t
amax 2 A
.. x=A(t+)
.. u=u max (t+)

u max A
.. =- max (t+)
amax 2 A
=

2
t

F=-m max (t)=-m 2 (t)= - m 2 x F=-Dx

F Fmax (t 0 )
... F D x
D = m 2
T=2

m
D

D k

1
1
1
2
2t m 2 A2 2t
K mu 2 mumax
2
2
2

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1
mu 2 , u
2

1
1
U= Dx 2 = m 2 A 2 2t
2
2
U

1 2
Dx ,
2

x ..
:

1
1
1
1
1
2
mu 2 Dx 2 DA2 mumax
m 2 A2
2
2
2
2
2
(
).
:
:
=+U E

1
1
2
DA2 E mumax
2
2

:
1 (

1
1
1
): K U E K U U max mu 2 Dx 2 DA2
2
2
2
2 (

1
1
1
2
): K U E K U K max mu 2 Dx 2 mumax
2
2
2
3 (
):
1
1
2
U max K max DA2 mumax
2
2
D k
! H u U .

WF

1
1
2
2
mu
mu

2
2

WF

1 2
1 2
Dx Dx
2
2

F k l

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 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com


D k .
D1 m1 2 D2 m2 2 . D1 D2 k
...

1)

d
d
a
2 x
dt
dt
.
2)

dp
dp
F
Dx
dt
dt
F .
3) .

dK
F
dt
F u
.
4) .

K U E

dK dU
dU
dK
dU

F
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt

F u
.
.
1.
.

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 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com
m1u1 m2 u 2 m1u1 m2 u 2 .
:
)
.
)
.
) (+) (-)
.
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
.
:
m1u1 m2 u 2 (m1 m2 )V
:
)
.
)
.
) (+) (-)
.
.
t 0 q Q
q Qt
t 0 i 0
i It

U
U

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I Q

1 Q2
2 C

1 2
LI
2

 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com

1 q2
1 Q2
U
U
2t U 2t
2 C
2 C

1 2 1 2 2
Li LI t U 2t
2
2

LC :
U U U ( ) U ( )

1 q2 1 2 1 Q 2 1
1
Li
CV 2 LI 2
2C 2
2 C 2
2

!
!

:

1 Q2
1
1
E CV 2 E LI 2
2
2
2 C

LC :
1 (
(Q ) (q)
1 q2 1 2 1 Q 2
Li
2C 2
2 C

2 (
(I ) (q)
(i )
):

(i ) ): U U U ( MAX )

1 q2 1 2 1 2
Li LI
2C 2
2

3 (
(I ) (Q ) ):
U U U ( MAX )

1 Q2 1 2
U ( ) U ( )
LI
2 C 2
4 (Q )
(V ) (q)
(i ) , (1)

: U U U ( MAX )
(3) : U ( ) U ( )

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1 q2 1 2 1
Li CV 2
2C 2
2
1
1
CV 2 LI 2
2
2

 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com

LC :
+ =
=
1 q2 1 2 1 Q2 1
1
Li
CV 2 LI 2
2 C 2
2 C 2
2

LC :

1
LC

LC : T 2 LC

.

1
1
C
U ( ) U ( ) CV 2 LI 2 V
2
2
L
i ,
q
U U U ( )

1 q2 1 2 1 Q2
Li
i Q 2 q 2
2 C 2
2 C

U U U ( )

1 q2 1 2 1 2
1
Li LI q
I 2 i2
2 C 2
2

1)
dq
i
t 0 q Q
dt
( i 0 )
dq
( ). ,
dt
dq
( i 0 ),
(
dt
).

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 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com
,
dq
,
i i
dt
.
2) VC V A VB ( V ,
t 0 q Q ,

dV
dV
q
1
1 dq
i
VC q C
C
VC
C
dt
C dt
dt
C

3) = . U U .

dU dU

0 PC PL 0 PL PC
dt
dt

.
4)

VC VL

q
q
di
di
L
C
dt
dt
LC

5) ,
,
U

dU q dq
1 q2

2 C
dt
C dt

PC

dU
VC i
dt

6) ,
,
U

dU
dU
dU
1 2
di
di
Li
Li
L i PL
| VL | i
2
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt

.
.


F bu

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 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com
.
:
A A0 e t , t R
b
:
, b m
2m
.
:
t1 A A0 e t1 . (1) t 2
A
: A0 e t2 (2).
2
(1) (2) :

A / 2 A0 e t2
1
ln 2

e (t2 t1 ) e t1 / 2 2 t1 / 2 ln 2 t1 / 2
t1
A
2

A0 e


.
A A0 e t , t T , 0,1,2,..... (1)

A0 A1 A2
A

..... . , 0,1,2,.....
A1 A2 A3
A 1
t1 T t 2 ( 1)T (1)
A A0 e T
A 1 A0 e ( 1)T

A
e T ., 0,1,2,......
A 1

,
R .
(
) :
Q Q0 e t ,

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R
2L

 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com
.

1 D
2 m
!
.

.

H F F bu ( F

F
)
f f 0 .


F .

: f 0

dW
dW dQ
| F | u bu 2

PF
dt
dt
dt
LC : f 0

2 LC
U B ( MAX ) U E ( MAX )

0
To R
I

LC t T Q I 2 RT , I
2

, W QR I 2 Rt
Joule RLC t
T .
Joule
P i 2 R

.
. ,
.
:

x1 A1t
()
x2 A2 (t ) ()

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 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com
,

(. )

x x1 x2

()

(),() () :

x A1t A2 (t )

x A (t ) ,
A A12 A22 2 A1 A2

A2
A1 A2

:
) 0 . 1 ,
A A12 A22 2 A1 A2 A ( A1 A2 ) 2 A A1 A2 0 0

.

) 180 . 1 ,
A A12 A22 2 A1 A2 A ( A1 A2 ) 2 A | A1 A2 |
0 0 180
,
( 0
A1 A2 180 A1 A2 .
. ,
, , :
x1 A 1t x2 A 2 t

x x1 x2 x A1t A2 t x A(1t 2 t )
x 2 A (

1 2

t ) (

1 2

t)
2
2

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10

 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com

.
A 2 A (

1 2
2

t ) ( | A | 0 | A | 2 A )

1 2
2

0) (

1 2
2

1 2
2

t ) ,

. 1

1 2
2

1 2 .

x A t

| A | ,
, 2.
.
T (
) .

A 2 A (

1 2
2

t ) (

1 2
2

t) 0

| 1 2 |

t (2 1) , =0,1,2,
2
2

=0 =1 ,
t1 t 2 A .
=0

| 1 2 |

t1 t1
2
2
| 1 2 |

=1

| 1 2 |
3
3
t2
t2
2
2
| 1 2 |

T t 2 t1 T

2
3
2

| 1 2 | 2 | f1 f 2 |
| 1 2 | | 1 2 |

1
| f1 f 2 |

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11

 sciencephysics4all.weebly.com

f

1
f | f1 f 2 |
T

f
.

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12