Field Work Report

Field Work Report
Engineering Physics Department

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
2014

INSTRUMENTATION STUDY OF CWH (CAPACITANCE WATER HOLDUP) IN
THE HALLIBURTON WIRELINE AND PERFORATING UNIT SURABAYA-
INDONESIA
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Halliburton is one of the worlds largest providers of products and services to the energy
industry. The company serves the upstream oil and gas industry throughout the lifecycle of the
reservoir from locating hydrocarbons and managing geological data, to drilling and
formation evaluation, well construction and completion, and optimizing production through
the life of the field
[1]
.
Oil drilling process requires logging for oil production optimization. Logging is recording
of boreholes physical parameters per depth
[2]
so the quality of hydrocarbons production can
be calculated. The log may be either geological logs or geophysical logs
[3]
.
Students who have done field work in PT. Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Unit
Surabaya is Vingky Defajar
[4]
which uses title Operation Skills of Insite Directional Borehole
Tilt Measurements Tool as PT. Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Tambak Sawah-Sidoarjo.
There has been no study regarding instrumentation Capacitance Water Holdup (CWH) tool in
PT. Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Unit Surabaya. Field works that done by the students
of Engineering Physics.
1.2 Objectives
The aim of this field work is to improve the soft skills and hard skills of students in order
to be the foundation at work later. From these objectives, the purposes of the field work done
at Halliburton are as follows:
1. To improve communication skills in terms of managerial case concerning tool
handling issues in PT. Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Unit Surabaya.
2. To study instrument CWH (Capacitance Water Holdup) tool for the cased-hole logging
operation in PT. Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Unit Surabaya
1.3 Material
The material related to be studied related to field work objectives, namely:
Material I:
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Understanding the working system and solving problems in general corporate
management which include:
a. Organizational structure
Understanding of the organizational structure of the management and employees of
PT. Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Unit Surabaya.
b. Flowchart
Understanding of company procedures implemented in terms of management
instruments in PT. Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Unit Surabaya Indonesia.
Materials II:
The second material is aimed at achieving the second objective, namely to study the
instrument Capacitance Water Holdup Tool in the cased hole operation in PT Halliburton
Wireline and Perforating. Some of the material is expected to be absorbed from this field
work is:
a. Understanding the operation of CWH and the basic principles of labor used in the
PT. Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Unit Surabaya.
b. Knowing the operation and preventive maintenance of Instrument Capacitance
Water Holdup tool.
1.4 Realization of Activity Schedule
This field work was carried out in the ME and SONDE LAB, PT Halliburton Wireline
and Perforating Unit Surabaya and held on July 15th, 2014 until August 25th, 2014. The
following is a general description of field work activities that has been done.
Table 1.1 Field Work Activities Schedule.
Week Job Desk Mentor
1 *Safety
K3 (Health and Safety at Work)
*Literature Study
- FDI (Fluid Density Inertial)
- CWH (Capacitive Water Holdup)
- Ryan Indrawan
(Safety Officer)
- Oscar Ongkokusumo
- Rangga Tresna
Heryudi
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*Sonde Maintenance Lab
- Logging and Wireline
- ICT (Insite CaliverTool)
*Electrical Maintenance Lab
- Nata Adesma
- Edwin Harris B. U.
- Muamar Qathafi
2 *Literature Study
- Full Wave long Space Tool
- Square Wave Oscillator
- Inventory O-Ring
- Oscar Ongkokusumo
- Nata Adesma
- Edwin Harris B. U.
- Muamar Qathafi
3 Holiday -
4 *Literature Study
- Square Wave Oscillator with Phase 90
using NE555
- Inventory Equipment and Spare Parts
- Oscar Ongkokusumo
- Nata Adesma

5 *Literature Study
using NE555
- Inventory Tool
- Incoming tool to Sonde Lab
- Assigment: Instrument
- Oscar Ongkokusumo
- Nata Adesma

6 *Literature Study - Oscar Ongkokusumo
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using NE555
- Inventory Tool
*Prensentation
*Draft Field Study Report
- Nata Adesma

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CHAPTER II:
COMPANY PROFILE
2.1 History
Founded in 1919, Halliburton is one of the world's largest providers of products and
services to the oil and gas industry. It employs more than 80,000 people, representing 140
nationalities in approximately 80 countries.
Halliburton's fascinating and proud history reveals a continuous focus on innovation and
expansion that began with the company's founder, Erle P. Halliburton. After borrowing a
wagon, a team of mules and a pump, he built a wooden mixing box and started an oil well
cementing business in Duncan, Oklahoma.
In the 1930s, Halliburton established its first research laboratories where the company
tested cement mixers, began offering acidizing services to break down the resistance of
limestone formations and increase the production of oil and gas, and performed its first
offshore cementing job using a barge-mounted cementing unit at a rig in the Creole Field in
the Gulf of Mexico. This was the beginning of what was to become the world's most extensive
offshore service.
Halliburton took the initial steps toward becoming a worldwide company in 1926. We sold
five cementing units to an English company in Burma, the start of our Eastern Hemisphere
operations, and Erle P. Halliburton sent his brothers to open our business in Alberta, Canada.
We opened in Venezuela in 1940. By 1946, the company using its innovative technology
had expanded into Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and the Middle East and began performing
services for the Arabian-American Oil Company, the forerunner of Saudi Aramco.
In 1951, Halliburton made its first appearance in Europe as Halliburton Italiana SpA., a
wholly owned subsidiary in Italy. In the next seven years, Halliburton launched Halliburton
Company Germany GmbH, set up operations in Argentina and established a subsidiary in
England.
In 1984, Halliburton provided all of the well completion equipment for the first multiwell
platform offshore China. Two years later, Halliburton became the first American company to
perform an oilfield service job on the China mainland
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The final decade of the 20th century brought more changes and growth to Halliburton. The
company opened a branch office in Moscow in 1991.
The company realigned its work into Eastern and Western Hemisphere operations in 2006,
and in 2007, divided its service offerings into two divisions: Completion and Production, and
Drilling and Evaluation.
Today, Halliburton offers the world's broadest array of products, services and integrated
solutions for oil and gas exploration, development and production
[1]
.
2.2 Vision and Mission
2.2.1 Vision
To be the preferred upstream service company for the development of global oil
and gas assets.
2.2.2 Mission
To create sustainable value by delivering outstanding products, services and Digital
Asset solutions that help our customers succeed by:
a. Maximizing production and recovery
b. Realizing reserves from difficult environments
c. Improving operational efficiency
[5]
.
2.3 Organization Structure
Organizational structure Halliburton Wireline and Perforating Services is shown in Figure
2.1. Halliburton is led by a Country Manager who oversees BSM Surabaya and seven other
sections. BSM Surabaya consists of FSQC, FSC, Maintenance Coordinator, and Field
Engineer.
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Figure 2.1 Wireline and Perforating Services Unit Surabaya Organization Structure.
2.4 Management for Preventive Maintenance
Preventive maintenance is important because the tool can be easily damaged. The purpose
for preventive maintenance in Halliburton are to process incoming tool (equipment to modify,
unscheduled repairs and scheduled maintenance) to be ready for pre-job checkout, completed
notifications, parts on order, and red rack report. The following are management instrument in
Halliburton.
Halliburton receive tool from field, tool rack and vendor. First, wash tool then check tool
history, check whether tool need PM2/PM3, where:
a. PM1 (Preventive Maintenance 1) : post job maintenance.
b. PM2 (Preventive Maintenance 2) : scheduled maintenance
c. PM3 (Preventive Maintenance 3) : damaged tool maintenance
If tool need it then send to Electrical/Sonde Lab. Otherwise check whether tool can
perform the job as it should. Then we perform PM1. Afterwards, we check oil level. If tool fail
then vacuum or oil fill. Later on there is heat test, pressure test, post-test PM1 and finally
vibration check. Tools that pass all tests will be given green tag and job ready. If tool fail the
test then troubleshooting to Electrical/Sonde Lab and repeat all test. If tool is damaged then it
will be given red tag.
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The following are tools tag in Halliburton and its meaning.
a. Red : requires service and is not job ready.
b. Yellow : pending functional or operational validation and is not job ready.
c. Green : functional or operational validation complete (job ready).
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(a)
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(b)
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(c)
Figure 2.2 Tool Maintenance Management.
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CHAPTER III
INSTRUMENTATION STUDY OF CWH (CAPACITANCE WATER HOLDUP)
IN THE HALLIBURTON WIRELINE AND PERFORATING UNIT SURABAYA-
INDONESIA
3.1 Well Logging
In the exploration process, a most probable hydrocarbon bearing rock structure is defined
based on seismic and geological surveys, and a drilling location is then released and the well is
drilled. It is now necessary to ascertain the hydrocarbon potential of the well vis--vis the
reservoir
[6]
. Well logging is a relatively inexpensive method of collecting subsurface
hydrogeological data that might otherwise be unknown. Well logging is a process used to
determine whether a well drilled deep into the ground has the potential to produce oil
[7]
.

Figure 3.1 Well Log
[8]
.
Well Logging Measurements are carried out through the drilled borehole. The drilled
borehole may be either an Open Hole or a Cased Hole. Open hole is a borehole drilled in the
formation, usually available immediately after drilling. All basic petro physical measurements
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for Formation Evaluation. In other hand, cased hole is a borehole wherein steel casing pipes
have been placed and cemented suitably. Cased hole measurements mostly concern with
Reservoir Development & Production.
Basic Well Logging Petro physical Measurements:
Natural Gamma Radioactivity
Formation Resistivity
Formation Density
Formation Porosity
Acoustic Travel Time
Formation Pressure /Fluid Sampling/Coring
[6]
.
3.2 Wireline Logging
Wireline logging is performed by lowering a logging tool or a string of one or more
instruments, on the end of a wireline into an oil well (or borehole) and recording petro
physical properties using a variety of sensors. Logging tools developed over the years measure
the natural gamma ray, electrical, acoustic, stimulated radioactive responses, electromagnetic,
nuclear magnetic resonance, pressure and other properties of the rocks and their contained
fluids. For this article, they are broadly broken down by the main property that they respond
to.
The data itself is recorded either at surface (real-time mode), or in the hole (memory
mode) to an electronic data format and then either a printed record or electronic presentation
called a well log is provided to the client, along with an electronic copy of the raw data. Well
logging operations can either be performed during the drilling process (see Logging While
Drilling), to provide real-time information about the formations being penetrated by the
borehole, or once the well has reached Total Depth and the whole depth of the borehole can be
logged
[9]
.
3.3 Cased-Hole Logging
Cased-hole logging involves retrieving logging measurements through the well casing, or
the metal piping that is inserted into the well during completion operations. Cased-hole
logging is performed more rarely but still provides valuable information about the well.
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Cased-hole logging is used to help operators obtain additional information from a well or
reservoir that has already been completed. For example, the well may have already started
production and a cased-hole log could help determine what has hampered flow. In some cases,
the decision must be made to plug and abandon the well or recomplete it, and the cased-hole
log will help identify what lies beyond the casing of the well.
Cased-hole logging can be used to evaluate the formation and completion of the well, as
well as determine the state of the cement, corrosion and perforation. Both gamma ray and
neutron porosity logs can be run through the casing of a well, and better ideas of thermal
decay and interval transit time can be achieved through porosity, hydrocarbon saturation and
productivity measurements
[10]
.
3.4 Production Tool String
3.4.1 Short Compact Production Logging Toolstring components
Short Compact (SC) Toolstring uses combined sensor tools (QPC and CTF) to
reduce overall toolstring length, portable and have reduced rig up height. The
distance between sensors is reduced thus first readings are closer to the bottom of
the logging interval. It has fewer tool connections than a standard length PL
toolstring. Individual sensors on the QPC and CTF cannot be re-positioned or
removed.
The following is SC component:
a. Combined Pressure and CCL tool (QPC)
Measures changes in flowing and shut-in pressures, this information
indicates the efficiency of the well and performance of the reservoir. In the
absence of a dedicated density tool it can also be used to estimate density.
b. CCL
Responds to changes in metal volume such as at casing joints, completion
items or perforations. It is mainly used for depth correlation though can be
used to detect holes and perforations.
c. Gamma Ray
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Measures natural gamma ray radiation levels in the wellbore. Used, for
depth correlation, lithology and radioactive scale identification which is
associated with water production.
d. Inline Spinner (ILS)
Used as a backup flow meter in conjunction with a CFS or CFB and when it
is necessary to log in tubing and casing in one logging run.
e. Density
By measuring the overall density of the wellbore fluid the fraction or holdup
of each phase can be calculated.
f. Combined Capacitance, Temperature and Flowmeter (CTF)
i. Capacitance
The capacitance tool has different frequencies in gas, oil and water
but it is principally used to measure the water fraction in the mixture.
ii. Temperature
It responds to small temperature changes - indicating fluid movement
inside and/or outside of the completion.
iii. Flow meters
Measures well fluid velocity using a turbine (spinner) impeller, the
higher the fluid velocity, the faster the spinner rotates.
3.4.2 Standard Length Production Logging String Components
Standard Length (SL) uses separate tools so it offer more flexibility to configure
toolstring but adds to the overall length. SLPL has more tool connections than the
SCT. Individual sensors can be re-positioned or removed.
The following is SL component:
a. Quartz Pressure gauge (QPS)
Measures changes in flowing and shut-in pressures, this information
indicates the efficiency of the well and performance of the reservoir. In the
absence of a dedicated density tool it can also be used to estimate density.
b. CCL
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Responds to changes in metal volume such as at casing joints, completion
items or perforations. It is mainly used for depth correlation though can be
used to detect holes and perforations.
c. Gamma Ray
Measures natural gamma ray radiation levels in the wellbore. Used, for
depth correlation, lithology and radioactive scale identification which is
associated with water production.
d. Inline Spinner (ILS)
The ILS flow meter is used as a backup flow meter in conjunction with a
CFS or CFB and when it is necessary to log in tubing and casing in one
logging run.
e. Capacitance
The capacitance tool has different frequencies in gas, oil and water but it is
principally used to measure the water fraction in the mixture.
f. Temperature
Responds to small temperature changes - indicating fluid movement inside
and/or outside of the completion. Temperature changes can be used to
qualitatively identify fluid type, volume and direction of flow.
g. Flow meters
Measures well fluid velocity using a turbine (spinner) impeller, the higher
the fluid velocity, the faster the spinner rotates
[11]
.

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(a) (b)
Figure 3.2 Production Logging Toolstring
(a) Short Compact
(b) Standard Length
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3.5 Capacitance Water Holdup Operation Principle
Capacitance Water Hold up Tool uses a sensor oscillator. CWH uses frequency
comparison method. Because this method is easy and frequencies can be obtained directly
calculated to find the value of capacitance.
The dielectric constant of air, water and hydrocarbons are 1; 80; and of 2.1-2.4. The
dielectric constants difference between water and hydrocarbons cause the oscillator frequency
changes. The frequency of the oscillator is 1 MHz in air and decreases with the increase in the
ratio of water in the fluid. Oscillator output frequency is then divided, using counter, into 16 to
approximately 64 kHz. Then it sent via telemetry.
The ratio between water and oil can only be measured up to 40%. If the water levels rise
above 40% then it will cause a short circuit. The instrument response is no longer linear so that
the instrument can only measure maximum at 40%.
For accuracy the tool needs to be calibrated in the pure fluids of the mixture to be logged.
This usually means that, at some stage during the survey, a down-hole measurement of 100%
water, and 100% oil (and/or gas) is required.
3.6 Capacitance
Capacitance is the electrical property of capacitors. It is the measure of the amount of
charge that a capacitor can hold at a given voltage. Capacitance is measured in Farad (F) and it
can be defined in the unit coulomb per volt as:
V
Q
C (3.1)
where C is the capacitance in farad (F), Q is the magnitude of charge stored on each
plate (coulomb), and V is the voltage applied to the plates (volts).
Capacitance is proportional to the amount of dielectric constant. As the dielectric
constant between the capacitive plates of a capacitor rises, the capacitance will also increase
accordingly. The capacitance can be stated in terms of the dielectric constant, as:
d
A
C
r
0

(3.2)
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where, C is the capacitance in Farads,
r
is the dielectric constant and C
0
is the
capacitance in the absence of dielectric constant.
Different materials have different magnitudes of dielectric constant. Table 2.1 show
the commonly used dielectric materials and their values.
Table 2.1 Dielectric Constant of Commonly Used Dielectric Material
[12]
.
Material Dielectric
constant
Material Dielectric
constant
Acetone 19.5 Mica 5.76.7
Air 1 Paper 1.62.6
Alcohol 25.8 Petroleum 2.02.2
Ammonia 1525.0 Polystyrene 3
Carbon dioxide 1 Powdered milk 3.54.0
Chlorine liquid 2 Salt 6.1
Ethanol 24 Sugar 3.3
Gasoline 2.2 Transformer
oil
2.2
Glycerin 47 Turpentine oil 2.2
Hard paper 4.5 Water 80
3.7 Water Holdup
In multiphase flow, each fluid moves at a different speed due to different gravitational
forces and other factors. The heavier phase moving slower or being more held up than the
lighter phase. The holdup is difference from cut. Cut is the proportion of the total flow rate
due to that fluid. To determine in-situ flow rates, it is necessary to measure the holdup and
velocity of each fluid. Holdup is usually given the symbol y, with the suffixes g, o or w for
gas, oil or water. The sum of the holdups of the fluids present is unity. The holdup ratio is the
ratio of the holdups of two fluids, and is sometimes used as a parameter to express the
phenomenon
[13]
. Water holdup determines the water leakage in production well. Water
problem is the biggest reason in performing logging. It is important to find the leakage
location
[12]
.

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3.8 Capacitance Water Holdup Components
3.8.1 Telemetry Board
Telemetry is communication process which measurements are made and transmitted
to receiving equipment for monitoring. The Ultrawire telemetry is a master slave
protocol. The controller sends a command to the tool. This may be a global
command (to all tools) or a tool specific command which contains the address of the
target tool. Tool specific commands are acknowledged by the tool, global
commands are executed but do not generate a response. PSU (Power Supply Unit)
give power supply to oscillator board (+5 volt) and frequency divider (+12 volt).
3.8.2 Oscillator Board
Oscillators convert direct current from a power supply to an alternating current
signal. The capacitance probe is proportional with fluid dielectric constant. It is part
of an oscillator circuit, which outputs approximately 1MHz in air and drops slightly
in water.
3.8.3 Frequency Divider
It divides oscillators frequency, typically by 16, using counter. Thus it gives
frequency approximately 64 kHz to the telemetry board.
3.9 Capacitance Water Holdup Preventive Maintenance
3.9.1 Grease and Lubricant
Sondex recommends the use of Liquid O-ring type 101 on threads and O-rings.
All O-rings and housing threads are assumed to be and must be lightly greased,
unless specifically indicated otherwise. We must check the thread is outside so that
grease cannot get inside the tool. Do not use excessive quantities. Silicone grease
may be used on O-rings, but must be kept clear of threads, especially stainless steel
to stainless steel. Cavities should be filled with suitable heavy high melting point
grease. Like Castrol Spheerol L-EP2 or Castrol LMX.

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3.9.2 Mechanical
Check O-ring is fitted. Then check connectors for cleanliness and loose/bent pins
before replacing. After that, check all fixings for tightness. Finally check insulator is
clean, inner surfaces smooth and silicone greased.
3.9.3 Electrical
Check through line resistance and tool current. Tool current must 16-17mA at 18V.
Connect to Logging System and check for correct data. Apply some gentle
vibration, rotation and invert tool to expose potential failure. Then check line for
+1V and -1V, 2s pulses with an oscilloscope. Make sure to check tool pulses, not
those from the controller which occur first. Pulses should have no ringing, if
ringing, also attach bottom tool (CTF, other bottom flow meter or toolstring
terminator).
3.9.4 Ageing of Electrical
Tools which may be suspected of reliability problems due to age or unusual log
response may be heated to 120C, which would not normally age the electronics,
and then subjected to moderate vibration. A moderately hard blow from a wooden
hammer is recommended.

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CHAPTER IV
CLOSURE
4.1 Conclusion
After doing the Field Work at PT. Wireline Halliburton and Perforating with theme
Instrument Study of Water Holdup Capacitive (CWH), it can be concluded as follows.
1. The Company is led by Country Manager and oversees the department 8. Surabaya
consists of a WPS FSQC, FSC, Maintenance Coordinator, and Field Engineer.
2. The handling instruments are including PM1, Post Test PM1 and vibration test. Sonde/
Electronic Lab troubleshoot tool that fail the test. After that, tool must repeat test from
beginning.
3. Capacitance Water Holdup used frequency comparison method to measure the ratio of
water and oil in cased-hole.
4. Capacitance Water Holdup component are telemetry, oscillator and frequency divider .
5. Preventive maintenance for CWH including change lubricant and oil; mechanical
check; electrical check; and ageing of electrical.

4.2 Recommendation
Recommendations can be given that the provision of storage according to the type of
tools so we can easily access it. Cables can be classified based on its diameter or type so that it
is easy to look for. Storage O-ring can be made according to O-ring size.

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REFERENCE
[1] Halliburton. 2014. URL http://www.halliburton.com/en-US/about-us/history-of-
halliburton-of-halliburton.page?node-id=hgeyxt5y accessed at Jully 14, 2014.
[2] Shankar, Shri S. 2010. Well Logging Techniques and Formation Evaluation-An Over
View. URL http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/IAI/17-20mar10/WellLogging
Tech.pdf accessed at August 18, 2014.
[3] Ofwona, Cornel. 2010. Introduction To Geophysical Well Logging. URL
http://www.os.is/ gogn/unu-gtp-sc/ UNU-GTP-SC-11-35.pdf accessed at August 23,
2014.
[4] Engineering Physics ITS. 2009. Database Kerja Praktek. URL http://ep.its.ac.id/
kbis/kp/pelaporan.php?a=view&recid=503 accessed at June 20, 2014.
[5] Halliburton. 2014. Vision and Mission. URL http://www.halliburton.no/m/page.aspx?
nodeid=5353 diakses pada 10 Agustus 2014 pukul 09:00 WIB.
[6] Anonym. 2011. Well Logging Techniques. URL
http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/30May-01June11/6.pdf accessed at August
24, 2014.
[7] Anonym. Well Logging. URL http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/well+logging
accessed at August 24, 2014.
[8] Jensen, J. L., Ayers, W. B., & Blasingame, T. A. 2003. Openhole Well Log Evaluation,
321(Fall). URL http://www.pe.tamu.edu/blasingame/data/z_zCourse_Archive/
P663_03C/P663_03C_TAB_Lec_FormEval/P663_Lec_03C_Resistivity_Intro_JLJ_W
BA_TAB.pdf accessed at August 23, 2014.
[9] Anderson, Mark A. 2011. Discovering The Secret of The Earth. URL
https://www.slb.com/resources/publications/oilfield_review/~/media/Files/resources/oil
field_review/ors11/spr11/defining_logging.ashx accessed at August 22, 2014.
[10] Rigzone. 2014. Whats the Difference Between Open-Hole and Cased-Hole Logging?.
URL http://www.rigzone.com/training/insight.asp?insight_id=330&c_id=1 accessed at
August 22, 2014.
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[11] Sondex. 2006. Standard Length and Short Compact Production Logging Toolstrings.
URL http://site.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/oc/en/oilfield_technology/
downloads/ sondex_plt_tools_user_guide.pdf accessed at August 19, 2014.
[12] Terzic, E., Terzic, J., Nagarajah, R., et al. 2012. Neural Network Approach to Fluid
Quantity Measurement in Dynamic Environments. URL
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4471-4060-3 accessed at Jully 19, 2014.
[13] Schlumberger. 2014. Multiphase Holdup Log. URL
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms.aspx?LookIn=term%20name&filter=mu
ltiphase+holdup+log accessed at Jully 20, 2014.

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