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UNITE D STATE S P ATE NT OFFICE
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E l wood C. Fa b er, Ma n heim Town ship, L a n c a ster
Cou n ty , P a . , a ssig n or to Armstron g Cork Com
pa n y , L a n c a ster, P a . , a c orpora tion of P en n sy l
v a n ia
Appl ic a tion J u l y 1 3 , 1 9 3 8, Seria l No. 2 1 8, 9 4 4
6 Cl a ims. ( Cl . 1 1 3 -4 2 )
This in v en tion rel a tes to improv emen ts in
sheet workin g dies a n d is more pa rtic u l a rl y c on
c ern ed with a sel f -c on ta in ed die u n it in whic h
the pressu re mea n s or c u shion f or the dra win g
rin g , pu sh-ou t, stripper or other l oa ded memb er
is prov ided a s a n in teg ra l pa rt of the u n it, thu s
el imin a tin g the u se of sprin g , ru b b er or other
extern a l die c u shion s whic h a re n orma l l y em
pl oy ed.
The in v en tion is pa rtic u l a rl y u sef u l in tha t
a spec t whic h c on templ a tes sheet meta l f ormin g
a n d dra win g . It ha s b een u n iv ersa l pra c tic e in
the c on stru c tion of dies f or su c h pu rpose to l oa d
the dra w rin g to prov ide dra win g pressu re
throu g h the u se of sprin g s, ru b b er b l oc ks or c y l
in der a n d piston u n its. Sin c e the dra w rin g
mu st b e su b sta n tia l l y u n if orml y l oa ded throu g h
ou t its projec ted a rea in order to properl y ef f ec t
dra win g , it ha s heretof ore b een c ommon pra c
tic e to prov ide a pl u ra l ity of su pportin g pin s f or
the dra w rin g , the pin s v a ry in g in n u mb er f rom
three f or a sma l l die to f iv e or more on l a rg er
dies. These pin s pa ss throu g h a ppropria te open
in g s in the die b a se a n d b ol ster pl a te a n d a re
a tta c hed to a pl a te, kn own a s a sa ddl e, disposed
b en ea th the b ol ster pl a te, the sa ddl e b ein g sl id-
a b l e u pon g u ide rods when the su pportin g pin s
a re displ a c ed. The sa ddl e is g en era l l y either
sprin g u rg ed or opera tes a g a in st the resil ien c y
of ru b b er b l oc ks, a n d the ef f ec tiv e l oa din g of
the dra w rin g is determin ed b y the c ha ra c teris
tic s of the sprin g s or ru b b er b l oc ks a n d the c om
pression a ppl ied thereto.
Su c h stru c tu res a re ob jec tion a b l e f or the
rea son tha t the f ormin g a n d dra win g presses
with whic h they a re u sed a re g en era l l y u til iz ed
f or the f orma tion of v a riou s a rtic l es of v a ry in g
siz e. This n ec essita tes tha t the b ol ster b e dril l ed
to prov ide pa ssa g ewa y s f or the su pportin g pin s
a n d sa ddl e g u ide rods f or ea c h die. This is n ot
on l y expen siv e a n d c u mb ersome, b u t the b ol ster
pl a te a n d die b a se a rewea ken ed a n d a re l ikel y
to b ec ome b u c kl ed or wa rped in serv ic e. It is
a l so n ec essa ry to prov ide sprin g s of di? ' eren t
c ha ra c teristic s f or ea c h die u n it a n d, where a
mu l tipl e u n it die is u sed, ea c h u n it mu st b e
sepa ra tel y a dJ u sted to ov erc ome v a ria tion s in
sprin g c ha ra c teristic s. n on u n if orm f ric tion a l en
g a g emen t a n d the l ike, a n d sepa ra te su pport
in g pin s a n d sa ddl es a re g en era l l y prov ided f or
ea c h dra w rin g .
An other prob l em, c ommon to the in du stry , is
to properl y c on trol the dra win g pressu re so a s to
ob ta in u n if ormity in the a rtic l es b ein g f ormed.
This prob l em is a g g ra v a ted when dra w rin g su p
1 0
1 5
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
portin g pin s a re u sed, f or v a ria tion s in f ric
tion a l en g a g emen t of the pin s with the b ody of
the die b a se or shoe c a u sed b y misa l ig n men t,
b u rrs, f oreig n ob jec ts, a n d the l ike resu l t in a
v a ria b l e l oa din g of the dra w rin g , a n d u n der
su c h c on dition s, it is impossib l e to u n if orml y
dra w the meta l b l a n k b ein g opera ted u pon .
This sa me trou b l e is en c ou n tered a t the su p
portin g pin sa ddl e where it en g a g es the g u ide
rods u pon whic h it is sl ida b l e. If the dra w rin g
is n ot u n if orml y l oa ded, the c l a mpin g a c tion
b etween the dra w rin g a n d the c oopera tin g
pu n c h wil l n ot b e u n if orm a n d a s dra win g pro
c eeds those portion s of the b l a n k ra dia l l y dis
posed with respec t to the portion s whic h a re
n ot so ? rml y c l a mped wil l b e improperl y dra wn ,
resu l tin g in a n u n ev en l y f ormed a rtic l e.
An other prob l em whic h ha s b een en c ou n tered
in f ormin g a n d dra win g opera tion s ha s b een to
properl y a l ig n the c u ttin g a n d f ormin g mem
b ers so tha t proper shea rin g of the meta l is ef
f ec ted, if the f ormin g a n d dra win g b e c omb in ed
with shea rin g , a n d to prev en t b in din g a n d wea r
of the pa rts whic h in ev ita b l y oc c u rs if the pa rts
a re n ot properl y a l ig n ed. In sheet meta l shea r
in g , dra win g a n d f ormin g , the pa rts mu st b e
ma de to in teren g a g e with of ten l ess tha n on e
thou sa n dth of a n in c h c l ea ra n c e b etween c o
opera tin g pa rts. By my in v en tion , the b ol ster
pl a te a n d ra m hea d ma y b e g rou n d tru e a n d the
die position ed thereon . Un der su c h c on dition s
proper a l ig n men t is a tta in ed withou t dif f ic u l ty .
The die is u n ita ry a n d ma y b e prov ided with
smooth g rou n d su rf a c es f or en g a g emen t with a n
imperf ora te b ol ster a n d ra m.
The die u n it of the presen t in v en tion is idea l l y
su ited f or u se in the f orma tion of rel a tiv el y
sma l l a rtic l es, su c h a s b ottl e c l osu re b l a n ks,
where del ic a te dra win g is n ec essa ry , where met
a l s of v a ry in g c ha ra c teristic s a re b ein g opera ted
u pon a n d where a sin g l e press ma y b e u sed in
the f orma tion of ma n y dif f eren t siz es of c l osu re
b l a n ks ea c h req u irin g dif f eren t dra win g pres-4
su res.
On e a spec t of my in v en tion c on templ a tes a ,
die in whic h the dra w rin g opera tes within a
c a v ity f ormed in the die b a se a g a in st a ? u id
pressu re l oa din g , the dra w rin g b ein g a rra n g ed
to a c t a s a piston within the c a v ity . Su c h a
u n it is en tirel y sel f -c on ta in ed ( exc ept f or c on
n ec tin g pressu re ? u id l in es) a n d req u ires n o
c ompl ic a ted pressu re pin a n d sprin g or ru b b er
b l oc k l oa ded sa ddl e a rra n g emen ts. By u til iz in g
? u id u n der pressu re a s the l oa din g on the dra w
rin g , it is possib l e to v a ry the. dra win g pressu re
2
a t wil l to c ompen sa te f or v a ria tion s in meta l
b ein g dra wn a n d siz es a n d sha pes en c ou n teredv
a n d to a c c u ra tel y c on trol the pressu re thu s es
ta b l ished. Sin c e the dra win g rin g a c ts a s its
own piston , the l oa din g is u n if orm throu g hou t
its projec ted a rea a n d u n if orm dra win g is a l
wa y s ef f ec ted.
An other a spec t of my in v en tion c on templ a tes
a ? u id pressu re ejec tor whic h, when a ssoc ia ted
with a ? u id pressu re dra w rin g permits \ c on
v en ien t remov a l of the f ormin g memb ers.
Thu s, my in v en tion prov ides a die u n it -' whic h
is simpl e to f a b ric a te a n d ma in ta in , c on v en ien tl y
a dju sta b l e a s to dra win g or f ormin g pressu re, so
c on stru c ted a n d a rra n g ed tha t v a riou s f orms
ma y b e dra wn with a sin g l e die withou t the
n ec essity of disma n tl in g thereof a n d ma y b e re
mov ed a s a u n it f rom a press a n d a ppl ied thereto
withou t the n ec essity of c a ref u l c hec k on a l ig n
men t of the v a riou s c ompon en t el emen ts whic h
a re a l l prea ssemb ied a n d u n ita ril y a l ig n ed.
Other sa l ien t f ea tu res, in c l u din g a n ov el thru st
b u tton a rra n g emen t, a n oil ? l m sea l b rea kin g
a rra n g emen t a n d other c omb in a tion s wil l b e
c ome a ppa ren t u pon deta il ed desc ription of a
ty pic a l emb odimen t thereof in c on ju n c tion with
the a c c ompa n y in g dra win g s, in whic h:
Fig u ra l is a top pl a n v iew of the die u n it of
my in v en tion ;
Fig u re 2 is a n en d el ev a tion thereof ;
Fig u re 3 is a sec tion a l v iew to en l a rg ed sc a l e
ta ken a l on g the l in e IIIIII of Fig u re l , with the
a ddition of thru st pl a tes f or the u n it;
Fig u re 4 is a sec tion a l v iew ta ken on l in e
IV-IV of Fig u re 1 b u t showin g the pu n c h u n it
on l y ;
Fig u re 5 is a sec tion a l v iew ta ken on the l in e
V-V of Fig u re l b u t il l u stra tin g a die u n it on l y ;
Fig u re 6 is a dia g ra mma tic v iew showin g the
? u id pressu re c irc u it;
Fig u re 7 is a dia g ra mma tic v iew il l u stra tin g
the a ir die u n it mou n ted f or opera tion in a f orm
in g press; a n d
Fig u re 8 is a n isometric v iew of a n ov el thru st
b u tton .
In the il l u stra ted emb odimen t, there is shown
a tripl e die set f or u se in the f orma tion of c l o
su re b l a n ks. It wil l b e u n derstood tha t this in
v en tion is n ot c on c ern ed with the n u mb er of
u n its a ssoc ia ted within a sin g l e b a se; the in v en
tion , in its b roa der a spec ts a t l ea st, b ein g u sef u l
in sin g l e or mu l tipl e u n it a rra n g emen ts. It is
pa rtic u l a rl y a dv a n ta g eou s in sma l l mu l tipl e die
u n its where rel a tiv el y hig h workin g pressu res
a re en c ou n tered f or the rea son tha t it is pos
sib l e to ob ta in hig h workin g pressu res with a
sma l l press, where, with the c on v en tion a l die
u n its, spa c e l imita tion s wou l d mil ita te a g a in st
the u se of a sma l l press f or su c h work.
The u n it shown in the dra win g s c omprises a
pu n c h a ssemb l y g en era l l y in dic a ted b y the n u
mera l 2 a n d a die a ssemb l y g en era l l y in dic a ted
b y the n u mera l 3 , the pu n c h a ssemb l y b ein g
mov a b l e on g u ide rods 4 , 5 a n d 6 ( Fig u res 1 a n d
2 ) towa rd a n d a wa y f rom the die a ssemb l y to
ef f ec t c oopera tiv e workin g rel a tion ship of the
pa rts in c u ttin g , dra win g a n d f ormin g .
~ The pu n c h u n it in c l u des a pu n c h b a se I to
whic h a re a tta c hed c u ttin g pu n c hes 8, b ein g se
c u red b y ma c hin e sc rews 9 . On e c u ttin g pu n c h
is shown in sec tion in Fig u res 3 a n d 4 a n d the
desc ription wil l b e l imited to this on e u n it sin c e
the other two u n its a re su b sta n tia l l y iden tic a l
with it. An ejec tor III, whic h in the emb odimen t
u n der c on sidera tion a l so a c ts a s a f ormin g el e
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
5 0
6 5
6 0
6 5
70
2 , 2 5 0 , 4 0 0
men t, is retra c ta b l e within the pu n c h 8, a n d
mov es within a b ore II prov ided in the b a se 1
( Fig u re 4 ) . The ejec tor Il l is shown in retra c ted
position in Fig u re 3 a n d in exten ded position in
Fig u re 4 . Mov emen t of the ejec tor I0 is l imited
in retra c ted position b y en g a g emen t thereof with
a thru st memb er or thru st b u tton l 2 disposed
within the c a v ity II a n d ha v in g a shou l der l 3
en g a g ea b l e within a rec ess prov ided in the b a se I
to properl y position the sa me, a n d mov emen t to
ejec tin g position is l imited b y a hol der g en era l l y
in dic a ted b y the n u mera l I4 ( Fig u re 3 ). The
hol der is prov ided with a pin l 5 whic h pa sses
pa rtia l l y throu g h the pu n c h b a se I a n d in to the
c ha mb er II, pa ssin g f reel y in to a sl ot IS in the
ejec tor. It wil l b e n oted tha t the ejec tor I0 is
remov a b l e f rom the pu n c h u n it b y mov emen t in
a n a xia l direc tion , su c h mov emen t b ein g l imited
on l y b y the pin ii. In the emb odimen t shown ,
the pin [ 5 is prov ided with a n a n n u l a r shou l der
I! whic h is disposed within a b ore prov ided in
b a se I. A hol l ow b odied sc rew I8 is threa ded
in to the b ore in the b a se 1 a n d su rrou n ds the
portion of the pin l y in g within the b ore. The
hea d of the sc rew I8 is prov ided with a n open in g
throu g h whic h the en d of the pin l 5 projec ts. A
sprin g I! is position ed b etween the hea d of the
sc rew l 8 a n d the shou l der I! on the pin l 5 a n d
n orma l l y u rg es the pin in to position within the
sl ot IS. The pin a dja c en t the hea d of the sc rew
it is prov ided with a n a n n u l a r rec ess a da pted to
rec eiv e the b if u rc a ted en d of a tool whic h c a n
b e piv oted a b ou t the sc rew l 8 to eif ec t ou twa rd
displ a c emen t of the pin a g a in st the pressu re of
the sprin g i9 , permittin g remov a l of the ejec
tor H ).
The ejec tor is a l so prov ided with a pu sh-ou t
? n g er 2 0 whic h opera tes within a b ore pro
v ided in the ejec tor b ody . The ? n g er 2 0 is n or
ma l l y u rg ed to a position exterior of the f a c e of
the ejec tor ( Fig u re 4 ) b y a sprin g 2 | hel d in
pl a c e b y a pin 2 2 a n d serv es to in su re remov a l
of - the c ompl eted b l a n k f rom the ejec tor hea d
where it ma y otherwise a dhere b y rea son of the
l u b ric a tin g ? l m u su a l l y a ppl ied to the sheet
stoc k.
The ejec tor is a da pted f or a c tu a tion b y ? u id
u n der pressu re, pref era b l y a ir in termitten tl y a p
pl ied. P ressu re ? u id f rom a sou rc e is f ed
throu g h a pa ssa g ewa y 2 3 f ormed in the b a se I
to a c en tra l distrib u tin g c ha mb er 2 4 ( Fig u re 3 ),
throu g h a f eeder 2 4 ' in to the c ha mb er H . The
thru st b u tton I2 is prov ided with a n a n n u l a r
c ha n n el 2 5 ( Fig u res 4 a n d 8) whic h c ommu n i
c a tes with the f eeder 2 4 ' . There is a dril l ed
open in g 2 6 whic h pa sses dia metric a l l y throu g h
the b u tton a t the a n n u l a r c ha n n el 2 5 a n d a n
a xia l l y disposed open in g 2 1 c ommu n ic a tin g with
the open in g 2 6 to the f a c e 2 8 of the b u tton . In
order to en l a rg e the a rea f or c ommu n ic a tion of
? u id to the en d of the ejec tor, g roov es 2 9 a n d 3 0
a re prov ided therein whic h in tersec t a t the open
in g 2 1 .
When ? u id u n der pressu re is c ommu n ic a ted
to pa ssa g ewa y 2 3 , it tra v el s therethrou g h to
c ha mb er 2 4 , throu g h f eeder 2 4 ' , c ha n n el 2 5 ,
open in g s 2 6 a n d 2 1 a n d sl ots 2 9 a n d 3 0 , thu s
a ppl y in g f orc e to the ejec tor III whic h mov es the
sa me a xia l l y of the pu n c h 8, the pressu re ? u id
? l l in g the c ha mb er II a s the ejec tor mov es a wa y
f rom the thru st b u tton . Axia l mov emen t is
l imited b y en g a g emen t of the pin IS with the
ejec tor b ody a t the b ottom of sl ot I 6 . The posi
tion of the ejec tor with respec t to the pu n c h
If . when in su c h ejec tin g position is shown in
F1 8
u re 4 .
In the ma n u f a c tu re of c l osu re shel l s, it is c om
mon to rov ide dif f erin g top desig n s therein . For
exa n ip e, a 2 8 mm. siz e c l osu re ma y b e prov ided
with a ? a t top, a f u l l domed top, a pa rtia l domed
top, a ? a t top with a n a n n u l a r depressed b ea d
spa c ed c irc u mf eren tia l l y in wa rdl y f rom the pe
riphery thereof , or a domed top with a simil a r
b ea d f orma tion , on oc c a sion a s the dic ta tes of
the tra de ma y dema n d. In a l l of these c l osu res,
the skirt l en g th, ? a n g e l en g th a n d other dimen
sion s ma y b e the sa me, the hea d portion on l y
b ein g a l tered. This req u ires on l y tha t the f orm
in g memb ers b e c ha n g ed to su it the desired hea d
c on ? g u ra tion . . By ~ my . in v en tiorL the ejec tor-l 0 ,
whic h a s poin ted ou t a b ov e ma y a l so serv e a s a
f ormer, is c on v en ien tl y remov a b l e withou t dis
tu rb in g the c u ttin g pu n c h 8 b y the mere ex
pedien t of retra c tin g pin l 5 a n d permittin g the
ejec tor III to f a l l b y g ra v ity f rom within the
c a v ity II, or, if there b e a n y ten den c y f or the
pa rts to stic k, b y rea son of f ric tion a l en g a g e
men t or otherwise, a ir ma y b e sl owl y in trodu c ed
in to c ha mb er II to ja c k the ejec tor f rom within
the pu n c h b a se.
A sprin g u rg ed b a l l a rra n g emen t is shown in
Fig u re 4 whic h serv es to prev en t u n desired mov e
men t of the ejec tor l 0 . In this stru c tu re, the
pu n c h 8 is dril l ed to prov ide a c ha mb er ha v in g
a n open in g a t the in n er su rf a c e of the pu n c h
of somewha t l esser dia meter tha n the dia meter
of the c ha mb er. A steel b a l l 3 | is position ed
within the c ha mb er with a portion thereof f ree
to en g a g e the su rf -a c e\ of the ejec tor " I, b ein g
u rg ed to su c h position b y rwsprin r? mel d in
c ompression b y setsc rew 3 3 , in wa rd mov emen t
of the b a l l ~ 3 | b ein g l imited b y the shou l der
f ormed b y the redu c ed dia meter of the c ha m
b er a dja c en t the in n er su rf a c e of the pu n c h so
tha t the b a l l rema in s in position when the ejec tor
is remov ed. This a rra n g emen t is ef f ec tiv e f or
hol din g the ejec tor a g a in st u n desired mov emen t
exc ept du rin g the ejec tin g opera tion . When this
stru c tu re is u sed, it is n ec essa ry to ja c k ou t the
ejec tor, a s a b ov e desc rib ed.
The die u n it 3 c omprises a die b a se shoe 3 4
( Fig u res 3 a n d 5 ) whic h is prov ided with a c a v ity
or c y l in der b ore 3 5 . A c u ttin g rin g 3 6 is posi
tion ed a b ou t the mou th of the b ore 3 5 a n d is
sec u red to the b a se 3 4 b y ma c hin e sc rews 3 1 .
The c u ttin g rin g 3 6 is prov ided with a shou l dered
a n n u l u s 3 5 whic h serv es to a l ig n it in the die
b a se. A f ormin g memb er 3 9 is position ed within
a n open in g in the die b a se 3 4 a t the b ore 3 5 a n d
is hel d in pl a c e b y a hol din g pin a rra n g emen t
4 5 su b sta n tia l l y the sa me a s the hol der H f or
the ejec tor exc eptin g tha t the open in g 4 | f or the
pin 4 2 is ju st su ? l c ien tl y l a rg e to permit c on
v en ien t a ssemb l y -the f ormer 3 9 is n orma l l y ? xed
with respec t to the die b a se 3 4 . A dra w rin g
4 3 is position ed within the c a v ity or c ha mb er 3 5
a n d en c irc l es the f ormer 3 9 a n d sl ides within
the c u ttin g rin g 3 6 . The dra w rin g 4 3 is shown
in retra c ted position in Fig u re 3 a n d in el ev a ted
position in Fig u re 5 , a n d is desig n ed so a s to
f orm its own piston opera tin g within c a v ity 3 5 .
In order to in su re a n a ir tig ht join t b etween the
pa rts, a pa c kin g wa sher 4 4 is prov ided.
Dra w rin g 4 3 is a da pted to b e ? u id pressu re
l oa ded. As shown in Fig u re 3 , pressu re ? u id is
c ommu n ic a ted f rom a sou rc e throu g h a pipe 4 5
whic h en ters it in to a pa ssa g ewa y 4 6 f ormed in
the die b a se f or c on v ey in g the ? u id to a c en tra l
distrib u tin g c ha mb er 4 1 . Feeder pa ssa g es 4 5
2 , 2 5 0 , 4 5 0
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
70
75
SE ARCH
a re prov ided whic h c ommu n ic a te the ? u id f rom
the distrib u tin g c ha mb er 4 1 to the in div idu a l
c a v ities 3 5 .
Sin c e the sheet ma teria l b ein g opera ted u pon
of ten c a rries a l u b ric a tin g ? l m, a n d sin c e it is
desired to ha v e the c ompl eted b l a n k remov ed
f rom the dra w rin g 4 3 , the b l a n k is c a u sed to
mov e with the pu n c h 8 a wa y f rom the f ormer
3 9 a n d the dra w rin g 4 3 . The b l a n k 4 9 , if it b e
prov ided with a ? a n g e 5 5 a s shown in Fig u re 3 ,
ma y ha v e a ten den c y to a dhere to the dra w rin g
4 3 b y rea son of the l u b ric a tin g ma teria l u sed
a n d the f a c t tha t a v a c u u m ma y b e c rea ted
within the b l a n k 4 9 u pon u pwa rd mov emen t of
the dra w rin g 4 3 with respec t to the f ormer 3 9 .
In order to in su re tha t the b l a n k 4 9 wil l b e
pa rted f rom the dra w rin g 4 3 u pon u pwa rd mov e
men t of the pu n c h u n it 3 , mea n s a re prov ided
to b rea k the sea l b etween the dra w rin g a n d
b l a n k a n d to a v oid the c rea tion of a v a c u u m
within the b l a n k.
In the emb odimen t shown in the dra win g s, the
f ormer 3 9 is prov ided with a c en tra l b ore 5 |
whic h is f ormed f rom the b ottom of the f ormer
to a poin t a dja c en t its top. Sma l l b l eeder pa s
sa g es 5 2 ru n f rom the b ore 5 | to a n exposed
su rf a c e of the hea d. A g rou p of three ra dia l l y
spa c ed b l eeders ha s b een u til iz ed with g ood re
su l ts. Fl u id u n der pressu re is c ommu n ic a ted
f rom a sou rc e throu g h pipe 5 3 ( Fig u re 1 ) throu g h
a pa ssa g ewa y 5 4 to a c en tra l distrib u tin g c ha m
b er 5 5 f ormed in the die b a se 3 4 a s shown in
Fig u re 1 . Sl ots 5 5 a re prov ided in the b ottom
of the die b a se 3 4 whic h l ea d to ea c h of the
die u n its a s shown in dotted l in es in Fig u re
1 . Cha n n el s 5 1 f or c on n ec tin g the v a riou s u n its
a re f ormed b y c ha mf erin g the die b a se 3 4 a t the
z on e of c on -ta c t with the f ormers 3 9 a s shown
in Fig u res 3 a n d 5 a n d ea c h of the f ormers 3 5
is prov ided with a ra dia l sl ot 5 5 ( Fig u re 5 ) whic h
c on n ec ts the c en tra l b ore 5 | with the pa ssa g e
wa y 5 6 , throu g h the c ha mf ered c ha n n el 5 1 . Thu s
c ommu n ic a tion of ? u id u n der l ow pressu re f rom
the pipe 5 3 to the hea d of ea c h of the f ormers
3 9 is esta b l ished.
. l a ws prov ided, when sheet stoc k is
b ein g opera u pon , ha v in g open in g s throu g h
whic h the pu n c hes 5 pa ss. In order to prev en t
f ric tion a l wea r a n d to f a c il ita te mov emen t of the
pa rts, f el t wa shers 6 9 a re prov ided f or the a ppl i
c a tion of l u b ric a tin g ma teria l to the pu n c hes 5 .
The stripper 5 9 is n orm-a l l y sprin g u rg ed to the
position shown in Fig u re 4 , b ein g retra c ted to
the position shown in Fig u re 3 in the f ormin g
opera tion . Upon sepa ra tion of the pu n c h a n d
die u n its. the skel eton 6 | of sheet ma teria l is
stripped f rom the pu n c hes 5 .
Compressed a ir is pref era b l y u sed a s the ? u id
u n der pressu re a n d a sc hema tic dia g ra m of the a ir
l in e a rra n g emen t is shown in Fig u re 6 . Com
pressed a ir is f ed f rom the sou rc e S throu g h a
pin e 6 2 a n d a pipe 83 to a v a l v e 6 4 . the opera tion
of whic h is c on trol l ed b y a c a m 6 5 a n d a n oper
a tin g a rm 5 5 c on n ec ted to a c a m f ol l ower 5 1 .
Rota tion is impa rted to the c a m 6 5 to open a n d
c l ose the v a l v e 6 4 in sy n c hron ism with the pu n c h
u n it so tha t a ir is f ed f rom the sou rc e S throu g h
pipes 6 2 a n d 6 3 a n d in termitten tl y throu g h v a l v e
6 4 to a pipe 6 9 c on n ec tin g with the l in e 2 3 whic h
l ea ds to the c en tra l distrib u tion c ha mb er 2 4 of
the ejec tors ( prev iou sl y desc rib ed). A petc oc k
6 9 is prov ided to a dmit l u b ric a tin g ? u id to the a ir
l in es to l u b ric a te the ejec tors III. A pipe 1 5 c on
n ec ts with the sou rc e S, throu g h pipe 6 ! , a n d
c ommu n ic a tes c ompressed a ir to a redu c in g v a l v e
ROOM
H whic h is a da pted f or ma n u a l c on trol to v a ry
the ? u id pressu re. The c ompressed a ir is then
c ommu n ic a ted throu g h a pipe 1 2 c on n ec ted to
l in e 4 5 hr the dra w rin g s a s prev iou sl y desc rib ed.
A sa f ety c on trol 1 3 is prov ided in the l in e 1 2
b etween the redu c in g v a l v e II a n d the l in e 4 5
whic h c on trol is ef f ec tiv e f or shu ttin g down the
press in the ev en t the f l u id pressu re drops b el ow
a predetermin ed min imu m.
It ha s b een deten n in edtha t dra win g of meta l
ob jec ts c a n b e b etter a c c ompl ished if the pres
su re on the dra w rin g in c rea ses a s the b l a n k is
dra wn . As dra win g prog resses, the a rea of the
meta l c l a mped b etween the dra w rin g a n d the
pu n c h dec rea ses a n d the meta l in the skirt is
c ompressed a n d in c rea sed sl ig htl y in thic kn ess
req u irin g more pressu re to ef f ec t proper dra win g .
By my in v en tion , u til iz in g ? u id u n der pressu re a s
the l oa din g f orc e in dra win g , this is a c c ompl ished
b y pl a c in g c hec k v a l v e 1 4 in the l in e l ea din g f rom
the c on trol v a l v e II whic h c hec k v a l v e permits
f ree pa ssa g e of a ir in to the dra w rin g c a v ity 3 5
b u t prev en ts the retu rn of a ir to the l in e u pon
mov emen t of the dra w rin g down wa rdl y in the
dra win g opera tion . Sin c e the a ir in itia l l y f ed
to the c a v ity is thu s tra pped b y the c hec k v a l v e,
it is c ompressed a n d thu s the dra win g pressu re
is prog ressiv el y in c rea sed a s the b l a n k is dra wn .
In order to l u b ric a te the dra w rin g s, a petc oc k
I5 is prov ided whic h c on n ec ts to the l in e f eedin g
c ompressed a ir to the dra w rin g c a v ity . Fl u id
u n der pressu re f or the sea l b rea kers 5 2 in the
f ormers 3 8 is f ed f rom l in e 1 2 . throu g h pipe 1 8
to l in e 5 3 , prev iou sl y desc rib ed a n d a c u t of f v a l v e
1 1 is prov ided in the b ra n c h l in e to l imit the f l ow
of ? u id. A shu t of f v a l v e 1 8 is prov ided in the
l in e 1 0 to c u t oil the su ppl y of a ir when the dies
a re n ot in u se.
In order to prov ide a c on v en ien t mea n s f or di
rec tin g the c ompl eted b l a n ks f rom the die in to a
su ita b l e tote b ox or c on v ey or, a ir jets 1 9 a re pro
v ided. These req u ire a rel a tiv el y l a rg e v ol u me
of a ir, in termitten tl y su ppl ied, to properl y ef f ec t
direc tion a l tra v el of the b l a n ks, a n d to a v oid su c h
su rg es in the a ir l in e pressu re whic h wou l d del
eteriou sl y a f f ec t the dra win g pressu re, the sy s
tem in c l u des a reserv e ta n k 80 f or c ompressed a ir
f or the jets 1 3 . The ta n k is su ppl ied f rom the
sou rc e S throu g h a redu c in g ori? c e 8| whic h per
mits the b l eedin g of on l y a sma l l a mou n t of a ir
in to the ta n k 80 so tha t ev en thou g h a rel a tiv el y
l a rg e v ol u me of a ir b e in termitten tl y su ppl ied to
the jets 1 9 f rom the ta n k 80 , thu s redu c in g the
a ir pressu re therein , the redu c in g ori? c e 8| per
mits on l y a g ra du a l repl en ishmen t thereof , thu s
ob v ia tin g a n y ma teria l c ha n g e in pressu re in
the a ir l in e whic h mig ht del eteriou sl y a f f ec t the
dra win g opera tion . The in termitten t su ppl y of
a ir to the jets 1 8 is c on v en ien tl y c on trol l ed b y a
v a l v e 82 whic h is c on n ec ted to the opera tin g a rm
6 8 c on trol l in g the v a l v e 6 4 f or su ppl y in g a ir to
the ejec tors.
Fig u re ' 7 il l u stra tes the die u n it of my in v en tion
a ppl ied to a , c on v en tion a l press g en era l l y in di
c a ted b y the n u mera l 83 . It wil l b e n oted tha t
the b ol ster pl a te 84 is imperf ora te a n d prov ided
with a smooth, pl a n e f a c e 85 whic h rec eiv es the
die u n it 3 . The pu n c h u n it 2 is a tta c hed to the
ra m 88 of the press. Sin c e the press is of c on
v en tion a l f orm, the pu n c h u n it 2 _ is prov ided with
a sha n k 81 whic h is g ripped in the u su a l ma n n er
b y the spl it c l a mpin g b l oc k 88 of the press ra m.
A pa ir of ha rden ed steel press pl a tes 89 a n d
88 a re a ppl ied to the f a c es of the pu n c h a n d die
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
2 , 2 5 0 , 4 5 0
u n its respec tiv el y to ob v ia te a n y sc orin g of the
press su rf a c es whic h mig ht a f f ec t proper a l ig n
men t or mig ht c a u se wea r of the pa rts u n der the
pressu re of dra win g , pa rtic u l a rl y the thru st b u t
ton s I2 a n d the f ormin g memb ers 3 9 . The pl a te
3 0 a l so serv es to sea l the open in g s 5 | , the g roov es
5 6 a n d the c ha n n el s 5 ' ! a n d 5 8 ( Fig u res 3 a n d 5 )
f or c ommu n ic a tin g ? u id u n der pressu re to the
sea l b rea kers in the f ormers 3 9 .
Sin c e it is desired to ha v e a u n ita ril y remov a b l e
die set a n d su c h a rra n g emen t does n ot c on
v en ien tl y permit of mec ha n ic a l mea n s f or stop
pin g the press in the ev en t a b l a n k b ec omes
l odg ed in the die, I prov ide a b a r 9 | whic h is
a f f ixed to the press b ed a n d spa n s the open in g
therein a n d a tta c h to this b a r a sen sitiv e switc h
9 2 ha v in g a n opera tin g ? n g er 83 en g a g ea b l e with
the b ol ster pl a te 84 . This switc h is respon siv e to
a n y min u te def l ec tion of the b ol ster pl a te 84 a n d
c on trol s the mov emen t of the press ra m so tha t
in the ev en t the die f a il to f u n c tion properl y a n d
permit a b l a n k to b ec ome l odg ed therein , the
press wil l n ot b e b roken or in ju red sin c e the
mov emen t of the r m is a rrested u pon a n y sl ig ht
de? ec tion oijjif f b ? y ter pl a te.
In the opera tion / of my dev ic e, a sheet of ma
en su res. . . b eg oc era tedn pon . is. ic g ; . c i; tu e; a f itf '
( see Fig u re' ii) , with the pu n c h u n it mov ed a wa y
f rom the die u n it a n d the pa rts a ssu min g the
respec tiv e position s shown in Fig u res 4 a n d 5 .
Rel a tiv e mov emen t is impa rted b etween the
pu n c h a n d die u n its, pref era b l y b y mov in g the
press ra m, whic h c a rries the pu n c h u n it, towa rd
the die u n it. Thesheet ' r issev erediu toa c diska
hL thepu n c h [ a c tin g a g a imttha c u m '
3 6 . This b l a n k is c l a mped b etween the pu n c h 8
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
70
75
a n d the dra w rin g 4 3 a n d a s down wa rd mov e
men t of the pu n c h c on tin u es, the disk is dra wn
ov er the f ormin g su rf a c e 3 8 to f orm the ha t
sha ped a rtic l e 4 9 a s shown in Fig u re 3 . Sin c e
a ir is c on tin u ou sl y a ppl ied to the c ha mb er 3 5 in
whic h the dra w rin g 4 3 opera tes, there is c on
tin u ou sl y a ppl ied to the dra w rin g 4 3 , pressu re
in a n u pwa rd direc tion whic h ? rml y c l a mps the
b l a n k b etween the pu n c h 8 a n d the dra w rin g
4 3 . If the c hec k v a l v e 1 4 b e prov ided in the a ir
l in e 1 2 a s desc rib ed, this pressu re is g ra du a l l y
in c rea sed a s dra win g prog resses. Af ter c ompl e
tion of the f ormin g opera tion , the pu n c h u n it is
mov ed a wa y f rom the die u n it, the a ir pressu re
in the c ha mb er 3 5 c a u sin g the dra w rin g 4 3 to
mov e to its n orma l position ( Fig u re 5 ), a pa s
sa g ewa y 84 ( Fig u re 3 ) b ein g prov ided in the die
b a se a b ov e the dra w rin g f or the esc a pe of a ir
u pon retu rn mov emen t of the dra w rin g . As the
pu n c h l ea v es the dra w rin g , the a ir f ed to the
sea l b rea ker f eed l in e 5 4 c a u ses the b l a n k to b e
mov ed a wa y f rom the top of the dra w rin g 4 3
a n d to b e c a rried u pwa rdl y within the pu n c h 8.
As u pwa rd mov emen t c on tin u es, the pu n c h 8 is
retra c ted throu g h the open in g s in the stripper
5 9 a n d the skel eton SI of the sheet T is stripped
f rom the pu n c h. Air is su ppl ied to the c en tra l
distrib u tin g c ha mb er 2 4 a n d then c e to the c ha m
b er l l of the ejec tor pin l 0 a n d it is mov ed in a n
a xia l direc tion to the position shown in Fig u re
4 , ejec tin g the c ompl eted b l a n k f rom within the
pu n c h 8. If there b e a n y ten den c y f or the b l a n k
to a dhere to the hea d of the ejec tor 1 0 , the sprin g
u rg ed extra c tor pin sea l b rea ker 2 0 b rea ks the
b on d a n d the b l a n k f a l l s b y g ra v ity down wa rdl y ,
is c a u g ht b y the direc tin g a ir f rom the jets l 8
a n d del iv ered to a tote b ox or c on v ey or. The
sheet ' 1 is then in termitten tl y mov ed to the rig ht
( Fig u re 3 ) a n d the opera tion is repea ted.
Whil e I ha v e il l u stra ted a n d desc rib ed c erta in
spec i? c pref erred emb odimen ts of my in v en tion ,
it wil l b e u n derstood tha t the in v en tion is n ot
l imited to the f orm shown a n d desc rib ed b u t ma y
b e otherwise emb odied a n d pra c tic ed within the
sc ope of the f ol l owin g c l a ims.
I c l a im:
1 . A sheet f ormin g dev ic e c omprisin g a pa ir
of c oopera tin g die a n d pu n c h memb ers, a sc f f rc e
of su ppl y of ? u id u n der pressu re, a l in e f or c on
v ey in g sa id ? u id f rom sa id sou rc e to sa id die
memb er to u n if orml y l oa d the sa me, a f l u id pres
su re direc tin g jet, a stora g e ta n k f or ? u id u n der
pressu rei' a l in e' f or c on v ey in g ? u id u n der pres
su re in termitten tl y f rom sa id stora g e ta n k to sa id
jet, a l in e c on v ey in g sa id ? u id f rom sa id sou rc e
to sa id stora g e ta n k a n d a redu c in g ori? c e in sa id
l a st men tion ed l in e, whereb y sa id in termitten t
su ppl y of ? u id to the direc tin g jet does n ot del e
teriou sl y a ? eot the su ppl y of ? u id u n der pres
su re to sa id die memb er.
2 . A sheet f ormin g die c omprisin g a die b a se
ha v in g a c a v ity therein , sa id b a se b ein g a da pted
to b e position ed on the b ol ster of a press, a f orm
in g memb er disposed within sa id c a v ity , E dr' z iw
in g memb er position ed a b ou t sa id f ormin g mem
b er a n d sl ida b l e within sa id c a v ity , mea n s c om
mu n ic a tin g ? u id u n der pressu re to sa id c a v ity
b el ow sa id dra win g memb er to u n if orml y l oa d
the sa me, a pu n c h b a se a da pted to b e sec u red
to the ra m of a press a n d mov a b l e in to c ooper
a tiv e rel a tion ship with respec t to sa id die mem
b er, a n el ec tric a l switc h a tta c hed to the press
b el ow sa id b ol ster, sa id switc h b ein g opera tiv e
to a rrest mov emen t of sa id ra m u pon de? ec tion
of sa id b ol ster to a predetermin ed poin t.
3 . A u n ita ry sel f -c on ta in ed a ir die u n it c om
prisin g a die b a se ha v in g a c ha mb er f ormed
therein , a f ormin g memb er sec u red to the b a se
a n d disposed within sa id c ha mb er, a dra win g
memb er en c irc l in g sa id f ormin g memb er a n d
sl ida b l e a xia l l y within sa id c ha mb er, a c u ttin g .
rin g deta c ha b l y sec u red to sa id b a se a n den c ir
c l in g sa id f ormin g memb er, sa id dra win g ma m" :
b er b ein g displ a c ea b l e with respec t to sa id c u t
tin g memb er a n d sa id f ormin g memb er, mea n s
c ommu n ic a tin g ? u id u n der pressu re to sa id
c ha mb er to u n if orml y l oa d sa id dra win g mem
b er, a pu n c h b a se, a pu n c h sec u red to sa id b a se
a n d a da pted to c oopera te with sa id dra win g
memb er to c l a mp a b l a n k to b e dra wn there
b etween , a , f ormin g ? n d el ec tin g men l l z ersl ida b l e
a xia l l y within sa id pu n c h a n d a da pted to b e re
tra c ted therein , a hol din g memb er pa ssin g
throu g h sa id pu n c h b a se a n d opera b l e within a
sl ot f ormed in the ejec tin g memb er, sa id hol d
in g memb er b ein g retra c til e to permit remov a l
of sa id f ormin g a n d el ec tin g memb er withou t
disma n tl in g of the a ssemb l y , a n d a hol din g mem
b er pa ssin g throu g h sa id die b a se a n d in to a n
open in g prov ided in sa id f ormin g memb er dis
posed therein , sa id pin b ein g retra c til e to permit
remov a l of sa id f ormin g memb er withou t dis
ma n tl in g oi the a ssemb l y .
4 . A u n ita ry sel f -c on ta in ed sheet ma teria l
2 , 2 5 0 , 4 5 0
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
SE ARCH ROOM
5
workin g die sa tisf a c tory f or u se with a n imper
f ora te b ol ster pl a te c omprisin g a die b a se ha v in g
a b ore therein , a f ormin g memb er c a rried b y the
b a se a n d projec tin g in to sa id b ore, dra win g mea n s
disposed a b ou t sa id f ormin g memb er a n d rec ip
roc a b l e with respec t thereto, sa id dra win g mea n s
c on stitu tin g , with sa id f ormin g memb er, a su b
sta n tia l l y ? u id tig ht c l osu re f or sa id b ore, sa id
dra win g mea n s b ein g sl ida b l e a s a piston within
sa id b ore, mea n s c ommu n ic a tin g ? u id u n der
pressu re in to sa id b ore in whic h the dra win g
mea n s opera tes a n d thereb el ow to direc tl y l oa d
sa id dra win g mea n s, su c h ? u id pressu re l oa din g
of sa id dra win g mea n s b ein g su b sta n tia l l y u n i
f orm ov er the en tire projec ted a rea thereof , a
pu n c h b a se mov a b l e with respec t to sa id die b a se,
a pu n c h sec u red to sa id b a se a n d a da pted to c o
opera te with sa id dra win g mea n s to c l a mp a
b l a n k to b e dra wn thereb etween , a f ormin g a n d
ejec tin g memb er c a rried b y sa id pu n c h b a se a n d
sl ida b l e a xia l l y within su c h pu n c h, a thru st
b u tton c a rried b y sa id pu n c h b a se a n d a da pted
to rec eiv e the thru st of sa id f ormin g a n d ejec tin g
memb er, sa id thru st b u tton b ein g prov ided with
a pa ssa g ewa y f or ? u id u n der pressu re open in g
in to the f a c e of sa id thru st b u tton en g a g ea b l e b y
sa id f ormin g a n d ejec tin g memb er, a n d mea n s
f or in termitten tl y su ppl y in g ? u id u n der pressu re
to sa id pa ssa g ewa y to e? ec t mov emen t of sa id
f ormin g a n d ejec tin g memb er with respec t to
sa id thru st b u tton .
5 . A sheet ma teria l workin g die sa tisf a c tory
f or u se with a n imperf ora te b ol ster pl a te c om
prisin g a die b a se ha v in g a b ore therein , a f orm
in g memb er c a rried b y sa id b a se a n d projec tin g
in to sa id b ore, dra win g mea n s disposed a b ou t sa id
f ormin g memb er a n d rec iproc a b l e with respec t
thereto, sa id dra win g mea n s c on stitu tin g , with
sa id f ormin g memb er, a su b sta n tia l l y ? u id tig ht
c l osu re f or sa id b ore, sa id dra win g mea n s b ein g
sl ida b l e a s a piston within sa id b ore, mea n s
c ommu n ic a tin g a n d ma in ta in in g ? u id u n der
pressu re in sa id b ore in whic h the dra win g mea n s
opera tes a n d. thereb el ow to direc tl y l oa d sa id
dra win g mea n s, su c h ? u id pressu re l oa din g of
sa id dra win g mea n s b ein g su b sta n tia l l y u n if orm
ov er the en tire projec ted a rea thereof , a pu n c h
b a se, a pu n c h sec u red to sa id b a se a n d a da pted
to c oopera te with sa id dra win g mea n s to c l a mp
a b l a n k to b e dra wn thereb etween , a n ejec tin g
memb er sl ida b l e a xia l l y within sa id pu n c h dis
posed within a c a v ity in sa id pu n c h, a n d a da pted
to b e retra c ted therein a n d a hol din g memb er
f or sa id ejec tin g memb er pa ssin g throu g h sa id
pu n c h b a se a n d opera b l e within a sl ot f ormed in
the ejec tin g memb er, sa id hol din g memb er b ein g
retra c til e to permit remov a l of sa id ejec tin g
memb er withou t disma n tl in g of the a ssemb l y .
6 . A u n ita ry sel f -c on ta in ed sheet ma teria l
workin g die sa tisf a c tory f or u se with a n imper
f ora te b ol ster pl a te c on stru c ted in a c c orda n c e
with c l a im 5 in whic h mea n s a re prov ided f or
in termitten tl y su ppl y in g ? u id u n der pressu re to
the ejec tin g memb er to mov e the sa me with re
spec t to the pu n c h to ef f ec t ejec tion of a f ormed
a rtic l e f rom the pu n c h.
E L WOOD C. FABE R.